CXXFLAGS = -ggdb -std=c++17 -Wall -Wextra -Werror -pedantic
-CXXINCS = -Isrc -I$(LIBDIR)/LuaJIT/src -I$(LIBDIR)/entityx
+CXXINCS = -Isrc -I$(LIBDIR)/LuaJIT/src -I$(LIBDIR)/entityx -I$(LIBDIR)/LuaBridge/Source
CXXSRC := $(shell find $(SRCDIR) -type f -name *.$(SRCEXT))
CXXOBJ := $(patsubst $(SRCDIR)/%,$(OUTDIR)/%,$(CXXSRC:.$(SRCEXT)=.$(OBJEXT)))
-Player = entityx.manager:new()
-function Player:init(o)
- o = o or {}
- self.position = self:component("Position", o.position or {0, 0})
-end
+--Player = entityx.manager:new()
+--function Player:init(o)
+-- o = o or {}
+-- self.position = self:component("Position", o.position or {0, 0})
+--end
+--
+--p = Player:instance({position = {10, 20}})
+--p.position.x(5)
+--print(p.position.x(), p.position.y())
-p = Player:instance({position = {10, 20}})
-p.position.x(5)
-print(p.position.x(), p.position.y())
+--p = comp:Position(6.5, 2.3)
+local q = comp.Position(6, 3)
+print(q.x .. "," .. q.y)
print("HEY")
--- /dev/null
+* text=auto
--- /dev/null
+Documentation
+*.swp
+Makefile
+CMakeCache.txt
+CMakeFiles/
+*.dir/
+*.cmake
+*.sln
+*.vcxproj
+*.vcxproj.filters
+*.vcxproj.user
+.vs/
+.vscode
--- /dev/null
+[submodule "third_party/gtest"]
+ path = third_party/gtest
+ url = https://github.com/google/googletest.git
--- /dev/null
+Version 2.1
+
+ * Added stack specializations for STL vector, list and map stack
+ * Added ability to use LuaRef objects as an std::map keys
+ * Fixed some manual errata
+
+Version 2.0
+
+ * Numerous bug fixes
+ * Feature Requests from Github Issues
+ * Added LuaRef object
+ * Rewritten documentation
+
+Version 1.1.0
+
+ * Split code up into several files
+ * Add Lua table and type representations (based on Nigel's code)
+ * Reformat documentation as external HTML file
+
+Version 1.0.3
+
+ * Pass nil to Lua when a null pointer is passed for objects with shared lifetime.
+
+Version 1.0.2
+
+ * Option to hide metatables selectable at runtime, default to true.
+ * addStaticMethod () renamed to addStaticFunction () for consistency.
+ * addMethod () renamed to addFunction() for consistency.
+ * addCFunction () registrations.
+ * Convert null pointers to and from nil.
+ * Small performance increase in class pointer extraction.
+
+2012-05-30 Version 1.0.1
+
+ * Backward compatibility with Lua 5.1.x.
+
+2012-05-29 Version 1.0
+
+ * Explicit lifetime management models.
+ * Generalized containers.
+ * Single header distribution.
+
+
--- /dev/null
+cmake_minimum_required (VERSION 3.5)
+
+project (LuaBridge)
+
+set (CMAKE_CXX_STANDARD 11)
+
+option (LUABRIDGE_NO_CXX11 "Use C++11 standard if supported by compiler" OFF)
+
+if (LUABRIDGE_NO_CXX11)
+ add_definitions (-DLUABRIDGE_NO_CXX11)
+endif ()
+
+set (gtest_force_shared_crt ON CACHE BOOL "Use /MD and /MDd" FORCE)
+add_subdirectory (third_party/gtest)
+
+add_subdirectory (Source)
+
+add_subdirectory (Tests)
--- /dev/null
+# Doxyfile 1.8.1.1
+
+# This file describes the settings to be used by the documentation system
+# doxygen (www.doxygen.org) for a project.
+#
+# All text after a hash (#) is considered a comment and will be ignored.
+# The format is:
+# TAG = value [value, ...]
+# For lists items can also be appended using:
+# TAG += value [value, ...]
+# Values that contain spaces should be placed between quotes (" ").
+
+#---------------------------------------------------------------------------
+# Project related configuration options
+#---------------------------------------------------------------------------
+
+# This tag specifies the encoding used for all characters in the config file
+# that follow. The default is UTF-8 which is also the encoding used for all
+# text before the first occurrence of this tag. Doxygen uses libiconv (or the
+# iconv built into libc) for the transcoding. See
+# http://www.gnu.org/software/libiconv for the list of possible encodings.
+
+DOXYFILE_ENCODING = UTF-8
+
+# The PROJECT_NAME tag is a single word (or sequence of words) that should
+# identify the project. Note that if you do not use Doxywizard you need
+# to put quotes around the project name if it contains spaces.
+
+PROJECT_NAME = LuaBridge
+
+# The PROJECT_NUMBER tag can be used to enter a project or revision number.
+# This could be handy for archiving the generated documentation or
+# if some version control system is used.
+
+PROJECT_NUMBER =
+
+# Using the PROJECT_BRIEF tag one can provide an optional one line description
+# for a project that appears at the top of each page and should give viewer
+# a quick idea about the purpose of the project. Keep the description short.
+
+PROJECT_BRIEF =
+
+# With the PROJECT_LOGO tag one can specify an logo or icon that is
+# included in the documentation. The maximum height of the logo should not
+# exceed 55 pixels and the maximum width should not exceed 200 pixels.
+# Doxygen will copy the logo to the output directory.
+
+PROJECT_LOGO =
+
+# The OUTPUT_DIRECTORY tag is used to specify the (relative or absolute)
+# base path where the generated documentation will be put.
+# If a relative path is entered, it will be relative to the location
+# where doxygen was started. If left blank the current directory will be used.
+
+OUTPUT_DIRECTORY =
+
+# If the CREATE_SUBDIRS tag is set to YES, then doxygen will create
+# 4096 sub-directories (in 2 levels) under the output directory of each output
+# format and will distribute the generated files over these directories.
+# Enabling this option can be useful when feeding doxygen a huge amount of
+# source files, where putting all generated files in the same directory would
+# otherwise cause performance problems for the file system.
+
+CREATE_SUBDIRS = NO
+
+# The OUTPUT_LANGUAGE tag is used to specify the language in which all
+# documentation generated by doxygen is written. Doxygen will use this
+# information to generate all constant output in the proper language.
+# The default language is English, other supported languages are:
+# Afrikaans, Arabic, Brazilian, Catalan, Chinese, Chinese-Traditional,
+# Croatian, Czech, Danish, Dutch, Esperanto, Farsi, Finnish, French, German,
+# Greek, Hungarian, Italian, Japanese, Japanese-en (Japanese with English
+# messages), Korean, Korean-en, Lithuanian, Norwegian, Macedonian, Persian,
+# Polish, Portuguese, Romanian, Russian, Serbian, Serbian-Cyrillic, Slovak,
+# Slovene, Spanish, Swedish, Ukrainian, and Vietnamese.
+
+OUTPUT_LANGUAGE = English
+
+# If the BRIEF_MEMBER_DESC tag is set to YES (the default) Doxygen will
+# include brief member descriptions after the members that are listed in
+# the file and class documentation (similar to JavaDoc).
+# Set to NO to disable this.
+
+BRIEF_MEMBER_DESC = YES
+
+# If the REPEAT_BRIEF tag is set to YES (the default) Doxygen will prepend
+# the brief description of a member or function before the detailed description.
+# Note: if both HIDE_UNDOC_MEMBERS and BRIEF_MEMBER_DESC are set to NO, the
+# brief descriptions will be completely suppressed.
+
+REPEAT_BRIEF = NO
+
+# This tag implements a quasi-intelligent brief description abbreviator
+# that is used to form the text in various listings. Each string
+# in this list, if found as the leading text of the brief description, will be
+# stripped from the text and the result after processing the whole list, is
+# used as the annotated text. Otherwise, the brief description is used as-is.
+# If left blank, the following values are used ("$name" is automatically
+# replaced with the name of the entity): "The $name class" "The $name widget"
+# "The $name file" "is" "provides" "specifies" "contains"
+# "represents" "a" "an" "the"
+
+ABBREVIATE_BRIEF =
+
+# If the ALWAYS_DETAILED_SEC and REPEAT_BRIEF tags are both set to YES then
+# Doxygen will generate a detailed section even if there is only a brief
+# description.
+
+ALWAYS_DETAILED_SEC = NO
+
+# If the INLINE_INHERITED_MEMB tag is set to YES, doxygen will show all
+# inherited members of a class in the documentation of that class as if those
+# members were ordinary class members. Constructors, destructors and assignment
+# operators of the base classes will not be shown.
+
+INLINE_INHERITED_MEMB = NO
+
+# If the FULL_PATH_NAMES tag is set to YES then Doxygen will prepend the full
+# path before files name in the file list and in the header files. If set
+# to NO the shortest path that makes the file name unique will be used.
+
+FULL_PATH_NAMES = NO
+
+# If the FULL_PATH_NAMES tag is set to YES then the STRIP_FROM_PATH tag
+# can be used to strip a user-defined part of the path. Stripping is
+# only done if one of the specified strings matches the left-hand part of
+# the path. The tag can be used to show relative paths in the file list.
+# If left blank the directory from which doxygen is run is used as the
+# path to strip.
+
+STRIP_FROM_PATH =
+
+# The STRIP_FROM_INC_PATH tag can be used to strip a user-defined part of
+# the path mentioned in the documentation of a class, which tells
+# the reader which header file to include in order to use a class.
+# If left blank only the name of the header file containing the class
+# definition is used. Otherwise one should specify the include paths that
+# are normally passed to the compiler using the -I flag.
+
+STRIP_FROM_INC_PATH =
+
+# If the SHORT_NAMES tag is set to YES, doxygen will generate much shorter
+# (but less readable) file names. This can be useful if your file system
+# doesn't support long names like on DOS, Mac, or CD-ROM.
+
+SHORT_NAMES = NO
+
+# If the JAVADOC_AUTOBRIEF tag is set to YES then Doxygen
+# will interpret the first line (until the first dot) of a JavaDoc-style
+# comment as the brief description. If set to NO, the JavaDoc
+# comments will behave just like regular Qt-style comments
+# (thus requiring an explicit @brief command for a brief description.)
+
+JAVADOC_AUTOBRIEF = YES
+
+# If the QT_AUTOBRIEF tag is set to YES then Doxygen will
+# interpret the first line (until the first dot) of a Qt-style
+# comment as the brief description. If set to NO, the comments
+# will behave just like regular Qt-style comments (thus requiring
+# an explicit \brief command for a brief description.)
+
+QT_AUTOBRIEF = NO
+
+# The MULTILINE_CPP_IS_BRIEF tag can be set to YES to make Doxygen
+# treat a multi-line C++ special comment block (i.e. a block of //! or ///
+# comments) as a brief description. This used to be the default behaviour.
+# The new default is to treat a multi-line C++ comment block as a detailed
+# description. Set this tag to YES if you prefer the old behaviour instead.
+
+MULTILINE_CPP_IS_BRIEF = NO
+
+# If the INHERIT_DOCS tag is set to YES (the default) then an undocumented
+# member inherits the documentation from any documented member that it
+# re-implements.
+
+INHERIT_DOCS = YES
+
+# If the SEPARATE_MEMBER_PAGES tag is set to YES, then doxygen will produce
+# a new page for each member. If set to NO, the documentation of a member will
+# be part of the file/class/namespace that contains it.
+
+SEPARATE_MEMBER_PAGES = NO
+
+# The TAB_SIZE tag can be used to set the number of spaces in a tab.
+# Doxygen uses this value to replace tabs by spaces in code fragments.
+
+TAB_SIZE = 4
+
+# This tag can be used to specify a number of aliases that acts
+# as commands in the documentation. An alias has the form "name=value".
+# For example adding "sideeffect=\par Side Effects:\n" will allow you to
+# put the command \sideeffect (or @sideeffect) in the documentation, which
+# will result in a user-defined paragraph with heading "Side Effects:".
+# You can put \n's in the value part of an alias to insert newlines.
+
+ALIASES =
+
+# This tag can be used to specify a number of word-keyword mappings (TCL only).
+# A mapping has the form "name=value". For example adding
+# "class=itcl::class" will allow you to use the command class in the
+# itcl::class meaning.
+
+TCL_SUBST =
+
+# Set the OPTIMIZE_OUTPUT_FOR_C tag to YES if your project consists of C
+# sources only. Doxygen will then generate output that is more tailored for C.
+# For instance, some of the names that are used will be different. The list
+# of all members will be omitted, etc.
+
+OPTIMIZE_OUTPUT_FOR_C = NO
+
+# Set the OPTIMIZE_OUTPUT_JAVA tag to YES if your project consists of Java
+# sources only. Doxygen will then generate output that is more tailored for
+# Java. For instance, namespaces will be presented as packages, qualified
+# scopes will look different, etc.
+
+OPTIMIZE_OUTPUT_JAVA = NO
+
+# Set the OPTIMIZE_FOR_FORTRAN tag to YES if your project consists of Fortran
+# sources only. Doxygen will then generate output that is more tailored for
+# Fortran.
+
+OPTIMIZE_FOR_FORTRAN = NO
+
+# Set the OPTIMIZE_OUTPUT_VHDL tag to YES if your project consists of VHDL
+# sources. Doxygen will then generate output that is tailored for
+# VHDL.
+
+OPTIMIZE_OUTPUT_VHDL = NO
+
+# Doxygen selects the parser to use depending on the extension of the files it
+# parses. With this tag you can assign which parser to use for a given extension.
+# Doxygen has a built-in mapping, but you can override or extend it using this
+# tag. The format is ext=language, where ext is a file extension, and language
+# is one of the parsers supported by doxygen: IDL, Java, Javascript, CSharp, C,
+# C++, D, PHP, Objective-C, Python, Fortran, VHDL, C, C++. For instance to make
+# doxygen treat .inc files as Fortran files (default is PHP), and .f files as C
+# (default is Fortran), use: inc=Fortran f=C. Note that for custom extensions
+# you also need to set FILE_PATTERNS otherwise the files are not read by doxygen.
+
+EXTENSION_MAPPING =
+
+# If MARKDOWN_SUPPORT is enabled (the default) then doxygen pre-processes all
+# comments according to the Markdown format, which allows for more readable
+# documentation. See http://daringfireball.net/projects/markdown/ for details.
+# The output of markdown processing is further processed by doxygen, so you
+# can mix doxygen, HTML, and XML commands with Markdown formatting.
+# Disable only in case of backward compatibilities issues.
+
+MARKDOWN_SUPPORT = YES
+
+# If you use STL classes (i.e. std::string, std::vector, etc.) but do not want
+# to include (a tag file for) the STL sources as input, then you should
+# set this tag to YES in order to let doxygen match functions declarations and
+# definitions whose arguments contain STL classes (e.g. func(std::string); v.s.
+# func(std::string) {}). This also makes the inheritance and collaboration
+# diagrams that involve STL classes more complete and accurate.
+
+BUILTIN_STL_SUPPORT = YES
+
+# If you use Microsoft's C++/CLI language, you should set this option to YES to
+# enable parsing support.
+
+CPP_CLI_SUPPORT = NO
+
+# Set the SIP_SUPPORT tag to YES if your project consists of sip sources only.
+# Doxygen will parse them like normal C++ but will assume all classes use public
+# instead of private inheritance when no explicit protection keyword is present.
+
+SIP_SUPPORT = NO
+
+# For Microsoft's IDL there are propget and propput attributes to indicate getter
+# and setter methods for a property. Setting this option to YES (the default)
+# will make doxygen replace the get and set methods by a property in the
+# documentation. This will only work if the methods are indeed getting or
+# setting a simple type. If this is not the case, or you want to show the
+# methods anyway, you should set this option to NO.
+
+IDL_PROPERTY_SUPPORT = YES
+
+# If member grouping is used in the documentation and the DISTRIBUTE_GROUP_DOC
+# tag is set to YES, then doxygen will reuse the documentation of the first
+# member in the group (if any) for the other members of the group. By default
+# all members of a group must be documented explicitly.
+
+DISTRIBUTE_GROUP_DOC = NO
+
+# Set the SUBGROUPING tag to YES (the default) to allow class member groups of
+# the same type (for instance a group of public functions) to be put as a
+# subgroup of that type (e.g. under the Public Functions section). Set it to
+# NO to prevent subgrouping. Alternatively, this can be done per class using
+# the \nosubgrouping command.
+
+SUBGROUPING = YES
+
+# When the INLINE_GROUPED_CLASSES tag is set to YES, classes, structs and
+# unions are shown inside the group in which they are included (e.g. using
+# @ingroup) instead of on a separate page (for HTML and Man pages) or
+# section (for LaTeX and RTF).
+
+INLINE_GROUPED_CLASSES = NO
+
+# When the INLINE_SIMPLE_STRUCTS tag is set to YES, structs, classes, and
+# unions with only public data fields will be shown inline in the documentation
+# of the scope in which they are defined (i.e. file, namespace, or group
+# documentation), provided this scope is documented. If set to NO (the default),
+# structs, classes, and unions are shown on a separate page (for HTML and Man
+# pages) or section (for LaTeX and RTF).
+
+INLINE_SIMPLE_STRUCTS = NO
+
+# When TYPEDEF_HIDES_STRUCT is enabled, a typedef of a struct, union, or enum
+# is documented as struct, union, or enum with the name of the typedef. So
+# typedef struct TypeS {} TypeT, will appear in the documentation as a struct
+# with name TypeT. When disabled the typedef will appear as a member of a file,
+# namespace, or class. And the struct will be named TypeS. This can typically
+# be useful for C code in case the coding convention dictates that all compound
+# types are typedef'ed and only the typedef is referenced, never the tag name.
+
+TYPEDEF_HIDES_STRUCT = NO
+
+# The SYMBOL_CACHE_SIZE determines the size of the internal cache use to
+# determine which symbols to keep in memory and which to flush to disk.
+# When the cache is full, less often used symbols will be written to disk.
+# For small to medium size projects (<1000 input files) the default value is
+# probably good enough. For larger projects a too small cache size can cause
+# doxygen to be busy swapping symbols to and from disk most of the time
+# causing a significant performance penalty.
+# If the system has enough physical memory increasing the cache will improve the
+# performance by keeping more symbols in memory. Note that the value works on
+# a logarithmic scale so increasing the size by one will roughly double the
+# memory usage. The cache size is given by this formula:
+# 2^(16+SYMBOL_CACHE_SIZE). The valid range is 0..9, the default is 0,
+# corresponding to a cache size of 2^16 = 65536 symbols.
+
+SYMBOL_CACHE_SIZE = 0
+
+# Similar to the SYMBOL_CACHE_SIZE the size of the symbol lookup cache can be
+# set using LOOKUP_CACHE_SIZE. This cache is used to resolve symbols given
+# their name and scope. Since this can be an expensive process and often the
+# same symbol appear multiple times in the code, doxygen keeps a cache of
+# pre-resolved symbols. If the cache is too small doxygen will become slower.
+# If the cache is too large, memory is wasted. The cache size is given by this
+# formula: 2^(16+LOOKUP_CACHE_SIZE). The valid range is 0..9, the default is 0,
+# corresponding to a cache size of 2^16 = 65536 symbols.
+
+LOOKUP_CACHE_SIZE = 0
+
+#---------------------------------------------------------------------------
+# Build related configuration options
+#---------------------------------------------------------------------------
+
+# If the EXTRACT_ALL tag is set to YES doxygen will assume all entities in
+# documentation are documented, even if no documentation was available.
+# Private class members and static file members will be hidden unless
+# the EXTRACT_PRIVATE and EXTRACT_STATIC tags are set to YES
+
+EXTRACT_ALL = NO
+
+# If the EXTRACT_PRIVATE tag is set to YES all private members of a class
+# will be included in the documentation.
+
+EXTRACT_PRIVATE = NO
+
+# If the EXTRACT_PACKAGE tag is set to YES all members with package or internal scope will be included in the documentation.
+
+EXTRACT_PACKAGE = NO
+
+# If the EXTRACT_STATIC tag is set to YES all static members of a file
+# will be included in the documentation.
+
+EXTRACT_STATIC = NO
+
+# If the EXTRACT_LOCAL_CLASSES tag is set to YES classes (and structs)
+# defined locally in source files will be included in the documentation.
+# If set to NO only classes defined in header files are included.
+
+EXTRACT_LOCAL_CLASSES = NO
+
+# This flag is only useful for Objective-C code. When set to YES local
+# methods, which are defined in the implementation section but not in
+# the interface are included in the documentation.
+# If set to NO (the default) only methods in the interface are included.
+
+EXTRACT_LOCAL_METHODS = NO
+
+# If this flag is set to YES, the members of anonymous namespaces will be
+# extracted and appear in the documentation as a namespace called
+# 'anonymous_namespace{file}', where file will be replaced with the base
+# name of the file that contains the anonymous namespace. By default
+# anonymous namespaces are hidden.
+
+EXTRACT_ANON_NSPACES = NO
+
+# If the HIDE_UNDOC_MEMBERS tag is set to YES, Doxygen will hide all
+# undocumented members of documented classes, files or namespaces.
+# If set to NO (the default) these members will be included in the
+# various overviews, but no documentation section is generated.
+# This option has no effect if EXTRACT_ALL is enabled.
+
+HIDE_UNDOC_MEMBERS = YES
+
+# If the HIDE_UNDOC_CLASSES tag is set to YES, Doxygen will hide all
+# undocumented classes that are normally visible in the class hierarchy.
+# If set to NO (the default) these classes will be included in the various
+# overviews. This option has no effect if EXTRACT_ALL is enabled.
+
+HIDE_UNDOC_CLASSES = YES
+
+# If the HIDE_FRIEND_COMPOUNDS tag is set to YES, Doxygen will hide all
+# friend (class|struct|union) declarations.
+# If set to NO (the default) these declarations will be included in the
+# documentation.
+
+HIDE_FRIEND_COMPOUNDS = NO
+
+# If the HIDE_IN_BODY_DOCS tag is set to YES, Doxygen will hide any
+# documentation blocks found inside the body of a function.
+# If set to NO (the default) these blocks will be appended to the
+# function's detailed documentation block.
+
+HIDE_IN_BODY_DOCS = NO
+
+# The INTERNAL_DOCS tag determines if documentation
+# that is typed after a \internal command is included. If the tag is set
+# to NO (the default) then the documentation will be excluded.
+# Set it to YES to include the internal documentation.
+
+INTERNAL_DOCS = YES
+
+# If the CASE_SENSE_NAMES tag is set to NO then Doxygen will only generate
+# file names in lower-case letters. If set to YES upper-case letters are also
+# allowed. This is useful if you have classes or files whose names only differ
+# in case and if your file system supports case sensitive file names. Windows
+# and Mac users are advised to set this option to NO.
+
+CASE_SENSE_NAMES = NO
+
+# If the HIDE_SCOPE_NAMES tag is set to NO (the default) then Doxygen
+# will show members with their full class and namespace scopes in the
+# documentation. If set to YES the scope will be hidden.
+
+HIDE_SCOPE_NAMES = NO
+
+# If the SHOW_INCLUDE_FILES tag is set to YES (the default) then Doxygen
+# will put a list of the files that are included by a file in the documentation
+# of that file.
+
+SHOW_INCLUDE_FILES = YES
+
+# If the FORCE_LOCAL_INCLUDES tag is set to YES then Doxygen
+# will list include files with double quotes in the documentation
+# rather than with sharp brackets.
+
+FORCE_LOCAL_INCLUDES = YES
+
+# If the INLINE_INFO tag is set to YES (the default) then a tag [inline]
+# is inserted in the documentation for inline members.
+
+INLINE_INFO = NO
+
+# If the SORT_MEMBER_DOCS tag is set to YES (the default) then doxygen
+# will sort the (detailed) documentation of file and class members
+# alphabetically by member name. If set to NO the members will appear in
+# declaration order.
+
+SORT_MEMBER_DOCS = NO
+
+# If the SORT_BRIEF_DOCS tag is set to YES then doxygen will sort the
+# brief documentation of file, namespace and class members alphabetically
+# by member name. If set to NO (the default) the members will appear in
+# declaration order.
+
+SORT_BRIEF_DOCS = NO
+
+# If the SORT_MEMBERS_CTORS_1ST tag is set to YES then doxygen
+# will sort the (brief and detailed) documentation of class members so that
+# constructors and destructors are listed first. If set to NO (the default)
+# the constructors will appear in the respective orders defined by
+# SORT_MEMBER_DOCS and SORT_BRIEF_DOCS.
+# This tag will be ignored for brief docs if SORT_BRIEF_DOCS is set to NO
+# and ignored for detailed docs if SORT_MEMBER_DOCS is set to NO.
+
+SORT_MEMBERS_CTORS_1ST = NO
+
+# If the SORT_GROUP_NAMES tag is set to YES then doxygen will sort the
+# hierarchy of group names into alphabetical order. If set to NO (the default)
+# the group names will appear in their defined order.
+
+SORT_GROUP_NAMES = YES
+
+# If the SORT_BY_SCOPE_NAME tag is set to YES, the class list will be
+# sorted by fully-qualified names, including namespaces. If set to
+# NO (the default), the class list will be sorted only by class name,
+# not including the namespace part.
+# Note: This option is not very useful if HIDE_SCOPE_NAMES is set to YES.
+# Note: This option applies only to the class list, not to the
+# alphabetical list.
+
+SORT_BY_SCOPE_NAME = YES
+
+# If the STRICT_PROTO_MATCHING option is enabled and doxygen fails to
+# do proper type resolution of all parameters of a function it will reject a
+# match between the prototype and the implementation of a member function even
+# if there is only one candidate or it is obvious which candidate to choose
+# by doing a simple string match. By disabling STRICT_PROTO_MATCHING doxygen
+# will still accept a match between prototype and implementation in such cases.
+
+STRICT_PROTO_MATCHING = NO
+
+# The GENERATE_TODOLIST tag can be used to enable (YES) or
+# disable (NO) the todo list. This list is created by putting \todo
+# commands in the documentation.
+
+GENERATE_TODOLIST = YES
+
+# The GENERATE_TESTLIST tag can be used to enable (YES) or
+# disable (NO) the test list. This list is created by putting \test
+# commands in the documentation.
+
+GENERATE_TESTLIST = YES
+
+# The GENERATE_BUGLIST tag can be used to enable (YES) or
+# disable (NO) the bug list. This list is created by putting \bug
+# commands in the documentation.
+
+GENERATE_BUGLIST = YES
+
+# The GENERATE_DEPRECATEDLIST tag can be used to enable (YES) or
+# disable (NO) the deprecated list. This list is created by putting
+# \deprecated commands in the documentation.
+
+GENERATE_DEPRECATEDLIST= YES
+
+# The ENABLED_SECTIONS tag can be used to enable conditional
+# documentation sections, marked by \if sectionname ... \endif.
+
+ENABLED_SECTIONS =
+
+# The MAX_INITIALIZER_LINES tag determines the maximum number of lines
+# the initial value of a variable or macro consists of for it to appear in
+# the documentation. If the initializer consists of more lines than specified
+# here it will be hidden. Use a value of 0 to hide initializers completely.
+# The appearance of the initializer of individual variables and macros in the
+# documentation can be controlled using \showinitializer or \hideinitializer
+# command in the documentation regardless of this setting.
+
+MAX_INITIALIZER_LINES = 30
+
+# Set the SHOW_USED_FILES tag to NO to disable the list of files generated
+# at the bottom of the documentation of classes and structs. If set to YES the
+# list will mention the files that were used to generate the documentation.
+
+SHOW_USED_FILES = YES
+
+# Set the SHOW_FILES tag to NO to disable the generation of the Files page.
+# This will remove the Files entry from the Quick Index and from the
+# Folder Tree View (if specified). The default is YES.
+
+SHOW_FILES = YES
+
+# Set the SHOW_NAMESPACES tag to NO to disable the generation of the
+# Namespaces page.
+# This will remove the Namespaces entry from the Quick Index
+# and from the Folder Tree View (if specified). The default is YES.
+
+SHOW_NAMESPACES = YES
+
+# The FILE_VERSION_FILTER tag can be used to specify a program or script that
+# doxygen should invoke to get the current version for each file (typically from
+# the version control system). Doxygen will invoke the program by executing (via
+# popen()) the command <command> <input-file>, where <command> is the value of
+# the FILE_VERSION_FILTER tag, and <input-file> is the name of an input file
+# provided by doxygen. Whatever the program writes to standard output
+# is used as the file version. See the manual for examples.
+
+FILE_VERSION_FILTER =
+
+# The LAYOUT_FILE tag can be used to specify a layout file which will be parsed
+# by doxygen. The layout file controls the global structure of the generated
+# output files in an output format independent way. To create the layout file
+# that represents doxygen's defaults, run doxygen with the -l option.
+# You can optionally specify a file name after the option, if omitted
+# DoxygenLayout.xml will be used as the name of the layout file.
+
+LAYOUT_FILE =
+
+# The CITE_BIB_FILES tag can be used to specify one or more bib files
+# containing the references data. This must be a list of .bib files. The
+# .bib extension is automatically appended if omitted. Using this command
+# requires the bibtex tool to be installed. See also
+# http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/BibTeX for more info. For LaTeX the style
+# of the bibliography can be controlled using LATEX_BIB_STYLE. To use this
+# feature you need bibtex and perl available in the search path.
+
+CITE_BIB_FILES =
+
+#---------------------------------------------------------------------------
+# configuration options related to warning and progress messages
+#---------------------------------------------------------------------------
+
+# The QUIET tag can be used to turn on/off the messages that are generated
+# by doxygen. Possible values are YES and NO. If left blank NO is used.
+
+QUIET = YES
+
+# The WARNINGS tag can be used to turn on/off the warning messages that are
+# generated by doxygen. Possible values are YES and NO. If left blank
+# NO is used.
+
+WARNINGS = YES
+
+# If WARN_IF_UNDOCUMENTED is set to YES, then doxygen will generate warnings
+# for undocumented members. If EXTRACT_ALL is set to YES then this flag will
+# automatically be disabled.
+
+WARN_IF_UNDOCUMENTED = YES
+
+# If WARN_IF_DOC_ERROR is set to YES, doxygen will generate warnings for
+# potential errors in the documentation, such as not documenting some
+# parameters in a documented function, or documenting parameters that
+# don't exist or using markup commands wrongly.
+
+WARN_IF_DOC_ERROR = YES
+
+# The WARN_NO_PARAMDOC option can be enabled to get warnings for
+# functions that are documented, but have no documentation for their parameters
+# or return value. If set to NO (the default) doxygen will only warn about
+# wrong or incomplete parameter documentation, but not about the absence of
+# documentation.
+
+WARN_NO_PARAMDOC = YES
+
+# The WARN_FORMAT tag determines the format of the warning messages that
+# doxygen can produce. The string should contain the $file, $line, and $text
+# tags, which will be replaced by the file and line number from which the
+# warning originated and the warning text. Optionally the format may contain
+# $version, which will be replaced by the version of the file (if it could
+# be obtained via FILE_VERSION_FILTER)
+
+WARN_FORMAT = "$file:$line: $text"
+
+# The WARN_LOGFILE tag can be used to specify a file to which warning
+# and error messages should be written. If left blank the output is written
+# to stderr.
+
+WARN_LOGFILE =
+
+#---------------------------------------------------------------------------
+# configuration options related to the input files
+#---------------------------------------------------------------------------
+
+# The INPUT tag can be used to specify the files and/or directories that contain
+# documented source files. You may enter file names like "myfile.cpp" or
+# directories like "/usr/src/myproject". Separate the files or directories
+# with spaces.
+
+INPUT = LuaBridge.h \
+ RefCountedObject.h \
+ RefCountedPtr.h
+
+# This tag can be used to specify the character encoding of the source files
+# that doxygen parses. Internally doxygen uses the UTF-8 encoding, which is
+# also the default input encoding. Doxygen uses libiconv (or the iconv built
+# into libc) for the transcoding. See http://www.gnu.org/software/libiconv for
+# the list of possible encodings.
+
+INPUT_ENCODING = UTF-8
+
+# If the value of the INPUT tag contains directories, you can use the
+# FILE_PATTERNS tag to specify one or more wildcard pattern (like *.cpp
+# and *.h) to filter out the source-files in the directories. If left
+# blank the following patterns are tested:
+# *.c *.cc *.cxx *.cpp *.c++ *.d *.java *.ii *.ixx *.ipp *.i++ *.inl *.h *.hh
+# *.hxx *.hpp *.h++ *.idl *.odl *.cs *.php *.php3 *.inc *.m *.mm *.dox *.py
+# *.f90 *.f *.for *.vhd *.vhdl
+
+FILE_PATTERNS = *.c \
+ *.cpp \
+ *.h \
+ *.hpp
+
+# The RECURSIVE tag can be used to turn specify whether or not subdirectories
+# should be searched for input files as well. Possible values are YES and NO.
+# If left blank NO is used.
+
+RECURSIVE = YES
+
+# The EXCLUDE tag can be used to specify files and/or directories that should be
+# excluded from the INPUT source files. This way you can easily exclude a
+# subdirectory from a directory tree whose root is specified with the INPUT tag.
+# Note that relative paths are relative to the directory from which doxygen is
+# run.
+
+EXCLUDE =
+
+# The EXCLUDE_SYMLINKS tag can be used to select whether or not files or
+# directories that are symbolic links (a Unix file system feature) are excluded
+# from the input.
+
+EXCLUDE_SYMLINKS = NO
+
+# If the value of the INPUT tag contains directories, you can use the
+# EXCLUDE_PATTERNS tag to specify one or more wildcard patterns to exclude
+# certain files from those directories. Note that the wildcards are matched
+# against the file with absolute path, so to exclude all test directories
+# for example use the pattern */test/*
+
+EXCLUDE_PATTERNS =
+
+# The EXCLUDE_SYMBOLS tag can be used to specify one or more symbol names
+# (namespaces, classes, functions, etc.) that should be excluded from the
+# output. The symbol name can be a fully qualified name, a word, or if the
+# wildcard * is used, a substring. Examples: ANamespace, AClass,
+# AClass::ANamespace, ANamespace::*Test
+
+EXCLUDE_SYMBOLS =
+
+# The EXAMPLE_PATH tag can be used to specify one or more files or
+# directories that contain example code fragments that are included (see
+# the \include command).
+
+EXAMPLE_PATH = ./
+
+# If the value of the EXAMPLE_PATH tag contains directories, you can use the
+# EXAMPLE_PATTERNS tag to specify one or more wildcard pattern (like *.cpp
+# and *.h) to filter out the source-files in the directories. If left
+# blank all files are included.
+
+EXAMPLE_PATTERNS = *
+
+# If the EXAMPLE_RECURSIVE tag is set to YES then subdirectories will be
+# searched for input files to be used with the \include or \dontinclude
+# commands irrespective of the value of the RECURSIVE tag.
+# Possible values are YES and NO. If left blank NO is used.
+
+EXAMPLE_RECURSIVE = NO
+
+# The IMAGE_PATH tag can be used to specify one or more files or
+# directories that contain image that are included in the documentation (see
+# the \image command).
+
+IMAGE_PATH =
+
+# The INPUT_FILTER tag can be used to specify a program that doxygen should
+# invoke to filter for each input file. Doxygen will invoke the filter program
+# by executing (via popen()) the command <filter> <input-file>, where <filter>
+# is the value of the INPUT_FILTER tag, and <input-file> is the name of an
+# input file. Doxygen will then use the output that the filter program writes
+# to standard output.
+# If FILTER_PATTERNS is specified, this tag will be
+# ignored.
+
+INPUT_FILTER =
+
+# The FILTER_PATTERNS tag can be used to specify filters on a per file pattern
+# basis.
+# Doxygen will compare the file name with each pattern and apply the
+# filter if there is a match.
+# The filters are a list of the form:
+# pattern=filter (like *.cpp=my_cpp_filter). See INPUT_FILTER for further
+# info on how filters are used. If FILTER_PATTERNS is empty or if
+# non of the patterns match the file name, INPUT_FILTER is applied.
+
+FILTER_PATTERNS =
+
+# If the FILTER_SOURCE_FILES tag is set to YES, the input filter (if set using
+# INPUT_FILTER) will be used to filter the input files when producing source
+# files to browse (i.e. when SOURCE_BROWSER is set to YES).
+
+FILTER_SOURCE_FILES = NO
+
+# The FILTER_SOURCE_PATTERNS tag can be used to specify source filters per file
+# pattern. A pattern will override the setting for FILTER_PATTERN (if any)
+# and it is also possible to disable source filtering for a specific pattern
+# using *.ext= (so without naming a filter). This option only has effect when
+# FILTER_SOURCE_FILES is enabled.
+
+FILTER_SOURCE_PATTERNS =
+
+#---------------------------------------------------------------------------
+# configuration options related to source browsing
+#---------------------------------------------------------------------------
+
+# If the SOURCE_BROWSER tag is set to YES then a list of source files will
+# be generated. Documented entities will be cross-referenced with these sources.
+# Note: To get rid of all source code in the generated output, make sure also
+# VERBATIM_HEADERS is set to NO.
+
+SOURCE_BROWSER = YES
+
+# Setting the INLINE_SOURCES tag to YES will include the body
+# of functions and classes directly in the documentation.
+
+INLINE_SOURCES = NO
+
+# Setting the STRIP_CODE_COMMENTS tag to YES (the default) will instruct
+# doxygen to hide any special comment blocks from generated source code
+# fragments. Normal C, C++ and Fortran comments will always remain visible.
+
+STRIP_CODE_COMMENTS = NO
+
+# If the REFERENCED_BY_RELATION tag is set to YES
+# then for each documented function all documented
+# functions referencing it will be listed.
+
+REFERENCED_BY_RELATION = NO
+
+# If the REFERENCES_RELATION tag is set to YES
+# then for each documented function all documented entities
+# called/used by that function will be listed.
+
+REFERENCES_RELATION = NO
+
+# If the REFERENCES_LINK_SOURCE tag is set to YES (the default)
+# and SOURCE_BROWSER tag is set to YES, then the hyperlinks from
+# functions in REFERENCES_RELATION and REFERENCED_BY_RELATION lists will
+# link to the source code.
+# Otherwise they will link to the documentation.
+
+REFERENCES_LINK_SOURCE = YES
+
+# If the USE_HTAGS tag is set to YES then the references to source code
+# will point to the HTML generated by the htags(1) tool instead of doxygen
+# built-in source browser. The htags tool is part of GNU's global source
+# tagging system (see http://www.gnu.org/software/global/global.html). You
+# will need version 4.8.6 or higher.
+
+USE_HTAGS = NO
+
+# If the VERBATIM_HEADERS tag is set to YES (the default) then Doxygen
+# will generate a verbatim copy of the header file for each class for
+# which an include is specified. Set to NO to disable this.
+
+VERBATIM_HEADERS = NO
+
+#---------------------------------------------------------------------------
+# configuration options related to the alphabetical class index
+#---------------------------------------------------------------------------
+
+# If the ALPHABETICAL_INDEX tag is set to YES, an alphabetical index
+# of all compounds will be generated. Enable this if the project
+# contains a lot of classes, structs, unions or interfaces.
+
+ALPHABETICAL_INDEX = NO
+
+# If the alphabetical index is enabled (see ALPHABETICAL_INDEX) then
+# the COLS_IN_ALPHA_INDEX tag can be used to specify the number of columns
+# in which this list will be split (can be a number in the range [1..20])
+
+COLS_IN_ALPHA_INDEX = 5
+
+# In case all classes in a project start with a common prefix, all
+# classes will be put under the same header in the alphabetical index.
+# The IGNORE_PREFIX tag can be used to specify one or more prefixes that
+# should be ignored while generating the index headers.
+
+IGNORE_PREFIX =
+
+#---------------------------------------------------------------------------
+# configuration options related to the HTML output
+#---------------------------------------------------------------------------
+
+# If the GENERATE_HTML tag is set to YES (the default) Doxygen will
+# generate HTML output.
+
+GENERATE_HTML = YES
+
+# The HTML_OUTPUT tag is used to specify where the HTML docs will be put.
+# If a relative path is entered the value of OUTPUT_DIRECTORY will be
+# put in front of it. If left blank `html' will be used as the default path.
+
+HTML_OUTPUT = Documentation
+
+# The HTML_FILE_EXTENSION tag can be used to specify the file extension for
+# each generated HTML page (for example: .htm,.php,.asp). If it is left blank
+# doxygen will generate files with .html extension.
+
+HTML_FILE_EXTENSION = .html
+
+# The HTML_HEADER tag can be used to specify a personal HTML header for
+# each generated HTML page. If it is left blank doxygen will generate a
+# standard header. Note that when using a custom header you are responsible
+# for the proper inclusion of any scripts and style sheets that doxygen
+# needs, which is dependent on the configuration options used.
+# It is advised to generate a default header using "doxygen -w html
+# header.html footer.html stylesheet.css YourConfigFile" and then modify
+# that header. Note that the header is subject to change so you typically
+# have to redo this when upgrading to a newer version of doxygen or when
+# changing the value of configuration settings such as GENERATE_TREEVIEW!
+
+HTML_HEADER =
+
+# The HTML_FOOTER tag can be used to specify a personal HTML footer for
+# each generated HTML page. If it is left blank doxygen will generate a
+# standard footer.
+
+HTML_FOOTER =
+
+# The HTML_STYLESHEET tag can be used to specify a user-defined cascading
+# style sheet that is used by each HTML page. It can be used to
+# fine-tune the look of the HTML output. If the tag is left blank doxygen
+# will generate a default style sheet. Note that doxygen will try to copy
+# the style sheet file to the HTML output directory, so don't put your own
+# style sheet in the HTML output directory as well, or it will be erased!
+
+HTML_STYLESHEET =
+
+# The HTML_EXTRA_FILES tag can be used to specify one or more extra images or
+# other source files which should be copied to the HTML output directory. Note
+# that these files will be copied to the base HTML output directory. Use the
+# $relpath$ marker in the HTML_HEADER and/or HTML_FOOTER files to load these
+# files. In the HTML_STYLESHEET file, use the file name only. Also note that
+# the files will be copied as-is; there are no commands or markers available.
+
+HTML_EXTRA_FILES =
+
+# The HTML_COLORSTYLE_HUE tag controls the color of the HTML output.
+# Doxygen will adjust the colors in the style sheet and background images
+# according to this color. Hue is specified as an angle on a colorwheel,
+# see http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hue for more information.
+# For instance the value 0 represents red, 60 is yellow, 120 is green,
+# 180 is cyan, 240 is blue, 300 purple, and 360 is red again.
+# The allowed range is 0 to 359.
+
+HTML_COLORSTYLE_HUE = 240
+
+# The HTML_COLORSTYLE_SAT tag controls the purity (or saturation) of
+# the colors in the HTML output. For a value of 0 the output will use
+# grayscales only. A value of 255 will produce the most vivid colors.
+
+HTML_COLORSTYLE_SAT = 64
+
+# The HTML_COLORSTYLE_GAMMA tag controls the gamma correction applied to
+# the luminance component of the colors in the HTML output. Values below
+# 100 gradually make the output lighter, whereas values above 100 make
+# the output darker. The value divided by 100 is the actual gamma applied,
+# so 80 represents a gamma of 0.8, The value 220 represents a gamma of 2.2,
+# and 100 does not change the gamma.
+
+HTML_COLORSTYLE_GAMMA = 80
+
+# If the HTML_TIMESTAMP tag is set to YES then the footer of each generated HTML
+# page will contain the date and time when the page was generated. Setting
+# this to NO can help when comparing the output of multiple runs.
+
+HTML_TIMESTAMP = NO
+
+# If the HTML_DYNAMIC_SECTIONS tag is set to YES then the generated HTML
+# documentation will contain sections that can be hidden and shown after the
+# page has loaded.
+
+HTML_DYNAMIC_SECTIONS = NO
+
+# With HTML_INDEX_NUM_ENTRIES one can control the preferred number of
+# entries shown in the various tree structured indices initially; the user
+# can expand and collapse entries dynamically later on. Doxygen will expand
+# the tree to such a level that at most the specified number of entries are
+# visible (unless a fully collapsed tree already exceeds this amount).
+# So setting the number of entries 1 will produce a full collapsed tree by
+# default. 0 is a special value representing an infinite number of entries
+# and will result in a full expanded tree by default.
+
+HTML_INDEX_NUM_ENTRIES = 100
+
+# If the GENERATE_DOCSET tag is set to YES, additional index files
+# will be generated that can be used as input for Apple's Xcode 3
+# integrated development environment, introduced with OSX 10.5 (Leopard).
+# To create a documentation set, doxygen will generate a Makefile in the
+# HTML output directory. Running make will produce the docset in that
+# directory and running "make install" will install the docset in
+# ~/Library/Developer/Shared/Documentation/DocSets so that Xcode will find
+# it at startup.
+# See http://developer.apple.com/tools/creatingdocsetswithdoxygen.html
+# for more information.
+
+GENERATE_DOCSET = NO
+
+# When GENERATE_DOCSET tag is set to YES, this tag determines the name of the
+# feed. A documentation feed provides an umbrella under which multiple
+# documentation sets from a single provider (such as a company or product suite)
+# can be grouped.
+
+DOCSET_FEEDNAME = "Doxygen generated docs"
+
+# When GENERATE_DOCSET tag is set to YES, this tag specifies a string that
+# should uniquely identify the documentation set bundle. This should be a
+# reverse domain-name style string, e.g. com.mycompany.MyDocSet. Doxygen
+# will append .docset to the name.
+
+DOCSET_BUNDLE_ID = org.doxygen.Project
+
+# When GENERATE_PUBLISHER_ID tag specifies a string that should uniquely identify
+# the documentation publisher. This should be a reverse domain-name style
+# string, e.g. com.mycompany.MyDocSet.documentation.
+
+DOCSET_PUBLISHER_ID = org.doxygen.Publisher
+
+# The GENERATE_PUBLISHER_NAME tag identifies the documentation publisher.
+
+DOCSET_PUBLISHER_NAME = Publisher
+
+# If the GENERATE_HTMLHELP tag is set to YES, additional index files
+# will be generated that can be used as input for tools like the
+# Microsoft HTML help workshop to generate a compiled HTML help file (.chm)
+# of the generated HTML documentation.
+
+GENERATE_HTMLHELP = NO
+
+# If the GENERATE_HTMLHELP tag is set to YES, the CHM_FILE tag can
+# be used to specify the file name of the resulting .chm file. You
+# can add a path in front of the file if the result should not be
+# written to the html output directory.
+
+CHM_FILE =
+
+# If the GENERATE_HTMLHELP tag is set to YES, the HHC_LOCATION tag can
+# be used to specify the location (absolute path including file name) of
+# the HTML help compiler (hhc.exe). If non-empty doxygen will try to run
+# the HTML help compiler on the generated index.hhp.
+
+HHC_LOCATION =
+
+# If the GENERATE_HTMLHELP tag is set to YES, the GENERATE_CHI flag
+# controls if a separate .chi index file is generated (YES) or that
+# it should be included in the master .chm file (NO).
+
+GENERATE_CHI = NO
+
+# If the GENERATE_HTMLHELP tag is set to YES, the CHM_INDEX_ENCODING
+# is used to encode HtmlHelp index (hhk), content (hhc) and project file
+# content.
+
+CHM_INDEX_ENCODING =
+
+# If the GENERATE_HTMLHELP tag is set to YES, the BINARY_TOC flag
+# controls whether a binary table of contents is generated (YES) or a
+# normal table of contents (NO) in the .chm file.
+
+BINARY_TOC = NO
+
+# The TOC_EXPAND flag can be set to YES to add extra items for group members
+# to the contents of the HTML help documentation and to the tree view.
+
+TOC_EXPAND = NO
+
+# If the GENERATE_QHP tag is set to YES and both QHP_NAMESPACE and
+# QHP_VIRTUAL_FOLDER are set, an additional index file will be generated
+# that can be used as input for Qt's qhelpgenerator to generate a
+# Qt Compressed Help (.qch) of the generated HTML documentation.
+
+GENERATE_QHP = NO
+
+# If the QHG_LOCATION tag is specified, the QCH_FILE tag can
+# be used to specify the file name of the resulting .qch file.
+# The path specified is relative to the HTML output folder.
+
+QCH_FILE =
+
+# The QHP_NAMESPACE tag specifies the namespace to use when generating
+# Qt Help Project output. For more information please see
+# http://doc.trolltech.com/qthelpproject.html#namespace
+
+QHP_NAMESPACE = org.doxygen.Project
+
+# The QHP_VIRTUAL_FOLDER tag specifies the namespace to use when generating
+# Qt Help Project output. For more information please see
+# http://doc.trolltech.com/qthelpproject.html#virtual-folders
+
+QHP_VIRTUAL_FOLDER = doc
+
+# If QHP_CUST_FILTER_NAME is set, it specifies the name of a custom filter to
+# add. For more information please see
+# http://doc.trolltech.com/qthelpproject.html#custom-filters
+
+QHP_CUST_FILTER_NAME =
+
+# The QHP_CUST_FILT_ATTRS tag specifies the list of the attributes of the
+# custom filter to add. For more information please see
+# <a href="http://doc.trolltech.com/qthelpproject.html#custom-filters">
+# Qt Help Project / Custom Filters</a>.
+
+QHP_CUST_FILTER_ATTRS =
+
+# The QHP_SECT_FILTER_ATTRS tag specifies the list of the attributes this
+# project's
+# filter section matches.
+# <a href="http://doc.trolltech.com/qthelpproject.html#filter-attributes">
+# Qt Help Project / Filter Attributes</a>.
+
+QHP_SECT_FILTER_ATTRS =
+
+# If the GENERATE_QHP tag is set to YES, the QHG_LOCATION tag can
+# be used to specify the location of Qt's qhelpgenerator.
+# If non-empty doxygen will try to run qhelpgenerator on the generated
+# .qhp file.
+
+QHG_LOCATION =
+
+# If the GENERATE_ECLIPSEHELP tag is set to YES, additional index files
+# will be generated, which together with the HTML files, form an Eclipse help
+# plugin. To install this plugin and make it available under the help contents
+# menu in Eclipse, the contents of the directory containing the HTML and XML
+# files needs to be copied into the plugins directory of eclipse. The name of
+# the directory within the plugins directory should be the same as
+# the ECLIPSE_DOC_ID value. After copying Eclipse needs to be restarted before
+# the help appears.
+
+GENERATE_ECLIPSEHELP = NO
+
+# A unique identifier for the eclipse help plugin. When installing the plugin
+# the directory name containing the HTML and XML files should also have
+# this name.
+
+ECLIPSE_DOC_ID = org.doxygen.Project
+
+# The DISABLE_INDEX tag can be used to turn on/off the condensed index (tabs)
+# at top of each HTML page. The value NO (the default) enables the index and
+# the value YES disables it. Since the tabs have the same information as the
+# navigation tree you can set this option to NO if you already set
+# GENERATE_TREEVIEW to YES.
+
+DISABLE_INDEX = NO
+
+# The GENERATE_TREEVIEW tag is used to specify whether a tree-like index
+# structure should be generated to display hierarchical information.
+# If the tag value is set to YES, a side panel will be generated
+# containing a tree-like index structure (just like the one that
+# is generated for HTML Help). For this to work a browser that supports
+# JavaScript, DHTML, CSS and frames is required (i.e. any modern browser).
+# Windows users are probably better off using the HTML help feature.
+# Since the tree basically has the same information as the tab index you
+# could consider to set DISABLE_INDEX to NO when enabling this option.
+
+GENERATE_TREEVIEW = NO
+
+# The ENUM_VALUES_PER_LINE tag can be used to set the number of enum values
+# (range [0,1..20]) that doxygen will group on one line in the generated HTML
+# documentation. Note that a value of 0 will completely suppress the enum
+# values from appearing in the overview section.
+
+ENUM_VALUES_PER_LINE = 4
+
+# If the treeview is enabled (see GENERATE_TREEVIEW) then this tag can be
+# used to set the initial width (in pixels) of the frame in which the tree
+# is shown.
+
+TREEVIEW_WIDTH = 250
+
+# When the EXT_LINKS_IN_WINDOW option is set to YES doxygen will open
+# links to external symbols imported via tag files in a separate window.
+
+EXT_LINKS_IN_WINDOW = NO
+
+# Use this tag to change the font size of Latex formulas included
+# as images in the HTML documentation. The default is 10. Note that
+# when you change the font size after a successful doxygen run you need
+# to manually remove any form_*.png images from the HTML output directory
+# to force them to be regenerated.
+
+FORMULA_FONTSIZE = 10
+
+# Use the FORMULA_TRANPARENT tag to determine whether or not the images
+# generated for formulas are transparent PNGs. Transparent PNGs are
+# not supported properly for IE 6.0, but are supported on all modern browsers.
+# Note that when changing this option you need to delete any form_*.png files
+# in the HTML output before the changes have effect.
+
+FORMULA_TRANSPARENT = YES
+
+# Enable the USE_MATHJAX option to render LaTeX formulas using MathJax
+# (see http://www.mathjax.org) which uses client side Javascript for the
+# rendering instead of using prerendered bitmaps. Use this if you do not
+# have LaTeX installed or if you want to formulas look prettier in the HTML
+# output. When enabled you may also need to install MathJax separately and
+# configure the path to it using the MATHJAX_RELPATH option.
+
+USE_MATHJAX = NO
+
+# When MathJax is enabled you need to specify the location relative to the
+# HTML output directory using the MATHJAX_RELPATH option. The destination
+# directory should contain the MathJax.js script. For instance, if the mathjax
+# directory is located at the same level as the HTML output directory, then
+# MATHJAX_RELPATH should be ../mathjax. The default value points to
+# the MathJax Content Delivery Network so you can quickly see the result without
+# installing MathJax.
+# However, it is strongly recommended to install a local
+# copy of MathJax from http://www.mathjax.org before deployment.
+
+MATHJAX_RELPATH = http://cdn.mathjax.org/mathjax/latest
+
+# The MATHJAX_EXTENSIONS tag can be used to specify one or MathJax extension
+# names that should be enabled during MathJax rendering.
+
+MATHJAX_EXTENSIONS =
+
+# When the SEARCHENGINE tag is enabled doxygen will generate a search box
+# for the HTML output. The underlying search engine uses javascript
+# and DHTML and should work on any modern browser. Note that when using
+# HTML help (GENERATE_HTMLHELP), Qt help (GENERATE_QHP), or docsets
+# (GENERATE_DOCSET) there is already a search function so this one should
+# typically be disabled. For large projects the javascript based search engine
+# can be slow, then enabling SERVER_BASED_SEARCH may provide a better solution.
+
+SEARCHENGINE = YES
+
+# When the SERVER_BASED_SEARCH tag is enabled the search engine will be
+# implemented using a PHP enabled web server instead of at the web client
+# using Javascript. Doxygen will generate the search PHP script and index
+# file to put on the web server. The advantage of the server
+# based approach is that it scales better to large projects and allows
+# full text search. The disadvantages are that it is more difficult to setup
+# and does not have live searching capabilities.
+
+SERVER_BASED_SEARCH = NO
+
+#---------------------------------------------------------------------------
+# configuration options related to the LaTeX output
+#---------------------------------------------------------------------------
+
+# If the GENERATE_LATEX tag is set to YES (the default) Doxygen will
+# generate Latex output.
+
+GENERATE_LATEX = NO
+
+# The LATEX_OUTPUT tag is used to specify where the LaTeX docs will be put.
+# If a relative path is entered the value of OUTPUT_DIRECTORY will be
+# put in front of it. If left blank `latex' will be used as the default path.
+
+LATEX_OUTPUT = latex
+
+# The LATEX_CMD_NAME tag can be used to specify the LaTeX command name to be
+# invoked. If left blank `latex' will be used as the default command name.
+# Note that when enabling USE_PDFLATEX this option is only used for
+# generating bitmaps for formulas in the HTML output, but not in the
+# Makefile that is written to the output directory.
+
+LATEX_CMD_NAME = latex
+
+# The MAKEINDEX_CMD_NAME tag can be used to specify the command name to
+# generate index for LaTeX. If left blank `makeindex' will be used as the
+# default command name.
+
+MAKEINDEX_CMD_NAME = makeindex
+
+# If the COMPACT_LATEX tag is set to YES Doxygen generates more compact
+# LaTeX documents. This may be useful for small projects and may help to
+# save some trees in general.
+
+COMPACT_LATEX = NO
+
+# The PAPER_TYPE tag can be used to set the paper type that is used
+# by the printer. Possible values are: a4, letter, legal and
+# executive. If left blank a4wide will be used.
+
+PAPER_TYPE = a4
+
+# The EXTRA_PACKAGES tag can be to specify one or more names of LaTeX
+# packages that should be included in the LaTeX output.
+
+EXTRA_PACKAGES =
+
+# The LATEX_HEADER tag can be used to specify a personal LaTeX header for
+# the generated latex document. The header should contain everything until
+# the first chapter. If it is left blank doxygen will generate a
+# standard header. Notice: only use this tag if you know what you are doing!
+
+LATEX_HEADER =
+
+# The LATEX_FOOTER tag can be used to specify a personal LaTeX footer for
+# the generated latex document. The footer should contain everything after
+# the last chapter. If it is left blank doxygen will generate a
+# standard footer. Notice: only use this tag if you know what you are doing!
+
+LATEX_FOOTER =
+
+# If the PDF_HYPERLINKS tag is set to YES, the LaTeX that is generated
+# is prepared for conversion to pdf (using ps2pdf). The pdf file will
+# contain links (just like the HTML output) instead of page references
+# This makes the output suitable for online browsing using a pdf viewer.
+
+PDF_HYPERLINKS = YES
+
+# If the USE_PDFLATEX tag is set to YES, pdflatex will be used instead of
+# plain latex in the generated Makefile. Set this option to YES to get a
+# higher quality PDF documentation.
+
+USE_PDFLATEX = YES
+
+# If the LATEX_BATCHMODE tag is set to YES, doxygen will add the \\batchmode.
+# command to the generated LaTeX files. This will instruct LaTeX to keep
+# running if errors occur, instead of asking the user for help.
+# This option is also used when generating formulas in HTML.
+
+LATEX_BATCHMODE = NO
+
+# If LATEX_HIDE_INDICES is set to YES then doxygen will not
+# include the index chapters (such as File Index, Compound Index, etc.)
+# in the output.
+
+LATEX_HIDE_INDICES = NO
+
+# If LATEX_SOURCE_CODE is set to YES then doxygen will include
+# source code with syntax highlighting in the LaTeX output.
+# Note that which sources are shown also depends on other settings
+# such as SOURCE_BROWSER.
+
+LATEX_SOURCE_CODE = NO
+
+# The LATEX_BIB_STYLE tag can be used to specify the style to use for the
+# bibliography, e.g. plainnat, or ieeetr. The default style is "plain". See
+# http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/BibTeX for more info.
+
+LATEX_BIB_STYLE = plain
+
+#---------------------------------------------------------------------------
+# configuration options related to the RTF output
+#---------------------------------------------------------------------------
+
+# If the GENERATE_RTF tag is set to YES Doxygen will generate RTF output
+# The RTF output is optimized for Word 97 and may not look very pretty with
+# other RTF readers or editors.
+
+GENERATE_RTF = NO
+
+# The RTF_OUTPUT tag is used to specify where the RTF docs will be put.
+# If a relative path is entered the value of OUTPUT_DIRECTORY will be
+# put in front of it. If left blank `rtf' will be used as the default path.
+
+RTF_OUTPUT = rtf
+
+# If the COMPACT_RTF tag is set to YES Doxygen generates more compact
+# RTF documents. This may be useful for small projects and may help to
+# save some trees in general.
+
+COMPACT_RTF = NO
+
+# If the RTF_HYPERLINKS tag is set to YES, the RTF that is generated
+# will contain hyperlink fields. The RTF file will
+# contain links (just like the HTML output) instead of page references.
+# This makes the output suitable for online browsing using WORD or other
+# programs which support those fields.
+# Note: wordpad (write) and others do not support links.
+
+RTF_HYPERLINKS = NO
+
+# Load style sheet definitions from file. Syntax is similar to doxygen's
+# config file, i.e. a series of assignments. You only have to provide
+# replacements, missing definitions are set to their default value.
+
+RTF_STYLESHEET_FILE =
+
+# Set optional variables used in the generation of an rtf document.
+# Syntax is similar to doxygen's config file.
+
+RTF_EXTENSIONS_FILE =
+
+#---------------------------------------------------------------------------
+# configuration options related to the man page output
+#---------------------------------------------------------------------------
+
+# If the GENERATE_MAN tag is set to YES (the default) Doxygen will
+# generate man pages
+
+GENERATE_MAN = NO
+
+# The MAN_OUTPUT tag is used to specify where the man pages will be put.
+# If a relative path is entered the value of OUTPUT_DIRECTORY will be
+# put in front of it. If left blank `man' will be used as the default path.
+
+MAN_OUTPUT = man
+
+# The MAN_EXTENSION tag determines the extension that is added to
+# the generated man pages (default is the subroutine's section .3)
+
+MAN_EXTENSION = .3
+
+# If the MAN_LINKS tag is set to YES and Doxygen generates man output,
+# then it will generate one additional man file for each entity
+# documented in the real man page(s). These additional files
+# only source the real man page, but without them the man command
+# would be unable to find the correct page. The default is NO.
+
+MAN_LINKS = NO
+
+#---------------------------------------------------------------------------
+# configuration options related to the XML output
+#---------------------------------------------------------------------------
+
+# If the GENERATE_XML tag is set to YES Doxygen will
+# generate an XML file that captures the structure of
+# the code including all documentation.
+
+GENERATE_XML = NO
+
+# The XML_OUTPUT tag is used to specify where the XML pages will be put.
+# If a relative path is entered the value of OUTPUT_DIRECTORY will be
+# put in front of it. If left blank `xml' will be used as the default path.
+
+XML_OUTPUT = xml
+
+# The XML_SCHEMA tag can be used to specify an XML schema,
+# which can be used by a validating XML parser to check the
+# syntax of the XML files.
+
+XML_SCHEMA =
+
+# The XML_DTD tag can be used to specify an XML DTD,
+# which can be used by a validating XML parser to check the
+# syntax of the XML files.
+
+XML_DTD =
+
+# If the XML_PROGRAMLISTING tag is set to YES Doxygen will
+# dump the program listings (including syntax highlighting
+# and cross-referencing information) to the XML output. Note that
+# enabling this will significantly increase the size of the XML output.
+
+XML_PROGRAMLISTING = YES
+
+#---------------------------------------------------------------------------
+# configuration options for the AutoGen Definitions output
+#---------------------------------------------------------------------------
+
+# If the GENERATE_AUTOGEN_DEF tag is set to YES Doxygen will
+# generate an AutoGen Definitions (see autogen.sf.net) file
+# that captures the structure of the code including all
+# documentation. Note that this feature is still experimental
+# and incomplete at the moment.
+
+GENERATE_AUTOGEN_DEF = NO
+
+#---------------------------------------------------------------------------
+# configuration options related to the Perl module output
+#---------------------------------------------------------------------------
+
+# If the GENERATE_PERLMOD tag is set to YES Doxygen will
+# generate a Perl module file that captures the structure of
+# the code including all documentation. Note that this
+# feature is still experimental and incomplete at the
+# moment.
+
+GENERATE_PERLMOD = NO
+
+# If the PERLMOD_LATEX tag is set to YES Doxygen will generate
+# the necessary Makefile rules, Perl scripts and LaTeX code to be able
+# to generate PDF and DVI output from the Perl module output.
+
+PERLMOD_LATEX = NO
+
+# If the PERLMOD_PRETTY tag is set to YES the Perl module output will be
+# nicely formatted so it can be parsed by a human reader.
+# This is useful
+# if you want to understand what is going on.
+# On the other hand, if this
+# tag is set to NO the size of the Perl module output will be much smaller
+# and Perl will parse it just the same.
+
+PERLMOD_PRETTY = YES
+
+# The names of the make variables in the generated doxyrules.make file
+# are prefixed with the string contained in PERLMOD_MAKEVAR_PREFIX.
+# This is useful so different doxyrules.make files included by the same
+# Makefile don't overwrite each other's variables.
+
+PERLMOD_MAKEVAR_PREFIX =
+
+#---------------------------------------------------------------------------
+# Configuration options related to the preprocessor
+#---------------------------------------------------------------------------
+
+# If the ENABLE_PREPROCESSING tag is set to YES (the default) Doxygen will
+# evaluate all C-preprocessor directives found in the sources and include
+# files.
+
+ENABLE_PREPROCESSING = YES
+
+# If the MACRO_EXPANSION tag is set to YES Doxygen will expand all macro
+# names in the source code. If set to NO (the default) only conditional
+# compilation will be performed. Macro expansion can be done in a controlled
+# way by setting EXPAND_ONLY_PREDEF to YES.
+
+MACRO_EXPANSION = NO
+
+# If the EXPAND_ONLY_PREDEF and MACRO_EXPANSION tags are both set to YES
+# then the macro expansion is limited to the macros specified with the
+# PREDEFINED and EXPAND_AS_DEFINED tags.
+
+EXPAND_ONLY_PREDEF = NO
+
+# If the SEARCH_INCLUDES tag is set to YES (the default) the includes files
+# pointed to by INCLUDE_PATH will be searched when a #include is found.
+
+SEARCH_INCLUDES = NO
+
+# The INCLUDE_PATH tag can be used to specify one or more directories that
+# contain include files that are not input files but should be processed by
+# the preprocessor.
+
+INCLUDE_PATH =
+
+# You can use the INCLUDE_FILE_PATTERNS tag to specify one or more wildcard
+# patterns (like *.h and *.hpp) to filter out the header-files in the
+# directories. If left blank, the patterns specified with FILE_PATTERNS will
+# be used.
+
+INCLUDE_FILE_PATTERNS =
+
+# The PREDEFINED tag can be used to specify one or more macro names that
+# are defined before the preprocessor is started (similar to the -D option of
+# gcc). The argument of the tag is a list of macros of the form: name
+# or name=definition (no spaces). If the definition and the = are
+# omitted =1 is assumed. To prevent a macro definition from being
+# undefined via #undef or recursively expanded use the := operator
+# instead of the = operator.
+
+PREDEFINED = WIN32 \
+ = \
+ 1
+
+# If the MACRO_EXPANSION and EXPAND_ONLY_PREDEF tags are set to YES then
+# this tag can be used to specify a list of macro names that should be expanded.
+# The macro definition that is found in the sources will be used.
+# Use the PREDEFINED tag if you want to use a different macro definition that
+# overrules the definition found in the source code.
+
+EXPAND_AS_DEFINED =
+
+# If the SKIP_FUNCTION_MACROS tag is set to YES (the default) then
+# doxygen's preprocessor will remove all references to function-like macros
+# that are alone on a line, have an all uppercase name, and do not end with a
+# semicolon, because these will confuse the parser if not removed.
+
+SKIP_FUNCTION_MACROS = YES
+
+#---------------------------------------------------------------------------
+# Configuration::additions related to external references
+#---------------------------------------------------------------------------
+
+# The TAGFILES option can be used to specify one or more tagfiles. For each
+# tag file the location of the external documentation should be added. The
+# format of a tag file without this location is as follows:
+#
+# TAGFILES = file1 file2 ...
+# Adding location for the tag files is done as follows:
+#
+# TAGFILES = file1=loc1 "file2 = loc2" ...
+# where "loc1" and "loc2" can be relative or absolute paths
+# or URLs. Note that each tag file must have a unique name (where the name does
+# NOT include the path). If a tag file is not located in the directory in which
+# doxygen is run, you must also specify the path to the tagfile here.
+
+TAGFILES =
+
+# When a file name is specified after GENERATE_TAGFILE, doxygen will create
+# a tag file that is based on the input files it reads.
+
+GENERATE_TAGFILE =
+
+# If the ALLEXTERNALS tag is set to YES all external classes will be listed
+# in the class index. If set to NO only the inherited external classes
+# will be listed.
+
+ALLEXTERNALS = NO
+
+# If the EXTERNAL_GROUPS tag is set to YES all external groups will be listed
+# in the modules index. If set to NO, only the current project's groups will
+# be listed.
+
+EXTERNAL_GROUPS = YES
+
+# The PERL_PATH should be the absolute path and name of the perl script
+# interpreter (i.e. the result of `which perl').
+
+PERL_PATH = /bin/perl
+
+#---------------------------------------------------------------------------
+# Configuration options related to the dot tool
+#---------------------------------------------------------------------------
+
+# If the CLASS_DIAGRAMS tag is set to YES (the default) Doxygen will
+# generate a inheritance diagram (in HTML, RTF and LaTeX) for classes with base
+# or super classes. Setting the tag to NO turns the diagrams off. Note that
+# this option also works with HAVE_DOT disabled, but it is recommended to
+# install and use dot, since it yields more powerful graphs.
+
+CLASS_DIAGRAMS = NO
+
+# You can define message sequence charts within doxygen comments using the \msc
+# command. Doxygen will then run the mscgen tool (see
+# http://www.mcternan.me.uk/mscgen/) to produce the chart and insert it in the
+# documentation. The MSCGEN_PATH tag allows you to specify the directory where
+# the mscgen tool resides. If left empty the tool is assumed to be found in the
+# default search path.
+
+MSCGEN_PATH =
+
+# If set to YES, the inheritance and collaboration graphs will hide
+# inheritance and usage relations if the target is undocumented
+# or is not a class.
+
+HIDE_UNDOC_RELATIONS = YES
+
+# If you set the HAVE_DOT tag to YES then doxygen will assume the dot tool is
+# available from the path. This tool is part of Graphviz, a graph visualization
+# toolkit from AT&T and Lucent Bell Labs. The other options in this section
+# have no effect if this option is set to NO (the default)
+
+HAVE_DOT = NO
+
+# The DOT_NUM_THREADS specifies the number of dot invocations doxygen is
+# allowed to run in parallel. When set to 0 (the default) doxygen will
+# base this on the number of processors available in the system. You can set it
+# explicitly to a value larger than 0 to get control over the balance
+# between CPU load and processing speed.
+
+DOT_NUM_THREADS = 0
+
+# By default doxygen will use the Helvetica font for all dot files that
+# doxygen generates. When you want a differently looking font you can specify
+# the font name using DOT_FONTNAME. You need to make sure dot is able to find
+# the font, which can be done by putting it in a standard location or by setting
+# the DOTFONTPATH environment variable or by setting DOT_FONTPATH to the
+# directory containing the font.
+
+DOT_FONTNAME = Helvetica
+
+# The DOT_FONTSIZE tag can be used to set the size of the font of dot graphs.
+# The default size is 10pt.
+
+DOT_FONTSIZE = 10
+
+# By default doxygen will tell dot to use the Helvetica font.
+# If you specify a different font using DOT_FONTNAME you can use DOT_FONTPATH to
+# set the path where dot can find it.
+
+DOT_FONTPATH =
+
+# If the CLASS_GRAPH and HAVE_DOT tags are set to YES then doxygen
+# will generate a graph for each documented class showing the direct and
+# indirect inheritance relations. Setting this tag to YES will force the
+# CLASS_DIAGRAMS tag to NO.
+
+CLASS_GRAPH = YES
+
+# If the COLLABORATION_GRAPH and HAVE_DOT tags are set to YES then doxygen
+# will generate a graph for each documented class showing the direct and
+# indirect implementation dependencies (inheritance, containment, and
+# class references variables) of the class with other documented classes.
+
+COLLABORATION_GRAPH = YES
+
+# If the GROUP_GRAPHS and HAVE_DOT tags are set to YES then doxygen
+# will generate a graph for groups, showing the direct groups dependencies
+
+GROUP_GRAPHS = YES
+
+# If the UML_LOOK tag is set to YES doxygen will generate inheritance and
+# collaboration diagrams in a style similar to the OMG's Unified Modeling
+# Language.
+
+UML_LOOK = NO
+
+# If the UML_LOOK tag is enabled, the fields and methods are shown inside
+# the class node. If there are many fields or methods and many nodes the
+# graph may become too big to be useful. The UML_LIMIT_NUM_FIELDS
+# threshold limits the number of items for each type to make the size more
+# managable. Set this to 0 for no limit. Note that the threshold may be
+# exceeded by 50% before the limit is enforced.
+
+UML_LIMIT_NUM_FIELDS = 10
+
+# If set to YES, the inheritance and collaboration graphs will show the
+# relations between templates and their instances.
+
+TEMPLATE_RELATIONS = NO
+
+# If the ENABLE_PREPROCESSING, SEARCH_INCLUDES, INCLUDE_GRAPH, and HAVE_DOT
+# tags are set to YES then doxygen will generate a graph for each documented
+# file showing the direct and indirect include dependencies of the file with
+# other documented files.
+
+INCLUDE_GRAPH = YES
+
+# If the ENABLE_PREPROCESSING, SEARCH_INCLUDES, INCLUDED_BY_GRAPH, and
+# HAVE_DOT tags are set to YES then doxygen will generate a graph for each
+# documented header file showing the documented files that directly or
+# indirectly include this file.
+
+INCLUDED_BY_GRAPH = YES
+
+# If the CALL_GRAPH and HAVE_DOT options are set to YES then
+# doxygen will generate a call dependency graph for every global function
+# or class method. Note that enabling this option will significantly increase
+# the time of a run. So in most cases it will be better to enable call graphs
+# for selected functions only using the \callgraph command.
+
+CALL_GRAPH = NO
+
+# If the CALLER_GRAPH and HAVE_DOT tags are set to YES then
+# doxygen will generate a caller dependency graph for every global function
+# or class method. Note that enabling this option will significantly increase
+# the time of a run. So in most cases it will be better to enable caller
+# graphs for selected functions only using the \callergraph command.
+
+CALLER_GRAPH = NO
+
+# If the GRAPHICAL_HIERARCHY and HAVE_DOT tags are set to YES then doxygen
+# will generate a graphical hierarchy of all classes instead of a textual one.
+
+GRAPHICAL_HIERARCHY = YES
+
+# If the DIRECTORY_GRAPH and HAVE_DOT tags are set to YES
+# then doxygen will show the dependencies a directory has on other directories
+# in a graphical way. The dependency relations are determined by the #include
+# relations between the files in the directories.
+
+DIRECTORY_GRAPH = YES
+
+# The DOT_IMAGE_FORMAT tag can be used to set the image format of the images
+# generated by dot. Possible values are svg, png, jpg, or gif.
+# If left blank png will be used. If you choose svg you need to set
+# HTML_FILE_EXTENSION to xhtml in order to make the SVG files
+# visible in IE 9+ (other browsers do not have this requirement).
+
+DOT_IMAGE_FORMAT = png
+
+# If DOT_IMAGE_FORMAT is set to svg, then this option can be set to YES to
+# enable generation of interactive SVG images that allow zooming and panning.
+# Note that this requires a modern browser other than Internet Explorer.
+# Tested and working are Firefox, Chrome, Safari, and Opera. For IE 9+ you
+# need to set HTML_FILE_EXTENSION to xhtml in order to make the SVG files
+# visible. Older versions of IE do not have SVG support.
+
+INTERACTIVE_SVG = NO
+
+# The tag DOT_PATH can be used to specify the path where the dot tool can be
+# found. If left blank, it is assumed the dot tool can be found in the path.
+
+DOT_PATH =
+
+# The DOTFILE_DIRS tag can be used to specify one or more directories that
+# contain dot files that are included in the documentation (see the
+# \dotfile command).
+
+DOTFILE_DIRS =
+
+# The MSCFILE_DIRS tag can be used to specify one or more directories that
+# contain msc files that are included in the documentation (see the
+# \mscfile command).
+
+MSCFILE_DIRS =
+
+# The DOT_GRAPH_MAX_NODES tag can be used to set the maximum number of
+# nodes that will be shown in the graph. If the number of nodes in a graph
+# becomes larger than this value, doxygen will truncate the graph, which is
+# visualized by representing a node as a red box. Note that doxygen if the
+# number of direct children of the root node in a graph is already larger than
+# DOT_GRAPH_MAX_NODES then the graph will not be shown at all. Also note
+# that the size of a graph can be further restricted by MAX_DOT_GRAPH_DEPTH.
+
+DOT_GRAPH_MAX_NODES = 50
+
+# The MAX_DOT_GRAPH_DEPTH tag can be used to set the maximum depth of the
+# graphs generated by dot. A depth value of 3 means that only nodes reachable
+# from the root by following a path via at most 3 edges will be shown. Nodes
+# that lay further from the root node will be omitted. Note that setting this
+# option to 1 or 2 may greatly reduce the computation time needed for large
+# code bases. Also note that the size of a graph can be further restricted by
+# DOT_GRAPH_MAX_NODES. Using a depth of 0 means no depth restriction.
+
+MAX_DOT_GRAPH_DEPTH = 0
+
+# Set the DOT_TRANSPARENT tag to YES to generate images with a transparent
+# background. This is disabled by default, because dot on Windows does not
+# seem to support this out of the box. Warning: Depending on the platform used,
+# enabling this option may lead to badly anti-aliased labels on the edges of
+# a graph (i.e. they become hard to read).
+
+DOT_TRANSPARENT = NO
+
+# Set the DOT_MULTI_TARGETS tag to YES allow dot to generate multiple output
+# files in one run (i.e. multiple -o and -T options on the command line). This
+# makes dot run faster, but since only newer versions of dot (>1.8.10)
+# support this, this feature is disabled by default.
+
+DOT_MULTI_TARGETS = NO
+
+# If the GENERATE_LEGEND tag is set to YES (the default) Doxygen will
+# generate a legend page explaining the meaning of the various boxes and
+# arrows in the dot generated graphs.
+
+GENERATE_LEGEND = YES
+
+# If the DOT_CLEANUP tag is set to YES (the default) Doxygen will
+# remove the intermediate dot files that are used to generate
+# the various graphs.
+
+DOT_CLEANUP = YES
--- /dev/null
+<!doctype html>
+<html>
+<head>
+<title>LuaBridge 2.3 Reference Manual</title>
+<META HTTP-EQUIV="content-type" CONTENT="text/html; charset=iso-8859-1">
+
+<!--=========================================================================-->
+<style TYPE="text/css">
+
+body {
+ color: #000000 ;
+ background-color: #FFFFFF ;
+ font-family: Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif ;
+ text-align: justify ;
+ margin-right: 30px ;
+ margin-left: 30px ;
+}
+
+h1, h2, h3, h4 {
+ font-family: Verdana, Geneva, sans-serif ;
+ font-weight: normal ;
+ font-style: normal ;
+}
+
+h1 {
+ padding-top: 0.4em ;
+ padding-bottom: 0.4em ;
+ padding-left: 24px ;
+ margin-left: -24px ;
+ background-color: #ffe668 ;
+ border-radius: 8px ;
+}
+
+h2 {
+ padding-top: 0.4em ;
+ padding-bottom: 0.4em ;
+ padding-left: 1em ;
+ padding-right: 1em ;
+ background-color: #ffe668 ;
+ border-radius: 8px ;
+}
+
+h3 {
+ padding-left: 0.5em ;
+ border-left: solid #ffe668 1em ;
+}
+
+a:link {
+ color: #8d5c00 ;
+ background-color: inherit ;
+ text-decoration: none ;
+}
+
+a:visited {
+ color: #b17b26;
+ background-color: inherit ;
+ text-decoration: none ;
+}
+
+a:link:hover, a:visited:hover {
+ color: #8d5c00 ;
+ background-color: #ffe668 ;
+}
+
+a:link:active, a:visited:active {
+ color: inherit;
+}
+
+hr {
+ border: 0 ;
+ height: 1px ;
+ color: #a0a0a0 ;
+ background-color: #a0a0a0 ;
+}
+
+:target {
+ background-color: #F8F8F8 ;
+ padding-top: 2px ;
+ padding-bottom: 2px ;
+ padding-left: 8px;
+ padding-right: 8px;
+ border: solid #a0a0a0 2px ;
+}
+
+.footer {
+ color: gray ;
+ font-size: small ;
+}
+
+ul {
+ list-style-type: none ;
+ list-style-position: outside ;
+}
+
+ul.bullets {
+ list-style-type: disc ;
+}
+
+img {
+ border: 0;
+}
+
+table {
+ margin-left: 2em;
+}
+
+pre, code {
+ font-size: 12pt ;
+}
+
+pre {
+ margin-left: 2em;
+}
+
+pre.split {
+ padding-left: 2em;
+ display: table-cell ;
+ white-space: pre-wrap ;
+ vertical-align: text-top ;
+ padding-right: 2em;
+}
+
+pre.split + pre.split {
+ border-left: 1px solid #ccc;
+}
+
+</style>
+
+</head>
+
+<!--=========================================================================-->
+
+<body>
+
+<header>
+<hr>
+<h1>LuaBridge 2.3 Reference Manual</h1>
+<hr>
+</header>
+
+<small>
+Official repository is located at
+<a href="https://github.com/vinniefalco/LuaBridge">https://github.com/vinniefalco/LuaBridge</a>.
+<br>
+Copyright © 2012 Vinnie Falco. Freely available under the terms of the
+<A HREF="http://www.opensource.org/licenses/mit-license.html">MIT License</A>.
+</small>
+
+<nav>
+<H2>Contents</H2>
+<UL id="toc" style="padding: 0">
+<LI><A href="#s1">1 - Introduction</A>
+<UL>
+ <LI><A href="#s1.1">1.1 - Design</A>
+ <LI><A href="#s1.2">1.2 - Repository</A>
+ <LI><A href="#s1.3">1.3 - License and Credits</A>
+</UL>
+<P>
+<LI><A href="#s2">2 - Accessing C++ from Lua</A>
+<UL>
+ <LI><A href="#s2.1">2.1 - Namespaces</A>
+ <LI><A href="#s2.2">2.2 - Data, Properties, Functions, and CFunctions</A>
+ <LI><A href="#s2.3">2.3 - Class Objects</A>
+ <LI><A href="#s2.4">2.4 - Property Member Proxies</A>
+ <LI><A href="#s2.5">2.5 - Function Member Proxies</A>
+ <LI><A href="#s2.6">2.6 - Constructors</A>
+ <LI><A href="#s2.7">2.7 - Lua Stack</A>
+ <LI><A href="#s2.8">2.8 - lua_State</A>
+</UL>
+<p>
+<LI><A href="#s3">3 - Passing Objects</A>
+<UL>
+ <LI><A href="#s3.1">3.1 - C++ Lifetime</A>
+ <LI><A href="#s3.2">3.2 - Lua Lifetime</A>
+ <LI><A href="#s3.3">3.3 - Pointers, References, and Pass by Value</A>
+ <LI><A href="#s3.4">3.4 - Shared Lifetime</A>
+ <UL>
+ <LI><A href="#s3.4.1">3.4.1 - Class RefCountedObjectPtr</A>
+ <LI><A href="#s3.4.2">3.4.2 - Class RefCountedPtr</A>
+ <LI><A href="#s3.4.3">3.4.3 - User-defined Containers</A>
+ <LI><A href="#s3.4.4">3.4.4 - Container Constructors</A>
+ </UL>
+ <LI><A href="#s3.5">3.5 - Mixing Lifetimes</A>
+ <LI><A href="#s3.6">3.6 - Convenience Functions</A>
+</UL>
+<P>
+<LI><A href="#s4">4 - Accessing Lua from C++</A>
+<UL>
+ <LI><A href="#s4.1">4.1 - Class LuaRef</A>
+ <UL>
+ <LI><A href="#s4.1.1">4.1.1 - Type Conversions</A>
+ <LI><A href="#s4.1.2">4.1.2 - Visual Studio 2010, 2012</A>
+ </UL>
+ <LI><A href="#s4.2">4.2 - Table Proxies</A>
+ <LI><A href="#s4.3">4.3 - Calling Lua</A>
+ <UL>
+ <LI><A href="#s4.3.1">4.3.1 - Class LuaException</A>
+ </UL>
+</uL>
+<P>
+<LI><A href="#s5">5 - Security</A>
+</UL>
+</nav>
+
+<!--========================================================================-->
+
+<section>
+
+<h1>1 - <span id="s1">Introduction</span></h1>
+
+<p>
+<a href="https://github.com/vinniefalco/LuaBridge">LuaBridge</a> is a
+lightweight and dependency-free library for mapping data, functions, and
+classes back and forth between C++ and <a href="http://wwww.lua.org">Lua</a>,
+a powerful, fast, lightweight, embeddable scripting language. LuaBridge has
+been tested and works with Lua revisions starting from 5.1.5, although it
+should work in any version of Lua from 5.1.0 and later. It also works
+transparently with <a href="http://luajit.org/">LuaJIT</a>.
+</p>
+
+<p>
+LuaBridge offers the following features:
+</p>
+
+<ul class="bullets" title="Features">
+<li><a href="http://www.opensource.org/licenses/mit-license.html">MIT Licensed</a>, no usage restrictions!</li>
+<li>Headers-only: No Makefile, no .cpp files, just one <code>#include</code>!</li>
+<li>Simple, light, and nothing else needed (like Boost).</li>
+<li>No macros, settings, or configuration scripts needed.</li>
+<li>Supports different object lifetime management models.</li>
+<li>Convenient, type-safe access to the Lua stack.</li>
+<li>Automatic function parameter type binding.</li>
+<li>Easy access to Lua objects like tables and functions.</li>
+<li>Written in a clear and easy to debug style.</li>
+<li>Does not require C++11.</li>
+</ul>
+
+<p>
+LuaBridge is distributed as a a collection of header files. You simply add
+one line, <code>#include "LuaBridge/LuaBridge.h"</code> where you want to
+pass functions, classes, and variables back and forth between C++ and Lua.
+There are no additional source files, no compilation settings, and no
+Makefiles or IDE-specific project files. LuaBridge is easy to integrate.
+</p>
+
+<p>
+C++ concepts like variables and classes are made available to Lua through a
+process called <em>registration</em>. Because Lua is weakly typed, the resulting
+structure is not rigid. The API is based on C++ template metaprogramming. It
+contains template code to automatically generate at compile-time the various
+Lua C API calls necessary to export your program's classes and functions to
+the Lua environment.
+</p>
+
+<p>
+To expose Lua objects to C++, a class called <code>LuaRef</code> is provided.
+The implementation allows C++ code to access Lua objects such as numbers
+or strings, but more importantly to access things like tables and their
+values. Using this class makes idioms like calling Lua functions simple
+and clean.
+</p>
+
+<!--========================================================================-->
+
+<section>
+
+<h2>1.1 - <span id="s1.1">Design</span></h2>
+
+<p>
+LuaBridge tries to be efficient as possible when creating the "glue" that
+exposes C++ data and functions to Lua. At the same time, the code was
+written with the intention that it is all as simple and clear as possible,
+without resorting to obscure C++ idioms, ugly preprocessor macros, or
+configuration settings. Furthermore, it is designed to be "header-only",
+making it very easy to integrate into your projects.
+</p>
+
+<p>
+Because LuaBridge was written with simplicity in mind there are some features
+that are not available. Although it comes close to the highest possible
+performance, LuaBridge is not quite the fastest,
+<a href="http://code.google.com/p/oolua/">OOLua</a> slightly outperforms
+LuaBridge in some tests. LuaBridge also does not try to implement every
+possible feature,
+<a href="http://www.rasterbar.com/products/luabind.html">LuaBind</a>
+explores every corner of the C++ language (but it requires Boost).
+</p>
+
+<p>
+LuaBridge does not support:
+</p>
+
+<ul class="bullets">
+<li>Enumerated constants
+<li>More than 8 parameters on a function or method (although this can be
+ increased by adding more <code>TypeListValues</code> specializations).
+<li>Overloaded functions, methods, or constructors.
+<li>Global variables (variables must be wrapped in a named scope).
+<li>Automatic conversion between STL container types and Lua tables
+ (conversion can be enabled for <code>std::list</code>, <code>std::vector</code>,
+ <code>std::map</code> or <code>std::unordered_map</code> by including
+ <code>List.h</code>, <code>Vector.h</code>, <code>Map</code> or
+ <code>UnorderedMap.h</code> respectively)
+<li>Inheriting Lua classes from C++ classes.
+<li>Passing nil to a C++ function that expects a pointer or reference.
+<li>Standard containers like <code>std::shared_ptr</code>.
+</ul>
+
+</section>
+
+<!--========================================================================-->
+
+<section>
+
+<h2>1.2 - <span id="s1.2">Repository</span></h2>
+
+<p>
+The official repository is located at
+<a href="https://github.com/vinniefalco/LuaBridge">https://github.com/vinniefalco/LuaBridge</a>.
+The branches are organized as follows:
+</p>
+
+<table>
+<tr>
+ <td><b>master</b></td>
+ <td>Tagged, stable release versions.</td>
+</tr>
+<tr>
+ <td><b>release</b></td>
+ <td>A temporarily created branch that holds a release candidate for review.</td>
+</tr>
+<tr>
+ <td><b>develop</b></td>
+ <td>Contains work in progress, possibly unfinished or with bugs.</td>
+</tr>
+</table>
+
+<p>
+These repositories are also available:
+</p>
+
+<table>
+<tr>
+ <td><b><a href="https://github.com/vinniefalco/LuaBridgeUnitTests">LuaBridgeUnitTests</a></b></td>
+ <td>A stand alone command line application to exercise LuaBridge functionality.</td>
+</tr>
+<tr>
+ <td><b><a href="https://github.com/vinniefalco/LuaBridgeDemo">LuaBridgeUnitDemo</a></b></td>
+ <td>A stand alone GUI application that provides an interactive console.</td>
+</tr>
+</table>
+
+</section>
+
+<!--========================================================================-->
+
+<section>
+
+<h2>1.3 - <span id="s1.3">License and Credits</span></h2>
+
+<p>
+LuaBridge is published under the terms of the
+<a href="http://www.opensource.org/licenses/mit-license.html">MIT License</a>:
+</p>
+
+<pre>
+Permission is hereby granted, free of charge, to any person obtaining a copy
+of this software and associated documentation files (the "Software"), to deal
+in the Software without restriction, including without limitation the rights
+to use, copy, modify, merge, publish, distribute, sublicense, and/or sell
+copies of the Software, and to permit persons to whom the Software is
+furnished to do so, subject to the following conditions:
+
+The above copyright notice and this permission notice shall be included in
+all copies or substantial portions of the Software.
+
+THE SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED "AS IS", WITHOUT WARRANTY OF ANY KIND, EXPRESS OR
+IMPLIED, INCLUDING BUT NOT LIMITED TO THE WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY,
+FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE AND NONINFRINGEMENT. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE
+AUTHORS OR COPYRIGHT HOLDERS BE LIABLE FOR ANY CLAIM, DAMAGES OR OTHER
+LIABILITY, WHETHER IN AN ACTION OF CONTRACT, TORT OR OTHERWISE, ARISING FROM,
+OUT OF OR IN CONNECTION WITH THE SOFTWARE OR THE USE OR OTHER DEALINGS IN THE
+SOFTWARE.
+</pre>
+
+<p>
+The original version of LuaBridge was written by Nathan Reed. The project
+has been taken over by Vinnie Falco, who added new functionality and wrote
+the new documentation. Vinnie also incorporated <code>LuaRef</code> and
+other Lua to C++ binding contributions from Nigel Atkinson.
+</p>
+
+<p>
+For questions, comments, or bug reports feel free to open a Github issue
+or contact Vinnie Falco directly at the email address indicated below.
+</p>
+
+<ul>
+<li>Copyright 2019, Dmitry Tarakanov</li>
+<li>Copyright 2012, Vinnie Falco <a href="mailto:vinnie.falco@gmail.com"><vinnie.falco@gmail.com></a>
+<li>Copyright 2008, Nigel Atkinson <a href="mailto:suprapilot+LuaCode@gmail.com"><suprapilot+LuaCode@gmail.com></a>
+<li>Copyright 2007, Nathan Reed
+<li>Portions from The Loki Library: Copyright 2001 by Andrei Alexandrescu
+</ul>
+
+<p>
+Older versions of LuaBridge up to and including 0.2 (available separately) are
+distributed under the BSD 3-Clause License. See the corresponding license file
+in those versions (distributed separately) for more details.
+</p>
+
+</section>
+
+<!--========================================================================-->
+
+</section>
+
+<section>
+
+<h1>2 - <span id="s2">Accessing C++ from Lua</span></h1>
+
+<p>
+In order to expose C++ data and functions to Lua, each piece of exported
+information must be <em>registered</em>. There are five types of objects that
+LuaBridge can register:
+</p>
+
+<table>
+<tr>
+ <td><b>Namespaces</b> </td>
+ <td>A Lua table that contains other registrations.</td>
+</tr>
+<tr>
+ <td><b>Data</b> </td>
+ <td>Global or static variables, data members, and static data members.</td>
+</tr>
+<tr>
+ <td><b>Functions </b></td>
+ <td>Regular functions, member functions, and static member functions.</td>
+</tr>
+<tr>
+ <td><b>CFunctions </b></td>
+ <td>A regular function, member function, or static member function that
+ uses the <code>lua_CFunction</code> calling convention.</td>
+</tr>
+<tr>
+ <td><b>Properties </b></td>
+ <td>Global properties, property members, and static property members.
+ These appear like data to Lua, but are implemented in C++ using
+ functions to get and set the values.</td>
+ </tr>
+</table>
+
+<p>
+Both data and properties can be marked as <em>read-only</em> at the time of
+registration. This is different from <code>const</code>; the values of these
+objects can be modified on the C++ side, but Lua scripts cannot change them.
+Code samples that follow are in C++ or Lua, depending on context. For brevity
+of exposition code samples in C++ assume the traditional variable
+<code>lua_State* L</code> is defined, and that a <code>using namespace luabridge</code>
+using-directive is in effect.
+</p>
+
+<!--========================================================================-->
+
+<section>
+
+<h2>2.1 - <span id="s2.1">Namespaces</span></h2>
+
+<p>
+All LuaBridge registrations take place in a <em>namespace</em>. When we refer
+to a <em>namespace</em> we are always talking about a namespace in the Lua
+sense, which is implemented using tables. The namespace need not correspond
+to a C++ namespace; in fact no C++ namespaces need to exist at all unless you
+want them to. LuaBridge namespaces are visible only to Lua scripts; they are
+used as a logical grouping tool. To obtain access to the global namespace
+we write:
+</p>
+
+<pre>
+getGlobalNamespace (L);
+</pre>
+
+<p>
+This returns an object on which further registrations can be performed. The
+subsequent registrations will go into the global namespace, a practice which
+is not recommended. Instead, we can add our own namespace by writing:
+</p>
+
+<pre>
+getGlobalNamespace (L)
+ .beginNamespace ("test");
+</pre>
+
+<p>
+This creates a table in <code>_G</code> called "test". Since we have not
+performed any registrations, this table will be empty except for some
+bookkeeping key/value pairs. LuaBridge reserves all identifiers that start
+with a double underscore. So <code>__test</code> would be an invalid name
+(although LuaBridge will silently accept it). Functions like
+<code>beginNamespace</code> return the corresponding object on which we can
+make more registrations. Given:
+</p>
+
+<pre>
+getGlobalNamespace (L)
+ .beginNamespace ("test")
+ .beginNamespace ("detail")
+ .endNamespace ()
+ .beginNamespace ("utility")
+ .endNamespace ()
+ .endNamespace ();
+</pre>
+
+<p>
+The results are accessible to Lua as <code>test</code>, <code>test.detail</code>,
+and <code>test.utility</code>. Here we introduce the <code>endNamespace</code>
+function; it returns an object representing the original enclosing namespace.
+All LuaBridge functions which create registrations return an object upon which
+subsequent registrations can be made, allowing for an unlimited number of
+registrations to be chained together using the dot operator. Adding two objects
+with the same name, in the same namespace, results in undefined behavior
+(although LuaBridge will silently accept it).
+</p>
+
+<p>
+A namespace can be re-opened later to add more functions. This lets you split
+up the registration between different source files. These are equivalent:
+</p>
+
+<pre>
+getGlobalNamespace (L)
+ .beginNamespace ("test")
+ .addFunction ("foo", foo)
+ .endNamespace ();
+
+getGlobalNamespace (L)
+ .beginNamespace ("test")
+ .addFunction ("bar", bar)
+ .endNamespace ();
+</pre>
+
+<p>
+and
+</p>
+
+<pre>
+getGlobalNamespace (L)
+ .beginNamespace ("test")
+ .addFunction ("foo", foo)
+ .addFunction ("bar", bar)
+ .endNamespace ();
+</pre>
+
+</section>
+
+<!--========================================================================-->
+
+<section>
+
+<h2>2.2 - <span id="s2.2">Properties and Functions</span></h2>
+
+<p>
+These are registered into a namespace using <code>addProperty</code>
+and <code>addFunction</code>.
+When registered functions are called by scripts, LuaBridge automatically takes
+care of the conversion of arguments into the appropriate data type when doing
+so is possible. This automated system works for the function's return value,
+and up to 8 parameters although more can be added by extending the templates.
+Pointers, references, and objects of class type as parameters are treated
+specially, and explained later.
+</p>
+<p>
+If we have:
+</p>
+
+<pre>
+int globalVar;
+static float staticVar;
+
+std::string stringProperty;
+std::string getString () { return stringProperty; }
+void setString (std::string s) { stringProperty = s; }
+
+int foo () { return 42; }
+void bar (char const*) { }
+int cFunc (lua_State* L) { return 0; }
+</pre>
+
+<p>
+These are registered with:
+</p>
+
+<pre>
+getGlobalNamespace (L)
+ .beginNamespace ("test")
+ .addProperty ("var1", &globalVar)
+ .addProperty ("var2", &staticVar, false) // read-only
+ .addProperty ("prop1", getString, setString)
+ .addProperty ("prop2", getString) // read only
+ .addFunction ("foo", foo)
+ .addFunction ("bar", bar)
+ .addFunction ("cfunc", cFunc)
+ .endNamespace ();
+</pre>
+
+<p>
+Variables can be marked <em>read-only</em> by passing <code>false</code> in
+the second optional parameter. If the parameter is omitted, <em>true</em> is
+used making the variable read/write. Properties are marked read-only by
+omitting the set function. After the registrations above, the following Lua
+identifiers are valid:
+</p>
+
+<pre>
+test -- a namespace
+test.var1 -- a lua_Number property
+test.var2 -- a read-only lua_Number property
+test.prop1 -- a lua_String property
+test.prop2 -- a read-only lua_String property
+test.foo -- a function returning a lua_Number
+test.bar -- a function taking a lua_String as a parameter
+test.cfunc -- a function with a variable argument list and multi-return
+</pre>
+
+<p>
+Note that <code>test.prop1</code> and <code>test.prop2</code> both refer to the
+same value. However, since <code>test.prop2</code> is read-only, assignment
+attempts will generate a run-time error. These Lua statements have the stated effects:
+</p>
+
+<pre>
+test.var1 = 5 -- okay
+test.var2 = 6 -- error: var2 is not writable
+test.prop1 = "Hello" -- okay
+test.prop1 = 68 -- okay, Lua converts the number to a string
+test.prop2 = "bar" -- error: prop2 is not writable
+
+test.foo () -- calls foo and discards the return value
+test.var1 = foo () -- calls foo and stores the result in var1
+test.bar ("Employee") -- calls bar with a string
+test.bar (test) -- error: bar expects a string not a table
+</pre>
+
+<p>
+LuaBridge does not support overloaded functions nor is it likely to in the
+future. Since Lua is dynamically typed, any system that tries to resolve a set
+of parameters passed from a script will face considerable ambiguity when
+trying to choose an appropriately matching C++ function signature.
+</p>
+
+</section>
+
+<!--========================================================================-->
+
+<section>
+
+<h2>2.3 - <span id="s2.3">Class Objects</span></h2>
+
+<p>
+A class registration is opened using either <code>beginClass</code> or
+<code>deriveClass</code> and ended using <code>endClass</code>. Once
+registered, a class can later be re-opened for more registrations using
+<code>beginClass</code>. However, <code>deriveClass</code> should only be
+used once. To add more registrations to an already registered derived class,
+use <code>beginClass</code> on it.
+</p>
+<p>
+These declarations:
+</p>
+
+<pre>
+struct A {
+ static int staticData;
+ static float staticProperty;
+
+ static float getStaticProperty () { return staticProperty; }
+ static void setStaticProperty (float f) { staticProperty = f; }
+ static void staticFunc () { }
+
+ static int staticCFunc (lua_State *L) { return 0; }
+
+ std::string dataMember;
+
+ char dataProperty;
+ char getProperty () const { return dataProperty; }
+ void setProperty (char v) { dataProperty = v; }
+ std::string toString () const { return dataMember; }
+
+ void func1 () { }
+ virtual void virtualFunc () { }
+
+ int cfunc (lua_State* L) { return 0; }
+};
+
+struct B : public A {
+ double dataMember2;
+
+ void func1 () { }
+ void func2 () { }
+ void virtualFunc () { }
+};
+
+int A::staticData;
+float A::staticProperty;
+</pre>
+
+<p>
+are registered using:
+</p>
+
+<pre>
+getGlobalNamespace (L)
+ .beginNamespace ("test")
+ .beginClass <A> ("A")
+ .addStaticProperty ("staticData", &A::staticData)
+ .addStaticProperty ("staticProperty", &A::getStaticProperty, &A::setStaticProperty)
+ .addStaticFunction ("staticFunc", &A::staticFunc)
+ .addStaticFunction ("staticCFunc", &A::staticCFunc)
+ .addProperty ("data", &A::dataMember)
+ .addProperty ("prop", &A::getProperty, &A::setProperty)
+ .addFunction ("func1", &A::func1)
+ .addFunction ("virtualFunc", &A::virtualFunc)
+ .addFunction ("__tostring", &A::toString) // Metamethod
+ .addFunction ("cfunc", &A::cfunc)
+ .endClass ()
+ .deriveClass <B, A> ("B")
+ .addProperty ("data", &B::dataMember2)
+ .addFunction ("func1", &B::func1)
+ .addFunction ("func2", &B::func2)
+ .endClass ()
+ .endNameSpace ();
+</pre>
+
+<p>
+Method registration works just like function registration. Virtual methods
+work normally; no special syntax is needed. const methods are detected and
+const-correctness is enforced, so if a function returns a const object (or
+a container holding to a const object) to Lua, that reference to the object
+will be considered const and only const methods can be called on it.
+It is possible to register Lua metamethods (except <code>__gc</code>).
+Destructors are registered automatically for each class.
+</p>
+
+<p>
+As with regular variables and properties, class properties can be
+marked read-only by passing false in the second parameter, or omitting the set
+set function. The <code>deriveClass</code> takes two template arguments: the
+class to be registered, and its base class. Inherited methods do not have to
+be re-declared and will function normally in Lua. If a class has a base class
+that is **not** registered with Lua, there is no need to declare it as a
+subclass.
+</p>
+
+<p>
+Remember that in Lua, the colon operator '<code>:</code>' is used for
+method call syntax:
+</p>
+
+<pre>
+local a = A ()
+
+a.func1 () -- error: func1 expects an object of a registered class
+a.func1 (a) -- okay, verbose, this how OOP works in Lua
+a:func1 () -- okay, less verbose, equvalent to the previous
+</pre>
+
+</section>
+
+<!--========================================================================-->
+
+<section>
+
+<h2>2.4 - <span id="s2.4">Property Member Proxies</span></h2>
+
+<p>
+Sometimes when registering a class which comes from a third party library, the
+data is not exposed in a way that can be expressed as a pointer to member,
+there are no get or set functions, or the get and set functons do not have the
+right function signature. Since the class declaration is closed for changes,
+LuaBridge allows for a <em>property member proxy</em>. This is a pair of get
+and set flat functions which take as their first parameter a pointer to
+the object. This is easily understood with the following example:
+</p>
+
+<pre>
+// Third party declaration, can't be changed
+struct Vec
+{
+ float coord [3];
+};
+</pre>
+
+<p>
+Taking the address of an array element, e.g. <code>&Vec::coord [0]</code>
+results in an error instead of a pointer-to-member. The class is closed for
+modifications, but we want to export Vec objects to Lua using the familiar
+object notation. To do this, first we add a "helper" class:
+</p>
+
+<pre>
+struct VecHelper
+{
+ template <unsigned index>
+ static float get (Vec const* vec)
+ {
+ return vec->coord [index];
+ }
+
+ template <unsigned index>
+ static void set (Vec* vec, float value)
+ {
+ vec->coord [index] = value;
+ }
+};
+</pre>
+
+<p>
+This helper class is only used to provide property member proxies.
+<code>Vec</code> continues to be used in the C++ code as it was before.
+Now we can register the <code>Vec</code> class with property member proxies for
+<code>x</code>, <code>y</code>, and <code>z</code>:
+</p>
+
+<pre>
+getGlobalNamespace (L)
+ .beginNamespace ("test")
+ .beginClass <Vec> ("Vec")
+ .addProperty ("x", &VecHelper::get <0>, &VecHelper::set <0>)
+ .addProperty ("y", &VecHelper::get <1>, &VecHelper::set <1>)
+ .addProperty ("z", &VecHelper::get <2>, &VecHelper::set <2>)
+ .endClass ()
+ .endNamespace ();
+</pre>
+
+<p>
+With a C++11 compilant compiler it is possible to use <code>std::function</code>
+instances as proxies:
+</p>
+
+<pre>
+getGlobalNamespace (L)
+ .beginNamespace ("test")
+ .beginClass <Vec> ("Vec")
+ .addProperty ("x",
+ std::function <float (const Vec*)> (
+ [] (const Vec* vec) {return vec->coord [0];}),
+ std::function <void (Vec*, float)> (
+ [] (Vec* vec, float v) {vec->coord [0] = v;}))
+ // ... same for "y" and "z"
+ .endClass ()
+ .endNamespace ();
+</pre>
+
+</section>
+
+<!--========================================================================-->
+
+<section>
+
+<h2>2.5 - <span id="s2.5">Function Member Proxies</span></h2>
+
+<p>
+Where it is not possible or inconvenient to add a member to be registered,
+LuaBridge also allows for a <em>function member proxy</em>. This is a flat
+function which take as its first parameter a pointer to the object:
+</p>
+
+<pre>
+// Third party declaration, can't be changed
+struct Vec
+{
+ float coord [3];
+};
+</pre>
+
+<p>
+The class is closed for modifications, but we want to extend Vec objects
+with our member function. To do this, first we add a "helper" function:
+</p>
+
+<pre>
+void scale (float value)
+{
+ value->coord [0] *= value;
+ value->coord [1] *= value;
+ value->coord [2] *= value;
+};
+</pre>
+
+<p>
+Now we can register the <code>Vec</code> class with a member function
+<code>scale</code>:
+</p>
+
+<pre>
+getGlobalNamespace (L)
+ .beginNamespace ("test")
+ .beginClass <Vec> ("Vec")
+ .addFunction ("scale", &scale)
+ .endClass ()
+ .endNamespace ();
+</pre>
+
+<p>
+With a C++11 compilant compiler it is possible to use <code>std::function</code>
+instances as proxies:
+</p>
+
+<pre>
+getGlobalNamespace (L)
+ .beginClass <Vec> ("Vec")
+ .addFunction ("scaleX",
+ std::function <void (Vec*, float)> (
+ [] (Vec* vec, float v) {vec->coord [0] *= v;}))
+ .endClass ()
+</pre>
+
+</section>
+
+<!--========================================================================-->
+
+<section>
+
+<h2>2.6 - <span id="s2.6">Constructors</span></h2>
+
+<p>
+A single constructor may be added for a class using <code>addConstructor</code>.
+LuaBridge cannot automatically determine the number and types of constructor
+parameters like it can for functions and methods, so you must provide them.
+This is done by specifying the signature of the desired constructor function
+as the first template parameter to <code>addConstructor</code>. The parameter
+types will be extracted from this (the return type is ignored). For example,
+these statements register constructors for the given classes:
+</p>
+
+<pre>
+struct A {
+ A ();
+};
+
+struct B {
+ explicit B (char const* s, int nChars);
+};
+
+getGlobalNamespace (L)
+ .beginNamespace ("test")
+ .beginClass <A> ("A")
+ .addConstructor <void (*) (void)> ()
+ .endClass ()
+ .beginClass <B> ("B")
+ .addConstructor <void (*) (char const*, int)> ()
+ .endClass ()
+ .endNamespace ();
+</pre>
+
+<p>
+Constructors added in this fashion are called from Lua using the fully
+qualified name of the class. This Lua code will create instances of
+<code>A</code> and <code>B</code>.
+</p>
+
+<pre>
+a = test.A () -- Create a new A.
+b = test.B ("hello", 5) -- Create a new B.
+b = test.B () -- Error: expected string in argument 1
+</pre>
+
+</section>
+
+<!--========================================================================-->
+
+<section>
+
+<h2>2.7 - <span id="s2.7">Lua Stack</span></h2>
+
+<p>
+In the Lua C API, all operations on the <code>lua_State</code> are performed
+through the Lua stack. In order to pass values back and forth between C++
+and Lua, LuaBridge uses specializations of this template class concept:
+</p>
+
+<pre>
+template <class T>
+struct Stack
+{
+ static void push (lua_State* L, T t);
+ static T get (lua_State* L, int index);
+};
+</pre>
+
+<p>
+When a specialization of <code>Stack</code> exists for a given type
+<code>T</code> we say that the <code>T</code> is <em>convertible</em>.
+Throughout this document and the LuaBridge API, these types can be used
+anywhere a convertible type is expected.
+</p>
+
+<p>
+The Stack template class specializations are used automatically for variables,
+properties, data members, property members, function arguments and return
+values. These basic types are supported:
+</p>
+
+<ul class="bullets">
+<li><code>bool</code>
+<li><code>char</code>, converted to a string of length one.
+<li><code>char const*</code> and <code>std::string</code> strings.
+<li>Integers, <code>float</code>, and <code>double</code>,
+ converted to <code>Lua_number</code>.
+</ul>
+
+<p>
+User-defined types which are convertible to one of the basic types are
+possible, simply provide a <code>Stack<></code> specialization in the
+<code>luabridge</code> namespace for your user-defined type, modeled after
+the existing types. For example, here is a specialization for a
+<code>juce::String</code>:
+</p>
+
+<pre>
+template <>
+struct Stack <juce::String>
+{
+ static void push (lua_State* L, juce::String s)
+ {
+ lua_pushstring (L, s.toUTF8 ());
+ }
+
+ static juce::String get (lua_State* L, int index)
+ {
+ return juce::String (luaL_checkstring (L, index));
+ }
+};
+</pre>
+
+</section>
+
+<!--========================================================================-->
+
+<section>
+
+<h2>2.8 - <span id="s2.8">lua_State</span></h2>
+
+<p>
+Sometimes it is convenient from within a bound function or member function
+to gain access to the <code>lua_State*</code> normally available to a </code>lua_CFunction</code>.
+With LuaBridge, all you need to do is add a <code>lua_State*</code> as the last
+parameter of your bound function:
+</p>
+
+<pre>
+void useState (lua_State* L);
+
+getGlobalNamespace (L).addFunction ("useState", &useState);
+</pre>
+
+<p>
+You can still include regular arguments while receiving the state:
+</p>
+
+<pre>
+void useStateAndArgs (int i, std::string s, lua_State* L);
+
+getGlobalNamespace (L).addFunction ("useStateAndArgs", &useStateAndArgs);
+</pre>
+
+<p>
+When the script calls <code>useStateAndArgs</code>, it passes only the integer
+and string parameters. LuaBridge takes care of inserting the <code>lua_State*</code>
+into the argument list for the corresponding C++ function. This will work
+correctly even for the state created by coroutines. Undefined behavior results
+if the <code>lua_State*</code> is not the last parameter.
+</p>
+
+<p>
+The same is applicable for properies.
+</p>
+
+</section>
+
+<!--========================================================================-->
+
+</section>
+
+<section>
+
+<h1>3 - <span id="s3">Passing Objects</span></h1>
+
+<p>
+An object of a registered class <code>T</code> may be passed to Lua as:
+</p>
+
+<table>
+<tr>
+ <td><b><code>T</code></b></td>
+ <td>Passed by value (a copy), with <em>Lua lifetime</em>.</td>
+</tr>
+<tr>
+ <td><b><code>T const</code></b></td>
+ <td>Passed by value (a copy), with <em>Lua lifetime</em>.</td>
+</tr>
+<tr>
+ <td><b><code>T*</code></b></td>
+ <td>Passed by reference, with <em>C++ lifetime</em>.</td>
+</tr>
+<tr>
+ <td><b><code>T&</code></b></td>
+ <td>Passed by reference, with <em>C++ lifetime</em>.</td>
+</tr>
+<tr>
+ <td><b><code>T const*</code></b></td>
+ <td>Passed by const reference, with <em>C++ lifetime</em>.</td>
+</tr>
+<tr>
+ <td><b><code>T const&</code></b></td>
+ <td>Passed by const reference, with <em>C++ lifetime</em>.</td>
+</tr>
+</table>
+
+<!--========================================================================-->
+
+<section>
+
+<h2>3.1 - <span id="s3.1">C++ Lifetime</span></h2>
+
+<p>
+The creation and deletion of objects with <em>C++ lifetime</em> is controlled by
+the C++ code. Lua does nothing when it garbage collects a reference to such an
+object. Specifically, the object's destructor is not called (since C++ owns
+it). Care must be taken to ensure that objects with C++ lifetime are not
+deleted while still being referenced by a <code>lua_State*</code>, or else
+undefined behavior results. In the previous examples, an instance of <code>A</code>
+can be passed to Lua with C++ lifetime, like this:
+</p>
+
+<pre>
+A a;
+
+push (L, &a); // pointer to 'a', C++ lifetime
+lua_setglobal (L, "a");
+
+push (L, (A const*)&a); // pointer to 'a const', C++ lifetime
+lua_setglobal (L, "ac");
+
+push <A const*> (L, &a); // equivalent to push (L, (A const*)&a)
+lua_setglobal (L, "ac2");
+
+push (L, new A); // compiles, but will leak memory
+lua_setglobal (L, "ap");
+</pre>
+
+</section>
+
+<!--========================================================================-->
+
+<section>
+
+<h2>3.2 - <span id="s3.2">Lua Lifetime</span></h2>
+
+<p>
+When an object of a registered class is passed by value to Lua, it will have
+<em>Lua lifetime</em>. A copy of the passed object is constructed inside the
+userdata. When Lua has no more references to the object, it becomes eligible
+for garbage collection. When the userdata is collected, the destructor for
+the class will be called on the object. Care must be taken to ensure that
+objects with Lua lifetime are not accessed by C++ after they are garbage
+collected, or else undefined behavior results. An instance of <code>B</code>
+can be passed to Lua with Lua lifetime this way:
+</p>
+
+<pre>
+B b;
+
+push (L, b); // Copy of b passed, Lua lifetime.
+lua_setglobal (L, "b");
+</pre>
+
+<p>
+Given the previous code segments, these Lua statements are applicable:
+</p>
+
+<pre>
+print (test.A.staticData) -- Prints the static data member.
+print (test.A.staticProperty) -- Prints the static property member.
+test.A.staticFunc () -- Calls the static method.
+
+print (a.data) -- Prints the data member.
+print (a.prop) -- Prints the property member.
+a:func1 () -- Calls A::func1 ().
+test.A.func1 (a) -- Equivalent to a:func1 ().
+test.A.func1 ("hello") -- Error: "hello" is not a class A.
+a:virtualFunc () -- Calls A::virtualFunc ().
+
+print (b.data) -- Prints B::dataMember.
+print (b.prop) -- Prints inherited property member.
+b:func1 () -- Calls B::func1 ().
+b:func2 () -- Calls B::func2 ().
+test.B.func2 (a) -- Error: a is not a class B.
+test.A.func1 (b) -- Calls A::func1 ().
+b:virtualFunc () -- Calls B::virtualFunc ().
+test.B.virtualFunc (b) -- Calls B::virtualFunc ().
+test.A.virtualFunc (b) -- Calls B::virtualFunc ().
+test.B.virtualFunc (a) -- Error: a is not a class B.
+
+a = nil; collectgarbage () -- 'a' still exists in C++.
+b = nil; collectgarbage () -- Lua calls ~B() on the copy of b.
+</pre>
+
+<p>
+When Lua script creates an object of class type using a registered
+constructor, the resulting value will have Lua lifetime. After Lua no longer
+references the object, it becomes eligible for garbage collection. You can
+still pass these to C++, either by reference or by value. If passed by
+reference, the usual warnings apply about accessing the reference later,
+after it has been garbage collected.
+</p>
+
+</section>
+
+<!--========================================================================-->
+
+<section>
+
+<h2>3.3 - <span id="s3.3">Pointers, References, and Pass by Value</span></h2>
+
+<p>
+When C++ objects are passed from Lua back to C++ as arguments to functions,
+or set as data members, LuaBridge does its best to automate the conversion.
+Using the previous definitions, the following functions may be registered
+to Lua:
+</p>
+
+<pre>
+void func0 (A a);
+void func1 (A* a);
+void func2 (A const* a);
+void func3 (A& a);
+void func4 (A const& a);
+</pre>
+
+<p>
+Executing this Lua code will have the prescribed effect:
+</p>
+
+<pre>
+func0 (a) -- Passes a copy of a, using A's copy constructor.
+func1 (a) -- Passes a pointer to a.
+func2 (a) -- Passes a pointer to a const a.
+func3 (a) -- Passes a reference to a.
+func4 (a) -- Passes a reference to a const a.
+</pre>
+
+<p>
+In the example above, all functions can read the data members and property
+members of <code>a</code>, or call const member functions of <code>a</code>.
+Only <code>func0</code>, <code>func1</code>, and <code>func3</code> can
+modify the data members and data properties, or call non-const member
+functions of <code>a</code>.
+</p>
+
+<p>
+The usual C++ inheritance and pointer assignment rules apply. Given:
+</p>
+
+<pre>
+void func5 (B b);
+void func6 (B* b);
+</pre>
+
+<p>
+These Lua statements hold:
+</p>
+
+<pre>
+func5 (b) - Passes a copy of b, using B's copy constructor.
+func6 (b) - Passes a pointer to b.
+func6 (a) - Error: Pointer to B expected.
+func1 (b) - Okay, b is a subclass of a.
+</pre>
+
+<p>
+When a pointer or pointer to const is passed to Lua and the pointer is null
+(zero), LuaBridge will pass Lua a <code>nil</code> instead. When Lua passes a
+<code>nil</code> to C++ where a pointer is expected, a null (zero) is passed
+instead. Attempting to pass a null pointer to a C++ function expecting a
+reference results in <code>lua_error</code> being called.
+</p>
+
+</section>
+
+<!--========================================================================-->
+
+<section>
+
+<h2>3.4 - <span id="s3.4">Shared Lifetime</span></h2>
+
+<p>
+LuaBridge supports a <em>shared lifetime</em> model: dynamically allocated
+and reference counted objects whose ownership is shared by both Lua and C++.
+The object remains in existence until there are no remaining C++ or Lua
+references, and Lua performs its usual garbage collection cycle. A container
+is recognized by a specialization of the <code>ContainerTraits</code>
+template class. LuaBridge will automatically recognize when a data type is
+a container when the correspoding specialization is present. Two styles of
+containers come with LuaBridge, including the necessary specializations.
+</p>
+
+<!--========================================================================-->
+
+<section>
+
+<h3>3.4.1 - <span id="s3.4.1">Class RefCountedObjectPtr</span></h3>
+
+<p>
+This is an intrusive style container. Your existing class declaration must be
+changed to be also derived from <code>RefCountedObject</code>. Given
+<code>class T</code>, derived from <code>RefCountedObject</code>, the container
+<code>RefCountedObjectPtr <T></code> may be used. In order for
+reference counts to be maintained properly, all C++ code must store a
+container instead of the pointer. This is similar in style to
+<code>std::shared_ptr</code> although there are slight differences. For
+example:
+</p>
+
+<pre>
+// A is reference counted.
+struct A : public RefCountedObject
+{
+ void foo () { }
+};
+
+struct B
+{
+ RefCountedObjectPtr <A> a; // holds a reference to A
+};
+
+void bar (RefCountedObjectPtr <A> a)
+{
+ a->foo ();
+}
+</pre>
+
+</section>
+
+<!--========================================================================-->
+
+<section>
+
+<h3>3.4.2 - <span id="s3.4.2">Class RefCountedPtr</span></h3>
+
+<p>
+This is a non intrusive reference counted pointer. The reference counts are
+kept in a global hash table, which does incur a small performance penalty.
+However, it does not require changing any already existing class declarations.
+This is especially useful when the classes to be registered come from a third
+party library and cannot be modified. To use it, simply wrap all pointers
+to class objects with the container instead:
+</p>
+
+<pre>
+struct A
+{
+ void foo () { }
+};
+
+struct B
+{
+ RefCountedPtr <A> a;
+};
+
+RefCountedPtr <A> createA ()
+{
+ return new A;
+}
+
+void bar (RefCountedPtr <A> a)
+{
+ a->foo ();
+}
+
+void callFoo ()
+{
+ bar (createA ());
+
+ // The created A will be destroyed
+ // when we leave this scope
+}
+</pre>
+
+</section>
+
+<!--========================================================================-->
+
+<section>
+
+<h3>3.4.3 - <span id="s3.4.3">User-defined Containers</span></h3>
+
+<p>
+If you have your own container, you must provide a specialization of
+<code>ContainerTraits</code> in the <code>luabridge</code> namespace for your
+type before it will be recognized by LuaBridge (or else the code will not
+compile):
+</p>
+
+<pre>
+template <class T>
+struct ContainerTraits <CustomContainer <T> >
+{
+ typedef typename T Type;
+
+ static T* get (CustomContainer <T> const& c)
+ {
+ return c.getPointerToObject ();
+ }
+};
+</pre>
+
+<p>
+Standard containers like <code>std::shared_ptr</code> or
+<code>boost::shared_ptr</code> <b>will not work</b>. This is because of type
+erasure; when the object goes from C++ to Lua and back to C++, there is no
+way to associate the object with the original container. The new container is
+constructed from a pointer to the object instead of an existing container.
+The result is undefined behavior since there are now two sets of reference
+counts.
+</p>
+
+</section>
+
+<!--========================================================================-->
+
+<section>
+
+<h3>3.4.4 - <span id="s3.4.4">Container Constructors</span></h3>
+
+<p>
+When a constructor is registered for a class, there is an additional
+optional second template parameter describing the type of container to use.
+If this parameter is specified, calls to the constructor will create the
+object dynamically, via operator new, and place it a container of that
+type. The container must have been previously specialized in
+<code>ContainerTraits</code>, or else a compile error will result. This code
+will register two objects, each using a constructor that creates an object
+with Lua lifetime using the specified container:
+</p>
+
+<pre>
+class C : public RefCountedObject
+{
+ C () { }
+};
+
+class D
+{
+ D () { }
+};
+
+getGlobalNamespace (L)
+ .beginNamespace ("test")
+ .beginClass <C> ("C")
+ .addConstructor <void (*) (void), RefCountedObjectPtr <C> > ()
+ .endClass ()
+ .beginClass <D> ("D")
+ .addConstructor <void (*) (void), RefCountedPtr <D> > ()
+ .endClass ();
+ .endNamespace ()
+</pre>
+
+</section>
+
+<!--========================================================================-->
+
+</section>
+
+<section>
+
+<h2>3.5 - <span id="s3.5">Mixing Lifetimes</span></h2>
+
+<p>
+Mixing object lifetime models is entirely possible, subject to the usual
+caveats of holding references to objects which could get deleted. For
+example, C++ can be called from Lua with a pointer to an object of class
+type; the function can modify the object or call non-const data members.
+These modifications are visible to Lua (since they both refer to the same
+object). An object store in a container can be passed to a function expecting
+a pointer. These conversion work seamlessly.
+<p>
+
+</section>
+
+<!--========================================================================-->
+
+<section>
+
+<h2>3.6 - <span id="s3.6">Convenience Functions</span></h2>
+
+<p>
+The <code>setGlobal</code> function can be used to assign any convertible
+value into a global variable.
+</p>
+
+</section>
+
+<!--========================================================================-->
+
+</section>
+
+<section>
+
+<h1>4 - <span id="s4">Accessing Lua from C++</span></h1>
+
+<p>
+Because Lua is a <em>dynamically typed language</em>, special consideration
+is required to map values in Lua to C++. The following sections describe the
+classes and functions used for representing Lua types. Only the essential
+operations are explained; To gain understanding of all available functions,
+please refer to the documentation comments in the corresponding source files.
+</p>
+
+<!--========================================================================-->
+
+<section>
+
+<h2>4.1 - <span id="s4.1">Class LuaRef</span></h2>
+
+<p>
+The <code>LuaRef</code> class is a container which references any Lua type.
+It can hold anything which a Lua variable can hold: <strong>nil</strong>,
+number, boolean, string, table, function, thread, userdata, and
+lightuserdata. Because <code>LuaRef</code> uses the <code>Stack</code>
+template specializations to do its work, classes, functions, and data
+exported to Lua through namespace registrations can also be stored (these
+are instances of userdata). In general, a <code>LuaRef</code> can represent
+any <em>convertible</em> C++ type as well as all Lua types.
+</p>
+
+<p>
+A <code>LuaRef</code> variable constructed with no parameters produces a
+reference to <strong>nil</strong>:
+</p>
+
+<pre>
+LuaRef v (L); // References nil
+</pre>
+
+<p>
+To construct a <code>LuaRef</code> to a specific value, the two parameter
+constructor is used:
+</p>
+
+<pre>
+LuaRef v1 (L, 1); // A LUA_TNUMBER
+LuaRef v2 (L, 1.1); // Also a LUA_TNUMBER
+LuaRef v3 (L, true); // A LUA_TBOOLEAN
+LuaRef v4 (L, "string"); // A LUA_TSTRING
+</pre>
+
+<p>
+The functions <code>newTable</code> and <code>getGlobal</code> create
+references to new empty table and an existing value in the global table
+respectively:
+</p>
+
+<pre>
+LuaRef v1 = newTable (L); // Create a new table
+LuaRef v2 = getGlobal (L, "print") // Reference to _G ["print"]
+</pre>
+
+<p>
+A <code>LuaRef</code> can hold classes <em>registered</em> using LuaBridge:
+</p>
+
+<pre>
+class A;
+//...
+LuaRef v (L, new A); // A LuaBridge userdata holding a pointer to A
+</pre>
+
+<p>
+Any convertible type may be assigned to an already-existing <code>LuaRef</code>:
+</p>
+
+<pre>
+LuaRef v (L); // Nil
+v = newTable (L); // An empty table
+v = "string" // A string. The prevous value becomes
+ // eligible for garbage collection.
+</pre>
+
+<p>
+A <code>LuaRef</code> is itself a convertible type, and the convertible
+type <code>Nil</code> can be used to represent a Lua <strong>nil</strong>.
+</p>
+
+<pre>
+LuaRef v1 (L, "x"); // assign "x"
+LuaRef v2 (L, "y"); // assign "y"
+v2 = v1; // v2 becomes "x"
+v1 = "z"; // v1 becomes "z", v2 is unchanged
+v1 = newTable (L); // An empty table
+v2 = v1; // v2 references the same table as v1
+v1 = Nil (); // v1 becomes nil, table is still
+ // referenced by v2.
+</pre>
+
+<p>
+Values stored in a <code>LuaRef</code> object obey the same rules as
+variables in Lua: tables, functions, threads, and full userdata values are
+<em>objects</em>. The <code>LuaRef</code> does not actually <em>contain</em>
+these values, only <em>references</em> to them. Assignment, parameter
+passing, and function returns always manipulate references to such values;
+these operations do not imply any kind of copy.
+</p>
+
+<!--========================================================================-->
+
+<section>
+
+<h3>4.1.1 - <span id="s4.1.1">Type Conversions</span></h3>
+
+<p>
+A universal C++ conversion operator is provided for implicit conversions
+which allow a <code>LuaRef</code> to be used where any convertible type is
+expected. These operations will all compile:
+</p>
+
+<pre>
+void passInt (int);
+void passBool (bool);
+void passString (std::string);
+void passObject (A*);
+
+LuaRef v (L);
+//...
+passInt (v); // implicit conversion to int
+passBool (v); // implicit conversion to bool
+passString (v); // implicit conversion to string
+passObject (v); // must hold a registered LuaBridge class or a
+ // lua_error() will be called.
+</pre>
+
+<p>
+Since Lua types are dynamic, the conversion is performed at run time using
+traditional functions like <code>lua_toboolean</code> or
+<code>lua_tostring</code>. In some cases, the type information may be
+incorrect especially when passing objects of registered class types.
+When performing these conversions, LuaBridge may raise a Lua error by
+directly or indirectly calling <code>lua_error</code> To be bullet-proof,
+such code must either be wrapped in a <code>lua_pcall</code>, or you must
+install a Lua <em>panic function</em> that throws an exception which you
+can catch.
+</p>
+
+<p>
+When an explicit conversion is required (such as when writing templates),
+use the <code>cast</code> template function or an explicit C++ style cast.
+</p>
+
+<pre>
+void passString (std::string);
+
+LuaRef v (L);
+
+// The following are all equivalent:
+
+passString (std::string (v));
+passString ((std::string)v);
+passString (static_cast <std::string> (v));
+passString (v.cast <std::string> ());
+</pre>
+
+</section>
+
+<!--========================================================================-->
+
+<section>
+
+<h3>4.1.2 - <span id="s4.1.2">Visual Studio 2010, 2012</span></h3>
+
+<p>
+There is a defect with all versions of Visual Studio up to and including
+Visual Studio 2012 which prevents the implicit conversion operator from
+being applied when it is used as an operand in a boolean operator:
+</p>
+
+<pre>
+LuaRef v1 (L);
+LuaRef v2 (L);
+
+if (v1 || v2) { } // Compile error in Visual Studio
+
+// Work-arounds:
+if (v1.cast <bool> () || v2.cast <bool> ()) { }
+if (bool (v1) || bool (v2)) { }
+</pre>
+
+</section>
+
+<!--========================================================================-->
+
+</section>
+
+<section>
+
+<h2>4.2 - <span id="s4.2">Table Proxies</span></h2>
+
+<p>
+As tables are the sole data structuring mechanism in Lua, the
+<code>LuaRef</code> class provides robust facilities for accessing and
+manipulating table elements using a simple, precise syntax. Any convertible
+type may be used as a key or value. Applying the array indexing operator
+<code>[]</code> to a <code>LuaRef</code> returns a special temporary object
+called a <em>table proxy</em> which supports all the operations which can
+be performed on a <code>LuaRef</code>. In addition, assignments made to
+table proxies change the underlying table. Because table proxies are
+compiler-created temporary objects, you don't work with them directly. A
+LuaBridge table proxy should not be confused with the Lua proxy table
+technique described in the book "Programming in Lua"; the LuaBridge table
+proxy is simply an intermediate C++ class object that works behind the
+scenes to make table manipulation syntax conform to C++ idioms. These
+operations all invoke table proxies:
+</p>
+
+<pre>
+LuaRef v (L);
+v = newTable (L);
+
+v ["name"] = "John Doe"; // string key, string value
+v [1] = 200; // integer key, integer value
+v [2] = newTable (L); // integer key, LuaRef value
+v [3] = v [1]; // assign 200 to integer index 3
+v [1] = 100; // v[1] is 100, v[3] is still 200
+v [3] = v [2]; // v[2] and v[3] reference the same table
+v [2] = Nil (); // Removes the value with key = 2. The table
+ // is still referenced by v[3].
+</pre>
+
+</section>
+
+<!--========================================================================-->
+
+<section>
+
+<h2>4.3 - <span id="s4.3">Calling Lua</span></h2>
+
+<p>
+Table proxies and <code>LuaRef</code> objects provide a convenient syntax
+for invoking <code>lua_pcall</code> on suitable referenced object. This
+includes C functions, Lua functions, or Lua objects with an appropriate
+<code>__call</code> metamethod set. The provided implementation supports
+up to eight parameters (although more can be supported by adding new
+functions). Any convertible C++ type can be passed as a parameter in its
+native format. The return value of the function call is provided as a
+<code>LuaRef</code>, which may be <strong>nil</strong>.
+</p>
+
+<pre class="split">
+LuaRef same = getGlobal (L, "same");
+
+// These all evaluate to true
+same (1,1);
+!same (1,2);
+same ("text", "text");
+!same (1, "text");
+same (1, 1, 2); // third param ignored
+</pre>
+
+<pre class="split">
+function same (arg1, arg)
+ return arg1 == arg2
+end
+</pre>
+
+<p>
+Table proxies support all of the Lua call notation that <code>LuaRef</code>
+supports, making these statements possible:
+</p>
+
+<pre class="split">
+LuaRef v = getGlobal (L, "t");
+
+t[1]();
+t[2]("a", "b");
+t[2](t[1]); // Call t[3] with the value in t[2]
+t[4]=t[3](); // Call t[3] and store the result in t[4].
+
+t [t[5]()] = "wow"; // Store "wow" at the key returned by
+ // the call to t[5]
+</pre>
+
+<pre class="split">
+t = {}
+t[1] = function () print ("hello") end
+t[2] = function (u, v) print (u, v) end
+t[3] = "foo"
+</pre>
+
+<!--========================================================================-->
+
+<h3>4.3.1 - <span id="s4.3.1">Class LuaException</span></h3>
+
+<section >
+
+<p>
+When <code>LuaRef</code> is used to call into Lua using the <code>()</code>
+operator it issues a protected call using <code>lua_pcall</code>. LuaBridge
+uses the C++ exception handling mechanism, throwing a <code>LuaException</code>
+object:
+</p>
+
+<pre class="split">
+LuaRef f (L) = getGlobal (L, "fail");
+
+try {
+ f ();
+}
+catch (LuaException const& e) {
+ std::cerr && e.what ();
+}
+</pre>
+
+<pre class="split">
+function fail ()
+ error ("A problem occurred")
+end
+</pre>
+
+</section>
+
+<!--========================================================================-->
+
+</section>
+
+<!--========================================================================-->
+
+</section>
+
+<section>
+
+<h1>5 - <span id="s5">Security</span></h1>
+
+<p>
+The metatables and userdata that LuaBridge creates in the <code>lua_State*</code> are
+protected using a security system, to eliminate the possibility of undefined
+behavior resulting from scripted manipulation of the environment. The
+security system has these components:
+</p>
+
+<ul class="bullets">
+<li>
+Class and const class tables use the <em>table proxy</em> technique. The
+corresponding metatables have <code>__index</code> and <code>__newindex</code>
+metamethods, so these class tables are immutable from Lua.
+<li>
+Metatables have <code>__metatable</code> set to a boolean value. Scripts
+cannot obtain the metatable from a LuaBridge object.
+<li>
+Classes are mapped to metatables through the registry, which Lua scripts
+cannot access. The global environment does not expose metatables
+<li>
+Metatables created by LuaBridge are tagged with a lightuserdata key which
+is unique in the process. Other libraries cannot forge a LuaBridge
+metatable.
+</ul>
+
+<p>
+This security system can be easily bypassed if scripts are given access to
+the debug library (or functionality similar to it, i.e. a raw <code>getmetatable</code>).
+The security system can also be defeated by C code in the host, either by
+revealing the unique lightuserdata key to another module or by putting a
+LuaBridge metatable in a place that can be accessed by scripts.
+</p>
+
+<p>
+When a class member function is called, or class property member accessed,
+the <code>this</code> pointer is type-checked. This is because member functions exposed
+to Lua are just plain functions that usually get called with the Lua colon
+notation, which passes the object in question as the first parameter. Lua's
+dynamic typing makes this type-checking mandatory to prevent undefined
+behavior resulting from improper use.
+</p>
+
+<p>
+If a type check error occurs, LuaBridge uses the <code>lua_error</code>
+mechanism to trigger a failure. A host program can always recover from
+an error through the use of <code>lua_pcall</code>; proper usage of
+LuaBridge will never result in undefined behavior.
+</p>
+
+</section>
+
+<!--========================================================================-->
+
+</body>
+</html>
+
--- /dev/null
+<a href="http://lua.org">
+<img src="http://vinniefalco.github.com/LuaBridgeDemo/powered-by-lua.png">
+</a><br>
+
+# LuaBridge 2.3
+
+[LuaBridge][1] is a lightweight and dependency-free library for mapping data,
+functions, and classes back and forth between C++ and [Lua][2] (a powerful,
+fast, lightweight, embeddable scripting language) . LuaBridge has been tested
+and works with Lua revisions starting from 5.1.5., although it should work in
+any version of Lua from 5.1.0 as well as [LuaJit][3].
+
+LuaBridge offers the following features:
+
+- [MIT Licensed][4]
+- A printable [Reference Manual][5].
+- Headers-only: No Makefile, no .cpp files, just one #include!
+- Simple, light, and nothing else needed (like Boost).
+- No macros, settings, or configuration scripts needed.
+- Supports different object lifetime management models.
+- Convenient, type-safe access to the Lua stack.
+- Automatic function parameter type binding.
+- Easy access to Lua objects like tables and functions.
+- Written in a clear and easy to debug style.
+- Does not require C++11.
+
+Please read the [LuaBridge Reference Manual][5] for more details on the API.
+
+## Unit Tests
+
+Unit test build requires a CMake and C++11 compliant compiler.
+
+There are 4 unit test flavors:
+* `Tests51` - uses Lua 5.1, with C++11 features
+* `Tests51L` - uses Lua 5.1, no C++11 features
+* `Tests52` - uses Lua 5.2, with C++11 features
+* `Tests52L` - uses Lua 5.2, no C++11 features
+
+On Linux/MacOS:
+```bash
+clone --recurse-submodules git@github.com:vinniefalco/LuaBridge.git
+cd LuaBridge
+mkdir build
+cd build
+cmake -DCMAKE_BUILD_TYPE=<Debug|RelWithDebInfo|Release> ..
+make -j
+```
+
+On Windows:
+```cmd
+clone --recurse-submodules git@github.com:vinniefalco/LuaBridge.git
+cd LuaBridge
+mkdir build
+cd build
+cmake -G 'Visual Studio 14 2015|Visual Studio 15 2017' ..
+# Generated MSVS solution is LuaBridge.sln
+```
+
+# LuaBridge Demo
+
+LuaBridge provides both a command line program and a stand-alone graphical
+program for compiling and running the test suite. The graphical program brings
+up an interactive window where you can enter execute Lua statements in a
+persistent environment. This application is cross platform and works on
+Windows, Mac OS, iOS, Android, and GNU/Linux systems with X11. The stand-alone
+program should work anywhere. Both of these applications include LuaBridge,
+Lua version 5.2, and the code necessary to produce a cross platform graphic
+application. They are all together in a separate repository, with no
+additional dependencies, available on Github at [LuaBridge Demo and Tests][6].
+This is what the GUI application looks like, along with the C++ code snippet
+for registering the two classes:
+
+<a href="https://github.com/vinniefalco/LuaBridgeDemo">
+<img src="http://vinniefalco.github.com/LuaBridgeDemo/LuaBridgeDemoScreenshot1.0.2.png">
+</a><br>
+
+## Official Repository
+
+LuaBridge is published under the terms of the [MIT License][4].
+
+The original version of LuaBridge was written by Nathan Reed. The project has
+been taken over by [Vinnie Falco][7], who added new functionality, wrote the new
+documentation, and incorporated contributions from Nigel Atkinson.
+
+For questions, comments, or bug reports feel free to open a Github issue
+or contact Vinnie Falco directly at the email address indicated below.
+
+Copyright 2019, Dmitry Tarakanov<br>
+Copyright 2012, [Vinnie Falco][7] (<[vinnie.falco@gmail.com][8]>)<br>
+Copyright 2008, Nigel Atkinson<br>
+Copyright 2007, Nathan Reed<br>
+
+Portions from The Loki Library:<br>
+Copyright (C) 2001 by Andrei Alexandrescu
+
+Older versions of LuaBridge up to and including 0.2 are distributed under the
+BSD 3-Clause License. See the corresponding license file in those versions
+(distributed separately) for more details.
+
+[1]: https://github.com/vinniefalco/LuaBridge "LuaBridge"
+[2]: http://lua.org "The Lua Programming Language"
+[3]: http://luajit.org/ "The LuaJIT Probject"
+[4]: http://www.opensource.org/licenses/mit-license.html "The MIT License"
+[5]: http://vinniefalco.github.com/LuaBridge "LuaBridge Reference Manual"
+[6]: https://github.com/vinniefalco/LuaBridgeDemo "LuaBridge Demo"
+[7]: https://github.com/vinniefalco "Vinnie Falco's Github"
+[8]: mailto:vinnie.falco@gmail.com "Vinnie Falco (Email)"
--- /dev/null
+set (LUABRIDGE_HEADERS
+ ${CMAKE_CURRENT_SOURCE_DIR}/LuaBridge/List.h
+ ${CMAKE_CURRENT_SOURCE_DIR}/LuaBridge/LuaBridge.h
+ ${CMAKE_CURRENT_SOURCE_DIR}/LuaBridge/Map.h
+ ${CMAKE_CURRENT_SOURCE_DIR}/LuaBridge/RefCountedObject.h
+ ${CMAKE_CURRENT_SOURCE_DIR}/LuaBridge/RefCountedPtr.h
+ ${CMAKE_CURRENT_SOURCE_DIR}/LuaBridge/UnorderedMap.h
+ ${CMAKE_CURRENT_SOURCE_DIR}/LuaBridge/Vector.h
+)
+source_group ("LuaBridge" FILES ${LUABRIDGE_HEADERS})
+
+set (LUABRIDGE_DETAIL_HEADERS
+ ${CMAKE_CURRENT_SOURCE_DIR}/LuaBridge/detail/CFunctions.h
+ ${CMAKE_CURRENT_SOURCE_DIR}/LuaBridge/detail/ClassInfo.h
+ ${CMAKE_CURRENT_SOURCE_DIR}/LuaBridge/detail/Config.h
+ ${CMAKE_CURRENT_SOURCE_DIR}/LuaBridge/detail/Constructor.h
+ ${CMAKE_CURRENT_SOURCE_DIR}/LuaBridge/detail/dump.h
+ ${CMAKE_CURRENT_SOURCE_DIR}/LuaBridge/detail/FuncTraits.h
+ ${CMAKE_CURRENT_SOURCE_DIR}/LuaBridge/detail/Iterator.h
+ ${CMAKE_CURRENT_SOURCE_DIR}/LuaBridge/detail/LuaException.h
+ ${CMAKE_CURRENT_SOURCE_DIR}/LuaBridge/detail/LuaHelpers.h
+ ${CMAKE_CURRENT_SOURCE_DIR}/LuaBridge/detail/LuaRef.h
+ ${CMAKE_CURRENT_SOURCE_DIR}/LuaBridge/detail/Namespace.h
+ ${CMAKE_CURRENT_SOURCE_DIR}/LuaBridge/detail/Stack.h
+ ${CMAKE_CURRENT_SOURCE_DIR}/LuaBridge/detail/TypeList.h
+ ${CMAKE_CURRENT_SOURCE_DIR}/LuaBridge/detail/TypeTraits.h
+ ${CMAKE_CURRENT_SOURCE_DIR}/LuaBridge/detail/Userdata.h
+)
+source_group ("LuaBridge\\detail" FILES ${LUABRIDGE_DETAIL_HEADERS})
+
+add_library (LuaBridge INTERFACE)
+target_sources (LuaBridge INTERFACE
+ ${LUABRIDGE_HEADERS}
+ ${LUABRIDGE_DETAIL_HEADERS}
+)
+target_include_directories (LuaBridge INTERFACE .)
+
+if (MSVC)
+ add_custom_target (LuaBridgeLibrary SOURCES
+ ${LUABRIDGE_HEADERS}
+ ${LUABRIDGE_DETAIL_HEADERS}
+ )
+endif ()
--- /dev/null
+// https://github.com/vinniefalco/LuaBridge
+//
+// Copyright 2018, Dmitry Tarakanov
+// SPDX-License-Identifier: MIT
+
+#pragma once
+
+#include <LuaBridge/detail/Stack.h>
+
+#include <list>
+
+namespace luabridge {
+
+template <class T>
+struct Stack <std::list <T> >
+{
+ static void push (lua_State* L, std::list <T> const& list)
+ {
+ lua_createtable (L, static_cast <int> (list.size ()), 0);
+ typename std::list <T>::const_iterator item = list.begin ();
+ for (std::size_t i = 1; i <= list.size (); ++i)
+ {
+ lua_pushinteger (L, static_cast <lua_Integer> (i));
+ Stack <T>::push (L, *item);
+ lua_settable (L, -3);
+ ++item;
+ }
+ }
+
+ static std::list <T> get (lua_State* L, int index)
+ {
+ if (!lua_istable (L, index))
+ {
+ luaL_error (L, "#%d argments must be table", index);
+ }
+
+ std::list <T> list;
+
+ int const absindex = lua_absindex (L, index);
+ lua_pushnil (L);
+ while (lua_next (L, absindex) != 0)
+ {
+ list.push_back (Stack <T>::get (L, -1));
+ lua_pop (L, 1);
+ }
+ return list;
+ }
+};
+
+} // namespace luabridge
--- /dev/null
+//------------------------------------------------------------------------------
+/*
+ https://github.com/vinniefalco/LuaBridge
+
+ Copyright 2019, Dmitry Tarakanov
+ Copyright 2012, Vinnie Falco <vinnie.falco@gmail.com>
+ Copyright 2007, Nathan Reed
+
+ License: The MIT License (http://www.opensource.org/licenses/mit-license.php)
+
+ Permission is hereby granted, free of charge, to any person obtaining a copy
+ of this software and associated documentation files (the "Software"), to deal
+ in the Software without restriction, including without limitation the rights
+ to use, copy, modify, merge, publish, distribute, sublicense, and/or sell
+ copies of the Software, and to permit persons to whom the Software is
+ furnished to do so, subject to the following conditions:
+
+ The above copyright notice and this permission notice shall be included in all
+ copies or substantial portions of the Software.
+
+ THE SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED "AS IS", WITHOUT WARRANTY OF ANY KIND, EXPRESS OR
+ IMPLIED, INCLUDING BUT NOT LIMITED TO THE WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY,
+ FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE AND NONINFRINGEMENT. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE
+ AUTHORS OR COPYRIGHT HOLDERS BE LIABLE FOR ANY CLAIM, DAMAGES OR OTHER
+ LIABILITY, WHETHER IN AN ACTION OF CONTRACT, TORT OR OTHERWISE, ARISING FROM,
+ OUT OF OR IN CONNECTION WITH THE SOFTWARE OR THE USE OR OTHER DEALINGS IN THE
+ SOFTWARE.
+*/
+//==============================================================================
+
+#pragma once
+
+// All #include dependencies are listed here
+// instead of in the individual header files.
+//
+
+#define LUABRIDGE_MAJOR_VERSION 2
+#define LUABRIDGE_MINOR_VERSION 3
+#define LUABRIDGE_VERSION 203
+
+#ifndef LUA_VERSION_NUM
+#error "Lua headers must be included prior to LuaBridge ones"
+#endif
+
+
+#include <LuaBridge/detail/LuaHelpers.h>
+#include <LuaBridge/detail/TypeTraits.h>
+#include <LuaBridge/detail/TypeList.h>
+#include <LuaBridge/detail/FuncTraits.h>
+#include <LuaBridge/detail/Constructor.h>
+#include <LuaBridge/detail/ClassInfo.h>
+#include <LuaBridge/detail/LuaException.h>
+#include <LuaBridge/detail/LuaRef.h>
+#include <LuaBridge/detail/Iterator.h>
+#include <LuaBridge/detail/Userdata.h>
+#include <LuaBridge/detail/CFunctions.h>
+#include <LuaBridge/detail/Security.h>
+#include <LuaBridge/detail/Stack.h>
+#include <LuaBridge/detail/Namespace.h>
--- /dev/null
+// https://github.com/vinniefalco/LuaBridge
+//
+// Copyright 2018, Dmitry Tarakanov
+// SPDX-License-Identifier: MIT
+
+#pragma once
+
+#include <LuaBridge/detail/Stack.h>
+
+#include <map>
+
+namespace luabridge {
+
+template <class K, class V>
+struct Stack <std::map <K, V> >
+{
+ typedef std::map <K, V> Map;
+
+ static void push (lua_State* L, const Map& map)
+ {
+ lua_createtable (L, 0, static_cast <int> (map.size ()));
+ typedef typename Map::const_iterator ConstIter;
+ for (ConstIter i = map.begin (); i != map.end (); ++i)
+ {
+ Stack <K>::push (L, i->first);
+ Stack <V>::push (L, i->second);
+ lua_settable (L, -3);
+ }
+ }
+
+ static Map get (lua_State* L, int index)
+ {
+ if (!lua_istable (L, index))
+ {
+ luaL_error (L, "#%d argments must be table", index);
+ }
+
+ Map map;
+ int const absindex = lua_absindex (L, index);
+ lua_pushnil (L);
+ while (lua_next (L, absindex) != 0)
+ {
+ map.emplace (Stack <K>::get (L, -2), Stack <V>::get (L, -1));
+ lua_pop (L, 1);
+ }
+ return map;
+ }
+};
+
+} // namespace luabridge
--- /dev/null
+//==============================================================================
+/*
+ https://github.com/vinniefalco/LuaBridge
+
+ Copyright 2012, Vinnie Falco <vinnie.falco@gmail.com>
+ Copyright 2004-11 by Raw Material Software Ltd.
+
+ This is a derivative work used by permission from part of
+ JUCE, available at http://www.rawaterialsoftware.com
+
+ License: The MIT License (http://www.opensource.org/licenses/mit-license.php)
+
+ Permission is hereby granted, free of charge, to any person obtaining a copy
+ of this software and associated documentation files (the "Software"), to deal
+ in the Software without restriction, including without limitation the rights
+ to use, copy, modify, merge, publish, distribute, sublicense, and/or sell
+ copies of the Software, and to permit persons to whom the Software is
+ furnished to do so, subject to the following conditions:
+
+ The above copyright notice and this permission notice shall be included in all
+ copies or substantial portions of the Software.
+
+ THE SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED "AS IS", WITHOUT WARRANTY OF ANY KIND, EXPRESS OR
+ IMPLIED, INCLUDING BUT NOT LIMITED TO THE WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY,
+ FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE AND NONINFRINGEMENT. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE
+ AUTHORS OR COPYRIGHT HOLDERS BE LIABLE FOR ANY CLAIM, DAMAGES OR OTHER
+ LIABILITY, WHETHER IN AN ACTION OF CONTRACT, TORT OR OTHERWISE, ARISING FROM,
+ OUT OF OR IN CONNECTION WITH THE SOFTWARE OR THE USE OR OTHER DEALINGS IN THE
+ SOFTWARE.
+
+ This file incorporates work covered by the following copyright and
+ permission notice:
+
+ This file is part of the JUCE library - "Jules' Utility Class Extensions"
+ Copyright 2004-11 by Raw Material Software Ltd.
+*/
+//==============================================================================
+
+#pragma once
+
+//#define LUABRIDGE_COMPILER_SUPPORTS_MOVE_SEMANTICS 1
+
+#include <LuaBridge/detail/TypeTraits.h>
+
+#include <cassert>
+
+namespace luabridge {
+
+//==============================================================================
+/**
+ Adds reference-counting to an object.
+
+ To add reference-counting to a class, derive it from this class, and
+ use the RefCountedObjectPtr class to point to it.
+
+ e.g. @code
+ class MyClass : public RefCountedObjectType
+ {
+ void foo();
+
+ // This is a neat way of declaring a typedef for a pointer class,
+ // rather than typing out the full templated name each time..
+ typedef RefCountedObjectPtr<MyClass> Ptr;
+ };
+
+ MyClass::Ptr p = new MyClass();
+ MyClass::Ptr p2 = p;
+ p = 0;
+ p2->foo();
+ @endcode
+
+ Once a new RefCountedObjectType has been assigned to a pointer, be
+ careful not to delete the object manually.
+*/
+template <class CounterType>
+class RefCountedObjectType
+{
+public:
+ //==============================================================================
+ /** Increments the object's reference count.
+
+ This is done automatically by the smart pointer, but is public just
+ in case it's needed for nefarious purposes.
+ */
+ inline void incReferenceCount() const
+ {
+ ++refCount;
+ }
+
+ /** Decreases the object's reference count.
+
+ If the count gets to zero, the object will be deleted.
+ */
+ inline void decReferenceCount() const
+ {
+ assert (getReferenceCount() > 0);
+
+ if (--refCount == 0)
+ delete this;
+ }
+
+ /** Returns the object's current reference count. */
+ inline int getReferenceCount() const
+ {
+ return static_cast <int> (refCount);
+ }
+
+protected:
+ //==============================================================================
+ /** Creates the reference-counted object (with an initial ref count of zero). */
+ RefCountedObjectType() : refCount ()
+ {
+ }
+
+ /** Destructor. */
+ virtual ~RefCountedObjectType()
+ {
+ // it's dangerous to delete an object that's still referenced by something else!
+ assert (getReferenceCount() == 0);
+ }
+
+private:
+ //==============================================================================
+ CounterType mutable refCount;
+};
+
+//==============================================================================
+
+/** Non thread-safe reference counted object.
+
+ This creates a RefCountedObjectType that uses a non-atomic integer
+ as the counter.
+*/
+typedef RefCountedObjectType <int> RefCountedObject;
+
+//==============================================================================
+/**
+ A smart-pointer class which points to a reference-counted object.
+
+ The template parameter specifies the class of the object you want to point
+ to - the easiest way to make a class reference-countable is to simply make
+ it inherit from RefCountedObjectType, but if you need to, you could roll
+ your own reference-countable class by implementing a pair of methods called
+ incReferenceCount() and decReferenceCount().
+
+ When using this class, you'll probably want to create a typedef to
+ abbreviate the full templated name - e.g.
+
+ @code
+
+ typedef RefCountedObjectPtr <MyClass> MyClassPtr;
+
+ @endcode
+*/
+template <class ReferenceCountedObjectClass>
+class RefCountedObjectPtr
+{
+public:
+ /** The class being referenced by this pointer. */
+ typedef ReferenceCountedObjectClass ReferencedType;
+
+ //==============================================================================
+ /** Creates a pointer to a null object. */
+ inline RefCountedObjectPtr() : referencedObject (0)
+ {
+ }
+
+ /** Creates a pointer to an object.
+
+ This will increment the object's reference-count if it is non-null.
+ */
+ inline RefCountedObjectPtr (ReferenceCountedObjectClass* const refCountedObject)
+ : referencedObject (refCountedObject)
+ {
+ if (refCountedObject != 0)
+ refCountedObject->incReferenceCount();
+ }
+
+ /** Copies another pointer.
+ This will increment the object's reference-count (if it is non-null).
+ */
+ inline RefCountedObjectPtr (const RefCountedObjectPtr& other)
+ : referencedObject (other.referencedObject)
+ {
+ if (referencedObject != 0)
+ referencedObject->incReferenceCount();
+ }
+
+#if LUABRIDGE_COMPILER_SUPPORTS_MOVE_SEMANTICS
+ /** Takes-over the object from another pointer. */
+ inline RefCountedObjectPtr (RefCountedObjectPtr&& other)
+ : referencedObject (other.referencedObject)
+ {
+ other.referencedObject = 0;
+ }
+#endif
+
+ /** Copies another pointer.
+ This will increment the object's reference-count (if it is non-null).
+ */
+ template <class DerivedClass>
+ inline RefCountedObjectPtr (const RefCountedObjectPtr<DerivedClass>& other)
+ : referencedObject (static_cast <ReferenceCountedObjectClass*> (other.getObject()))
+ {
+ if (referencedObject != 0)
+ referencedObject->incReferenceCount();
+ }
+
+ /** Changes this pointer to point at a different object.
+
+ The reference count of the old object is decremented, and it might be
+ deleted if it hits zero. The new object's count is incremented.
+ */
+ RefCountedObjectPtr& operator= (const RefCountedObjectPtr& other)
+ {
+ return operator= (other.referencedObject);
+ }
+
+ /** Changes this pointer to point at a different object.
+
+ The reference count of the old object is decremented, and it might be
+ deleted if it hits zero. The new object's count is incremented.
+ */
+ template <class DerivedClass>
+ RefCountedObjectPtr& operator= (const RefCountedObjectPtr<DerivedClass>& other)
+ {
+ return operator= (static_cast <ReferenceCountedObjectClass*> (other.getObject()));
+ }
+
+#if LUABRIDGE_COMPILER_SUPPORTS_MOVE_SEMANTICS
+ /** Takes-over the object from another pointer. */
+ RefCountedObjectPtr& operator= (RefCountedObjectPtr&& other)
+ {
+ std::swap (referencedObject, other.referencedObject);
+ return *this;
+ }
+#endif
+
+ /** Changes this pointer to point at a different object.
+
+ The reference count of the old object is decremented, and it might be
+ deleted if it hits zero. The new object's count is incremented.
+ */
+ RefCountedObjectPtr& operator= (ReferenceCountedObjectClass* const newObject)
+ {
+ if (referencedObject != newObject)
+ {
+ if (newObject != 0)
+ newObject->incReferenceCount();
+
+ ReferenceCountedObjectClass* const oldObject = referencedObject;
+ referencedObject = newObject;
+
+ if (oldObject != 0)
+ oldObject->decReferenceCount();
+ }
+
+ return *this;
+ }
+
+ /** Destructor.
+
+ This will decrement the object's reference-count, and may delete it if it
+ gets to zero.
+ */
+ inline ~RefCountedObjectPtr()
+ {
+ if (referencedObject != 0)
+ referencedObject->decReferenceCount();
+ }
+
+ /** Returns the object that this pointer references.
+ The pointer returned may be zero, of course.
+ */
+ inline operator ReferenceCountedObjectClass*() const
+ {
+ return referencedObject;
+ }
+
+ // the -> operator is called on the referenced object
+ inline ReferenceCountedObjectClass* operator->() const
+ {
+ return referencedObject;
+ }
+
+ /** Returns the object that this pointer references.
+ The pointer returned may be zero, of course.
+ */
+ inline ReferenceCountedObjectClass* getObject() const
+ {
+ return referencedObject;
+ }
+
+private:
+ //==============================================================================
+ ReferenceCountedObjectClass* referencedObject;
+};
+
+/** Compares two ReferenceCountedObjectPointers. */
+template <class ReferenceCountedObjectClass>
+bool operator== (const RefCountedObjectPtr<ReferenceCountedObjectClass>& object1, ReferenceCountedObjectClass* const object2)
+{
+ return object1.getObject() == object2;
+}
+
+/** Compares two ReferenceCountedObjectPointers. */
+template <class ReferenceCountedObjectClass>
+bool operator== (const RefCountedObjectPtr<ReferenceCountedObjectClass>& object1, const RefCountedObjectPtr<ReferenceCountedObjectClass>& object2)
+{
+ return object1.getObject() == object2.getObject();
+}
+
+/** Compares two ReferenceCountedObjectPointers. */
+template <class ReferenceCountedObjectClass>
+bool operator== (ReferenceCountedObjectClass* object1, RefCountedObjectPtr<ReferenceCountedObjectClass>& object2)
+{
+ return object1 == object2.getObject();
+}
+
+/** Compares two ReferenceCountedObjectPointers. */
+template <class ReferenceCountedObjectClass>
+bool operator!= (const RefCountedObjectPtr<ReferenceCountedObjectClass>& object1, const ReferenceCountedObjectClass* object2)
+{
+ return object1.getObject() != object2;
+}
+
+/** Compares two ReferenceCountedObjectPointers. */
+template <class ReferenceCountedObjectClass>
+bool operator!= (const RefCountedObjectPtr<ReferenceCountedObjectClass>& object1, RefCountedObjectPtr<ReferenceCountedObjectClass>& object2)
+{
+ return object1.getObject() != object2.getObject();
+}
+
+/** Compares two ReferenceCountedObjectPointers. */
+template <class ReferenceCountedObjectClass>
+bool operator!= (ReferenceCountedObjectClass* object1, RefCountedObjectPtr<ReferenceCountedObjectClass>& object2)
+{
+ return object1 != object2.getObject();
+}
+
+//==============================================================================
+
+template <class T>
+struct ContainerTraits <RefCountedObjectPtr <T> >
+{
+ typedef T Type;
+
+ static T* get (RefCountedObjectPtr <T> const& c)
+ {
+ return c.getObject ();
+ }
+};
+
+//==============================================================================
+
+} // namespace luabridge
--- /dev/null
+//==============================================================================
+/*
+ https://github.com/vinniefalco/LuaBridge
+
+ Copyright 2019, Dmitry Tarakanov
+ Copyright 2012, Vinnie Falco <vinnie.falco@gmail.com>
+ Copyright 2007, Nathan Reed
+
+ License: The MIT License (http://www.opensource.org/licenses/mit-license.php)
+
+ Permission is hereby granted, free of charge, to any person obtaining a copy
+ of this software and associated documentation files (the "Software"), to deal
+ in the Software without restriction, including without limitation the rights
+ to use, copy, modify, merge, publish, distribute, sublicense, and/or sell
+ copies of the Software, and to permit persons to whom the Software is
+ furnished to do so, subject to the following conditions:
+
+ The above copyright notice and this permission notice shall be included in all
+ copies or substantial portions of the Software.
+
+ THE SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED "AS IS", WITHOUT WARRANTY OF ANY KIND, EXPRESS OR
+ IMPLIED, INCLUDING BUT NOT LIMITED TO THE WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY,
+ FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE AND NONINFRINGEMENT. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE
+ AUTHORS OR COPYRIGHT HOLDERS BE LIABLE FOR ANY CLAIM, DAMAGES OR OTHER
+ LIABILITY, WHETHER IN AN ACTION OF CONTRACT, TORT OR OTHERWISE, ARISING FROM,
+ OUT OF OR IN CONNECTION WITH THE SOFTWARE OR THE USE OR OTHER DEALINGS IN THE
+ SOFTWARE.
+*/
+//==============================================================================
+
+#pragma once
+
+#include <unordered_map>
+#include "RefCountedObject.h"
+
+namespace luabridge {
+
+//==============================================================================
+/**
+ Support for our RefCountedPtr.
+*/
+struct RefCountedPtrBase
+{
+ // Declaration of container for the refcounts
+ typedef std::unordered_map <const void *, int> RefCountsType;
+
+protected:
+ RefCountsType& getRefCounts () const
+ {
+ static RefCountsType refcounts;
+ return refcounts ;
+ }
+};
+
+//==============================================================================
+/**
+ A reference counted smart pointer.
+
+ The api is compatible with boost::RefCountedPtr and std::RefCountedPtr, in the
+ sense that it implements a strict subset of the functionality.
+
+ This implementation uses a hash table to look up the reference count
+ associated with a particular pointer.
+
+ @tparam T The class type.
+
+ @todo Decompose RefCountedPtr using a policy. At a minimum, the underlying
+ reference count should be policy based (to support atomic operations)
+ and the delete behavior should be policy based (to support custom
+ disposal methods).
+
+ @todo Provide an intrusive version of RefCountedPtr.
+*/
+template <class T>
+class RefCountedPtr : private RefCountedPtrBase
+{
+public:
+ template <typename Other>
+ struct rebind
+ {
+ typedef RefCountedPtr <Other> other;
+ };
+
+ /** Construct as nullptr or from existing pointer to T.
+
+ @param p The optional, existing pointer to assign from.
+ */
+ RefCountedPtr (T* p = 0) : m_p (p)
+ {
+ ++getRefCounts () [m_p];
+ }
+
+ /** Construct from another RefCountedPtr.
+
+ @param rhs The RefCountedPtr to assign from.
+ */
+ RefCountedPtr (RefCountedPtr <T> const& rhs) : m_p (rhs.get())
+ {
+ ++getRefCounts () [m_p];
+ }
+
+ /** Construct from a RefCountedPtr of a different type.
+
+ @invariant A pointer to U must be convertible to a pointer to T.
+
+ @param rhs The RefCountedPtr to assign from.
+ @tparam U The other object type.
+ */
+ template <typename U>
+ RefCountedPtr (RefCountedPtr <U> const& rhs) : m_p (static_cast <T*> (rhs.get()))
+ {
+ ++getRefCounts () [m_p];
+ }
+
+ /** Release the object.
+
+ If there are no more references then the object is deleted.
+ */
+ ~RefCountedPtr ()
+ {
+ reset();
+ }
+
+ /** Assign from another RefCountedPtr.
+
+ @param rhs The RefCountedPtr to assign from.
+ @return A reference to the RefCountedPtr.
+ */
+ RefCountedPtr <T>& operator= (RefCountedPtr <T> const& rhs)
+ {
+ if (m_p != rhs.m_p)
+ {
+ reset ();
+ m_p = rhs.m_p;
+ ++getRefCounts () [m_p];
+ }
+ return *this;
+ }
+
+ /** Assign from another RefCountedPtr of a different type.
+
+ @note A pointer to U must be convertible to a pointer to T.
+
+ @tparam U The other object type.
+ @param rhs The other RefCountedPtr to assign from.
+ @return A reference to the RefCountedPtr.
+ */
+ template <typename U>
+ RefCountedPtr <T>& operator= (RefCountedPtr <U> const& rhs)
+ {
+ reset ();
+ m_p = static_cast <T*> (rhs.get());
+ ++getRefCounts () [m_p];
+ return *this;
+ }
+
+ /** Retrieve the raw pointer.
+
+ @return A pointer to the object.
+ */
+ T* get () const
+ {
+ return m_p;
+ }
+
+ /** Retrieve the raw pointer.
+
+ @return A pointer to the object.
+ */
+ T* operator* () const
+ {
+ return m_p;
+ }
+
+ /** Retrieve the raw pointer.
+
+ @return A pointer to the object.
+ */
+ T* operator-> () const
+ {
+ return m_p;
+ }
+
+ /** Determine the number of references.
+
+ @note This is not thread-safe.
+
+ @return The number of active references.
+ */
+ long use_count () const
+ {
+ return getRefCounts () [m_p];
+ }
+
+ /** Release the pointer.
+
+ The reference count is decremented. If the reference count reaches
+ zero, the object is deleted.
+ */
+ void reset ()
+ {
+ if (m_p != 0)
+ {
+ if (--getRefCounts () [m_p] <= 0)
+ delete m_p;
+
+ m_p = 0;
+ }
+ }
+
+private:
+ T* m_p;
+};
+
+template <class T>
+bool operator== (const RefCountedPtr <T>& lhs, const RefCountedPtr <T>& rhs)
+{
+ return lhs.get () == rhs.get ();
+}
+
+template <class T>
+bool operator!= (const RefCountedPtr <T>& lhs, const RefCountedPtr <T>& rhs)
+{
+ return lhs.get() != rhs.get();
+}
+
+//==============================================================================
+
+// forward declaration
+template <class T>
+struct ContainerTraits;
+
+template <class T>
+struct ContainerTraits <RefCountedPtr <T> >
+{
+ typedef T Type;
+
+ static T* get (RefCountedPtr <T> const& c)
+ {
+ return c.get ();
+ }
+};
+
+} // namespace luabridge
--- /dev/null
+// https://github.com/vinniefalco/LuaBridge
+//
+// Copyright 2019, Dmitry Tarakanov
+// SPDX-License-Identifier: MIT
+
+#pragma once
+
+#include <LuaBridge/detail/Stack.h>
+
+#include <unordered_map>
+
+namespace luabridge {
+
+template <class K, class V>
+struct Stack <std::unordered_map <K, V>>
+{
+ typedef std::unordered_map <K, V> Map;
+
+ static void push (lua_State* L, const Map& map)
+ {
+ lua_createtable (L, 0, static_cast <int> (map.size ()));
+ typedef typename Map::const_iterator ConstIter;
+ for (ConstIter i = map.begin (); i != map.end (); ++i)
+ {
+ Stack <K>::push (L, i->first);
+ Stack <V>::push (L, i->second);
+ lua_settable (L, -3);
+ }
+ }
+
+ static Map get (lua_State* L, int index)
+ {
+ if (!lua_istable (L, index))
+ {
+ luaL_error (L, "#%d argments must be table", index);
+ }
+
+ Map map;
+ int const absindex = lua_absindex (L, index);
+ lua_pushnil (L);
+ while (lua_next (L, absindex) != 0)
+ {
+ map.emplace (Stack <K>::get (L, -2), Stack <V>::get (L, -1));
+ lua_pop (L, 1);
+ }
+ return map;
+ }
+};
+
+} // namespace luabridge
--- /dev/null
+// https://github.com/vinniefalco/LuaBridge
+//
+// Copyright 2018, Dmitry Tarakanov
+// SPDX-License-Identifier: MIT
+
+#pragma once
+
+#include <LuaBridge/detail/Stack.h>
+
+#include <vector>
+
+namespace luabridge {
+
+template <class T>
+struct Stack <std::vector <T> >
+{
+ static void push (lua_State* L, std::vector <T> const& vector)
+ {
+ lua_createtable (L, static_cast <int> (vector.size ()), 0);
+ for (std::size_t i = 0; i < vector.size (); ++i)
+ {
+ lua_pushinteger (L, static_cast <lua_Integer> (i + 1));
+ Stack <T>::push (L, vector [i]);
+ lua_settable (L, -3);
+ }
+ }
+
+ static std::vector <T> get (lua_State* L, int index)
+ {
+ if (!lua_istable (L, index))
+ {
+ luaL_error (L, "#%d argments must be table", index);
+ }
+
+ std::vector <T> vector;
+ vector.reserve (static_cast <std::size_t> (get_length (L, index)));
+
+ int const absindex = lua_absindex (L, index);
+ lua_pushnil (L);
+ while (lua_next (L, absindex) != 0)
+ {
+ vector.push_back (Stack <T>::get (L, -1));
+ lua_pop (L, 1);
+ }
+ return vector;
+ }
+};
+
+} // namespace luabridge
--- /dev/null
+//------------------------------------------------------------------------------
+/*
+ https://github.com/vinniefalco/LuaBridge
+
+ Copyright 2019, Dmitry Tarakanov
+ Copyright 2012, Vinnie Falco <vinnie.falco@gmail.com>
+
+ License: The MIT License (http://www.opensource.org/licenses/mit-license.php)
+
+ Permission is hereby granted, free of charge, to any person obtaining a copy
+ of this software and associated documentation files (the "Software"), to deal
+ in the Software without restriction, including without limitation the rights
+ to use, copy, modify, merge, publish, distribute, sublicense, and/or sell
+ copies of the Software, and to permit persons to whom the Software is
+ furnished to do so, subject to the following conditions:
+
+ The above copyright notice and this permission notice shall be included in all
+ copies or substantial portions of the Software.
+
+ THE SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED "AS IS", WITHOUT WARRANTY OF ANY KIND, EXPRESS OR
+ IMPLIED, INCLUDING BUT NOT LIMITED TO THE WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY,
+ FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE AND NONINFRINGEMENT. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE
+ AUTHORS OR COPYRIGHT HOLDERS BE LIABLE FOR ANY CLAIM, DAMAGES OR OTHER
+ LIABILITY, WHETHER IN AN ACTION OF CONTRACT, TORT OR OTHERWISE, ARISING FROM,
+ OUT OF OR IN CONNECTION WITH THE SOFTWARE OR THE USE OR OTHER DEALINGS IN THE
+ SOFTWARE.
+*/
+//==============================================================================
+
+#pragma once
+
+#include <LuaBridge/detail/Config.h>
+#include <LuaBridge/detail/FuncTraits.h>
+
+#include <string>
+
+namespace luabridge {
+
+// We use a structure so we can define everything in the header.
+//
+struct CFunc
+{
+ static void addGetter (lua_State* L, const char* name, int tableIndex)
+ {
+ assert (lua_istable (L, tableIndex));
+ assert (lua_iscfunction (L, -1)); // Stack: getter
+
+ lua_rawgetp (L, tableIndex, getPropgetKey ()); // Stack: getter, propget table (pg)
+ lua_pushvalue (L, -2); // Stack: getter, pg, getter
+ rawsetfield (L, -2, name); // Stack: getter, pg
+ lua_pop (L, 2); // Stack: -
+ }
+
+ static void addSetter (lua_State* L, const char* name, int tableIndex)
+ {
+ assert (lua_istable (L, tableIndex));
+ assert (lua_iscfunction (L, -1)); // Stack: setter
+
+ lua_rawgetp (L, tableIndex, getPropsetKey ()); // Stack: setter, propset table (ps)
+ lua_pushvalue (L, -2); // Stack: setter, ps, setter
+ rawsetfield (L, -2, name); // Stack: setter, ps
+ lua_pop (L, 2); // Stack: -
+ }
+
+ //----------------------------------------------------------------------------
+ /**
+ __index metamethod for a namespace or class static and non-static members.
+ Retrieves functions from metatables and properties from propget tables.
+ Looks through the class hierarchy if inheritance is present.
+ */
+ static int indexMetaMethod (lua_State* L)
+ {
+ assert (lua_istable (L, 1) || lua_isuserdata (L, 1)); // Stack (further not shown): table | userdata, name
+
+ lua_getmetatable (L, 1); // Stack: class/const table (mt)
+ assert (lua_istable (L, -1));
+
+ for (;;)
+ {
+ lua_pushvalue (L, 2); // Stack: mt, field name
+ lua_rawget (L, -2); // Stack: mt, field | nil
+
+ if (lua_iscfunction (L, -1)) // Stack: mt, field
+ {
+ lua_remove (L, -2); // Stack: field
+ return 1;
+ }
+
+ assert (lua_isnil (L, -1)); // Stack: mt, nil
+ lua_pop (L, 1); // Stack: mt
+
+ lua_rawgetp (L, -1, getPropgetKey ()); // Stack: mt, propget table (pg)
+ assert (lua_istable (L, -1));
+
+ lua_pushvalue (L, 2); // Stack: mt, pg, field name
+ lua_rawget (L, -2); // Stack: mt, pg, getter | nil
+ lua_remove (L, -2); // Stack: mt, getter | nil
+
+ if (lua_iscfunction (L, -1)) // Stack: mt, getter
+ {
+ lua_remove (L, -2); // Stack: getter
+ lua_pushvalue (L, 1); // Stack: getter, table | userdata
+ lua_call (L, 1, 1); // Stack: value
+ return 1;
+ }
+
+ assert (lua_isnil (L, -1)); // Stack: mt, nil
+ lua_pop (L, 1); // Stack: mt
+
+ // It may mean that the field may be in const table and it's constness violation.
+ // Don't check that, just return nil
+
+ // Repeat the lookup in the parent metafield,
+ // or return nil if the field doesn't exist.
+ lua_rawgetp (L, -1, getParentKey ()); // Stack: mt, parent mt | nil
+
+ if (lua_isnil (L, -1)) // Stack: mt, nil
+ {
+ lua_remove (L, -2); // Stack: nil
+ return 1;
+ }
+
+ // Removethe metatable and repeat the search in the parent one.
+ assert (lua_istable (L, -1)); // Stack: mt, parent mt
+ lua_remove (L, -2); // Stack: parent mt
+ }
+
+ // no return
+ }
+
+ //----------------------------------------------------------------------------
+ /**
+ __newindex metamethod for namespace or class static members.
+ Retrieves properties from propset tables.
+ */
+ static int newindexStaticMetaMethod (lua_State* L)
+ {
+ return newindexMetaMethod (L, false);
+ }
+
+ //----------------------------------------------------------------------------
+ /**
+ __newindex metamethod for non-static members.
+ Retrieves properties from propset tables.
+ */
+ static int newindexObjectMetaMethod (lua_State* L)
+ {
+ return newindexMetaMethod (L, true);
+ }
+
+ static int newindexMetaMethod (lua_State* L, bool pushSelf)
+ {
+ assert (lua_istable (L, 1) || lua_isuserdata (L, 1)); // Stack (further not shown): table | userdata, name, new value
+
+ lua_getmetatable (L, 1); // Stack: metatable (mt)
+ assert (lua_istable (L, -1));
+
+ for (;;)
+ {
+ lua_rawgetp (L, -1, getPropsetKey ()); // Stack: mt, propset table (ps) | nil
+
+ if (lua_isnil (L, -1)) // Stack: mt, nil
+ {
+ lua_pop (L, 2); // Stack: -
+ return luaL_error (L, "No member named '%s'", lua_tostring (L, 2));
+ }
+
+ assert (lua_istable (L, -1));
+
+ lua_pushvalue (L, 2); // Stack: mt, ps, field name
+ lua_rawget (L, -2); // Stack: mt, ps, setter | nil
+ lua_remove (L, -2); // Stack: mt, setter | nil
+
+ if (lua_iscfunction (L, -1)) // Stack: mt, setter
+ {
+ lua_remove (L, -2); // Stack: setter
+ if (pushSelf)
+ {
+ lua_pushvalue (L, 1); // Stack: setter, table | userdata
+ }
+ lua_pushvalue (L, 3); // Stack: setter, table | userdata, new value
+ lua_call (L, pushSelf ? 2 : 1, 0); // Stack: -
+ return 0;
+ }
+
+ assert (lua_isnil (L, -1)); // Stack: mt, nil
+ lua_pop (L, 1); // Stack: mt
+
+ lua_rawgetp (L, -1, getParentKey ()); // Stack: mt, parent mt | nil
+
+ if (lua_isnil (L, -1)) // Stack: mt, nil
+ {
+ lua_pop (L, 1); // Stack: -
+ return luaL_error (L, "No writable member '%s'", lua_tostring (L, 2));
+ }
+
+ assert (lua_istable (L, -1)); // Stack: mt, parent mt
+ lua_remove (L, -2); // Stack: parent mt
+ // Repeat the search in the parent
+ }
+
+ // no return
+ }
+
+ //----------------------------------------------------------------------------
+ /**
+ lua_CFunction to report an error writing to a read-only value.
+
+ The name of the variable is in the first upvalue.
+ */
+ static int readOnlyError (lua_State* L)
+ {
+ std::string s;
+
+ s = s + "'" + lua_tostring (L, lua_upvalueindex (1)) + "' is read-only";
+
+ return luaL_error (L, s.c_str ());
+ }
+
+ //----------------------------------------------------------------------------
+ /**
+ lua_CFunction to get a variable.
+
+ This is used for global variables or class static data members.
+
+ The pointer to the data is in the first upvalue.
+ */
+ template <class T>
+ static int getVariable (lua_State* L)
+ {
+ assert (lua_islightuserdata (L, lua_upvalueindex (1)));
+ T const* ptr = static_cast <T const*> (lua_touserdata (L, lua_upvalueindex (1)));
+ assert (ptr != 0);
+ Stack <T>::push (L, *ptr);
+ return 1;
+ }
+
+ //----------------------------------------------------------------------------
+ /**
+ lua_CFunction to set a variable.
+
+ This is used for global variables or class static data members.
+
+ The pointer to the data is in the first upvalue.
+ */
+ template <class T>
+ static int setVariable (lua_State* L)
+ {
+ assert (lua_islightuserdata (L, lua_upvalueindex (1)));
+ T* ptr = static_cast <T*> (lua_touserdata (L, lua_upvalueindex (1)));
+ assert (ptr != 0);
+ *ptr = Stack <T>::get (L, 1);
+ return 0;
+ }
+
+ //----------------------------------------------------------------------------
+ /**
+ lua_CFunction to call a function with a return value.
+
+ This is used for global functions, global properties, class static methods,
+ and class static properties.
+
+ The function pointer (lightuserdata) in the first upvalue.
+ */
+ template <class FnPtr>
+ struct Call
+ {
+ typedef typename FuncTraits <FnPtr>::Params Params;
+ typedef typename FuncTraits <FnPtr>::ReturnType ReturnType;
+
+ static int f (lua_State* L)
+ {
+ assert (lua_islightuserdata (L, lua_upvalueindex (1)));
+ FnPtr fnptr = reinterpret_cast <FnPtr> (lua_touserdata (L, lua_upvalueindex (1)));
+ assert (fnptr != 0);
+ return Invoke <ReturnType, Params, 1>::run (L, fnptr);
+ }
+ };
+
+ //----------------------------------------------------------------------------
+ /**
+ lua_CFunction to call a class member function with a return value.
+
+ The member function pointer is in the first upvalue.
+ The class userdata object is at the top of the Lua stack.
+ */
+ template <class MemFnPtr>
+ struct CallMember
+ {
+ typedef typename FuncTraits <MemFnPtr>::ClassType T;
+ typedef typename FuncTraits <MemFnPtr>::Params Params;
+ typedef typename FuncTraits <MemFnPtr>::ReturnType ReturnType;
+
+ static int f (lua_State* L)
+ {
+ assert (isfulluserdata (L, lua_upvalueindex (1)));
+ T* const t = Userdata::get <T> (L, 1, false);
+ MemFnPtr const& fnptr = *static_cast <MemFnPtr const*> (lua_touserdata (L, lua_upvalueindex (1)));
+ assert (fnptr != 0);
+ return Invoke <ReturnType, Params, 2>::run (L, t, fnptr);
+ }
+ };
+
+ template <class MemFnPtr>
+ struct CallConstMember
+ {
+ typedef typename FuncTraits <MemFnPtr>::ClassType T;
+ typedef typename FuncTraits <MemFnPtr>::Params Params;
+ typedef typename FuncTraits <MemFnPtr>::ReturnType ReturnType;
+
+ static int f (lua_State* L)
+ {
+ assert (isfulluserdata (L, lua_upvalueindex (1)));
+ T const* const t = Userdata::get <T> (L, 1, true);
+ MemFnPtr const& fnptr = *static_cast <MemFnPtr const*> (lua_touserdata (L, lua_upvalueindex (1)));
+ assert (fnptr != 0);
+ return Invoke <ReturnType, Params, 2>::run (L, t, fnptr);
+ }
+ };
+
+ //--------------------------------------------------------------------------
+ /**
+ lua_CFunction to call a class member lua_CFunction.
+
+ The member function pointer is in the first upvalue.
+ The object userdata ('this') value is at top ot the Lua stack.
+ */
+ template <class T>
+ struct CallMemberCFunction
+ {
+ static int f (lua_State* L)
+ {
+ assert (isfulluserdata (L, lua_upvalueindex (1)));
+ typedef int (T::*MFP) (lua_State* L);
+ T* const t = Userdata::get <T> (L, 1, false);
+ MFP const& fnptr = *static_cast <MFP const*> (lua_touserdata (L, lua_upvalueindex (1)));
+ assert (fnptr != 0);
+ return (t->*fnptr) (L);
+ }
+ };
+
+ template <class T>
+ struct CallConstMemberCFunction
+ {
+ static int f (lua_State* L)
+ {
+ assert (isfulluserdata (L, lua_upvalueindex (1)));
+ typedef int (T::*MFP) (lua_State* L);
+ T const* const t = Userdata::get <T> (L, 1, true);
+ MFP const& fnptr = *static_cast <MFP const*> (lua_touserdata (L, lua_upvalueindex (1)));
+ assert (fnptr != 0);
+ return (t->*fnptr) (L);
+ }
+ };
+
+#ifdef LUABRIDGE_CXX11
+
+ //--------------------------------------------------------------------------
+ /**
+ lua_CFunction to call on a object.
+
+ The proxy function pointer (lightuserdata) is in the first upvalue.
+ The class userdata object is at the top of the Lua stack.
+ */
+ template <class FnPtr>
+ struct CallProxyFunction
+ {
+ using Params = typename FuncTraits <FnPtr>::Params;
+ using ReturnType = typename FuncTraits <FnPtr>::ReturnType;
+
+ static int f (lua_State* L)
+ {
+ assert (lua_islightuserdata (L, lua_upvalueindex (1)));
+ auto fnptr = reinterpret_cast <FnPtr> (lua_touserdata (L, lua_upvalueindex (1)));
+ assert (fnptr != 0);
+ return Invoke <ReturnType, Params, 1>::run (L, fnptr);
+ }
+ };
+
+ template <class Functor>
+ struct CallProxyFunctor
+ {
+ using Params = typename FuncTraits <Functor>::Params;
+ using ReturnType = typename FuncTraits <Functor>::ReturnType;
+
+ static int f (lua_State* L)
+ {
+ assert (isfulluserdata (L, lua_upvalueindex (1)));
+ Functor& fn = *static_cast <Functor*> (lua_touserdata (L, lua_upvalueindex (1)));
+ return Invoke <ReturnType, Params, 1>::run (L, fn);
+ }
+ };
+
+#endif
+
+ //--------------------------------------------------------------------------
+
+ // SFINAE Helpers
+
+ template <class MemFnPtr, bool isConst>
+ struct CallMemberFunctionHelper
+ {
+ static void add (lua_State* L, char const* name, MemFnPtr mf)
+ {
+ new (lua_newuserdata (L, sizeof (MemFnPtr))) MemFnPtr (mf);
+ lua_pushcclosure (L, &CallConstMember <MemFnPtr>::f, 1);
+ lua_pushvalue (L, -1);
+ rawsetfield (L, -5, name); // const table
+ rawsetfield (L, -3, name); // class table
+ }
+ };
+
+ template <class MemFnPtr>
+ struct CallMemberFunctionHelper <MemFnPtr, false>
+ {
+ static void add (lua_State* L, char const* name, MemFnPtr mf)
+ {
+ new (lua_newuserdata (L, sizeof (MemFnPtr))) MemFnPtr (mf);
+ lua_pushcclosure (L, &CallMember <MemFnPtr>::f, 1);
+ rawsetfield (L, -3, name); // class table
+ }
+ };
+
+ //--------------------------------------------------------------------------
+ /**
+ __gc metamethod for a class.
+ */
+ template <class C>
+ static int gcMetaMethod (lua_State* L)
+ {
+ Userdata* const ud = Userdata::getExact <C> (L, 1);
+ ud->~Userdata ();
+ return 0;
+ }
+
+ /**
+ __gc metamethod for an arbitrary class.
+ */
+ template <class T>
+ static int gcMetaMethodAny (lua_State* L)
+ {
+ assert (isfulluserdata (L, 1));
+ T* t = static_cast <T*> (lua_touserdata (L, 1));
+ t->~T ();
+ return 0;
+ }
+
+ //--------------------------------------------------------------------------
+ /**
+ lua_CFunction to get a class data member.
+
+ The pointer-to-member is in the first upvalue.
+ The class userdata object is at the top of the Lua stack.
+ */
+ template <class C, typename T>
+ static int getProperty (lua_State* L)
+ {
+ C* const c = Userdata::get <C> (L, 1, true);
+ T C::** mp = static_cast <T C::**> (lua_touserdata (L, lua_upvalueindex (1)));
+ try
+ {
+ Stack <T&>::push (L, c->**mp);
+ }
+ catch (const std::exception& e)
+ {
+ luaL_error (L, e.what ());
+ }
+ return 1;
+ }
+
+ //--------------------------------------------------------------------------
+ /**
+ lua_CFunction to set a class data member.
+
+ The pointer-to-member is in the first upvalue.
+ The class userdata object is at the top of the Lua stack.
+ */
+ template <class C, typename T>
+ static int setProperty (lua_State* L)
+ {
+ C* const c = Userdata::get <C> (L, 1, false);
+ T C::** mp = static_cast <T C::**> (lua_touserdata (L, lua_upvalueindex (1)));
+ try
+ {
+ c->**mp = Stack <T>::get (L, 2);
+ }
+ catch (const std::exception& e)
+ {
+ luaL_error (L, e.what ());
+ }
+ return 0;
+ }
+};
+
+} // namespace luabridge
--- /dev/null
+//------------------------------------------------------------------------------
+/*
+ https://github.com/vinniefalco/LuaBridge
+
+ Copyright 2012, Vinnie Falco <vinnie.falco@gmail.com>
+
+ License: The MIT License (http://www.opensource.org/licenses/mit-license.php)
+
+ Permission is hereby granted, free of charge, to any person obtaining a copy
+ of this software and associated documentation files (the "Software"), to deal
+ in the Software without restriction, including without limitation the rights
+ to use, copy, modify, merge, publish, distribute, sublicense, and/or sell
+ copies of the Software, and to permit persons to whom the Software is
+ furnished to do so, subject to the following conditions:
+
+ The above copyright notice and this permission notice shall be included in all
+ copies or substantial portions of the Software.
+
+ THE SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED "AS IS", WITHOUT WARRANTY OF ANY KIND, EXPRESS OR
+ IMPLIED, INCLUDING BUT NOT LIMITED TO THE WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY,
+ FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE AND NONINFRINGEMENT. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE
+ AUTHORS OR COPYRIGHT HOLDERS BE LIABLE FOR ANY CLAIM, DAMAGES OR OTHER
+ LIABILITY, WHETHER IN AN ACTION OF CONTRACT, TORT OR OTHERWISE, ARISING FROM,
+ OUT OF OR IN CONNECTION WITH THE SOFTWARE OR THE USE OR OTHER DEALINGS IN THE
+ SOFTWARE.
+*/
+//==============================================================================
+
+#pragma once
+
+namespace luabridge {
+
+/**
+ * A unique key for a type name in a metatable.
+ */
+inline const void* getTypeKey ()
+{
+#ifdef _NDEBUG
+ static char value;
+ return &value;
+#else
+ return reinterpret_cast <void*> (0x71);
+#endif
+}
+
+/**
+ * The key of a const table in another metatable.
+ */
+inline const void* getConstKey ()
+{
+#ifdef _NDEBUG
+ static char value;
+ return &value;
+#else
+ return reinterpret_cast <void*> (0xc07);
+#endif
+}
+
+/**
+ * The key of a class table in another metatable.
+ */
+inline const void* getClassKey ()
+{
+#ifdef _NDEBUG
+ static char value;
+ return &value;
+#else
+ return reinterpret_cast <void*> (0xc1a);
+#endif
+}
+
+/**
+ * The key of a propget table in another metatable.
+ */
+inline const void* getPropgetKey ()
+{
+#ifdef _NDEBUG
+ static char value;
+ return &value;
+#else
+ return reinterpret_cast <void*> (0x6e7);
+#endif
+}
+
+/**
+ * The key of a propset table in another metatable.
+ */
+inline const void* getPropsetKey ()
+{
+#ifdef _NDEBUG
+ static char value;
+ return &value;
+#else
+ return reinterpret_cast <void*> (0x5e7);
+#endif
+}
+
+/**
+ * The key of a static table in another metatable.
+ */
+inline const void* getStaticKey ()
+{
+#ifdef _NDEBUG
+ static char value;
+ return &value;
+#else
+ return reinterpret_cast <void*> (0x57a);
+#endif
+}
+
+/**
+ * The key of a parent table in another metatable.
+ */
+inline const void* getParentKey ()
+{
+#ifdef _NDEBUG
+ static char value;
+ return &value;
+#else
+ return reinterpret_cast <void*> (0xdad);
+#endif
+}
+
+/** Unique Lua registry keys for a class.
+
+ Each registered class inserts three keys into the registry, whose
+ values are the corresponding static, class, and const metatables. This
+ allows a quick and reliable lookup for a metatable from a template type.
+*/
+template <class T>
+class ClassInfo
+{
+public:
+ /** Get the key for the static table.
+
+ The static table holds the static data members, static properties, and
+ static member functions for a class.
+ */
+ static void const* getStaticKey ()
+ {
+ static char value;
+ return &value;
+ }
+
+ /** Get the key for the class table.
+
+ The class table holds the data members, properties, and member functions
+ of a class. Read-only data and properties, and const member functions are
+ also placed here (to save a lookup in the const table).
+ */
+ static void const* getClassKey ()
+ {
+ static char value;
+ return &value;
+ }
+
+ /** Get the key for the const table.
+
+ The const table holds read-only data members and properties, and const
+ member functions of a class.
+ */
+ static void const* getConstKey ()
+ {
+ static char value;
+ return &value;
+ }
+};
+
+} // namespace luabridge
--- /dev/null
+// https://github.com/vinniefalco/LuaBridge
+//
+// Copyright 2019, Dmitry Tarakanov
+// SPDX-License-Identifier: MIT
+
+#pragma once
+
+#if !defined (LUABRIDGE_NO_CXX11) && (__cplusplus >= 201103L || (defined (_MSC_VER) && _MSC_VER >= 1900))
+#define LUABRIDGE_CXX11
+#endif
--- /dev/null
+//------------------------------------------------------------------------------
+/*
+ https://github.com/vinniefalco/LuaBridge
+
+ Copyright 2012, Vinnie Falco <vinnie.falco@gmail.com>
+ Copyright 2007, Nathan Reed
+
+ License: The MIT License (http://www.opensource.org/licenses/mit-license.php)
+
+ Permission is hereby granted, free of charge, to any person obtaining a copy
+ of this software and associated documentation files (the "Software"), to deal
+ in the Software without restriction, including without limitation the rights
+ to use, copy, modify, merge, publish, distribute, sublicense, and/or sell
+ copies of the Software, and to permit persons to whom the Software is
+ furnished to do so, subject to the following conditions:
+
+ The above copyright notice and this permission notice shall be included in all
+ copies or substantial portions of the Software.
+
+ THE SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED "AS IS", WITHOUT WARRANTY OF ANY KIND, EXPRESS OR
+ IMPLIED, INCLUDING BUT NOT LIMITED TO THE WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY,
+ FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE AND NONINFRINGEMENT. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE
+ AUTHORS OR COPYRIGHT HOLDERS BE LIABLE FOR ANY CLAIM, DAMAGES OR OTHER
+ LIABILITY, WHETHER IN AN ACTION OF CONTRACT, TORT OR OTHERWISE, ARISING FROM,
+ OUT OF OR IN CONNECTION WITH THE SOFTWARE OR THE USE OR OTHER DEALINGS IN THE
+ SOFTWARE.
+*/
+//==============================================================================
+
+#pragma once
+
+namespace luabridge {
+
+/*
+* Constructor generators. These templates allow you to call operator new and
+* pass the contents of a type/value list to the Constructor. Like the
+* function pointer containers, these are only defined up to 8 parameters.
+*/
+
+/** Constructor generators.
+
+ These templates call operator new with the contents of a type/value
+ list passed to the Constructor with up to 8 parameters. Two versions
+ of call() are provided. One performs a regular new, the other performs
+ a placement new.
+*/
+template <class T, typename List>
+struct Constructor {};
+
+template <class T>
+struct Constructor <T, None>
+{
+ static T* call (TypeListValues <None> const&)
+ {
+ return new T;
+ }
+ static T* call (void* mem, TypeListValues <None> const&)
+ {
+ return new (mem) T;
+ }
+};
+
+template <class T, class P1>
+struct Constructor <T, TypeList <P1> >
+{
+ static T* call (const TypeListValues<TypeList <P1> > &tvl)
+ {
+ return new T(tvl.hd);
+ }
+ static T* call (void* mem, const TypeListValues<TypeList <P1> > &tvl)
+ {
+ return new (mem) T(tvl.hd);
+ }
+};
+
+template <class T, class P1, class P2>
+struct Constructor <T, TypeList <P1, TypeList <P2> > >
+{
+ static T* call (const TypeListValues<TypeList <P1, TypeList <P2> > > &tvl)
+ {
+ return new T(tvl.hd, tvl.tl.hd);
+ }
+ static T* call (void* mem, const TypeListValues<TypeList <P1, TypeList <P2> > > &tvl)
+ {
+ return new (mem) T(tvl.hd, tvl.tl.hd);
+ }
+};
+
+template <class T, class P1, class P2, class P3>
+struct Constructor <T, TypeList <P1, TypeList <P2, TypeList <P3> > > >
+{
+ static T* call (const TypeListValues<TypeList <P1, TypeList <P2,
+ TypeList <P3> > > > &tvl)
+ {
+ return new T(tvl.hd, tvl.tl.hd, tvl.tl.tl.hd);
+ }
+ static T* call (void* mem, const TypeListValues<TypeList <P1, TypeList <P2,
+ TypeList <P3> > > > &tvl)
+ {
+ return new (mem) T(tvl.hd, tvl.tl.hd, tvl.tl.tl.hd);
+ }
+};
+
+template <class T, class P1, class P2, class P3, class P4>
+struct Constructor <T, TypeList <P1, TypeList <P2, TypeList <P3,
+ TypeList <P4> > > > >
+{
+ static T* call (const TypeListValues<TypeList <P1, TypeList <P2,
+ TypeList <P3, TypeList <P4> > > > > &tvl)
+ {
+ return new T(tvl.hd, tvl.tl.hd, tvl.tl.tl.hd, tvl.tl.tl.tl.hd);
+ }
+ static T* call (void* mem, const TypeListValues<TypeList <P1, TypeList <P2,
+ TypeList <P3, TypeList <P4> > > > > &tvl)
+ {
+ return new (mem) T(tvl.hd, tvl.tl.hd, tvl.tl.tl.hd, tvl.tl.tl.tl.hd);
+ }
+};
+
+template <class T, class P1, class P2, class P3, class P4,
+ class P5>
+struct Constructor <T, TypeList <P1, TypeList <P2, TypeList <P3,
+ TypeList <P4, TypeList <P5> > > > > >
+{
+ static T* call (const TypeListValues<TypeList <P1, TypeList <P2,
+ TypeList <P3, TypeList <P4, TypeList <P5> > > > > > &tvl)
+ {
+ return new T(tvl.hd, tvl.tl.hd, tvl.tl.tl.hd, tvl.tl.tl.tl.hd,
+ tvl.tl.tl.tl.tl.hd);
+ }
+ static T* call (void* mem, const TypeListValues<TypeList <P1, TypeList <P2,
+ TypeList <P3, TypeList <P4, TypeList <P5> > > > > > &tvl)
+ {
+ return new (mem) T(tvl.hd, tvl.tl.hd, tvl.tl.tl.hd, tvl.tl.tl.tl.hd,
+ tvl.tl.tl.tl.tl.hd);
+ }
+};
+
+template <class T, class P1, class P2, class P3, class P4,
+ class P5, class P6>
+struct Constructor <T, TypeList <P1, TypeList <P2, TypeList <P3,
+ TypeList <P4, TypeList <P5, TypeList <P6> > > > > > >
+{
+ static T* call (const TypeListValues<TypeList <P1, TypeList <P2,
+ TypeList <P3, TypeList <P4, TypeList <P5, TypeList <P6> > > > > > > &tvl)
+ {
+ return new T(tvl.hd, tvl.tl.hd, tvl.tl.tl.hd, tvl.tl.tl.tl.hd,
+ tvl.tl.tl.tl.tl.hd, tvl.tl.tl.tl.tl.tl.hd);
+ }
+ static T* call (void* mem, const TypeListValues<TypeList <P1, TypeList <P2,
+ TypeList <P3, TypeList <P4, TypeList <P5, TypeList <P6> > > > > > > &tvl)
+ {
+ return new (mem) T(tvl.hd, tvl.tl.hd, tvl.tl.tl.hd, tvl.tl.tl.tl.hd,
+ tvl.tl.tl.tl.tl.hd, tvl.tl.tl.tl.tl.tl.hd);
+ }
+};
+
+template <class T, class P1, class P2, class P3, class P4,
+ class P5, class P6, class P7>
+struct Constructor <T, TypeList <P1, TypeList <P2, TypeList <P3,
+ TypeList <P4, TypeList <P5, TypeList <P6, TypeList <P7> > > > > > > >
+{
+ static T* call (const TypeListValues<TypeList <P1, TypeList <P2,
+ TypeList <P3, TypeList <P4, TypeList <P5, TypeList <P6,
+ TypeList <P7> > > > > > > > &tvl)
+ {
+ return new T(tvl.hd, tvl.tl.hd, tvl.tl.tl.hd, tvl.tl.tl.tl.hd,
+ tvl.tl.tl.tl.tl.hd, tvl.tl.tl.tl.tl.tl.hd,
+ tvl.tl.tl.tl.tl.tl.tl.hd);
+ }
+ static T* call (void* mem, const TypeListValues<TypeList <P1, TypeList <P2,
+ TypeList <P3, TypeList <P4, TypeList <P5, TypeList <P6,
+ TypeList <P7> > > > > > > > &tvl)
+ {
+ return new (mem) T(tvl.hd, tvl.tl.hd, tvl.tl.tl.hd, tvl.tl.tl.tl.hd,
+ tvl.tl.tl.tl.tl.hd, tvl.tl.tl.tl.tl.tl.hd,
+ tvl.tl.tl.tl.tl.tl.tl.hd);
+ }
+};
+
+template <class T, class P1, class P2, class P3, class P4,
+ class P5, class P6, class P7, class P8>
+struct Constructor <T, TypeList <P1, TypeList <P2, TypeList <P3,
+ TypeList <P4, TypeList <P5, TypeList <P6, TypeList <P7,
+ TypeList <P8> > > > > > > > >
+{
+ static T* call (const TypeListValues<TypeList <P1, TypeList <P2,
+ TypeList <P3, TypeList <P4, TypeList <P5, TypeList <P6,
+ TypeList <P7, TypeList <P8> > > > > > > > > &tvl)
+ {
+ return new T(tvl.hd, tvl.tl.hd, tvl.tl.tl.hd, tvl.tl.tl.tl.hd,
+ tvl.tl.tl.tl.tl.hd, tvl.tl.tl.tl.tl.tl.hd,
+ tvl.tl.tl.tl.tl.tl.tl.hd, tvl.tl.tl.tl.tl.tl.tl.tl.hd);
+ }
+ static T* call (void* mem, const TypeListValues<TypeList <P1, TypeList <P2,
+ TypeList <P3, TypeList <P4, TypeList <P5, TypeList <P6,
+ TypeList <P7, TypeList <P8> > > > > > > > > &tvl)
+ {
+ return new (mem) T(tvl.hd, tvl.tl.hd, tvl.tl.tl.hd, tvl.tl.tl.tl.hd,
+ tvl.tl.tl.tl.tl.hd, tvl.tl.tl.tl.tl.tl.hd,
+ tvl.tl.tl.tl.tl.tl.tl.hd, tvl.tl.tl.tl.tl.tl.tl.tl.hd);
+ }
+};
+
+} // namespace luabridge
--- /dev/null
+//------------------------------------------------------------------------------
+/*
+ https://github.com/vinniefalco/LuaBridge
+
+ Copyright 2019, Dmitry Tarakanov
+ Copyright 2012, Vinnie Falco <vinnie.falco@gmail.com>
+
+ License: The MIT License (http://www.opensource.org/licenses/mit-license.php)
+
+ Permission is hereby granted, free of charge, to any person obtaining a copy
+ of this software and associated documentation files (the "Software"), to deal
+ in the Software without restriction, including without limitation the rights
+ to use, copy, modify, merge, publish, distribute, sublicense, and/or sell
+ copies of the Software, and to permit persons to whom the Software is
+ furnished to do so, subject to the following conditions:
+
+ The above copyright notice and this permission notice shall be included in all
+ copies or substantial portions of the Software.
+
+ THE SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED "AS IS", WITHOUT WARRANTY OF ANY KIND, EXPRESS OR
+ IMPLIED, INCLUDING BUT NOT LIMITED TO THE WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY,
+ FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE AND NONINFRINGEMENT. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE
+ AUTHORS OR COPYRIGHT HOLDERS BE LIABLE FOR ANY CLAIM, DAMAGES OR OTHER
+ LIABILITY, WHETHER IN AN ACTION OF CONTRACT, TORT OR OTHERWISE, ARISING FROM,
+ OUT OF OR IN CONNECTION WITH THE SOFTWARE OR THE USE OR OTHER DEALINGS IN THE
+ SOFTWARE.
+*/
+//==============================================================================
+
+#pragma once
+
+#include <LuaBridge/detail/Config.h>
+
+#ifdef LUABRIDGE_CXX11
+#include <functional>
+#endif
+
+namespace luabridge {
+
+/**
+ Since the throw specification is part of a function signature, the FuncTraits
+ family of templates needs to be specialized for both types. The
+ LUABRIDGE_THROWSPEC macro controls whether we use the 'throw ()' form, or
+ 'noexcept' (if C++11 is available) to distinguish the functions.
+*/
+#if defined (__APPLE_CPP__) || defined (__APPLE_CC__) || defined (__clang__) || defined (__GNUC__) || \
+ (defined (_MSC_VER) && (_MSC_VER >= 1700))
+// Do not define LUABRIDGE_THROWSPEC since the Xcode and gcc compilers do not
+// distinguish the throw specification in the function signature.
+#define LUABRIDGE_THROWSPEC
+#else
+// Visual Studio 10 and earlier pay too much mind to useless throw () spec.
+//
+# define LUABRIDGE_THROWSPEC throw ()
+#endif
+
+//==============================================================================
+/**
+ * Traits class for unrolling the type list values into function arguments.
+ */
+template <class ReturnType, size_t NUM_PARAMS>
+struct Caller;
+
+template <class ReturnType>
+struct Caller <ReturnType, 0>
+{
+ template <class Fn, class Params>
+ static ReturnType f (Fn& fn, TypeListValues <Params>& params)
+ {
+ return fn ();
+ }
+
+ template <class T, class MemFn, class Params>
+ static ReturnType f (T* obj, MemFn& fn, TypeListValues <Params>&)
+ {
+ return (obj->*fn) ();
+ }
+};
+
+template <class ReturnType>
+struct Caller <ReturnType, 1>
+{
+ template <class Fn, class Params>
+ static ReturnType f (Fn& fn, TypeListValues <Params>& tvl)
+ {
+ return fn (tvl.hd);
+ }
+
+ template <class T, class MemFn, class Params>
+ static ReturnType f (T* obj, MemFn& fn, TypeListValues <Params>& tvl)
+ {
+ return (obj->*fn) (tvl.hd);
+ }
+};
+
+template <class ReturnType>
+struct Caller <ReturnType, 2>
+{
+ template <class Fn, class Params>
+ static ReturnType f (Fn& fn, TypeListValues <Params>& tvl)
+ {
+ return fn (tvl.hd, tvl.tl.hd);
+ }
+
+ template <class T, class MemFn, class Params>
+ static ReturnType f (T* obj, MemFn& fn, TypeListValues <Params>& tvl)
+ {
+ return (obj->*fn) (tvl.hd, tvl.tl.hd);
+ }
+};
+
+template <class ReturnType>
+struct Caller <ReturnType, 3>
+{
+ template <class Fn, class Params>
+ static ReturnType f (Fn& fn, TypeListValues <Params>& tvl)
+ {
+ return fn (tvl.hd, tvl.tl.hd, tvl.tl.tl.hd);
+ }
+
+ template <class T, class MemFn, class Params>
+ static ReturnType f (T* obj, MemFn& fn, TypeListValues <Params>& tvl)
+ {
+ return (obj->*fn) (tvl.hd, tvl.tl.hd, tvl.tl.tl.hd);
+ }
+};
+
+template <class ReturnType>
+struct Caller <ReturnType, 4>
+{
+ template <class Fn, class Params>
+ static ReturnType f (Fn& fn, TypeListValues <Params>& tvl)
+ {
+ return fn (tvl.hd, tvl.tl.hd, tvl.tl.tl.hd, tvl.tl.tl.tl.hd);
+ }
+
+ template <class T, class MemFn, class Params>
+ static ReturnType f (T* obj, MemFn& fn, TypeListValues <Params>& tvl)
+ {
+ return (obj->*fn) (tvl.hd, tvl.tl.hd, tvl.tl.tl.hd, tvl.tl.tl.tl.hd);
+ }
+};
+
+template <class ReturnType>
+struct Caller <ReturnType, 5>
+{
+ template <class Fn, class Params>
+ static ReturnType f (Fn& fn, TypeListValues <Params>& tvl)
+ {
+ return fn (tvl.hd, tvl.tl.hd, tvl.tl.tl.hd, tvl.tl.tl.tl.hd, tvl.tl.tl.tl.tl.hd);
+ }
+
+ template <class T, class MemFn, class Params>
+ static ReturnType f (T* obj, MemFn& fn, TypeListValues <Params>& tvl)
+ {
+ return (obj->*fn) (tvl.hd, tvl.tl.hd, tvl.tl.tl.hd, tvl.tl.tl.tl.hd, tvl.tl.tl.tl.tl.hd);
+ }
+};
+
+template <class ReturnType>
+struct Caller <ReturnType, 6>
+{
+ template <class Fn, class Params>
+ static ReturnType f (Fn& fn, TypeListValues <Params>& tvl)
+ {
+ return fn (tvl.hd, tvl.tl.hd, tvl.tl.tl.hd, tvl.tl.tl.tl.hd, tvl.tl.tl.tl.tl.hd,
+ tvl.tl.tl.tl.tl.tl.hd);
+ }
+
+ template <class T, class MemFn, class Params>
+ static ReturnType f (T* obj, MemFn& fn, TypeListValues <Params>& tvl)
+ {
+ return (obj->*fn) (tvl.hd, tvl.tl.hd, tvl.tl.tl.hd, tvl.tl.tl.tl.hd, tvl.tl.tl.tl.tl.hd,
+ tvl.tl.tl.tl.tl.tl.hd);
+ }
+};
+
+template <class ReturnType>
+struct Caller <ReturnType, 7>
+{
+ template <class Fn, class Params>
+ static ReturnType f (Fn& fn, TypeListValues <Params>& tvl)
+ {
+ return fn (tvl.hd, tvl.tl.hd, tvl.tl.tl.hd, tvl.tl.tl.tl.hd, tvl.tl.tl.tl.tl.hd,
+ tvl.tl.tl.tl.tl.tl.hd, tvl.tl.tl.tl.tl.tl.tl.hd);
+ }
+
+ template <class T, class MemFn, class Params>
+ static ReturnType f (T* obj, MemFn& fn, TypeListValues <Params>& tvl)
+ {
+ return (obj->*fn) (tvl.hd, tvl.tl.hd, tvl.tl.tl.hd, tvl.tl.tl.tl.hd, tvl.tl.tl.tl.tl.hd,
+ tvl.tl.tl.tl.tl.tl.hd, tvl.tl.tl.tl.tl.tl.tl.hd);
+ }
+};
+
+template <class ReturnType>
+struct Caller <ReturnType, 8>
+{
+ template <class Fn, class Params>
+ static ReturnType f (Fn& fn, TypeListValues <Params>& tvl)
+ {
+ return fn (tvl.hd, tvl.tl.hd, tvl.tl.tl.hd, tvl.tl.tl.tl.hd, tvl.tl.tl.tl.tl.hd,
+ tvl.tl.tl.tl.tl.tl.hd, tvl.tl.tl.tl.tl.tl.tl.hd, tvl.tl.tl.tl.tl.tl.tl.tl.hd);
+ }
+
+ template <class T, class MemFn, class Params>
+ static ReturnType f (T* obj, MemFn& fn, TypeListValues <Params>& tvl)
+ {
+ return (obj->*fn) (tvl.hd, tvl.tl.hd, tvl.tl.tl.hd, tvl.tl.tl.tl.hd, tvl.tl.tl.tl.tl.hd,
+ tvl.tl.tl.tl.tl.tl.hd, tvl.tl.tl.tl.tl.tl.tl.hd, tvl.tl.tl.tl.tl.tl.tl.tl.hd);
+ }
+};
+
+template <class ReturnType>
+struct Caller <ReturnType, 9>
+{
+ template <class Fn, class Params>
+ static ReturnType f (Fn& fn, TypeListValues <Params>& tvl)
+ {
+ return fn (tvl.hd, tvl.tl.hd, tvl.tl.tl.hd, tvl.tl.tl.tl.hd, tvl.tl.tl.tl.tl.hd,
+ tvl.tl.tl.tl.tl.tl.hd, tvl.tl.tl.tl.tl.tl.tl.hd, tvl.tl.tl.tl.tl.tl.tl.tl.hd,
+ tvl.tl.tl.tl.tl.tl.tl.tl.tl.hd);
+ }
+
+ template <class T, class MemFn, class Params>
+ static ReturnType f (T* obj, MemFn& fn, TypeListValues <Params>& tvl)
+ {
+ return (obj->*fn) (tvl.hd, tvl.tl.hd, tvl.tl.tl.hd, tvl.tl.tl.tl.hd, tvl.tl.tl.tl.tl.hd,
+ tvl.tl.tl.tl.tl.tl.hd, tvl.tl.tl.tl.tl.tl.tl.hd, tvl.tl.tl.tl.tl.tl.tl.tl.hd,
+ tvl.tl.tl.tl.tl.tl.tl.tl.tl.hd);
+ }
+};
+
+template <class ReturnType, class Fn, class Params>
+ReturnType doCall (Fn& fn, TypeListValues <Params>& tvl)
+{
+ return Caller <ReturnType, TypeListSize <Params>::value>::f (fn, tvl);
+}
+
+template <class ReturnType, class T, class MemFn, class Params>
+static ReturnType doCall(T* obj, MemFn& fn, TypeListValues <Params>& tvl)
+{
+ return Caller <ReturnType, TypeListSize <Params>::value>::f (obj, fn, tvl);
+}
+
+//==============================================================================
+/**
+ Traits for function pointers.
+
+ There are three types of functions: global, non-const member, and const
+ member. These templates determine the type of function, which class type it
+ belongs to if it is a class member, the const-ness if it is a member
+ function, and the type information for the return value and argument list.
+
+ Expansions are provided for functions with up to 8 parameters. This can be
+ manually extended, or expanded to an arbitrary amount using C++11 features.
+*/
+template <class MemFn, class D = MemFn>
+struct FuncTraits
+{
+};
+
+#ifndef LUABRIDGE_CXX11
+
+/* Ordinary function pointers. */
+
+template <class R, class D>
+struct FuncTraits <R (*) () LUABRIDGE_THROWSPEC, D>
+{
+ static bool const isMemberFunction = false;
+ typedef D DeclType;
+ typedef R ReturnType;
+ typedef None Params;
+ static R call (D fp, TypeListValues <Params> tvl)
+ {
+ return doCall <R> (fp, tvl);
+ }
+};
+
+template <class R, class P1, class D>
+struct FuncTraits <R (*) (P1) LUABRIDGE_THROWSPEC, D>
+{
+ static bool const isMemberFunction = false;
+ typedef D DeclType;
+ typedef R ReturnType;
+ typedef TypeList <P1> Params;
+ static R call (D fp, TypeListValues <Params> tvl)
+ {
+ return doCall <R> (fp, tvl);
+ }
+};
+
+template <class R, class P1, class P2, class D>
+struct FuncTraits <R (*) (P1, P2) LUABRIDGE_THROWSPEC, D>
+{
+ static bool const isMemberFunction = false;
+ typedef D DeclType;
+ typedef R ReturnType;
+ typedef TypeList <P1, TypeList <P2> > Params;
+ static R call (D fp, TypeListValues <Params> tvl)
+ {
+ return doCall <R> (fp, tvl);
+ }
+};
+
+template <class R, class P1, class P2, class P3, class D>
+struct FuncTraits <R (*) (P1, P2, P3) LUABRIDGE_THROWSPEC, D>
+{
+ static bool const isMemberFunction = false;
+ typedef D DeclType;
+ typedef R ReturnType;
+ typedef TypeList <P1, TypeList <P2, TypeList <P3> > > Params;
+ static R call (D fp, TypeListValues <Params> tvl)
+ {
+ return doCall <R> (fp, tvl);
+ }
+};
+
+template <class R, class P1, class P2, class P3, class P4, class D>
+struct FuncTraits <R (*) (P1, P2, P3, P4) LUABRIDGE_THROWSPEC, D>
+{
+ static bool const isMemberFunction = false;
+ typedef D DeclType;
+ typedef R ReturnType;
+ typedef TypeList <P1, TypeList <P2, TypeList <P3, TypeList <P4> > > > Params;
+ static R call (D fp, TypeListValues <Params> tvl)
+ {
+ return doCall <R> (fp, tvl);
+ }
+};
+
+template <class R, class P1, class P2, class P3, class P4, class P5, class D>
+struct FuncTraits <R (*) (P1, P2, P3, P4, P5) LUABRIDGE_THROWSPEC, D>
+{
+ static bool const isMemberFunction = false;
+ typedef D DeclType;
+ typedef R ReturnType;
+ typedef TypeList <P1, TypeList <P2, TypeList <P3, TypeList <P4, TypeList <P5> > > > > Params;
+ static R call (D fp, TypeListValues <Params> tvl)
+ {
+ return doCall <R> (fp, tvl);
+ }
+};
+
+template <class R, class P1, class P2, class P3, class P4, class P5, class P6, class D>
+struct FuncTraits <R (*) (P1, P2, P3, P4, P5, P6) LUABRIDGE_THROWSPEC, D>
+{
+ static bool const isMemberFunction = false;
+ typedef D DeclType;
+ typedef R ReturnType;
+ typedef TypeList <P1, TypeList <P2, TypeList <P3, TypeList <P4, TypeList <P5, TypeList <P6> > > > > > Params;
+ static R call (D fp, TypeListValues <Params> tvl)
+ {
+ return doCall <R> (fp, tvl);
+ }
+};
+
+template <class R, class P1, class P2, class P3, class P4, class P5, class P6, class P7, class D>
+struct FuncTraits <R (*) (P1, P2, P3, P4, P5, P6, P7) LUABRIDGE_THROWSPEC, D>
+{
+ static bool const isMemberFunction = false;
+ typedef D DeclType;
+ typedef R ReturnType;
+ typedef TypeList <P1, TypeList <P2, TypeList <P3, TypeList <P4, TypeList <P5, TypeList <P6, TypeList <P7> > > > > > > Params;
+ static R call (D fp, TypeListValues <Params> tvl)
+ {
+ return doCall <R> (fp, tvl);
+ }
+};
+
+template <class R, class P1, class P2, class P3, class P4, class P5, class P6, class P7, class P8, class D>
+struct FuncTraits <R (*) (P1, P2, P3, P4, P5, P6, P7, P8) LUABRIDGE_THROWSPEC, D>
+{
+ static bool const isMemberFunction = false;
+ typedef D DeclType;
+ typedef R ReturnType;
+ typedef TypeList <P1, TypeList <P2, TypeList <P3, TypeList <P4, TypeList <P5, TypeList <P6, TypeList <P7, TypeList <P8> > > > > > > > Params;
+ static R call (D fp, TypeListValues <Params> tvl)
+ {
+ return doCall <R> (fp, tvl);
+ }
+};
+
+/* Windows: WINAPI (a.k.a. __stdcall) function pointers. */
+
+#ifdef _M_IX86 // Windows 32bit only
+
+template <class R, class D>
+struct FuncTraits <R (__stdcall *) (), D>
+{
+ static bool const isMemberFunction = false;
+ typedef D DeclType;
+ typedef R ReturnType;
+ typedef None Params;
+ static R call (D fp, TypeListValues <Params> tvl)
+ {
+ return doCall <R> (fp, tvl);
+ }
+};
+
+template <class R, class P1, class D>
+struct FuncTraits <R (__stdcall *) (P1), D>
+{
+ static bool const isMemberFunction = false;
+ typedef D DeclType;
+ typedef R ReturnType;
+ typedef TypeList <P1> Params;
+ static R call (D fp, TypeListValues <Params> tvl)
+ {
+ return doCall <R> (fp, tvl);
+ }
+};
+
+template <class R, class P1, class P2, class D>
+struct FuncTraits <R (__stdcall *) (P1, P2), D>
+{
+ static bool const isMemberFunction = false;
+ typedef D DeclType;
+ typedef R ReturnType;
+ typedef TypeList <P1, TypeList <P2> > Params;
+ static R call (D fp, TypeListValues <Params> tvl)
+ {
+ return doCall <R> (fp, tvl);
+ }
+};
+
+template <class R, class P1, class P2, class P3, class D>
+struct FuncTraits <R (__stdcall *) (P1, P2, P3), D>
+{
+ static bool const isMemberFunction = false;
+ typedef D DeclType;
+ typedef R ReturnType;
+ typedef TypeList <P1, TypeList <P2, TypeList <P3> > > Params;
+ static R call (D fp, TypeListValues <Params> tvl)
+ {
+ return doCall <R> (fp, tvl);
+ }
+};
+
+template <class R, class P1, class P2, class P3, class P4, class D>
+struct FuncTraits <R (__stdcall *) (P1, P2, P3, P4), D>
+{
+ static bool const isMemberFunction = false;
+ typedef D DeclType;
+ typedef R ReturnType;
+ typedef TypeList <P1, TypeList <P2, TypeList <P3, TypeList <P4> > > > Params;
+ static R call (D fp, TypeListValues <Params> tvl)
+ {
+ return doCall <R> (fp, tvl);
+ }
+};
+
+template <class R, class P1, class P2, class P3, class P4, class P5, class D>
+struct FuncTraits <R (__stdcall *) (P1, P2, P3, P4, P5), D>
+{
+ static bool const isMemberFunction = false;
+ typedef D DeclType;
+ typedef R ReturnType;
+ typedef TypeList <P1, TypeList <P2, TypeList <P3, TypeList <P4, TypeList <P5> > > > > Params;
+ static R call (D fp, TypeListValues <Params> tvl)
+ {
+ return doCall <R> (fp, tvl);
+ }
+};
+
+template <class R, class P1, class P2, class P3, class P4, class P5, class P6, class D>
+struct FuncTraits <R (__stdcall *) (P1, P2, P3, P4, P5, P6), D>
+{
+ static bool const isMemberFunction = false;
+ typedef D DeclType;
+ typedef R ReturnType;
+ typedef TypeList <P1, TypeList <P2, TypeList <P3, TypeList <P4, TypeList <P5, TypeList <P6> > > > > > Params;
+ static R call (D fp, TypeListValues <Params> tvl)
+ {
+ return doCall <R> (fp, tvl);
+ }
+};
+
+template <class R, class P1, class P2, class P3, class P4, class P5, class P6, class P7, class D>
+struct FuncTraits <R (__stdcall *) (P1, P2, P3, P4, P5, P6, P7), D>
+{
+ static bool const isMemberFunction = false;
+ typedef D DeclType;
+ typedef R ReturnType;
+ typedef TypeList <P1, TypeList <P2, TypeList <P3, TypeList <P4, TypeList <P5, TypeList <P6, TypeList <P7> > > > > > > Params;
+ static R call (D fp, TypeListValues <Params> tvl)
+ {
+ return doCall <R> (fp, tvl);
+ }
+};
+
+template <class R, class P1, class P2, class P3, class P4, class P5, class P6, class P7, class P8, class D>
+struct FuncTraits <R (__stdcall *) (P1, P2, P3, P4, P5, P6, P7, P8), D>
+{
+ static bool const isMemberFunction = false;
+ typedef D DeclType;
+ typedef R ReturnType;
+ typedef TypeList <P1, TypeList <P2, TypeList <P3, TypeList <P4, TypeList <P5, TypeList <P6, TypeList <P7, TypeList <P8> > > > > > > > Params;
+ static R call (D fp, TypeListValues <Params> tvl)
+ {
+ return doCall <R> (fp, tvl);
+ }
+};
+
+#endif // _M_IX86
+
+/* Non-const member function pointers. */
+
+template <class T, class R, class D>
+struct FuncTraits <R (T::*) () LUABRIDGE_THROWSPEC, D>
+{
+ static bool const isMemberFunction = true;
+ static bool const isConstMemberFunction = false;
+ typedef D DeclType;
+ typedef T ClassType;
+ typedef R ReturnType;
+ typedef None Params;
+ static R call (T* obj, D fp, TypeListValues <Params> tvl)
+ {
+ return doCall <R> (obj, fp, tvl);
+ }
+};
+
+template <class T, class R, class P1, class D>
+struct FuncTraits <R (T::*) (P1) LUABRIDGE_THROWSPEC, D>
+{
+ static bool const isMemberFunction = true;
+ static bool const isConstMemberFunction = false;
+ typedef D DeclType;
+ typedef T ClassType;
+ typedef R ReturnType;
+ typedef TypeList <P1> Params;
+ static R call (T* obj, D fp, TypeListValues <Params> tvl)
+ {
+ return doCall <R> (obj, fp, tvl);
+ }
+};
+
+template <class T, class R, class P1, class P2, class D>
+struct FuncTraits <R (T::*) (P1, P2) LUABRIDGE_THROWSPEC, D>
+{
+ static bool const isMemberFunction = true;
+ static bool const isConstMemberFunction = false;
+ typedef D DeclType;
+ typedef T ClassType;
+ typedef R ReturnType;
+ typedef TypeList <P1, TypeList <P2> > Params;
+ static R call (T* obj, D fp, TypeListValues <Params> tvl)
+ {
+ return doCall <R> (obj, fp, tvl);
+ }
+};
+
+template <class T, class R, class P1, class P2, class P3, class D>
+struct FuncTraits <R (T::*) (P1, P2, P3) LUABRIDGE_THROWSPEC, D>
+{
+ static bool const isMemberFunction = true;
+ static bool const isConstMemberFunction = false;
+ typedef D DeclType;
+ typedef T ClassType;
+ typedef R ReturnType;
+ typedef TypeList <P1, TypeList <P2, TypeList <P3> > > Params;
+ static R call (T* obj, D fp, TypeListValues <Params> tvl)
+ {
+ return doCall <R> (obj, fp, tvl);
+ }
+};
+
+template <class T, class R, class P1, class P2, class P3, class P4, class D>
+struct FuncTraits <R (T::*) (P1, P2, P3, P4) LUABRIDGE_THROWSPEC, D>
+{
+ static bool const isMemberFunction = true;
+ static bool const isConstMemberFunction = false;
+ typedef D DeclType;
+ typedef T ClassType;
+ typedef R ReturnType;
+ typedef TypeList <P1, TypeList <P2, TypeList <P3, TypeList <P4> > > > Params;
+ static R call (T* obj, D fp, TypeListValues <Params> tvl)
+ {
+ return doCall <R> (obj, fp, tvl);
+ }
+};
+
+template <class T, class R, class P1, class P2, class P3, class P4, class P5, class D>
+struct FuncTraits <R (T::*) (P1, P2, P3, P4, P5) LUABRIDGE_THROWSPEC, D>
+{
+ static bool const isMemberFunction = true;
+ static bool const isConstMemberFunction = false;
+ typedef D DeclType;
+ typedef T ClassType;
+ typedef R ReturnType;
+ typedef TypeList <P1, TypeList <P2, TypeList <P3, TypeList <P4, TypeList <P5> > > > > Params;
+ static R call (T* obj, D fp, TypeListValues <Params> tvl)
+ {
+ return doCall <R> (obj, fp, tvl);
+ }
+};
+
+template <class T, class R, class P1, class P2, class P3, class P4, class P5, class P6, class D>
+struct FuncTraits <R (T::*) (P1, P2, P3, P4, P5, P6) LUABRIDGE_THROWSPEC, D>
+{
+ static bool const isMemberFunction = true;
+ static bool const isConstMemberFunction = false;
+ typedef D DeclType;
+ typedef T ClassType;
+ typedef R ReturnType;
+ typedef TypeList <P1, TypeList <P2, TypeList <P3, TypeList <P4, TypeList <P5, TypeList <P6> > > > > > Params;
+ static R call (T* obj, D fp, TypeListValues <Params> tvl)
+ {
+ return doCall <R> (obj, fp, tvl);
+ }
+};
+
+template <class T, class R, class P1, class P2, class P3, class P4, class P5, class P6, class P7, class D>
+struct FuncTraits <R (T::*) (P1, P2, P3, P4, P5, P6, P7) LUABRIDGE_THROWSPEC, D>
+{
+ static bool const isMemberFunction = true;
+ static bool const isConstMemberFunction = false;
+ typedef D DeclType;
+ typedef T ClassType;
+ typedef R ReturnType;
+ typedef TypeList <P1, TypeList <P2, TypeList <P3, TypeList <P4, TypeList <P5, TypeList <P6, TypeList <P7> > > > > > > Params;
+ static R call (T* obj, D fp, TypeListValues <Params> tvl)
+ {
+ return doCall <R> (obj, fp, tvl);
+ }
+};
+
+template <class T, class R, class P1, class P2, class P3, class P4, class P5, class P6, class P7, class P8, class D>
+struct FuncTraits <R (T::*) (P1, P2, P3, P4, P5, P6, P7, P8) LUABRIDGE_THROWSPEC, D>
+{
+ static bool const isMemberFunction = true;
+ static bool const isConstMemberFunction = false;
+ typedef D DeclType;
+ typedef T ClassType;
+ typedef R ReturnType;
+ typedef TypeList <P1, TypeList <P2, TypeList <P3, TypeList <P4, TypeList <P5, TypeList <P6, TypeList <P7, TypeList <P8> > > > > > > > Params;
+ static R call (T* obj, D fp, TypeListValues <Params> tvl)
+ {
+ return doCall <R> (obj, fp, tvl);
+ }
+};
+
+/* Const member function pointers. */
+
+template <class T, class R, class D>
+struct FuncTraits <R (T::*) () const LUABRIDGE_THROWSPEC, D>
+{
+ static bool const isMemberFunction = true;
+ static bool const isConstMemberFunction = true;
+ typedef D DeclType;
+ typedef T ClassType;
+ typedef R ReturnType;
+ typedef None Params;
+ static R call (T const* obj, D fp, TypeListValues <Params> tvl)
+ {
+ return doCall <R> (obj, fp, tvl);
+ }
+};
+
+template <class T, class R, class P1, class D>
+struct FuncTraits <R (T::*) (P1) const LUABRIDGE_THROWSPEC, D>
+{
+ static bool const isMemberFunction = true;
+ static bool const isConstMemberFunction = true;
+ typedef D DeclType;
+ typedef T ClassType;
+ typedef R ReturnType;
+ typedef TypeList <P1> Params;
+ static R call (T const* obj, D fp, TypeListValues <Params> tvl)
+ {
+ return doCall <R> (obj, fp, tvl);
+ }
+};
+
+template <class T, class R, class P1, class P2, class D>
+struct FuncTraits <R (T::*) (P1, P2) const LUABRIDGE_THROWSPEC, D>
+{
+ static bool const isMemberFunction = true;
+ static bool const isConstMemberFunction = true;
+ typedef D DeclType;
+ typedef T ClassType;
+ typedef R ReturnType;
+ typedef TypeList <P1, TypeList <P2> > Params;
+ static R call (T const* obj, R (T::*fp) (P1, P2) const, TypeListValues <Params> tvl)
+ {
+ return doCall <R> (obj, fp, tvl);
+ }
+};
+
+template <class T, class R, class P1, class P2, class P3, class D>
+struct FuncTraits <R (T::*) (P1, P2, P3) const LUABRIDGE_THROWSPEC, D>
+{
+ static bool const isMemberFunction = true;
+ static bool const isConstMemberFunction = true;
+ typedef D DeclType;
+ typedef T ClassType;
+ typedef R ReturnType;
+ typedef TypeList <P1, TypeList <P2, TypeList <P3> > > Params;
+ static R call (T const* obj, D fp, TypeListValues <Params> tvl)
+ {
+ return doCall <R> (obj, fp, tvl);
+ }
+};
+
+template <class T, class R, class P1, class P2, class P3, class P4, class D>
+struct FuncTraits <R (T::*) (P1, P2, P3, P4) const LUABRIDGE_THROWSPEC, D>
+{
+ static bool const isMemberFunction = true;
+ static bool const isConstMemberFunction = true;
+ typedef D DeclType;
+ typedef T ClassType;
+ typedef R ReturnType;
+ typedef TypeList <P1, TypeList <P2, TypeList <P3, TypeList <P4> > > > Params;
+ static R call (T const* obj, D fp, TypeListValues <Params> tvl)
+ {
+ return doCall <R> (obj, fp, tvl);
+ }
+};
+
+template <class T, class R, class P1, class P2, class P3, class P4, class P5, class D>
+struct FuncTraits <R (T::*) (P1, P2, P3, P4, P5) const LUABRIDGE_THROWSPEC, D>
+{
+ static bool const isMemberFunction = true;
+ static bool const isConstMemberFunction = true;
+ typedef D DeclType;
+ typedef T ClassType;
+ typedef R ReturnType;
+ typedef TypeList <P1, TypeList <P2, TypeList <P3, TypeList <P4, TypeList <P5> > > > > Params;
+ static R call (T const* obj, D fp, TypeListValues <Params> tvl)
+ {
+ return doCall <R> (obj, fp, tvl);
+ }
+};
+
+template <class T, class R, class P1, class P2, class P3, class P4, class P5, class P6, class D>
+struct FuncTraits <R (T::*) (P1, P2, P3, P4, P5, P6) const LUABRIDGE_THROWSPEC, D>
+{
+ static bool const isMemberFunction = true;
+ static bool const isConstMemberFunction = true;
+ typedef D DeclType;
+ typedef T ClassType;
+ typedef R ReturnType;
+ typedef TypeList <P1, TypeList <P2, TypeList <P3, TypeList <P4, TypeList <P5, TypeList <P6> > > > > > Params;
+ static R call (T const* obj, D fp, TypeListValues <Params> tvl)
+ {
+ return doCall <R> (obj, fp, tvl);
+ }
+};
+
+template <class T, class R, class P1, class P2, class P3, class P4, class P5, class P6, class P7, class D>
+struct FuncTraits <R (T::*) (P1, P2, P3, P4, P5, P6, P7) const LUABRIDGE_THROWSPEC, D>
+{
+ static bool const isMemberFunction = true;
+ static bool const isConstMemberFunction = true;
+ typedef D DeclType;
+ typedef T ClassType;
+ typedef R ReturnType;
+ typedef TypeList <P1, TypeList <P2, TypeList <P3, TypeList <P4, TypeList <P5, TypeList <P6, TypeList <P7> > > > > > > Params;
+ static R call (T const* obj, D fp, TypeListValues <Params> tvl)
+ {
+ return doCall <R> (obj, fp, tvl);
+ }
+};
+
+template <class T, class R, class P1, class P2, class P3, class P4, class P5, class P6, class P7, class P8, class D>
+struct FuncTraits <R (T::*) (P1, P2, P3, P4, P5, P6, P7, P8) const LUABRIDGE_THROWSPEC, D>
+{
+ static bool const isMemberFunction = true;
+ static bool const isConstMemberFunction = true;
+ typedef D DeclType;
+ typedef T ClassType;
+ typedef R ReturnType;
+ typedef TypeList <P1, TypeList <P2, TypeList <P3, TypeList <P4, TypeList <P5, TypeList <P6, TypeList <P7, TypeList <P8> > > > > > > > Params;
+ static R call (T const* obj, D fp, TypeListValues <Params> tvl)
+ {
+ return doCall <R> (obj, fp, tvl);
+ }
+};
+
+#else // ifndef LUABRIDGE_CXX11
+
+/* Ordinary function pointers. */
+
+template <class R, class... ParamList>
+struct FuncTraits <R (*) (ParamList...)>
+{
+ static bool const isMemberFunction = false;
+ using DeclType = R (*) (ParamList...);
+ using ReturnType = R;
+ using Params = typename MakeTypeList <ParamList...>::Result;
+
+ static R call (const DeclType& fp, TypeListValues <Params>& tvl)
+ {
+ return doCall <R> (fp, tvl);
+ }
+};
+
+/* Windows: WINAPI (a.k.a. __stdcall) function pointers. */
+
+#ifdef _M_IX86 // Windows 32bit only
+
+template <class R, class... ParamList>
+struct FuncTraits <R (__stdcall *) (ParamList...)>
+{
+ static bool const isMemberFunction = false;
+ using DeclType = R (__stdcall *) (ParamList...);
+ using ReturnType = R;
+ using Params = typename MakeTypeList <ParamList...>::Result;
+
+ static R call (const DeclType& fp, TypeListValues <Params>& tvl)
+ {
+ return doCall <R> (fp, tvl);
+ }
+};
+
+#endif // _M_IX86
+
+/* Non-const member function pointers. */
+
+template <class T, class R, class... ParamList>
+struct FuncTraits <R (T::*) (ParamList...)>
+{
+ static bool const isMemberFunction = true;
+ static bool const isConstMemberFunction = false;
+ using DeclType = R (T::*) (ParamList...);
+ using ClassType = T;
+ using ReturnType = R;
+ using Params = typename MakeTypeList <ParamList...>::Result;
+
+ static R call (ClassType* obj, const DeclType& fp, TypeListValues <Params> tvl)
+ {
+ return doCall <R> (obj, fp, tvl);
+ }
+};
+
+/* Const member function pointers. */
+
+template <class T, class R, class... ParamList>
+struct FuncTraits <R (T::*) (ParamList...) const>
+{
+ static bool const isMemberFunction = true;
+ static bool const isConstMemberFunction = true;
+ using DeclType = R (T::*) (ParamList...) const;
+ using ClassType = T;
+ using ReturnType = R;
+ using Params = typename MakeTypeList <ParamList...>::Result;
+
+ static R call (const ClassType* obj, const DeclType& fp, TypeListValues <Params> tvl)
+ {
+ return doCall <R> (obj, fp, tvl);
+ }
+};
+
+/* std::function */
+
+template <class R, class... ParamList>
+struct FuncTraits <std::function <R (ParamList...)>>
+{
+ static bool const isMemberFunction = false;
+ static bool const isConstMemberFunction = false;
+ using DeclType = std::function <R (ParamList...)>;
+ using ReturnType = R;
+ using Params = typename MakeTypeList <ParamList...>::Result;
+
+ static ReturnType call (DeclType& fn, TypeListValues <Params>& tvl)
+ {
+ return doCall <ReturnType> (fn, tvl);
+ }
+};
+
+#endif // ifndef LUABRIDGE_CXX11
+
+template <class ReturnType, class Params, int startParam>
+struct Invoke
+{
+ template <class Fn>
+ static int run (lua_State* L, Fn& fn)
+ {
+ try
+ {
+ ArgList <Params, startParam> args (L);
+ Stack <ReturnType>::push (L, FuncTraits <Fn>::call (fn, args));
+ return 1;
+ }
+ catch (const std::exception& e)
+ {
+ return luaL_error (L, e.what ());
+ }
+ }
+
+ template <class T, class MemFn>
+ static int run (lua_State* L, T* object, const MemFn& fn)
+ {
+ try
+ {
+ ArgList <Params, startParam> args (L);
+ Stack <ReturnType>::push (L, FuncTraits <MemFn>::call (object, fn, args));
+ return 1;
+ }
+ catch (const std::exception& e)
+ {
+ return luaL_error (L, e.what ());
+ }
+ }
+};
+
+template <class Params, int startParam>
+struct Invoke <void, Params, startParam>
+{
+ template <class Fn>
+ static int run (lua_State* L, Fn& fn)
+ {
+ try
+ {
+ ArgList <Params, startParam> args (L);
+ FuncTraits <Fn>::call (fn, args);
+ return 0;
+ }
+ catch (const std::exception& e)
+ {
+ return luaL_error (L, e.what ());
+ }
+ }
+
+ template <class T, class MemFn>
+ static int run (lua_State* L, T* object, const MemFn& fn)
+ {
+ try
+ {
+ ArgList <Params, startParam> args (L);
+ FuncTraits <MemFn>::call (object, fn, args);
+ return 0;
+ }
+ catch (const std::exception& e)
+ {
+ return luaL_error (L, e.what ());
+ }
+ }
+};
+
+} // namespace luabridge
--- /dev/null
+//------------------------------------------------------------------------------
+/*
+ https://github.com/vinniefalco/LuaBridge
+
+ Copyright 2018, Dmitry Tarakanov
+ Copyright 2012, Vinnie Falco <vinnie.falco@gmail.com>
+
+ License: The MIT License (http://www.opensource.org/licenses/mit-license.php)
+
+ Permission is hereby granted, free of charge, to any person obtaining a copy
+ of this software and associated documentation files (the "Software"), to deal
+ in the Software without restriction, including without limitation the rights
+ to use, copy, modify, merge, publish, distribute, sublicense, and/or sell
+ copies of the Software, and to permit persons to whom the Software is
+ furnished to do so, subject to the following conditions:
+
+ The above copyright notice and this permission notice shall be included in all
+ copies or substantial portions of the Software.
+
+ THE SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED "AS IS", WITHOUT WARRANTY OF ANY KIND, EXPRESS OR
+ IMPLIED, INCLUDING BUT NOT LIMITED TO THE WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY,
+ FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE AND NONINFRINGEMENT. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE
+ AUTHORS OR COPYRIGHT HOLDERS BE LIABLE FOR ANY CLAIM, DAMAGES OR OTHER
+ LIABILITY, WHETHER IN AN ACTION OF CONTRACT, TORT OR OTHERWISE, ARISING FROM,
+ OUT OF OR IN CONNECTION WITH THE SOFTWARE OR THE USE OR OTHER DEALINGS IN THE
+ SOFTWARE.
+*/
+//==============================================================================
+
+#pragma once
+
+#include <LuaBridge/detail/LuaRef.h>
+
+#include <utility>
+
+
+namespace luabridge {
+
+/** Allows table iteration.
+*/
+class Iterator
+{
+ lua_State* m_L;
+ LuaRef m_table;
+ LuaRef m_key;
+ LuaRef m_value;
+
+ void next ()
+ {
+ m_table.push ();
+ m_key.push ();
+ if (lua_next (m_L, -2))
+ {
+ m_value.pop ();
+ m_key.pop ();
+ }
+ else
+ {
+ m_key = Nil ();
+ m_value = Nil ();
+ }
+ lua_pop (m_L, 1);
+ }
+
+public:
+ explicit Iterator (const LuaRef& table, bool isEnd = false)
+ : m_L (table.state ())
+ , m_table (table)
+ , m_key (table.state ()) // m_key is nil
+ , m_value (table.state ()) // m_value is nil
+ {
+ if (!isEnd)
+ {
+ next (); // get the first (key, value) pair from table
+ }
+ }
+
+ lua_State* state () const
+ {
+ return m_L;
+ }
+
+ std::pair <LuaRef, LuaRef> operator* () const
+ {
+ return std::make_pair (m_key, m_value);
+ }
+
+ LuaRef operator-> () const
+ {
+ return m_value;
+ }
+
+ bool operator!= (const Iterator& rhs) const
+ {
+ assert (m_L == rhs.m_L);
+ return !m_table.rawequal (rhs.m_table) || !m_key.rawequal (rhs.m_key);
+ }
+
+ Iterator& operator++ ()
+ {
+ if (isNil ())
+ {
+ // if the iterator reaches the end, do nothing
+ return *this;
+ }
+ else
+ {
+ next ();
+ return *this;
+ }
+ }
+
+ bool isNil () const
+ {
+ return m_key.isNil ();
+ }
+
+ LuaRef key () const
+ {
+ return m_key;
+ }
+
+ LuaRef value () const
+ {
+ return m_value;
+ }
+
+private:
+ // Don't use postfix increment, it is less efficient
+ Iterator operator++ (int);
+};
+
+class Range
+{
+ Iterator m_begin;
+ Iterator m_end;
+
+public:
+ Range (const Iterator& begin, const Iterator& end)
+ : m_begin (begin)
+ , m_end (end)
+ {
+ }
+
+ const Iterator& begin () const { return m_begin; }
+ const Iterator& end () const { return m_end; }
+};
+
+inline Range pairs (const LuaRef& table)
+{
+ return Range (Iterator (table, false), Iterator (table, true));
+}
+
+} // namespace luabridge
--- /dev/null
+//------------------------------------------------------------------------------
+/*
+ https://github.com/vinniefalco/LuaBridge
+
+ Copyright 2012, Vinnie Falco <vinnie.falco@gmail.com>
+ Copyright 2008, Nigel Atkinson <suprapilot+LuaCode@gmail.com>
+
+ License: The MIT License (http://www.opensource.org/licenses/mit-license.php)
+
+ Permission is hereby granted, free of charge, to any person obtaining a copy
+ of this software and associated documentation files (the "Software"), to deal
+ in the Software without restriction, including without limitation the rights
+ to use, copy, modify, merge, publish, distribute, sublicense, and/or sell
+ copies of the Software, and to permit persons to whom the Software is
+ furnished to do so, subject to the following conditions:
+
+ The above copyright notice and this permission notice shall be included in all
+ copies or substantial portions of the Software.
+
+ THE SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED "AS IS", WITHOUT WARRANTY OF ANY KIND, EXPRESS OR
+ IMPLIED, INCLUDING BUT NOT LIMITED TO THE WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY,
+ FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE AND NONINFRINGEMENT. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE
+ AUTHORS OR COPYRIGHT HOLDERS BE LIABLE FOR ANY CLAIM, DAMAGES OR OTHER
+ LIABILITY, WHETHER IN AN ACTION OF CONTRACT, TORT OR OTHERWISE, ARISING FROM,
+ OUT OF OR IN CONNECTION WITH THE SOFTWARE OR THE USE OR OTHER DEALINGS IN THE
+ SOFTWARE.
+*/
+//==============================================================================
+
+#pragma once
+
+#include <exception>
+#include <string>
+
+namespace luabridge {
+
+class LuaException : public std::exception
+{
+private:
+ lua_State* m_L;
+ std::string m_what;
+
+public:
+ //----------------------------------------------------------------------------
+ /**
+ Construct a LuaException after a lua_pcall().
+ */
+ LuaException (lua_State* L, int /*code*/)
+ : m_L (L)
+ {
+ whatFromStack ();
+ }
+
+ //----------------------------------------------------------------------------
+
+ LuaException (lua_State *L,
+ char const*,
+ char const*,
+ long)
+ : m_L (L)
+ {
+ whatFromStack ();
+ }
+
+ //----------------------------------------------------------------------------
+
+ ~LuaException() throw ()
+ {
+ }
+
+ //----------------------------------------------------------------------------
+
+ char const* what() const throw ()
+ {
+ return m_what.c_str();
+ }
+
+ //============================================================================
+ /**
+ Throw an exception.
+
+ This centralizes all the exceptions thrown, so that we can set
+ breakpoints before the stack is unwound, or otherwise customize the
+ behavior.
+ */
+ template <class Exception>
+ static void Throw (Exception e)
+ {
+ throw e;
+ }
+
+ //----------------------------------------------------------------------------
+ /**
+ Wrapper for lua_pcall that throws.
+ */
+ static void pcall (lua_State* L, int nargs = 0, int nresults = 0, int msgh = 0)
+ {
+ int code = lua_pcall (L, nargs, nresults, msgh);
+
+ if (code != LUABRIDGE_LUA_OK)
+ Throw (LuaException (L, code));
+ }
+
+ //----------------------------------------------------------------------------
+
+protected:
+ void whatFromStack ()
+ {
+ if (lua_gettop (m_L) > 0)
+ {
+ char const* s = lua_tostring (m_L, -1);
+ m_what = s ? s : "";
+ }
+ else
+ {
+ // stack is empty
+ m_what = "missing error";
+ }
+ }
+};
+
+} // namespace luabridge
--- /dev/null
+//------------------------------------------------------------------------------
+/*
+ https://github.com/vinniefalco/LuaBridge
+
+ Copyright 2012, Vinnie Falco <vinnie.falco@gmail.com>
+ Copyright 2007, Nathan Reed
+
+ License: The MIT License (http://www.opensource.org/licenses/mit-license.php)
+
+ Permission is hereby granted, free of charge, to any person obtaining a copy
+ of this software and associated documentation files (the "Software"), to deal
+ in the Software without restriction, including without limitation the rights
+ to use, copy, modify, merge, publish, distribute, sublicense, and/or sell
+ copies of the Software, and to permit persons to whom the Software is
+ furnished to do so, subject to the following conditions:
+
+ The above copyright notice and this permission notice shall be included in all
+ copies or substantial portions of the Software.
+
+ THE SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED "AS IS", WITHOUT WARRANTY OF ANY KIND, EXPRESS OR
+ IMPLIED, INCLUDING BUT NOT LIMITED TO THE WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY,
+ FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE AND NONINFRINGEMENT. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE
+ AUTHORS OR COPYRIGHT HOLDERS BE LIABLE FOR ANY CLAIM, DAMAGES OR OTHER
+ LIABILITY, WHETHER IN AN ACTION OF CONTRACT, TORT OR OTHERWISE, ARISING FROM,
+ OUT OF OR IN CONNECTION WITH THE SOFTWARE OR THE USE OR OTHER DEALINGS IN THE
+ SOFTWARE.
+*/
+//==============================================================================
+
+#pragma once
+
+#include <cassert>
+
+namespace luabridge {
+
+// These are for Lua versions prior to 5.2.0.
+//
+#if LUA_VERSION_NUM < 502
+inline int lua_absindex (lua_State* L, int idx)
+{
+ if (idx > LUA_REGISTRYINDEX && idx < 0)
+ return lua_gettop (L) + idx + 1;
+ else
+ return idx;
+}
+
+inline void lua_rawgetp (lua_State* L, int idx, void const* p)
+{
+ idx = lua_absindex (L, idx);
+ lua_pushlightuserdata (L, const_cast <void*> (p));
+ lua_rawget (L,idx);
+}
+
+inline void lua_rawsetp (lua_State* L, int idx, void const* p)
+{
+ idx = lua_absindex (L, idx);
+ lua_pushlightuserdata (L, const_cast <void*> (p));
+ // put key behind value
+ lua_insert (L, -2);
+ lua_rawset (L, idx);
+}
+
+#define LUA_OPEQ 1
+#define LUA_OPLT 2
+#define LUA_OPLE 3
+
+inline int lua_compare (lua_State* L, int idx1, int idx2, int op)
+{
+ switch (op)
+ {
+ case LUA_OPEQ:
+ return lua_equal (L, idx1, idx2);
+ break;
+
+ case LUA_OPLT:
+ return lua_lessthan (L, idx1, idx2);
+ break;
+
+ case LUA_OPLE:
+ return lua_equal (L, idx1, idx2) || lua_lessthan (L, idx1, idx2);
+ break;
+
+ default:
+ return 0;
+ };
+}
+
+inline int get_length (lua_State* L, int idx)
+{
+ return int (lua_objlen (L, idx));
+}
+
+#else
+inline int get_length (lua_State* L, int idx)
+{
+ lua_len (L, idx);
+ int len = int (luaL_checknumber (L, -1));
+ lua_pop (L, 1);
+ return len;
+}
+
+#endif
+
+#ifndef LUA_OK
+# define LUABRIDGE_LUA_OK 0
+#else
+# define LUABRIDGE_LUA_OK LUA_OK
+#endif
+
+/** Get a table value, bypassing metamethods.
+*/
+inline void rawgetfield (lua_State* L, int index, char const* key)
+{
+ assert (lua_istable (L, index));
+ index = lua_absindex (L, index);
+ lua_pushstring (L, key);
+ lua_rawget (L, index);
+}
+
+/** Set a table value, bypassing metamethods.
+*/
+inline void rawsetfield (lua_State* L, int index, char const* key)
+{
+ assert (lua_istable (L, index));
+ index = lua_absindex (L, index);
+ lua_pushstring (L, key);
+ lua_insert (L, -2);
+ lua_rawset (L, index);
+}
+
+/** Returns true if the value is a full userdata (not light).
+*/
+inline bool isfulluserdata (lua_State* L, int index)
+{
+ return lua_isuserdata (L, index) && !lua_islightuserdata (L, index);
+}
+
+/** Test lua_State objects for global equality.
+
+ This can determine if two different lua_State objects really point
+ to the same global state, such as when using coroutines.
+
+ @note This is used for assertions.
+*/
+inline bool equalstates (lua_State* L1, lua_State* L2)
+{
+ return lua_topointer (L1, LUA_REGISTRYINDEX) ==
+ lua_topointer (L2, LUA_REGISTRYINDEX);
+}
+
+} // namespace luabridge
--- /dev/null
+//------------------------------------------------------------------------------
+/*
+ https://github.com/vinniefalco/LuaBridge
+
+ Copyright 2018, Dmitry Tarakanov
+ Copyright 2012, Vinnie Falco <vinnie.falco@gmail.com>
+ Copyright 2008, Nigel Atkinson <suprapilot+LuaCode@gmail.com>
+
+ License: The MIT License (http://www.opensource.org/licenses/mit-license.php)
+
+ Permission is hereby granted, free of charge, to any person obtaining a copy
+ of this software and associated documentation files (the "Software"), to deal
+ in the Software without restriction, including without limitation the rights
+ to use, copy, modify, merge, publish, distribute, sublicense, and/or sell
+ copies of the Software, and to permit persons to whom the Software is
+ furnished to do so, subject to the following conditions:
+
+ The above copyright notice and this permission notice shall be included in all
+ copies or substantial portions of the Software.
+
+ THE SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED "AS IS", WITHOUT WARRANTY OF ANY KIND, EXPRESS OR
+ IMPLIED, INCLUDING BUT NOT LIMITED TO THE WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY,
+ FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE AND NONINFRINGEMENT. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE
+ AUTHORS OR COPYRIGHT HOLDERS BE LIABLE FOR ANY CLAIM, DAMAGES OR OTHER
+ LIABILITY, WHETHER IN AN ACTION OF CONTRACT, TORT OR OTHERWISE, ARISING FROM,
+ OUT OF OR IN CONNECTION WITH THE SOFTWARE OR THE USE OR OTHER DEALINGS IN THE
+ SOFTWARE.
+*/
+//==============================================================================
+
+#pragma once
+
+#include <LuaBridge/detail/LuaException.h>
+#include <LuaBridge/detail/Stack.h>
+
+#include <iostream>
+#include <string>
+#include <vector>
+#include <map>
+
+namespace luabridge {
+
+//------------------------------------------------------------------------------
+/**
+ Type tag for representing LUA_TNIL.
+
+ Construct one of these using `Nil ()` to represent a Lua nil. This is faster
+ than creating a reference in the registry to nil. Example:
+
+ LuaRef t (LuaRef::createTable (L));
+ ...
+ t ["k"] = Nil (); // assign nil
+*/
+struct Nil
+{
+};
+
+
+//------------------------------------------------------------------------------
+/**
+ Stack specialization for Nil.
+*/
+template <>
+struct Stack <Nil>
+{
+ static void push (lua_State* L, Nil)
+ {
+ lua_pushnil (L);
+ }
+};
+
+/**
+ * Base class for LuaRef and table value proxy classes.
+ */
+template <class Impl, class LuaRef>
+class LuaRefBase
+{
+protected:
+ //----------------------------------------------------------------------------
+ /**
+ Pop the Lua stack.
+
+ Pops the specified number of stack items on destruction. We use this
+ when returning objects, to avoid an explicit temporary variable, since
+ the destructor executes after the return statement. For example:
+
+ template <class U>
+ U cast (lua_State* L)
+ {
+ StackPop p (L, 1);
+ ...
+ return U (); // dtor called after this line
+ }
+
+ @note The `StackPop` object must always be a named local variable.
+ */
+ class StackPop
+ {
+ public:
+ /** Create a StackPop object.
+
+ @param count The number of stack entries to pop on destruction.
+ */
+ StackPop (lua_State* L, int count)
+ : m_L (L)
+ , m_count (count)
+ {
+ }
+
+ ~StackPop ()
+ {
+ lua_pop (m_L, m_count);
+ }
+
+ private:
+ lua_State* m_L;
+ int m_count;
+ };
+
+ friend struct Stack <LuaRef>;
+
+ //----------------------------------------------------------------------------
+ /**
+ Type tag for stack construction.
+ */
+ struct FromStack { };
+
+ LuaRefBase (lua_State* L)
+ : m_L (L)
+ {
+ }
+
+ //----------------------------------------------------------------------------
+ /**
+ Create a reference to this ref.
+
+ This is used internally.
+ */
+ int createRef () const
+ {
+ impl ().push ();
+ return luaL_ref (m_L, LUA_REGISTRYINDEX);
+ }
+
+public:
+ //----------------------------------------------------------------------------
+ /**
+ converts to a string using luas tostring function
+ */
+ std::string tostring () const
+ {
+ lua_getglobal (m_L, "tostring");
+ impl ().push ();
+ lua_call (m_L, 1, 1);
+ const char* str = lua_tostring (m_L, -1);
+ lua_pop (m_L, 1);
+ return str;
+ }
+
+ //----------------------------------------------------------------------------
+ /**
+ Print a text description of the value to a stream.
+
+ This is used for diagnostics.
+ */
+ void print (std::ostream& os) const
+ {
+ switch (type ())
+ {
+ case LUA_TNIL:
+ os << "nil";
+ break;
+
+ case LUA_TNUMBER:
+ os << cast <lua_Number> ();
+ break;
+
+ case LUA_TBOOLEAN:
+ os << (cast <bool> () ? "true" : "false");
+ break;
+
+ case LUA_TSTRING:
+ os << '"' << cast <std::string> () << '"';
+ break;
+
+ case LUA_TTABLE:
+ os << "table: " << tostring ();
+ break;
+
+ case LUA_TFUNCTION:
+ os << "function: " << tostring ();
+ break;
+
+ case LUA_TUSERDATA:
+ os << "userdata: " << tostring ();
+ break;
+
+ case LUA_TTHREAD:
+ os << "thread: " << tostring ();
+ break;
+
+ case LUA_TLIGHTUSERDATA:
+ os << "lightuserdata: " << tostring ();
+ break;
+
+ default:
+ os << "unknown";
+ break;
+ }
+ }
+
+ //------------------------------------------------------------------------------
+ /**
+ Write a LuaRef to a stream.
+
+ This allows LuaRef and table proxies to work with streams.
+ */
+ friend std::ostream& operator<< (std::ostream& os, LuaRefBase const& ref)
+ {
+ ref.print (os);
+ return os;
+ }
+
+ //============================================================================
+ //
+ // This group of member functions is mirrored in Proxy
+ //
+
+ /** Retrieve the lua_State associated with the reference.
+ */
+ lua_State* state () const
+ {
+ return m_L;
+ }
+
+ //----------------------------------------------------------------------------
+ /**
+ Place the object onto the Lua stack.
+ */
+ void push (lua_State* L) const
+ {
+ assert (equalstates (L, m_L));
+ (void) L;
+ impl ().push ();
+ }
+
+ //----------------------------------------------------------------------------
+ /**
+ Pop the top of Lua stack and assign the ref to m_ref
+ */
+ void pop (lua_State* L)
+ {
+ assert (equalstates (L, m_L));
+ (void) L;
+ impl ().pop ();
+ }
+
+ //----------------------------------------------------------------------------
+ /**
+ Determine the object type.
+
+ The return values are the same as for `lua_type`.
+ */
+ /** @{ */
+ int type () const
+ {
+ impl ().push ();
+ StackPop p (m_L, 1);
+ return lua_type (m_L, -1);
+ }
+
+ // should never happen
+ // bool isNone () const { return m_ref == LUA_NOREF; }
+
+ bool isNil () const { return type () == LUA_TNIL; }
+ bool isBool () const { return type () == LUA_TBOOLEAN; }
+ bool isNumber () const { return type () == LUA_TNUMBER; }
+ bool isString () const { return type () == LUA_TSTRING; }
+ bool isTable () const { return type () == LUA_TTABLE; }
+ bool isFunction () const { return type () == LUA_TFUNCTION; }
+ bool isUserdata () const { return type () == LUA_TUSERDATA; }
+ bool isThread () const { return type () == LUA_TTHREAD; }
+ bool isLightUserdata () const { return type () == LUA_TLIGHTUSERDATA; }
+
+ /** @} */
+
+ //----------------------------------------------------------------------------
+ /**
+ Perform an explicit conversion.
+ */
+ template <class T>
+ T cast () const
+ {
+ StackPop p (m_L, 1);
+ impl ().push ();
+ return Stack <T>::get (m_L, -1);
+ }
+
+ //----------------------------------------------------------------------------
+ /**
+ Universal implicit conversion operator.
+
+ NOTE: Visual Studio 2010 and 2012 have a bug where this function
+ is not used. See:
+
+ http://social.msdn.microsoft.com/Forums/en-US/vcgeneral/thread/e30b2664-a92d-445c-9db2-e8e0fbde2014
+ https://connect.microsoft.com/VisualStudio/feedback/details/771509/correct-code-doesnt-compile
+
+ // This code snippet fails to compile in vs2010,vs2012
+ struct S {
+ template <class T> operator T () const { return T (); }
+ };
+ int main () {
+ S () || false;
+ return 0;
+ }
+ */
+ template <class T>
+ operator T () const
+ {
+ return cast <T> ();
+ }
+
+ //----------------------------------------------------------------------------
+ /**
+ Universal comparison operators.
+ */
+ /** @{ */
+ template <class T>
+ bool operator== (T rhs) const
+ {
+ StackPop p (m_L, 2);
+ impl ().push ();
+ Stack <T>::push (m_L, rhs);
+ return lua_compare (m_L, -2, -1, LUA_OPEQ) == 1;
+ }
+
+ template <class T>
+ bool operator< (T rhs) const
+ {
+ StackPop p (m_L, 2);
+ impl ().push ();;
+ Stack <T>::push (m_L, rhs);
+ int lhsType = lua_type (m_L, -2);
+ int rhsType = lua_type (m_L, -1);
+ if (lhsType != rhsType)
+ {
+ return lhsType < rhsType;
+ }
+ return lua_compare (m_L, -2, -1, LUA_OPLT) == 1;
+ }
+
+ template <class T>
+ bool operator<= (T rhs) const
+ {
+ StackPop p (m_L, 2);
+ impl ().push ();;
+ Stack <T>::push (m_L, rhs);
+ int lhsType = lua_type (m_L, -2);
+ int rhsType = lua_type (m_L, -1);
+ if (lhsType != rhsType)
+ {
+ return lhsType <= rhsType;
+ }
+ return lua_compare (m_L, -2, -1, LUA_OPLE) == 1;
+ }
+
+ template <class T>
+ bool operator> (T rhs) const
+ {
+ StackPop p (m_L, 2);
+ impl ().push ();;
+ Stack <T>::push (m_L, rhs);
+ int lhsType = lua_type (m_L, -2);
+ int rhsType = lua_type (m_L, -1);
+ if (lhsType != rhsType)
+ {
+ return lhsType > rhsType;
+ }
+ return lua_compare (m_L, -1, -2, LUA_OPLT) == 1;
+ }
+
+ template <class T>
+ bool operator>= (T rhs) const
+ {
+ StackPop p (m_L, 2);
+ impl ().push ();;
+ Stack <T>::push (m_L, rhs);
+ int lhsType = lua_type (m_L, -2);
+ int rhsType = lua_type (m_L, -1);
+ if (lhsType != rhsType)
+ {
+ return lhsType >= rhsType;
+ }
+ return lua_compare (m_L, -1, -2, LUA_OPLE) == 1;
+ }
+
+ template <class T>
+ bool rawequal (T rhs) const
+ {
+ StackPop p (m_L, 2);
+ impl ().push ();;
+ Stack <T>::push (m_L, rhs);
+ return lua_rawequal (m_L, -1, -2) == 1;
+ }
+ /** @} */
+
+ //----------------------------------------------------------------------------
+ /**
+ Append a value to the table.
+
+ If the table is a sequence this will add another element to it.
+ */
+ template <class T>
+ void append (T v) const
+ {
+ impl ().push ();;
+ Stack <T>::push (m_L, v);
+ luaL_ref (m_L, -2);
+ lua_pop (m_L, 1);
+ }
+
+ //----------------------------------------------------------------------------
+ /**
+ Call the length operator.
+
+ This is identical to applying the Lua # operator.
+ */
+ int length () const
+ {
+ StackPop p (m_L, 1);
+ impl ().push ();;
+ return get_length (m_L, -1);
+ }
+
+ //----------------------------------------------------------------------------
+ /**
+ Call Lua code.
+
+ These overloads allow Lua code to be called with up to 8 parameters.
+ The return value is provided as a LuaRef (which may be LUA_REFNIL).
+ If an error occurs, a LuaException is thrown.
+ */
+ /** @{ */
+ LuaRef operator() () const
+ {
+ impl ().push ();;
+ LuaException::pcall (m_L, 0, 1);
+ return LuaRef::fromStack (m_L);
+ }
+
+ template <class P1>
+ LuaRef operator() (P1 p1) const
+ {
+ impl ().push ();;
+ Stack <P1>::push (m_L, p1);
+ LuaException::pcall (m_L, 1, 1);
+ return LuaRef::fromStack (m_L);
+ }
+
+ template <class P1, class P2>
+ LuaRef operator() (P1 p1, P2 p2) const
+ {
+ impl ().push ();;
+ Stack <P1>::push (m_L, p1);
+ Stack <P2>::push (m_L, p2);
+ LuaException::pcall (m_L, 2, 1);
+ return LuaRef::fromStack (m_L);
+ }
+
+ template <class P1, class P2, class P3>
+ LuaRef operator() (P1 p1, P2 p2, P3 p3) const
+ {
+ impl ().push ();;
+ Stack <P1>::push (m_L, p1);
+ Stack <P2>::push (m_L, p2);
+ Stack <P3>::push (m_L, p3);
+ LuaException::pcall (m_L, 3, 1);
+ return LuaRef::fromStack (m_L);
+ }
+
+ template <class P1, class P2, class P3, class P4>
+ LuaRef operator() (P1 p1, P2 p2, P3 p3, P4 p4) const
+ {
+ impl ().push ();;
+ Stack <P1>::push (m_L, p1);
+ Stack <P2>::push (m_L, p2);
+ Stack <P3>::push (m_L, p3);
+ Stack <P4>::push (m_L, p4);
+ LuaException::pcall (m_L, 4, 1);
+ return LuaRef::fromStack (m_L);
+ }
+
+ template <class P1, class P2, class P3, class P4, class P5>
+ LuaRef operator() (P1 p1, P2 p2, P3 p3, P4 p4, P5 p5) const
+ {
+ impl ().push ();;
+ Stack <P1>::push (m_L, p1);
+ Stack <P2>::push (m_L, p2);
+ Stack <P3>::push (m_L, p3);
+ Stack <P4>::push (m_L, p4);
+ Stack <P5>::push (m_L, p5);
+ LuaException::pcall (m_L, 5, 1);
+ return LuaRef::fromStack (m_L);
+ }
+
+ template <class P1, class P2, class P3, class P4, class P5, class P6>
+ LuaRef operator() (P1 p1, P2 p2, P3 p3, P4 p4, P5 p5, P6 p6) const
+ {
+ impl ().push ();;
+ Stack <P1>::push (m_L, p1);
+ Stack <P2>::push (m_L, p2);
+ Stack <P3>::push (m_L, p3);
+ Stack <P4>::push (m_L, p4);
+ Stack <P5>::push (m_L, p5);
+ Stack <P6>::push (m_L, p6);
+ LuaException::pcall (m_L, 6, 1);
+ return LuaRef::fromStack (m_L);
+ }
+
+ template <class P1, class P2, class P3, class P4, class P5, class P6, class P7>
+ LuaRef operator() (P1 p1, P2 p2, P3 p3, P4 p4, P5 p5, P6 p6, P7 p7) const
+ {
+ impl ().push ();;
+ Stack <P1>::push (m_L, p1);
+ Stack <P2>::push (m_L, p2);
+ Stack <P3>::push (m_L, p3);
+ Stack <P4>::push (m_L, p4);
+ Stack <P5>::push (m_L, p5);
+ Stack <P6>::push (m_L, p6);
+ Stack <P7>::push (m_L, p7);
+ LuaException::pcall (m_L, 7, 1);
+ return LuaRef::fromStack (m_L);
+ }
+
+ template <class P1, class P2, class P3, class P4, class P5, class P6, class P7, class P8>
+ LuaRef operator() (P1 p1, P2 p2, P3 p3, P4 p4, P5 p5, P6 p6, P7 p7, P8 p8) const
+ {
+ impl ().push ();
+ Stack <P1>::push (m_L, p1);
+ Stack <P2>::push (m_L, p2);
+ Stack <P3>::push (m_L, p3);
+ Stack <P4>::push (m_L, p4);
+ Stack <P5>::push (m_L, p5);
+ Stack <P6>::push (m_L, p6);
+ Stack <P7>::push (m_L, p7);
+ Stack <P8>::push (m_L, p8);
+ LuaException::pcall (m_L, 8, 1);
+ return LuaRef::fromStack (m_L);
+ }
+ /** @} */
+
+ //============================================================================
+
+protected:
+ lua_State* m_L;
+
+private:
+ const Impl& impl () const
+ {
+ return static_cast <const Impl&> (*this);
+ }
+
+ Impl& impl ()
+ {
+ return static_cast <Impl&> (*this);
+ }
+};
+
+//------------------------------------------------------------------------------
+/**
+ Lightweight reference to a Lua object.
+
+ The reference is maintained for the lifetime of the C++ object.
+*/
+class LuaRef : public LuaRefBase <LuaRef, LuaRef>
+{
+ //----------------------------------------------------------------------------
+ /**
+ A proxy for representing table values.
+ */
+ class Proxy : public LuaRefBase <Proxy, LuaRef>
+ {
+ friend class LuaRef;
+
+ public:
+ //--------------------------------------------------------------------------
+ /**
+ Construct a Proxy from a table value.
+
+ The table is in the registry, and the key is at the top of the stack.
+ The key is popped off the stack.
+ */
+ Proxy (lua_State* L, int tableRef)
+ : LuaRefBase (L)
+ , m_tableRef (LUA_NOREF)
+ , m_keyRef (luaL_ref (L, LUA_REGISTRYINDEX))
+ {
+ lua_rawgeti (m_L, LUA_REGISTRYINDEX, tableRef);
+ m_tableRef = luaL_ref (L, LUA_REGISTRYINDEX);
+ }
+
+ //--------------------------------------------------------------------------
+ /**
+ Create a Proxy via copy constructor.
+
+ It is best to avoid code paths that invoke this, because it creates
+ an extra temporary Lua reference. Typically this is done by passing
+ the Proxy parameter as a `const` reference.
+ */
+ Proxy (Proxy const& other)
+ : LuaRefBase (other.m_L)
+ , m_tableRef (LUA_NOREF)
+ , m_keyRef (LUA_NOREF)
+ {
+ lua_rawgeti (m_L, LUA_REGISTRYINDEX, other.m_tableRef);
+ m_tableRef = luaL_ref (m_L, LUA_REGISTRYINDEX);
+
+ lua_rawgeti (m_L, LUA_REGISTRYINDEX, other.m_keyRef);
+ m_keyRef = luaL_ref (m_L, LUA_REGISTRYINDEX);
+ }
+
+ //--------------------------------------------------------------------------
+ /**
+ Destroy the proxy.
+
+ This does not destroy the table value.
+ */
+ ~Proxy ()
+ {
+ luaL_unref (m_L, LUA_REGISTRYINDEX, m_keyRef);
+ luaL_unref (m_L, LUA_REGISTRYINDEX, m_tableRef);
+ }
+
+ //--------------------------------------------------------------------------
+ /**
+ Assign a new value to this table key.
+
+ This may invoke metamethods.
+ */
+ template <class T>
+ Proxy& operator= (T v)
+ {
+ StackPop p (m_L, 1);
+ lua_rawgeti (m_L, LUA_REGISTRYINDEX, m_tableRef);
+ lua_rawgeti (m_L, LUA_REGISTRYINDEX, m_keyRef);
+ Stack <T>::push (m_L, v);
+ lua_settable (m_L, -3);
+ return *this;
+ }
+
+ //--------------------------------------------------------------------------
+ /**
+ Assign a new value to this table key.
+
+ The assignment is raw, no metamethods are invoked.
+ */
+ template <class T>
+ Proxy& rawset (T v)
+ {
+ StackPop p (m_L, 1);
+ lua_rawgeti (m_L, LUA_REGISTRYINDEX, m_tableRef);
+ lua_rawgeti (m_L, LUA_REGISTRYINDEX, m_keyRef);
+ Stack <T>::push (m_L, v);
+ lua_rawset (m_L, -3);
+ return *this;
+ }
+
+ //--------------------------------------------------------------------------
+ /**
+ Push the value onto the Lua stack.
+ */
+ using LuaRefBase::push;
+
+ void push () const
+ {
+ lua_rawgeti (m_L, LUA_REGISTRYINDEX, m_tableRef);
+ lua_rawgeti (m_L, LUA_REGISTRYINDEX, m_keyRef);
+ lua_gettable (m_L, -2);
+ lua_remove (m_L, -2); // remove the table
+ }
+
+ //--------------------------------------------------------------------------
+ /**
+ Access a table value using a key.
+
+ This invokes metamethods.
+ */
+ template <class T>
+ Proxy operator[] (T key) const
+ {
+ return LuaRef (*this) [key];
+ }
+
+ //--------------------------------------------------------------------------
+ /**
+ Access a table value using a key.
+
+ The operation is raw, metamethods are not invoked. The result is
+ passed by value and may not be modified.
+ */
+ template <class T>
+ LuaRef rawget (T key) const
+ {
+ return LuaRef (*this).rawget (key);
+ }
+
+ private:
+ int m_tableRef;
+ int m_keyRef;
+ };
+
+ friend struct Stack <Proxy>;
+ friend struct Stack <Proxy&>;
+
+ //----------------------------------------------------------------------------
+ /**
+ Create a reference to an object at the top of the Lua stack and pop it.
+
+ This constructor is private and not invoked directly.
+ Instead, use the `fromStack` function.
+
+ @note The object is popped.
+ */
+ LuaRef (lua_State* L, FromStack)
+ : LuaRefBase (L)
+ , m_ref (luaL_ref (m_L, LUA_REGISTRYINDEX))
+ {
+ }
+
+ //----------------------------------------------------------------------------
+ /**
+ Create a reference to an object on the Lua stack.
+
+ This constructor is private and not invoked directly.
+ Instead, use the `fromStack` function.
+
+ @note The object is not popped.
+ */
+ LuaRef (lua_State* L, int index, FromStack)
+ : LuaRefBase (L)
+ , m_ref (LUA_NOREF)
+ {
+ lua_pushvalue (m_L, index);
+ m_ref = luaL_ref (m_L, LUA_REGISTRYINDEX);
+ }
+
+
+public:
+ //----------------------------------------------------------------------------
+ /**
+ Create a nil reference.
+
+ The LuaRef may be assigned later.
+ */
+ LuaRef (lua_State* L)
+ : LuaRefBase (L)
+ , m_ref (LUA_NOREF)
+ {
+ }
+
+ //----------------------------------------------------------------------------
+ /**
+ Create a reference to a value.
+ */
+ template <class T>
+ LuaRef (lua_State* L, T v)
+ : LuaRefBase (L)
+ , m_ref (LUA_NOREF)
+ {
+ Stack <T>::push (m_L, v);
+ m_ref = luaL_ref (m_L, LUA_REGISTRYINDEX);
+ }
+
+ //----------------------------------------------------------------------------
+ /**
+ Create a reference to a table value.
+ */
+ LuaRef (Proxy const& v)
+ : LuaRefBase (v.state ())
+ , m_ref (v.createRef ())
+ {
+ }
+
+ //----------------------------------------------------------------------------
+ /**
+ Create a new reference to an existing reference.
+ */
+ LuaRef (LuaRef const& other)
+ : LuaRefBase (other.m_L)
+ , m_ref (other.createRef ())
+ {
+ }
+
+ //----------------------------------------------------------------------------
+ /**
+ Destroy a reference.
+
+ The corresponding Lua registry reference will be released.
+
+ @note If the state refers to a thread, it is the responsibility of the
+ caller to ensure that the thread still exists when the LuaRef
+ is destroyed.
+ */
+ ~LuaRef ()
+ {
+ luaL_unref (m_L, LUA_REGISTRYINDEX, m_ref);
+ }
+
+ //----------------------------------------------------------------------------
+ /**
+ Return a LuaRef from a top stack item.
+
+ The stack item is not popped.
+ */
+ static LuaRef fromStack (lua_State* L)
+ {
+ return LuaRef (L, FromStack ());
+ }
+
+ //----------------------------------------------------------------------------
+ /**
+ Return a LuaRef from a stack item.
+
+ The stack item is not popped.
+ */
+ static LuaRef fromStack (lua_State* L, int index)
+ {
+ lua_pushvalue (L, index);
+ return LuaRef (L, FromStack ());
+ }
+
+ //----------------------------------------------------------------------------
+ /**
+ Create a new empty table and return a reference to it.
+
+ It is also possible to use the free function `newTable`.
+
+ @see ::luabridge::newTable
+ */
+ static LuaRef newTable (lua_State* L)
+ {
+ lua_newtable (L);
+ return LuaRef (L, FromStack ());
+ }
+
+ //----------------------------------------------------------------------------
+ /**
+ Return a reference to a named global.
+
+ It is also possible to use the free function `getGlobal`.
+
+ @see ::luabridge::getGlobal
+ */
+ static LuaRef getGlobal (lua_State *L, char const* name)
+ {
+ lua_getglobal (L, name);
+ return LuaRef (L, FromStack ());
+ }
+
+ //----------------------------------------------------------------------------
+ /**
+ Assign another LuaRef to this LuaRef.
+ */
+ LuaRef& operator= (LuaRef const& rhs)
+ {
+ LuaRef ref (rhs);
+ swap (ref);
+ return *this;
+ }
+
+ //----------------------------------------------------------------------------
+ /**
+ Assign Proxy to this LuaRef.
+ */
+ LuaRef& operator= (LuaRef::Proxy const& rhs)
+ {
+ LuaRef ref (rhs);
+ swap (ref);
+ return *this;
+ }
+
+ //----------------------------------------------------------------------------
+ /**
+ Assign nil to this LuaRef.
+ */
+ LuaRef& operator= (Nil const&)
+ {
+ LuaRef ref (m_L);
+ swap (ref);
+ return *this;
+ }
+
+ //----------------------------------------------------------------------------
+ /**
+ Assign a different value to this LuaRef.
+ */
+ template <class T>
+ LuaRef& operator= (T rhs)
+ {
+ LuaRef ref (m_L, rhs);
+ swap (ref);
+ return *this;
+ }
+
+ //----------------------------------------------------------------------------
+ /**
+ Place the object onto the Lua stack.
+ */
+ using LuaRefBase::push;
+
+ void push () const
+ {
+ lua_rawgeti (m_L, LUA_REGISTRYINDEX, m_ref);
+ }
+
+ //----------------------------------------------------------------------------
+ /**
+ Pop the top of Lua stack and assign the ref to m_ref
+ */
+ void pop ()
+ {
+ luaL_unref (m_L, LUA_REGISTRYINDEX, m_ref);
+ m_ref = luaL_ref (m_L, LUA_REGISTRYINDEX);
+ }
+
+ //----------------------------------------------------------------------------
+ /**
+ Access a table value using a key.
+
+ This invokes metamethods.
+ */
+ template <class T>
+ Proxy operator[] (T key) const
+ {
+ Stack <T>::push (m_L, key);
+ return Proxy (m_L, m_ref);
+ }
+
+ //--------------------------------------------------------------------------
+ /**
+ Access a table value using a key.
+
+ The operation is raw, metamethods are not invoked. The result is
+ passed by value and may not be modified.
+ */
+ template <class T>
+ LuaRef rawget (T key) const
+ {
+ StackPop (m_L, 1);
+ push (m_L);
+ Stack <T>::push (m_L, key);
+ lua_rawget (m_L, -2);
+ return LuaRef (m_L, FromStack ());
+ }
+
+private:
+ void swap (LuaRef& other)
+ {
+ std::swap (m_L, other.m_L);
+ std::swap (m_ref, other.m_ref);
+ }
+
+ int m_ref;
+};
+
+//------------------------------------------------------------------------------
+/**
+ * Stack specialization for `LuaRef`.
+ */
+template <>
+struct Stack <LuaRef>
+{
+ // The value is const& to prevent a copy construction.
+ //
+ static void push (lua_State* L, LuaRef const& v)
+ {
+ v.push (L);
+ }
+
+ static LuaRef get (lua_State* L, int index)
+ {
+ return LuaRef::fromStack (L, index);
+ }
+};
+
+//------------------------------------------------------------------------------
+/**
+ * Stack specialization for `Proxy`.
+ */
+template <>
+struct Stack <LuaRef::Proxy>
+{
+ // The value is const& to prevent a copy construction.
+ //
+ static void push (lua_State* L, LuaRef::Proxy const& v)
+ {
+ v.push (L);
+ }
+};
+
+//------------------------------------------------------------------------------
+/**
+ Create a reference to a new, empty table.
+
+ This is a syntactic abbreviation for LuaRef::newTable ().
+*/
+inline LuaRef newTable (lua_State* L)
+{
+ return LuaRef::newTable (L);
+}
+
+//------------------------------------------------------------------------------
+/**
+ Create a reference to a value in the global table.
+
+ This is a syntactic abbreviation for LuaRef::getGlobal ().
+*/
+inline LuaRef getGlobal (lua_State *L, char const* name)
+{
+ return LuaRef::getGlobal (L, name);
+}
+
+//------------------------------------------------------------------------------
+
+// more C++-like cast syntax
+//
+template <class T>
+T LuaRef_cast (LuaRef const& lr)
+{
+ return lr.cast <T> ();
+}
+
+} // namespace luabridge
--- /dev/null
+//------------------------------------------------------------------------------
+/*
+ https://github.com/vinniefalco/LuaBridge
+
+ Copyright 2019, Dmitry Tarakanov
+ Copyright 2012, Vinnie Falco <vinnie.falco@gmail.com>
+ Copyright 2007, Nathan Reed
+
+ License: The MIT License (http://www.opensource.org/licenses/mit-license.php)
+
+ Permission is hereby granted, free of charge, to any person obtaining a copy
+ of this software and associated documentation files (the "Software"), to deal
+ in the Software without restriction, including without limitation the rights
+ to use, copy, modify, merge, publish, distribute, sublicense, and/or sell
+ copies of the Software, and to permit persons to whom the Software is
+ furnished to do so, subject to the following conditions:
+
+ The above copyright notice and this permission notice shall be included in all
+ copies or substantial portions of the Software.
+
+ THE SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED "AS IS", WITHOUT WARRANTY OF ANY KIND, EXPRESS OR
+ IMPLIED, INCLUDING BUT NOT LIMITED TO THE WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY,
+ FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE AND NONINFRINGEMENT. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE
+ AUTHORS OR COPYRIGHT HOLDERS BE LIABLE FOR ANY CLAIM, DAMAGES OR OTHER
+ LIABILITY, WHETHER IN AN ACTION OF CONTRACT, TORT OR OTHERWISE, ARISING FROM,
+ OUT OF OR IN CONNECTION WITH THE SOFTWARE OR THE USE OR OTHER DEALINGS IN THE
+ SOFTWARE.
+*/
+//==============================================================================
+
+#pragma once
+
+#include <LuaBridge/detail/Config.h>
+#include <LuaBridge/detail/ClassInfo.h>
+#include <LuaBridge/detail/Security.h>
+#include <LuaBridge/detail/TypeTraits.h>
+
+#include <stdexcept>
+#include <string>
+
+namespace luabridge {
+
+namespace detail {
+
+/**
+ * Base for class and namespace registration.
+ * Maintains Lua stack in the proper state.
+ * Once beginNamespace, beginClass or deriveClass is called the parent
+ * object upon its destruction may no longer clear the Lua stack.
+ * Then endNamespace or endClass is called, a new parent is created
+ * and the child transfers the responsibility for clearing stack to it.
+ * So there can be maximum one "active" registrar object.
+ */
+class Registrar
+{
+protected:
+ lua_State* const L;
+ int mutable m_stackSize;
+
+ Registrar (lua_State* L)
+ : L (L)
+ , m_stackSize (0)
+ {
+ }
+
+ Registrar (const Registrar& rhs)
+ : L (rhs.L)
+ , m_stackSize (rhs.m_stackSize)
+ {
+ rhs.m_stackSize = 0;
+ }
+
+#ifndef _MSC_VER
+ // MS compiler thinks it's the 2nd copy ctor
+ Registrar(Registrar& rhs)
+ : L (rhs.L)
+ , m_stackSize (rhs.m_stackSize)
+ {
+ rhs.m_stackSize = 0;
+ }
+#endif // ifndef _MSC_VER
+
+ Registrar& operator= (const Registrar& rhs)
+ {
+ Registrar tmp (rhs);
+ std::swap (m_stackSize, tmp.m_stackSize);
+ return *this;
+ }
+
+ ~Registrar ()
+ {
+ if (m_stackSize > 0)
+ {
+ assert (m_stackSize <= lua_gettop (L));
+ lua_pop (L, m_stackSize);
+ }
+ }
+
+ void assertIsActive () const
+ {
+ if (m_stackSize == 0)
+ {
+ throw std::logic_error ("Unable to continue registration");
+ }
+ }
+};
+
+} // namespace detail
+
+/** Provides C++ to Lua registration capabilities.
+
+ This class is not instantiated directly, call `getGlobalNamespace` to start
+ the registration process.
+*/
+class Namespace : public detail::Registrar
+{
+ //============================================================================
+ /**
+ Error reporting.
+
+ VF: This function looks handy, why aren't we using it?
+ */
+#if 0
+ static int luaError (lua_State* L, std::string message)
+ {
+ assert (lua_isstring (L, lua_upvalueindex (1)));
+ std::string s;
+
+ // Get information on the caller's caller to format the message,
+ // so the error appears to originate from the Lua source.
+ lua_Debug ar;
+ int result = lua_getstack (L, 2, &ar);
+ if (result != 0)
+ {
+ lua_getinfo (L, "Sl", &ar);
+ s = ar.short_src;
+ if (ar.currentline != -1)
+ {
+ // poor mans int to string to avoid <strstrream>.
+ lua_pushnumber (L, ar.currentline);
+ s = s + ":" + lua_tostring (L, -1) + ": ";
+ lua_pop (L, 1);
+ }
+ }
+
+ s = s + message;
+
+ return luaL_error (L, s.c_str ());
+ }
+#endif
+
+ /**
+ Factored base to reduce template instantiations.
+ */
+ class ClassBase : public detail::Registrar
+ {
+ public:
+ explicit ClassBase (Namespace& parent)
+ : Registrar (parent)
+ {
+ }
+
+ using Registrar::operator=;
+
+ protected:
+ //--------------------------------------------------------------------------
+ /**
+ Create the const table.
+ */
+ void createConstTable (const char* name, bool trueConst = true)
+ {
+ std::string type_name = std::string (trueConst ? "const " : "") + name;
+
+ // Stack: namespace table (ns)
+ lua_newtable (L); // Stack: ns, const table (co)
+ lua_pushvalue (L, -1); // Stack: ns, co, co
+ lua_setmetatable (L, -2); // co.__metatable = co. Stack: ns, co
+
+ lua_pushstring (L, type_name.c_str ());
+ lua_rawsetp (L, -2, getTypeKey ()); // co [typeKey] = name. Stack: ns, co
+
+ lua_pushcfunction (L, &CFunc::indexMetaMethod);
+ rawsetfield (L, -2, "__index");
+
+ lua_pushcfunction (L, &CFunc::newindexObjectMetaMethod);
+ rawsetfield (L, -2, "__newindex");
+
+ lua_newtable (L);
+ lua_rawsetp (L, -2, getPropgetKey ());
+
+ if (Security::hideMetatables ())
+ {
+ lua_pushnil (L);
+ rawsetfield (L, -2, "__metatable");
+ }
+ }
+
+ //--------------------------------------------------------------------------
+ /**
+ Create the class table.
+
+ The Lua stack should have the const table on top.
+ */
+ void createClassTable (char const* name)
+ {
+ // Stack: namespace table (ns), const table (co)
+
+ // Class table is the same as const table except the propset table
+ createConstTable (name, false); // Stack: ns, co, cl
+
+ lua_newtable (L); // Stack: ns, co, cl, propset table (ps)
+ lua_rawsetp (L, -2, getPropsetKey ()); // cl [propsetKey] = ps. Stack: ns, co, cl
+
+ lua_pushvalue (L, -2); // Stack: ns, co, cl, co
+ lua_rawsetp(L, -2, getConstKey ()); // cl [constKey] = co. Stack: ns, co, cl
+
+ lua_pushvalue (L, -1); // Stack: ns, co, cl, cl
+ lua_rawsetp (L, -3, getClassKey ()); // co [classKey] = cl. Stack: ns, co, cl
+ }
+
+ //--------------------------------------------------------------------------
+ /**
+ Create the static table.
+ */
+ void createStaticTable (char const* name)
+ {
+ // Stack: namespace table (ns), const table (co), class table (cl)
+ lua_newtable (L); // Stack: ns, co, cl, visible static table (vst)
+ lua_newtable (L); // Stack: ns, co, cl, st, static metatable (st)
+ lua_pushvalue (L, -1); // Stack: ns, co, cl, vst, st, st
+ lua_setmetatable (L, -3); // st.__metatable = mt. Stack: ns, co, cl, vst, st
+ lua_insert (L, -2); // Stack: ns, co, cl, st, vst
+ rawsetfield (L, -5, name); // ns [name] = vst. Stack: ns, co, cl, st
+
+#if 0
+ lua_pushlightuserdata (L, this);
+ lua_pushcclosure (L, &tostringMetaMethod, 1);
+ rawsetfield (L, -2, "__tostring");
+#endif
+ lua_pushcfunction (L, &CFunc::indexMetaMethod);
+ rawsetfield (L, -2, "__index");
+
+ lua_pushcfunction (L, &CFunc::newindexStaticMetaMethod);
+ rawsetfield (L, -2, "__newindex");
+
+ lua_newtable (L); // Stack: ns, co, cl, st, proget table (pg)
+ lua_rawsetp (L, -2, getPropgetKey ()); // st [propgetKey] = pg. Stack: ns, co, cl, st
+
+ lua_newtable (L); // Stack: ns, co, cl, st, propset table (ps)
+ lua_rawsetp (L, -2, getPropsetKey ()); // st [propsetKey] = pg. Stack: ns, co, cl, st
+
+ lua_pushvalue (L, -2); // Stack: ns, co, cl, st, cl
+ lua_rawsetp(L, -2, getClassKey()); // st [classKey] = cl. Stack: ns, co, cl, st
+
+ if (Security::hideMetatables ())
+ {
+ lua_pushnil (L);
+ rawsetfield (L, -2, "__metatable");
+ }
+ }
+
+ //==========================================================================
+ /**
+ lua_CFunction to construct a class object wrapped in a container.
+ */
+ template <class Params, class C>
+ static int ctorContainerProxy (lua_State* L)
+ {
+ typedef typename ContainerTraits <C>::Type T;
+ ArgList <Params, 2> args (L);
+ T* const p = Constructor <T, Params>::call (args);
+ UserdataSharedHelper <C, false>::push (L, p);
+ return 1;
+ }
+
+ //--------------------------------------------------------------------------
+ /**
+ lua_CFunction to construct a class object in-place in the userdata.
+ */
+ template <class Params, class T>
+ static int ctorPlacementProxy (lua_State* L)
+ {
+ ArgList <Params, 2> args (L);
+ Constructor <T, Params>::call (UserdataValue <T>::place (L), args);
+ return 1;
+ }
+
+ void assertStackState () const
+ {
+ // Stack: const table (co), class table (cl), static table (st)
+ assert (lua_istable (L, -3));
+ assert (lua_istable (L, -2));
+ assert (lua_istable (L, -1));
+ }
+ };
+
+ //============================================================================
+ //
+ // Class
+ //
+ //============================================================================
+ /**
+ Provides a class registration in a lua_State.
+
+ After construction the Lua stack holds these objects:
+ -1 static table
+ -2 class table
+ -3 const table
+ -4 enclosing namespace table
+ */
+ template <class T>
+ class Class : public ClassBase
+ {
+ public:
+ //==========================================================================
+ /**
+ Register a new class or add to an existing class registration.
+ */
+ Class (char const* name, Namespace& parent)
+ : ClassBase (parent)
+ {
+ assert (lua_istable (L, -1)); // Stack: namespace table (ns)
+ rawgetfield (L, -1, name); // Stack: ns, static table (st) | nil
+
+ if (lua_isnil (L, -1)) // Stack: ns, nil
+ {
+ lua_pop (L, 1); // Stack: ns
+
+ createConstTable (name); // Stack: ns, const table (co)
+ lua_pushcfunction (L, &CFunc::gcMetaMethod <T>); // Stack: ns, co, function
+ rawsetfield (L, -2, "__gc"); // Stack: ns, co
+ ++m_stackSize;
+
+ createClassTable (name); // Stack: ns, co, class table (cl)
+ lua_pushcfunction (L, &CFunc::gcMetaMethod <T>); // Stack: ns, co, cl, function
+ rawsetfield (L, -2, "__gc"); // Stack: ns, co, cl
+ ++m_stackSize;
+
+ createStaticTable (name); // Stack: ns, co, cl, st
+ ++m_stackSize;
+
+ // Map T back to its tables.
+ lua_pushvalue (L, -1); // Stack: ns, co, cl, st, st
+ lua_rawsetp (L, LUA_REGISTRYINDEX, ClassInfo <T>::getStaticKey ()); // Stack: ns, co, cl, st
+ lua_pushvalue (L, -2); // Stack: ns, co, cl, st, cl
+ lua_rawsetp (L, LUA_REGISTRYINDEX, ClassInfo <T>::getClassKey ()); // Stack: ns, co, cl, st
+ lua_pushvalue (L, -3); // Stack: ns, co, cl, st, co
+ lua_rawsetp (L, LUA_REGISTRYINDEX, ClassInfo <T>::getConstKey ()); // Stack: ns, co, cl, st
+ }
+ else
+ {
+ assert (lua_istable (L, -1)); // Stack: ns, st
+ ++m_stackSize;
+
+ // Map T back from its stored tables
+
+ lua_rawgetp (L, LUA_REGISTRYINDEX, ClassInfo <T>::getConstKey ()); // Stack: ns, st, co
+ lua_insert (L, -2); // Stack: ns, co, st
+ ++m_stackSize;
+
+ lua_rawgetp (L, LUA_REGISTRYINDEX, ClassInfo <T>::getClassKey ()); // Stack: ns, co, st, cl
+ lua_insert (L, -2); // Stack: ns, co, cl, st
+ ++m_stackSize;
+ }
+ }
+
+ //==========================================================================
+ /**
+ Derive a new class.
+ */
+ Class (char const* name, Namespace& parent, void const* const staticKey)
+ : ClassBase (parent)
+ {
+ assert (lua_istable (L, -1)); // Stack: namespace table (ns)
+
+ createConstTable (name); // Stack: ns, const table (co)
+ lua_pushcfunction (L, &CFunc::gcMetaMethod <T>); // Stack: ns, co, function
+ rawsetfield (L, -2, "__gc"); // Stack: ns, co
+ ++m_stackSize;
+
+ createClassTable (name); // Stack: ns, co, class table (cl)
+ lua_pushcfunction (L, &CFunc::gcMetaMethod <T>); // Stack: ns, co, cl, function
+ rawsetfield (L, -2, "__gc"); // Stack: ns, co, cl
+ ++m_stackSize;
+
+ createStaticTable (name); // Stack: ns, co, cl, st
+ ++m_stackSize;
+
+ lua_rawgetp (L, LUA_REGISTRYINDEX, staticKey); // Stack: ns, co, cl, st, parent st (pst) | nil
+ if (lua_isnil (L, -1)) // Stack: ns, co, cl, st, nil
+ {
+ ++m_stackSize;
+ throw std::runtime_error ("Base class is not registered");
+ }
+
+ assert (lua_istable (L, -1)); // Stack: ns, co, cl, st, pst
+
+ lua_rawgetp (L, -1, getClassKey ()); // Stack: ns, co, cl, st, pst, parent cl (pcl)
+ assert (lua_istable (L, -1));
+
+ lua_rawgetp (L, -1, getConstKey ()); // Stack: ns, co, cl, st, pst, pcl, parent co (pco)
+ assert (lua_istable (L, -1));
+
+ lua_rawsetp (L, -6, getParentKey ()); // co [parentKey] = pco. Stack: ns, co, cl, st, pst, pcl
+ lua_rawsetp (L, -4, getParentKey ()); // cl [parentKey] = pcl. Stack: ns, co, cl, st, pst
+ lua_rawsetp (L, -2, getParentKey ()); // st [parentKey] = pst. Stack: ns, co, cl, st
+
+ lua_pushvalue (L, -1); // Stack: ns, co, cl, st, st
+ lua_rawsetp (L, LUA_REGISTRYINDEX, ClassInfo <T>::getStaticKey ()); // Stack: ns, co, cl, st
+ lua_pushvalue (L, -2); // Stack: ns, co, cl, st, cl
+ lua_rawsetp (L, LUA_REGISTRYINDEX, ClassInfo <T>::getClassKey ()); // Stack: ns, co, cl, st
+ lua_pushvalue (L, -3); // Stack: ns, co, cl, st, co
+ lua_rawsetp (L, LUA_REGISTRYINDEX, ClassInfo <T>::getConstKey ()); // Stack: ns, co, cl, st
+ }
+
+ //--------------------------------------------------------------------------
+ /**
+ Continue registration in the enclosing namespace.
+ */
+ Namespace endClass ()
+ {
+ assert (m_stackSize > 3);
+ m_stackSize -= 3;
+ lua_pop (L, 3);
+ return Namespace (*this);
+ }
+
+ //--------------------------------------------------------------------------
+ /**
+ Add or replace a static data member.
+ */
+ template <class U>
+ Class <T>& addStaticProperty (char const* name, U* pu, bool isWritable = true)
+ {
+ return addStaticData (name, pu, isWritable);
+ }
+
+ //--------------------------------------------------------------------------
+ /**
+ Add or replace a static data member.
+ */
+ template <class U>
+ Class <T>& addStaticData (char const* name, U* pu, bool isWritable = true)
+ {
+ assertStackState (); // Stack: const table (co), class table (cl), static table (st)
+
+ lua_pushlightuserdata (L, pu); // Stack: co, cl, st, pointer
+ lua_pushcclosure (L, &CFunc::getVariable <U>, 1); // Stack: co, cl, st, getter
+ CFunc::addGetter (L, name, -2); // Stack: co, cl, st
+
+ if (isWritable)
+ {
+ lua_pushlightuserdata (L, pu); // Stack: co, cl, st, ps, pointer
+ lua_pushcclosure (L, &CFunc::setVariable <U>, 1); // Stack: co, cl, st, ps, setter
+ }
+ else
+ {
+ lua_pushstring (L, name); // Stack: co, cl, st, name
+ lua_pushcclosure (L, &CFunc::readOnlyError, 1); // Stack: co, cl, st, error_fn
+ }
+ CFunc::addSetter (L, name, -2); // Stack: co, cl, st
+
+ return *this;
+ }
+
+ //--------------------------------------------------------------------------
+ /**
+ Add or replace a static property member.
+
+ If the set function is null, the property is read-only.
+ */
+ template <class U>
+ Class <T>& addStaticProperty (char const* name, U (*get) (), void (*set) (U) = 0)
+ {
+ assertStackState (); // Stack: const table (co), class table (cl), static table (st)
+
+ lua_pushlightuserdata (L, reinterpret_cast <void*> (get)); // Stack: co, cl, st, function ptr
+ lua_pushcclosure (L, &CFunc::Call <U (*) ()>::f, 1); // Stack: co, cl, st, getter
+ CFunc::addGetter (L, name, -2); // Stack: co, cl, st
+
+ if (set != 0)
+ {
+ lua_pushlightuserdata (L, reinterpret_cast <void*> (set)); // Stack: co, cl, st, function ptr
+ lua_pushcclosure (L, &CFunc::Call <void (*) (U)>::f, 1); // Stack: co, cl, st, setter
+ }
+ else
+ {
+ lua_pushstring (L, name); // Stack: co, cl, st, ps, name
+ lua_pushcclosure (L, &CFunc::readOnlyError, 1); // Stack: co, cl, st, error_fn
+ }
+ CFunc::addSetter (L, name, -2); // Stack: co, cl, st
+
+ return *this;
+ }
+
+ //--------------------------------------------------------------------------
+ /**
+ Add or replace a static member function.
+ */
+ template <class FP>
+ Class <T>& addStaticFunction (char const* name, FP const fp)
+ {
+ assertStackState (); // Stack: const table (co), class table (cl), static table (st)
+
+ lua_pushlightuserdata (L, reinterpret_cast <void*> (fp)); // Stack: co, cl, st, function ptr
+ lua_pushcclosure (L, &CFunc::Call <FP>::f, 1); // co, cl, st, function
+ rawsetfield (L, -2, name); // co, cl, st
+
+ return *this;
+ }
+
+ //--------------------------------------------------------------------------
+ /**
+ Add or replace a lua_CFunction.
+ */
+ Class <T>& addStaticFunction (char const* name, int (*const fp) (lua_State*))
+ {
+ return addStaticCFunction (name, fp);
+ }
+
+ //--------------------------------------------------------------------------
+ /**
+ Add or replace a lua_CFunction.
+ */
+ Class <T>& addStaticCFunction (char const* name, int (*const fp) (lua_State*))
+ {
+ assertStackState (); // Stack: const table (co), class table (cl), static table (st)
+
+ lua_pushcfunction (L, fp); // co, cl, st, function
+ rawsetfield (L, -2, name); // co, cl, st
+
+ return *this;
+ }
+
+ //--------------------------------------------------------------------------
+ /**
+ Add or replace a data member.
+ */
+ template <class U>
+ Class <T>& addProperty (char const* name, U T::* mp, bool isWritable = true)
+ {
+ return addData (name, mp, isWritable);
+ }
+
+ //--------------------------------------------------------------------------
+ /**
+ Add or replace a data member.
+ */
+ template <class U>
+ Class <T>& addData (char const* name, U T::* mp, bool isWritable = true)
+ {
+ assertStackState (); // Stack: const table (co), class table (cl), static table (st)
+
+ typedef const U T::*mp_t;
+ new (lua_newuserdata (L, sizeof (mp_t))) mp_t (mp); // Stack: co, cl, st, field ptr
+ lua_pushcclosure (L, &CFunc::getProperty <T, U>, 1); // Stack: co, cl, st, getter
+ lua_pushvalue (L, -1); // Stack: co, cl, st, getter, getter
+ CFunc::addGetter (L, name, -5); // Stack: co, cl, st, getter
+ CFunc::addGetter (L, name, -3); // Stack: co, cl, st
+
+ if (isWritable)
+ {
+ new (lua_newuserdata (L, sizeof (mp_t))) mp_t (mp); // Stack: co, cl, st, field ptr
+ lua_pushcclosure (L, &CFunc::setProperty <T, U>, 1); // Stack: co, cl, st, setter
+ CFunc::addSetter (L, name, -3); // Stack: co, cl, st
+ }
+
+ return *this;
+ }
+
+ //--------------------------------------------------------------------------
+ /**
+ Add or replace a property member.
+ */
+ template <class TG, class TS = TG>
+ Class <T>& addProperty (char const* name, TG (T::* get) () const, void (T::* set) (TS) = 0)
+ {
+ assertStackState (); // Stack: const table (co), class table (cl), static table (st)
+
+ typedef TG (T::*get_t) () const;
+ new (lua_newuserdata (L, sizeof (get_t))) get_t (get); // Stack: co, cl, st, funcion ptr
+ lua_pushcclosure (L, &CFunc::CallConstMember <get_t>::f, 1); // Stack: co, cl, st, getter
+ lua_pushvalue (L, -1); // Stack: co, cl, st, getter, getter
+ CFunc::addGetter (L, name, -5); // Stack: co, cl, st, getter
+ CFunc::addGetter (L, name, -3); // Stack: co, cl, st
+
+ if (set != 0)
+ {
+ typedef void (T::* set_t) (TS);
+ new (lua_newuserdata (L, sizeof (set_t))) set_t (set); // Stack: co, cl, st, function ptr
+ lua_pushcclosure (L, &CFunc::CallMember <set_t>::f, 1); // Stack: co, cl, st, setter
+ CFunc::addSetter (L, name, -3); // Stack: co, cl, st
+ }
+
+ return *this;
+ }
+
+ //--------------------------------------------------------------------------
+ /**
+ Add or replace a property member.
+ */
+ template <class TG, class TS = TG>
+ Class <T>& addProperty (char const* name, TG (T::* get) (lua_State*) const, void (T::* set) (TS, lua_State*) = 0)
+ {
+ assertStackState (); // Stack: const table (co), class table (cl), static table (st)
+
+ typedef TG (T::*get_t) (lua_State*) const;
+ new (lua_newuserdata (L, sizeof (get_t))) get_t (get); // Stack: co, cl, st, funcion ptr
+ lua_pushcclosure (L, &CFunc::CallConstMember <get_t>::f, 1); // Stack: co, cl, st, getter
+ lua_pushvalue (L, -1); // Stack: co, cl, st, getter, getter
+ CFunc::addGetter (L, name, -5); // Stack: co, cl, st, getter
+ CFunc::addGetter (L, name, -3); // Stack: co, cl, st
+
+ if (set != 0)
+ {
+ typedef void (T::* set_t) (TS, lua_State*);
+ new (lua_newuserdata (L, sizeof (set_t))) set_t (set); // Stack: co, cl, st, function ptr
+ lua_pushcclosure (L, &CFunc::CallMember <set_t>::f, 1); // Stack: co, cl, st, setter
+ CFunc::addSetter (L, name, -3); // Stack: co, cl, st
+ }
+
+ return *this;
+ }
+
+ //--------------------------------------------------------------------------
+ /**
+ Add or replace a property member, by proxy.
+
+ When a class is closed for modification and does not provide (or cannot
+ provide) the function signatures necessary to implement get or set for
+ a property, this will allow non-member functions act as proxies.
+
+ Both the get and the set functions require a T const* and T* in the first
+ argument respectively.
+ */
+ template <class TG, class TS = TG>
+ Class <T>& addProperty (char const* name, TG (*get) (T const*), void (*set) (T*, TS) = 0)
+ {
+ assertStackState (); // Stack: const table (co), class table (cl), static table (st)
+
+ lua_pushlightuserdata (L, reinterpret_cast <void*> (get)); // Stack: co, cl, st, function ptr
+ lua_pushcclosure (L, &CFunc::Call <TG (*) (const T*)>::f, 1); // Stack: co, cl, st, getter
+ lua_pushvalue (L, -1); // Stack: co, cl, st,, getter, getter
+ CFunc::addGetter (L, name, -5); // Stack: co, cl, st, getter
+ CFunc::addGetter (L, name, -3); // Stack: co, cl, st
+
+ if (set != 0)
+ {
+ lua_pushlightuserdata (L, reinterpret_cast <void*> (set)); // Stack: co, cl, st, function ptr
+ lua_pushcclosure (L, &CFunc::Call <void (*) (T*, TS)>::f, 1); // Stack: co, cl, st, setter
+ CFunc::addSetter (L, name, -3); // Stack: co, cl, st
+ }
+
+ return *this;
+ }
+
+ //--------------------------------------------------------------------------
+ /**
+ Add or replace a property member, by proxy C-function.
+
+ When a class is closed for modification and does not provide (or cannot
+ provide) the function signatures necessary to implement get or set for
+ a property, this will allow non-member functions act as proxies.
+
+ The object userdata ('this') value is at the index 1.
+ The new value for set function is at the index 2.
+ */
+ Class <T>& addProperty (char const* name, int (*get) (lua_State*), int (*set) (lua_State*) = 0)
+ {
+ assertStackState (); // Stack: const table (co), class table (cl), static table (st)
+
+ lua_pushcfunction (L, get);
+ lua_pushvalue (L, -1); // Stack: co, cl, st,, getter, getter
+ CFunc::addGetter (L, name, -5); // Stack: co, cl, st,, getter
+ CFunc::addGetter (L, name, -3); // Stack: co, cl, st,
+
+ if (set != 0)
+ {
+ lua_pushcfunction (L, set);
+ CFunc::addSetter (L, name, -3); // Stack: co, cl, st,
+ }
+
+ return *this;
+ }
+
+#ifdef LUABRIDGE_CXX11
+ template <class TG, class TS = TG>
+ Class <T>& addProperty (char const* name,
+ std::function <TG (const T*)> get,
+ std::function <void (T*, TS)> set = nullptr)
+ {
+ using GetType = decltype (get);
+ new (lua_newuserdata (L, sizeof (get))) GetType (std::move (get)); // Stack: co, cl, st, function userdata (ud)
+ lua_newtable (L); // Stack: co, cl, st, ud, ud metatable (mt)
+ lua_pushcfunction (L, &CFunc::gcMetaMethodAny <GetType>); // Stack: co, cl, st, ud, mt, gc function
+ rawsetfield (L, -2, "__gc"); // Stack: co, cl, st, ud, mt
+ lua_setmetatable (L, -2); // Stack: co, cl, st, ud
+ lua_pushcclosure (L, &CFunc::CallProxyFunctor <GetType>::f, 1); // Stack: co, cl, st, getter
+ lua_pushvalue (L, -1); // Stack: co, cl, st, getter, getter
+ CFunc::addGetter (L, name, -4); // Stack: co, cl, st, getter
+ CFunc::addGetter (L, name, -4); // Stack: co, cl, st
+
+ if (set != nullptr)
+ {
+ using SetType = decltype (set);
+ new (lua_newuserdata (L, sizeof (set))) SetType (std::move (set)); // Stack: co, cl, st, function userdata (ud)
+ lua_newtable (L); // Stack: co, cl, st, ud, ud metatable (mt)
+ lua_pushcfunction (L, &CFunc::gcMetaMethodAny <SetType>); // Stack: co, cl, st, ud, mt, gc function
+ rawsetfield (L, -2, "__gc"); // Stack: co, cl, st, ud, mt
+ lua_setmetatable (L, -2); // Stack: co, cl, st, ud
+ lua_pushcclosure (L, &CFunc::CallProxyFunctor <SetType>::f, 1); // Stack: co, cl, st, setter
+ CFunc::addSetter (L, name, -3); // Stack: co, cl, st
+ }
+
+ return *this;
+ }
+
+#endif // LUABRIDGE_CXX11
+
+#ifndef LUABRIDGE_CXX11
+
+ //--------------------------------------------------------------------------
+ /**
+ Add or replace a member function.
+ */
+ template <class MemFn>
+ Class <T>& addFunction (char const* name, MemFn mf)
+ {
+ assertStackState (); // Stack: const table (co), class table (cl), static table (st)
+
+ static const std::string GC = "__gc";
+ if (name == GC)
+ {
+ throw std::logic_error (GC + " metamethod registration is forbidden");
+ }
+ CFunc::CallMemberFunctionHelper <MemFn, FuncTraits <MemFn>::isConstMemberFunction>::add (L, name, mf);
+ return *this;
+ }
+
+#else // ifndef LUABRIDGE_CXX11
+
+ //--------------------------------------------------------------------------
+ /**
+ Add or replace a member function by std::function.
+ */
+ template <class ReturnType, class... Params>
+ Class <T>& addFunction (char const* name, std::function <ReturnType (T*, Params...)> function)
+ {
+ assertStackState (); // Stack: const table (co), class table (cl), static table (st)
+
+ using FnType = decltype (function);
+ new (lua_newuserdata (L, sizeof (function))) FnType (std::move (function)); // Stack: co, cl, st, function userdata (ud)
+ lua_newtable (L); // Stack: co, cl, st, ud, ud metatable (mt)
+ lua_pushcfunction (L, &CFunc::gcMetaMethodAny <FnType>); // Stack: co, cl, st, ud, mt, gc function
+ rawsetfield (L, -2, "__gc"); // Stack: co, cl, st, ud, mt
+ lua_setmetatable (L, -2); // Stack: co, cl, st, ud
+ lua_pushcclosure (L, &CFunc::CallProxyFunctor <FnType>::f, 1); // Stack: co, cl, st, function
+ rawsetfield (L, -3, name); // Stack: co, cl, st
+
+ return *this;
+ }
+
+ //--------------------------------------------------------------------------
+ /**
+ Add or replace a const member function by std::function.
+ */
+ template <class ReturnType, class... Params>
+ Class <T>& addFunction (char const* name, std::function <ReturnType (const T*, Params...)> function)
+ {
+ assertStackState (); // Stack: const table (co), class table (cl), static table (st)
+
+ using FnType = decltype (function);
+ new (lua_newuserdata (L, sizeof (function))) FnType (std::move (function)); // Stack: co, cl, st, function userdata (ud)
+ lua_newtable (L); // Stack: co, cl, st, ud, ud metatable (mt)
+ lua_pushcfunction (L, &CFunc::gcMetaMethodAny <FnType>); // Stack: co, cl, st, ud, mt, gc function
+ rawsetfield (L, -2, "__gc"); // Stack: co, cl, st, ud, mt
+ lua_setmetatable (L, -2); // Stack: co, cl, st, ud
+ lua_pushcclosure (L, &CFunc::CallProxyFunctor <FnType>::f, 1); // Stack: co, cl, st, function
+ lua_pushvalue (L, -1); // Stack: co, cl, st, function, function
+ rawsetfield (L, -4, name); // Stack: co, cl, st, function
+ rawsetfield (L, -4, name); // Stack: co, cl, st
+
+ return *this;
+ }
+
+ //--------------------------------------------------------------------------
+ /**
+ Add or replace a member function.
+ */
+ template <class ReturnType, class... Params>
+ Class <T>& addFunction (char const* name, ReturnType (T::* mf) (Params...))
+ {
+ using MemFn = ReturnType (T::*) (Params...);
+
+ assertStackState (); // Stack: const table (co), class table (cl), static table (st)
+
+ static const std::string GC = "__gc";
+ if (name == GC)
+ {
+ throw std::logic_error (GC + " metamethod registration is forbidden");
+ }
+ CFunc::CallMemberFunctionHelper <MemFn, false>::add (L, name, mf);
+ return *this;
+ }
+
+ template <class ReturnType, class... Params>
+ Class <T>& addFunction (char const* name, ReturnType (T::* mf) (Params...) const)
+ {
+ using MemFn = ReturnType (T::*) (Params...) const;
+
+ assertStackState (); // Stack: const table (co), class table (cl), static table (st)
+
+ static const std::string GC = "__gc";
+ if (name == GC)
+ {
+ throw std::logic_error (GC + " metamethod registration is forbidden");
+ }
+ CFunc::CallMemberFunctionHelper <MemFn, true>::add (L, name, mf);
+ return *this;
+ }
+
+ //--------------------------------------------------------------------------
+ /**
+ Add or replace a proxy function.
+ */
+ template <class ReturnType, class... Params>
+ Class <T>& addFunction (char const* name, ReturnType (*proxyFn) (T* object, Params...))
+ {
+ assertStackState (); // Stack: const table (co), class table (cl), static table (st)
+
+ static const std::string GC = "__gc";
+ if (name == GC)
+ {
+ throw std::logic_error (GC + " metamethod registration is forbidden");
+ }
+ using FnType = decltype (proxyFn);
+ lua_pushlightuserdata (L, reinterpret_cast <void*> (proxyFn)); // Stack: co, cl, st, function ptr
+ lua_pushcclosure (L, &CFunc::CallProxyFunction <FnType>::f, 1); // Stack: co, cl, st, function
+ rawsetfield (L, -3, name); // Stack: co, cl, st
+ return *this;
+ }
+
+ template <class ReturnType, class... Params>
+ Class <T>& addFunction (char const* name, ReturnType (*proxyFn) (const T* object, Params...))
+ {
+ assertStackState (); // Stack: const table (co), class table (cl), static table (st)
+
+ static const std::string GC = "__gc";
+ if (name == GC)
+ {
+ throw std::logic_error (GC + " metamethod registration is forbidden");
+ }
+ using FnType = decltype (proxyFn);
+ lua_pushlightuserdata (L, reinterpret_cast <void*> (proxyFn)); // Stack: co, cl, st, function ptr
+ lua_pushcclosure (L, &CFunc::CallProxyFunction <FnType>::f, 1); // Stack: co, cl, st, function
+ lua_pushvalue (L, -1); // Stack: co, cl, st, function, function
+ rawsetfield (L, -4, name); // Stack: co, cl, st, function
+ rawsetfield (L, -4, name); // Stack: co, cl, st
+ return *this;
+ }
+
+#endif
+
+ //--------------------------------------------------------------------------
+ /**
+ Add or replace a member lua_CFunction.
+ */
+ Class <T>& addFunction (char const* name, int (T::*mfp) (lua_State*))
+ {
+ return addCFunction (name, mfp);
+ }
+
+ //--------------------------------------------------------------------------
+ /**
+ Add or replace a member lua_CFunction.
+ */
+ Class <T>& addCFunction (char const* name, int (T::*mfp) (lua_State*))
+ {
+ assertStackState (); // Stack: const table (co), class table (cl), static table (st)
+
+ typedef int (T::*MFP) (lua_State*);
+ new (lua_newuserdata (L, sizeof (mfp))) MFP (mfp); // Stack: co, cl, st, function ptr
+ lua_pushcclosure (L, &CFunc::CallMemberCFunction <T>::f, 1); // Stack: co, cl, st, function
+ rawsetfield (L, -3, name); // Stack: co, cl, st
+
+ return *this;
+ }
+
+ //--------------------------------------------------------------------------
+ /**
+ Add or replace a const member lua_CFunction.
+ */
+ Class <T>& addFunction (char const* name, int (T::*mfp) (lua_State*) const)
+ {
+ return addCFunction (name, mfp);
+ }
+
+ //--------------------------------------------------------------------------
+ /**
+ Add or replace a const member lua_CFunction.
+ */
+ Class <T>& addCFunction (char const* name, int (T::*mfp) (lua_State*) const)
+ {
+ assertStackState (); // Stack: const table (co), class table (cl), static table (st)
+
+ typedef int (T::*MFP) (lua_State*) const;
+ new (lua_newuserdata (L, sizeof (mfp))) MFP (mfp);
+ lua_pushcclosure (L, &CFunc::CallConstMemberCFunction <T>::f, 1);
+ lua_pushvalue (L, -1); // Stack: co, cl, st, function, function
+ rawsetfield (L, -4, name); // Stack: co, cl, st, function
+ rawsetfield (L, -4, name); // Stack: co, cl, st
+
+ return *this;
+ }
+
+ //--------------------------------------------------------------------------
+ /**
+ Add or replace a primary Constructor.
+
+ The primary Constructor is invoked when calling the class type table
+ like a function.
+
+ The template parameter should be a function pointer type that matches
+ the desired Constructor (since you can't take the address of a Constructor
+ and pass it as an argument).
+ */
+ template <class MemFn, class C>
+ Class <T>& addConstructor ()
+ {
+ assertStackState (); // Stack: const table (co), class table (cl), static table (st)
+
+ lua_pushcclosure (L, &ctorContainerProxy <typename FuncTraits <MemFn>::Params, C>, 0);
+ rawsetfield (L, -2, "__call");
+
+ return *this;
+ }
+
+ template <class MemFn>
+ Class <T>& addConstructor ()
+ {
+ assertStackState (); // Stack: const table (co), class table (cl), static table (st)
+
+ lua_pushcclosure (L, &ctorPlacementProxy <typename FuncTraits <MemFn>::Params, T>, 0);
+ rawsetfield (L, -2, "__call");
+
+ return *this;
+ }
+ };
+
+private:
+ //----------------------------------------------------------------------------
+ /**
+ Open the global namespace for registrations.
+ */
+ explicit Namespace (lua_State* L)
+ : Registrar (L)
+ {
+ lua_getglobal (L, "_G");
+ ++m_stackSize;
+ }
+
+ //----------------------------------------------------------------------------
+ /**
+ Open a namespace for registrations.
+
+ The namespace is created if it doesn't already exist.
+ The parent namespace is at the top of the Lua stack.
+ */
+ Namespace (char const* name, Namespace& parent)
+ : Registrar (parent)
+ {
+ assert (lua_istable (L, -1)); // Stack: parent namespace (pns)
+
+ rawgetfield (L, -1, name); // Stack: pns, namespace (ns) | nil
+
+ if (lua_isnil (L, -1)) // Stack: pns, nil
+ {
+ lua_pop (L, 1); // Stack: pns
+
+ lua_newtable (L); // Stack: pns, ns
+ lua_pushvalue (L, -1); // Stack: pns, ns, ns
+
+ // na.__metatable = ns
+ lua_setmetatable (L, -2); // Stack: pns, ns
+
+ // ns.__index = indexMetaMethod
+ lua_pushcfunction (L, &CFunc::indexMetaMethod);
+ rawsetfield (L, -2, "__index"); // Stack: pns, ns
+
+ // ns.__newindex = newindexMetaMethod
+ lua_pushcfunction (L, &CFunc::newindexStaticMetaMethod);
+ rawsetfield (L, -2, "__newindex"); // Stack: pns, ns
+
+ lua_newtable (L); // Stack: pns, ns, propget table (pg)
+ lua_rawsetp (L, -2, getPropgetKey ()); // ns [propgetKey] = pg. Stack: pns, ns
+
+ lua_newtable (L); // Stack: pns, ns, propset table (ps)
+ lua_rawsetp (L, -2, getPropsetKey ()); // ns [propsetKey] = ps. Stack: pns, ns
+
+ // pns [name] = ns
+ lua_pushvalue (L, -1); // Stack: pns, ns, ns
+ rawsetfield (L, -3, name); // Stack: pns, ns
+#if 0
+ lua_pushcfunction (L, &tostringMetaMethod);
+ rawsetfield (L, -2, "__tostring");
+#endif
+ }
+
+ ++m_stackSize;
+ }
+
+ //----------------------------------------------------------------------------
+ /**
+ Close the class and continue the namespace registrations.
+ */
+ explicit Namespace (ClassBase& child)
+ : Registrar (child)
+ {
+ }
+
+ using Registrar::operator=;
+
+ static int throwAtPanic (lua_State* L)
+ {
+ throw std::runtime_error (lua_tostring (L, 1));
+ }
+
+public:
+ //----------------------------------------------------------------------------
+ /**
+ Open the global namespace.
+ */
+ static Namespace getGlobalNamespace (lua_State* L)
+ {
+ lua_atpanic (L, throwAtPanic);
+ return Namespace (L);
+ }
+
+ //----------------------------------------------------------------------------
+ /**
+ Open a new or existing namespace for registrations.
+ */
+ Namespace beginNamespace (char const* name)
+ {
+ assertIsActive ();
+ return Namespace (name, *this);
+ }
+
+ //----------------------------------------------------------------------------
+ /**
+ Continue namespace registration in the parent.
+
+ Do not use this on the global namespace.
+ */
+ Namespace endNamespace ()
+ {
+ if (m_stackSize == 1)
+ {
+ throw std::logic_error ("endNamespace () called on global namespace");
+ }
+
+ assert (m_stackSize > 1);
+ --m_stackSize;
+ lua_pop (L, 1);
+ return Namespace (*this);
+ }
+
+ //----------------------------------------------------------------------------
+ /**
+ Add or replace a variable.
+ */
+ template <class T>
+ Namespace& addProperty (char const* name, T* pt, bool isWritable = true)
+ {
+ return addVariable (name, pt, isWritable);
+ }
+
+ //----------------------------------------------------------------------------
+ /**
+ Add or replace a variable.
+ */
+ template <class T>
+ Namespace& addVariable (char const* name, T* pt, bool isWritable = true)
+ {
+ if (m_stackSize == 1)
+ {
+ throw std::logic_error ("addProperty () called on global namespace");
+ }
+
+ assert (lua_istable (L, -1)); // Stack: namespace table (ns)
+
+ lua_pushlightuserdata (L, pt); // Stack: ns, pointer
+ lua_pushcclosure (L, &CFunc::getVariable <T>, 1); // Stack: ns, getter
+ CFunc::addGetter (L, name, -2); // Stack: ns
+
+ if (isWritable)
+ {
+ lua_pushlightuserdata (L, pt); // Stack: ns, pointer
+ lua_pushcclosure (L, &CFunc::setVariable <T>, 1); // Stack: ns, setter
+ }
+ else
+ {
+ lua_pushstring (L, name); // Stack: ns, ps, name
+ lua_pushcclosure (L, &CFunc::readOnlyError, 1); // Stack: ns, error_fn
+ }
+ CFunc::addSetter (L, name, -2); // Stack: ns
+
+ return *this;
+ }
+
+ //----------------------------------------------------------------------------
+ /**
+ Add or replace a property.
+
+ If the set function is omitted or null, the property is read-only.
+ */
+ template <class TG, class TS = TG>
+ Namespace& addProperty (char const* name, TG (*get) (), void (*set) (TS) = 0)
+ {
+ if (m_stackSize == 1)
+ {
+ throw std::logic_error ("addProperty () called on global namespace");
+ }
+
+ assert (lua_istable (L, -1)); // Stack: namespace table (ns)
+
+ lua_pushlightuserdata (L, reinterpret_cast <void*> (get)); // Stack: ns, function ptr
+ lua_pushcclosure (L, &CFunc::Call <TG (*) ()>::f, 1); // Stack: ns, getter
+ CFunc::addGetter (L, name, -2);
+
+ if (set != 0)
+ {
+ lua_pushlightuserdata(L, reinterpret_cast <void*> (set)); // Stack: ns, function ptr
+ lua_pushcclosure (L, &CFunc::Call <void (*) (TS)>::f, 1);
+ }
+ else
+ {
+ lua_pushstring (L, name);
+ lua_pushcclosure (L, &CFunc::readOnlyError, 1);
+ }
+ CFunc::addSetter (L, name, -2);
+
+ return *this;
+ }
+
+ //----------------------------------------------------------------------------
+ /**
+ Add or replace a free function.
+ */
+ template <class FP>
+ Namespace& addFunction (char const* name, FP const fp)
+ {
+ assert (lua_istable (L, -1)); // Stack: namespace table (ns)
+
+ lua_pushlightuserdata (L, reinterpret_cast <void*> (fp)); // Stack: ns, function ptr
+ lua_pushcclosure (L, &CFunc::Call <FP>::f, 1); // Stack: ns, function
+ rawsetfield (L, -2, name); // Stack: ns
+
+ return *this;
+ }
+
+ //----------------------------------------------------------------------------
+ /**
+ Add or replace a lua_CFunction.
+ */
+ Namespace& addFunction (char const* name, int (*const fp) (lua_State*))
+ {
+ return addCFunction (name, fp);
+ }
+
+ //----------------------------------------------------------------------------
+ /**
+ Add or replace a lua_CFunction.
+ */
+ Namespace& addCFunction (char const* name, int (*const fp) (lua_State*))
+ {
+ assert (lua_istable (L, -1)); // Stack: namespace table (ns)
+
+ lua_pushcfunction (L, fp); // Stack: ns, function
+ rawsetfield (L, -2, name); // Stack: ns
+
+ return *this;
+ }
+
+ //----------------------------------------------------------------------------
+ /**
+ Open a new or existing class for registrations.
+ */
+ template <class T>
+ Class <T> beginClass (char const* name)
+ {
+ assertIsActive ();
+ return Class <T> (name, *this);
+ }
+
+ //----------------------------------------------------------------------------
+ /**
+ Derive a new class for registrations.
+
+ To continue registrations for the class later, use beginClass ().
+ Do not call deriveClass () again.
+ */
+ template <class Derived, class Base>
+ Class <Derived> deriveClass (char const* name)
+ {
+ assertIsActive ();
+ return Class <Derived> (name, *this, ClassInfo <Base>::getStaticKey ());
+ }
+};
+
+//------------------------------------------------------------------------------
+/**
+ Retrieve the global namespace.
+
+ It is recommended to put your namespace inside the global namespace, and
+ then add your classes and functions to it, rather than adding many classes
+ and functions directly to the global namespace.
+*/
+inline Namespace getGlobalNamespace (lua_State* L)
+{
+ return Namespace::getGlobalNamespace (L);
+}
+
+} // namespace luabridge
--- /dev/null
+#pragma once
+
+namespace luabridge {
+
+//------------------------------------------------------------------------------
+/**
+security options.
+*/
+class Security
+{
+public:
+ static bool hideMetatables()
+ {
+ return getSettings().hideMetatables;
+ }
+
+ static void setHideMetatables(bool shouldHide)
+ {
+ getSettings().hideMetatables = shouldHide;
+ }
+
+private:
+ struct Settings
+ {
+ Settings() : hideMetatables(true)
+ {
+ }
+
+ bool hideMetatables;
+ };
+
+ static Settings& getSettings()
+ {
+ static Settings settings;
+ return settings;
+ }
+};
+
+//------------------------------------------------------------------------------
+/**
+Push an object onto the Lua stack.
+*/
+template <class T>
+inline void push(lua_State* L, T t)
+{
+ Stack <T>::push(L, t);
+}
+
+//------------------------------------------------------------------------------
+/**
+Set a global value in the lua_State.
+
+@note This works on any type specialized by `Stack`, including `LuaRef` and
+its table proxies.
+*/
+template <class T>
+inline void setGlobal(lua_State* L, T t, char const* name)
+{
+ push(L, t);
+ lua_setglobal(L, name);
+}
+
+//------------------------------------------------------------------------------
+/**
+Change whether or not metatables are hidden (on by default).
+*/
+inline void setHideMetatables(bool shouldHide)
+{
+ Security::setHideMetatables(shouldHide);
+}
+
+} // namespace luabridge
--- /dev/null
+//------------------------------------------------------------------------------
+/*
+ https://github.com/vinniefalco/LuaBridge
+
+ Copyright 2019, Dmitry Tarakanov
+ Copyright 2012, Vinnie Falco <vinnie.falco@gmail.com>
+ Copyright 2007, Nathan Reed
+
+ License: The MIT License (http://www.opensource.org/licenses/mit-license.php)
+
+ Permission is hereby granted, free of charge, to any person obtaining a copy
+ of this software and associated documentation files (the "Software"), to deal
+ in the Software without restriction, including without limitation the rights
+ to use, copy, modify, merge, publish, distribute, sublicense, and/or sell
+ copies of the Software, and to permit persons to whom the Software is
+ furnished to do so, subject to the following conditions:
+
+ The above copyright notice and this permission notice shall be included in all
+ copies or substantial portions of the Software.
+
+ THE SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED "AS IS", WITHOUT WARRANTY OF ANY KIND, EXPRESS OR
+ IMPLIED, INCLUDING BUT NOT LIMITED TO THE WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY,
+ FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE AND NONINFRINGEMENT. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE
+ AUTHORS OR COPYRIGHT HOLDERS BE LIABLE FOR ANY CLAIM, DAMAGES OR OTHER
+ LIABILITY, WHETHER IN AN ACTION OF CONTRACT, TORT OR OTHERWISE, ARISING FROM,
+ OUT OF OR IN CONNECTION WITH THE SOFTWARE OR THE USE OR OTHER DEALINGS IN THE
+ SOFTWARE.
+*/
+//==============================================================================
+
+#pragma once
+
+#include <LuaBridge/detail/LuaHelpers.h>
+#include <LuaBridge/detail/Userdata.h>
+
+#include <string>
+
+namespace luabridge {
+
+template <class T>
+struct Stack;
+
+template <>
+struct Stack <void>
+{
+ static void push ()
+ {
+ }
+};
+
+//------------------------------------------------------------------------------
+/**
+ Receive the lua_State* as an argument.
+*/
+template <>
+struct Stack <lua_State*>
+{
+ static lua_State* get (lua_State* L, int)
+ {
+ return L;
+ }
+};
+
+//------------------------------------------------------------------------------
+/**
+ Push a lua_CFunction.
+*/
+template <>
+struct Stack <lua_CFunction>
+{
+ static void push (lua_State* L, lua_CFunction f)
+ {
+ lua_pushcfunction (L, f);
+ }
+
+ static lua_CFunction get (lua_State* L, int index)
+ {
+ return lua_tocfunction (L, index);
+ }
+};
+
+//------------------------------------------------------------------------------
+/**
+ Stack specialization for `int`.
+*/
+template <>
+struct Stack <int>
+{
+ static void push (lua_State* L, int value)
+ {
+ lua_pushinteger (L, static_cast <lua_Integer> (value));
+ }
+
+ static int get (lua_State* L, int index)
+ {
+ return static_cast <int> (luaL_checkinteger (L, index));
+ }
+};
+
+//------------------------------------------------------------------------------
+/**
+ Stack specialization for `unsigned int`.
+*/
+template <>
+struct Stack <unsigned int>
+{
+ static void push (lua_State* L, unsigned int value)
+ {
+ lua_pushinteger (L, static_cast <lua_Integer> (value));
+ }
+
+ static unsigned int get (lua_State* L, int index)
+ {
+ return static_cast <unsigned int> (luaL_checkinteger (L, index));
+ }
+};
+
+//------------------------------------------------------------------------------
+/**
+ Stack specialization for `unsigned char`.
+*/
+template <>
+struct Stack <unsigned char>
+{
+ static void push (lua_State* L, unsigned char value)
+ {
+ lua_pushinteger (L, static_cast <lua_Integer> (value));
+ }
+
+ static unsigned char get (lua_State* L, int index)
+ {
+ return static_cast <unsigned char> (luaL_checkinteger (L, index));
+ }
+};
+
+//------------------------------------------------------------------------------
+/**
+ Stack specialization for `short`.
+*/
+template <>
+struct Stack <short>
+{
+ static void push (lua_State* L, short value)
+ {
+ lua_pushinteger (L, static_cast <lua_Integer> (value));
+ }
+
+ static short get (lua_State* L, int index)
+ {
+ return static_cast <short> (luaL_checkinteger (L, index));
+ }
+};
+
+//------------------------------------------------------------------------------
+/**
+ Stack specialization for `unsigned short`.
+*/
+template <>
+struct Stack <unsigned short>
+{
+ static void push (lua_State* L, unsigned short value)
+ {
+ lua_pushinteger (L, static_cast <lua_Integer> (value));
+ }
+
+ static unsigned short get (lua_State* L, int index)
+ {
+ return static_cast <unsigned short> (luaL_checkinteger (L, index));
+ }
+};
+
+//------------------------------------------------------------------------------
+/**
+ Stack specialization for `long`.
+*/
+template <>
+struct Stack <long>
+{
+ static void push (lua_State* L, long value)
+ {
+ lua_pushinteger (L, static_cast <lua_Integer> (value));
+ }
+
+ static long get (lua_State* L, int index)
+ {
+ return static_cast <long> (luaL_checkinteger (L, index));
+ }
+};
+
+//------------------------------------------------------------------------------
+/**
+ Stack specialization for `unsigned long`.
+*/
+template <>
+struct Stack <unsigned long>
+{
+ static void push (lua_State* L, unsigned long value)
+ {
+ lua_pushinteger (L, static_cast <lua_Integer> (value));
+ }
+
+ static unsigned long get (lua_State* L, int index)
+ {
+ return static_cast <unsigned long> (luaL_checkinteger (L, index));
+ }
+};
+
+//------------------------------------------------------------------------------
+/**
+ * Stack specialization for `long long`.
+ */
+template <>
+struct Stack <long long>
+{
+ static void push (lua_State* L, long long value)
+ {
+ lua_pushinteger (L, static_cast <lua_Integer> (value));
+ }
+ static long long get (lua_State* L, int index)
+ {
+ return static_cast <long long> (luaL_checkinteger (L, index));
+ }
+};
+
+//------------------------------------------------------------------------------
+/**
+ * Stack specialization for `unsigned long long`.
+ */
+template <>
+struct Stack <unsigned long long>
+{
+ static void push (lua_State* L, unsigned long long value)
+ {
+ lua_pushinteger (L, static_cast <lua_Integer> (value));
+ }
+ static unsigned long long get (lua_State* L, int index)
+ {
+ return static_cast <unsigned long long> (luaL_checkinteger (L, index));
+ }
+};
+
+//------------------------------------------------------------------------------
+/**
+ Stack specialization for `float`.
+*/
+template <>
+struct Stack <float>
+{
+ static void push (lua_State* L, float value)
+ {
+ lua_pushnumber (L, static_cast <lua_Number> (value));
+ }
+
+ static float get (lua_State* L, int index)
+ {
+ return static_cast <float> (luaL_checknumber (L, index));
+ }
+};
+
+//------------------------------------------------------------------------------
+/**
+ Stack specialization for `double`.
+*/
+template <>
+struct Stack <double>
+{
+ static void push (lua_State* L, double value)
+ {
+ lua_pushnumber (L, static_cast <lua_Number> (value));
+ }
+
+ static double get (lua_State* L, int index)
+ {
+ return static_cast <double> (luaL_checknumber (L, index));
+ }
+};
+
+//------------------------------------------------------------------------------
+/**
+ Stack specialization for `bool`.
+*/
+template <>
+struct Stack <bool>
+{
+ static void push (lua_State* L, bool value)
+ {
+ lua_pushboolean (L, value ? 1 : 0);
+ }
+
+ static bool get (lua_State* L, int index)
+ {
+ return lua_toboolean (L, index) ? true : false;
+ }
+};
+
+//------------------------------------------------------------------------------
+/**
+ Stack specialization for `char`.
+*/
+template <>
+struct Stack <char>
+{
+ static void push (lua_State* L, char value)
+ {
+ lua_pushlstring (L, &value, 1);
+ }
+
+ static char get (lua_State* L, int index)
+ {
+ return luaL_checkstring (L, index) [0];
+ }
+};
+
+//------------------------------------------------------------------------------
+/**
+ Stack specialization for `const char*`.
+*/
+template <>
+struct Stack <char const*>
+{
+ static void push (lua_State* L, char const* str)
+ {
+ if (str != 0)
+ lua_pushstring (L, str);
+ else
+ lua_pushnil (L);
+ }
+
+ static char const* get (lua_State* L, int index)
+ {
+ return lua_isnil (L, index) ? 0 : luaL_checkstring (L, index);
+ }
+};
+
+//------------------------------------------------------------------------------
+/**
+ Stack specialization for `std::string`.
+*/
+template <>
+struct Stack <std::string>
+{
+ static void push (lua_State* L, std::string const& str)
+ {
+ lua_pushlstring (L, str.data (), str.size ());
+ }
+
+ static std::string get (lua_State* L, int index)
+ {
+ size_t len;
+ const char *str = luaL_checklstring (L, index, &len);
+ return std::string (str, len);
+ }
+};
+
+
+template <class T>
+struct StackOpSelector <T&, false>
+{
+ typedef T ReturnType;
+
+ static void push (lua_State* L, T& value)
+ {
+ Stack <T>::push (L, value);
+ }
+
+ static ReturnType get (lua_State* L, int index)
+ {
+ return Stack <T>::get (L, index);
+ }
+};
+
+template <class T>
+struct StackOpSelector <const T&, false>
+{
+ typedef T ReturnType;
+
+ static void push (lua_State* L, const T& value)
+ {
+ Stack <T>::push (L, value);
+ }
+
+ static ReturnType get (lua_State* L, int index)
+ {
+ return Stack <T>::get (L, index);
+ }
+};
+
+template <class T>
+struct StackOpSelector <T*, false>
+{
+ typedef T ReturnType;
+
+ static void push (lua_State* L, T* value)
+ {
+ Stack <T>::push (L, *value);
+ }
+
+ static ReturnType get (lua_State* L, int index)
+ {
+ return Stack <T>::get (L, index);
+ }
+};
+
+template <class T>
+struct StackOpSelector <const T*, false>
+{
+ typedef T ReturnType;
+
+ static void push (lua_State* L, const T* value)
+ {
+ Stack <T>::push (L, *value);
+ }
+
+ static ReturnType get (lua_State* L, int index)
+ {
+ return Stack <T>::get (L, index);
+ }
+};
+
+
+template <class T>
+struct Stack <T&>
+{
+ typedef StackOpSelector <T&, IsUserdata <T>::value> Helper;
+ typedef typename Helper::ReturnType ReturnType;
+
+ static void push (lua_State* L, T& value)
+ {
+ Helper::push (L, value);
+ }
+
+ static ReturnType get (lua_State* L, int index)
+ {
+ return Helper::get (L, index);
+ }
+};
+
+template <class T>
+struct Stack <const T&>
+{
+ typedef StackOpSelector <const T&, IsUserdata <T>::value> Helper;
+ typedef typename Helper::ReturnType ReturnType;
+
+ static void push (lua_State* L, const T& value)
+ {
+ Helper::push (L, value);
+ }
+
+ static ReturnType get (lua_State* L, int index)
+ {
+ return Helper::get (L, index);
+ }
+};
+
+template <class T>
+struct Stack <T*>
+{
+ typedef StackOpSelector <T*, IsUserdata <T>::value> Helper;
+ typedef typename Helper::ReturnType ReturnType;
+
+ static void push (lua_State* L, T* value)
+ {
+ Helper::push (L, value);
+ }
+
+ static ReturnType get (lua_State* L, int index)
+ {
+ return Helper::get (L, index);
+ }
+};
+
+template <class T>
+struct Stack <const T*>
+{
+ typedef StackOpSelector <const T*, IsUserdata <T>::value> Helper;
+ typedef typename Helper::ReturnType ReturnType;
+
+ static void push (lua_State* L, const T* value)
+ {
+ Helper::push (L, value);
+ }
+
+ static ReturnType get (lua_State* L, int index)
+ {
+ return Helper::get (L, index);
+ }
+};
+
+} // namespace luabridge
--- /dev/null
+//------------------------------------------------------------------------------
+/*
+ https://github.com/vinniefalco/LuaBridge
+
+ Copyright 2012, Vinnie Falco <vinnie.falco@gmail.com>
+ Copyright 2007, Nathan Reed
+
+ License: The MIT License (http://www.opensource.org/licenses/mit-license.php)
+
+ Permission is hereby granted, free of charge, to any person obtaining a copy
+ of this software and associated documentation files (the "Software"), to deal
+ in the Software without restriction, including without limitation the rights
+ to use, copy, modify, merge, publish, distribute, sublicense, and/or sell
+ copies of the Software, and to permit persons to whom the Software is
+ furnished to do so, subject to the following conditions:
+
+ The above copyright notice and this permission notice shall be included in all
+ copies or substantial portions of the Software.
+
+ THE SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED "AS IS", WITHOUT WARRANTY OF ANY KIND, EXPRESS OR
+ IMPLIED, INCLUDING BUT NOT LIMITED TO THE WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY,
+ FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE AND NONINFRINGEMENT. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE
+ AUTHORS OR COPYRIGHT HOLDERS BE LIABLE FOR ANY CLAIM, DAMAGES OR OTHER
+ LIABILITY, WHETHER IN AN ACTION OF CONTRACT, TORT OR OTHERWISE, ARISING FROM,
+ OUT OF OR IN CONNECTION WITH THE SOFTWARE OR THE USE OR OTHER DEALINGS IN THE
+ SOFTWARE.
+
+ This file incorporates work covered by the following copyright and
+ permission notice:
+
+ The Loki Library
+ Copyright (c) 2001 by Andrei Alexandrescu
+ This code accompanies the book:
+ Alexandrescu, Andrei. "Modern C++ Design: Generic Programming and Design
+ Patterns Applied". Copyright (c) 2001. Addison-Wesley.
+ Permission to use, copy, modify, distribute and sell this software for any
+ purpose is hereby granted without fee, provided that the above copyright
+ notice appear in all copies and that both that copyright notice and this
+ permission notice appear in supporting documentation.
+ The author or Addison-Welsey Longman make no representations about the
+ suitability of this software for any purpose. It is provided "as is"
+ without express or implied warranty.
+*/
+//==============================================================================
+
+#pragma once
+
+#include <LuaBridge/detail/Config.h>
+#include <LuaBridge/detail/Stack.h>
+
+#include <string>
+#include <typeinfo>
+
+namespace luabridge {
+
+/**
+ None type means void parameters or return value.
+*/
+typedef void None;
+
+template <typename Head, typename Tail = None>
+struct TypeList
+{
+ typedef Tail TailType;
+};
+
+template <class List>
+struct TypeListSize
+{
+ static const size_t value = TypeListSize <typename List::TailType>::value + 1;
+};
+
+template <>
+struct TypeListSize <None>
+{
+ static const size_t value = 0;
+};
+
+#ifdef LUABRIDGE_CXX11
+
+template <class... Params>
+struct MakeTypeList;
+
+template <class Param, class... Params>
+struct MakeTypeList <Param, Params...>
+{
+ using Result = TypeList <Param, typename MakeTypeList <Params...>::Result>;
+};
+
+template <>
+struct MakeTypeList <>
+{
+ using Result = None;
+};
+
+#endif
+
+/**
+ A TypeList with actual values.
+*/
+template <typename List>
+struct TypeListValues
+{
+ static std::string const tostring (bool)
+ {
+ return "";
+ }
+};
+
+/**
+ TypeListValues recursive template definition.
+*/
+template <typename Head, typename Tail>
+struct TypeListValues <TypeList <Head, Tail> >
+{
+ Head hd;
+ TypeListValues <Tail> tl;
+
+ TypeListValues (Head hd_, TypeListValues <Tail> const& tl_)
+ : hd (hd_), tl (tl_)
+ {
+ }
+
+ static std::string tostring (bool comma = false)
+ {
+ std::string s;
+
+ if (comma)
+ s = ", ";
+
+ s = s + typeid (Head).name ();
+
+ return s + TypeListValues <Tail>::tostring (true);
+ }
+};
+
+// Specializations of type/value list for head types that are references and
+// const-references. We need to handle these specially since we can't count
+// on the referenced object hanging around for the lifetime of the list.
+
+template <typename Head, typename Tail>
+struct TypeListValues <TypeList <Head&, Tail> >
+{
+ Head hd;
+ TypeListValues <Tail> tl;
+
+ TypeListValues (Head& hd_, TypeListValues <Tail> const& tl_)
+ : hd (hd_), tl (tl_)
+ {
+ }
+
+ static std::string const tostring (bool comma = false)
+ {
+ std::string s;
+
+ if (comma)
+ s = ", ";
+
+ s = s + typeid (Head).name () + "&";
+
+ return s + TypeListValues <Tail>::tostring (true);
+ }
+};
+
+template <typename Head, typename Tail>
+struct TypeListValues <TypeList <Head const&, Tail> >
+{
+ Head hd;
+ TypeListValues <Tail> tl;
+
+ TypeListValues (Head const& hd_, const TypeListValues <Tail>& tl_)
+ : hd (hd_), tl (tl_)
+ {
+ }
+
+ static std::string const tostring (bool comma = false)
+ {
+ std::string s;
+
+ if (comma)
+ s = ", ";
+
+ s = s + typeid (Head).name () + " const&";
+
+ return s + TypeListValues <Tail>::tostring (true);
+ }
+};
+
+//==============================================================================
+/**
+ Subclass of a TypeListValues constructable from the Lua stack.
+*/
+
+template <typename List, int Start = 1>
+struct ArgList
+{
+};
+
+template <int Start>
+struct ArgList <None, Start> : public TypeListValues <None>
+{
+ ArgList (lua_State*)
+ {
+ }
+};
+
+template <typename Head, typename Tail, int Start>
+struct ArgList <TypeList <Head, Tail>, Start>
+ : public TypeListValues <TypeList <Head, Tail> >
+{
+ ArgList (lua_State* L)
+ : TypeListValues <TypeList <Head, Tail> > (Stack <Head>::get (L, Start),
+ ArgList <Tail, Start + 1> (L))
+ {
+ }
+};
+
+} // namespace luabridge
--- /dev/null
+//------------------------------------------------------------------------------
+/*
+ https://github.com/vinniefalco/LuaBridge
+
+ Copyright 2019, Dmitry Tarakanov
+ Copyright 2012, Vinnie Falco <vinnie.falco@gmail.com>
+
+ License: The MIT License (http://www.opensource.org/licenses/mit-license.php)
+
+ Permission is hereby granted, free of charge, to any person obtaining a copy
+ of this software and associated documentation files (the "Software"), to deal
+ in the Software without restriction, including without limitation the rights
+ to use, copy, modify, merge, publish, distribute, sublicense, and/or sell
+ copies of the Software, and to permit persons to whom the Software is
+ furnished to do so, subject to the following conditions:
+
+ The above copyright notice and this permission notice shall be included in all
+ copies or substantial portions of the Software.
+
+ THE SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED "AS IS", WITHOUT WARRANTY OF ANY KIND, EXPRESS OR
+ IMPLIED, INCLUDING BUT NOT LIMITED TO THE WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY,
+ FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE AND NONINFRINGEMENT. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE
+ AUTHORS OR COPYRIGHT HOLDERS BE LIABLE FOR ANY CLAIM, DAMAGES OR OTHER
+ LIABILITY, WHETHER IN AN ACTION OF CONTRACT, TORT OR OTHERWISE, ARISING FROM,
+ OUT OF OR IN CONNECTION WITH THE SOFTWARE OR THE USE OR OTHER DEALINGS IN THE
+ SOFTWARE.
+*/
+//==============================================================================
+
+#pragma once
+
+#include <string>
+
+
+namespace luabridge {
+
+//------------------------------------------------------------------------------
+/**
+ Container traits.
+
+ Unspecialized ContainerTraits has the isNotContainer typedef for SFINAE.
+ All user defined containers must supply an appropriate specialization for
+ ContinerTraits (without the typedef isNotContainer). The containers that
+ come with LuaBridge also come with the appropriate ContainerTraits
+ specialization. See the corresponding declaration for details.
+
+ A specialization of ContainerTraits for some generic type ContainerType
+ looks like this:
+
+ template <class T>
+ struct ContainerTraits <ContainerType <T> >
+ {
+ typedef typename T Type;
+
+ static T* get (ContainerType <T> const& c)
+ {
+ return c.get (); // Implementation-dependent on ContainerType
+ }
+ };
+*/
+template <class T>
+struct ContainerTraits
+{
+ typedef bool isNotContainer;
+ typedef T Type;
+};
+
+//------------------------------------------------------------------------------
+/**
+ Type traits.
+
+ Specializations return information about a type.
+*/
+struct TypeTraits
+{
+ /** Determine if type T is a container.
+
+ To be considered a container, there must be a specialization of
+ ContainerTraits with the required fields.
+ */
+ template <typename T>
+ class isContainer
+ {
+ private:
+ typedef char yes[1]; // sizeof (yes) == 1
+ typedef char no [2]; // sizeof (no) == 2
+
+ template <typename C>
+ static no& test (typename C::isNotContainer*);
+
+ template <typename>
+ static yes& test (...);
+
+ public:
+ static const bool value = sizeof (test <ContainerTraits <T> >(0)) == sizeof (yes);
+ };
+
+ /** Determine if T is const qualified.
+ */
+ /** @{ */
+ template <class T>
+ struct isConst
+ {
+ static bool const value = false;
+ };
+
+ template <class T>
+ struct isConst <T const>
+ {
+ static bool const value = true;
+ };
+ /** @} */
+
+ /** Remove the const qualifier from T.
+ */
+ /** @{ */
+ template <class T>
+ struct removeConst
+ {
+ typedef T Type;
+ };
+
+ template <class T>
+ struct removeConst <T const>
+ {
+ typedef T Type;
+ };
+ /**@}*/
+};
+
+
+template <class T>
+struct Stack;
+
+} // namespace luabridge
--- /dev/null
+//------------------------------------------------------------------------------
+/*
+ https://github.com/vinniefalco/LuaBridge
+
+ Copyright 2019, Dmitry Tarakanov
+ Copyright 2012, Vinnie Falco <vinnie.falco@gmail.com>
+
+ License: The MIT License (http://www.opensource.org/licenses/mit-license.php)
+
+ Permission is hereby granted, free of charge, to any person obtaining a copy
+ of this software and associated documentation files (the "Software"), to deal
+ in the Software without restriction, including without limitation the rights
+ to use, copy, modify, merge, publish, distribute, sublicense, and/or sell
+ copies of the Software, and to permit persons to whom the Software is
+ furnished to do so, subject to the following conditions:
+
+ The above copyright notice and this permission notice shall be included in all
+ copies or substantial portions of the Software.
+
+ THE SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED "AS IS", WITHOUT WARRANTY OF ANY KIND, EXPRESS OR
+ IMPLIED, INCLUDING BUT NOT LIMITED TO THE WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY,
+ FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE AND NONINFRINGEMENT. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE
+ AUTHORS OR COPYRIGHT HOLDERS BE LIABLE FOR ANY CLAIM, DAMAGES OR OTHER
+ LIABILITY, WHETHER IN AN ACTION OF CONTRACT, TORT OR OTHERWISE, ARISING FROM,
+ OUT OF OR IN CONNECTION WITH THE SOFTWARE OR THE USE OR OTHER DEALINGS IN THE
+ SOFTWARE.
+*/
+//==============================================================================
+
+#pragma once
+
+#include <LuaBridge/detail/ClassInfo.h>
+
+#include <cassert>
+#include <stdexcept>
+
+
+namespace luabridge {
+
+//==============================================================================
+/**
+ Return the identity pointer for our lightuserdata tokens.
+
+ Because of Lua's dynamic typing and our improvised system of imposing C++
+ class structure, there is the possibility that executing scripts may
+ knowingly or unknowingly cause invalid data to get passed to the C functions
+ created by LuaBridge. In particular, our security model addresses the
+ following:
+ 1. Scripts cannot create a userdata (ignoring the debug lib).
+ 2. Scripts cannot create a lightuserdata (ignoring the debug lib).
+ 3. Scripts cannot set the metatable on a userdata.
+*/
+
+/**
+ Interface to a class pointer retrievable from a userdata.
+*/
+class Userdata
+{
+protected:
+ void* m_p; // subclasses must set this
+
+ //--------------------------------------------------------------------------
+ /**
+ Get an untyped pointer to the contained class.
+ */
+ void* getPointer ()
+ {
+ return m_p;
+ }
+
+private:
+ //--------------------------------------------------------------------------
+ /**
+ Validate and retrieve a Userdata on the stack.
+
+ The Userdata must exactly match the corresponding class table or
+ const table, or else a Lua error is raised. This is used for the
+ __gc metamethod.
+ */
+ static Userdata* getExactClass (lua_State* L, int index, [[maybe_unused]]void const* classKey)
+ {
+ return static_cast <Userdata*> (lua_touserdata (L, lua_absindex (L, index)));
+ }
+
+ //--------------------------------------------------------------------------
+ /**
+ Validate and retrieve a Userdata on the stack.
+
+ The Userdata must be derived from or the same as the given base class,
+ identified by the key. If canBeConst is false, generates an error if
+ the resulting Userdata represents to a const object. We do the type check
+ first so that the error message is informative.
+ */
+ static Userdata* getClass (lua_State* L,
+ int index,
+ void const* registryConstKey,
+ void const* registryClassKey,
+ bool canBeConst)
+ {
+ index = lua_absindex (L, index);
+
+ lua_getmetatable (L, index); // Stack: ot | nil
+ if (!lua_istable (L, -1))
+ {
+ lua_rawgetp (L, LUA_REGISTRYINDEX, registryClassKey); // Stack: registry metatable (rt) | nil
+ return throwBadArg (L, index);
+ }
+
+ lua_rawgetp (L, -1, getConstKey ()); // Stack: ot | nil, const table (co) | nil
+ assert (lua_istable (L, -1) || lua_isnil (L, -1));
+
+ // If const table is NOT present, object is const. Use non-const registry table
+ // if object cannot be const, so constness validation is done automatically.
+ // E.g. nonConstFn (constObj)
+ // -> canBeConst = false, isConst = true
+ // -> 'Class' registry table, 'const Class' object table
+ // -> 'expected Class, got const Class'
+ bool isConst = lua_isnil (L, -1); // Stack: ot | nil, nil, rt
+ if (isConst && canBeConst)
+ {
+ lua_rawgetp (L, LUA_REGISTRYINDEX, registryConstKey); // Stack: ot, nil, rt
+ }
+ else
+ {
+ lua_rawgetp (L, LUA_REGISTRYINDEX, registryClassKey); // Stack: ot, co, rt
+ }
+
+ lua_insert (L, -3); // Stack: rt, ot, co | nil
+ lua_pop (L, 1); // Stack: rt, ot
+
+ for (;;)
+ {
+ if (lua_rawequal (L, -1, -2))
+ {
+ lua_pop (L, 2); // Stack: -
+ return static_cast <Userdata*> (lua_touserdata (L, index));
+ }
+
+ // Replace current metatable with it's base class.
+ lua_rawgetp (L, -1, getParentKey ()); // Stack: rt, ot, parent ot (pot) | nil
+
+ if (lua_isnil (L, -1)) // Stack: rt, ot, nil
+ {
+ // Drop the object metatable because it may be some parent metatable
+ lua_pop (L, 2); // Stack: rt
+ return throwBadArg (L, index);
+ }
+
+ lua_remove (L, -2); // Stack: rt, pot
+ }
+
+ // no return
+ }
+
+ static Userdata* throwBadArg (lua_State* L, int index)
+ {
+ assert (lua_istable (L, -1) || lua_isnil (L, -1)); // Stack: rt | nil
+
+ const char* expected = 0;
+ if (lua_isnil (L, -1)) // Stack: nil
+ {
+ expected = "unregistered class";
+ }
+ else
+ {
+ lua_rawgetp (L, -1, getTypeKey ()); // Stack: rt, registry type
+ expected = lua_tostring (L, -1);
+ }
+
+ const char* got = 0;
+ if (lua_isuserdata (L, index))
+ {
+ lua_getmetatable (L, index); // Stack: ..., ot | nil
+ if (lua_istable (L, -1)) // Stack: ..., ot
+ {
+ lua_rawgetp (L, -1, getTypeKey ()); // Stack: ..., ot, object type | nil
+ if (lua_isstring (L, -1))
+ {
+ got = lua_tostring (L, -1);
+ }
+ }
+ }
+ if (!got)
+ {
+ got = lua_typename (L, lua_type (L, index));
+ }
+
+ luaL_argerror (L, index, lua_pushfstring (L, "%s expected, got %s", expected, got));
+ return 0;
+ }
+
+public:
+ virtual ~Userdata () { }
+
+ //--------------------------------------------------------------------------
+ /**
+ Returns the Userdata* if the class on the Lua stack matches.
+
+ If the class does not match, a Lua error is raised.
+ */
+ template <class T>
+ static inline Userdata* getExact (lua_State* L, int index)
+ {
+ return getExactClass (L, index, ClassInfo <T>::getClassKey ());
+ }
+
+ //--------------------------------------------------------------------------
+ /**
+ Get a pointer to the class from the Lua stack.
+
+ If the object is not the class or a subclass, or it violates the
+ const-ness, a Lua error is raised.
+ */
+ template <class T>
+ static inline T* get (lua_State* L, int index, bool canBeConst)
+ {
+ if (lua_isnil (L, index))
+ return 0;
+
+ return static_cast <T*> (getClass (
+ L, index, ClassInfo <T>::getConstKey (),
+ ClassInfo <T>::getClassKey (),
+ canBeConst)->getPointer ());
+ }
+};
+
+//----------------------------------------------------------------------------
+/**
+ Wraps a class object stored in a Lua userdata.
+
+ The lifetime of the object is managed by Lua. The object is constructed
+ inside the userdata using placement new.
+*/
+template <class T>
+class UserdataValue : public Userdata
+{
+private:
+ UserdataValue <T> (UserdataValue <T> const&);
+ UserdataValue <T> operator= (UserdataValue <T> const&);
+
+ char m_storage [sizeof (T)];
+
+ inline T* getObject ()
+ {
+ // If this fails to compile it means you forgot to provide
+ // a Container specialization for your container!
+ //
+ return reinterpret_cast <T*> (&m_storage [0]);
+ }
+
+private:
+ /**
+ Used for placement construction.
+ */
+ UserdataValue ()
+ {
+ m_p = getObject ();
+ }
+
+ ~UserdataValue ()
+ {
+ getObject ()->~T ();
+ }
+
+public:
+ /**
+ Push a T via placement new.
+
+ The caller is responsible for calling placement new using the
+ returned uninitialized storage.
+ */
+ static void* place (lua_State* const L)
+ {
+ UserdataValue <T>* const ud = new (
+ lua_newuserdata (L, sizeof (UserdataValue <T>))) UserdataValue <T> ();
+ lua_rawgetp (L, LUA_REGISTRYINDEX, ClassInfo <T>::getClassKey ());
+ if (!lua_istable (L, -1))
+ {
+ throw std::logic_error ("The class is not registered in LuaBridge");
+ }
+ lua_setmetatable (L, -2);
+ return ud->getPointer ();
+ }
+
+ /**
+ Push T via copy construction from U.
+ */
+ template <class U>
+ static inline void push (lua_State* const L, U const& u)
+ {
+ new (place (L)) U (u);
+ }
+};
+
+//----------------------------------------------------------------------------
+/**
+ Wraps a pointer to a class object inside a Lua userdata.
+
+ The lifetime of the object is managed by C++.
+*/
+class UserdataPtr : public Userdata
+{
+private:
+ UserdataPtr (UserdataPtr const&);
+ UserdataPtr operator= (UserdataPtr const&);
+
+private:
+ /** Push a pointer to object using metatable key.
+ */
+ static void push (lua_State* L, const void* p, void const* const key)
+ {
+ new (lua_newuserdata (L, sizeof (UserdataPtr))) UserdataPtr (const_cast <void*> (p));
+ lua_rawgetp (L, LUA_REGISTRYINDEX, key);
+ if (!lua_istable (L, -1))
+ {
+ throw std::logic_error ("The class is not registered in LuaBridge");
+ }
+ lua_setmetatable (L, -2);
+ }
+
+ explicit UserdataPtr (void* const p)
+ {
+ m_p = p;
+
+ // Can't construct with a null pointer!
+ //
+ assert (m_p != 0);
+ }
+
+public:
+ /** Push non-const pointer to object.
+ */
+ template <class T>
+ static void push (lua_State* const L, T* const p)
+ {
+ if (p)
+ push (L, p, ClassInfo <T>::getClassKey ());
+ else
+ lua_pushnil (L);
+ }
+
+ /** Push const pointer to object.
+ */
+ template <class T>
+ static void push (lua_State* const L, T const* const p)
+ {
+ if (p)
+ push (L, p, ClassInfo <T>::getConstKey ());
+ else
+ lua_pushnil (L);
+ }
+};
+
+//============================================================================
+/**
+ Wraps a container that references a class object.
+
+ The template argument C is the container type, ContainerTraits must be
+ specialized on C or else a compile error will result.
+*/
+template <class C>
+class UserdataShared : public Userdata
+{
+private:
+ UserdataShared (UserdataShared <C> const&);
+ UserdataShared <C>& operator= (UserdataShared <C> const&);
+
+ typedef typename TypeTraits::removeConst <
+ typename ContainerTraits <C>::Type>::Type T;
+
+ C m_c;
+
+private:
+ ~UserdataShared ()
+ {
+ }
+
+public:
+ /**
+ Construct from a container to the class or a derived class.
+ */
+ template <class U>
+ explicit UserdataShared (U const& u) : m_c (u)
+ {
+ m_p = const_cast <void*> (reinterpret_cast <void const*> (
+ (ContainerTraits <C>::get (m_c))));
+ }
+
+ /**
+ Construct from a pointer to the class or a derived class.
+ */
+ template <class U>
+ explicit UserdataShared (U* u) : m_c (u)
+ {
+ m_p = const_cast <void*> (reinterpret_cast <void const*> (
+ (ContainerTraits <C>::get (m_c))));
+ }
+};
+
+//----------------------------------------------------------------------------
+//
+// SFINAE helpers.
+//
+
+// non-const objects
+template <class C, bool makeObjectConst>
+struct UserdataSharedHelper
+{
+ typedef typename TypeTraits::removeConst <
+ typename ContainerTraits <C>::Type>::Type T;
+
+ static void push (lua_State* L, C const& c)
+ {
+ if (ContainerTraits <C>::get (c) != 0)
+ {
+ new (lua_newuserdata (L, sizeof (UserdataShared <C>))) UserdataShared <C> (c);
+ lua_rawgetp (L, LUA_REGISTRYINDEX, ClassInfo <T>::getClassKey ());
+ // If this goes off it means the class T is unregistered!
+ assert (lua_istable (L, -1));
+ lua_setmetatable (L, -2);
+ }
+ else
+ {
+ lua_pushnil (L);
+ }
+ }
+
+ static void push (lua_State* L, T* const t)
+ {
+ if (t)
+ {
+ new (lua_newuserdata (L, sizeof (UserdataShared <C>))) UserdataShared <C> (t);
+ lua_rawgetp (L, LUA_REGISTRYINDEX, ClassInfo <T>::getClassKey ());
+ // If this goes off it means the class T is unregistered!
+ assert (lua_istable (L, -1));
+ lua_setmetatable (L, -2);
+ }
+ else
+ {
+ lua_pushnil (L);
+ }
+ }
+};
+
+// const objects
+template <class C>
+struct UserdataSharedHelper <C, true>
+{
+ typedef typename TypeTraits::removeConst <
+ typename ContainerTraits <C>::Type>::Type T;
+
+ static void push (lua_State* L, C const& c)
+ {
+ if (ContainerTraits <C>::get (c) != 0)
+ {
+ new (lua_newuserdata (L, sizeof (UserdataShared <C>))) UserdataShared <C> (c);
+ lua_rawgetp (L, LUA_REGISTRYINDEX, ClassInfo <T>::getConstKey ());
+ // If this goes off it means the class T is unregistered!
+ assert (lua_istable (L, -1));
+ lua_setmetatable (L, -2);
+ }
+ else
+ {
+ lua_pushnil (L);
+ }
+ }
+
+ static void push (lua_State* L, T* const t)
+ {
+ if (t)
+ {
+ new (lua_newuserdata (L, sizeof (UserdataShared <C>))) UserdataShared <C> (t);
+ lua_rawgetp (L, LUA_REGISTRYINDEX, ClassInfo <T>::getConstKey ());
+ // If this goes off it means the class T is unregistered!
+ assert (lua_istable (L, -1));
+ lua_setmetatable (L, -2);
+ }
+ else
+ {
+ lua_pushnil (L);
+ }
+ }
+};
+
+/**
+ Pass by container.
+
+ The container controls the object lifetime. Typically this will be a
+ lifetime shared by C++ and Lua using a reference count. Because of type
+ erasure, containers like std::shared_ptr will not work. Containers must
+ either be of the intrusive variety, or in the style of the RefCountedPtr
+ type provided by LuaBridge (that uses a global hash table).
+*/
+template <class C, bool byContainer>
+struct StackHelper
+{
+ static void push (lua_State* L, C const& c)
+ {
+ UserdataSharedHelper <C,
+ TypeTraits::isConst <typename ContainerTraits <C>::Type>::value>::push (L, c);
+ }
+
+ typedef typename TypeTraits::removeConst <
+ typename ContainerTraits <C>::Type>::Type T;
+
+ static C get (lua_State* L, int index)
+ {
+ return Userdata::get <T> (L, index, true);
+ }
+};
+
+/**
+ Pass by value.
+
+ Lifetime is managed by Lua. A C++ function which accesses a pointer or
+ reference to an object outside the activation record in which it was
+ retrieved may result in undefined behavior if Lua garbage collected it.
+*/
+template <class T>
+struct StackHelper <T, false>
+{
+ static inline void push (lua_State* L, T const& t)
+ {
+ UserdataValue <T>::push (L, t);
+ }
+
+ static inline T const& get (lua_State* L, int index)
+ {
+ return *Userdata::get <T> (L, index, true);
+ }
+};
+
+
+//------------------------------------------------------------------------------
+/**
+ Lua stack conversions for pointers and references to class objects.
+
+ Lifetime is managed by C++. Lua code which remembers a reference to the
+ value may result in undefined behavior if C++ destroys the object. The
+ handling of the const and volatile qualifiers happens in UserdataPtr.
+*/
+
+template <class C, bool byContainer>
+struct RefStackHelper
+{
+ typedef C return_type;
+
+ static inline void push (lua_State* L, C const& t)
+ {
+ UserdataSharedHelper <C,
+ TypeTraits::isConst <typename ContainerTraits <C>::Type>::value>::push (L, t);
+ }
+
+ typedef typename TypeTraits::removeConst <
+ typename ContainerTraits <C>::Type>::Type T;
+
+ static return_type get (lua_State* L, int index)
+ {
+ return Userdata::get <T> (L, index, true);
+ }
+};
+
+template <class T>
+struct RefStackHelper <T, false>
+{
+ typedef T& return_type;
+
+ static void push (lua_State* L, T const& t)
+ {
+ UserdataPtr::push (L, &t);
+ }
+
+ static return_type get (lua_State* L, int index)
+ {
+ T* t = Userdata::get <T> (L, index, true);
+
+ if (!t)
+ luaL_error (L, "nil passed to reference");
+ return *t;
+ }
+};
+
+
+/**
+ * Voider class template. Used to force a comiler to instantiate
+ * an otherwise probably unused template parameter type T.
+ * See the C++20 std::void_t <> for details.
+ */
+template <class T>
+struct Void
+{
+ typedef void Type;
+};
+
+
+/**
+ * Trait class that selects whether to return a user registered
+ * class object by value or by reference.
+ */
+
+template <class T, class Enabler = void>
+struct UserdataGetter
+{
+ typedef T* ReturnType;
+
+ static ReturnType get (lua_State* L, int index)
+ {
+ return Userdata::get <T> (L, index, false);
+ }
+};
+
+template <class T>
+struct UserdataGetter <T, typename Void <T (*) ()>::Type>
+{
+ typedef T ReturnType;
+
+ static ReturnType get (lua_State* L, int index)
+ {
+ return StackHelper <T, TypeTraits::isContainer <T>::value>::get (L, index);
+ }
+};
+
+//==============================================================================
+
+/**
+ Lua stack conversions for class objects passed by value.
+*/
+template <class T>
+struct Stack
+{
+ typedef void IsUserdata;
+
+ typedef UserdataGetter <T> Getter;
+ typedef typename Getter::ReturnType ReturnType;
+
+ static void push (lua_State* L, T const& value)
+ {
+ StackHelper <T, TypeTraits::isContainer <T>::value>::push (L, value);
+ }
+
+ static ReturnType get (lua_State* L, int index)
+ {
+ return Getter::get (L, index);
+ }
+};
+
+
+/**
+ * Trait class indicating whether the parameter type must be
+ * a user registered class. The trait checks the existence of
+ * member type Stack <T>::IsUserdata specialization for detection.
+ */
+template <class T, class Enable = void>
+struct IsUserdata
+{
+ static const bool value = false;
+};
+
+template <class T>
+struct IsUserdata <T, typename Void <typename Stack <T>::IsUserdata>::Type>
+{
+ static const bool value = true;
+};
+
+
+/**
+ * Trait class that selects a specific push/get implemenation.
+ */
+template <class T, bool isUserdata>
+struct StackOpSelector;
+
+// pointer
+template <class T>
+struct StackOpSelector <T*, true>
+{
+ typedef T* ReturnType;
+
+ static void push (lua_State* L, T* value)
+ {
+ UserdataPtr::push (L, value);
+ }
+
+ static T* get (lua_State* L, int index)
+ {
+ return Userdata::get <T> (L, index, false);
+ }
+};
+
+// pointer to const
+template <class T>
+struct StackOpSelector <const T*, true>
+{
+ typedef const T* ReturnType;
+
+ static void push (lua_State* L, const T* value)
+ {
+ UserdataPtr::push (L, value);
+ }
+
+ static const T* get (lua_State* L, int index)
+ {
+ return Userdata::get <T> (L, index, true);
+ }
+};
+
+// reference
+template <class T>
+struct StackOpSelector <T&, true>
+{
+ typedef RefStackHelper <T, TypeTraits::isContainer <T>::value> Helper;
+ typedef typename Helper::return_type ReturnType;
+
+ static void push (lua_State* L, T& value)
+ {
+ UserdataPtr::push (L, &value);
+ }
+
+ static ReturnType get (lua_State* L, int index)
+ {
+ return Helper::get (L, index);
+ }
+};
+
+// reference to const
+template <class T>
+struct StackOpSelector <const T&, true>
+{
+ typedef RefStackHelper <T, TypeTraits::isContainer <T>::value> Helper;
+ typedef typename Helper::return_type ReturnType;
+
+ static void push (lua_State* L, const T& value)
+ {
+ Helper::push (L, value);
+ }
+
+ static ReturnType get (lua_State* L, int index)
+ {
+ return Helper::get (L, index);
+ }
+};
+
+} // namespace luabridge
--- /dev/null
+//==============================================================================
+/*
+ https://github.com/vinniefalco/LuaBridge
+
+ Copyright 2019, Dmitry Tarakanov
+ Copyright 2012, Vinnie Falco <vinnie.falco@gmail.com>
+ Copyright 2007, Nathan Reed
+
+ License: The MIT License (http://www.opensource.org/licenses/mit-license.php)
+
+ Permission is hereby granted, free of charge, to any person obtaining a copy
+ of this software and associated documentation files (the "Software"), to deal
+ in the Software without restriction, including without limitation the rights
+ to use, copy, modify, merge, publish, distribute, sublicense, and/or sell
+ copies of the Software, and to permit persons to whom the Software is
+ furnished to do so, subject to the following conditions:
+
+ The above copyright notice and this permission notice shall be included in all
+ copies or substantial portions of the Software.
+
+ THE SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED "AS IS", WITHOUT WARRANTY OF ANY KIND, EXPRESS OR
+ IMPLIED, INCLUDING BUT NOT LIMITED TO THE WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY,
+ FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE AND NONINFRINGEMENT. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE
+ AUTHORS OR COPYRIGHT HOLDERS BE LIABLE FOR ANY CLAIM, DAMAGES OR OTHER
+ LIABILITY, WHETHER IN AN ACTION OF CONTRACT, TORT OR OTHERWISE, ARISING FROM,
+ OUT OF OR IN CONNECTION WITH THE SOFTWARE OR THE USE OR OTHER DEALINGS IN THE
+ SOFTWARE.
+*/
+//==============================================================================
+
+#pragma once
+
+#include "LuaBridge/detail/ClassInfo.h"
+
+#include <iostream>
+#include <string>
+
+
+namespace luabridge {
+namespace debug {
+
+inline void putIndent (std::ostream& stream, unsigned level)
+{
+ for (unsigned i = 0; i < level; ++i)
+ {
+ stream << " ";
+ }
+}
+
+inline void dumpTable (lua_State* L, int index, std::ostream& stream, unsigned level);
+
+inline void dumpValue (lua_State* L, int index, std::ostream& stream, unsigned level = 0)
+{
+ const int type = lua_type (L, index);
+ switch (type)
+ {
+ case LUA_TNIL:
+ stream << "nil";
+ break;
+
+ case LUA_TBOOLEAN:
+ stream << (lua_toboolean (L, index) ? "true" : "false");
+ break;
+
+ case LUA_TNUMBER:
+ stream << lua_tonumber (L, index);
+ break;
+
+ case LUA_TSTRING:
+ stream << '"' << lua_tostring (L, index) << '"';
+ break;
+
+ case LUA_TFUNCTION:
+ if (lua_iscfunction (L, index))
+ {
+ stream << "cfunction@" << lua_topointer (L, index);
+ }
+ else
+ {
+ stream << "function@" << lua_topointer (L, index);
+ }
+ break;
+
+ case LUA_TTHREAD:
+ stream << "thread@" << lua_tothread (L, index);
+ break;
+
+ case LUA_TLIGHTUSERDATA:
+ stream << "lightuserdata@" << lua_touserdata (L, index);
+ break;
+
+ case LUA_TTABLE:
+ dumpTable (L, index, stream, level);
+ break;
+
+ case LUA_TUSERDATA:
+ stream << "userdata@" << lua_touserdata (L, index);
+ break;
+
+ default:
+ stream << lua_typename (L, type);;
+ break;
+ }
+}
+
+inline void dumpTable (lua_State* L, int index, std::ostream& stream, unsigned level)
+{
+ stream << "table@" << lua_topointer (L, index);
+
+ if (level > 0)
+ {
+ return;
+ }
+
+ index = lua_absindex (L, index);
+ stream << " {";
+ lua_pushnil (L); // Initial key
+ while (lua_next (L, index))
+ {
+ stream << "\n";
+ putIndent (stream, level + 1);
+ dumpValue (L, -2, stream, level + 1); // Key
+ stream << ": ";
+ dumpValue (L, -1, stream, level + 1); // Value
+ lua_pop (L, 1); // Value
+ }
+ putIndent (stream, level);
+ stream << "\n}";
+}
+
+inline void dumpState (lua_State *L, std::ostream& stream = std::cerr)
+{
+ int top = lua_gettop (L);
+ for (int i = 1; i <= top; ++i)
+ {
+ stream << "stack #" << i << ": ";
+ dumpValue (L, i, stream, 0);
+ stream << "\n";
+ }
+}
+
+} // namespace debug
+} // namespace luabridge
--- /dev/null
+set (LUABRIDGE_TEST_SOURCE_FILES
+ Source/ClassTests.cpp
+ Source/IssueTests.cpp
+ Source/IteratorTests.cpp
+ Source/LegacyTests.cpp
+ Source/ListTests.cpp
+ Source/LuaRefTests.cpp
+ Source/MapTests.cpp
+ Source/NamespaceTests.cpp
+ Source/PerformanceTests.cpp
+ Source/RefCountedPtrTests.cpp
+ Source/Tests.cpp
+ Source/TestBase.h
+ Source/TestTypes.h
+ Source/TestsMain.cpp
+ Source/UnorderedMapTests.cpp
+ Source/VectorTests.cpp
+)
+
+source_group ("Source" FILES ${LUABRIDGE_TEST_SOURCE_FILES})
+
+set (LUABRIDGE_TEST_JUICE_FILES
+ JuceLibraryCode/AppConfig.h
+ JuceLibraryCode/BinaryData.h
+ JuceLibraryCode/BinaryData.cpp
+ JuceLibraryCode/JuceHeader.h
+)
+
+add_library (JuceLibraryCode ${LUABRIDGE_TEST_JUICE_FILES})
+
+
+# Lua 5.1
+
+file (GLOB_RECURSE LUABRIDGE_TEST_LUA51_FILES
+ LuaLibrary.h
+ Lua/LuaLibrary5.1.5.cpp
+)
+
+add_library (Lua51 ${LUABRIDGE_TEST_LUA51_FILES})
+
+target_compile_options (Lua51
+ PUBLIC -DLUABRIDGEDEMO_LUA_VERSION=501
+)
+
+target_include_directories (Lua51 PRIVATE .)
+
+
+# Lua 5.2, C++11
+
+file (GLOB_RECURSE LUABRIDGE_TEST_LUA52_FILES
+ Lua/LuaLibrary.h
+ Lua/LuaLibrary5.2.0.cpp
+)
+
+add_library (Lua52 ${LUABRIDGE_TEST_LUA52_FILES})
+
+target_compile_options (Lua52
+ PUBLIC -DLUABRIDGEDEMO_LUA_VERSION=502
+)
+
+target_include_directories (Lua52 PRIVATE .)
+
+
+macro (add_test_app LUABRIDGE_TEST_NAME LUABRIDGE_TEST_LUA_LIBRARY)
+
+ add_executable (${LUABRIDGE_TEST_NAME}
+ ${LUABRIDGE_TEST_SOURCE_FILES}
+ )
+
+ target_include_directories (${LUABRIDGE_TEST_NAME} PRIVATE . Source)
+
+ target_link_libraries (${LUABRIDGE_TEST_NAME}
+ LuaBridge
+ ${LUABRIDGE_TEST_LUA_LIBRARY}
+ gtest
+ JuceLibraryCode
+ )
+
+endmacro (add_test_app)
+
+
+# C++11
+
+add_test_app (Tests51 Lua51)
+
+add_test_app (Tests52 Lua52)
+
+
+# Pre C++11
+
+add_test_app (Tests51L Lua51)
+target_compile_definitions (Tests51L PRIVATE LUABRIDGE_NO_CXX11)
+
+add_test_app (Tests52L Lua52)
+target_compile_definitions (Tests52L PRIVATE LUABRIDGE_NO_CXX11)
--- /dev/null
+/*
+
+ IMPORTANT! This file is auto-generated each time you save your
+ project - if you alter its contents, your changes may be overwritten!
+
+ There's a section below where you can add your own custom code safely, and the
+ Introjucer will preserve the contents of that block, but the best way to change
+ any of these definitions is by using the Introjucer's project settings.
+
+ Any commented-out settings will assume their default values.
+
+*/
+
+#ifndef __JUCE_APPCONFIG_K9UFLC__
+#define __JUCE_APPCONFIG_K9UFLC__
+
+//==============================================================================
+// [BEGIN_USER_CODE_SECTION]
+
+// (You can add your own code in this section, and the Introjucer will not overwrite it)
+
+// [END_USER_CODE_SECTION]
+
+//==============================================================================
+
+
+#endif // __JUCE_APPCONFIG_K9UFLC__
--- /dev/null
+/* ==================================== JUCER_BINARY_RESOURCE ====================================
+
+ This is an auto-generated file, created by The Introjucer 3.0.0
+ Do not edit anything in this file!
+
+*/
+
+namespace BinaryData
+{
+
+//================== Tests.lua ==================
+static const unsigned char temp_b6c6a671[] =
+"-- test lua script to be run with the luabridge test program\r\n"
+"\r\n"
+"print(\"Running LuaBridge tests:\");\r\n"
+"\r\n"
+"-- enum from C++\r\n"
+"FN_CTOR = 0\r\n"
+"FN_DTOR = 1\r\n"
+"FN_STATIC = 2\r\n"
+"FN_VIRTUAL = 3\r\n"
+"FN_PROPGET = 4\r\n"
+"FN_PROPSET = 5\r\n"
+"FN_STATIC_PROPGET = 6\r\n"
+"FN_STATIC_PROPSET = 7\r\n"
+"FN_OPERATOR = 8\r\n"
+"NUM_FN_TYPES = 9\r\n"
+"\r\n"
+"-- function to print contents of a table\r\n"
+"function printtable (t)\r\n"
+" for k, v in pairs(t) do\r\n"
+" if (type(v) == \"table\") then\r\n"
+" print(k .. \" =>\", \"(table)\");\r\n"
+" elseif (type(v) == \"function\") then\r\n"
+" print(k .. \" =>\", \"(function)\");\r\n"
+" elseif (type(v) == \"userdata\") then\r\n"
+" print(k .. \" =>\", \"(userdata)\");\r\n"
+" else\r\n"
+" print(k .. \" =>\", v);\r\n"
+" end\r\n"
+" end\r\n"
+"end\r\n"
+"\r\n"
+"function assert (expr)\r\n"
+" if (not expr) then error(\"assert failed\", 2) end\r\n"
+"end\r\n"
+"\r\n"
+"-- test functions registered from C++\r\n"
+"\r\n"
+"assert(testSucceeded());\r\n"
+"assert(testRetInt() == 47);\r\n"
+"assert(testRetFloat() == 47.0);\r\n"
+"assert(testRetConstCharPtr() == \"Hello, world\");\r\n"
+"assert(testRetStdString() == \"Hello, world\");\r\n"
+"\r\n"
+"testParamInt(47); assert(testSucceeded());\r\n"
+"testParamBool(true); assert(testSucceeded());\r\n"
+"testParamFloat(47.0); assert(testSucceeded());\r\n"
+"testParamConstCharPtr(\"Hello, world\"); assert(testSucceeded());\r\n"
+"testParamStdString(\"Hello, world\"); assert(testSucceeded());\r\n"
+"testParamStdStringRef(\"Hello, world\"); assert(testSucceeded());\r\n"
+"\r\n"
+"-- test static methods of classes registered from C++\r\n"
+"\r\n"
+"A.testStatic(); assert(testAFnCalled(FN_STATIC));\r\n"
+"B.testStatic(); assert(testAFnCalled(FN_STATIC));\r\n"
+"B.testStatic2(); assert(testBFnCalled(FN_STATIC));\r\n"
+"\r\n"
+"-- test static properties of classes registered from C++\r\n"
+"\r\n"
+"assert(A.testStaticProp == 47);\r\n"
+"assert(A.testStaticProp2 == 47);assert(testAFnCalled(FN_STATIC_PROPGET));\r\n"
+"A.testStaticProp = 48; assert(A.testStaticProp == 48);\r\n"
+"A.testStaticProp2 = 49; assert(testAFnCalled(FN_STATIC_PROPSET) and A.testStaticProp2 == 49);\r\n"
+"\r\n"
+"-- test classes registered from C++\r\n"
+"\r\n"
+"object1 = A(\"object1\"); assert(testAFnCalled(FN_CTOR));\r\n"
+"object1:testVirtual(); assert(testAFnCalled(FN_VIRTUAL));\r\n"
+"\r\n"
+"object2 = B(\"object2\"); assert(testAFnCalled(FN_CTOR) and testBFnCalled(FN_CTOR));\r\n"
+"object2:testVirtual(); assert(testBFnCalled(FN_VIRTUAL) and not testAFnCalled(FN_VIRTUAL));\r\n"
+"\r\n"
+"-- test functions taking and returning objects\r\n"
+"\r\n"
+"testParamAPtr(object1); assert(object1:testSucceeded());\r\n"
+"testParamAPtrConst(object1); assert(object1:testSucceeded());\r\n"
+"testParamConstAPtr(object1); assert(object1:testSucceeded());\r\n"
+"testParamSharedPtrA(object1); assert(object1:testSucceeded());\r\n"
+"\r\n"
+"testParamAPtr(object2); assert(object2:testSucceeded());\r\n"
+"testParamAPtrConst(object2); assert(object2:testSucceeded());\r\n"
+"testParamConstAPtr(object2); assert(object2:testSucceeded());\r\n"
+"testParamSharedPtrA(object2); assert(object2:testSucceeded());\r\n"
+"\r\n"
+"result = testRetSharedPtrA(); assert(result:getName() == \"from C\");\r\n"
+"\r\n"
+"-- test constness\r\n"
+"\r\n"
+"constA = testRetSharedPtrConstA(); assert(constA:getName() == \"const A\");\r\n"
+"assert(constA.testVirtual == nil);\r\n"
+"testParamConstAPtr(constA); assert(constA:testSucceeded());\r\n"
+"assert(pcall(testParamAPtr, constA) == false, \"attempt to call nil value\");\r\n"
+"\r\n"
+"-- test properties\r\n"
+"\r\n"
+"assert(object1.testProp == 47);\r\n"
+"assert(object1.testProp2 == 47); assert(testAFnCalled(FN_PROPGET));\r\n"
+"assert(object2.testProp == 47);\r\n"
+"assert(object2.testProp2 == 47); assert(testAFnCalled(FN_PROPGET));\r\n"
+"\r\n"
+"object1.testProp = 48; assert(object1.testProp == 48);\r\n"
+"object1.testProp2 = 49; assert(testAFnCalled(FN_PROPSET) and object1.testProp2 == 49);\r\n"
+"\r\n"
+"-- test operator overload\r\n"
+"object1a = object1 + object1; assert(testAFnCalled(FN_OPERATOR));\r\n"
+"assert(object1a:getName() == \"object1 + object1\");\r\n"
+"\r\n"
+"print(\"All tests succeeded.\");\r\n";
+
+const char* Tests_lua = (const char*) temp_b6c6a671;
+
+
+const char* getNamedResource (const char*, int&) throw();
+const char* getNamedResource (const char* resourceNameUTF8, int& numBytes) throw()
+{
+ unsigned hash = 0;
+ if (resourceNameUTF8 != 0)
+ while (*resourceNameUTF8 != 0)
+ hash = 31 * hash + *resourceNameUTF8++;
+
+ switch (hash)
+ {
+ case 0x322b48ba:
+ case 0xeec98b6c: numBytes = 3877; return Tests_lua;
+ default: break;
+ }
+
+ numBytes = 0;
+ return 0;
+}
+
+}
--- /dev/null
+/* =========================================================================================
+
+ This is an auto-generated file, created by The Introjucer 3.0.0
+ Do not edit anything in this file!
+
+*/
+
+namespace BinaryData
+{
+ extern const char* Tests_lua;
+ const int Tests_luaSize = 3877;
+
+}
--- /dev/null
+/*
+
+ IMPORTANT! This file is auto-generated each time you save your
+ project - if you alter its contents, your changes may be overwritten!
+
+ This is the header file that your files should include in order to get all the
+ JUCE library headers. You should avoid including the JUCE headers directly in
+ your own source files, because that wouldn't pick up the correct configuration
+ options for your app.
+
+*/
+
+#ifndef __APPHEADERFILE_K9UFLC__
+#define __APPHEADERFILE_K9UFLC__
+
+#include "AppConfig.h"
+#include "BinaryData.h"
+
+#if ! DONT_SET_USING_JUCE_NAMESPACE
+ // If your code uses a lot of JUCE classes, then this will obviously save you
+ // a lot of typing, but can be disabled by setting DONT_SET_USING_JUCE_NAMESPACE.
+ using namespace juce;
+#endif
+
+namespace ProjectInfo
+{
+ const char* const projectName = "LuaBridgeTests";
+ const char* const versionString = "1.0.0";
+ const int versionNumber = 0x10000;
+}
+
+#endif // __APPHEADERFILE_K9UFLC__
--- /dev/null
+
+ Important Note!!
+ ================
+
+The purpose of this folder is to contain files that are auto-generated by the Introjucer,
+and ALL files in this folder will be mercilessly DELETED and completely re-written whenever
+the Introjucer saves your project.
+
+Therefore, it's a bad idea to make any manual changes to the files in here, or to
+put any of your own files in here if you don't want to lose them. (Of course you may choose
+to add the folder's contents to your version-control system so that you can re-merge your own
+modifications after the Introjucer has saved its changes).
--- /dev/null
+Lua License
+-----------
+
+Lua is licensed under the terms of the MIT license reproduced below.
+This means that Lua is free software and can be used for both academic
+and commercial purposes at absolutely no cost.
+
+For details and rationale, see http://www.lua.org/license.html .
+
+===============================================================================
+
+Copyright (C) 1994-2012 Lua.org, PUC-Rio.
+
+Permission is hereby granted, free of charge, to any person obtaining a copy
+of this software and associated documentation files (the "Software"), to deal
+in the Software without restriction, including without limitation the rights
+to use, copy, modify, merge, publish, distribute, sublicense, and/or sell
+copies of the Software, and to permit persons to whom the Software is
+furnished to do so, subject to the following conditions:
+
+The above copyright notice and this permission notice shall be included in
+all copies or substantial portions of the Software.
+
+THE SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED "AS IS", WITHOUT WARRANTY OF ANY KIND, EXPRESS OR
+IMPLIED, INCLUDING BUT NOT LIMITED TO THE WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY,
+FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE AND NONINFRINGEMENT. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE
+AUTHORS OR COPYRIGHT HOLDERS BE LIABLE FOR ANY CLAIM, DAMAGES OR OTHER
+LIABILITY, WHETHER IN AN ACTION OF CONTRACT, TORT OR OTHERWISE, ARISING FROM,
+OUT OF OR IN CONNECTION WITH THE SOFTWARE OR THE USE OR OTHER DEALINGS IN
+THE SOFTWARE.
+
+===============================================================================
+
+(end of COPYRIGHT)
--- /dev/null
+HISTORY for Lua 5.1
+
+* Changes from version 5.0 to 5.1
+ -------------------------------
+ Language:
+ + new module system.
+ + new semantics for control variables of fors.
+ + new semantics for setn/getn.
+ + new syntax/semantics for varargs.
+ + new long strings and comments.
+ + new `mod' operator (`%')
+ + new length operator #t
+ + metatables for all types
+ API:
+ + new functions: lua_createtable, lua_get(set)field, lua_push(to)integer.
+ + user supplies memory allocator (lua_open becomes lua_newstate).
+ + luaopen_* functions must be called through Lua.
+ Implementation:
+ + new configuration scheme via luaconf.h.
+ + incremental garbage collection.
+ + better handling of end-of-line in the lexer.
+ + fully reentrant parser (new Lua function `load')
+ + better support for 64-bit machines.
+ + native loadlib support for Mac OS X.
+ + standard distribution in only one library (lualib.a merged into lua.a)
+
+* Changes from version 4.0 to 5.0
+ -------------------------------
+ Language:
+ + lexical scoping.
+ + Lua coroutines.
+ + standard libraries now packaged in tables.
+ + tags replaced by metatables and tag methods replaced by metamethods,
+ stored in metatables.
+ + proper tail calls.
+ + each function can have its own global table, which can be shared.
+ + new __newindex metamethod, called when we insert a new key into a table.
+ + new block comments: --[[ ... ]].
+ + new generic for.
+ + new weak tables.
+ + new boolean type.
+ + new syntax "local function".
+ + (f()) returns the first value returned by f.
+ + {f()} fills a table with all values returned by f.
+ + \n ignored in [[\n .
+ + fixed and-or priorities.
+ + more general syntax for function definition (e.g. function a.x.y:f()...end).
+ + more general syntax for function calls (e.g. (print or write)(9)).
+ + new functions (time/date, tmpfile, unpack, require, load*, etc.).
+ API:
+ + chunks are loaded by using lua_load; new luaL_loadfile and luaL_loadbuffer.
+ + introduced lightweight userdata, a simple "void*" without a metatable.
+ + new error handling protocol: the core no longer prints error messages;
+ all errors are reported to the caller on the stack.
+ + new lua_atpanic for host cleanup.
+ + new, signal-safe, hook scheme.
+ Implementation:
+ + new license: MIT.
+ + new, faster, register-based virtual machine.
+ + support for external multithreading and coroutines.
+ + new and consistent error message format.
+ + the core no longer needs "stdio.h" for anything (except for a single
+ use of sprintf to convert numbers to strings).
+ + lua.c now runs the environment variable LUA_INIT, if present. It can
+ be "@filename", to run a file, or the chunk itself.
+ + support for user extensions in lua.c.
+ sample implementation given for command line editing.
+ + new dynamic loading library, active by default on several platforms.
+ + safe garbage-collector metamethods.
+ + precompiled bytecodes checked for integrity (secure binary dostring).
+ + strings are fully aligned.
+ + position capture in string.find.
+ + read('*l') can read lines with embedded zeros.
+
+* Changes from version 3.2 to 4.0
+ -------------------------------
+ Language:
+ + new "break" and "for" statements (both numerical and for tables).
+ + uniform treatment of globals: globals are now stored in a Lua table.
+ + improved error messages.
+ + no more '$debug': full speed *and* full debug information.
+ + new read form: read(N) for next N bytes.
+ + general read patterns now deprecated.
+ (still available with -DCOMPAT_READPATTERNS.)
+ + all return values are passed as arguments for the last function
+ (old semantics still available with -DLUA_COMPAT_ARGRET)
+ + garbage collection tag methods for tables now deprecated.
+ + there is now only one tag method for order.
+ API:
+ + New API: fully re-entrant, simpler, and more efficient.
+ + New debug API.
+ Implementation:
+ + faster than ever: cleaner virtual machine and new hashing algorithm.
+ + non-recursive garbage-collector algorithm.
+ + reduced memory usage for programs with many strings.
+ + improved treatment for memory allocation errors.
+ + improved support for 16-bit machines (we hope).
+ + code now compiles unmodified as both ANSI C and C++.
+ + numbers in bases other than 10 are converted using strtoul.
+ + new -f option in Lua to support #! scripts.
+ + luac can now combine text and binaries.
+
+* Changes from version 3.1 to 3.2
+ -------------------------------
+ + redirected all output in Lua's core to _ERRORMESSAGE and _ALERT.
+ + increased limit on the number of constants and globals per function
+ (from 2^16 to 2^24).
+ + debugging info (lua_debug and hooks) moved into lua_state and new API
+ functions provided to get and set this info.
+ + new debug lib gives full debugging access within Lua.
+ + new table functions "foreachi", "sort", "tinsert", "tremove", "getn".
+ + new io functions "flush", "seek".
+
+* Changes from version 3.0 to 3.1
+ -------------------------------
+ + NEW FEATURE: anonymous functions with closures (via "upvalues").
+ + new syntax:
+ - local variables in chunks.
+ - better scope control with DO block END.
+ - constructors can now be also written: { record-part; list-part }.
+ - more general syntax for function calls and lvalues, e.g.:
+ f(x).y=1
+ o:f(x,y):g(z)
+ f"string" is sugar for f("string")
+ + strings may now contain arbitrary binary data (e.g., embedded zeros).
+ + major code re-organization and clean-up; reduced module interdependecies.
+ + no arbitrary limits on the total number of constants and globals.
+ + support for multiple global contexts.
+ + better syntax error messages.
+ + new traversal functions "foreach" and "foreachvar".
+ + the default for numbers is now double.
+ changing it to use floats or longs is easy.
+ + complete debug information stored in pre-compiled chunks.
+ + sample interpreter now prompts user when run interactively, and also
+ handles control-C interruptions gracefully.
+
+* Changes from version 2.5 to 3.0
+ -------------------------------
+ + NEW CONCEPT: "tag methods".
+ Tag methods replace fallbacks as the meta-mechanism for extending the
+ semantics of Lua. Whereas fallbacks had a global nature, tag methods
+ work on objects having the same tag (e.g., groups of tables).
+ Existing code that uses fallbacks should work without change.
+ + new, general syntax for constructors {[exp] = exp, ... }.
+ + support for handling variable number of arguments in functions (varargs).
+ + support for conditional compilation ($if ... $else ... $end).
+ + cleaner semantics in API simplifies host code.
+ + better support for writing libraries (auxlib.h).
+ + better type checking and error messages in the standard library.
+ + luac can now also undump.
+
+* Changes from version 2.4 to 2.5
+ -------------------------------
+ + io and string libraries are now based on pattern matching;
+ the old libraries are still available for compatibility
+ + dofile and dostring can now return values (via return statement)
+ + better support for 16- and 64-bit machines
+ + expanded documentation, with more examples
+
+* Changes from version 2.2 to 2.4
+ -------------------------------
+ + external compiler creates portable binary files that can be loaded faster
+ + interface for debugging and profiling
+ + new "getglobal" fallback
+ + new functions for handling references to Lua objects
+ + new functions in standard lib
+ + only one copy of each string is stored
+ + expanded documentation, with more examples
+
+* Changes from version 2.1 to 2.2
+ -------------------------------
+ + functions now may be declared with any "lvalue" as a name
+ + garbage collection of functions
+ + support for pipes
+
+* Changes from version 1.1 to 2.1
+ -------------------------------
+ + object-oriented support
+ + fallbacks
+ + simplified syntax for tables
+ + many internal improvements
+
+(end of HISTORY)
--- /dev/null
+INSTALL for Lua 5.1
+
+* Building Lua
+ ------------
+ Lua is built in the src directory, but the build process can be
+ controlled from the top-level Makefile.
+
+ Building Lua on Unix systems should be very easy. First do "make" and
+ see if your platform is listed. If so, just do "make xxx", where xxx
+ is your platform name. The platforms currently supported are:
+ aix ansi bsd freebsd generic linux macosx mingw posix solaris
+
+ If your platform is not listed, try the closest one or posix, generic,
+ ansi, in this order.
+
+ See below for customization instructions and for instructions on how
+ to build with other Windows compilers.
+
+ If you want to check that Lua has been built correctly, do "make test"
+ after building Lua. Also, have a look at the example programs in test.
+
+* Installing Lua
+ --------------
+ Once you have built Lua, you may want to install it in an official
+ place in your system. In this case, do "make install". The official
+ place and the way to install files are defined in Makefile. You must
+ have the right permissions to install files.
+
+ If you want to build and install Lua in one step, do "make xxx install",
+ where xxx is your platform name.
+
+ If you want to install Lua locally, then do "make local". This will
+ create directories bin, include, lib, man, and install Lua there as
+ follows:
+
+ bin: lua luac
+ include: lua.h luaconf.h lualib.h lauxlib.h lua.hpp
+ lib: liblua.a
+ man/man1: lua.1 luac.1
+
+ These are the only directories you need for development.
+
+ There are man pages for lua and luac, in both nroff and html, and a
+ reference manual in html in doc, some sample code in test, and some
+ useful stuff in etc. You don't need these directories for development.
+
+ If you want to install Lua locally, but in some other directory, do
+ "make install INSTALL_TOP=xxx", where xxx is your chosen directory.
+
+ See below for instructions for Windows and other systems.
+
+* Customization
+ -------------
+ Three things can be customized by editing a file:
+ - Where and how to install Lua -- edit Makefile.
+ - How to build Lua -- edit src/Makefile.
+ - Lua features -- edit src/luaconf.h.
+
+ You don't actually need to edit the Makefiles because you may set the
+ relevant variables when invoking make.
+
+ On the other hand, if you need to select some Lua features, you'll need
+ to edit src/luaconf.h. The edited file will be the one installed, and
+ it will be used by any Lua clients that you build, to ensure consistency.
+
+ We strongly recommend that you enable dynamic loading. This is done
+ automatically for all platforms listed above that have this feature
+ (and also Windows). See src/luaconf.h and also src/Makefile.
+
+* Building Lua on Windows and other systems
+ -----------------------------------------
+ If you're not using the usual Unix tools, then the instructions for
+ building Lua depend on the compiler you use. You'll need to create
+ projects (or whatever your compiler uses) for building the library,
+ the interpreter, and the compiler, as follows:
+
+ library: lapi.c lcode.c ldebug.c ldo.c ldump.c lfunc.c lgc.c llex.c
+ lmem.c lobject.c lopcodes.c lparser.c lstate.c lstring.c
+ ltable.c ltm.c lundump.c lvm.c lzio.c
+ lauxlib.c lbaselib.c ldblib.c liolib.c lmathlib.c loslib.c
+ ltablib.c lstrlib.c loadlib.c linit.c
+
+ interpreter: library, lua.c
+
+ compiler: library, luac.c print.c
+
+ If you use Visual Studio .NET, you can use etc/luavs.bat in its
+ "Command Prompt".
+
+ If all you want is to build the Lua interpreter, you may put all .c files
+ in a single project, except for luac.c and print.c. Or just use etc/all.c.
+
+ To use Lua as a library in your own programs, you'll need to know how to
+ create and use libraries with your compiler.
+
+ As mentioned above, you may edit luaconf.h to select some features before
+ building Lua.
+
+(end of INSTALL)
--- /dev/null
+README for Lua 5.1
+
+See INSTALL for installation instructions.
+See HISTORY for a summary of changes since the last released version.
+
+* What is Lua?
+ ------------
+ Lua is a powerful, light-weight programming language designed for extending
+ applications. Lua is also frequently used as a general-purpose, stand-alone
+ language. Lua is free software.
+
+ For complete information, visit Lua's web site at http://www.lua.org/ .
+ For an executive summary, see http://www.lua.org/about.html .
+
+ Lua has been used in many different projects around the world.
+ For a short list, see http://www.lua.org/uses.html .
+
+* Availability
+ ------------
+ Lua is freely available for both academic and commercial purposes.
+ See COPYRIGHT and http://www.lua.org/license.html for details.
+ Lua can be downloaded at http://www.lua.org/download.html .
+
+* Installation
+ ------------
+ Lua is implemented in pure ANSI C, and compiles unmodified in all known
+ platforms that have an ANSI C compiler. In most Unix-like platforms, simply
+ do "make" with a suitable target. See INSTALL for detailed instructions.
+
+* Origin
+ ------
+ Lua is developed at Lua.org, a laboratory of the Department of Computer
+ Science of PUC-Rio (the Pontifical Catholic University of Rio de Janeiro
+ in Brazil).
+ For more information about the authors, see http://www.lua.org/authors.html .
+
+(end of README)
--- /dev/null
+<!DOCTYPE HTML PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD HTML 4.01 Transitional//EN">
+<HTML>
+<HEAD>
+<TITLE>Lua 5.1 Reference Manual - contents</TITLE>
+<LINK REL="stylesheet" TYPE="text/css" HREF="lua.css">
+<META HTTP-EQUIV="content-type" CONTENT="text/html; charset=utf-8">
+<STYLE TYPE="text/css">
+ul {
+ list-style-type: none ;
+}
+</STYLE>
+</HEAD>
+
+<BODY>
+
+<HR>
+<H1>
+<A HREF="http://www.lua.org/"><IMG SRC="logo.gif" ALT="" BORDER=0></A>
+Lua 5.1 Reference Manual
+</H1>
+
+<P>
+The reference manual is the official definition of the Lua language.
+For a complete introduction to Lua programming, see the book
+<A HREF="http://www.lua.org/docs.html#pil">Programming in Lua</A>.
+
+<P>
+This manual is also available as a book:
+<BLOCKQUOTE>
+<A HREF="http://www.amazon.com/exec/obidos/ASIN/8590379833/lua-indexmanual-20">
+<IMG SRC="cover.png" ALT="" TITLE="buy from Amazon" BORDER=1 ALIGN="left" HSPACE=12>
+</A>
+<B>Lua 5.1 Reference Manual</B>
+<BR>by R. Ierusalimschy, L. H. de Figueiredo, W. Celes
+<BR>Lua.org, August 2006
+<BR>ISBN 85-903798-3-3
+<BR CLEAR="all">
+</BLOCKQUOTE>
+
+<P>
+<A HREF="http://www.amazon.com/exec/obidos/ASIN/8590379833/lua-indexmanual-20">Buy a copy</A>
+of this book and
+<A HREF="http://www.lua.org/donations.html">help to support</A>
+the Lua project.
+
+<P>
+<A HREF="manual.html">start</A>
+·
+<A HREF="#contents">contents</A>
+·
+<A HREF="#index">index</A>
+·
+<A HREF="http://www.lua.org/manual/">other versions</A>
+<HR>
+<SMALL>
+Copyright © 2006–2012 Lua.org, PUC-Rio.
+Freely available under the terms of the
+<A HREF="http://www.lua.org/license.html">Lua license</A>.
+</SMALL>
+
+<H2><A NAME="contents">Contents</A></H2>
+<UL style="padding: 0">
+<LI><A HREF="manual.html">1 – Introduction</A>
+<P>
+<LI><A HREF="manual.html#2">2 – The Language</A>
+<UL>
+<LI><A HREF="manual.html#2.1">2.1 – Lexical Conventions</A>
+<LI><A HREF="manual.html#2.2">2.2 – Values and Types</A>
+<UL>
+<LI><A HREF="manual.html#2.2.1">2.2.1 – Coercion</A>
+</UL>
+<LI><A HREF="manual.html#2.3">2.3 – Variables</A>
+<LI><A HREF="manual.html#2.4">2.4 – Statements</A>
+<UL>
+<LI><A HREF="manual.html#2.4.1">2.4.1 – Chunks</A>
+<LI><A HREF="manual.html#2.4.2">2.4.2 – Blocks</A>
+<LI><A HREF="manual.html#2.4.3">2.4.3 – Assignment</A>
+<LI><A HREF="manual.html#2.4.4">2.4.4 – Control Structures</A>
+<LI><A HREF="manual.html#2.4.5">2.4.5 – For Statement</A>
+<LI><A HREF="manual.html#2.4.6">2.4.6 – Function Calls as Statements</A>
+<LI><A HREF="manual.html#2.4.7">2.4.7 – Local Declarations</A>
+</UL>
+<LI><A HREF="manual.html#2.5">2.5 – Expressions</A>
+<UL>
+<LI><A HREF="manual.html#2.5.1">2.5.1 – Arithmetic Operators</A>
+<LI><A HREF="manual.html#2.5.2">2.5.2 – Relational Operators</A>
+<LI><A HREF="manual.html#2.5.3">2.5.3 – Logical Operators</A>
+<LI><A HREF="manual.html#2.5.4">2.5.4 – Concatenation</A>
+<LI><A HREF="manual.html#2.5.5">2.5.5 – The Length Operator</A>
+<LI><A HREF="manual.html#2.5.6">2.5.6 – Precedence</A>
+<LI><A HREF="manual.html#2.5.7">2.5.7 – Table Constructors</A>
+<LI><A HREF="manual.html#2.5.8">2.5.8 – Function Calls</A>
+<LI><A HREF="manual.html#2.5.9">2.5.9 – Function Definitions</A>
+</UL>
+<LI><A HREF="manual.html#2.6">2.6 – Visibility Rules</A>
+<LI><A HREF="manual.html#2.7">2.7 – Error Handling</A>
+<LI><A HREF="manual.html#2.8">2.8 – Metatables</A>
+<LI><A HREF="manual.html#2.9">2.9 – Environments</A>
+<LI><A HREF="manual.html#2.10">2.10 – Garbage Collection</A>
+<UL>
+<LI><A HREF="manual.html#2.10.1">2.10.1 – Garbage-Collection Metamethods</A>
+<LI><A HREF="manual.html#2.10.2">2.10.2 – Weak Tables</A>
+</UL>
+<LI><A HREF="manual.html#2.11">2.11 – Coroutines</A>
+</UL>
+<P>
+<LI><A HREF="manual.html#3">3 – The Application Program Interface</A>
+<UL>
+<LI><A HREF="manual.html#3.1">3.1 – The Stack</A>
+<LI><A HREF="manual.html#3.2">3.2 – Stack Size</A>
+<LI><A HREF="manual.html#3.3">3.3 – Pseudo-Indices</A>
+<LI><A HREF="manual.html#3.4">3.4 – C Closures</A>
+<LI><A HREF="manual.html#3.5">3.5 – Registry</A>
+<LI><A HREF="manual.html#3.6">3.6 – Error Handling in C</A>
+<LI><A HREF="manual.html#3.7">3.7 – Functions and Types</A>
+<LI><A HREF="manual.html#3.8">3.8 – The Debug Interface</A>
+</UL>
+<P>
+<LI><A HREF="manual.html#4">4 – The Auxiliary Library</A>
+<UL>
+<LI><A HREF="manual.html#4.1">4.1 – Functions and Types</A>
+</UL>
+<P>
+<LI><A HREF="manual.html#5">5 – Standard Libraries</A>
+<UL>
+<LI><A HREF="manual.html#5.1">5.1 – Basic Functions</A>
+<LI><A HREF="manual.html#5.2">5.2 – Coroutine Manipulation</A>
+<LI><A HREF="manual.html#5.3">5.3 – Modules</A>
+<LI><A HREF="manual.html#5.4">5.4 – String Manipulation</A>
+<UL>
+<LI><A HREF="manual.html#5.4.1">5.4.1 – Patterns</A>
+</UL>
+<LI><A HREF="manual.html#5.5">5.5 – Table Manipulation</A>
+<LI><A HREF="manual.html#5.6">5.6 – Mathematical Functions</A>
+<LI><A HREF="manual.html#5.7">5.7 – Input and Output Facilities</A>
+<LI><A HREF="manual.html#5.8">5.8 – Operating System Facilities</A>
+<LI><A HREF="manual.html#5.9">5.9 – The Debug Library</A>
+</UL>
+<P>
+<LI><A HREF="manual.html#6">6 – Lua Stand-alone</A>
+<P>
+<LI><A HREF="manual.html#7">7 – Incompatibilities with the Previous Version</A>
+<UL>
+<LI><A HREF="manual.html#7.1">7.1 – Changes in the Language</A>
+<LI><A HREF="manual.html#7.2">7.2 – Changes in the Libraries</A>
+<LI><A HREF="manual.html#7.3">7.3 – Changes in the API</A>
+</UL>
+<P>
+<LI><A HREF="manual.html#8">8 – The Complete Syntax of Lua</A>
+</UL>
+
+<H2><A NAME="index">Index</A></H2>
+<TABLE WIDTH="100%">
+<TR VALIGN="top">
+<TD>
+<H3><A NAME="functions">Lua functions</A></H3>
+<A HREF="manual.html#pdf-_G">_G</A><BR>
+<A HREF="manual.html#pdf-_VERSION">_VERSION</A><BR>
+<P>
+
+<A HREF="manual.html#pdf-assert">assert</A><BR>
+<A HREF="manual.html#pdf-collectgarbage">collectgarbage</A><BR>
+<A HREF="manual.html#pdf-dofile">dofile</A><BR>
+<A HREF="manual.html#pdf-error">error</A><BR>
+<A HREF="manual.html#pdf-getfenv">getfenv</A><BR>
+<A HREF="manual.html#pdf-getmetatable">getmetatable</A><BR>
+<A HREF="manual.html#pdf-ipairs">ipairs</A><BR>
+<A HREF="manual.html#pdf-load">load</A><BR>
+<A HREF="manual.html#pdf-loadfile">loadfile</A><BR>
+<A HREF="manual.html#pdf-loadstring">loadstring</A><BR>
+<A HREF="manual.html#pdf-module">module</A><BR>
+<A HREF="manual.html#pdf-next">next</A><BR>
+<A HREF="manual.html#pdf-pairs">pairs</A><BR>
+<A HREF="manual.html#pdf-pcall">pcall</A><BR>
+<A HREF="manual.html#pdf-print">print</A><BR>
+<A HREF="manual.html#pdf-rawequal">rawequal</A><BR>
+<A HREF="manual.html#pdf-rawget">rawget</A><BR>
+<A HREF="manual.html#pdf-rawset">rawset</A><BR>
+<A HREF="manual.html#pdf-require">require</A><BR>
+<A HREF="manual.html#pdf-select">select</A><BR>
+<A HREF="manual.html#pdf-setfenv">setfenv</A><BR>
+<A HREF="manual.html#pdf-setmetatable">setmetatable</A><BR>
+<A HREF="manual.html#pdf-tonumber">tonumber</A><BR>
+<A HREF="manual.html#pdf-tostring">tostring</A><BR>
+<A HREF="manual.html#pdf-type">type</A><BR>
+<A HREF="manual.html#pdf-unpack">unpack</A><BR>
+<A HREF="manual.html#pdf-xpcall">xpcall</A><BR>
+<P>
+
+<A HREF="manual.html#pdf-coroutine.create">coroutine.create</A><BR>
+<A HREF="manual.html#pdf-coroutine.resume">coroutine.resume</A><BR>
+<A HREF="manual.html#pdf-coroutine.running">coroutine.running</A><BR>
+<A HREF="manual.html#pdf-coroutine.status">coroutine.status</A><BR>
+<A HREF="manual.html#pdf-coroutine.wrap">coroutine.wrap</A><BR>
+<A HREF="manual.html#pdf-coroutine.yield">coroutine.yield</A><BR>
+<P>
+
+<A HREF="manual.html#pdf-debug.debug">debug.debug</A><BR>
+<A HREF="manual.html#pdf-debug.getfenv">debug.getfenv</A><BR>
+<A HREF="manual.html#pdf-debug.gethook">debug.gethook</A><BR>
+<A HREF="manual.html#pdf-debug.getinfo">debug.getinfo</A><BR>
+<A HREF="manual.html#pdf-debug.getlocal">debug.getlocal</A><BR>
+<A HREF="manual.html#pdf-debug.getmetatable">debug.getmetatable</A><BR>
+<A HREF="manual.html#pdf-debug.getregistry">debug.getregistry</A><BR>
+<A HREF="manual.html#pdf-debug.getupvalue">debug.getupvalue</A><BR>
+<A HREF="manual.html#pdf-debug.setfenv">debug.setfenv</A><BR>
+<A HREF="manual.html#pdf-debug.sethook">debug.sethook</A><BR>
+<A HREF="manual.html#pdf-debug.setlocal">debug.setlocal</A><BR>
+<A HREF="manual.html#pdf-debug.setmetatable">debug.setmetatable</A><BR>
+<A HREF="manual.html#pdf-debug.setupvalue">debug.setupvalue</A><BR>
+<A HREF="manual.html#pdf-debug.traceback">debug.traceback</A><BR>
+
+</TD>
+<TD>
+<H3> </H3>
+<A HREF="manual.html#pdf-file:close">file:close</A><BR>
+<A HREF="manual.html#pdf-file:flush">file:flush</A><BR>
+<A HREF="manual.html#pdf-file:lines">file:lines</A><BR>
+<A HREF="manual.html#pdf-file:read">file:read</A><BR>
+<A HREF="manual.html#pdf-file:seek">file:seek</A><BR>
+<A HREF="manual.html#pdf-file:setvbuf">file:setvbuf</A><BR>
+<A HREF="manual.html#pdf-file:write">file:write</A><BR>
+<P>
+
+<A HREF="manual.html#pdf-io.close">io.close</A><BR>
+<A HREF="manual.html#pdf-io.flush">io.flush</A><BR>
+<A HREF="manual.html#pdf-io.input">io.input</A><BR>
+<A HREF="manual.html#pdf-io.lines">io.lines</A><BR>
+<A HREF="manual.html#pdf-io.open">io.open</A><BR>
+<A HREF="manual.html#pdf-io.output">io.output</A><BR>
+<A HREF="manual.html#pdf-io.popen">io.popen</A><BR>
+<A HREF="manual.html#pdf-io.read">io.read</A><BR>
+<A HREF="manual.html#pdf-io.stderr">io.stderr</A><BR>
+<A HREF="manual.html#pdf-io.stdin">io.stdin</A><BR>
+<A HREF="manual.html#pdf-io.stdout">io.stdout</A><BR>
+<A HREF="manual.html#pdf-io.tmpfile">io.tmpfile</A><BR>
+<A HREF="manual.html#pdf-io.type">io.type</A><BR>
+<A HREF="manual.html#pdf-io.write">io.write</A><BR>
+<P>
+
+<A HREF="manual.html#pdf-math.abs">math.abs</A><BR>
+<A HREF="manual.html#pdf-math.acos">math.acos</A><BR>
+<A HREF="manual.html#pdf-math.asin">math.asin</A><BR>
+<A HREF="manual.html#pdf-math.atan">math.atan</A><BR>
+<A HREF="manual.html#pdf-math.atan2">math.atan2</A><BR>
+<A HREF="manual.html#pdf-math.ceil">math.ceil</A><BR>
+<A HREF="manual.html#pdf-math.cos">math.cos</A><BR>
+<A HREF="manual.html#pdf-math.cosh">math.cosh</A><BR>
+<A HREF="manual.html#pdf-math.deg">math.deg</A><BR>
+<A HREF="manual.html#pdf-math.exp">math.exp</A><BR>
+<A HREF="manual.html#pdf-math.floor">math.floor</A><BR>
+<A HREF="manual.html#pdf-math.fmod">math.fmod</A><BR>
+<A HREF="manual.html#pdf-math.frexp">math.frexp</A><BR>
+<A HREF="manual.html#pdf-math.huge">math.huge</A><BR>
+<A HREF="manual.html#pdf-math.ldexp">math.ldexp</A><BR>
+<A HREF="manual.html#pdf-math.log">math.log</A><BR>
+<A HREF="manual.html#pdf-math.log10">math.log10</A><BR>
+<A HREF="manual.html#pdf-math.max">math.max</A><BR>
+<A HREF="manual.html#pdf-math.min">math.min</A><BR>
+<A HREF="manual.html#pdf-math.modf">math.modf</A><BR>
+<A HREF="manual.html#pdf-math.pi">math.pi</A><BR>
+<A HREF="manual.html#pdf-math.pow">math.pow</A><BR>
+<A HREF="manual.html#pdf-math.rad">math.rad</A><BR>
+<A HREF="manual.html#pdf-math.random">math.random</A><BR>
+<A HREF="manual.html#pdf-math.randomseed">math.randomseed</A><BR>
+<A HREF="manual.html#pdf-math.sin">math.sin</A><BR>
+<A HREF="manual.html#pdf-math.sinh">math.sinh</A><BR>
+<A HREF="manual.html#pdf-math.sqrt">math.sqrt</A><BR>
+<A HREF="manual.html#pdf-math.tan">math.tan</A><BR>
+<A HREF="manual.html#pdf-math.tanh">math.tanh</A><BR>
+<P>
+
+<A HREF="manual.html#pdf-os.clock">os.clock</A><BR>
+<A HREF="manual.html#pdf-os.date">os.date</A><BR>
+<A HREF="manual.html#pdf-os.difftime">os.difftime</A><BR>
+<A HREF="manual.html#pdf-os.execute">os.execute</A><BR>
+<A HREF="manual.html#pdf-os.exit">os.exit</A><BR>
+<A HREF="manual.html#pdf-os.getenv">os.getenv</A><BR>
+<A HREF="manual.html#pdf-os.remove">os.remove</A><BR>
+<A HREF="manual.html#pdf-os.rename">os.rename</A><BR>
+<A HREF="manual.html#pdf-os.setlocale">os.setlocale</A><BR>
+<A HREF="manual.html#pdf-os.time">os.time</A><BR>
+<A HREF="manual.html#pdf-os.tmpname">os.tmpname</A><BR>
+<P>
+
+<A HREF="manual.html#pdf-package.cpath">package.cpath</A><BR>
+<A HREF="manual.html#pdf-package.loaded">package.loaded</A><BR>
+<A HREF="manual.html#pdf-package.loaders">package.loaders</A><BR>
+<A HREF="manual.html#pdf-package.loadlib">package.loadlib</A><BR>
+<A HREF="manual.html#pdf-package.path">package.path</A><BR>
+<A HREF="manual.html#pdf-package.preload">package.preload</A><BR>
+<A HREF="manual.html#pdf-package.seeall">package.seeall</A><BR>
+<P>
+
+<A HREF="manual.html#pdf-string.byte">string.byte</A><BR>
+<A HREF="manual.html#pdf-string.char">string.char</A><BR>
+<A HREF="manual.html#pdf-string.dump">string.dump</A><BR>
+<A HREF="manual.html#pdf-string.find">string.find</A><BR>
+<A HREF="manual.html#pdf-string.format">string.format</A><BR>
+<A HREF="manual.html#pdf-string.gmatch">string.gmatch</A><BR>
+<A HREF="manual.html#pdf-string.gsub">string.gsub</A><BR>
+<A HREF="manual.html#pdf-string.len">string.len</A><BR>
+<A HREF="manual.html#pdf-string.lower">string.lower</A><BR>
+<A HREF="manual.html#pdf-string.match">string.match</A><BR>
+<A HREF="manual.html#pdf-string.rep">string.rep</A><BR>
+<A HREF="manual.html#pdf-string.reverse">string.reverse</A><BR>
+<A HREF="manual.html#pdf-string.sub">string.sub</A><BR>
+<A HREF="manual.html#pdf-string.upper">string.upper</A><BR>
+<P>
+
+<A HREF="manual.html#pdf-table.concat">table.concat</A><BR>
+<A HREF="manual.html#pdf-table.insert">table.insert</A><BR>
+<A HREF="manual.html#pdf-table.maxn">table.maxn</A><BR>
+<A HREF="manual.html#pdf-table.remove">table.remove</A><BR>
+<A HREF="manual.html#pdf-table.sort">table.sort</A><BR>
+
+</TD>
+<TD>
+<H3>C API</H3>
+<A HREF="manual.html#lua_Alloc">lua_Alloc</A><BR>
+<A HREF="manual.html#lua_CFunction">lua_CFunction</A><BR>
+<A HREF="manual.html#lua_Debug">lua_Debug</A><BR>
+<A HREF="manual.html#lua_Hook">lua_Hook</A><BR>
+<A HREF="manual.html#lua_Integer">lua_Integer</A><BR>
+<A HREF="manual.html#lua_Number">lua_Number</A><BR>
+<A HREF="manual.html#lua_Reader">lua_Reader</A><BR>
+<A HREF="manual.html#lua_State">lua_State</A><BR>
+<A HREF="manual.html#lua_Writer">lua_Writer</A><BR>
+<P>
+
+<A HREF="manual.html#lua_atpanic">lua_atpanic</A><BR>
+<A HREF="manual.html#lua_call">lua_call</A><BR>
+<A HREF="manual.html#lua_checkstack">lua_checkstack</A><BR>
+<A HREF="manual.html#lua_close">lua_close</A><BR>
+<A HREF="manual.html#lua_concat">lua_concat</A><BR>
+<A HREF="manual.html#lua_cpcall">lua_cpcall</A><BR>
+<A HREF="manual.html#lua_createtable">lua_createtable</A><BR>
+<A HREF="manual.html#lua_dump">lua_dump</A><BR>
+<A HREF="manual.html#lua_equal">lua_equal</A><BR>
+<A HREF="manual.html#lua_error">lua_error</A><BR>
+<A HREF="manual.html#lua_gc">lua_gc</A><BR>
+<A HREF="manual.html#lua_getallocf">lua_getallocf</A><BR>
+<A HREF="manual.html#lua_getfenv">lua_getfenv</A><BR>
+<A HREF="manual.html#lua_getfield">lua_getfield</A><BR>
+<A HREF="manual.html#lua_getglobal">lua_getglobal</A><BR>
+<A HREF="manual.html#lua_gethook">lua_gethook</A><BR>
+<A HREF="manual.html#lua_gethookcount">lua_gethookcount</A><BR>
+<A HREF="manual.html#lua_gethookmask">lua_gethookmask</A><BR>
+<A HREF="manual.html#lua_getinfo">lua_getinfo</A><BR>
+<A HREF="manual.html#lua_getlocal">lua_getlocal</A><BR>
+<A HREF="manual.html#lua_getmetatable">lua_getmetatable</A><BR>
+<A HREF="manual.html#lua_getstack">lua_getstack</A><BR>
+<A HREF="manual.html#lua_gettable">lua_gettable</A><BR>
+<A HREF="manual.html#lua_gettop">lua_gettop</A><BR>
+<A HREF="manual.html#lua_getupvalue">lua_getupvalue</A><BR>
+<A HREF="manual.html#lua_insert">lua_insert</A><BR>
+<A HREF="manual.html#lua_isboolean">lua_isboolean</A><BR>
+<A HREF="manual.html#lua_iscfunction">lua_iscfunction</A><BR>
+<A HREF="manual.html#lua_isfunction">lua_isfunction</A><BR>
+<A HREF="manual.html#lua_islightuserdata">lua_islightuserdata</A><BR>
+<A HREF="manual.html#lua_isnil">lua_isnil</A><BR>
+<A HREF="manual.html#lua_isnone">lua_isnone</A><BR>
+<A HREF="manual.html#lua_isnoneornil">lua_isnoneornil</A><BR>
+<A HREF="manual.html#lua_isnumber">lua_isnumber</A><BR>
+<A HREF="manual.html#lua_isstring">lua_isstring</A><BR>
+<A HREF="manual.html#lua_istable">lua_istable</A><BR>
+<A HREF="manual.html#lua_isthread">lua_isthread</A><BR>
+<A HREF="manual.html#lua_isuserdata">lua_isuserdata</A><BR>
+<A HREF="manual.html#lua_lessthan">lua_lessthan</A><BR>
+<A HREF="manual.html#lua_load">lua_load</A><BR>
+<A HREF="manual.html#lua_newstate">lua_newstate</A><BR>
+<A HREF="manual.html#lua_newtable">lua_newtable</A><BR>
+<A HREF="manual.html#lua_newthread">lua_newthread</A><BR>
+<A HREF="manual.html#lua_newuserdata">lua_newuserdata</A><BR>
+<A HREF="manual.html#lua_next">lua_next</A><BR>
+<A HREF="manual.html#lua_objlen">lua_objlen</A><BR>
+<A HREF="manual.html#lua_pcall">lua_pcall</A><BR>
+<A HREF="manual.html#lua_pop">lua_pop</A><BR>
+<A HREF="manual.html#lua_pushboolean">lua_pushboolean</A><BR>
+<A HREF="manual.html#lua_pushcclosure">lua_pushcclosure</A><BR>
+<A HREF="manual.html#lua_pushcfunction">lua_pushcfunction</A><BR>
+<A HREF="manual.html#lua_pushfstring">lua_pushfstring</A><BR>
+<A HREF="manual.html#lua_pushinteger">lua_pushinteger</A><BR>
+<A HREF="manual.html#lua_pushlightuserdata">lua_pushlightuserdata</A><BR>
+<A HREF="manual.html#lua_pushliteral">lua_pushliteral</A><BR>
+<A HREF="manual.html#lua_pushlstring">lua_pushlstring</A><BR>
+<A HREF="manual.html#lua_pushnil">lua_pushnil</A><BR>
+<A HREF="manual.html#lua_pushnumber">lua_pushnumber</A><BR>
+<A HREF="manual.html#lua_pushstring">lua_pushstring</A><BR>
+<A HREF="manual.html#lua_pushthread">lua_pushthread</A><BR>
+<A HREF="manual.html#lua_pushvalue">lua_pushvalue</A><BR>
+<A HREF="manual.html#lua_pushvfstring">lua_pushvfstring</A><BR>
+<A HREF="manual.html#lua_rawequal">lua_rawequal</A><BR>
+<A HREF="manual.html#lua_rawget">lua_rawget</A><BR>
+<A HREF="manual.html#lua_rawgeti">lua_rawgeti</A><BR>
+<A HREF="manual.html#lua_rawset">lua_rawset</A><BR>
+<A HREF="manual.html#lua_rawseti">lua_rawseti</A><BR>
+<A HREF="manual.html#lua_register">lua_register</A><BR>
+<A HREF="manual.html#lua_remove">lua_remove</A><BR>
+<A HREF="manual.html#lua_replace">lua_replace</A><BR>
+<A HREF="manual.html#lua_resume">lua_resume</A><BR>
+<A HREF="manual.html#lua_setallocf">lua_setallocf</A><BR>
+<A HREF="manual.html#lua_setfenv">lua_setfenv</A><BR>
+<A HREF="manual.html#lua_setfield">lua_setfield</A><BR>
+<A HREF="manual.html#lua_setglobal">lua_setglobal</A><BR>
+<A HREF="manual.html#lua_sethook">lua_sethook</A><BR>
+<A HREF="manual.html#lua_setlocal">lua_setlocal</A><BR>
+<A HREF="manual.html#lua_setmetatable">lua_setmetatable</A><BR>
+<A HREF="manual.html#lua_settable">lua_settable</A><BR>
+<A HREF="manual.html#lua_settop">lua_settop</A><BR>
+<A HREF="manual.html#lua_setupvalue">lua_setupvalue</A><BR>
+<A HREF="manual.html#lua_status">lua_status</A><BR>
+<A HREF="manual.html#lua_toboolean">lua_toboolean</A><BR>
+<A HREF="manual.html#lua_tocfunction">lua_tocfunction</A><BR>
+<A HREF="manual.html#lua_tointeger">lua_tointeger</A><BR>
+<A HREF="manual.html#lua_tolstring">lua_tolstring</A><BR>
+<A HREF="manual.html#lua_tonumber">lua_tonumber</A><BR>
+<A HREF="manual.html#lua_topointer">lua_topointer</A><BR>
+<A HREF="manual.html#lua_tostring">lua_tostring</A><BR>
+<A HREF="manual.html#lua_tothread">lua_tothread</A><BR>
+<A HREF="manual.html#lua_touserdata">lua_touserdata</A><BR>
+<A HREF="manual.html#lua_type">lua_type</A><BR>
+<A HREF="manual.html#lua_typename">lua_typename</A><BR>
+<A HREF="manual.html#lua_upvalueindex">lua_upvalueindex</A><BR>
+<A HREF="manual.html#lua_xmove">lua_xmove</A><BR>
+<A HREF="manual.html#lua_yield">lua_yield</A><BR>
+
+</TD>
+<TD>
+<H3>auxiliary library</H3>
+<A HREF="manual.html#luaL_Buffer">luaL_Buffer</A><BR>
+<A HREF="manual.html#luaL_Reg">luaL_Reg</A><BR>
+<P>
+
+<A HREF="manual.html#luaL_addchar">luaL_addchar</A><BR>
+<A HREF="manual.html#luaL_addlstring">luaL_addlstring</A><BR>
+<A HREF="manual.html#luaL_addsize">luaL_addsize</A><BR>
+<A HREF="manual.html#luaL_addstring">luaL_addstring</A><BR>
+<A HREF="manual.html#luaL_addvalue">luaL_addvalue</A><BR>
+<A HREF="manual.html#luaL_argcheck">luaL_argcheck</A><BR>
+<A HREF="manual.html#luaL_argerror">luaL_argerror</A><BR>
+<A HREF="manual.html#luaL_buffinit">luaL_buffinit</A><BR>
+<A HREF="manual.html#luaL_callmeta">luaL_callmeta</A><BR>
+<A HREF="manual.html#luaL_checkany">luaL_checkany</A><BR>
+<A HREF="manual.html#luaL_checkint">luaL_checkint</A><BR>
+<A HREF="manual.html#luaL_checkinteger">luaL_checkinteger</A><BR>
+<A HREF="manual.html#luaL_checklong">luaL_checklong</A><BR>
+<A HREF="manual.html#luaL_checklstring">luaL_checklstring</A><BR>
+<A HREF="manual.html#luaL_checknumber">luaL_checknumber</A><BR>
+<A HREF="manual.html#luaL_checkoption">luaL_checkoption</A><BR>
+<A HREF="manual.html#luaL_checkstack">luaL_checkstack</A><BR>
+<A HREF="manual.html#luaL_checkstring">luaL_checkstring</A><BR>
+<A HREF="manual.html#luaL_checktype">luaL_checktype</A><BR>
+<A HREF="manual.html#luaL_checkudata">luaL_checkudata</A><BR>
+<A HREF="manual.html#luaL_dofile">luaL_dofile</A><BR>
+<A HREF="manual.html#luaL_dostring">luaL_dostring</A><BR>
+<A HREF="manual.html#luaL_error">luaL_error</A><BR>
+<A HREF="manual.html#luaL_getmetafield">luaL_getmetafield</A><BR>
+<A HREF="manual.html#luaL_getmetatable">luaL_getmetatable</A><BR>
+<A HREF="manual.html#luaL_gsub">luaL_gsub</A><BR>
+<A HREF="manual.html#luaL_loadbuffer">luaL_loadbuffer</A><BR>
+<A HREF="manual.html#luaL_loadfile">luaL_loadfile</A><BR>
+<A HREF="manual.html#luaL_loadstring">luaL_loadstring</A><BR>
+<A HREF="manual.html#luaL_newmetatable">luaL_newmetatable</A><BR>
+<A HREF="manual.html#luaL_newstate">luaL_newstate</A><BR>
+<A HREF="manual.html#luaL_openlibs">luaL_openlibs</A><BR>
+<A HREF="manual.html#luaL_optint">luaL_optint</A><BR>
+<A HREF="manual.html#luaL_optinteger">luaL_optinteger</A><BR>
+<A HREF="manual.html#luaL_optlong">luaL_optlong</A><BR>
+<A HREF="manual.html#luaL_optlstring">luaL_optlstring</A><BR>
+<A HREF="manual.html#luaL_optnumber">luaL_optnumber</A><BR>
+<A HREF="manual.html#luaL_optstring">luaL_optstring</A><BR>
+<A HREF="manual.html#luaL_prepbuffer">luaL_prepbuffer</A><BR>
+<A HREF="manual.html#luaL_pushresult">luaL_pushresult</A><BR>
+<A HREF="manual.html#luaL_ref">luaL_ref</A><BR>
+<A HREF="manual.html#luaL_register">luaL_register</A><BR>
+<A HREF="manual.html#luaL_typename">luaL_typename</A><BR>
+<A HREF="manual.html#luaL_typerror">luaL_typerror</A><BR>
+<A HREF="manual.html#luaL_unref">luaL_unref</A><BR>
+<A HREF="manual.html#luaL_where">luaL_where</A><BR>
+
+</TD>
+</TR>
+</TABLE>
+<P>
+
+<HR>
+<SMALL CLASS="footer">
+Last update:
+Mon Feb 13 18:53:32 BRST 2012
+</SMALL>
+<!--
+Last change: revised for Lua 5.1.5
+-->
+
+</BODY>
+</HTML>
--- /dev/null
+.\" $Id: lua.man,v 1.11 2006/01/06 16:03:34 lhf Exp $
+.TH LUA 1 "$Date: 2006/01/06 16:03:34 $"
+.SH NAME
+lua \- Lua interpreter
+.SH SYNOPSIS
+.B lua
+[
+.I options
+]
+[
+.I script
+[
+.I args
+]
+]
+.SH DESCRIPTION
+.B lua
+is the stand-alone Lua interpreter.
+It loads and executes Lua programs,
+either in textual source form or
+in precompiled binary form.
+(Precompiled binaries are output by
+.BR luac ,
+the Lua compiler.)
+.B lua
+can be used as a batch interpreter and also interactively.
+.LP
+The given
+.I options
+(see below)
+are executed and then
+the Lua program in file
+.I script
+is loaded and executed.
+The given
+.I args
+are available to
+.I script
+as strings in a global table named
+.BR arg .
+If these arguments contain spaces or other characters special to the shell,
+then they should be quoted
+(but note that the quotes will be removed by the shell).
+The arguments in
+.B arg
+start at 0,
+which contains the string
+.RI ' script '.
+The index of the last argument is stored in
+.BR arg.n .
+The arguments given in the command line before
+.IR script ,
+including the name of the interpreter,
+are available in negative indices in
+.BR arg .
+.LP
+At the very start,
+before even handling the command line,
+.B lua
+executes the contents of the environment variable
+.BR LUA_INIT ,
+if it is defined.
+If the value of
+.B LUA_INIT
+is of the form
+.RI '@ filename ',
+then
+.I filename
+is executed.
+Otherwise, the string is assumed to be a Lua statement and is executed.
+.LP
+Options start with
+.B '\-'
+and are described below.
+You can use
+.B "'\--'"
+to signal the end of options.
+.LP
+If no arguments are given,
+then
+.B "\-v \-i"
+is assumed when the standard input is a terminal;
+otherwise,
+.B "\-"
+is assumed.
+.LP
+In interactive mode,
+.B lua
+prompts the user,
+reads lines from the standard input,
+and executes them as they are read.
+If a line does not contain a complete statement,
+then a secondary prompt is displayed and
+lines are read until a complete statement is formed or
+a syntax error is found.
+So, one way to interrupt the reading of an incomplete statement is
+to force a syntax error:
+adding a
+.B ';'
+in the middle of a statement is a sure way of forcing a syntax error
+(except inside multiline strings and comments; these must be closed explicitly).
+If a line starts with
+.BR '=' ,
+then
+.B lua
+displays the values of all the expressions in the remainder of the
+line. The expressions must be separated by commas.
+The primary prompt is the value of the global variable
+.BR _PROMPT ,
+if this value is a string;
+otherwise, the default prompt is used.
+Similarly, the secondary prompt is the value of the global variable
+.BR _PROMPT2 .
+So,
+to change the prompts,
+set the corresponding variable to a string of your choice.
+You can do that after calling the interpreter
+or on the command line
+(but in this case you have to be careful with quotes
+if the prompt string contains a space; otherwise you may confuse the shell.)
+The default prompts are "> " and ">> ".
+.SH OPTIONS
+.TP
+.B \-
+load and execute the standard input as a file,
+that is,
+not interactively,
+even when the standard input is a terminal.
+.TP
+.BI \-e " stat"
+execute statement
+.IR stat .
+You need to quote
+.I stat
+if it contains spaces, quotes,
+or other characters special to the shell.
+.TP
+.B \-i
+enter interactive mode after
+.I script
+is executed.
+.TP
+.BI \-l " name"
+call
+.BI require(' name ')
+before executing
+.IR script .
+Typically used to load libraries.
+.TP
+.B \-v
+show version information.
+.SH "SEE ALSO"
+.BR luac (1)
+.br
+http://www.lua.org/
+.SH DIAGNOSTICS
+Error messages should be self explanatory.
+.SH AUTHORS
+R. Ierusalimschy,
+L. H. de Figueiredo,
+and
+W. Celes
+.\" EOF
--- /dev/null
+body {
+ color: #000000 ;
+ background-color: #FFFFFF ;
+ font-family: Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif ;
+ text-align: justify ;
+ margin-right: 30px ;
+ margin-left: 30px ;
+}
+
+h1, h2, h3, h4 {
+ font-family: Verdana, Geneva, sans-serif ;
+ font-weight: normal ;
+ font-style: italic ;
+}
+
+h2 {
+ padding-top: 0.4em ;
+ padding-bottom: 0.4em ;
+ padding-left: 30px ;
+ padding-right: 30px ;
+ margin-left: -30px ;
+ background-color: #E0E0FF ;
+}
+
+h3 {
+ padding-left: 0.5em ;
+ border-left: solid #E0E0FF 1em ;
+}
+
+table h3 {
+ padding-left: 0px ;
+ border-left: none ;
+}
+
+a:link {
+ color: #000080 ;
+ background-color: inherit ;
+ text-decoration: none ;
+}
+
+a:visited {
+ background-color: inherit ;
+ text-decoration: none ;
+}
+
+a:link:hover, a:visited:hover {
+ color: #000080 ;
+ background-color: #E0E0FF ;
+}
+
+a:link:active, a:visited:active {
+ color: #FF0000 ;
+}
+
+hr {
+ border: 0 ;
+ height: 1px ;
+ color: #a0a0a0 ;
+ background-color: #a0a0a0 ;
+}
+
+:target {
+ background-color: #F8F8F8 ;
+ padding: 8px ;
+ border: solid #a0a0a0 2px ;
+}
+
+.footer {
+ color: gray ;
+ font-size: small ;
+}
+
+input[type=text] {
+ border: solid #a0a0a0 2px ;
+ border-radius: 2em ;
+ -moz-border-radius: 2em ;
+ background-image: url('images/search.png') ;
+ background-repeat: no-repeat;
+ background-position: 4px center ;
+ padding-left: 20px ;
+ height: 2em ;
+}
+
--- /dev/null
+<!-- $Id: lua.man,v 1.11 2006/01/06 16:03:34 lhf Exp $ -->
+<HTML>
+<HEAD>
+<TITLE>LUA man page</TITLE>
+<LINK REL="stylesheet" TYPE="text/css" HREF="lua.css">
+</HEAD>
+
+<BODY BGCOLOR="#FFFFFF">
+
+<H2>NAME</H2>
+lua - Lua interpreter
+<H2>SYNOPSIS</H2>
+<B>lua</B>
+[
+<I>options</I>
+]
+[
+<I>script</I>
+[
+<I>args</I>
+]
+]
+<H2>DESCRIPTION</H2>
+<B>lua</B>
+is the stand-alone Lua interpreter.
+It loads and executes Lua programs,
+either in textual source form or
+in precompiled binary form.
+(Precompiled binaries are output by
+<B>luac</B>,
+the Lua compiler.)
+<B>lua</B>
+can be used as a batch interpreter and also interactively.
+<P>
+The given
+<I>options</I>
+(see below)
+are executed and then
+the Lua program in file
+<I>script</I>
+is loaded and executed.
+The given
+<I>args</I>
+are available to
+<I>script</I>
+as strings in a global table named
+<B>arg</B>.
+If these arguments contain spaces or other characters special to the shell,
+then they should be quoted
+(but note that the quotes will be removed by the shell).
+The arguments in
+<B>arg</B>
+start at 0,
+which contains the string
+'<I>script</I>'.
+The index of the last argument is stored in
+<B>arg.n</B>.
+The arguments given in the command line before
+<I>script</I>,
+including the name of the interpreter,
+are available in negative indices in
+<B>arg</B>.
+<P>
+At the very start,
+before even handling the command line,
+<B>lua</B>
+executes the contents of the environment variable
+<B>LUA_INIT</B>,
+if it is defined.
+If the value of
+<B>LUA_INIT</B>
+is of the form
+'@<I>filename</I>',
+then
+<I>filename</I>
+is executed.
+Otherwise, the string is assumed to be a Lua statement and is executed.
+<P>
+Options start with
+<B>'-'</B>
+and are described below.
+You can use
+<B>'--'</B>
+to signal the end of options.
+<P>
+If no arguments are given,
+then
+<B>"-v -i"</B>
+is assumed when the standard input is a terminal;
+otherwise,
+<B>"-"</B>
+is assumed.
+<P>
+In interactive mode,
+<B>lua</B>
+prompts the user,
+reads lines from the standard input,
+and executes them as they are read.
+If a line does not contain a complete statement,
+then a secondary prompt is displayed and
+lines are read until a complete statement is formed or
+a syntax error is found.
+So, one way to interrupt the reading of an incomplete statement is
+to force a syntax error:
+adding a
+<B>';'</B>
+in the middle of a statement is a sure way of forcing a syntax error
+(except inside multiline strings and comments; these must be closed explicitly).
+If a line starts with
+<B>'='</B>,
+then
+<B>lua</B>
+displays the values of all the expressions in the remainder of the
+line. The expressions must be separated by commas.
+The primary prompt is the value of the global variable
+<B>_PROMPT</B>,
+if this value is a string;
+otherwise, the default prompt is used.
+Similarly, the secondary prompt is the value of the global variable
+<B>_PROMPT2</B>.
+So,
+to change the prompts,
+set the corresponding variable to a string of your choice.
+You can do that after calling the interpreter
+or on the command line
+(but in this case you have to be careful with quotes
+if the prompt string contains a space; otherwise you may confuse the shell.)
+The default prompts are "> " and ">> ".
+<H2>OPTIONS</H2>
+<P>
+<B>-</B>
+load and execute the standard input as a file,
+that is,
+not interactively,
+even when the standard input is a terminal.
+<P>
+<B>-e </B><I>stat</I>
+execute statement
+<I>stat</I>.
+You need to quote
+<I>stat </I>
+if it contains spaces, quotes,
+or other characters special to the shell.
+<P>
+<B>-i</B>
+enter interactive mode after
+<I>script</I>
+is executed.
+<P>
+<B>-l </B><I>name</I>
+call
+<B>require</B>('<I>name</I>')
+before executing
+<I>script</I>.
+Typically used to load libraries.
+<P>
+<B>-v</B>
+show version information.
+<H2>SEE ALSO</H2>
+<B>luac</B>(1)
+<BR>
+<A HREF="http://www.lua.org/">http://www.lua.org/</A>
+<H2>DIAGNOSTICS</H2>
+Error messages should be self explanatory.
+<H2>AUTHORS</H2>
+R. Ierusalimschy,
+L. H. de Figueiredo,
+and
+W. Celes
+<!-- EOF -->
+</BODY>
+</HTML>
--- /dev/null
+.\" $Id: luac.man,v 1.28 2006/01/06 16:03:34 lhf Exp $
+.TH LUAC 1 "$Date: 2006/01/06 16:03:34 $"
+.SH NAME
+luac \- Lua compiler
+.SH SYNOPSIS
+.B luac
+[
+.I options
+] [
+.I filenames
+]
+.SH DESCRIPTION
+.B luac
+is the Lua compiler.
+It translates programs written in the Lua programming language
+into binary files that can be later loaded and executed.
+.LP
+The main advantages of precompiling chunks are:
+faster loading,
+protecting source code from accidental user changes,
+and
+off-line syntax checking.
+.LP
+Pre-compiling does not imply faster execution
+because in Lua chunks are always compiled into bytecodes before being executed.
+.B luac
+simply allows those bytecodes to be saved in a file for later execution.
+.LP
+Pre-compiled chunks are not necessarily smaller than the corresponding source.
+The main goal in pre-compiling is faster loading.
+.LP
+The binary files created by
+.B luac
+are portable only among architectures with the same word size and byte order.
+.LP
+.B luac
+produces a single output file containing the bytecodes
+for all source files given.
+By default,
+the output file is named
+.BR luac.out ,
+but you can change this with the
+.B \-o
+option.
+.LP
+In the command line,
+you can mix
+text files containing Lua source and
+binary files containing precompiled chunks.
+This is useful to combine several precompiled chunks,
+even from different (but compatible) platforms,
+into a single precompiled chunk.
+.LP
+You can use
+.B "'\-'"
+to indicate the standard input as a source file
+and
+.B "'\--'"
+to signal the end of options
+(that is,
+all remaining arguments will be treated as files even if they start with
+.BR "'\-'" ).
+.LP
+The internal format of the binary files produced by
+.B luac
+is likely to change when a new version of Lua is released.
+So,
+save the source files of all Lua programs that you precompile.
+.LP
+.SH OPTIONS
+Options must be separate.
+.TP
+.B \-l
+produce a listing of the compiled bytecode for Lua's virtual machine.
+Listing bytecodes is useful to learn about Lua's virtual machine.
+If no files are given, then
+.B luac
+loads
+.B luac.out
+and lists its contents.
+.TP
+.BI \-o " file"
+output to
+.IR file ,
+instead of the default
+.BR luac.out .
+(You can use
+.B "'\-'"
+for standard output,
+but not on platforms that open standard output in text mode.)
+The output file may be a source file because
+all files are loaded before the output file is written.
+Be careful not to overwrite precious files.
+.TP
+.B \-p
+load files but do not generate any output file.
+Used mainly for syntax checking and for testing precompiled chunks:
+corrupted files will probably generate errors when loaded.
+Lua always performs a thorough integrity test on precompiled chunks.
+Bytecode that passes this test is completely safe,
+in the sense that it will not break the interpreter.
+However,
+there is no guarantee that such code does anything sensible.
+(None can be given, because the halting problem is unsolvable.)
+If no files are given, then
+.B luac
+loads
+.B luac.out
+and tests its contents.
+No messages are displayed if the file passes the integrity test.
+.TP
+.B \-s
+strip debug information before writing the output file.
+This saves some space in very large chunks,
+but if errors occur when running a stripped chunk,
+then the error messages may not contain the full information they usually do.
+For instance,
+line numbers and names of local variables are lost.
+.TP
+.B \-v
+show version information.
+.SH FILES
+.TP 15
+.B luac.out
+default output file
+.SH "SEE ALSO"
+.BR lua (1)
+.br
+http://www.lua.org/
+.SH DIAGNOSTICS
+Error messages should be self explanatory.
+.SH AUTHORS
+L. H. de Figueiredo,
+R. Ierusalimschy and
+W. Celes
+.\" EOF
--- /dev/null
+<!-- $Id: luac.man,v 1.28 2006/01/06 16:03:34 lhf Exp $ -->
+<HTML>
+<HEAD>
+<TITLE>LUAC man page</TITLE>
+<LINK REL="stylesheet" TYPE="text/css" HREF="lua.css">
+</HEAD>
+
+<BODY BGCOLOR="#FFFFFF">
+
+<H2>NAME</H2>
+luac - Lua compiler
+<H2>SYNOPSIS</H2>
+<B>luac</B>
+[
+<I>options</I>
+] [
+<I>filenames</I>
+]
+<H2>DESCRIPTION</H2>
+<B>luac</B>
+is the Lua compiler.
+It translates programs written in the Lua programming language
+into binary files that can be later loaded and executed.
+<P>
+The main advantages of precompiling chunks are:
+faster loading,
+protecting source code from accidental user changes,
+and
+off-line syntax checking.
+<P>
+Precompiling does not imply faster execution
+because in Lua chunks are always compiled into bytecodes before being executed.
+<B>luac</B>
+simply allows those bytecodes to be saved in a file for later execution.
+<P>
+Precompiled chunks are not necessarily smaller than the corresponding source.
+The main goal in precompiling is faster loading.
+<P>
+The binary files created by
+<B>luac</B>
+are portable only among architectures with the same word size and byte order.
+<P>
+<B>luac</B>
+produces a single output file containing the bytecodes
+for all source files given.
+By default,
+the output file is named
+<B>luac.out</B>,
+but you can change this with the
+<B>-o</B>
+option.
+<P>
+In the command line,
+you can mix
+text files containing Lua source and
+binary files containing precompiled chunks.
+This is useful because several precompiled chunks,
+even from different (but compatible) platforms,
+can be combined into a single precompiled chunk.
+<P>
+You can use
+<B>'-'</B>
+to indicate the standard input as a source file
+and
+<B>'--'</B>
+to signal the end of options
+(that is,
+all remaining arguments will be treated as files even if they start with
+<B>'-'</B>).
+<P>
+The internal format of the binary files produced by
+<B>luac</B>
+is likely to change when a new version of Lua is released.
+So,
+save the source files of all Lua programs that you precompile.
+<P>
+<H2>OPTIONS</H2>
+Options must be separate.
+<P>
+<B>-l</B>
+produce a listing of the compiled bytecode for Lua's virtual machine.
+Listing bytecodes is useful to learn about Lua's virtual machine.
+If no files are given, then
+<B>luac</B>
+loads
+<B>luac.out</B>
+and lists its contents.
+<P>
+<B>-o </B><I>file</I>
+output to
+<I>file</I>,
+instead of the default
+<B>luac.out</B>.
+(You can use
+<B>'-'</B>
+for standard output,
+but not on platforms that open standard output in text mode.)
+The output file may be a source file because
+all files are loaded before the output file is written.
+Be careful not to overwrite precious files.
+<P>
+<B>-p</B>
+load files but do not generate any output file.
+Used mainly for syntax checking and for testing precompiled chunks:
+corrupted files will probably generate errors when loaded.
+Lua always performs a thorough integrity test on precompiled chunks.
+Bytecode that passes this test is completely safe,
+in the sense that it will not break the interpreter.
+However,
+there is no guarantee that such code does anything sensible.
+(None can be given, because the halting problem is unsolvable.)
+If no files are given, then
+<B>luac</B>
+loads
+<B>luac.out</B>
+and tests its contents.
+No messages are displayed if the file passes the integrity test.
+<P>
+<B>-s</B>
+strip debug information before writing the output file.
+This saves some space in very large chunks,
+but if errors occur when running a stripped chunk,
+then the error messages may not contain the full information they usually do.
+For instance,
+line numbers and names of local variables are lost.
+<P>
+<B>-v</B>
+show version information.
+<H2>FILES</H2>
+<P>
+<B>luac.out</B>
+default output file
+<H2>SEE ALSO</H2>
+<B>lua</B>(1)
+<BR>
+<A HREF="http://www.lua.org/">http://www.lua.org/</A>
+<H2>DIAGNOSTICS</H2>
+Error messages should be self explanatory.
+<H2>AUTHORS</H2>
+L. H. de Figueiredo,
+R. Ierusalimschy and
+W. Celes
+<!-- EOF -->
+</BODY>
+</HTML>
--- /dev/null
+h3 code {
+ font-family: inherit ;
+ font-size: inherit ;
+}
+
+pre, code {
+ font-size: 12pt ;
+}
+
+span.apii {
+ float: right ;
+ font-family: inherit ;
+ font-style: normal ;
+ font-size: small ;
+ color: gray ;
+}
+
+p+h1, ul+h1 {
+ padding-top: 0.4em ;
+ padding-bottom: 0.4em ;
+ padding-left: 30px ;
+ margin-left: -30px ;
+ background-color: #E0E0FF ;
+}
--- /dev/null
+<!DOCTYPE HTML PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD HTML 4.01 Transitional//EN">
+<html>
+
+<head>
+<title>Lua 5.1 Reference Manual</title>
+<link rel="stylesheet" type="text/css" href="lua.css">
+<link rel="stylesheet" type="text/css" href="manual.css">
+<META HTTP-EQUIV="content-type" CONTENT="text/html; charset=iso-8859-1">
+</head>
+
+<body>
+
+<hr>
+<h1>
+<a href="http://www.lua.org/"><img src="logo.gif" alt="" border="0"></a>
+Lua 5.1 Reference Manual
+</h1>
+
+by Roberto Ierusalimschy, Luiz Henrique de Figueiredo, Waldemar Celes
+<p>
+<small>
+Copyright © 2006–2012 Lua.org, PUC-Rio.
+Freely available under the terms of the
+<a href="http://www.lua.org/license.html">Lua license</a>.
+</small>
+<hr>
+<p>
+
+<a href="contents.html#contents">contents</A>
+·
+<a href="contents.html#index">index</A>
+·
+<A HREF="http://www.lua.org/manual/">other versions</A>
+
+<!-- ====================================================================== -->
+<p>
+
+<!-- $Id: manual.of,v 1.49.1.2 2012/01/13 20:23:26 roberto Exp $ -->
+
+
+
+
+<h1>1 - <a name="1">Introduction</a></h1>
+
+<p>
+Lua is an extension programming language designed to support
+general procedural programming with data description
+facilities.
+It also offers good support for object-oriented programming,
+functional programming, and data-driven programming.
+Lua is intended to be used as a powerful, light-weight
+scripting language for any program that needs one.
+Lua is implemented as a library, written in <em>clean</em> C
+(that is, in the common subset of ANSI C and C++).
+
+
+<p>
+Being an extension language, Lua has no notion of a "main" program:
+it only works <em>embedded</em> in a host client,
+called the <em>embedding program</em> or simply the <em>host</em>.
+This host program can invoke functions to execute a piece of Lua code,
+can write and read Lua variables,
+and can register C functions to be called by Lua code.
+Through the use of C functions, Lua can be augmented to cope with
+a wide range of different domains,
+thus creating customized programming languages sharing a syntactical framework.
+The Lua distribution includes a sample host program called <code>lua</code>,
+which uses the Lua library to offer a complete, stand-alone Lua interpreter.
+
+
+<p>
+Lua is free software,
+and is provided as usual with no guarantees,
+as stated in its license.
+The implementation described in this manual is available
+at Lua's official web site, <code>www.lua.org</code>.
+
+
+<p>
+Like any other reference manual,
+this document is dry in places.
+For a discussion of the decisions behind the design of Lua,
+see the technical papers available at Lua's web site.
+For a detailed introduction to programming in Lua,
+see Roberto's book, <em>Programming in Lua (Second Edition)</em>.
+
+
+
+<h1>2 - <a name="2">The Language</a></h1>
+
+<p>
+This section describes the lexis, the syntax, and the semantics of Lua.
+In other words,
+this section describes
+which tokens are valid,
+how they can be combined,
+and what their combinations mean.
+
+
+<p>
+The language constructs will be explained using the usual extended BNF notation,
+in which
+{<em>a</em>} means 0 or more <em>a</em>'s, and
+[<em>a</em>] means an optional <em>a</em>.
+Non-terminals are shown like non-terminal,
+keywords are shown like <b>kword</b>,
+and other terminal symbols are shown like `<b>=</b>´.
+The complete syntax of Lua can be found in <a href="#8">§8</a>
+at the end of this manual.
+
+
+
+<h2>2.1 - <a name="2.1">Lexical Conventions</a></h2>
+
+<p>
+<em>Names</em>
+(also called <em>identifiers</em>)
+in Lua can be any string of letters,
+digits, and underscores,
+not beginning with a digit.
+This coincides with the definition of names in most languages.
+(The definition of letter depends on the current locale:
+any character considered alphabetic by the current locale
+can be used in an identifier.)
+Identifiers are used to name variables and table fields.
+
+
+<p>
+The following <em>keywords</em> are reserved
+and cannot be used as names:
+
+
+<pre>
+ and break do else elseif
+ end false for function if
+ in local nil not or
+ repeat return then true until while
+</pre>
+
+<p>
+Lua is a case-sensitive language:
+<code>and</code> is a reserved word, but <code>And</code> and <code>AND</code>
+are two different, valid names.
+As a convention, names starting with an underscore followed by
+uppercase letters (such as <a href="#pdf-_VERSION"><code>_VERSION</code></a>)
+are reserved for internal global variables used by Lua.
+
+
+<p>
+The following strings denote other tokens:
+
+<pre>
+ + - * / % ^ #
+ == ~= <= >= < > =
+ ( ) { } [ ]
+ ; : , . .. ...
+</pre>
+
+<p>
+<em>Literal strings</em>
+can be delimited by matching single or double quotes,
+and can contain the following C-like escape sequences:
+'<code>\a</code>' (bell),
+'<code>\b</code>' (backspace),
+'<code>\f</code>' (form feed),
+'<code>\n</code>' (newline),
+'<code>\r</code>' (carriage return),
+'<code>\t</code>' (horizontal tab),
+'<code>\v</code>' (vertical tab),
+'<code>\\</code>' (backslash),
+'<code>\"</code>' (quotation mark [double quote]),
+and '<code>\'</code>' (apostrophe [single quote]).
+Moreover, a backslash followed by a real newline
+results in a newline in the string.
+A character in a string can also be specified by its numerical value
+using the escape sequence <code>\<em>ddd</em></code>,
+where <em>ddd</em> is a sequence of up to three decimal digits.
+(Note that if a numerical escape is to be followed by a digit,
+it must be expressed using exactly three digits.)
+Strings in Lua can contain any 8-bit value, including embedded zeros,
+which can be specified as '<code>\0</code>'.
+
+
+<p>
+Literal strings can also be defined using a long format
+enclosed by <em>long brackets</em>.
+We define an <em>opening long bracket of level <em>n</em></em> as an opening
+square bracket followed by <em>n</em> equal signs followed by another
+opening square bracket.
+So, an opening long bracket of level 0 is written as <code>[[</code>,
+an opening long bracket of level 1 is written as <code>[=[</code>,
+and so on.
+A <em>closing long bracket</em> is defined similarly;
+for instance, a closing long bracket of level 4 is written as <code>]====]</code>.
+A long string starts with an opening long bracket of any level and
+ends at the first closing long bracket of the same level.
+Literals in this bracketed form can run for several lines,
+do not interpret any escape sequences,
+and ignore long brackets of any other level.
+They can contain anything except a closing bracket of the proper level.
+
+
+<p>
+For convenience,
+when the opening long bracket is immediately followed by a newline,
+the newline is not included in the string.
+As an example, in a system using ASCII
+(in which '<code>a</code>' is coded as 97,
+newline is coded as 10, and '<code>1</code>' is coded as 49),
+the five literal strings below denote the same string:
+
+<pre>
+ a = 'alo\n123"'
+ a = "alo\n123\""
+ a = '\97lo\10\04923"'
+ a = [[alo
+ 123"]]
+ a = [==[
+ alo
+ 123"]==]
+</pre>
+
+<p>
+A <em>numerical constant</em> can be written with an optional decimal part
+and an optional decimal exponent.
+Lua also accepts integer hexadecimal constants,
+by prefixing them with <code>0x</code>.
+Examples of valid numerical constants are
+
+<pre>
+ 3 3.0 3.1416 314.16e-2 0.31416E1 0xff 0x56
+</pre>
+
+<p>
+A <em>comment</em> starts with a double hyphen (<code>--</code>)
+anywhere outside a string.
+If the text immediately after <code>--</code> is not an opening long bracket,
+the comment is a <em>short comment</em>,
+which runs until the end of the line.
+Otherwise, it is a <em>long comment</em>,
+which runs until the corresponding closing long bracket.
+Long comments are frequently used to disable code temporarily.
+
+
+
+
+
+<h2>2.2 - <a name="2.2">Values and Types</a></h2>
+
+<p>
+Lua is a <em>dynamically typed language</em>.
+This means that
+variables do not have types; only values do.
+There are no type definitions in the language.
+All values carry their own type.
+
+
+<p>
+All values in Lua are <em>first-class values</em>.
+This means that all values can be stored in variables,
+passed as arguments to other functions, and returned as results.
+
+
+<p>
+There are eight basic types in Lua:
+<em>nil</em>, <em>boolean</em>, <em>number</em>,
+<em>string</em>, <em>function</em>, <em>userdata</em>,
+<em>thread</em>, and <em>table</em>.
+<em>Nil</em> is the type of the value <b>nil</b>,
+whose main property is to be different from any other value;
+it usually represents the absence of a useful value.
+<em>Boolean</em> is the type of the values <b>false</b> and <b>true</b>.
+Both <b>nil</b> and <b>false</b> make a condition false;
+any other value makes it true.
+<em>Number</em> represents real (double-precision floating-point) numbers.
+(It is easy to build Lua interpreters that use other
+internal representations for numbers,
+such as single-precision float or long integers;
+see file <code>luaconf.h</code>.)
+<em>String</em> represents arrays of characters.
+
+Lua is 8-bit clean:
+strings can contain any 8-bit character,
+including embedded zeros ('<code>\0</code>') (see <a href="#2.1">§2.1</a>).
+
+
+<p>
+Lua can call (and manipulate) functions written in Lua and
+functions written in C
+(see <a href="#2.5.8">§2.5.8</a>).
+
+
+<p>
+The type <em>userdata</em> is provided to allow arbitrary C data to
+be stored in Lua variables.
+This type corresponds to a block of raw memory
+and has no pre-defined operations in Lua,
+except assignment and identity test.
+However, by using <em>metatables</em>,
+the programmer can define operations for userdata values
+(see <a href="#2.8">§2.8</a>).
+Userdata values cannot be created or modified in Lua,
+only through the C API.
+This guarantees the integrity of data owned by the host program.
+
+
+<p>
+The type <em>thread</em> represents independent threads of execution
+and it is used to implement coroutines (see <a href="#2.11">§2.11</a>).
+Do not confuse Lua threads with operating-system threads.
+Lua supports coroutines on all systems,
+even those that do not support threads.
+
+
+<p>
+The type <em>table</em> implements associative arrays,
+that is, arrays that can be indexed not only with numbers,
+but with any value (except <b>nil</b>).
+Tables can be <em>heterogeneous</em>;
+that is, they can contain values of all types (except <b>nil</b>).
+Tables are the sole data structuring mechanism in Lua;
+they can be used to represent ordinary arrays,
+symbol tables, sets, records, graphs, trees, etc.
+To represent records, Lua uses the field name as an index.
+The language supports this representation by
+providing <code>a.name</code> as syntactic sugar for <code>a["name"]</code>.
+There are several convenient ways to create tables in Lua
+(see <a href="#2.5.7">§2.5.7</a>).
+
+
+<p>
+Like indices,
+the value of a table field can be of any type (except <b>nil</b>).
+In particular,
+because functions are first-class values,
+table fields can contain functions.
+Thus tables can also carry <em>methods</em> (see <a href="#2.5.9">§2.5.9</a>).
+
+
+<p>
+Tables, functions, threads, and (full) userdata values are <em>objects</em>:
+variables do not actually <em>contain</em> these values,
+only <em>references</em> to them.
+Assignment, parameter passing, and function returns
+always manipulate references to such values;
+these operations do not imply any kind of copy.
+
+
+<p>
+The library function <a href="#pdf-type"><code>type</code></a> returns a string describing the type
+of a given value.
+
+
+
+<h3>2.2.1 - <a name="2.2.1">Coercion</a></h3>
+
+<p>
+Lua provides automatic conversion between
+string and number values at run time.
+Any arithmetic operation applied to a string tries to convert
+this string to a number, following the usual conversion rules.
+Conversely, whenever a number is used where a string is expected,
+the number is converted to a string, in a reasonable format.
+For complete control over how numbers are converted to strings,
+use the <code>format</code> function from the string library
+(see <a href="#pdf-string.format"><code>string.format</code></a>).
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+<h2>2.3 - <a name="2.3">Variables</a></h2>
+
+<p>
+Variables are places that store values.
+
+There are three kinds of variables in Lua:
+global variables, local variables, and table fields.
+
+
+<p>
+A single name can denote a global variable or a local variable
+(or a function's formal parameter,
+which is a particular kind of local variable):
+
+<pre>
+ var ::= Name
+</pre><p>
+Name denotes identifiers, as defined in <a href="#2.1">§2.1</a>.
+
+
+<p>
+Any variable is assumed to be global unless explicitly declared
+as a local (see <a href="#2.4.7">§2.4.7</a>).
+Local variables are <em>lexically scoped</em>:
+local variables can be freely accessed by functions
+defined inside their scope (see <a href="#2.6">§2.6</a>).
+
+
+<p>
+Before the first assignment to a variable, its value is <b>nil</b>.
+
+
+<p>
+Square brackets are used to index a table:
+
+<pre>
+ var ::= prefixexp `<b>[</b>´ exp `<b>]</b>´
+</pre><p>
+The meaning of accesses to global variables
+and table fields can be changed via metatables.
+An access to an indexed variable <code>t[i]</code> is equivalent to
+a call <code>gettable_event(t,i)</code>.
+(See <a href="#2.8">§2.8</a> for a complete description of the
+<code>gettable_event</code> function.
+This function is not defined or callable in Lua.
+We use it here only for explanatory purposes.)
+
+
+<p>
+The syntax <code>var.Name</code> is just syntactic sugar for
+<code>var["Name"]</code>:
+
+<pre>
+ var ::= prefixexp `<b>.</b>´ Name
+</pre>
+
+<p>
+All global variables live as fields in ordinary Lua tables,
+called <em>environment tables</em> or simply
+<em>environments</em> (see <a href="#2.9">§2.9</a>).
+Each function has its own reference to an environment,
+so that all global variables in this function
+will refer to this environment table.
+When a function is created,
+it inherits the environment from the function that created it.
+To get the environment table of a Lua function,
+you call <a href="#pdf-getfenv"><code>getfenv</code></a>.
+To replace it,
+you call <a href="#pdf-setfenv"><code>setfenv</code></a>.
+(You can only manipulate the environment of C functions
+through the debug library; (see <a href="#5.9">§5.9</a>).)
+
+
+<p>
+An access to a global variable <code>x</code>
+is equivalent to <code>_env.x</code>,
+which in turn is equivalent to
+
+<pre>
+ gettable_event(_env, "x")
+</pre><p>
+where <code>_env</code> is the environment of the running function.
+(See <a href="#2.8">§2.8</a> for a complete description of the
+<code>gettable_event</code> function.
+This function is not defined or callable in Lua.
+Similarly, the <code>_env</code> variable is not defined in Lua.
+We use them here only for explanatory purposes.)
+
+
+
+
+
+<h2>2.4 - <a name="2.4">Statements</a></h2>
+
+<p>
+Lua supports an almost conventional set of statements,
+similar to those in Pascal or C.
+This set includes
+assignments, control structures, function calls,
+and variable declarations.
+
+
+
+<h3>2.4.1 - <a name="2.4.1">Chunks</a></h3>
+
+<p>
+The unit of execution of Lua is called a <em>chunk</em>.
+A chunk is simply a sequence of statements,
+which are executed sequentially.
+Each statement can be optionally followed by a semicolon:
+
+<pre>
+ chunk ::= {stat [`<b>;</b>´]}
+</pre><p>
+There are no empty statements and thus '<code>;;</code>' is not legal.
+
+
+<p>
+Lua handles a chunk as the body of an anonymous function
+with a variable number of arguments
+(see <a href="#2.5.9">§2.5.9</a>).
+As such, chunks can define local variables,
+receive arguments, and return values.
+
+
+<p>
+A chunk can be stored in a file or in a string inside the host program.
+To execute a chunk,
+Lua first pre-compiles the chunk into instructions for a virtual machine,
+and then it executes the compiled code
+with an interpreter for the virtual machine.
+
+
+<p>
+Chunks can also be pre-compiled into binary form;
+see program <code>luac</code> for details.
+Programs in source and compiled forms are interchangeable;
+Lua automatically detects the file type and acts accordingly.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+<h3>2.4.2 - <a name="2.4.2">Blocks</a></h3><p>
+A block is a list of statements;
+syntactically, a block is the same as a chunk:
+
+<pre>
+ block ::= chunk
+</pre>
+
+<p>
+A block can be explicitly delimited to produce a single statement:
+
+<pre>
+ stat ::= <b>do</b> block <b>end</b>
+</pre><p>
+Explicit blocks are useful
+to control the scope of variable declarations.
+Explicit blocks are also sometimes used to
+add a <b>return</b> or <b>break</b> statement in the middle
+of another block (see <a href="#2.4.4">§2.4.4</a>).
+
+
+
+
+
+<h3>2.4.3 - <a name="2.4.3">Assignment</a></h3>
+
+<p>
+Lua allows multiple assignments.
+Therefore, the syntax for assignment
+defines a list of variables on the left side
+and a list of expressions on the right side.
+The elements in both lists are separated by commas:
+
+<pre>
+ stat ::= varlist `<b>=</b>´ explist
+ varlist ::= var {`<b>,</b>´ var}
+ explist ::= exp {`<b>,</b>´ exp}
+</pre><p>
+Expressions are discussed in <a href="#2.5">§2.5</a>.
+
+
+<p>
+Before the assignment,
+the list of values is <em>adjusted</em> to the length of
+the list of variables.
+If there are more values than needed,
+the excess values are thrown away.
+If there are fewer values than needed,
+the list is extended with as many <b>nil</b>'s as needed.
+If the list of expressions ends with a function call,
+then all values returned by that call enter the list of values,
+before the adjustment
+(except when the call is enclosed in parentheses; see <a href="#2.5">§2.5</a>).
+
+
+<p>
+The assignment statement first evaluates all its expressions
+and only then are the assignments performed.
+Thus the code
+
+<pre>
+ i = 3
+ i, a[i] = i+1, 20
+</pre><p>
+sets <code>a[3]</code> to 20, without affecting <code>a[4]</code>
+because the <code>i</code> in <code>a[i]</code> is evaluated (to 3)
+before it is assigned 4.
+Similarly, the line
+
+<pre>
+ x, y = y, x
+</pre><p>
+exchanges the values of <code>x</code> and <code>y</code>,
+and
+
+<pre>
+ x, y, z = y, z, x
+</pre><p>
+cyclically permutes the values of <code>x</code>, <code>y</code>, and <code>z</code>.
+
+
+<p>
+The meaning of assignments to global variables
+and table fields can be changed via metatables.
+An assignment to an indexed variable <code>t[i] = val</code> is equivalent to
+<code>settable_event(t,i,val)</code>.
+(See <a href="#2.8">§2.8</a> for a complete description of the
+<code>settable_event</code> function.
+This function is not defined or callable in Lua.
+We use it here only for explanatory purposes.)
+
+
+<p>
+An assignment to a global variable <code>x = val</code>
+is equivalent to the assignment
+<code>_env.x = val</code>,
+which in turn is equivalent to
+
+<pre>
+ settable_event(_env, "x", val)
+</pre><p>
+where <code>_env</code> is the environment of the running function.
+(The <code>_env</code> variable is not defined in Lua.
+We use it here only for explanatory purposes.)
+
+
+
+
+
+<h3>2.4.4 - <a name="2.4.4">Control Structures</a></h3><p>
+The control structures
+<b>if</b>, <b>while</b>, and <b>repeat</b> have the usual meaning and
+familiar syntax:
+
+
+
+
+<pre>
+ stat ::= <b>while</b> exp <b>do</b> block <b>end</b>
+ stat ::= <b>repeat</b> block <b>until</b> exp
+ stat ::= <b>if</b> exp <b>then</b> block {<b>elseif</b> exp <b>then</b> block} [<b>else</b> block] <b>end</b>
+</pre><p>
+Lua also has a <b>for</b> statement, in two flavors (see <a href="#2.4.5">§2.4.5</a>).
+
+
+<p>
+The condition expression of a
+control structure can return any value.
+Both <b>false</b> and <b>nil</b> are considered false.
+All values different from <b>nil</b> and <b>false</b> are considered true
+(in particular, the number 0 and the empty string are also true).
+
+
+<p>
+In the <b>repeat</b>–<b>until</b> loop,
+the inner block does not end at the <b>until</b> keyword,
+but only after the condition.
+So, the condition can refer to local variables
+declared inside the loop block.
+
+
+<p>
+The <b>return</b> statement is used to return values
+from a function or a chunk (which is just a function).
+
+Functions and chunks can return more than one value,
+and so the syntax for the <b>return</b> statement is
+
+<pre>
+ stat ::= <b>return</b> [explist]
+</pre>
+
+<p>
+The <b>break</b> statement is used to terminate the execution of a
+<b>while</b>, <b>repeat</b>, or <b>for</b> loop,
+skipping to the next statement after the loop:
+
+
+<pre>
+ stat ::= <b>break</b>
+</pre><p>
+A <b>break</b> ends the innermost enclosing loop.
+
+
+<p>
+The <b>return</b> and <b>break</b>
+statements can only be written as the <em>last</em> statement of a block.
+If it is really necessary to <b>return</b> or <b>break</b> in the
+middle of a block,
+then an explicit inner block can be used,
+as in the idioms
+<code>do return end</code> and <code>do break end</code>,
+because now <b>return</b> and <b>break</b> are the last statements in
+their (inner) blocks.
+
+
+
+
+
+<h3>2.4.5 - <a name="2.4.5">For Statement</a></h3>
+
+<p>
+
+The <b>for</b> statement has two forms:
+one numeric and one generic.
+
+
+<p>
+The numeric <b>for</b> loop repeats a block of code while a
+control variable runs through an arithmetic progression.
+It has the following syntax:
+
+<pre>
+ stat ::= <b>for</b> Name `<b>=</b>´ exp `<b>,</b>´ exp [`<b>,</b>´ exp] <b>do</b> block <b>end</b>
+</pre><p>
+The <em>block</em> is repeated for <em>name</em> starting at the value of
+the first <em>exp</em>, until it passes the second <em>exp</em> by steps of the
+third <em>exp</em>.
+More precisely, a <b>for</b> statement like
+
+<pre>
+ for v = <em>e1</em>, <em>e2</em>, <em>e3</em> do <em>block</em> end
+</pre><p>
+is equivalent to the code:
+
+<pre>
+ do
+ local <em>var</em>, <em>limit</em>, <em>step</em> = tonumber(<em>e1</em>), tonumber(<em>e2</em>), tonumber(<em>e3</em>)
+ if not (<em>var</em> and <em>limit</em> and <em>step</em>) then error() end
+ while (<em>step</em> > 0 and <em>var</em> <= <em>limit</em>) or (<em>step</em> <= 0 and <em>var</em> >= <em>limit</em>) do
+ local v = <em>var</em>
+ <em>block</em>
+ <em>var</em> = <em>var</em> + <em>step</em>
+ end
+ end
+</pre><p>
+Note the following:
+
+<ul>
+
+<li>
+All three control expressions are evaluated only once,
+before the loop starts.
+They must all result in numbers.
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<code><em>var</em></code>, <code><em>limit</em></code>, and <code><em>step</em></code> are invisible variables.
+The names shown here are for explanatory purposes only.
+</li>
+
+<li>
+If the third expression (the step) is absent,
+then a step of 1 is used.
+</li>
+
+<li>
+You can use <b>break</b> to exit a <b>for</b> loop.
+</li>
+
+<li>
+The loop variable <code>v</code> is local to the loop;
+you cannot use its value after the <b>for</b> ends or is broken.
+If you need this value,
+assign it to another variable before breaking or exiting the loop.
+</li>
+
+</ul>
+
+<p>
+The generic <b>for</b> statement works over functions,
+called <em>iterators</em>.
+On each iteration, the iterator function is called to produce a new value,
+stopping when this new value is <b>nil</b>.
+The generic <b>for</b> loop has the following syntax:
+
+<pre>
+ stat ::= <b>for</b> namelist <b>in</b> explist <b>do</b> block <b>end</b>
+ namelist ::= Name {`<b>,</b>´ Name}
+</pre><p>
+A <b>for</b> statement like
+
+<pre>
+ for <em>var_1</em>, ···, <em>var_n</em> in <em>explist</em> do <em>block</em> end
+</pre><p>
+is equivalent to the code:
+
+<pre>
+ do
+ local <em>f</em>, <em>s</em>, <em>var</em> = <em>explist</em>
+ while true do
+ local <em>var_1</em>, ···, <em>var_n</em> = <em>f</em>(<em>s</em>, <em>var</em>)
+ <em>var</em> = <em>var_1</em>
+ if <em>var</em> == nil then break end
+ <em>block</em>
+ end
+ end
+</pre><p>
+Note the following:
+
+<ul>
+
+<li>
+<code><em>explist</em></code> is evaluated only once.
+Its results are an <em>iterator</em> function,
+a <em>state</em>,
+and an initial value for the first <em>iterator variable</em>.
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<code><em>f</em></code>, <code><em>s</em></code>, and <code><em>var</em></code> are invisible variables.
+The names are here for explanatory purposes only.
+</li>
+
+<li>
+You can use <b>break</b> to exit a <b>for</b> loop.
+</li>
+
+<li>
+The loop variables <code><em>var_i</em></code> are local to the loop;
+you cannot use their values after the <b>for</b> ends.
+If you need these values,
+then assign them to other variables before breaking or exiting the loop.
+</li>
+
+</ul>
+
+
+
+
+<h3>2.4.6 - <a name="2.4.6">Function Calls as Statements</a></h3><p>
+To allow possible side-effects,
+function calls can be executed as statements:
+
+<pre>
+ stat ::= functioncall
+</pre><p>
+In this case, all returned values are thrown away.
+Function calls are explained in <a href="#2.5.8">§2.5.8</a>.
+
+
+
+
+
+<h3>2.4.7 - <a name="2.4.7">Local Declarations</a></h3><p>
+Local variables can be declared anywhere inside a block.
+The declaration can include an initial assignment:
+
+<pre>
+ stat ::= <b>local</b> namelist [`<b>=</b>´ explist]
+</pre><p>
+If present, an initial assignment has the same semantics
+of a multiple assignment (see <a href="#2.4.3">§2.4.3</a>).
+Otherwise, all variables are initialized with <b>nil</b>.
+
+
+<p>
+A chunk is also a block (see <a href="#2.4.1">§2.4.1</a>),
+and so local variables can be declared in a chunk outside any explicit block.
+The scope of such local variables extends until the end of the chunk.
+
+
+<p>
+The visibility rules for local variables are explained in <a href="#2.6">§2.6</a>.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+<h2>2.5 - <a name="2.5">Expressions</a></h2>
+
+<p>
+The basic expressions in Lua are the following:
+
+<pre>
+ exp ::= prefixexp
+ exp ::= <b>nil</b> | <b>false</b> | <b>true</b>
+ exp ::= Number
+ exp ::= String
+ exp ::= function
+ exp ::= tableconstructor
+ exp ::= `<b>...</b>´
+ exp ::= exp binop exp
+ exp ::= unop exp
+ prefixexp ::= var | functioncall | `<b>(</b>´ exp `<b>)</b>´
+</pre>
+
+<p>
+Numbers and literal strings are explained in <a href="#2.1">§2.1</a>;
+variables are explained in <a href="#2.3">§2.3</a>;
+function definitions are explained in <a href="#2.5.9">§2.5.9</a>;
+function calls are explained in <a href="#2.5.8">§2.5.8</a>;
+table constructors are explained in <a href="#2.5.7">§2.5.7</a>.
+Vararg expressions,
+denoted by three dots ('<code>...</code>'), can only be used when
+directly inside a vararg function;
+they are explained in <a href="#2.5.9">§2.5.9</a>.
+
+
+<p>
+Binary operators comprise arithmetic operators (see <a href="#2.5.1">§2.5.1</a>),
+relational operators (see <a href="#2.5.2">§2.5.2</a>), logical operators (see <a href="#2.5.3">§2.5.3</a>),
+and the concatenation operator (see <a href="#2.5.4">§2.5.4</a>).
+Unary operators comprise the unary minus (see <a href="#2.5.1">§2.5.1</a>),
+the unary <b>not</b> (see <a href="#2.5.3">§2.5.3</a>),
+and the unary <em>length operator</em> (see <a href="#2.5.5">§2.5.5</a>).
+
+
+<p>
+Both function calls and vararg expressions can result in multiple values.
+If an expression is used as a statement
+(only possible for function calls (see <a href="#2.4.6">§2.4.6</a>)),
+then its return list is adjusted to zero elements,
+thus discarding all returned values.
+If an expression is used as the last (or the only) element
+of a list of expressions,
+then no adjustment is made
+(unless the call is enclosed in parentheses).
+In all other contexts,
+Lua adjusts the result list to one element,
+discarding all values except the first one.
+
+
+<p>
+Here are some examples:
+
+<pre>
+ f() -- adjusted to 0 results
+ g(f(), x) -- f() is adjusted to 1 result
+ g(x, f()) -- g gets x plus all results from f()
+ a,b,c = f(), x -- f() is adjusted to 1 result (c gets nil)
+ a,b = ... -- a gets the first vararg parameter, b gets
+ -- the second (both a and b can get nil if there
+ -- is no corresponding vararg parameter)
+
+ a,b,c = x, f() -- f() is adjusted to 2 results
+ a,b,c = f() -- f() is adjusted to 3 results
+ return f() -- returns all results from f()
+ return ... -- returns all received vararg parameters
+ return x,y,f() -- returns x, y, and all results from f()
+ {f()} -- creates a list with all results from f()
+ {...} -- creates a list with all vararg parameters
+ {f(), nil} -- f() is adjusted to 1 result
+</pre>
+
+<p>
+Any expression enclosed in parentheses always results in only one value.
+Thus,
+<code>(f(x,y,z))</code> is always a single value,
+even if <code>f</code> returns several values.
+(The value of <code>(f(x,y,z))</code> is the first value returned by <code>f</code>
+or <b>nil</b> if <code>f</code> does not return any values.)
+
+
+
+<h3>2.5.1 - <a name="2.5.1">Arithmetic Operators</a></h3><p>
+Lua supports the usual arithmetic operators:
+the binary <code>+</code> (addition),
+<code>-</code> (subtraction), <code>*</code> (multiplication),
+<code>/</code> (division), <code>%</code> (modulo), and <code>^</code> (exponentiation);
+and unary <code>-</code> (negation).
+If the operands are numbers, or strings that can be converted to
+numbers (see <a href="#2.2.1">§2.2.1</a>),
+then all operations have the usual meaning.
+Exponentiation works for any exponent.
+For instance, <code>x^(-0.5)</code> computes the inverse of the square root of <code>x</code>.
+Modulo is defined as
+
+<pre>
+ a % b == a - math.floor(a/b)*b
+</pre><p>
+That is, it is the remainder of a division that rounds
+the quotient towards minus infinity.
+
+
+
+
+
+<h3>2.5.2 - <a name="2.5.2">Relational Operators</a></h3><p>
+The relational operators in Lua are
+
+<pre>
+ == ~= < > <= >=
+</pre><p>
+These operators always result in <b>false</b> or <b>true</b>.
+
+
+<p>
+Equality (<code>==</code>) first compares the type of its operands.
+If the types are different, then the result is <b>false</b>.
+Otherwise, the values of the operands are compared.
+Numbers and strings are compared in the usual way.
+Objects (tables, userdata, threads, and functions)
+are compared by <em>reference</em>:
+two objects are considered equal only if they are the <em>same</em> object.
+Every time you create a new object
+(a table, userdata, thread, or function),
+this new object is different from any previously existing object.
+
+
+<p>
+You can change the way that Lua compares tables and userdata
+by using the "eq" metamethod (see <a href="#2.8">§2.8</a>).
+
+
+<p>
+The conversion rules of <a href="#2.2.1">§2.2.1</a>
+<em>do not</em> apply to equality comparisons.
+Thus, <code>"0"==0</code> evaluates to <b>false</b>,
+and <code>t[0]</code> and <code>t["0"]</code> denote different
+entries in a table.
+
+
+<p>
+The operator <code>~=</code> is exactly the negation of equality (<code>==</code>).
+
+
+<p>
+The order operators work as follows.
+If both arguments are numbers, then they are compared as such.
+Otherwise, if both arguments are strings,
+then their values are compared according to the current locale.
+Otherwise, Lua tries to call the "lt" or the "le"
+metamethod (see <a href="#2.8">§2.8</a>).
+A comparison <code>a > b</code> is translated to <code>b < a</code>
+and <code>a >= b</code> is translated to <code>b <= a</code>.
+
+
+
+
+
+<h3>2.5.3 - <a name="2.5.3">Logical Operators</a></h3><p>
+The logical operators in Lua are
+<b>and</b>, <b>or</b>, and <b>not</b>.
+Like the control structures (see <a href="#2.4.4">§2.4.4</a>),
+all logical operators consider both <b>false</b> and <b>nil</b> as false
+and anything else as true.
+
+
+<p>
+The negation operator <b>not</b> always returns <b>false</b> or <b>true</b>.
+The conjunction operator <b>and</b> returns its first argument
+if this value is <b>false</b> or <b>nil</b>;
+otherwise, <b>and</b> returns its second argument.
+The disjunction operator <b>or</b> returns its first argument
+if this value is different from <b>nil</b> and <b>false</b>;
+otherwise, <b>or</b> returns its second argument.
+Both <b>and</b> and <b>or</b> use short-cut evaluation;
+that is,
+the second operand is evaluated only if necessary.
+Here are some examples:
+
+<pre>
+ 10 or 20 --> 10
+ 10 or error() --> 10
+ nil or "a" --> "a"
+ nil and 10 --> nil
+ false and error() --> false
+ false and nil --> false
+ false or nil --> nil
+ 10 and 20 --> 20
+</pre><p>
+(In this manual,
+<code>--></code> indicates the result of the preceding expression.)
+
+
+
+
+
+<h3>2.5.4 - <a name="2.5.4">Concatenation</a></h3><p>
+The string concatenation operator in Lua is
+denoted by two dots ('<code>..</code>').
+If both operands are strings or numbers, then they are converted to
+strings according to the rules mentioned in <a href="#2.2.1">§2.2.1</a>.
+Otherwise, the "concat" metamethod is called (see <a href="#2.8">§2.8</a>).
+
+
+
+
+
+<h3>2.5.5 - <a name="2.5.5">The Length Operator</a></h3>
+
+<p>
+The length operator is denoted by the unary operator <code>#</code>.
+The length of a string is its number of bytes
+(that is, the usual meaning of string length when each
+character is one byte).
+
+
+<p>
+The length of a table <code>t</code> is defined to be any
+integer index <code>n</code>
+such that <code>t[n]</code> is not <b>nil</b> and <code>t[n+1]</code> is <b>nil</b>;
+moreover, if <code>t[1]</code> is <b>nil</b>, <code>n</code> can be zero.
+For a regular array, with non-nil values from 1 to a given <code>n</code>,
+its length is exactly that <code>n</code>,
+the index of its last value.
+If the array has "holes"
+(that is, <b>nil</b> values between other non-nil values),
+then <code>#t</code> can be any of the indices that
+directly precedes a <b>nil</b> value
+(that is, it may consider any such <b>nil</b> value as the end of
+the array).
+
+
+
+
+
+<h3>2.5.6 - <a name="2.5.6">Precedence</a></h3><p>
+Operator precedence in Lua follows the table below,
+from lower to higher priority:
+
+<pre>
+ or
+ and
+ < > <= >= ~= ==
+ ..
+ + -
+ * / %
+ not # - (unary)
+ ^
+</pre><p>
+As usual,
+you can use parentheses to change the precedences of an expression.
+The concatenation ('<code>..</code>') and exponentiation ('<code>^</code>')
+operators are right associative.
+All other binary operators are left associative.
+
+
+
+
+
+<h3>2.5.7 - <a name="2.5.7">Table Constructors</a></h3><p>
+Table constructors are expressions that create tables.
+Every time a constructor is evaluated, a new table is created.
+A constructor can be used to create an empty table
+or to create a table and initialize some of its fields.
+The general syntax for constructors is
+
+<pre>
+ tableconstructor ::= `<b>{</b>´ [fieldlist] `<b>}</b>´
+ fieldlist ::= field {fieldsep field} [fieldsep]
+ field ::= `<b>[</b>´ exp `<b>]</b>´ `<b>=</b>´ exp | Name `<b>=</b>´ exp | exp
+ fieldsep ::= `<b>,</b>´ | `<b>;</b>´
+</pre>
+
+<p>
+Each field of the form <code>[exp1] = exp2</code> adds to the new table an entry
+with key <code>exp1</code> and value <code>exp2</code>.
+A field of the form <code>name = exp</code> is equivalent to
+<code>["name"] = exp</code>.
+Finally, fields of the form <code>exp</code> are equivalent to
+<code>[i] = exp</code>, where <code>i</code> are consecutive numerical integers,
+starting with 1.
+Fields in the other formats do not affect this counting.
+For example,
+
+<pre>
+ a = { [f(1)] = g; "x", "y"; x = 1, f(x), [30] = 23; 45 }
+</pre><p>
+is equivalent to
+
+<pre>
+ do
+ local t = {}
+ t[f(1)] = g
+ t[1] = "x" -- 1st exp
+ t[2] = "y" -- 2nd exp
+ t.x = 1 -- t["x"] = 1
+ t[3] = f(x) -- 3rd exp
+ t[30] = 23
+ t[4] = 45 -- 4th exp
+ a = t
+ end
+</pre>
+
+<p>
+If the last field in the list has the form <code>exp</code>
+and the expression is a function call or a vararg expression,
+then all values returned by this expression enter the list consecutively
+(see <a href="#2.5.8">§2.5.8</a>).
+To avoid this,
+enclose the function call or the vararg expression
+in parentheses (see <a href="#2.5">§2.5</a>).
+
+
+<p>
+The field list can have an optional trailing separator,
+as a convenience for machine-generated code.
+
+
+
+
+
+<h3>2.5.8 - <a name="2.5.8">Function Calls</a></h3><p>
+A function call in Lua has the following syntax:
+
+<pre>
+ functioncall ::= prefixexp args
+</pre><p>
+In a function call,
+first prefixexp and args are evaluated.
+If the value of prefixexp has type <em>function</em>,
+then this function is called
+with the given arguments.
+Otherwise, the prefixexp "call" metamethod is called,
+having as first parameter the value of prefixexp,
+followed by the original call arguments
+(see <a href="#2.8">§2.8</a>).
+
+
+<p>
+The form
+
+<pre>
+ functioncall ::= prefixexp `<b>:</b>´ Name args
+</pre><p>
+can be used to call "methods".
+A call <code>v:name(<em>args</em>)</code>
+is syntactic sugar for <code>v.name(v,<em>args</em>)</code>,
+except that <code>v</code> is evaluated only once.
+
+
+<p>
+Arguments have the following syntax:
+
+<pre>
+ args ::= `<b>(</b>´ [explist] `<b>)</b>´
+ args ::= tableconstructor
+ args ::= String
+</pre><p>
+All argument expressions are evaluated before the call.
+A call of the form <code>f{<em>fields</em>}</code> is
+syntactic sugar for <code>f({<em>fields</em>})</code>;
+that is, the argument list is a single new table.
+A call of the form <code>f'<em>string</em>'</code>
+(or <code>f"<em>string</em>"</code> or <code>f[[<em>string</em>]]</code>)
+is syntactic sugar for <code>f('<em>string</em>')</code>;
+that is, the argument list is a single literal string.
+
+
+<p>
+As an exception to the free-format syntax of Lua,
+you cannot put a line break before the '<code>(</code>' in a function call.
+This restriction avoids some ambiguities in the language.
+If you write
+
+<pre>
+ a = f
+ (g).x(a)
+</pre><p>
+Lua would see that as a single statement, <code>a = f(g).x(a)</code>.
+So, if you want two statements, you must add a semi-colon between them.
+If you actually want to call <code>f</code>,
+you must remove the line break before <code>(g)</code>.
+
+
+<p>
+A call of the form <code>return</code> <em>functioncall</em> is called
+a <em>tail call</em>.
+Lua implements <em>proper tail calls</em>
+(or <em>proper tail recursion</em>):
+in a tail call,
+the called function reuses the stack entry of the calling function.
+Therefore, there is no limit on the number of nested tail calls that
+a program can execute.
+However, a tail call erases any debug information about the
+calling function.
+Note that a tail call only happens with a particular syntax,
+where the <b>return</b> has one single function call as argument;
+this syntax makes the calling function return exactly
+the returns of the called function.
+So, none of the following examples are tail calls:
+
+<pre>
+ return (f(x)) -- results adjusted to 1
+ return 2 * f(x)
+ return x, f(x) -- additional results
+ f(x); return -- results discarded
+ return x or f(x) -- results adjusted to 1
+</pre>
+
+
+
+
+<h3>2.5.9 - <a name="2.5.9">Function Definitions</a></h3>
+
+<p>
+The syntax for function definition is
+
+<pre>
+ function ::= <b>function</b> funcbody
+ funcbody ::= `<b>(</b>´ [parlist] `<b>)</b>´ block <b>end</b>
+</pre>
+
+<p>
+The following syntactic sugar simplifies function definitions:
+
+<pre>
+ stat ::= <b>function</b> funcname funcbody
+ stat ::= <b>local</b> <b>function</b> Name funcbody
+ funcname ::= Name {`<b>.</b>´ Name} [`<b>:</b>´ Name]
+</pre><p>
+The statement
+
+<pre>
+ function f () <em>body</em> end
+</pre><p>
+translates to
+
+<pre>
+ f = function () <em>body</em> end
+</pre><p>
+The statement
+
+<pre>
+ function t.a.b.c.f () <em>body</em> end
+</pre><p>
+translates to
+
+<pre>
+ t.a.b.c.f = function () <em>body</em> end
+</pre><p>
+The statement
+
+<pre>
+ local function f () <em>body</em> end
+</pre><p>
+translates to
+
+<pre>
+ local f; f = function () <em>body</em> end
+</pre><p>
+<em>not</em> to
+
+<pre>
+ local f = function () <em>body</em> end
+</pre><p>
+(This only makes a difference when the body of the function
+contains references to <code>f</code>.)
+
+
+<p>
+A function definition is an executable expression,
+whose value has type <em>function</em>.
+When Lua pre-compiles a chunk,
+all its function bodies are pre-compiled too.
+Then, whenever Lua executes the function definition,
+the function is <em>instantiated</em> (or <em>closed</em>).
+This function instance (or <em>closure</em>)
+is the final value of the expression.
+Different instances of the same function
+can refer to different external local variables
+and can have different environment tables.
+
+
+<p>
+Parameters act as local variables that are
+initialized with the argument values:
+
+<pre>
+ parlist ::= namelist [`<b>,</b>´ `<b>...</b>´] | `<b>...</b>´
+</pre><p>
+When a function is called,
+the list of arguments is adjusted to
+the length of the list of parameters,
+unless the function is a variadic or <em>vararg function</em>,
+which is
+indicated by three dots ('<code>...</code>') at the end of its parameter list.
+A vararg function does not adjust its argument list;
+instead, it collects all extra arguments and supplies them
+to the function through a <em>vararg expression</em>,
+which is also written as three dots.
+The value of this expression is a list of all actual extra arguments,
+similar to a function with multiple results.
+If a vararg expression is used inside another expression
+or in the middle of a list of expressions,
+then its return list is adjusted to one element.
+If the expression is used as the last element of a list of expressions,
+then no adjustment is made
+(unless that last expression is enclosed in parentheses).
+
+
+<p>
+As an example, consider the following definitions:
+
+<pre>
+ function f(a, b) end
+ function g(a, b, ...) end
+ function r() return 1,2,3 end
+</pre><p>
+Then, we have the following mapping from arguments to parameters and
+to the vararg expression:
+
+<pre>
+ CALL PARAMETERS
+
+ f(3) a=3, b=nil
+ f(3, 4) a=3, b=4
+ f(3, 4, 5) a=3, b=4
+ f(r(), 10) a=1, b=10
+ f(r()) a=1, b=2
+
+ g(3) a=3, b=nil, ... --> (nothing)
+ g(3, 4) a=3, b=4, ... --> (nothing)
+ g(3, 4, 5, 8) a=3, b=4, ... --> 5 8
+ g(5, r()) a=5, b=1, ... --> 2 3
+</pre>
+
+<p>
+Results are returned using the <b>return</b> statement (see <a href="#2.4.4">§2.4.4</a>).
+If control reaches the end of a function
+without encountering a <b>return</b> statement,
+then the function returns with no results.
+
+
+<p>
+The <em>colon</em> syntax
+is used for defining <em>methods</em>,
+that is, functions that have an implicit extra parameter <code>self</code>.
+Thus, the statement
+
+<pre>
+ function t.a.b.c:f (<em>params</em>) <em>body</em> end
+</pre><p>
+is syntactic sugar for
+
+<pre>
+ t.a.b.c.f = function (self, <em>params</em>) <em>body</em> end
+</pre>
+
+
+
+
+
+
+<h2>2.6 - <a name="2.6">Visibility Rules</a></h2>
+
+<p>
+
+Lua is a lexically scoped language.
+The scope of variables begins at the first statement <em>after</em>
+their declaration and lasts until the end of the innermost block that
+includes the declaration.
+Consider the following example:
+
+<pre>
+ x = 10 -- global variable
+ do -- new block
+ local x = x -- new 'x', with value 10
+ print(x) --> 10
+ x = x+1
+ do -- another block
+ local x = x+1 -- another 'x'
+ print(x) --> 12
+ end
+ print(x) --> 11
+ end
+ print(x) --> 10 (the global one)
+</pre>
+
+<p>
+Notice that, in a declaration like <code>local x = x</code>,
+the new <code>x</code> being declared is not in scope yet,
+and so the second <code>x</code> refers to the outside variable.
+
+
+<p>
+Because of the lexical scoping rules,
+local variables can be freely accessed by functions
+defined inside their scope.
+A local variable used by an inner function is called
+an <em>upvalue</em>, or <em>external local variable</em>,
+inside the inner function.
+
+
+<p>
+Notice that each execution of a <b>local</b> statement
+defines new local variables.
+Consider the following example:
+
+<pre>
+ a = {}
+ local x = 20
+ for i=1,10 do
+ local y = 0
+ a[i] = function () y=y+1; return x+y end
+ end
+</pre><p>
+The loop creates ten closures
+(that is, ten instances of the anonymous function).
+Each of these closures uses a different <code>y</code> variable,
+while all of them share the same <code>x</code>.
+
+
+
+
+
+<h2>2.7 - <a name="2.7">Error Handling</a></h2>
+
+<p>
+Because Lua is an embedded extension language,
+all Lua actions start from C code in the host program
+calling a function from the Lua library (see <a href="#lua_pcall"><code>lua_pcall</code></a>).
+Whenever an error occurs during Lua compilation or execution,
+control returns to C,
+which can take appropriate measures
+(such as printing an error message).
+
+
+<p>
+Lua code can explicitly generate an error by calling the
+<a href="#pdf-error"><code>error</code></a> function.
+If you need to catch errors in Lua,
+you can use the <a href="#pdf-pcall"><code>pcall</code></a> function.
+
+
+
+
+
+<h2>2.8 - <a name="2.8">Metatables</a></h2>
+
+<p>
+Every value in Lua can have a <em>metatable</em>.
+This <em>metatable</em> is an ordinary Lua table
+that defines the behavior of the original value
+under certain special operations.
+You can change several aspects of the behavior
+of operations over a value by setting specific fields in its metatable.
+For instance, when a non-numeric value is the operand of an addition,
+Lua checks for a function in the field <code>"__add"</code> in its metatable.
+If it finds one,
+Lua calls this function to perform the addition.
+
+
+<p>
+We call the keys in a metatable <em>events</em>
+and the values <em>metamethods</em>.
+In the previous example, the event is <code>"add"</code>
+and the metamethod is the function that performs the addition.
+
+
+<p>
+You can query the metatable of any value
+through the <a href="#pdf-getmetatable"><code>getmetatable</code></a> function.
+
+
+<p>
+You can replace the metatable of tables
+through the <a href="#pdf-setmetatable"><code>setmetatable</code></a>
+function.
+You cannot change the metatable of other types from Lua
+(except by using the debug library);
+you must use the C API for that.
+
+
+<p>
+Tables and full userdata have individual metatables
+(although multiple tables and userdata can share their metatables).
+Values of all other types share one single metatable per type;
+that is, there is one single metatable for all numbers,
+one for all strings, etc.
+
+
+<p>
+A metatable controls how an object behaves in arithmetic operations,
+order comparisons, concatenation, length operation, and indexing.
+A metatable also can define a function to be called when a userdata
+is garbage collected.
+For each of these operations Lua associates a specific key
+called an <em>event</em>.
+When Lua performs one of these operations over a value,
+it checks whether this value has a metatable with the corresponding event.
+If so, the value associated with that key (the metamethod)
+controls how Lua will perform the operation.
+
+
+<p>
+Metatables control the operations listed next.
+Each operation is identified by its corresponding name.
+The key for each operation is a string with its name prefixed by
+two underscores, '<code>__</code>';
+for instance, the key for operation "add" is the
+string <code>"__add"</code>.
+The semantics of these operations is better explained by a Lua function
+describing how the interpreter executes the operation.
+
+
+<p>
+The code shown here in Lua is only illustrative;
+the real behavior is hard coded in the interpreter
+and it is much more efficient than this simulation.
+All functions used in these descriptions
+(<a href="#pdf-rawget"><code>rawget</code></a>, <a href="#pdf-tonumber"><code>tonumber</code></a>, etc.)
+are described in <a href="#5.1">§5.1</a>.
+In particular, to retrieve the metamethod of a given object,
+we use the expression
+
+<pre>
+ metatable(obj)[event]
+</pre><p>
+This should be read as
+
+<pre>
+ rawget(getmetatable(obj) or {}, event)
+</pre><p>
+
+That is, the access to a metamethod does not invoke other metamethods,
+and the access to objects with no metatables does not fail
+(it simply results in <b>nil</b>).
+
+
+
+<ul>
+
+<li><b>"add":</b>
+the <code>+</code> operation.
+
+
+
+<p>
+The function <code>getbinhandler</code> below defines how Lua chooses a handler
+for a binary operation.
+First, Lua tries the first operand.
+If its type does not define a handler for the operation,
+then Lua tries the second operand.
+
+<pre>
+ function getbinhandler (op1, op2, event)
+ return metatable(op1)[event] or metatable(op2)[event]
+ end
+</pre><p>
+By using this function,
+the behavior of the <code>op1 + op2</code> is
+
+<pre>
+ function add_event (op1, op2)
+ local o1, o2 = tonumber(op1), tonumber(op2)
+ if o1 and o2 then -- both operands are numeric?
+ return o1 + o2 -- '+' here is the primitive 'add'
+ else -- at least one of the operands is not numeric
+ local h = getbinhandler(op1, op2, "__add")
+ if h then
+ -- call the handler with both operands
+ return (h(op1, op2))
+ else -- no handler available: default behavior
+ error(···)
+ end
+ end
+ end
+</pre><p>
+</li>
+
+<li><b>"sub":</b>
+the <code>-</code> operation.
+
+Behavior similar to the "add" operation.
+</li>
+
+<li><b>"mul":</b>
+the <code>*</code> operation.
+
+Behavior similar to the "add" operation.
+</li>
+
+<li><b>"div":</b>
+the <code>/</code> operation.
+
+Behavior similar to the "add" operation.
+</li>
+
+<li><b>"mod":</b>
+the <code>%</code> operation.
+
+Behavior similar to the "add" operation,
+with the operation
+<code>o1 - floor(o1/o2)*o2</code> as the primitive operation.
+</li>
+
+<li><b>"pow":</b>
+the <code>^</code> (exponentiation) operation.
+
+Behavior similar to the "add" operation,
+with the function <code>pow</code> (from the C math library)
+as the primitive operation.
+</li>
+
+<li><b>"unm":</b>
+the unary <code>-</code> operation.
+
+
+<pre>
+ function unm_event (op)
+ local o = tonumber(op)
+ if o then -- operand is numeric?
+ return -o -- '-' here is the primitive 'unm'
+ else -- the operand is not numeric.
+ -- Try to get a handler from the operand
+ local h = metatable(op).__unm
+ if h then
+ -- call the handler with the operand
+ return (h(op))
+ else -- no handler available: default behavior
+ error(···)
+ end
+ end
+ end
+</pre><p>
+</li>
+
+<li><b>"concat":</b>
+the <code>..</code> (concatenation) operation.
+
+
+<pre>
+ function concat_event (op1, op2)
+ if (type(op1) == "string" or type(op1) == "number") and
+ (type(op2) == "string" or type(op2) == "number") then
+ return op1 .. op2 -- primitive string concatenation
+ else
+ local h = getbinhandler(op1, op2, "__concat")
+ if h then
+ return (h(op1, op2))
+ else
+ error(···)
+ end
+ end
+ end
+</pre><p>
+</li>
+
+<li><b>"len":</b>
+the <code>#</code> operation.
+
+
+<pre>
+ function len_event (op)
+ if type(op) == "string" then
+ return strlen(op) -- primitive string length
+ elseif type(op) == "table" then
+ return #op -- primitive table length
+ else
+ local h = metatable(op).__len
+ if h then
+ -- call the handler with the operand
+ return (h(op))
+ else -- no handler available: default behavior
+ error(···)
+ end
+ end
+ end
+</pre><p>
+See <a href="#2.5.5">§2.5.5</a> for a description of the length of a table.
+</li>
+
+<li><b>"eq":</b>
+the <code>==</code> operation.
+
+The function <code>getcomphandler</code> defines how Lua chooses a metamethod
+for comparison operators.
+A metamethod only is selected when both objects
+being compared have the same type
+and the same metamethod for the selected operation.
+
+<pre>
+ function getcomphandler (op1, op2, event)
+ if type(op1) ~= type(op2) then return nil end
+ local mm1 = metatable(op1)[event]
+ local mm2 = metatable(op2)[event]
+ if mm1 == mm2 then return mm1 else return nil end
+ end
+</pre><p>
+The "eq" event is defined as follows:
+
+<pre>
+ function eq_event (op1, op2)
+ if type(op1) ~= type(op2) then -- different types?
+ return false -- different objects
+ end
+ if op1 == op2 then -- primitive equal?
+ return true -- objects are equal
+ end
+ -- try metamethod
+ local h = getcomphandler(op1, op2, "__eq")
+ if h then
+ return (h(op1, op2))
+ else
+ return false
+ end
+ end
+</pre><p>
+<code>a ~= b</code> is equivalent to <code>not (a == b)</code>.
+</li>
+
+<li><b>"lt":</b>
+the <code><</code> operation.
+
+
+<pre>
+ function lt_event (op1, op2)
+ if type(op1) == "number" and type(op2) == "number" then
+ return op1 < op2 -- numeric comparison
+ elseif type(op1) == "string" and type(op2) == "string" then
+ return op1 < op2 -- lexicographic comparison
+ else
+ local h = getcomphandler(op1, op2, "__lt")
+ if h then
+ return (h(op1, op2))
+ else
+ error(···)
+ end
+ end
+ end
+</pre><p>
+<code>a > b</code> is equivalent to <code>b < a</code>.
+</li>
+
+<li><b>"le":</b>
+the <code><=</code> operation.
+
+
+<pre>
+ function le_event (op1, op2)
+ if type(op1) == "number" and type(op2) == "number" then
+ return op1 <= op2 -- numeric comparison
+ elseif type(op1) == "string" and type(op2) == "string" then
+ return op1 <= op2 -- lexicographic comparison
+ else
+ local h = getcomphandler(op1, op2, "__le")
+ if h then
+ return (h(op1, op2))
+ else
+ h = getcomphandler(op1, op2, "__lt")
+ if h then
+ return not h(op2, op1)
+ else
+ error(···)
+ end
+ end
+ end
+ end
+</pre><p>
+<code>a >= b</code> is equivalent to <code>b <= a</code>.
+Note that, in the absence of a "le" metamethod,
+Lua tries the "lt", assuming that <code>a <= b</code> is
+equivalent to <code>not (b < a)</code>.
+</li>
+
+<li><b>"index":</b>
+The indexing access <code>table[key]</code>.
+
+
+<pre>
+ function gettable_event (table, key)
+ local h
+ if type(table) == "table" then
+ local v = rawget(table, key)
+ if v ~= nil then return v end
+ h = metatable(table).__index
+ if h == nil then return nil end
+ else
+ h = metatable(table).__index
+ if h == nil then
+ error(···)
+ end
+ end
+ if type(h) == "function" then
+ return (h(table, key)) -- call the handler
+ else return h[key] -- or repeat operation on it
+ end
+ end
+</pre><p>
+</li>
+
+<li><b>"newindex":</b>
+The indexing assignment <code>table[key] = value</code>.
+
+
+<pre>
+ function settable_event (table, key, value)
+ local h
+ if type(table) == "table" then
+ local v = rawget(table, key)
+ if v ~= nil then rawset(table, key, value); return end
+ h = metatable(table).__newindex
+ if h == nil then rawset(table, key, value); return end
+ else
+ h = metatable(table).__newindex
+ if h == nil then
+ error(···)
+ end
+ end
+ if type(h) == "function" then
+ h(table, key,value) -- call the handler
+ else h[key] = value -- or repeat operation on it
+ end
+ end
+</pre><p>
+</li>
+
+<li><b>"call":</b>
+called when Lua calls a value.
+
+
+<pre>
+ function function_event (func, ...)
+ if type(func) == "function" then
+ return func(...) -- primitive call
+ else
+ local h = metatable(func).__call
+ if h then
+ return h(func, ...)
+ else
+ error(···)
+ end
+ end
+ end
+</pre><p>
+</li>
+
+</ul>
+
+
+
+
+<h2>2.9 - <a name="2.9">Environments</a></h2>
+
+<p>
+Besides metatables,
+objects of types thread, function, and userdata
+have another table associated with them,
+called their <em>environment</em>.
+Like metatables, environments are regular tables and
+multiple objects can share the same environment.
+
+
+<p>
+Threads are created sharing the environment of the creating thread.
+Userdata and C functions are created sharing the environment
+of the creating C function.
+Non-nested Lua functions
+(created by <a href="#pdf-loadfile"><code>loadfile</code></a>, <a href="#pdf-loadstring"><code>loadstring</code></a> or <a href="#pdf-load"><code>load</code></a>)
+are created sharing the environment of the creating thread.
+Nested Lua functions are created sharing the environment of
+the creating Lua function.
+
+
+<p>
+Environments associated with userdata have no meaning for Lua.
+It is only a convenience feature for programmers to associate a table to
+a userdata.
+
+
+<p>
+Environments associated with threads are called
+<em>global environments</em>.
+They are used as the default environment for threads and
+non-nested Lua functions created by the thread
+and can be directly accessed by C code (see <a href="#3.3">§3.3</a>).
+
+
+<p>
+The environment associated with a C function can be directly
+accessed by C code (see <a href="#3.3">§3.3</a>).
+It is used as the default environment for other C functions
+and userdata created by the function.
+
+
+<p>
+Environments associated with Lua functions are used to resolve
+all accesses to global variables within the function (see <a href="#2.3">§2.3</a>).
+They are used as the default environment for nested Lua functions
+created by the function.
+
+
+<p>
+You can change the environment of a Lua function or the
+running thread by calling <a href="#pdf-setfenv"><code>setfenv</code></a>.
+You can get the environment of a Lua function or the running thread
+by calling <a href="#pdf-getfenv"><code>getfenv</code></a>.
+To manipulate the environment of other objects
+(userdata, C functions, other threads) you must
+use the C API.
+
+
+
+
+
+<h2>2.10 - <a name="2.10">Garbage Collection</a></h2>
+
+<p>
+Lua performs automatic memory management.
+This means that
+you have to worry neither about allocating memory for new objects
+nor about freeing it when the objects are no longer needed.
+Lua manages memory automatically by running
+a <em>garbage collector</em> from time to time
+to collect all <em>dead objects</em>
+(that is, objects that are no longer accessible from Lua).
+All memory used by Lua is subject to automatic management:
+tables, userdata, functions, threads, strings, etc.
+
+
+<p>
+Lua implements an incremental mark-and-sweep collector.
+It uses two numbers to control its garbage-collection cycles:
+the <em>garbage-collector pause</em> and
+the <em>garbage-collector step multiplier</em>.
+Both use percentage points as units
+(so that a value of 100 means an internal value of 1).
+
+
+<p>
+The garbage-collector pause
+controls how long the collector waits before starting a new cycle.
+Larger values make the collector less aggressive.
+Values smaller than 100 mean the collector will not wait to
+start a new cycle.
+A value of 200 means that the collector waits for the total memory in use
+to double before starting a new cycle.
+
+
+<p>
+The step multiplier
+controls the relative speed of the collector relative to
+memory allocation.
+Larger values make the collector more aggressive but also increase
+the size of each incremental step.
+Values smaller than 100 make the collector too slow and
+can result in the collector never finishing a cycle.
+The default, 200, means that the collector runs at "twice"
+the speed of memory allocation.
+
+
+<p>
+You can change these numbers by calling <a href="#lua_gc"><code>lua_gc</code></a> in C
+or <a href="#pdf-collectgarbage"><code>collectgarbage</code></a> in Lua.
+With these functions you can also control
+the collector directly (e.g., stop and restart it).
+
+
+
+<h3>2.10.1 - <a name="2.10.1">Garbage-Collection Metamethods</a></h3>
+
+<p>
+Using the C API,
+you can set garbage-collector metamethods for userdata (see <a href="#2.8">§2.8</a>).
+These metamethods are also called <em>finalizers</em>.
+Finalizers allow you to coordinate Lua's garbage collection
+with external resource management
+(such as closing files, network or database connections,
+or freeing your own memory).
+
+
+<p>
+Garbage userdata with a field <code>__gc</code> in their metatables are not
+collected immediately by the garbage collector.
+Instead, Lua puts them in a list.
+After the collection,
+Lua does the equivalent of the following function
+for each userdata in that list:
+
+<pre>
+ function gc_event (udata)
+ local h = metatable(udata).__gc
+ if h then
+ h(udata)
+ end
+ end
+</pre>
+
+<p>
+At the end of each garbage-collection cycle,
+the finalizers for userdata are called in <em>reverse</em>
+order of their creation,
+among those collected in that cycle.
+That is, the first finalizer to be called is the one associated
+with the userdata created last in the program.
+The userdata itself is freed only in the next garbage-collection cycle.
+
+
+
+
+
+<h3>2.10.2 - <a name="2.10.2">Weak Tables</a></h3>
+
+<p>
+A <em>weak table</em> is a table whose elements are
+<em>weak references</em>.
+A weak reference is ignored by the garbage collector.
+In other words,
+if the only references to an object are weak references,
+then the garbage collector will collect this object.
+
+
+<p>
+A weak table can have weak keys, weak values, or both.
+A table with weak keys allows the collection of its keys,
+but prevents the collection of its values.
+A table with both weak keys and weak values allows the collection of
+both keys and values.
+In any case, if either the key or the value is collected,
+the whole pair is removed from the table.
+The weakness of a table is controlled by the
+<code>__mode</code> field of its metatable.
+If the <code>__mode</code> field is a string containing the character '<code>k</code>',
+the keys in the table are weak.
+If <code>__mode</code> contains '<code>v</code>',
+the values in the table are weak.
+
+
+<p>
+After you use a table as a metatable,
+you should not change the value of its <code>__mode</code> field.
+Otherwise, the weak behavior of the tables controlled by this
+metatable is undefined.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+<h2>2.11 - <a name="2.11">Coroutines</a></h2>
+
+<p>
+Lua supports coroutines,
+also called <em>collaborative multithreading</em>.
+A coroutine in Lua represents an independent thread of execution.
+Unlike threads in multithread systems, however,
+a coroutine only suspends its execution by explicitly calling
+a yield function.
+
+
+<p>
+You create a coroutine with a call to <a href="#pdf-coroutine.create"><code>coroutine.create</code></a>.
+Its sole argument is a function
+that is the main function of the coroutine.
+The <code>create</code> function only creates a new coroutine and
+returns a handle to it (an object of type <em>thread</em>);
+it does not start the coroutine execution.
+
+
+<p>
+When you first call <a href="#pdf-coroutine.resume"><code>coroutine.resume</code></a>,
+passing as its first argument
+a thread returned by <a href="#pdf-coroutine.create"><code>coroutine.create</code></a>,
+the coroutine starts its execution,
+at the first line of its main function.
+Extra arguments passed to <a href="#pdf-coroutine.resume"><code>coroutine.resume</code></a> are passed on
+to the coroutine main function.
+After the coroutine starts running,
+it runs until it terminates or <em>yields</em>.
+
+
+<p>
+A coroutine can terminate its execution in two ways:
+normally, when its main function returns
+(explicitly or implicitly, after the last instruction);
+and abnormally, if there is an unprotected error.
+In the first case, <a href="#pdf-coroutine.resume"><code>coroutine.resume</code></a> returns <b>true</b>,
+plus any values returned by the coroutine main function.
+In case of errors, <a href="#pdf-coroutine.resume"><code>coroutine.resume</code></a> returns <b>false</b>
+plus an error message.
+
+
+<p>
+A coroutine yields by calling <a href="#pdf-coroutine.yield"><code>coroutine.yield</code></a>.
+When a coroutine yields,
+the corresponding <a href="#pdf-coroutine.resume"><code>coroutine.resume</code></a> returns immediately,
+even if the yield happens inside nested function calls
+(that is, not in the main function,
+but in a function directly or indirectly called by the main function).
+In the case of a yield, <a href="#pdf-coroutine.resume"><code>coroutine.resume</code></a> also returns <b>true</b>,
+plus any values passed to <a href="#pdf-coroutine.yield"><code>coroutine.yield</code></a>.
+The next time you resume the same coroutine,
+it continues its execution from the point where it yielded,
+with the call to <a href="#pdf-coroutine.yield"><code>coroutine.yield</code></a> returning any extra
+arguments passed to <a href="#pdf-coroutine.resume"><code>coroutine.resume</code></a>.
+
+
+<p>
+Like <a href="#pdf-coroutine.create"><code>coroutine.create</code></a>,
+the <a href="#pdf-coroutine.wrap"><code>coroutine.wrap</code></a> function also creates a coroutine,
+but instead of returning the coroutine itself,
+it returns a function that, when called, resumes the coroutine.
+Any arguments passed to this function
+go as extra arguments to <a href="#pdf-coroutine.resume"><code>coroutine.resume</code></a>.
+<a href="#pdf-coroutine.wrap"><code>coroutine.wrap</code></a> returns all the values returned by <a href="#pdf-coroutine.resume"><code>coroutine.resume</code></a>,
+except the first one (the boolean error code).
+Unlike <a href="#pdf-coroutine.resume"><code>coroutine.resume</code></a>,
+<a href="#pdf-coroutine.wrap"><code>coroutine.wrap</code></a> does not catch errors;
+any error is propagated to the caller.
+
+
+<p>
+As an example,
+consider the following code:
+
+<pre>
+ function foo (a)
+ print("foo", a)
+ return coroutine.yield(2*a)
+ end
+
+ co = coroutine.create(function (a,b)
+ print("co-body", a, b)
+ local r = foo(a+1)
+ print("co-body", r)
+ local r, s = coroutine.yield(a+b, a-b)
+ print("co-body", r, s)
+ return b, "end"
+ end)
+
+ print("main", coroutine.resume(co, 1, 10))
+ print("main", coroutine.resume(co, "r"))
+ print("main", coroutine.resume(co, "x", "y"))
+ print("main", coroutine.resume(co, "x", "y"))
+</pre><p>
+When you run it, it produces the following output:
+
+<pre>
+ co-body 1 10
+ foo 2
+
+ main true 4
+ co-body r
+ main true 11 -9
+ co-body x y
+ main true 10 end
+ main false cannot resume dead coroutine
+</pre>
+
+
+
+
+<h1>3 - <a name="3">The Application Program Interface</a></h1>
+
+<p>
+
+This section describes the C API for Lua, that is,
+the set of C functions available to the host program to communicate
+with Lua.
+All API functions and related types and constants
+are declared in the header file <a name="pdf-lua.h"><code>lua.h</code></a>.
+
+
+<p>
+Even when we use the term "function",
+any facility in the API may be provided as a macro instead.
+All such macros use each of their arguments exactly once
+(except for the first argument, which is always a Lua state),
+and so do not generate any hidden side-effects.
+
+
+<p>
+As in most C libraries,
+the Lua API functions do not check their arguments for validity or consistency.
+However, you can change this behavior by compiling Lua
+with a proper definition for the macro <a name="pdf-luai_apicheck"><code>luai_apicheck</code></a>,
+in file <code>luaconf.h</code>.
+
+
+
+<h2>3.1 - <a name="3.1">The Stack</a></h2>
+
+<p>
+Lua uses a <em>virtual stack</em> to pass values to and from C.
+Each element in this stack represents a Lua value
+(<b>nil</b>, number, string, etc.).
+
+
+<p>
+Whenever Lua calls C, the called function gets a new stack,
+which is independent of previous stacks and of stacks of
+C functions that are still active.
+This stack initially contains any arguments to the C function
+and it is where the C function pushes its results
+to be returned to the caller (see <a href="#lua_CFunction"><code>lua_CFunction</code></a>).
+
+
+<p>
+For convenience,
+most query operations in the API do not follow a strict stack discipline.
+Instead, they can refer to any element in the stack
+by using an <em>index</em>:
+A positive index represents an <em>absolute</em> stack position
+(starting at 1);
+a negative index represents an <em>offset</em> relative to the top of the stack.
+More specifically, if the stack has <em>n</em> elements,
+then index 1 represents the first element
+(that is, the element that was pushed onto the stack first)
+and
+index <em>n</em> represents the last element;
+index -1 also represents the last element
+(that is, the element at the top)
+and index <em>-n</em> represents the first element.
+We say that an index is <em>valid</em>
+if it lies between 1 and the stack top
+(that is, if <code>1 ≤ abs(index) ≤ top</code>).
+
+
+
+
+
+
+<h2>3.2 - <a name="3.2">Stack Size</a></h2>
+
+<p>
+When you interact with Lua API,
+you are responsible for ensuring consistency.
+In particular,
+<em>you are responsible for controlling stack overflow</em>.
+You can use the function <a href="#lua_checkstack"><code>lua_checkstack</code></a>
+to grow the stack size.
+
+
+<p>
+Whenever Lua calls C,
+it ensures that at least <a name="pdf-LUA_MINSTACK"><code>LUA_MINSTACK</code></a> stack positions are available.
+<code>LUA_MINSTACK</code> is defined as 20,
+so that usually you do not have to worry about stack space
+unless your code has loops pushing elements onto the stack.
+
+
+<p>
+Most query functions accept as indices any value inside the
+available stack space, that is, indices up to the maximum stack size
+you have set through <a href="#lua_checkstack"><code>lua_checkstack</code></a>.
+Such indices are called <em>acceptable indices</em>.
+More formally, we define an <em>acceptable index</em>
+as follows:
+
+<pre>
+ (index < 0 && abs(index) <= top) ||
+ (index > 0 && index <= stackspace)
+</pre><p>
+Note that 0 is never an acceptable index.
+
+
+
+
+
+<h2>3.3 - <a name="3.3">Pseudo-Indices</a></h2>
+
+<p>
+Unless otherwise noted,
+any function that accepts valid indices can also be called with
+<em>pseudo-indices</em>,
+which represent some Lua values that are accessible to C code
+but which are not in the stack.
+Pseudo-indices are used to access the thread environment,
+the function environment,
+the registry,
+and the upvalues of a C function (see <a href="#3.4">§3.4</a>).
+
+
+<p>
+The thread environment (where global variables live) is
+always at pseudo-index <a name="pdf-LUA_GLOBALSINDEX"><code>LUA_GLOBALSINDEX</code></a>.
+The environment of the running C function is always
+at pseudo-index <a name="pdf-LUA_ENVIRONINDEX"><code>LUA_ENVIRONINDEX</code></a>.
+
+
+<p>
+To access and change the value of global variables,
+you can use regular table operations over an environment table.
+For instance, to access the value of a global variable, do
+
+<pre>
+ lua_getfield(L, LUA_GLOBALSINDEX, varname);
+</pre>
+
+
+
+
+<h2>3.4 - <a name="3.4">C Closures</a></h2>
+
+<p>
+When a C function is created,
+it is possible to associate some values with it,
+thus creating a <em>C closure</em>;
+these values are called <em>upvalues</em> and are
+accessible to the function whenever it is called
+(see <a href="#lua_pushcclosure"><code>lua_pushcclosure</code></a>).
+
+
+<p>
+Whenever a C function is called,
+its upvalues are located at specific pseudo-indices.
+These pseudo-indices are produced by the macro
+<a name="lua_upvalueindex"><code>lua_upvalueindex</code></a>.
+The first value associated with a function is at position
+<code>lua_upvalueindex(1)</code>, and so on.
+Any access to <code>lua_upvalueindex(<em>n</em>)</code>,
+where <em>n</em> is greater than the number of upvalues of the
+current function (but not greater than 256),
+produces an acceptable (but invalid) index.
+
+
+
+
+
+<h2>3.5 - <a name="3.5">Registry</a></h2>
+
+<p>
+Lua provides a <em>registry</em>,
+a pre-defined table that can be used by any C code to
+store whatever Lua value it needs to store.
+This table is always located at pseudo-index
+<a name="pdf-LUA_REGISTRYINDEX"><code>LUA_REGISTRYINDEX</code></a>.
+Any C library can store data into this table,
+but it should take care to choose keys different from those used
+by other libraries, to avoid collisions.
+Typically, you should use as key a string containing your library name
+or a light userdata with the address of a C object in your code.
+
+
+<p>
+The integer keys in the registry are used by the reference mechanism,
+implemented by the auxiliary library,
+and therefore should not be used for other purposes.
+
+
+
+
+
+<h2>3.6 - <a name="3.6">Error Handling in C</a></h2>
+
+<p>
+Internally, Lua uses the C <code>longjmp</code> facility to handle errors.
+(You can also choose to use exceptions if you use C++;
+see file <code>luaconf.h</code>.)
+When Lua faces any error
+(such as memory allocation errors, type errors, syntax errors,
+and runtime errors)
+it <em>raises</em> an error;
+that is, it does a long jump.
+A <em>protected environment</em> uses <code>setjmp</code>
+to set a recover point;
+any error jumps to the most recent active recover point.
+
+
+<p>
+Most functions in the API can throw an error,
+for instance due to a memory allocation error.
+The documentation for each function indicates whether
+it can throw errors.
+
+
+<p>
+Inside a C function you can throw an error by calling <a href="#lua_error"><code>lua_error</code></a>.
+
+
+
+
+
+<h2>3.7 - <a name="3.7">Functions and Types</a></h2>
+
+<p>
+Here we list all functions and types from the C API in
+alphabetical order.
+Each function has an indicator like this:
+<span class="apii">[-o, +p, <em>x</em>]</span>
+
+
+<p>
+The first field, <code>o</code>,
+is how many elements the function pops from the stack.
+The second field, <code>p</code>,
+is how many elements the function pushes onto the stack.
+(Any function always pushes its results after popping its arguments.)
+A field in the form <code>x|y</code> means the function can push (or pop)
+<code>x</code> or <code>y</code> elements,
+depending on the situation;
+an interrogation mark '<code>?</code>' means that
+we cannot know how many elements the function pops/pushes
+by looking only at its arguments
+(e.g., they may depend on what is on the stack).
+The third field, <code>x</code>,
+tells whether the function may throw errors:
+'<code>-</code>' means the function never throws any error;
+'<code>m</code>' means the function may throw an error
+only due to not enough memory;
+'<code>e</code>' means the function may throw other kinds of errors;
+'<code>v</code>' means the function may throw an error on purpose.
+
+
+
+<hr><h3><a name="lua_Alloc"><code>lua_Alloc</code></a></h3>
+<pre>typedef void * (*lua_Alloc) (void *ud,
+ void *ptr,
+ size_t osize,
+ size_t nsize);</pre>
+
+<p>
+The type of the memory-allocation function used by Lua states.
+The allocator function must provide a
+functionality similar to <code>realloc</code>,
+but not exactly the same.
+Its arguments are
+<code>ud</code>, an opaque pointer passed to <a href="#lua_newstate"><code>lua_newstate</code></a>;
+<code>ptr</code>, a pointer to the block being allocated/reallocated/freed;
+<code>osize</code>, the original size of the block;
+<code>nsize</code>, the new size of the block.
+<code>ptr</code> is <code>NULL</code> if and only if <code>osize</code> is zero.
+When <code>nsize</code> is zero, the allocator must return <code>NULL</code>;
+if <code>osize</code> is not zero,
+it should free the block pointed to by <code>ptr</code>.
+When <code>nsize</code> is not zero, the allocator returns <code>NULL</code>
+if and only if it cannot fill the request.
+When <code>nsize</code> is not zero and <code>osize</code> is zero,
+the allocator should behave like <code>malloc</code>.
+When <code>nsize</code> and <code>osize</code> are not zero,
+the allocator behaves like <code>realloc</code>.
+Lua assumes that the allocator never fails when
+<code>osize >= nsize</code>.
+
+
+<p>
+Here is a simple implementation for the allocator function.
+It is used in the auxiliary library by <a href="#luaL_newstate"><code>luaL_newstate</code></a>.
+
+<pre>
+ static void *l_alloc (void *ud, void *ptr, size_t osize,
+ size_t nsize) {
+ (void)ud; (void)osize; /* not used */
+ if (nsize == 0) {
+ free(ptr);
+ return NULL;
+ }
+ else
+ return realloc(ptr, nsize);
+ }
+</pre><p>
+This code assumes
+that <code>free(NULL)</code> has no effect and that
+<code>realloc(NULL, size)</code> is equivalent to <code>malloc(size)</code>.
+ANSI C ensures both behaviors.
+
+
+
+
+
+<hr><h3><a name="lua_atpanic"><code>lua_atpanic</code></a></h3><p>
+<span class="apii">[-0, +0, <em>-</em>]</span>
+<pre>lua_CFunction lua_atpanic (lua_State *L, lua_CFunction panicf);</pre>
+
+<p>
+Sets a new panic function and returns the old one.
+
+
+<p>
+If an error happens outside any protected environment,
+Lua calls a <em>panic function</em>
+and then calls <code>exit(EXIT_FAILURE)</code>,
+thus exiting the host application.
+Your panic function can avoid this exit by
+never returning (e.g., doing a long jump).
+
+
+<p>
+The panic function can access the error message at the top of the stack.
+
+
+
+
+
+<hr><h3><a name="lua_call"><code>lua_call</code></a></h3><p>
+<span class="apii">[-(nargs + 1), +nresults, <em>e</em>]</span>
+<pre>void lua_call (lua_State *L, int nargs, int nresults);</pre>
+
+<p>
+Calls a function.
+
+
+<p>
+To call a function you must use the following protocol:
+first, the function to be called is pushed onto the stack;
+then, the arguments to the function are pushed
+in direct order;
+that is, the first argument is pushed first.
+Finally you call <a href="#lua_call"><code>lua_call</code></a>;
+<code>nargs</code> is the number of arguments that you pushed onto the stack.
+All arguments and the function value are popped from the stack
+when the function is called.
+The function results are pushed onto the stack when the function returns.
+The number of results is adjusted to <code>nresults</code>,
+unless <code>nresults</code> is <a name="pdf-LUA_MULTRET"><code>LUA_MULTRET</code></a>.
+In this case, <em>all</em> results from the function are pushed.
+Lua takes care that the returned values fit into the stack space.
+The function results are pushed onto the stack in direct order
+(the first result is pushed first),
+so that after the call the last result is on the top of the stack.
+
+
+<p>
+Any error inside the called function is propagated upwards
+(with a <code>longjmp</code>).
+
+
+<p>
+The following example shows how the host program can do the
+equivalent to this Lua code:
+
+<pre>
+ a = f("how", t.x, 14)
+</pre><p>
+Here it is in C:
+
+<pre>
+ lua_getfield(L, LUA_GLOBALSINDEX, "f"); /* function to be called */
+ lua_pushstring(L, "how"); /* 1st argument */
+ lua_getfield(L, LUA_GLOBALSINDEX, "t"); /* table to be indexed */
+ lua_getfield(L, -1, "x"); /* push result of t.x (2nd arg) */
+ lua_remove(L, -2); /* remove 't' from the stack */
+ lua_pushinteger(L, 14); /* 3rd argument */
+ lua_call(L, 3, 1); /* call 'f' with 3 arguments and 1 result */
+ lua_setfield(L, LUA_GLOBALSINDEX, "a"); /* set global 'a' */
+</pre><p>
+Note that the code above is "balanced":
+at its end, the stack is back to its original configuration.
+This is considered good programming practice.
+
+
+
+
+
+<hr><h3><a name="lua_CFunction"><code>lua_CFunction</code></a></h3>
+<pre>typedef int (*lua_CFunction) (lua_State *L);</pre>
+
+<p>
+Type for C functions.
+
+
+<p>
+In order to communicate properly with Lua,
+a C function must use the following protocol,
+which defines the way parameters and results are passed:
+a C function receives its arguments from Lua in its stack
+in direct order (the first argument is pushed first).
+So, when the function starts,
+<code>lua_gettop(L)</code> returns the number of arguments received by the function.
+The first argument (if any) is at index 1
+and its last argument is at index <code>lua_gettop(L)</code>.
+To return values to Lua, a C function just pushes them onto the stack,
+in direct order (the first result is pushed first),
+and returns the number of results.
+Any other value in the stack below the results will be properly
+discarded by Lua.
+Like a Lua function, a C function called by Lua can also return
+many results.
+
+
+<p>
+As an example, the following function receives a variable number
+of numerical arguments and returns their average and sum:
+
+<pre>
+ static int foo (lua_State *L) {
+ int n = lua_gettop(L); /* number of arguments */
+ lua_Number sum = 0;
+ int i;
+ for (i = 1; i <= n; i++) {
+ if (!lua_isnumber(L, i)) {
+ lua_pushstring(L, "incorrect argument");
+ lua_error(L);
+ }
+ sum += lua_tonumber(L, i);
+ }
+ lua_pushnumber(L, sum/n); /* first result */
+ lua_pushnumber(L, sum); /* second result */
+ return 2; /* number of results */
+ }
+</pre>
+
+
+
+
+<hr><h3><a name="lua_checkstack"><code>lua_checkstack</code></a></h3><p>
+<span class="apii">[-0, +0, <em>m</em>]</span>
+<pre>int lua_checkstack (lua_State *L, int extra);</pre>
+
+<p>
+Ensures that there are at least <code>extra</code> free stack slots in the stack.
+It returns false if it cannot grow the stack to that size.
+This function never shrinks the stack;
+if the stack is already larger than the new size,
+it is left unchanged.
+
+
+
+
+
+<hr><h3><a name="lua_close"><code>lua_close</code></a></h3><p>
+<span class="apii">[-0, +0, <em>-</em>]</span>
+<pre>void lua_close (lua_State *L);</pre>
+
+<p>
+Destroys all objects in the given Lua state
+(calling the corresponding garbage-collection metamethods, if any)
+and frees all dynamic memory used by this state.
+On several platforms, you may not need to call this function,
+because all resources are naturally released when the host program ends.
+On the other hand, long-running programs,
+such as a daemon or a web server,
+might need to release states as soon as they are not needed,
+to avoid growing too large.
+
+
+
+
+
+<hr><h3><a name="lua_concat"><code>lua_concat</code></a></h3><p>
+<span class="apii">[-n, +1, <em>e</em>]</span>
+<pre>void lua_concat (lua_State *L, int n);</pre>
+
+<p>
+Concatenates the <code>n</code> values at the top of the stack,
+pops them, and leaves the result at the top.
+If <code>n</code> is 1, the result is the single value on the stack
+(that is, the function does nothing);
+if <code>n</code> is 0, the result is the empty string.
+Concatenation is performed following the usual semantics of Lua
+(see <a href="#2.5.4">§2.5.4</a>).
+
+
+
+
+
+<hr><h3><a name="lua_cpcall"><code>lua_cpcall</code></a></h3><p>
+<span class="apii">[-0, +(0|1), <em>-</em>]</span>
+<pre>int lua_cpcall (lua_State *L, lua_CFunction func, void *ud);</pre>
+
+<p>
+Calls the C function <code>func</code> in protected mode.
+<code>func</code> starts with only one element in its stack,
+a light userdata containing <code>ud</code>.
+In case of errors,
+<a href="#lua_cpcall"><code>lua_cpcall</code></a> returns the same error codes as <a href="#lua_pcall"><code>lua_pcall</code></a>,
+plus the error object on the top of the stack;
+otherwise, it returns zero, and does not change the stack.
+All values returned by <code>func</code> are discarded.
+
+
+
+
+
+<hr><h3><a name="lua_createtable"><code>lua_createtable</code></a></h3><p>
+<span class="apii">[-0, +1, <em>m</em>]</span>
+<pre>void lua_createtable (lua_State *L, int narr, int nrec);</pre>
+
+<p>
+Creates a new empty table and pushes it onto the stack.
+The new table has space pre-allocated
+for <code>narr</code> array elements and <code>nrec</code> non-array elements.
+This pre-allocation is useful when you know exactly how many elements
+the table will have.
+Otherwise you can use the function <a href="#lua_newtable"><code>lua_newtable</code></a>.
+
+
+
+
+
+<hr><h3><a name="lua_dump"><code>lua_dump</code></a></h3><p>
+<span class="apii">[-0, +0, <em>m</em>]</span>
+<pre>int lua_dump (lua_State *L, lua_Writer writer, void *data);</pre>
+
+<p>
+Dumps a function as a binary chunk.
+Receives a Lua function on the top of the stack
+and produces a binary chunk that,
+if loaded again,
+results in a function equivalent to the one dumped.
+As it produces parts of the chunk,
+<a href="#lua_dump"><code>lua_dump</code></a> calls function <code>writer</code> (see <a href="#lua_Writer"><code>lua_Writer</code></a>)
+with the given <code>data</code>
+to write them.
+
+
+<p>
+The value returned is the error code returned by the last
+call to the writer;
+0 means no errors.
+
+
+<p>
+This function does not pop the Lua function from the stack.
+
+
+
+
+
+<hr><h3><a name="lua_equal"><code>lua_equal</code></a></h3><p>
+<span class="apii">[-0, +0, <em>e</em>]</span>
+<pre>int lua_equal (lua_State *L, int index1, int index2);</pre>
+
+<p>
+Returns 1 if the two values in acceptable indices <code>index1</code> and
+<code>index2</code> are equal,
+following the semantics of the Lua <code>==</code> operator
+(that is, may call metamethods).
+Otherwise returns 0.
+Also returns 0 if any of the indices is non valid.
+
+
+
+
+
+<hr><h3><a name="lua_error"><code>lua_error</code></a></h3><p>
+<span class="apii">[-1, +0, <em>v</em>]</span>
+<pre>int lua_error (lua_State *L);</pre>
+
+<p>
+Generates a Lua error.
+The error message (which can actually be a Lua value of any type)
+must be on the stack top.
+This function does a long jump,
+and therefore never returns.
+(see <a href="#luaL_error"><code>luaL_error</code></a>).
+
+
+
+
+
+<hr><h3><a name="lua_gc"><code>lua_gc</code></a></h3><p>
+<span class="apii">[-0, +0, <em>e</em>]</span>
+<pre>int lua_gc (lua_State *L, int what, int data);</pre>
+
+<p>
+Controls the garbage collector.
+
+
+<p>
+This function performs several tasks,
+according to the value of the parameter <code>what</code>:
+
+<ul>
+
+<li><b><code>LUA_GCSTOP</code>:</b>
+stops the garbage collector.
+</li>
+
+<li><b><code>LUA_GCRESTART</code>:</b>
+restarts the garbage collector.
+</li>
+
+<li><b><code>LUA_GCCOLLECT</code>:</b>
+performs a full garbage-collection cycle.
+</li>
+
+<li><b><code>LUA_GCCOUNT</code>:</b>
+returns the current amount of memory (in Kbytes) in use by Lua.
+</li>
+
+<li><b><code>LUA_GCCOUNTB</code>:</b>
+returns the remainder of dividing the current amount of bytes of
+memory in use by Lua by 1024.
+</li>
+
+<li><b><code>LUA_GCSTEP</code>:</b>
+performs an incremental step of garbage collection.
+The step "size" is controlled by <code>data</code>
+(larger values mean more steps) in a non-specified way.
+If you want to control the step size
+you must experimentally tune the value of <code>data</code>.
+The function returns 1 if the step finished a
+garbage-collection cycle.
+</li>
+
+<li><b><code>LUA_GCSETPAUSE</code>:</b>
+sets <code>data</code> as the new value
+for the <em>pause</em> of the collector (see <a href="#2.10">§2.10</a>).
+The function returns the previous value of the pause.
+</li>
+
+<li><b><code>LUA_GCSETSTEPMUL</code>:</b>
+sets <code>data</code> as the new value for the <em>step multiplier</em> of
+the collector (see <a href="#2.10">§2.10</a>).
+The function returns the previous value of the step multiplier.
+</li>
+
+</ul>
+
+
+
+
+<hr><h3><a name="lua_getallocf"><code>lua_getallocf</code></a></h3><p>
+<span class="apii">[-0, +0, <em>-</em>]</span>
+<pre>lua_Alloc lua_getallocf (lua_State *L, void **ud);</pre>
+
+<p>
+Returns the memory-allocation function of a given state.
+If <code>ud</code> is not <code>NULL</code>, Lua stores in <code>*ud</code> the
+opaque pointer passed to <a href="#lua_newstate"><code>lua_newstate</code></a>.
+
+
+
+
+
+<hr><h3><a name="lua_getfenv"><code>lua_getfenv</code></a></h3><p>
+<span class="apii">[-0, +1, <em>-</em>]</span>
+<pre>void lua_getfenv (lua_State *L, int index);</pre>
+
+<p>
+Pushes onto the stack the environment table of
+the value at the given index.
+
+
+
+
+
+<hr><h3><a name="lua_getfield"><code>lua_getfield</code></a></h3><p>
+<span class="apii">[-0, +1, <em>e</em>]</span>
+<pre>void lua_getfield (lua_State *L, int index, const char *k);</pre>
+
+<p>
+Pushes onto the stack the value <code>t[k]</code>,
+where <code>t</code> is the value at the given valid index.
+As in Lua, this function may trigger a metamethod
+for the "index" event (see <a href="#2.8">§2.8</a>).
+
+
+
+
+
+<hr><h3><a name="lua_getglobal"><code>lua_getglobal</code></a></h3><p>
+<span class="apii">[-0, +1, <em>e</em>]</span>
+<pre>void lua_getglobal (lua_State *L, const char *name);</pre>
+
+<p>
+Pushes onto the stack the value of the global <code>name</code>.
+It is defined as a macro:
+
+<pre>
+ #define lua_getglobal(L,s) lua_getfield(L, LUA_GLOBALSINDEX, s)
+</pre>
+
+
+
+
+<hr><h3><a name="lua_getmetatable"><code>lua_getmetatable</code></a></h3><p>
+<span class="apii">[-0, +(0|1), <em>-</em>]</span>
+<pre>int lua_getmetatable (lua_State *L, int index);</pre>
+
+<p>
+Pushes onto the stack the metatable of the value at the given
+acceptable index.
+If the index is not valid,
+or if the value does not have a metatable,
+the function returns 0 and pushes nothing on the stack.
+
+
+
+
+
+<hr><h3><a name="lua_gettable"><code>lua_gettable</code></a></h3><p>
+<span class="apii">[-1, +1, <em>e</em>]</span>
+<pre>void lua_gettable (lua_State *L, int index);</pre>
+
+<p>
+Pushes onto the stack the value <code>t[k]</code>,
+where <code>t</code> is the value at the given valid index
+and <code>k</code> is the value at the top of the stack.
+
+
+<p>
+This function pops the key from the stack
+(putting the resulting value in its place).
+As in Lua, this function may trigger a metamethod
+for the "index" event (see <a href="#2.8">§2.8</a>).
+
+
+
+
+
+<hr><h3><a name="lua_gettop"><code>lua_gettop</code></a></h3><p>
+<span class="apii">[-0, +0, <em>-</em>]</span>
+<pre>int lua_gettop (lua_State *L);</pre>
+
+<p>
+Returns the index of the top element in the stack.
+Because indices start at 1,
+this result is equal to the number of elements in the stack
+(and so 0 means an empty stack).
+
+
+
+
+
+<hr><h3><a name="lua_insert"><code>lua_insert</code></a></h3><p>
+<span class="apii">[-1, +1, <em>-</em>]</span>
+<pre>void lua_insert (lua_State *L, int index);</pre>
+
+<p>
+Moves the top element into the given valid index,
+shifting up the elements above this index to open space.
+Cannot be called with a pseudo-index,
+because a pseudo-index is not an actual stack position.
+
+
+
+
+
+<hr><h3><a name="lua_Integer"><code>lua_Integer</code></a></h3>
+<pre>typedef ptrdiff_t lua_Integer;</pre>
+
+<p>
+The type used by the Lua API to represent integral values.
+
+
+<p>
+By default it is a <code>ptrdiff_t</code>,
+which is usually the largest signed integral type the machine handles
+"comfortably".
+
+
+
+
+
+<hr><h3><a name="lua_isboolean"><code>lua_isboolean</code></a></h3><p>
+<span class="apii">[-0, +0, <em>-</em>]</span>
+<pre>int lua_isboolean (lua_State *L, int index);</pre>
+
+<p>
+Returns 1 if the value at the given acceptable index has type boolean,
+and 0 otherwise.
+
+
+
+
+
+<hr><h3><a name="lua_iscfunction"><code>lua_iscfunction</code></a></h3><p>
+<span class="apii">[-0, +0, <em>-</em>]</span>
+<pre>int lua_iscfunction (lua_State *L, int index);</pre>
+
+<p>
+Returns 1 if the value at the given acceptable index is a C function,
+and 0 otherwise.
+
+
+
+
+
+<hr><h3><a name="lua_isfunction"><code>lua_isfunction</code></a></h3><p>
+<span class="apii">[-0, +0, <em>-</em>]</span>
+<pre>int lua_isfunction (lua_State *L, int index);</pre>
+
+<p>
+Returns 1 if the value at the given acceptable index is a function
+(either C or Lua), and 0 otherwise.
+
+
+
+
+
+<hr><h3><a name="lua_islightuserdata"><code>lua_islightuserdata</code></a></h3><p>
+<span class="apii">[-0, +0, <em>-</em>]</span>
+<pre>int lua_islightuserdata (lua_State *L, int index);</pre>
+
+<p>
+Returns 1 if the value at the given acceptable index is a light userdata,
+and 0 otherwise.
+
+
+
+
+
+<hr><h3><a name="lua_isnil"><code>lua_isnil</code></a></h3><p>
+<span class="apii">[-0, +0, <em>-</em>]</span>
+<pre>int lua_isnil (lua_State *L, int index);</pre>
+
+<p>
+Returns 1 if the value at the given acceptable index is <b>nil</b>,
+and 0 otherwise.
+
+
+
+
+
+<hr><h3><a name="lua_isnone"><code>lua_isnone</code></a></h3><p>
+<span class="apii">[-0, +0, <em>-</em>]</span>
+<pre>int lua_isnone (lua_State *L, int index);</pre>
+
+<p>
+Returns 1 if the given acceptable index is not valid
+(that is, it refers to an element outside the current stack),
+and 0 otherwise.
+
+
+
+
+
+<hr><h3><a name="lua_isnoneornil"><code>lua_isnoneornil</code></a></h3><p>
+<span class="apii">[-0, +0, <em>-</em>]</span>
+<pre>int lua_isnoneornil (lua_State *L, int index);</pre>
+
+<p>
+Returns 1 if the given acceptable index is not valid
+(that is, it refers to an element outside the current stack)
+or if the value at this index is <b>nil</b>,
+and 0 otherwise.
+
+
+
+
+
+<hr><h3><a name="lua_isnumber"><code>lua_isnumber</code></a></h3><p>
+<span class="apii">[-0, +0, <em>-</em>]</span>
+<pre>int lua_isnumber (lua_State *L, int index);</pre>
+
+<p>
+Returns 1 if the value at the given acceptable index is a number
+or a string convertible to a number,
+and 0 otherwise.
+
+
+
+
+
+<hr><h3><a name="lua_isstring"><code>lua_isstring</code></a></h3><p>
+<span class="apii">[-0, +0, <em>-</em>]</span>
+<pre>int lua_isstring (lua_State *L, int index);</pre>
+
+<p>
+Returns 1 if the value at the given acceptable index is a string
+or a number (which is always convertible to a string),
+and 0 otherwise.
+
+
+
+
+
+<hr><h3><a name="lua_istable"><code>lua_istable</code></a></h3><p>
+<span class="apii">[-0, +0, <em>-</em>]</span>
+<pre>int lua_istable (lua_State *L, int index);</pre>
+
+<p>
+Returns 1 if the value at the given acceptable index is a table,
+and 0 otherwise.
+
+
+
+
+
+<hr><h3><a name="lua_isthread"><code>lua_isthread</code></a></h3><p>
+<span class="apii">[-0, +0, <em>-</em>]</span>
+<pre>int lua_isthread (lua_State *L, int index);</pre>
+
+<p>
+Returns 1 if the value at the given acceptable index is a thread,
+and 0 otherwise.
+
+
+
+
+
+<hr><h3><a name="lua_isuserdata"><code>lua_isuserdata</code></a></h3><p>
+<span class="apii">[-0, +0, <em>-</em>]</span>
+<pre>int lua_isuserdata (lua_State *L, int index);</pre>
+
+<p>
+Returns 1 if the value at the given acceptable index is a userdata
+(either full or light), and 0 otherwise.
+
+
+
+
+
+<hr><h3><a name="lua_lessthan"><code>lua_lessthan</code></a></h3><p>
+<span class="apii">[-0, +0, <em>e</em>]</span>
+<pre>int lua_lessthan (lua_State *L, int index1, int index2);</pre>
+
+<p>
+Returns 1 if the value at acceptable index <code>index1</code> is smaller
+than the value at acceptable index <code>index2</code>,
+following the semantics of the Lua <code><</code> operator
+(that is, may call metamethods).
+Otherwise returns 0.
+Also returns 0 if any of the indices is non valid.
+
+
+
+
+
+<hr><h3><a name="lua_load"><code>lua_load</code></a></h3><p>
+<span class="apii">[-0, +1, <em>-</em>]</span>
+<pre>int lua_load (lua_State *L,
+ lua_Reader reader,
+ void *data,
+ const char *chunkname);</pre>
+
+<p>
+Loads a Lua chunk.
+If there are no errors,
+<a href="#lua_load"><code>lua_load</code></a> pushes the compiled chunk as a Lua
+function on top of the stack.
+Otherwise, it pushes an error message.
+The return values of <a href="#lua_load"><code>lua_load</code></a> are:
+
+<ul>
+
+<li><b>0:</b> no errors;</li>
+
+<li><b><a name="pdf-LUA_ERRSYNTAX"><code>LUA_ERRSYNTAX</code></a>:</b>
+syntax error during pre-compilation;</li>
+
+<li><b><a href="#pdf-LUA_ERRMEM"><code>LUA_ERRMEM</code></a>:</b>
+memory allocation error.</li>
+
+</ul>
+
+<p>
+This function only loads a chunk;
+it does not run it.
+
+
+<p>
+<a href="#lua_load"><code>lua_load</code></a> automatically detects whether the chunk is text or binary,
+and loads it accordingly (see program <code>luac</code>).
+
+
+<p>
+The <a href="#lua_load"><code>lua_load</code></a> function uses a user-supplied <code>reader</code> function
+to read the chunk (see <a href="#lua_Reader"><code>lua_Reader</code></a>).
+The <code>data</code> argument is an opaque value passed to the reader function.
+
+
+<p>
+The <code>chunkname</code> argument gives a name to the chunk,
+which is used for error messages and in debug information (see <a href="#3.8">§3.8</a>).
+
+
+
+
+
+<hr><h3><a name="lua_newstate"><code>lua_newstate</code></a></h3><p>
+<span class="apii">[-0, +0, <em>-</em>]</span>
+<pre>lua_State *lua_newstate (lua_Alloc f, void *ud);</pre>
+
+<p>
+Creates a new, independent state.
+Returns <code>NULL</code> if cannot create the state
+(due to lack of memory).
+The argument <code>f</code> is the allocator function;
+Lua does all memory allocation for this state through this function.
+The second argument, <code>ud</code>, is an opaque pointer that Lua
+simply passes to the allocator in every call.
+
+
+
+
+
+<hr><h3><a name="lua_newtable"><code>lua_newtable</code></a></h3><p>
+<span class="apii">[-0, +1, <em>m</em>]</span>
+<pre>void lua_newtable (lua_State *L);</pre>
+
+<p>
+Creates a new empty table and pushes it onto the stack.
+It is equivalent to <code>lua_createtable(L, 0, 0)</code>.
+
+
+
+
+
+<hr><h3><a name="lua_newthread"><code>lua_newthread</code></a></h3><p>
+<span class="apii">[-0, +1, <em>m</em>]</span>
+<pre>lua_State *lua_newthread (lua_State *L);</pre>
+
+<p>
+Creates a new thread, pushes it on the stack,
+and returns a pointer to a <a href="#lua_State"><code>lua_State</code></a> that represents this new thread.
+The new state returned by this function shares with the original state
+all global objects (such as tables),
+but has an independent execution stack.
+
+
+<p>
+There is no explicit function to close or to destroy a thread.
+Threads are subject to garbage collection,
+like any Lua object.
+
+
+
+
+
+<hr><h3><a name="lua_newuserdata"><code>lua_newuserdata</code></a></h3><p>
+<span class="apii">[-0, +1, <em>m</em>]</span>
+<pre>void *lua_newuserdata (lua_State *L, size_t size);</pre>
+
+<p>
+This function allocates a new block of memory with the given size,
+pushes onto the stack a new full userdata with the block address,
+and returns this address.
+
+
+<p>
+Userdata represent C values in Lua.
+A <em>full userdata</em> represents a block of memory.
+It is an object (like a table):
+you must create it, it can have its own metatable,
+and you can detect when it is being collected.
+A full userdata is only equal to itself (under raw equality).
+
+
+<p>
+When Lua collects a full userdata with a <code>gc</code> metamethod,
+Lua calls the metamethod and marks the userdata as finalized.
+When this userdata is collected again then
+Lua frees its corresponding memory.
+
+
+
+
+
+<hr><h3><a name="lua_next"><code>lua_next</code></a></h3><p>
+<span class="apii">[-1, +(2|0), <em>e</em>]</span>
+<pre>int lua_next (lua_State *L, int index);</pre>
+
+<p>
+Pops a key from the stack,
+and pushes a key-value pair from the table at the given index
+(the "next" pair after the given key).
+If there are no more elements in the table,
+then <a href="#lua_next"><code>lua_next</code></a> returns 0 (and pushes nothing).
+
+
+<p>
+A typical traversal looks like this:
+
+<pre>
+ /* table is in the stack at index 't' */
+ lua_pushnil(L); /* first key */
+ while (lua_next(L, t) != 0) {
+ /* uses 'key' (at index -2) and 'value' (at index -1) */
+ printf("%s - %s\n",
+ lua_typename(L, lua_type(L, -2)),
+ lua_typename(L, lua_type(L, -1)));
+ /* removes 'value'; keeps 'key' for next iteration */
+ lua_pop(L, 1);
+ }
+</pre>
+
+<p>
+While traversing a table,
+do not call <a href="#lua_tolstring"><code>lua_tolstring</code></a> directly on a key,
+unless you know that the key is actually a string.
+Recall that <a href="#lua_tolstring"><code>lua_tolstring</code></a> <em>changes</em>
+the value at the given index;
+this confuses the next call to <a href="#lua_next"><code>lua_next</code></a>.
+
+
+
+
+
+<hr><h3><a name="lua_Number"><code>lua_Number</code></a></h3>
+<pre>typedef double lua_Number;</pre>
+
+<p>
+The type of numbers in Lua.
+By default, it is double, but that can be changed in <code>luaconf.h</code>.
+
+
+<p>
+Through the configuration file you can change
+Lua to operate with another type for numbers (e.g., float or long).
+
+
+
+
+
+<hr><h3><a name="lua_objlen"><code>lua_objlen</code></a></h3><p>
+<span class="apii">[-0, +0, <em>-</em>]</span>
+<pre>size_t lua_objlen (lua_State *L, int index);</pre>
+
+<p>
+Returns the "length" of the value at the given acceptable index:
+for strings, this is the string length;
+for tables, this is the result of the length operator ('<code>#</code>');
+for userdata, this is the size of the block of memory allocated
+for the userdata;
+for other values, it is 0.
+
+
+
+
+
+<hr><h3><a name="lua_pcall"><code>lua_pcall</code></a></h3><p>
+<span class="apii">[-(nargs + 1), +(nresults|1), <em>-</em>]</span>
+<pre>int lua_pcall (lua_State *L, int nargs, int nresults, int errfunc);</pre>
+
+<p>
+Calls a function in protected mode.
+
+
+<p>
+Both <code>nargs</code> and <code>nresults</code> have the same meaning as
+in <a href="#lua_call"><code>lua_call</code></a>.
+If there are no errors during the call,
+<a href="#lua_pcall"><code>lua_pcall</code></a> behaves exactly like <a href="#lua_call"><code>lua_call</code></a>.
+However, if there is any error,
+<a href="#lua_pcall"><code>lua_pcall</code></a> catches it,
+pushes a single value on the stack (the error message),
+and returns an error code.
+Like <a href="#lua_call"><code>lua_call</code></a>,
+<a href="#lua_pcall"><code>lua_pcall</code></a> always removes the function
+and its arguments from the stack.
+
+
+<p>
+If <code>errfunc</code> is 0,
+then the error message returned on the stack
+is exactly the original error message.
+Otherwise, <code>errfunc</code> is the stack index of an
+<em>error handler function</em>.
+(In the current implementation, this index cannot be a pseudo-index.)
+In case of runtime errors,
+this function will be called with the error message
+and its return value will be the message returned on the stack by <a href="#lua_pcall"><code>lua_pcall</code></a>.
+
+
+<p>
+Typically, the error handler function is used to add more debug
+information to the error message, such as a stack traceback.
+Such information cannot be gathered after the return of <a href="#lua_pcall"><code>lua_pcall</code></a>,
+since by then the stack has unwound.
+
+
+<p>
+The <a href="#lua_pcall"><code>lua_pcall</code></a> function returns 0 in case of success
+or one of the following error codes
+(defined in <code>lua.h</code>):
+
+<ul>
+
+<li><b><a name="pdf-LUA_ERRRUN"><code>LUA_ERRRUN</code></a>:</b>
+a runtime error.
+</li>
+
+<li><b><a name="pdf-LUA_ERRMEM"><code>LUA_ERRMEM</code></a>:</b>
+memory allocation error.
+For such errors, Lua does not call the error handler function.
+</li>
+
+<li><b><a name="pdf-LUA_ERRERR"><code>LUA_ERRERR</code></a>:</b>
+error while running the error handler function.
+</li>
+
+</ul>
+
+
+
+
+<hr><h3><a name="lua_pop"><code>lua_pop</code></a></h3><p>
+<span class="apii">[-n, +0, <em>-</em>]</span>
+<pre>void lua_pop (lua_State *L, int n);</pre>
+
+<p>
+Pops <code>n</code> elements from the stack.
+
+
+
+
+
+<hr><h3><a name="lua_pushboolean"><code>lua_pushboolean</code></a></h3><p>
+<span class="apii">[-0, +1, <em>-</em>]</span>
+<pre>void lua_pushboolean (lua_State *L, int b);</pre>
+
+<p>
+Pushes a boolean value with value <code>b</code> onto the stack.
+
+
+
+
+
+<hr><h3><a name="lua_pushcclosure"><code>lua_pushcclosure</code></a></h3><p>
+<span class="apii">[-n, +1, <em>m</em>]</span>
+<pre>void lua_pushcclosure (lua_State *L, lua_CFunction fn, int n);</pre>
+
+<p>
+Pushes a new C closure onto the stack.
+
+
+<p>
+When a C function is created,
+it is possible to associate some values with it,
+thus creating a C closure (see <a href="#3.4">§3.4</a>);
+these values are then accessible to the function whenever it is called.
+To associate values with a C function,
+first these values should be pushed onto the stack
+(when there are multiple values, the first value is pushed first).
+Then <a href="#lua_pushcclosure"><code>lua_pushcclosure</code></a>
+is called to create and push the C function onto the stack,
+with the argument <code>n</code> telling how many values should be
+associated with the function.
+<a href="#lua_pushcclosure"><code>lua_pushcclosure</code></a> also pops these values from the stack.
+
+
+<p>
+The maximum value for <code>n</code> is 255.
+
+
+
+
+
+<hr><h3><a name="lua_pushcfunction"><code>lua_pushcfunction</code></a></h3><p>
+<span class="apii">[-0, +1, <em>m</em>]</span>
+<pre>void lua_pushcfunction (lua_State *L, lua_CFunction f);</pre>
+
+<p>
+Pushes a C function onto the stack.
+This function receives a pointer to a C function
+and pushes onto the stack a Lua value of type <code>function</code> that,
+when called, invokes the corresponding C function.
+
+
+<p>
+Any function to be registered in Lua must
+follow the correct protocol to receive its parameters
+and return its results (see <a href="#lua_CFunction"><code>lua_CFunction</code></a>).
+
+
+<p>
+<code>lua_pushcfunction</code> is defined as a macro:
+
+<pre>
+ #define lua_pushcfunction(L,f) lua_pushcclosure(L,f,0)
+</pre>
+
+
+
+
+<hr><h3><a name="lua_pushfstring"><code>lua_pushfstring</code></a></h3><p>
+<span class="apii">[-0, +1, <em>m</em>]</span>
+<pre>const char *lua_pushfstring (lua_State *L, const char *fmt, ...);</pre>
+
+<p>
+Pushes onto the stack a formatted string
+and returns a pointer to this string.
+It is similar to the C function <code>sprintf</code>,
+but has some important differences:
+
+<ul>
+
+<li>
+You do not have to allocate space for the result:
+the result is a Lua string and Lua takes care of memory allocation
+(and deallocation, through garbage collection).
+</li>
+
+<li>
+The conversion specifiers are quite restricted.
+There are no flags, widths, or precisions.
+The conversion specifiers can only be
+'<code>%%</code>' (inserts a '<code>%</code>' in the string),
+'<code>%s</code>' (inserts a zero-terminated string, with no size restrictions),
+'<code>%f</code>' (inserts a <a href="#lua_Number"><code>lua_Number</code></a>),
+'<code>%p</code>' (inserts a pointer as a hexadecimal numeral),
+'<code>%d</code>' (inserts an <code>int</code>), and
+'<code>%c</code>' (inserts an <code>int</code> as a character).
+</li>
+
+</ul>
+
+
+
+
+<hr><h3><a name="lua_pushinteger"><code>lua_pushinteger</code></a></h3><p>
+<span class="apii">[-0, +1, <em>-</em>]</span>
+<pre>void lua_pushinteger (lua_State *L, lua_Integer n);</pre>
+
+<p>
+Pushes a number with value <code>n</code> onto the stack.
+
+
+
+
+
+<hr><h3><a name="lua_pushlightuserdata"><code>lua_pushlightuserdata</code></a></h3><p>
+<span class="apii">[-0, +1, <em>-</em>]</span>
+<pre>void lua_pushlightuserdata (lua_State *L, void *p);</pre>
+
+<p>
+Pushes a light userdata onto the stack.
+
+
+<p>
+Userdata represent C values in Lua.
+A <em>light userdata</em> represents a pointer.
+It is a value (like a number):
+you do not create it, it has no individual metatable,
+and it is not collected (as it was never created).
+A light userdata is equal to "any"
+light userdata with the same C address.
+
+
+
+
+
+<hr><h3><a name="lua_pushliteral"><code>lua_pushliteral</code></a></h3><p>
+<span class="apii">[-0, +1, <em>m</em>]</span>
+<pre>void lua_pushliteral (lua_State *L, const char *s);</pre>
+
+<p>
+This macro is equivalent to <a href="#lua_pushlstring"><code>lua_pushlstring</code></a>,
+but can be used only when <code>s</code> is a literal string.
+In these cases, it automatically provides the string length.
+
+
+
+
+
+<hr><h3><a name="lua_pushlstring"><code>lua_pushlstring</code></a></h3><p>
+<span class="apii">[-0, +1, <em>m</em>]</span>
+<pre>void lua_pushlstring (lua_State *L, const char *s, size_t len);</pre>
+
+<p>
+Pushes the string pointed to by <code>s</code> with size <code>len</code>
+onto the stack.
+Lua makes (or reuses) an internal copy of the given string,
+so the memory at <code>s</code> can be freed or reused immediately after
+the function returns.
+The string can contain embedded zeros.
+
+
+
+
+
+<hr><h3><a name="lua_pushnil"><code>lua_pushnil</code></a></h3><p>
+<span class="apii">[-0, +1, <em>-</em>]</span>
+<pre>void lua_pushnil (lua_State *L);</pre>
+
+<p>
+Pushes a nil value onto the stack.
+
+
+
+
+
+<hr><h3><a name="lua_pushnumber"><code>lua_pushnumber</code></a></h3><p>
+<span class="apii">[-0, +1, <em>-</em>]</span>
+<pre>void lua_pushnumber (lua_State *L, lua_Number n);</pre>
+
+<p>
+Pushes a number with value <code>n</code> onto the stack.
+
+
+
+
+
+<hr><h3><a name="lua_pushstring"><code>lua_pushstring</code></a></h3><p>
+<span class="apii">[-0, +1, <em>m</em>]</span>
+<pre>void lua_pushstring (lua_State *L, const char *s);</pre>
+
+<p>
+Pushes the zero-terminated string pointed to by <code>s</code>
+onto the stack.
+Lua makes (or reuses) an internal copy of the given string,
+so the memory at <code>s</code> can be freed or reused immediately after
+the function returns.
+The string cannot contain embedded zeros;
+it is assumed to end at the first zero.
+
+
+
+
+
+<hr><h3><a name="lua_pushthread"><code>lua_pushthread</code></a></h3><p>
+<span class="apii">[-0, +1, <em>-</em>]</span>
+<pre>int lua_pushthread (lua_State *L);</pre>
+
+<p>
+Pushes the thread represented by <code>L</code> onto the stack.
+Returns 1 if this thread is the main thread of its state.
+
+
+
+
+
+<hr><h3><a name="lua_pushvalue"><code>lua_pushvalue</code></a></h3><p>
+<span class="apii">[-0, +1, <em>-</em>]</span>
+<pre>void lua_pushvalue (lua_State *L, int index);</pre>
+
+<p>
+Pushes a copy of the element at the given valid index
+onto the stack.
+
+
+
+
+
+<hr><h3><a name="lua_pushvfstring"><code>lua_pushvfstring</code></a></h3><p>
+<span class="apii">[-0, +1, <em>m</em>]</span>
+<pre>const char *lua_pushvfstring (lua_State *L,
+ const char *fmt,
+ va_list argp);</pre>
+
+<p>
+Equivalent to <a href="#lua_pushfstring"><code>lua_pushfstring</code></a>, except that it receives a <code>va_list</code>
+instead of a variable number of arguments.
+
+
+
+
+
+<hr><h3><a name="lua_rawequal"><code>lua_rawequal</code></a></h3><p>
+<span class="apii">[-0, +0, <em>-</em>]</span>
+<pre>int lua_rawequal (lua_State *L, int index1, int index2);</pre>
+
+<p>
+Returns 1 if the two values in acceptable indices <code>index1</code> and
+<code>index2</code> are primitively equal
+(that is, without calling metamethods).
+Otherwise returns 0.
+Also returns 0 if any of the indices are non valid.
+
+
+
+
+
+<hr><h3><a name="lua_rawget"><code>lua_rawget</code></a></h3><p>
+<span class="apii">[-1, +1, <em>-</em>]</span>
+<pre>void lua_rawget (lua_State *L, int index);</pre>
+
+<p>
+Similar to <a href="#lua_gettable"><code>lua_gettable</code></a>, but does a raw access
+(i.e., without metamethods).
+
+
+
+
+
+<hr><h3><a name="lua_rawgeti"><code>lua_rawgeti</code></a></h3><p>
+<span class="apii">[-0, +1, <em>-</em>]</span>
+<pre>void lua_rawgeti (lua_State *L, int index, int n);</pre>
+
+<p>
+Pushes onto the stack the value <code>t[n]</code>,
+where <code>t</code> is the value at the given valid index.
+The access is raw;
+that is, it does not invoke metamethods.
+
+
+
+
+
+<hr><h3><a name="lua_rawset"><code>lua_rawset</code></a></h3><p>
+<span class="apii">[-2, +0, <em>m</em>]</span>
+<pre>void lua_rawset (lua_State *L, int index);</pre>
+
+<p>
+Similar to <a href="#lua_settable"><code>lua_settable</code></a>, but does a raw assignment
+(i.e., without metamethods).
+
+
+
+
+
+<hr><h3><a name="lua_rawseti"><code>lua_rawseti</code></a></h3><p>
+<span class="apii">[-1, +0, <em>m</em>]</span>
+<pre>void lua_rawseti (lua_State *L, int index, int n);</pre>
+
+<p>
+Does the equivalent of <code>t[n] = v</code>,
+where <code>t</code> is the value at the given valid index
+and <code>v</code> is the value at the top of the stack.
+
+
+<p>
+This function pops the value from the stack.
+The assignment is raw;
+that is, it does not invoke metamethods.
+
+
+
+
+
+<hr><h3><a name="lua_Reader"><code>lua_Reader</code></a></h3>
+<pre>typedef const char * (*lua_Reader) (lua_State *L,
+ void *data,
+ size_t *size);</pre>
+
+<p>
+The reader function used by <a href="#lua_load"><code>lua_load</code></a>.
+Every time it needs another piece of the chunk,
+<a href="#lua_load"><code>lua_load</code></a> calls the reader,
+passing along its <code>data</code> parameter.
+The reader must return a pointer to a block of memory
+with a new piece of the chunk
+and set <code>size</code> to the block size.
+The block must exist until the reader function is called again.
+To signal the end of the chunk,
+the reader must return <code>NULL</code> or set <code>size</code> to zero.
+The reader function may return pieces of any size greater than zero.
+
+
+
+
+
+<hr><h3><a name="lua_register"><code>lua_register</code></a></h3><p>
+<span class="apii">[-0, +0, <em>e</em>]</span>
+<pre>void lua_register (lua_State *L,
+ const char *name,
+ lua_CFunction f);</pre>
+
+<p>
+Sets the C function <code>f</code> as the new value of global <code>name</code>.
+It is defined as a macro:
+
+<pre>
+ #define lua_register(L,n,f) \
+ (lua_pushcfunction(L, f), lua_setglobal(L, n))
+</pre>
+
+
+
+
+<hr><h3><a name="lua_remove"><code>lua_remove</code></a></h3><p>
+<span class="apii">[-1, +0, <em>-</em>]</span>
+<pre>void lua_remove (lua_State *L, int index);</pre>
+
+<p>
+Removes the element at the given valid index,
+shifting down the elements above this index to fill the gap.
+Cannot be called with a pseudo-index,
+because a pseudo-index is not an actual stack position.
+
+
+
+
+
+<hr><h3><a name="lua_replace"><code>lua_replace</code></a></h3><p>
+<span class="apii">[-1, +0, <em>-</em>]</span>
+<pre>void lua_replace (lua_State *L, int index);</pre>
+
+<p>
+Moves the top element into the given position (and pops it),
+without shifting any element
+(therefore replacing the value at the given position).
+
+
+
+
+
+<hr><h3><a name="lua_resume"><code>lua_resume</code></a></h3><p>
+<span class="apii">[-?, +?, <em>-</em>]</span>
+<pre>int lua_resume (lua_State *L, int narg);</pre>
+
+<p>
+Starts and resumes a coroutine in a given thread.
+
+
+<p>
+To start a coroutine, you first create a new thread
+(see <a href="#lua_newthread"><code>lua_newthread</code></a>);
+then you push onto its stack the main function plus any arguments;
+then you call <a href="#lua_resume"><code>lua_resume</code></a>,
+with <code>narg</code> being the number of arguments.
+This call returns when the coroutine suspends or finishes its execution.
+When it returns, the stack contains all values passed to <a href="#lua_yield"><code>lua_yield</code></a>,
+or all values returned by the body function.
+<a href="#lua_resume"><code>lua_resume</code></a> returns
+<a href="#pdf-LUA_YIELD"><code>LUA_YIELD</code></a> if the coroutine yields,
+0 if the coroutine finishes its execution
+without errors,
+or an error code in case of errors (see <a href="#lua_pcall"><code>lua_pcall</code></a>).
+In case of errors,
+the stack is not unwound,
+so you can use the debug API over it.
+The error message is on the top of the stack.
+To restart a coroutine, you put on its stack only the values to
+be passed as results from <code>yield</code>,
+and then call <a href="#lua_resume"><code>lua_resume</code></a>.
+
+
+
+
+
+<hr><h3><a name="lua_setallocf"><code>lua_setallocf</code></a></h3><p>
+<span class="apii">[-0, +0, <em>-</em>]</span>
+<pre>void lua_setallocf (lua_State *L, lua_Alloc f, void *ud);</pre>
+
+<p>
+Changes the allocator function of a given state to <code>f</code>
+with user data <code>ud</code>.
+
+
+
+
+
+<hr><h3><a name="lua_setfenv"><code>lua_setfenv</code></a></h3><p>
+<span class="apii">[-1, +0, <em>-</em>]</span>
+<pre>int lua_setfenv (lua_State *L, int index);</pre>
+
+<p>
+Pops a table from the stack and sets it as
+the new environment for the value at the given index.
+If the value at the given index is
+neither a function nor a thread nor a userdata,
+<a href="#lua_setfenv"><code>lua_setfenv</code></a> returns 0.
+Otherwise it returns 1.
+
+
+
+
+
+<hr><h3><a name="lua_setfield"><code>lua_setfield</code></a></h3><p>
+<span class="apii">[-1, +0, <em>e</em>]</span>
+<pre>void lua_setfield (lua_State *L, int index, const char *k);</pre>
+
+<p>
+Does the equivalent to <code>t[k] = v</code>,
+where <code>t</code> is the value at the given valid index
+and <code>v</code> is the value at the top of the stack.
+
+
+<p>
+This function pops the value from the stack.
+As in Lua, this function may trigger a metamethod
+for the "newindex" event (see <a href="#2.8">§2.8</a>).
+
+
+
+
+
+<hr><h3><a name="lua_setglobal"><code>lua_setglobal</code></a></h3><p>
+<span class="apii">[-1, +0, <em>e</em>]</span>
+<pre>void lua_setglobal (lua_State *L, const char *name);</pre>
+
+<p>
+Pops a value from the stack and
+sets it as the new value of global <code>name</code>.
+It is defined as a macro:
+
+<pre>
+ #define lua_setglobal(L,s) lua_setfield(L, LUA_GLOBALSINDEX, s)
+</pre>
+
+
+
+
+<hr><h3><a name="lua_setmetatable"><code>lua_setmetatable</code></a></h3><p>
+<span class="apii">[-1, +0, <em>-</em>]</span>
+<pre>int lua_setmetatable (lua_State *L, int index);</pre>
+
+<p>
+Pops a table from the stack and
+sets it as the new metatable for the value at the given
+acceptable index.
+
+
+
+
+
+<hr><h3><a name="lua_settable"><code>lua_settable</code></a></h3><p>
+<span class="apii">[-2, +0, <em>e</em>]</span>
+<pre>void lua_settable (lua_State *L, int index);</pre>
+
+<p>
+Does the equivalent to <code>t[k] = v</code>,
+where <code>t</code> is the value at the given valid index,
+<code>v</code> is the value at the top of the stack,
+and <code>k</code> is the value just below the top.
+
+
+<p>
+This function pops both the key and the value from the stack.
+As in Lua, this function may trigger a metamethod
+for the "newindex" event (see <a href="#2.8">§2.8</a>).
+
+
+
+
+
+<hr><h3><a name="lua_settop"><code>lua_settop</code></a></h3><p>
+<span class="apii">[-?, +?, <em>-</em>]</span>
+<pre>void lua_settop (lua_State *L, int index);</pre>
+
+<p>
+Accepts any acceptable index, or 0,
+and sets the stack top to this index.
+If the new top is larger than the old one,
+then the new elements are filled with <b>nil</b>.
+If <code>index</code> is 0, then all stack elements are removed.
+
+
+
+
+
+<hr><h3><a name="lua_State"><code>lua_State</code></a></h3>
+<pre>typedef struct lua_State lua_State;</pre>
+
+<p>
+Opaque structure that keeps the whole state of a Lua interpreter.
+The Lua library is fully reentrant:
+it has no global variables.
+All information about a state is kept in this structure.
+
+
+<p>
+A pointer to this state must be passed as the first argument to
+every function in the library, except to <a href="#lua_newstate"><code>lua_newstate</code></a>,
+which creates a Lua state from scratch.
+
+
+
+
+
+<hr><h3><a name="lua_status"><code>lua_status</code></a></h3><p>
+<span class="apii">[-0, +0, <em>-</em>]</span>
+<pre>int lua_status (lua_State *L);</pre>
+
+<p>
+Returns the status of the thread <code>L</code>.
+
+
+<p>
+The status can be 0 for a normal thread,
+an error code if the thread finished its execution with an error,
+or <a name="pdf-LUA_YIELD"><code>LUA_YIELD</code></a> if the thread is suspended.
+
+
+
+
+
+<hr><h3><a name="lua_toboolean"><code>lua_toboolean</code></a></h3><p>
+<span class="apii">[-0, +0, <em>-</em>]</span>
+<pre>int lua_toboolean (lua_State *L, int index);</pre>
+
+<p>
+Converts the Lua value at the given acceptable index to a C boolean
+value (0 or 1).
+Like all tests in Lua,
+<a href="#lua_toboolean"><code>lua_toboolean</code></a> returns 1 for any Lua value
+different from <b>false</b> and <b>nil</b>;
+otherwise it returns 0.
+It also returns 0 when called with a non-valid index.
+(If you want to accept only actual boolean values,
+use <a href="#lua_isboolean"><code>lua_isboolean</code></a> to test the value's type.)
+
+
+
+
+
+<hr><h3><a name="lua_tocfunction"><code>lua_tocfunction</code></a></h3><p>
+<span class="apii">[-0, +0, <em>-</em>]</span>
+<pre>lua_CFunction lua_tocfunction (lua_State *L, int index);</pre>
+
+<p>
+Converts a value at the given acceptable index to a C function.
+That value must be a C function;
+otherwise, returns <code>NULL</code>.
+
+
+
+
+
+<hr><h3><a name="lua_tointeger"><code>lua_tointeger</code></a></h3><p>
+<span class="apii">[-0, +0, <em>-</em>]</span>
+<pre>lua_Integer lua_tointeger (lua_State *L, int index);</pre>
+
+<p>
+Converts the Lua value at the given acceptable index
+to the signed integral type <a href="#lua_Integer"><code>lua_Integer</code></a>.
+The Lua value must be a number or a string convertible to a number
+(see <a href="#2.2.1">§2.2.1</a>);
+otherwise, <a href="#lua_tointeger"><code>lua_tointeger</code></a> returns 0.
+
+
+<p>
+If the number is not an integer,
+it is truncated in some non-specified way.
+
+
+
+
+
+<hr><h3><a name="lua_tolstring"><code>lua_tolstring</code></a></h3><p>
+<span class="apii">[-0, +0, <em>m</em>]</span>
+<pre>const char *lua_tolstring (lua_State *L, int index, size_t *len);</pre>
+
+<p>
+Converts the Lua value at the given acceptable index to a C string.
+If <code>len</code> is not <code>NULL</code>,
+it also sets <code>*len</code> with the string length.
+The Lua value must be a string or a number;
+otherwise, the function returns <code>NULL</code>.
+If the value is a number,
+then <a href="#lua_tolstring"><code>lua_tolstring</code></a> also
+<em>changes the actual value in the stack to a string</em>.
+(This change confuses <a href="#lua_next"><code>lua_next</code></a>
+when <a href="#lua_tolstring"><code>lua_tolstring</code></a> is applied to keys during a table traversal.)
+
+
+<p>
+<a href="#lua_tolstring"><code>lua_tolstring</code></a> returns a fully aligned pointer
+to a string inside the Lua state.
+This string always has a zero ('<code>\0</code>')
+after its last character (as in C),
+but can contain other zeros in its body.
+Because Lua has garbage collection,
+there is no guarantee that the pointer returned by <a href="#lua_tolstring"><code>lua_tolstring</code></a>
+will be valid after the corresponding value is removed from the stack.
+
+
+
+
+
+<hr><h3><a name="lua_tonumber"><code>lua_tonumber</code></a></h3><p>
+<span class="apii">[-0, +0, <em>-</em>]</span>
+<pre>lua_Number lua_tonumber (lua_State *L, int index);</pre>
+
+<p>
+Converts the Lua value at the given acceptable index
+to the C type <a href="#lua_Number"><code>lua_Number</code></a> (see <a href="#lua_Number"><code>lua_Number</code></a>).
+The Lua value must be a number or a string convertible to a number
+(see <a href="#2.2.1">§2.2.1</a>);
+otherwise, <a href="#lua_tonumber"><code>lua_tonumber</code></a> returns 0.
+
+
+
+
+
+<hr><h3><a name="lua_topointer"><code>lua_topointer</code></a></h3><p>
+<span class="apii">[-0, +0, <em>-</em>]</span>
+<pre>const void *lua_topointer (lua_State *L, int index);</pre>
+
+<p>
+Converts the value at the given acceptable index to a generic
+C pointer (<code>void*</code>).
+The value can be a userdata, a table, a thread, or a function;
+otherwise, <a href="#lua_topointer"><code>lua_topointer</code></a> returns <code>NULL</code>.
+Different objects will give different pointers.
+There is no way to convert the pointer back to its original value.
+
+
+<p>
+Typically this function is used only for debug information.
+
+
+
+
+
+<hr><h3><a name="lua_tostring"><code>lua_tostring</code></a></h3><p>
+<span class="apii">[-0, +0, <em>m</em>]</span>
+<pre>const char *lua_tostring (lua_State *L, int index);</pre>
+
+<p>
+Equivalent to <a href="#lua_tolstring"><code>lua_tolstring</code></a> with <code>len</code> equal to <code>NULL</code>.
+
+
+
+
+
+<hr><h3><a name="lua_tothread"><code>lua_tothread</code></a></h3><p>
+<span class="apii">[-0, +0, <em>-</em>]</span>
+<pre>lua_State *lua_tothread (lua_State *L, int index);</pre>
+
+<p>
+Converts the value at the given acceptable index to a Lua thread
+(represented as <code>lua_State*</code>).
+This value must be a thread;
+otherwise, the function returns <code>NULL</code>.
+
+
+
+
+
+<hr><h3><a name="lua_touserdata"><code>lua_touserdata</code></a></h3><p>
+<span class="apii">[-0, +0, <em>-</em>]</span>
+<pre>void *lua_touserdata (lua_State *L, int index);</pre>
+
+<p>
+If the value at the given acceptable index is a full userdata,
+returns its block address.
+If the value is a light userdata,
+returns its pointer.
+Otherwise, returns <code>NULL</code>.
+
+
+
+
+
+<hr><h3><a name="lua_type"><code>lua_type</code></a></h3><p>
+<span class="apii">[-0, +0, <em>-</em>]</span>
+<pre>int lua_type (lua_State *L, int index);</pre>
+
+<p>
+Returns the type of the value in the given acceptable index,
+or <code>LUA_TNONE</code> for a non-valid index
+(that is, an index to an "empty" stack position).
+The types returned by <a href="#lua_type"><code>lua_type</code></a> are coded by the following constants
+defined in <code>lua.h</code>:
+<code>LUA_TNIL</code>,
+<code>LUA_TNUMBER</code>,
+<code>LUA_TBOOLEAN</code>,
+<code>LUA_TSTRING</code>,
+<code>LUA_TTABLE</code>,
+<code>LUA_TFUNCTION</code>,
+<code>LUA_TUSERDATA</code>,
+<code>LUA_TTHREAD</code>,
+and
+<code>LUA_TLIGHTUSERDATA</code>.
+
+
+
+
+
+<hr><h3><a name="lua_typename"><code>lua_typename</code></a></h3><p>
+<span class="apii">[-0, +0, <em>-</em>]</span>
+<pre>const char *lua_typename (lua_State *L, int tp);</pre>
+
+<p>
+Returns the name of the type encoded by the value <code>tp</code>,
+which must be one the values returned by <a href="#lua_type"><code>lua_type</code></a>.
+
+
+
+
+
+<hr><h3><a name="lua_Writer"><code>lua_Writer</code></a></h3>
+<pre>typedef int (*lua_Writer) (lua_State *L,
+ const void* p,
+ size_t sz,
+ void* ud);</pre>
+
+<p>
+The type of the writer function used by <a href="#lua_dump"><code>lua_dump</code></a>.
+Every time it produces another piece of chunk,
+<a href="#lua_dump"><code>lua_dump</code></a> calls the writer,
+passing along the buffer to be written (<code>p</code>),
+its size (<code>sz</code>),
+and the <code>data</code> parameter supplied to <a href="#lua_dump"><code>lua_dump</code></a>.
+
+
+<p>
+The writer returns an error code:
+0 means no errors;
+any other value means an error and stops <a href="#lua_dump"><code>lua_dump</code></a> from
+calling the writer again.
+
+
+
+
+
+<hr><h3><a name="lua_xmove"><code>lua_xmove</code></a></h3><p>
+<span class="apii">[-?, +?, <em>-</em>]</span>
+<pre>void lua_xmove (lua_State *from, lua_State *to, int n);</pre>
+
+<p>
+Exchange values between different threads of the <em>same</em> global state.
+
+
+<p>
+This function pops <code>n</code> values from the stack <code>from</code>,
+and pushes them onto the stack <code>to</code>.
+
+
+
+
+
+<hr><h3><a name="lua_yield"><code>lua_yield</code></a></h3><p>
+<span class="apii">[-?, +?, <em>-</em>]</span>
+<pre>int lua_yield (lua_State *L, int nresults);</pre>
+
+<p>
+Yields a coroutine.
+
+
+<p>
+This function should only be called as the
+return expression of a C function, as follows:
+
+<pre>
+ return lua_yield (L, nresults);
+</pre><p>
+When a C function calls <a href="#lua_yield"><code>lua_yield</code></a> in that way,
+the running coroutine suspends its execution,
+and the call to <a href="#lua_resume"><code>lua_resume</code></a> that started this coroutine returns.
+The parameter <code>nresults</code> is the number of values from the stack
+that are passed as results to <a href="#lua_resume"><code>lua_resume</code></a>.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+<h2>3.8 - <a name="3.8">The Debug Interface</a></h2>
+
+<p>
+Lua has no built-in debugging facilities.
+Instead, it offers a special interface
+by means of functions and <em>hooks</em>.
+This interface allows the construction of different
+kinds of debuggers, profilers, and other tools
+that need "inside information" from the interpreter.
+
+
+
+<hr><h3><a name="lua_Debug"><code>lua_Debug</code></a></h3>
+<pre>typedef struct lua_Debug {
+ int event;
+ const char *name; /* (n) */
+ const char *namewhat; /* (n) */
+ const char *what; /* (S) */
+ const char *source; /* (S) */
+ int currentline; /* (l) */
+ int nups; /* (u) number of upvalues */
+ int linedefined; /* (S) */
+ int lastlinedefined; /* (S) */
+ char short_src[LUA_IDSIZE]; /* (S) */
+ /* private part */
+ <em>other fields</em>
+} lua_Debug;</pre>
+
+<p>
+A structure used to carry different pieces of
+information about an active function.
+<a href="#lua_getstack"><code>lua_getstack</code></a> fills only the private part
+of this structure, for later use.
+To fill the other fields of <a href="#lua_Debug"><code>lua_Debug</code></a> with useful information,
+call <a href="#lua_getinfo"><code>lua_getinfo</code></a>.
+
+
+<p>
+The fields of <a href="#lua_Debug"><code>lua_Debug</code></a> have the following meaning:
+
+<ul>
+
+<li><b><code>source</code>:</b>
+If the function was defined in a string,
+then <code>source</code> is that string.
+If the function was defined in a file,
+then <code>source</code> starts with a '<code>@</code>' followed by the file name.
+</li>
+
+<li><b><code>short_src</code>:</b>
+a "printable" version of <code>source</code>, to be used in error messages.
+</li>
+
+<li><b><code>linedefined</code>:</b>
+the line number where the definition of the function starts.
+</li>
+
+<li><b><code>lastlinedefined</code>:</b>
+the line number where the definition of the function ends.
+</li>
+
+<li><b><code>what</code>:</b>
+the string <code>"Lua"</code> if the function is a Lua function,
+<code>"C"</code> if it is a C function,
+<code>"main"</code> if it is the main part of a chunk,
+and <code>"tail"</code> if it was a function that did a tail call.
+In the latter case,
+Lua has no other information about the function.
+</li>
+
+<li><b><code>currentline</code>:</b>
+the current line where the given function is executing.
+When no line information is available,
+<code>currentline</code> is set to -1.
+</li>
+
+<li><b><code>name</code>:</b>
+a reasonable name for the given function.
+Because functions in Lua are first-class values,
+they do not have a fixed name:
+some functions can be the value of multiple global variables,
+while others can be stored only in a table field.
+The <code>lua_getinfo</code> function checks how the function was
+called to find a suitable name.
+If it cannot find a name,
+then <code>name</code> is set to <code>NULL</code>.
+</li>
+
+<li><b><code>namewhat</code>:</b>
+explains the <code>name</code> field.
+The value of <code>namewhat</code> can be
+<code>"global"</code>, <code>"local"</code>, <code>"method"</code>,
+<code>"field"</code>, <code>"upvalue"</code>, or <code>""</code> (the empty string),
+according to how the function was called.
+(Lua uses the empty string when no other option seems to apply.)
+</li>
+
+<li><b><code>nups</code>:</b>
+the number of upvalues of the function.
+</li>
+
+</ul>
+
+
+
+
+<hr><h3><a name="lua_gethook"><code>lua_gethook</code></a></h3><p>
+<span class="apii">[-0, +0, <em>-</em>]</span>
+<pre>lua_Hook lua_gethook (lua_State *L);</pre>
+
+<p>
+Returns the current hook function.
+
+
+
+
+
+<hr><h3><a name="lua_gethookcount"><code>lua_gethookcount</code></a></h3><p>
+<span class="apii">[-0, +0, <em>-</em>]</span>
+<pre>int lua_gethookcount (lua_State *L);</pre>
+
+<p>
+Returns the current hook count.
+
+
+
+
+
+<hr><h3><a name="lua_gethookmask"><code>lua_gethookmask</code></a></h3><p>
+<span class="apii">[-0, +0, <em>-</em>]</span>
+<pre>int lua_gethookmask (lua_State *L);</pre>
+
+<p>
+Returns the current hook mask.
+
+
+
+
+
+<hr><h3><a name="lua_getinfo"><code>lua_getinfo</code></a></h3><p>
+<span class="apii">[-(0|1), +(0|1|2), <em>m</em>]</span>
+<pre>int lua_getinfo (lua_State *L, const char *what, lua_Debug *ar);</pre>
+
+<p>
+Returns information about a specific function or function invocation.
+
+
+<p>
+To get information about a function invocation,
+the parameter <code>ar</code> must be a valid activation record that was
+filled by a previous call to <a href="#lua_getstack"><code>lua_getstack</code></a> or
+given as argument to a hook (see <a href="#lua_Hook"><code>lua_Hook</code></a>).
+
+
+<p>
+To get information about a function you push it onto the stack
+and start the <code>what</code> string with the character '<code>></code>'.
+(In that case,
+<code>lua_getinfo</code> pops the function in the top of the stack.)
+For instance, to know in which line a function <code>f</code> was defined,
+you can write the following code:
+
+<pre>
+ lua_Debug ar;
+ lua_getfield(L, LUA_GLOBALSINDEX, "f"); /* get global 'f' */
+ lua_getinfo(L, ">S", &ar);
+ printf("%d\n", ar.linedefined);
+</pre>
+
+<p>
+Each character in the string <code>what</code>
+selects some fields of the structure <code>ar</code> to be filled or
+a value to be pushed on the stack:
+
+<ul>
+
+<li><b>'<code>n</code>':</b> fills in the field <code>name</code> and <code>namewhat</code>;
+</li>
+
+<li><b>'<code>S</code>':</b>
+fills in the fields <code>source</code>, <code>short_src</code>,
+<code>linedefined</code>, <code>lastlinedefined</code>, and <code>what</code>;
+</li>
+
+<li><b>'<code>l</code>':</b> fills in the field <code>currentline</code>;
+</li>
+
+<li><b>'<code>u</code>':</b> fills in the field <code>nups</code>;
+</li>
+
+<li><b>'<code>f</code>':</b>
+pushes onto the stack the function that is
+running at the given level;
+</li>
+
+<li><b>'<code>L</code>':</b>
+pushes onto the stack a table whose indices are the
+numbers of the lines that are valid on the function.
+(A <em>valid line</em> is a line with some associated code,
+that is, a line where you can put a break point.
+Non-valid lines include empty lines and comments.)
+</li>
+
+</ul>
+
+<p>
+This function returns 0 on error
+(for instance, an invalid option in <code>what</code>).
+
+
+
+
+
+<hr><h3><a name="lua_getlocal"><code>lua_getlocal</code></a></h3><p>
+<span class="apii">[-0, +(0|1), <em>-</em>]</span>
+<pre>const char *lua_getlocal (lua_State *L, lua_Debug *ar, int n);</pre>
+
+<p>
+Gets information about a local variable of a given activation record.
+The parameter <code>ar</code> must be a valid activation record that was
+filled by a previous call to <a href="#lua_getstack"><code>lua_getstack</code></a> or
+given as argument to a hook (see <a href="#lua_Hook"><code>lua_Hook</code></a>).
+The index <code>n</code> selects which local variable to inspect
+(1 is the first parameter or active local variable, and so on,
+until the last active local variable).
+<a href="#lua_getlocal"><code>lua_getlocal</code></a> pushes the variable's value onto the stack
+and returns its name.
+
+
+<p>
+Variable names starting with '<code>(</code>' (open parentheses)
+represent internal variables
+(loop control variables, temporaries, and C function locals).
+
+
+<p>
+Returns <code>NULL</code> (and pushes nothing)
+when the index is greater than
+the number of active local variables.
+
+
+
+
+
+<hr><h3><a name="lua_getstack"><code>lua_getstack</code></a></h3><p>
+<span class="apii">[-0, +0, <em>-</em>]</span>
+<pre>int lua_getstack (lua_State *L, int level, lua_Debug *ar);</pre>
+
+<p>
+Get information about the interpreter runtime stack.
+
+
+<p>
+This function fills parts of a <a href="#lua_Debug"><code>lua_Debug</code></a> structure with
+an identification of the <em>activation record</em>
+of the function executing at a given level.
+Level 0 is the current running function,
+whereas level <em>n+1</em> is the function that has called level <em>n</em>.
+When there are no errors, <a href="#lua_getstack"><code>lua_getstack</code></a> returns 1;
+when called with a level greater than the stack depth,
+it returns 0.
+
+
+
+
+
+<hr><h3><a name="lua_getupvalue"><code>lua_getupvalue</code></a></h3><p>
+<span class="apii">[-0, +(0|1), <em>-</em>]</span>
+<pre>const char *lua_getupvalue (lua_State *L, int funcindex, int n);</pre>
+
+<p>
+Gets information about a closure's upvalue.
+(For Lua functions,
+upvalues are the external local variables that the function uses,
+and that are consequently included in its closure.)
+<a href="#lua_getupvalue"><code>lua_getupvalue</code></a> gets the index <code>n</code> of an upvalue,
+pushes the upvalue's value onto the stack,
+and returns its name.
+<code>funcindex</code> points to the closure in the stack.
+(Upvalues have no particular order,
+as they are active through the whole function.
+So, they are numbered in an arbitrary order.)
+
+
+<p>
+Returns <code>NULL</code> (and pushes nothing)
+when the index is greater than the number of upvalues.
+For C functions, this function uses the empty string <code>""</code>
+as a name for all upvalues.
+
+
+
+
+
+<hr><h3><a name="lua_Hook"><code>lua_Hook</code></a></h3>
+<pre>typedef void (*lua_Hook) (lua_State *L, lua_Debug *ar);</pre>
+
+<p>
+Type for debugging hook functions.
+
+
+<p>
+Whenever a hook is called, its <code>ar</code> argument has its field
+<code>event</code> set to the specific event that triggered the hook.
+Lua identifies these events with the following constants:
+<a name="pdf-LUA_HOOKCALL"><code>LUA_HOOKCALL</code></a>, <a name="pdf-LUA_HOOKRET"><code>LUA_HOOKRET</code></a>,
+<a name="pdf-LUA_HOOKTAILRET"><code>LUA_HOOKTAILRET</code></a>, <a name="pdf-LUA_HOOKLINE"><code>LUA_HOOKLINE</code></a>,
+and <a name="pdf-LUA_HOOKCOUNT"><code>LUA_HOOKCOUNT</code></a>.
+Moreover, for line events, the field <code>currentline</code> is also set.
+To get the value of any other field in <code>ar</code>,
+the hook must call <a href="#lua_getinfo"><code>lua_getinfo</code></a>.
+For return events, <code>event</code> can be <code>LUA_HOOKRET</code>,
+the normal value, or <code>LUA_HOOKTAILRET</code>.
+In the latter case, Lua is simulating a return from
+a function that did a tail call;
+in this case, it is useless to call <a href="#lua_getinfo"><code>lua_getinfo</code></a>.
+
+
+<p>
+While Lua is running a hook, it disables other calls to hooks.
+Therefore, if a hook calls back Lua to execute a function or a chunk,
+this execution occurs without any calls to hooks.
+
+
+
+
+
+<hr><h3><a name="lua_sethook"><code>lua_sethook</code></a></h3><p>
+<span class="apii">[-0, +0, <em>-</em>]</span>
+<pre>int lua_sethook (lua_State *L, lua_Hook f, int mask, int count);</pre>
+
+<p>
+Sets the debugging hook function.
+
+
+<p>
+Argument <code>f</code> is the hook function.
+<code>mask</code> specifies on which events the hook will be called:
+it is formed by a bitwise or of the constants
+<a name="pdf-LUA_MASKCALL"><code>LUA_MASKCALL</code></a>,
+<a name="pdf-LUA_MASKRET"><code>LUA_MASKRET</code></a>,
+<a name="pdf-LUA_MASKLINE"><code>LUA_MASKLINE</code></a>,
+and <a name="pdf-LUA_MASKCOUNT"><code>LUA_MASKCOUNT</code></a>.
+The <code>count</code> argument is only meaningful when the mask
+includes <code>LUA_MASKCOUNT</code>.
+For each event, the hook is called as explained below:
+
+<ul>
+
+<li><b>The call hook:</b> is called when the interpreter calls a function.
+The hook is called just after Lua enters the new function,
+before the function gets its arguments.
+</li>
+
+<li><b>The return hook:</b> is called when the interpreter returns from a function.
+The hook is called just before Lua leaves the function.
+You have no access to the values to be returned by the function.
+</li>
+
+<li><b>The line hook:</b> is called when the interpreter is about to
+start the execution of a new line of code,
+or when it jumps back in the code (even to the same line).
+(This event only happens while Lua is executing a Lua function.)
+</li>
+
+<li><b>The count hook:</b> is called after the interpreter executes every
+<code>count</code> instructions.
+(This event only happens while Lua is executing a Lua function.)
+</li>
+
+</ul>
+
+<p>
+A hook is disabled by setting <code>mask</code> to zero.
+
+
+
+
+
+<hr><h3><a name="lua_setlocal"><code>lua_setlocal</code></a></h3><p>
+<span class="apii">[-(0|1), +0, <em>-</em>]</span>
+<pre>const char *lua_setlocal (lua_State *L, lua_Debug *ar, int n);</pre>
+
+<p>
+Sets the value of a local variable of a given activation record.
+Parameters <code>ar</code> and <code>n</code> are as in <a href="#lua_getlocal"><code>lua_getlocal</code></a>
+(see <a href="#lua_getlocal"><code>lua_getlocal</code></a>).
+<a href="#lua_setlocal"><code>lua_setlocal</code></a> assigns the value at the top of the stack
+to the variable and returns its name.
+It also pops the value from the stack.
+
+
+<p>
+Returns <code>NULL</code> (and pops nothing)
+when the index is greater than
+the number of active local variables.
+
+
+
+
+
+<hr><h3><a name="lua_setupvalue"><code>lua_setupvalue</code></a></h3><p>
+<span class="apii">[-(0|1), +0, <em>-</em>]</span>
+<pre>const char *lua_setupvalue (lua_State *L, int funcindex, int n);</pre>
+
+<p>
+Sets the value of a closure's upvalue.
+It assigns the value at the top of the stack
+to the upvalue and returns its name.
+It also pops the value from the stack.
+Parameters <code>funcindex</code> and <code>n</code> are as in the <a href="#lua_getupvalue"><code>lua_getupvalue</code></a>
+(see <a href="#lua_getupvalue"><code>lua_getupvalue</code></a>).
+
+
+<p>
+Returns <code>NULL</code> (and pops nothing)
+when the index is greater than the number of upvalues.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+<h1>4 - <a name="4">The Auxiliary Library</a></h1>
+
+<p>
+
+The <em>auxiliary library</em> provides several convenient functions
+to interface C with Lua.
+While the basic API provides the primitive functions for all
+interactions between C and Lua,
+the auxiliary library provides higher-level functions for some
+common tasks.
+
+
+<p>
+All functions from the auxiliary library
+are defined in header file <code>lauxlib.h</code> and
+have a prefix <code>luaL_</code>.
+
+
+<p>
+All functions in the auxiliary library are built on
+top of the basic API,
+and so they provide nothing that cannot be done with this API.
+
+
+<p>
+Several functions in the auxiliary library are used to
+check C function arguments.
+Their names are always <code>luaL_check*</code> or <code>luaL_opt*</code>.
+All of these functions throw an error if the check is not satisfied.
+Because the error message is formatted for arguments
+(e.g., "<code>bad argument #1</code>"),
+you should not use these functions for other stack values.
+
+
+
+<h2>4.1 - <a name="4.1">Functions and Types</a></h2>
+
+<p>
+Here we list all functions and types from the auxiliary library
+in alphabetical order.
+
+
+
+<hr><h3><a name="luaL_addchar"><code>luaL_addchar</code></a></h3><p>
+<span class="apii">[-0, +0, <em>m</em>]</span>
+<pre>void luaL_addchar (luaL_Buffer *B, char c);</pre>
+
+<p>
+Adds the character <code>c</code> to the buffer <code>B</code>
+(see <a href="#luaL_Buffer"><code>luaL_Buffer</code></a>).
+
+
+
+
+
+<hr><h3><a name="luaL_addlstring"><code>luaL_addlstring</code></a></h3><p>
+<span class="apii">[-0, +0, <em>m</em>]</span>
+<pre>void luaL_addlstring (luaL_Buffer *B, const char *s, size_t l);</pre>
+
+<p>
+Adds the string pointed to by <code>s</code> with length <code>l</code> to
+the buffer <code>B</code>
+(see <a href="#luaL_Buffer"><code>luaL_Buffer</code></a>).
+The string may contain embedded zeros.
+
+
+
+
+
+<hr><h3><a name="luaL_addsize"><code>luaL_addsize</code></a></h3><p>
+<span class="apii">[-0, +0, <em>m</em>]</span>
+<pre>void luaL_addsize (luaL_Buffer *B, size_t n);</pre>
+
+<p>
+Adds to the buffer <code>B</code> (see <a href="#luaL_Buffer"><code>luaL_Buffer</code></a>)
+a string of length <code>n</code> previously copied to the
+buffer area (see <a href="#luaL_prepbuffer"><code>luaL_prepbuffer</code></a>).
+
+
+
+
+
+<hr><h3><a name="luaL_addstring"><code>luaL_addstring</code></a></h3><p>
+<span class="apii">[-0, +0, <em>m</em>]</span>
+<pre>void luaL_addstring (luaL_Buffer *B, const char *s);</pre>
+
+<p>
+Adds the zero-terminated string pointed to by <code>s</code>
+to the buffer <code>B</code>
+(see <a href="#luaL_Buffer"><code>luaL_Buffer</code></a>).
+The string may not contain embedded zeros.
+
+
+
+
+
+<hr><h3><a name="luaL_addvalue"><code>luaL_addvalue</code></a></h3><p>
+<span class="apii">[-1, +0, <em>m</em>]</span>
+<pre>void luaL_addvalue (luaL_Buffer *B);</pre>
+
+<p>
+Adds the value at the top of the stack
+to the buffer <code>B</code>
+(see <a href="#luaL_Buffer"><code>luaL_Buffer</code></a>).
+Pops the value.
+
+
+<p>
+This is the only function on string buffers that can (and must)
+be called with an extra element on the stack,
+which is the value to be added to the buffer.
+
+
+
+
+
+<hr><h3><a name="luaL_argcheck"><code>luaL_argcheck</code></a></h3><p>
+<span class="apii">[-0, +0, <em>v</em>]</span>
+<pre>void luaL_argcheck (lua_State *L,
+ int cond,
+ int narg,
+ const char *extramsg);</pre>
+
+<p>
+Checks whether <code>cond</code> is true.
+If not, raises an error with the following message,
+where <code>func</code> is retrieved from the call stack:
+
+<pre>
+ bad argument #<narg> to <func> (<extramsg>)
+</pre>
+
+
+
+
+<hr><h3><a name="luaL_argerror"><code>luaL_argerror</code></a></h3><p>
+<span class="apii">[-0, +0, <em>v</em>]</span>
+<pre>int luaL_argerror (lua_State *L, int narg, const char *extramsg);</pre>
+
+<p>
+Raises an error with the following message,
+where <code>func</code> is retrieved from the call stack:
+
+<pre>
+ bad argument #<narg> to <func> (<extramsg>)
+</pre>
+
+<p>
+This function never returns,
+but it is an idiom to use it in C functions
+as <code>return luaL_argerror(<em>args</em>)</code>.
+
+
+
+
+
+<hr><h3><a name="luaL_Buffer"><code>luaL_Buffer</code></a></h3>
+<pre>typedef struct luaL_Buffer luaL_Buffer;</pre>
+
+<p>
+Type for a <em>string buffer</em>.
+
+
+<p>
+A string buffer allows C code to build Lua strings piecemeal.
+Its pattern of use is as follows:
+
+<ul>
+
+<li>First you declare a variable <code>b</code> of type <a href="#luaL_Buffer"><code>luaL_Buffer</code></a>.</li>
+
+<li>Then you initialize it with a call <code>luaL_buffinit(L, &b)</code>.</li>
+
+<li>
+Then you add string pieces to the buffer calling any of
+the <code>luaL_add*</code> functions.
+</li>
+
+<li>
+You finish by calling <code>luaL_pushresult(&b)</code>.
+This call leaves the final string on the top of the stack.
+</li>
+
+</ul>
+
+<p>
+During its normal operation,
+a string buffer uses a variable number of stack slots.
+So, while using a buffer, you cannot assume that you know where
+the top of the stack is.
+You can use the stack between successive calls to buffer operations
+as long as that use is balanced;
+that is,
+when you call a buffer operation,
+the stack is at the same level
+it was immediately after the previous buffer operation.
+(The only exception to this rule is <a href="#luaL_addvalue"><code>luaL_addvalue</code></a>.)
+After calling <a href="#luaL_pushresult"><code>luaL_pushresult</code></a> the stack is back to its
+level when the buffer was initialized,
+plus the final string on its top.
+
+
+
+
+
+<hr><h3><a name="luaL_buffinit"><code>luaL_buffinit</code></a></h3><p>
+<span class="apii">[-0, +0, <em>-</em>]</span>
+<pre>void luaL_buffinit (lua_State *L, luaL_Buffer *B);</pre>
+
+<p>
+Initializes a buffer <code>B</code>.
+This function does not allocate any space;
+the buffer must be declared as a variable
+(see <a href="#luaL_Buffer"><code>luaL_Buffer</code></a>).
+
+
+
+
+
+<hr><h3><a name="luaL_callmeta"><code>luaL_callmeta</code></a></h3><p>
+<span class="apii">[-0, +(0|1), <em>e</em>]</span>
+<pre>int luaL_callmeta (lua_State *L, int obj, const char *e);</pre>
+
+<p>
+Calls a metamethod.
+
+
+<p>
+If the object at index <code>obj</code> has a metatable and this
+metatable has a field <code>e</code>,
+this function calls this field and passes the object as its only argument.
+In this case this function returns 1 and pushes onto the
+stack the value returned by the call.
+If there is no metatable or no metamethod,
+this function returns 0 (without pushing any value on the stack).
+
+
+
+
+
+<hr><h3><a name="luaL_checkany"><code>luaL_checkany</code></a></h3><p>
+<span class="apii">[-0, +0, <em>v</em>]</span>
+<pre>void luaL_checkany (lua_State *L, int narg);</pre>
+
+<p>
+Checks whether the function has an argument
+of any type (including <b>nil</b>) at position <code>narg</code>.
+
+
+
+
+
+<hr><h3><a name="luaL_checkint"><code>luaL_checkint</code></a></h3><p>
+<span class="apii">[-0, +0, <em>v</em>]</span>
+<pre>int luaL_checkint (lua_State *L, int narg);</pre>
+
+<p>
+Checks whether the function argument <code>narg</code> is a number
+and returns this number cast to an <code>int</code>.
+
+
+
+
+
+<hr><h3><a name="luaL_checkinteger"><code>luaL_checkinteger</code></a></h3><p>
+<span class="apii">[-0, +0, <em>v</em>]</span>
+<pre>lua_Integer luaL_checkinteger (lua_State *L, int narg);</pre>
+
+<p>
+Checks whether the function argument <code>narg</code> is a number
+and returns this number cast to a <a href="#lua_Integer"><code>lua_Integer</code></a>.
+
+
+
+
+
+<hr><h3><a name="luaL_checklong"><code>luaL_checklong</code></a></h3><p>
+<span class="apii">[-0, +0, <em>v</em>]</span>
+<pre>long luaL_checklong (lua_State *L, int narg);</pre>
+
+<p>
+Checks whether the function argument <code>narg</code> is a number
+and returns this number cast to a <code>long</code>.
+
+
+
+
+
+<hr><h3><a name="luaL_checklstring"><code>luaL_checklstring</code></a></h3><p>
+<span class="apii">[-0, +0, <em>v</em>]</span>
+<pre>const char *luaL_checklstring (lua_State *L, int narg, size_t *l);</pre>
+
+<p>
+Checks whether the function argument <code>narg</code> is a string
+and returns this string;
+if <code>l</code> is not <code>NULL</code> fills <code>*l</code>
+with the string's length.
+
+
+<p>
+This function uses <a href="#lua_tolstring"><code>lua_tolstring</code></a> to get its result,
+so all conversions and caveats of that function apply here.
+
+
+
+
+
+<hr><h3><a name="luaL_checknumber"><code>luaL_checknumber</code></a></h3><p>
+<span class="apii">[-0, +0, <em>v</em>]</span>
+<pre>lua_Number luaL_checknumber (lua_State *L, int narg);</pre>
+
+<p>
+Checks whether the function argument <code>narg</code> is a number
+and returns this number.
+
+
+
+
+
+<hr><h3><a name="luaL_checkoption"><code>luaL_checkoption</code></a></h3><p>
+<span class="apii">[-0, +0, <em>v</em>]</span>
+<pre>int luaL_checkoption (lua_State *L,
+ int narg,
+ const char *def,
+ const char *const lst[]);</pre>
+
+<p>
+Checks whether the function argument <code>narg</code> is a string and
+searches for this string in the array <code>lst</code>
+(which must be NULL-terminated).
+Returns the index in the array where the string was found.
+Raises an error if the argument is not a string or
+if the string cannot be found.
+
+
+<p>
+If <code>def</code> is not <code>NULL</code>,
+the function uses <code>def</code> as a default value when
+there is no argument <code>narg</code> or if this argument is <b>nil</b>.
+
+
+<p>
+This is a useful function for mapping strings to C enums.
+(The usual convention in Lua libraries is
+to use strings instead of numbers to select options.)
+
+
+
+
+
+<hr><h3><a name="luaL_checkstack"><code>luaL_checkstack</code></a></h3><p>
+<span class="apii">[-0, +0, <em>v</em>]</span>
+<pre>void luaL_checkstack (lua_State *L, int sz, const char *msg);</pre>
+
+<p>
+Grows the stack size to <code>top + sz</code> elements,
+raising an error if the stack cannot grow to that size.
+<code>msg</code> is an additional text to go into the error message.
+
+
+
+
+
+<hr><h3><a name="luaL_checkstring"><code>luaL_checkstring</code></a></h3><p>
+<span class="apii">[-0, +0, <em>v</em>]</span>
+<pre>const char *luaL_checkstring (lua_State *L, int narg);</pre>
+
+<p>
+Checks whether the function argument <code>narg</code> is a string
+and returns this string.
+
+
+<p>
+This function uses <a href="#lua_tolstring"><code>lua_tolstring</code></a> to get its result,
+so all conversions and caveats of that function apply here.
+
+
+
+
+
+<hr><h3><a name="luaL_checktype"><code>luaL_checktype</code></a></h3><p>
+<span class="apii">[-0, +0, <em>v</em>]</span>
+<pre>void luaL_checktype (lua_State *L, int narg, int t);</pre>
+
+<p>
+Checks whether the function argument <code>narg</code> has type <code>t</code>.
+See <a href="#lua_type"><code>lua_type</code></a> for the encoding of types for <code>t</code>.
+
+
+
+
+
+<hr><h3><a name="luaL_checkudata"><code>luaL_checkudata</code></a></h3><p>
+<span class="apii">[-0, +0, <em>v</em>]</span>
+<pre>void *luaL_checkudata (lua_State *L, int narg, const char *tname);</pre>
+
+<p>
+Checks whether the function argument <code>narg</code> is a userdata
+of the type <code>tname</code> (see <a href="#luaL_newmetatable"><code>luaL_newmetatable</code></a>).
+
+
+
+
+
+<hr><h3><a name="luaL_dofile"><code>luaL_dofile</code></a></h3><p>
+<span class="apii">[-0, +?, <em>m</em>]</span>
+<pre>int luaL_dofile (lua_State *L, const char *filename);</pre>
+
+<p>
+Loads and runs the given file.
+It is defined as the following macro:
+
+<pre>
+ (luaL_loadfile(L, filename) || lua_pcall(L, 0, LUA_MULTRET, 0))
+</pre><p>
+It returns 0 if there are no errors
+or 1 in case of errors.
+
+
+
+
+
+<hr><h3><a name="luaL_dostring"><code>luaL_dostring</code></a></h3><p>
+<span class="apii">[-0, +?, <em>m</em>]</span>
+<pre>int luaL_dostring (lua_State *L, const char *str);</pre>
+
+<p>
+Loads and runs the given string.
+It is defined as the following macro:
+
+<pre>
+ (luaL_loadstring(L, str) || lua_pcall(L, 0, LUA_MULTRET, 0))
+</pre><p>
+It returns 0 if there are no errors
+or 1 in case of errors.
+
+
+
+
+
+<hr><h3><a name="luaL_error"><code>luaL_error</code></a></h3><p>
+<span class="apii">[-0, +0, <em>v</em>]</span>
+<pre>int luaL_error (lua_State *L, const char *fmt, ...);</pre>
+
+<p>
+Raises an error.
+The error message format is given by <code>fmt</code>
+plus any extra arguments,
+following the same rules of <a href="#lua_pushfstring"><code>lua_pushfstring</code></a>.
+It also adds at the beginning of the message the file name and
+the line number where the error occurred,
+if this information is available.
+
+
+<p>
+This function never returns,
+but it is an idiom to use it in C functions
+as <code>return luaL_error(<em>args</em>)</code>.
+
+
+
+
+
+<hr><h3><a name="luaL_getmetafield"><code>luaL_getmetafield</code></a></h3><p>
+<span class="apii">[-0, +(0|1), <em>m</em>]</span>
+<pre>int luaL_getmetafield (lua_State *L, int obj, const char *e);</pre>
+
+<p>
+Pushes onto the stack the field <code>e</code> from the metatable
+of the object at index <code>obj</code>.
+If the object does not have a metatable,
+or if the metatable does not have this field,
+returns 0 and pushes nothing.
+
+
+
+
+
+<hr><h3><a name="luaL_getmetatable"><code>luaL_getmetatable</code></a></h3><p>
+<span class="apii">[-0, +1, <em>-</em>]</span>
+<pre>void luaL_getmetatable (lua_State *L, const char *tname);</pre>
+
+<p>
+Pushes onto the stack the metatable associated with name <code>tname</code>
+in the registry (see <a href="#luaL_newmetatable"><code>luaL_newmetatable</code></a>).
+
+
+
+
+
+<hr><h3><a name="luaL_gsub"><code>luaL_gsub</code></a></h3><p>
+<span class="apii">[-0, +1, <em>m</em>]</span>
+<pre>const char *luaL_gsub (lua_State *L,
+ const char *s,
+ const char *p,
+ const char *r);</pre>
+
+<p>
+Creates a copy of string <code>s</code> by replacing
+any occurrence of the string <code>p</code>
+with the string <code>r</code>.
+Pushes the resulting string on the stack and returns it.
+
+
+
+
+
+<hr><h3><a name="luaL_loadbuffer"><code>luaL_loadbuffer</code></a></h3><p>
+<span class="apii">[-0, +1, <em>m</em>]</span>
+<pre>int luaL_loadbuffer (lua_State *L,
+ const char *buff,
+ size_t sz,
+ const char *name);</pre>
+
+<p>
+Loads a buffer as a Lua chunk.
+This function uses <a href="#lua_load"><code>lua_load</code></a> to load the chunk in the
+buffer pointed to by <code>buff</code> with size <code>sz</code>.
+
+
+<p>
+This function returns the same results as <a href="#lua_load"><code>lua_load</code></a>.
+<code>name</code> is the chunk name,
+used for debug information and error messages.
+
+
+
+
+
+<hr><h3><a name="luaL_loadfile"><code>luaL_loadfile</code></a></h3><p>
+<span class="apii">[-0, +1, <em>m</em>]</span>
+<pre>int luaL_loadfile (lua_State *L, const char *filename);</pre>
+
+<p>
+Loads a file as a Lua chunk.
+This function uses <a href="#lua_load"><code>lua_load</code></a> to load the chunk in the file
+named <code>filename</code>.
+If <code>filename</code> is <code>NULL</code>,
+then it loads from the standard input.
+The first line in the file is ignored if it starts with a <code>#</code>.
+
+
+<p>
+This function returns the same results as <a href="#lua_load"><code>lua_load</code></a>,
+but it has an extra error code <a name="pdf-LUA_ERRFILE"><code>LUA_ERRFILE</code></a>
+if it cannot open/read the file.
+
+
+<p>
+As <a href="#lua_load"><code>lua_load</code></a>, this function only loads the chunk;
+it does not run it.
+
+
+
+
+
+<hr><h3><a name="luaL_loadstring"><code>luaL_loadstring</code></a></h3><p>
+<span class="apii">[-0, +1, <em>m</em>]</span>
+<pre>int luaL_loadstring (lua_State *L, const char *s);</pre>
+
+<p>
+Loads a string as a Lua chunk.
+This function uses <a href="#lua_load"><code>lua_load</code></a> to load the chunk in
+the zero-terminated string <code>s</code>.
+
+
+<p>
+This function returns the same results as <a href="#lua_load"><code>lua_load</code></a>.
+
+
+<p>
+Also as <a href="#lua_load"><code>lua_load</code></a>, this function only loads the chunk;
+it does not run it.
+
+
+
+
+
+<hr><h3><a name="luaL_newmetatable"><code>luaL_newmetatable</code></a></h3><p>
+<span class="apii">[-0, +1, <em>m</em>]</span>
+<pre>int luaL_newmetatable (lua_State *L, const char *tname);</pre>
+
+<p>
+If the registry already has the key <code>tname</code>,
+returns 0.
+Otherwise,
+creates a new table to be used as a metatable for userdata,
+adds it to the registry with key <code>tname</code>,
+and returns 1.
+
+
+<p>
+In both cases pushes onto the stack the final value associated
+with <code>tname</code> in the registry.
+
+
+
+
+
+<hr><h3><a name="luaL_newstate"><code>luaL_newstate</code></a></h3><p>
+<span class="apii">[-0, +0, <em>-</em>]</span>
+<pre>lua_State *luaL_newstate (void);</pre>
+
+<p>
+Creates a new Lua state.
+It calls <a href="#lua_newstate"><code>lua_newstate</code></a> with an
+allocator based on the standard C <code>realloc</code> function
+and then sets a panic function (see <a href="#lua_atpanic"><code>lua_atpanic</code></a>) that prints
+an error message to the standard error output in case of fatal
+errors.
+
+
+<p>
+Returns the new state,
+or <code>NULL</code> if there is a memory allocation error.
+
+
+
+
+
+<hr><h3><a name="luaL_openlibs"><code>luaL_openlibs</code></a></h3><p>
+<span class="apii">[-0, +0, <em>m</em>]</span>
+<pre>void luaL_openlibs (lua_State *L);</pre>
+
+<p>
+Opens all standard Lua libraries into the given state.
+
+
+
+
+
+<hr><h3><a name="luaL_optint"><code>luaL_optint</code></a></h3><p>
+<span class="apii">[-0, +0, <em>v</em>]</span>
+<pre>int luaL_optint (lua_State *L, int narg, int d);</pre>
+
+<p>
+If the function argument <code>narg</code> is a number,
+returns this number cast to an <code>int</code>.
+If this argument is absent or is <b>nil</b>,
+returns <code>d</code>.
+Otherwise, raises an error.
+
+
+
+
+
+<hr><h3><a name="luaL_optinteger"><code>luaL_optinteger</code></a></h3><p>
+<span class="apii">[-0, +0, <em>v</em>]</span>
+<pre>lua_Integer luaL_optinteger (lua_State *L,
+ int narg,
+ lua_Integer d);</pre>
+
+<p>
+If the function argument <code>narg</code> is a number,
+returns this number cast to a <a href="#lua_Integer"><code>lua_Integer</code></a>.
+If this argument is absent or is <b>nil</b>,
+returns <code>d</code>.
+Otherwise, raises an error.
+
+
+
+
+
+<hr><h3><a name="luaL_optlong"><code>luaL_optlong</code></a></h3><p>
+<span class="apii">[-0, +0, <em>v</em>]</span>
+<pre>long luaL_optlong (lua_State *L, int narg, long d);</pre>
+
+<p>
+If the function argument <code>narg</code> is a number,
+returns this number cast to a <code>long</code>.
+If this argument is absent or is <b>nil</b>,
+returns <code>d</code>.
+Otherwise, raises an error.
+
+
+
+
+
+<hr><h3><a name="luaL_optlstring"><code>luaL_optlstring</code></a></h3><p>
+<span class="apii">[-0, +0, <em>v</em>]</span>
+<pre>const char *luaL_optlstring (lua_State *L,
+ int narg,
+ const char *d,
+ size_t *l);</pre>
+
+<p>
+If the function argument <code>narg</code> is a string,
+returns this string.
+If this argument is absent or is <b>nil</b>,
+returns <code>d</code>.
+Otherwise, raises an error.
+
+
+<p>
+If <code>l</code> is not <code>NULL</code>,
+fills the position <code>*l</code> with the results's length.
+
+
+
+
+
+<hr><h3><a name="luaL_optnumber"><code>luaL_optnumber</code></a></h3><p>
+<span class="apii">[-0, +0, <em>v</em>]</span>
+<pre>lua_Number luaL_optnumber (lua_State *L, int narg, lua_Number d);</pre>
+
+<p>
+If the function argument <code>narg</code> is a number,
+returns this number.
+If this argument is absent or is <b>nil</b>,
+returns <code>d</code>.
+Otherwise, raises an error.
+
+
+
+
+
+<hr><h3><a name="luaL_optstring"><code>luaL_optstring</code></a></h3><p>
+<span class="apii">[-0, +0, <em>v</em>]</span>
+<pre>const char *luaL_optstring (lua_State *L,
+ int narg,
+ const char *d);</pre>
+
+<p>
+If the function argument <code>narg</code> is a string,
+returns this string.
+If this argument is absent or is <b>nil</b>,
+returns <code>d</code>.
+Otherwise, raises an error.
+
+
+
+
+
+<hr><h3><a name="luaL_prepbuffer"><code>luaL_prepbuffer</code></a></h3><p>
+<span class="apii">[-0, +0, <em>-</em>]</span>
+<pre>char *luaL_prepbuffer (luaL_Buffer *B);</pre>
+
+<p>
+Returns an address to a space of size <a name="pdf-LUAL_BUFFERSIZE"><code>LUAL_BUFFERSIZE</code></a>
+where you can copy a string to be added to buffer <code>B</code>
+(see <a href="#luaL_Buffer"><code>luaL_Buffer</code></a>).
+After copying the string into this space you must call
+<a href="#luaL_addsize"><code>luaL_addsize</code></a> with the size of the string to actually add
+it to the buffer.
+
+
+
+
+
+<hr><h3><a name="luaL_pushresult"><code>luaL_pushresult</code></a></h3><p>
+<span class="apii">[-?, +1, <em>m</em>]</span>
+<pre>void luaL_pushresult (luaL_Buffer *B);</pre>
+
+<p>
+Finishes the use of buffer <code>B</code> leaving the final string on
+the top of the stack.
+
+
+
+
+
+<hr><h3><a name="luaL_ref"><code>luaL_ref</code></a></h3><p>
+<span class="apii">[-1, +0, <em>m</em>]</span>
+<pre>int luaL_ref (lua_State *L, int t);</pre>
+
+<p>
+Creates and returns a <em>reference</em>,
+in the table at index <code>t</code>,
+for the object at the top of the stack (and pops the object).
+
+
+<p>
+A reference is a unique integer key.
+As long as you do not manually add integer keys into table <code>t</code>,
+<a href="#luaL_ref"><code>luaL_ref</code></a> ensures the uniqueness of the key it returns.
+You can retrieve an object referred by reference <code>r</code>
+by calling <code>lua_rawgeti(L, t, r)</code>.
+Function <a href="#luaL_unref"><code>luaL_unref</code></a> frees a reference and its associated object.
+
+
+<p>
+If the object at the top of the stack is <b>nil</b>,
+<a href="#luaL_ref"><code>luaL_ref</code></a> returns the constant <a name="pdf-LUA_REFNIL"><code>LUA_REFNIL</code></a>.
+The constant <a name="pdf-LUA_NOREF"><code>LUA_NOREF</code></a> is guaranteed to be different
+from any reference returned by <a href="#luaL_ref"><code>luaL_ref</code></a>.
+
+
+
+
+
+<hr><h3><a name="luaL_Reg"><code>luaL_Reg</code></a></h3>
+<pre>typedef struct luaL_Reg {
+ const char *name;
+ lua_CFunction func;
+} luaL_Reg;</pre>
+
+<p>
+Type for arrays of functions to be registered by
+<a href="#luaL_register"><code>luaL_register</code></a>.
+<code>name</code> is the function name and <code>func</code> is a pointer to
+the function.
+Any array of <a href="#luaL_Reg"><code>luaL_Reg</code></a> must end with an sentinel entry
+in which both <code>name</code> and <code>func</code> are <code>NULL</code>.
+
+
+
+
+
+<hr><h3><a name="luaL_register"><code>luaL_register</code></a></h3><p>
+<span class="apii">[-(0|1), +1, <em>m</em>]</span>
+<pre>void luaL_register (lua_State *L,
+ const char *libname,
+ const luaL_Reg *l);</pre>
+
+<p>
+Opens a library.
+
+
+<p>
+When called with <code>libname</code> equal to <code>NULL</code>,
+it simply registers all functions in the list <code>l</code>
+(see <a href="#luaL_Reg"><code>luaL_Reg</code></a>) into the table on the top of the stack.
+
+
+<p>
+When called with a non-null <code>libname</code>,
+<code>luaL_register</code> creates a new table <code>t</code>,
+sets it as the value of the global variable <code>libname</code>,
+sets it as the value of <code>package.loaded[libname]</code>,
+and registers on it all functions in the list <code>l</code>.
+If there is a table in <code>package.loaded[libname]</code> or in
+variable <code>libname</code>,
+reuses this table instead of creating a new one.
+
+
+<p>
+In any case the function leaves the table
+on the top of the stack.
+
+
+
+
+
+<hr><h3><a name="luaL_typename"><code>luaL_typename</code></a></h3><p>
+<span class="apii">[-0, +0, <em>-</em>]</span>
+<pre>const char *luaL_typename (lua_State *L, int index);</pre>
+
+<p>
+Returns the name of the type of the value at the given index.
+
+
+
+
+
+<hr><h3><a name="luaL_typerror"><code>luaL_typerror</code></a></h3><p>
+<span class="apii">[-0, +0, <em>v</em>]</span>
+<pre>int luaL_typerror (lua_State *L, int narg, const char *tname);</pre>
+
+<p>
+Generates an error with a message like the following:
+
+<pre>
+ <em>location</em>: bad argument <em>narg</em> to '<em>func</em>' (<em>tname</em> expected, got <em>rt</em>)
+</pre><p>
+where <code><em>location</em></code> is produced by <a href="#luaL_where"><code>luaL_where</code></a>,
+<code><em>func</em></code> is the name of the current function,
+and <code><em>rt</em></code> is the type name of the actual argument.
+
+
+
+
+
+<hr><h3><a name="luaL_unref"><code>luaL_unref</code></a></h3><p>
+<span class="apii">[-0, +0, <em>-</em>]</span>
+<pre>void luaL_unref (lua_State *L, int t, int ref);</pre>
+
+<p>
+Releases reference <code>ref</code> from the table at index <code>t</code>
+(see <a href="#luaL_ref"><code>luaL_ref</code></a>).
+The entry is removed from the table,
+so that the referred object can be collected.
+The reference <code>ref</code> is also freed to be used again.
+
+
+<p>
+If <code>ref</code> is <a href="#pdf-LUA_NOREF"><code>LUA_NOREF</code></a> or <a href="#pdf-LUA_REFNIL"><code>LUA_REFNIL</code></a>,
+<a href="#luaL_unref"><code>luaL_unref</code></a> does nothing.
+
+
+
+
+
+<hr><h3><a name="luaL_where"><code>luaL_where</code></a></h3><p>
+<span class="apii">[-0, +1, <em>m</em>]</span>
+<pre>void luaL_where (lua_State *L, int lvl);</pre>
+
+<p>
+Pushes onto the stack a string identifying the current position
+of the control at level <code>lvl</code> in the call stack.
+Typically this string has the following format:
+
+<pre>
+ <em>chunkname</em>:<em>currentline</em>:
+</pre><p>
+Level 0 is the running function,
+level 1 is the function that called the running function,
+etc.
+
+
+<p>
+This function is used to build a prefix for error messages.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+<h1>5 - <a name="5">Standard Libraries</a></h1>
+
+<p>
+The standard Lua libraries provide useful functions
+that are implemented directly through the C API.
+Some of these functions provide essential services to the language
+(e.g., <a href="#pdf-type"><code>type</code></a> and <a href="#pdf-getmetatable"><code>getmetatable</code></a>);
+others provide access to "outside" services (e.g., I/O);
+and others could be implemented in Lua itself,
+but are quite useful or have critical performance requirements that
+deserve an implementation in C (e.g., <a href="#pdf-table.sort"><code>table.sort</code></a>).
+
+
+<p>
+All libraries are implemented through the official C API
+and are provided as separate C modules.
+Currently, Lua has the following standard libraries:
+
+<ul>
+
+<li>basic library, which includes the coroutine sub-library;</li>
+
+<li>package library;</li>
+
+<li>string manipulation;</li>
+
+<li>table manipulation;</li>
+
+<li>mathematical functions (sin, log, etc.);</li>
+
+<li>input and output;</li>
+
+<li>operating system facilities;</li>
+
+<li>debug facilities.</li>
+
+</ul><p>
+Except for the basic and package libraries,
+each library provides all its functions as fields of a global table
+or as methods of its objects.
+
+
+<p>
+To have access to these libraries,
+the C host program should call the <a href="#luaL_openlibs"><code>luaL_openlibs</code></a> function,
+which opens all standard libraries.
+Alternatively,
+it can open them individually by calling
+<a name="pdf-luaopen_base"><code>luaopen_base</code></a> (for the basic library),
+<a name="pdf-luaopen_package"><code>luaopen_package</code></a> (for the package library),
+<a name="pdf-luaopen_string"><code>luaopen_string</code></a> (for the string library),
+<a name="pdf-luaopen_table"><code>luaopen_table</code></a> (for the table library),
+<a name="pdf-luaopen_math"><code>luaopen_math</code></a> (for the mathematical library),
+<a name="pdf-luaopen_io"><code>luaopen_io</code></a> (for the I/O library),
+<a name="pdf-luaopen_os"><code>luaopen_os</code></a> (for the Operating System library),
+and <a name="pdf-luaopen_debug"><code>luaopen_debug</code></a> (for the debug library).
+These functions are declared in <a name="pdf-lualib.h"><code>lualib.h</code></a>
+and should not be called directly:
+you must call them like any other Lua C function,
+e.g., by using <a href="#lua_call"><code>lua_call</code></a>.
+
+
+
+<h2>5.1 - <a name="5.1">Basic Functions</a></h2>
+
+<p>
+The basic library provides some core functions to Lua.
+If you do not include this library in your application,
+you should check carefully whether you need to provide
+implementations for some of its facilities.
+
+
+<p>
+<hr><h3><a name="pdf-assert"><code>assert (v [, message])</code></a></h3>
+Issues an error when
+the value of its argument <code>v</code> is false (i.e., <b>nil</b> or <b>false</b>);
+otherwise, returns all its arguments.
+<code>message</code> is an error message;
+when absent, it defaults to "assertion failed!"
+
+
+
+
+<p>
+<hr><h3><a name="pdf-collectgarbage"><code>collectgarbage ([opt [, arg]])</code></a></h3>
+
+
+<p>
+This function is a generic interface to the garbage collector.
+It performs different functions according to its first argument, <code>opt</code>:
+
+<ul>
+
+<li><b>"collect":</b>
+performs a full garbage-collection cycle.
+This is the default option.
+</li>
+
+<li><b>"stop":</b>
+stops the garbage collector.
+</li>
+
+<li><b>"restart":</b>
+restarts the garbage collector.
+</li>
+
+<li><b>"count":</b>
+returns the total memory in use by Lua (in Kbytes).
+</li>
+
+<li><b>"step":</b>
+performs a garbage-collection step.
+The step "size" is controlled by <code>arg</code>
+(larger values mean more steps) in a non-specified way.
+If you want to control the step size
+you must experimentally tune the value of <code>arg</code>.
+Returns <b>true</b> if the step finished a collection cycle.
+</li>
+
+<li><b>"setpause":</b>
+sets <code>arg</code> as the new value for the <em>pause</em> of
+the collector (see <a href="#2.10">§2.10</a>).
+Returns the previous value for <em>pause</em>.
+</li>
+
+<li><b>"setstepmul":</b>
+sets <code>arg</code> as the new value for the <em>step multiplier</em> of
+the collector (see <a href="#2.10">§2.10</a>).
+Returns the previous value for <em>step</em>.
+</li>
+
+</ul>
+
+
+
+<p>
+<hr><h3><a name="pdf-dofile"><code>dofile ([filename])</code></a></h3>
+Opens the named file and executes its contents as a Lua chunk.
+When called without arguments,
+<code>dofile</code> executes the contents of the standard input (<code>stdin</code>).
+Returns all values returned by the chunk.
+In case of errors, <code>dofile</code> propagates the error
+to its caller (that is, <code>dofile</code> does not run in protected mode).
+
+
+
+
+<p>
+<hr><h3><a name="pdf-error"><code>error (message [, level])</code></a></h3>
+Terminates the last protected function called
+and returns <code>message</code> as the error message.
+Function <code>error</code> never returns.
+
+
+<p>
+Usually, <code>error</code> adds some information about the error position
+at the beginning of the message.
+The <code>level</code> argument specifies how to get the error position.
+With level 1 (the default), the error position is where the
+<code>error</code> function was called.
+Level 2 points the error to where the function
+that called <code>error</code> was called; and so on.
+Passing a level 0 avoids the addition of error position information
+to the message.
+
+
+
+
+<p>
+<hr><h3><a name="pdf-_G"><code>_G</code></a></h3>
+A global variable (not a function) that
+holds the global environment (that is, <code>_G._G = _G</code>).
+Lua itself does not use this variable;
+changing its value does not affect any environment,
+nor vice-versa.
+(Use <a href="#pdf-setfenv"><code>setfenv</code></a> to change environments.)
+
+
+
+
+<p>
+<hr><h3><a name="pdf-getfenv"><code>getfenv ([f])</code></a></h3>
+Returns the current environment in use by the function.
+<code>f</code> can be a Lua function or a number
+that specifies the function at that stack level:
+Level 1 is the function calling <code>getfenv</code>.
+If the given function is not a Lua function,
+or if <code>f</code> is 0,
+<code>getfenv</code> returns the global environment.
+The default for <code>f</code> is 1.
+
+
+
+
+<p>
+<hr><h3><a name="pdf-getmetatable"><code>getmetatable (object)</code></a></h3>
+
+
+<p>
+If <code>object</code> does not have a metatable, returns <b>nil</b>.
+Otherwise,
+if the object's metatable has a <code>"__metatable"</code> field,
+returns the associated value.
+Otherwise, returns the metatable of the given object.
+
+
+
+
+<p>
+<hr><h3><a name="pdf-ipairs"><code>ipairs (t)</code></a></h3>
+
+
+<p>
+Returns three values: an iterator function, the table <code>t</code>, and 0,
+so that the construction
+
+<pre>
+ for i,v in ipairs(t) do <em>body</em> end
+</pre><p>
+will iterate over the pairs (<code>1,t[1]</code>), (<code>2,t[2]</code>), ···,
+up to the first integer key absent from the table.
+
+
+
+
+<p>
+<hr><h3><a name="pdf-load"><code>load (func [, chunkname])</code></a></h3>
+
+
+<p>
+Loads a chunk using function <code>func</code> to get its pieces.
+Each call to <code>func</code> must return a string that concatenates
+with previous results.
+A return of an empty string, <b>nil</b>, or no value signals the end of the chunk.
+
+
+<p>
+If there are no errors,
+returns the compiled chunk as a function;
+otherwise, returns <b>nil</b> plus the error message.
+The environment of the returned function is the global environment.
+
+
+<p>
+<code>chunkname</code> is used as the chunk name for error messages
+and debug information.
+When absent,
+it defaults to "<code>=(load)</code>".
+
+
+
+
+<p>
+<hr><h3><a name="pdf-loadfile"><code>loadfile ([filename])</code></a></h3>
+
+
+<p>
+Similar to <a href="#pdf-load"><code>load</code></a>,
+but gets the chunk from file <code>filename</code>
+or from the standard input,
+if no file name is given.
+
+
+
+
+<p>
+<hr><h3><a name="pdf-loadstring"><code>loadstring (string [, chunkname])</code></a></h3>
+
+
+<p>
+Similar to <a href="#pdf-load"><code>load</code></a>,
+but gets the chunk from the given string.
+
+
+<p>
+To load and run a given string, use the idiom
+
+<pre>
+ assert(loadstring(s))()
+</pre>
+
+<p>
+When absent,
+<code>chunkname</code> defaults to the given string.
+
+
+
+
+<p>
+<hr><h3><a name="pdf-next"><code>next (table [, index])</code></a></h3>
+
+
+<p>
+Allows a program to traverse all fields of a table.
+Its first argument is a table and its second argument
+is an index in this table.
+<code>next</code> returns the next index of the table
+and its associated value.
+When called with <b>nil</b> as its second argument,
+<code>next</code> returns an initial index
+and its associated value.
+When called with the last index,
+or with <b>nil</b> in an empty table,
+<code>next</code> returns <b>nil</b>.
+If the second argument is absent, then it is interpreted as <b>nil</b>.
+In particular,
+you can use <code>next(t)</code> to check whether a table is empty.
+
+
+<p>
+The order in which the indices are enumerated is not specified,
+<em>even for numeric indices</em>.
+(To traverse a table in numeric order,
+use a numerical <b>for</b> or the <a href="#pdf-ipairs"><code>ipairs</code></a> function.)
+
+
+<p>
+The behavior of <code>next</code> is <em>undefined</em> if,
+during the traversal,
+you assign any value to a non-existent field in the table.
+You may however modify existing fields.
+In particular, you may clear existing fields.
+
+
+
+
+<p>
+<hr><h3><a name="pdf-pairs"><code>pairs (t)</code></a></h3>
+
+
+<p>
+Returns three values: the <a href="#pdf-next"><code>next</code></a> function, the table <code>t</code>, and <b>nil</b>,
+so that the construction
+
+<pre>
+ for k,v in pairs(t) do <em>body</em> end
+</pre><p>
+will iterate over all key–value pairs of table <code>t</code>.
+
+
+<p>
+See function <a href="#pdf-next"><code>next</code></a> for the caveats of modifying
+the table during its traversal.
+
+
+
+
+<p>
+<hr><h3><a name="pdf-pcall"><code>pcall (f, arg1, ···)</code></a></h3>
+
+
+<p>
+Calls function <code>f</code> with
+the given arguments in <em>protected mode</em>.
+This means that any error inside <code>f</code> is not propagated;
+instead, <code>pcall</code> catches the error
+and returns a status code.
+Its first result is the status code (a boolean),
+which is true if the call succeeds without errors.
+In such case, <code>pcall</code> also returns all results from the call,
+after this first result.
+In case of any error, <code>pcall</code> returns <b>false</b> plus the error message.
+
+
+
+
+<p>
+<hr><h3><a name="pdf-print"><code>print (···)</code></a></h3>
+Receives any number of arguments,
+and prints their values to <code>stdout</code>,
+using the <a href="#pdf-tostring"><code>tostring</code></a> function to convert them to strings.
+<code>print</code> is not intended for formatted output,
+but only as a quick way to show a value,
+typically for debugging.
+For formatted output, use <a href="#pdf-string.format"><code>string.format</code></a>.
+
+
+
+
+<p>
+<hr><h3><a name="pdf-rawequal"><code>rawequal (v1, v2)</code></a></h3>
+Checks whether <code>v1</code> is equal to <code>v2</code>,
+without invoking any metamethod.
+Returns a boolean.
+
+
+
+
+<p>
+<hr><h3><a name="pdf-rawget"><code>rawget (table, index)</code></a></h3>
+Gets the real value of <code>table[index]</code>,
+without invoking any metamethod.
+<code>table</code> must be a table;
+<code>index</code> may be any value.
+
+
+
+
+<p>
+<hr><h3><a name="pdf-rawset"><code>rawset (table, index, value)</code></a></h3>
+Sets the real value of <code>table[index]</code> to <code>value</code>,
+without invoking any metamethod.
+<code>table</code> must be a table,
+<code>index</code> any value different from <b>nil</b>,
+and <code>value</code> any Lua value.
+
+
+<p>
+This function returns <code>table</code>.
+
+
+
+
+<p>
+<hr><h3><a name="pdf-select"><code>select (index, ···)</code></a></h3>
+
+
+<p>
+If <code>index</code> is a number,
+returns all arguments after argument number <code>index</code>.
+Otherwise, <code>index</code> must be the string <code>"#"</code>,
+and <code>select</code> returns the total number of extra arguments it received.
+
+
+
+
+<p>
+<hr><h3><a name="pdf-setfenv"><code>setfenv (f, table)</code></a></h3>
+
+
+<p>
+Sets the environment to be used by the given function.
+<code>f</code> can be a Lua function or a number
+that specifies the function at that stack level:
+Level 1 is the function calling <code>setfenv</code>.
+<code>setfenv</code> returns the given function.
+
+
+<p>
+As a special case, when <code>f</code> is 0 <code>setfenv</code> changes
+the environment of the running thread.
+In this case, <code>setfenv</code> returns no values.
+
+
+
+
+<p>
+<hr><h3><a name="pdf-setmetatable"><code>setmetatable (table, metatable)</code></a></h3>
+
+
+<p>
+Sets the metatable for the given table.
+(You cannot change the metatable of other types from Lua, only from C.)
+If <code>metatable</code> is <b>nil</b>,
+removes the metatable of the given table.
+If the original metatable has a <code>"__metatable"</code> field,
+raises an error.
+
+
+<p>
+This function returns <code>table</code>.
+
+
+
+
+<p>
+<hr><h3><a name="pdf-tonumber"><code>tonumber (e [, base])</code></a></h3>
+Tries to convert its argument to a number.
+If the argument is already a number or a string convertible
+to a number, then <code>tonumber</code> returns this number;
+otherwise, it returns <b>nil</b>.
+
+
+<p>
+An optional argument specifies the base to interpret the numeral.
+The base may be any integer between 2 and 36, inclusive.
+In bases above 10, the letter '<code>A</code>' (in either upper or lower case)
+represents 10, '<code>B</code>' represents 11, and so forth,
+with '<code>Z</code>' representing 35.
+In base 10 (the default), the number can have a decimal part,
+as well as an optional exponent part (see <a href="#2.1">§2.1</a>).
+In other bases, only unsigned integers are accepted.
+
+
+
+
+<p>
+<hr><h3><a name="pdf-tostring"><code>tostring (e)</code></a></h3>
+Receives an argument of any type and
+converts it to a string in a reasonable format.
+For complete control of how numbers are converted,
+use <a href="#pdf-string.format"><code>string.format</code></a>.
+
+
+<p>
+If the metatable of <code>e</code> has a <code>"__tostring"</code> field,
+then <code>tostring</code> calls the corresponding value
+with <code>e</code> as argument,
+and uses the result of the call as its result.
+
+
+
+
+<p>
+<hr><h3><a name="pdf-type"><code>type (v)</code></a></h3>
+Returns the type of its only argument, coded as a string.
+The possible results of this function are
+"<code>nil</code>" (a string, not the value <b>nil</b>),
+"<code>number</code>",
+"<code>string</code>",
+"<code>boolean</code>",
+"<code>table</code>",
+"<code>function</code>",
+"<code>thread</code>",
+and "<code>userdata</code>".
+
+
+
+
+<p>
+<hr><h3><a name="pdf-unpack"><code>unpack (list [, i [, j]])</code></a></h3>
+Returns the elements from the given table.
+This function is equivalent to
+
+<pre>
+ return list[i], list[i+1], ···, list[j]
+</pre><p>
+except that the above code can be written only for a fixed number
+of elements.
+By default, <code>i</code> is 1 and <code>j</code> is the length of the list,
+as defined by the length operator (see <a href="#2.5.5">§2.5.5</a>).
+
+
+
+
+<p>
+<hr><h3><a name="pdf-_VERSION"><code>_VERSION</code></a></h3>
+A global variable (not a function) that
+holds a string containing the current interpreter version.
+The current contents of this variable is "<code>Lua 5.1</code>".
+
+
+
+
+<p>
+<hr><h3><a name="pdf-xpcall"><code>xpcall (f, err)</code></a></h3>
+
+
+<p>
+This function is similar to <a href="#pdf-pcall"><code>pcall</code></a>,
+except that you can set a new error handler.
+
+
+<p>
+<code>xpcall</code> calls function <code>f</code> in protected mode,
+using <code>err</code> as the error handler.
+Any error inside <code>f</code> is not propagated;
+instead, <code>xpcall</code> catches the error,
+calls the <code>err</code> function with the original error object,
+and returns a status code.
+Its first result is the status code (a boolean),
+which is true if the call succeeds without errors.
+In this case, <code>xpcall</code> also returns all results from the call,
+after this first result.
+In case of any error,
+<code>xpcall</code> returns <b>false</b> plus the result from <code>err</code>.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+<h2>5.2 - <a name="5.2">Coroutine Manipulation</a></h2>
+
+<p>
+The operations related to coroutines comprise a sub-library of
+the basic library and come inside the table <a name="pdf-coroutine"><code>coroutine</code></a>.
+See <a href="#2.11">§2.11</a> for a general description of coroutines.
+
+
+<p>
+<hr><h3><a name="pdf-coroutine.create"><code>coroutine.create (f)</code></a></h3>
+
+
+<p>
+Creates a new coroutine, with body <code>f</code>.
+<code>f</code> must be a Lua function.
+Returns this new coroutine,
+an object with type <code>"thread"</code>.
+
+
+
+
+<p>
+<hr><h3><a name="pdf-coroutine.resume"><code>coroutine.resume (co [, val1, ···])</code></a></h3>
+
+
+<p>
+Starts or continues the execution of coroutine <code>co</code>.
+The first time you resume a coroutine,
+it starts running its body.
+The values <code>val1</code>, ··· are passed
+as the arguments to the body function.
+If the coroutine has yielded,
+<code>resume</code> restarts it;
+the values <code>val1</code>, ··· are passed
+as the results from the yield.
+
+
+<p>
+If the coroutine runs without any errors,
+<code>resume</code> returns <b>true</b> plus any values passed to <code>yield</code>
+(if the coroutine yields) or any values returned by the body function
+(if the coroutine terminates).
+If there is any error,
+<code>resume</code> returns <b>false</b> plus the error message.
+
+
+
+
+<p>
+<hr><h3><a name="pdf-coroutine.running"><code>coroutine.running ()</code></a></h3>
+
+
+<p>
+Returns the running coroutine,
+or <b>nil</b> when called by the main thread.
+
+
+
+
+<p>
+<hr><h3><a name="pdf-coroutine.status"><code>coroutine.status (co)</code></a></h3>
+
+
+<p>
+Returns the status of coroutine <code>co</code>, as a string:
+<code>"running"</code>,
+if the coroutine is running (that is, it called <code>status</code>);
+<code>"suspended"</code>, if the coroutine is suspended in a call to <code>yield</code>,
+or if it has not started running yet;
+<code>"normal"</code> if the coroutine is active but not running
+(that is, it has resumed another coroutine);
+and <code>"dead"</code> if the coroutine has finished its body function,
+or if it has stopped with an error.
+
+
+
+
+<p>
+<hr><h3><a name="pdf-coroutine.wrap"><code>coroutine.wrap (f)</code></a></h3>
+
+
+<p>
+Creates a new coroutine, with body <code>f</code>.
+<code>f</code> must be a Lua function.
+Returns a function that resumes the coroutine each time it is called.
+Any arguments passed to the function behave as the
+extra arguments to <code>resume</code>.
+Returns the same values returned by <code>resume</code>,
+except the first boolean.
+In case of error, propagates the error.
+
+
+
+
+<p>
+<hr><h3><a name="pdf-coroutine.yield"><code>coroutine.yield (···)</code></a></h3>
+
+
+<p>
+Suspends the execution of the calling coroutine.
+The coroutine cannot be running a C function,
+a metamethod, or an iterator.
+Any arguments to <code>yield</code> are passed as extra results to <code>resume</code>.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+<h2>5.3 - <a name="5.3">Modules</a></h2>
+
+<p>
+The package library provides basic
+facilities for loading and building modules in Lua.
+It exports two of its functions directly in the global environment:
+<a href="#pdf-require"><code>require</code></a> and <a href="#pdf-module"><code>module</code></a>.
+Everything else is exported in a table <a name="pdf-package"><code>package</code></a>.
+
+
+<p>
+<hr><h3><a name="pdf-module"><code>module (name [, ···])</code></a></h3>
+
+
+<p>
+Creates a module.
+If there is a table in <code>package.loaded[name]</code>,
+this table is the module.
+Otherwise, if there is a global table <code>t</code> with the given name,
+this table is the module.
+Otherwise creates a new table <code>t</code> and
+sets it as the value of the global <code>name</code> and
+the value of <code>package.loaded[name]</code>.
+This function also initializes <code>t._NAME</code> with the given name,
+<code>t._M</code> with the module (<code>t</code> itself),
+and <code>t._PACKAGE</code> with the package name
+(the full module name minus last component; see below).
+Finally, <code>module</code> sets <code>t</code> as the new environment
+of the current function and the new value of <code>package.loaded[name]</code>,
+so that <a href="#pdf-require"><code>require</code></a> returns <code>t</code>.
+
+
+<p>
+If <code>name</code> is a compound name
+(that is, one with components separated by dots),
+<code>module</code> creates (or reuses, if they already exist)
+tables for each component.
+For instance, if <code>name</code> is <code>a.b.c</code>,
+then <code>module</code> stores the module table in field <code>c</code> of
+field <code>b</code> of global <code>a</code>.
+
+
+<p>
+This function can receive optional <em>options</em> after
+the module name,
+where each option is a function to be applied over the module.
+
+
+
+
+<p>
+<hr><h3><a name="pdf-require"><code>require (modname)</code></a></h3>
+
+
+<p>
+Loads the given module.
+The function starts by looking into the <a href="#pdf-package.loaded"><code>package.loaded</code></a> table
+to determine whether <code>modname</code> is already loaded.
+If it is, then <code>require</code> returns the value stored
+at <code>package.loaded[modname]</code>.
+Otherwise, it tries to find a <em>loader</em> for the module.
+
+
+<p>
+To find a loader,
+<code>require</code> is guided by the <a href="#pdf-package.loaders"><code>package.loaders</code></a> array.
+By changing this array,
+we can change how <code>require</code> looks for a module.
+The following explanation is based on the default configuration
+for <a href="#pdf-package.loaders"><code>package.loaders</code></a>.
+
+
+<p>
+First <code>require</code> queries <code>package.preload[modname]</code>.
+If it has a value,
+this value (which should be a function) is the loader.
+Otherwise <code>require</code> searches for a Lua loader using the
+path stored in <a href="#pdf-package.path"><code>package.path</code></a>.
+If that also fails, it searches for a C loader using the
+path stored in <a href="#pdf-package.cpath"><code>package.cpath</code></a>.
+If that also fails,
+it tries an <em>all-in-one</em> loader (see <a href="#pdf-package.loaders"><code>package.loaders</code></a>).
+
+
+<p>
+Once a loader is found,
+<code>require</code> calls the loader with a single argument, <code>modname</code>.
+If the loader returns any value,
+<code>require</code> assigns the returned value to <code>package.loaded[modname]</code>.
+If the loader returns no value and
+has not assigned any value to <code>package.loaded[modname]</code>,
+then <code>require</code> assigns <b>true</b> to this entry.
+In any case, <code>require</code> returns the
+final value of <code>package.loaded[modname]</code>.
+
+
+<p>
+If there is any error loading or running the module,
+or if it cannot find any loader for the module,
+then <code>require</code> signals an error.
+
+
+
+
+<p>
+<hr><h3><a name="pdf-package.cpath"><code>package.cpath</code></a></h3>
+
+
+<p>
+The path used by <a href="#pdf-require"><code>require</code></a> to search for a C loader.
+
+
+<p>
+Lua initializes the C path <a href="#pdf-package.cpath"><code>package.cpath</code></a> in the same way
+it initializes the Lua path <a href="#pdf-package.path"><code>package.path</code></a>,
+using the environment variable <a name="pdf-LUA_CPATH"><code>LUA_CPATH</code></a>
+or a default path defined in <code>luaconf.h</code>.
+
+
+
+
+<p>
+
+<hr><h3><a name="pdf-package.loaded"><code>package.loaded</code></a></h3>
+
+
+<p>
+A table used by <a href="#pdf-require"><code>require</code></a> to control which
+modules are already loaded.
+When you require a module <code>modname</code> and
+<code>package.loaded[modname]</code> is not false,
+<a href="#pdf-require"><code>require</code></a> simply returns the value stored there.
+
+
+
+
+<p>
+<hr><h3><a name="pdf-package.loaders"><code>package.loaders</code></a></h3>
+
+
+<p>
+A table used by <a href="#pdf-require"><code>require</code></a> to control how to load modules.
+
+
+<p>
+Each entry in this table is a <em>searcher function</em>.
+When looking for a module,
+<a href="#pdf-require"><code>require</code></a> calls each of these searchers in ascending order,
+with the module name (the argument given to <a href="#pdf-require"><code>require</code></a>) as its
+sole parameter.
+The function can return another function (the module <em>loader</em>)
+or a string explaining why it did not find that module
+(or <b>nil</b> if it has nothing to say).
+Lua initializes this table with four functions.
+
+
+<p>
+The first searcher simply looks for a loader in the
+<a href="#pdf-package.preload"><code>package.preload</code></a> table.
+
+
+<p>
+The second searcher looks for a loader as a Lua library,
+using the path stored at <a href="#pdf-package.path"><code>package.path</code></a>.
+A path is a sequence of <em>templates</em> separated by semicolons.
+For each template,
+the searcher will change each interrogation
+mark in the template by <code>filename</code>,
+which is the module name with each dot replaced by a
+"directory separator" (such as "<code>/</code>" in Unix);
+then it will try to open the resulting file name.
+So, for instance, if the Lua path is the string
+
+<pre>
+ "./?.lua;./?.lc;/usr/local/?/init.lua"
+</pre><p>
+the search for a Lua file for module <code>foo</code>
+will try to open the files
+<code>./foo.lua</code>, <code>./foo.lc</code>, and
+<code>/usr/local/foo/init.lua</code>, in that order.
+
+
+<p>
+The third searcher looks for a loader as a C library,
+using the path given by the variable <a href="#pdf-package.cpath"><code>package.cpath</code></a>.
+For instance,
+if the C path is the string
+
+<pre>
+ "./?.so;./?.dll;/usr/local/?/init.so"
+</pre><p>
+the searcher for module <code>foo</code>
+will try to open the files <code>./foo.so</code>, <code>./foo.dll</code>,
+and <code>/usr/local/foo/init.so</code>, in that order.
+Once it finds a C library,
+this searcher first uses a dynamic link facility to link the
+application with the library.
+Then it tries to find a C function inside the library to
+be used as the loader.
+The name of this C function is the string "<code>luaopen_</code>"
+concatenated with a copy of the module name where each dot
+is replaced by an underscore.
+Moreover, if the module name has a hyphen,
+its prefix up to (and including) the first hyphen is removed.
+For instance, if the module name is <code>a.v1-b.c</code>,
+the function name will be <code>luaopen_b_c</code>.
+
+
+<p>
+The fourth searcher tries an <em>all-in-one loader</em>.
+It searches the C path for a library for
+the root name of the given module.
+For instance, when requiring <code>a.b.c</code>,
+it will search for a C library for <code>a</code>.
+If found, it looks into it for an open function for
+the submodule;
+in our example, that would be <code>luaopen_a_b_c</code>.
+With this facility, a package can pack several C submodules
+into one single library,
+with each submodule keeping its original open function.
+
+
+
+
+<p>
+<hr><h3><a name="pdf-package.loadlib"><code>package.loadlib (libname, funcname)</code></a></h3>
+
+
+<p>
+Dynamically links the host program with the C library <code>libname</code>.
+Inside this library, looks for a function <code>funcname</code>
+and returns this function as a C function.
+(So, <code>funcname</code> must follow the protocol (see <a href="#lua_CFunction"><code>lua_CFunction</code></a>)).
+
+
+<p>
+This is a low-level function.
+It completely bypasses the package and module system.
+Unlike <a href="#pdf-require"><code>require</code></a>,
+it does not perform any path searching and
+does not automatically adds extensions.
+<code>libname</code> must be the complete file name of the C library,
+including if necessary a path and extension.
+<code>funcname</code> must be the exact name exported by the C library
+(which may depend on the C compiler and linker used).
+
+
+<p>
+This function is not supported by ANSI C.
+As such, it is only available on some platforms
+(Windows, Linux, Mac OS X, Solaris, BSD,
+plus other Unix systems that support the <code>dlfcn</code> standard).
+
+
+
+
+<p>
+<hr><h3><a name="pdf-package.path"><code>package.path</code></a></h3>
+
+
+<p>
+The path used by <a href="#pdf-require"><code>require</code></a> to search for a Lua loader.
+
+
+<p>
+At start-up, Lua initializes this variable with
+the value of the environment variable <a name="pdf-LUA_PATH"><code>LUA_PATH</code></a> or
+with a default path defined in <code>luaconf.h</code>,
+if the environment variable is not defined.
+Any "<code>;;</code>" in the value of the environment variable
+is replaced by the default path.
+
+
+
+
+<p>
+<hr><h3><a name="pdf-package.preload"><code>package.preload</code></a></h3>
+
+
+<p>
+A table to store loaders for specific modules
+(see <a href="#pdf-require"><code>require</code></a>).
+
+
+
+
+<p>
+<hr><h3><a name="pdf-package.seeall"><code>package.seeall (module)</code></a></h3>
+
+
+<p>
+Sets a metatable for <code>module</code> with
+its <code>__index</code> field referring to the global environment,
+so that this module inherits values
+from the global environment.
+To be used as an option to function <a href="#pdf-module"><code>module</code></a>.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+<h2>5.4 - <a name="5.4">String Manipulation</a></h2>
+
+<p>
+This library provides generic functions for string manipulation,
+such as finding and extracting substrings, and pattern matching.
+When indexing a string in Lua, the first character is at position 1
+(not at 0, as in C).
+Indices are allowed to be negative and are interpreted as indexing backwards,
+from the end of the string.
+Thus, the last character is at position -1, and so on.
+
+
+<p>
+The string library provides all its functions inside the table
+<a name="pdf-string"><code>string</code></a>.
+It also sets a metatable for strings
+where the <code>__index</code> field points to the <code>string</code> table.
+Therefore, you can use the string functions in object-oriented style.
+For instance, <code>string.byte(s, i)</code>
+can be written as <code>s:byte(i)</code>.
+
+
+<p>
+The string library assumes one-byte character encodings.
+
+
+<p>
+<hr><h3><a name="pdf-string.byte"><code>string.byte (s [, i [, j]])</code></a></h3>
+Returns the internal numerical codes of the characters <code>s[i]</code>,
+<code>s[i+1]</code>, ···, <code>s[j]</code>.
+The default value for <code>i</code> is 1;
+the default value for <code>j</code> is <code>i</code>.
+
+
+<p>
+Note that numerical codes are not necessarily portable across platforms.
+
+
+
+
+<p>
+<hr><h3><a name="pdf-string.char"><code>string.char (···)</code></a></h3>
+Receives zero or more integers.
+Returns a string with length equal to the number of arguments,
+in which each character has the internal numerical code equal
+to its corresponding argument.
+
+
+<p>
+Note that numerical codes are not necessarily portable across platforms.
+
+
+
+
+<p>
+<hr><h3><a name="pdf-string.dump"><code>string.dump (function)</code></a></h3>
+
+
+<p>
+Returns a string containing a binary representation of the given function,
+so that a later <a href="#pdf-loadstring"><code>loadstring</code></a> on this string returns
+a copy of the function.
+<code>function</code> must be a Lua function without upvalues.
+
+
+
+
+<p>
+<hr><h3><a name="pdf-string.find"><code>string.find (s, pattern [, init [, plain]])</code></a></h3>
+Looks for the first match of
+<code>pattern</code> in the string <code>s</code>.
+If it finds a match, then <code>find</code> returns the indices of <code>s</code>
+where this occurrence starts and ends;
+otherwise, it returns <b>nil</b>.
+A third, optional numerical argument <code>init</code> specifies
+where to start the search;
+its default value is 1 and can be negative.
+A value of <b>true</b> as a fourth, optional argument <code>plain</code>
+turns off the pattern matching facilities,
+so the function does a plain "find substring" operation,
+with no characters in <code>pattern</code> being considered "magic".
+Note that if <code>plain</code> is given, then <code>init</code> must be given as well.
+
+
+<p>
+If the pattern has captures,
+then in a successful match
+the captured values are also returned,
+after the two indices.
+
+
+
+
+<p>
+<hr><h3><a name="pdf-string.format"><code>string.format (formatstring, ···)</code></a></h3>
+Returns a formatted version of its variable number of arguments
+following the description given in its first argument (which must be a string).
+The format string follows the same rules as the <code>printf</code> family of
+standard C functions.
+The only differences are that the options/modifiers
+<code>*</code>, <code>l</code>, <code>L</code>, <code>n</code>, <code>p</code>,
+and <code>h</code> are not supported
+and that there is an extra option, <code>q</code>.
+The <code>q</code> option formats a string in a form suitable to be safely read
+back by the Lua interpreter:
+the string is written between double quotes,
+and all double quotes, newlines, embedded zeros,
+and backslashes in the string
+are correctly escaped when written.
+For instance, the call
+
+<pre>
+ string.format('%q', 'a string with "quotes" and \n new line')
+</pre><p>
+will produce the string:
+
+<pre>
+ "a string with \"quotes\" and \
+ new line"
+</pre>
+
+<p>
+The options <code>c</code>, <code>d</code>, <code>E</code>, <code>e</code>, <code>f</code>,
+<code>g</code>, <code>G</code>, <code>i</code>, <code>o</code>, <code>u</code>, <code>X</code>, and <code>x</code> all
+expect a number as argument,
+whereas <code>q</code> and <code>s</code> expect a string.
+
+
+<p>
+This function does not accept string values
+containing embedded zeros,
+except as arguments to the <code>q</code> option.
+
+
+
+
+<p>
+<hr><h3><a name="pdf-string.gmatch"><code>string.gmatch (s, pattern)</code></a></h3>
+Returns an iterator function that,
+each time it is called,
+returns the next captures from <code>pattern</code> over string <code>s</code>.
+If <code>pattern</code> specifies no captures,
+then the whole match is produced in each call.
+
+
+<p>
+As an example, the following loop
+
+<pre>
+ s = "hello world from Lua"
+ for w in string.gmatch(s, "%a+") do
+ print(w)
+ end
+</pre><p>
+will iterate over all the words from string <code>s</code>,
+printing one per line.
+The next example collects all pairs <code>key=value</code> from the
+given string into a table:
+
+<pre>
+ t = {}
+ s = "from=world, to=Lua"
+ for k, v in string.gmatch(s, "(%w+)=(%w+)") do
+ t[k] = v
+ end
+</pre>
+
+<p>
+For this function, a '<code>^</code>' at the start of a pattern does not
+work as an anchor, as this would prevent the iteration.
+
+
+
+
+<p>
+<hr><h3><a name="pdf-string.gsub"><code>string.gsub (s, pattern, repl [, n])</code></a></h3>
+Returns a copy of <code>s</code>
+in which all (or the first <code>n</code>, if given)
+occurrences of the <code>pattern</code> have been
+replaced by a replacement string specified by <code>repl</code>,
+which can be a string, a table, or a function.
+<code>gsub</code> also returns, as its second value,
+the total number of matches that occurred.
+
+
+<p>
+If <code>repl</code> is a string, then its value is used for replacement.
+The character <code>%</code> works as an escape character:
+any sequence in <code>repl</code> of the form <code>%<em>n</em></code>,
+with <em>n</em> between 1 and 9,
+stands for the value of the <em>n</em>-th captured substring (see below).
+The sequence <code>%0</code> stands for the whole match.
+The sequence <code>%%</code> stands for a single <code>%</code>.
+
+
+<p>
+If <code>repl</code> is a table, then the table is queried for every match,
+using the first capture as the key;
+if the pattern specifies no captures,
+then the whole match is used as the key.
+
+
+<p>
+If <code>repl</code> is a function, then this function is called every time a
+match occurs, with all captured substrings passed as arguments,
+in order;
+if the pattern specifies no captures,
+then the whole match is passed as a sole argument.
+
+
+<p>
+If the value returned by the table query or by the function call
+is a string or a number,
+then it is used as the replacement string;
+otherwise, if it is <b>false</b> or <b>nil</b>,
+then there is no replacement
+(that is, the original match is kept in the string).
+
+
+<p>
+Here are some examples:
+
+<pre>
+ x = string.gsub("hello world", "(%w+)", "%1 %1")
+ --> x="hello hello world world"
+
+ x = string.gsub("hello world", "%w+", "%0 %0", 1)
+ --> x="hello hello world"
+
+ x = string.gsub("hello world from Lua", "(%w+)%s*(%w+)", "%2 %1")
+ --> x="world hello Lua from"
+
+ x = string.gsub("home = $HOME, user = $USER", "%$(%w+)", os.getenv)
+ --> x="home = /home/roberto, user = roberto"
+
+ x = string.gsub("4+5 = $return 4+5$", "%$(.-)%$", function (s)
+ return loadstring(s)()
+ end)
+ --> x="4+5 = 9"
+
+ local t = {name="lua", version="5.1"}
+ x = string.gsub("$name-$version.tar.gz", "%$(%w+)", t)
+ --> x="lua-5.1.tar.gz"
+</pre>
+
+
+
+<p>
+<hr><h3><a name="pdf-string.len"><code>string.len (s)</code></a></h3>
+Receives a string and returns its length.
+The empty string <code>""</code> has length 0.
+Embedded zeros are counted,
+so <code>"a\000bc\000"</code> has length 5.
+
+
+
+
+<p>
+<hr><h3><a name="pdf-string.lower"><code>string.lower (s)</code></a></h3>
+Receives a string and returns a copy of this string with all
+uppercase letters changed to lowercase.
+All other characters are left unchanged.
+The definition of what an uppercase letter is depends on the current locale.
+
+
+
+
+<p>
+<hr><h3><a name="pdf-string.match"><code>string.match (s, pattern [, init])</code></a></h3>
+Looks for the first <em>match</em> of
+<code>pattern</code> in the string <code>s</code>.
+If it finds one, then <code>match</code> returns
+the captures from the pattern;
+otherwise it returns <b>nil</b>.
+If <code>pattern</code> specifies no captures,
+then the whole match is returned.
+A third, optional numerical argument <code>init</code> specifies
+where to start the search;
+its default value is 1 and can be negative.
+
+
+
+
+<p>
+<hr><h3><a name="pdf-string.rep"><code>string.rep (s, n)</code></a></h3>
+Returns a string that is the concatenation of <code>n</code> copies of
+the string <code>s</code>.
+
+
+
+
+<p>
+<hr><h3><a name="pdf-string.reverse"><code>string.reverse (s)</code></a></h3>
+Returns a string that is the string <code>s</code> reversed.
+
+
+
+
+<p>
+<hr><h3><a name="pdf-string.sub"><code>string.sub (s, i [, j])</code></a></h3>
+Returns the substring of <code>s</code> that
+starts at <code>i</code> and continues until <code>j</code>;
+<code>i</code> and <code>j</code> can be negative.
+If <code>j</code> is absent, then it is assumed to be equal to -1
+(which is the same as the string length).
+In particular,
+the call <code>string.sub(s,1,j)</code> returns a prefix of <code>s</code>
+with length <code>j</code>,
+and <code>string.sub(s, -i)</code> returns a suffix of <code>s</code>
+with length <code>i</code>.
+
+
+
+
+<p>
+<hr><h3><a name="pdf-string.upper"><code>string.upper (s)</code></a></h3>
+Receives a string and returns a copy of this string with all
+lowercase letters changed to uppercase.
+All other characters are left unchanged.
+The definition of what a lowercase letter is depends on the current locale.
+
+
+
+<h3>5.4.1 - <a name="5.4.1">Patterns</a></h3>
+
+
+<h4>Character Class:</h4><p>
+A <em>character class</em> is used to represent a set of characters.
+The following combinations are allowed in describing a character class:
+
+<ul>
+
+<li><b><em>x</em>:</b>
+(where <em>x</em> is not one of the <em>magic characters</em>
+<code>^$()%.[]*+-?</code>)
+represents the character <em>x</em> itself.
+</li>
+
+<li><b><code>.</code>:</b> (a dot) represents all characters.</li>
+
+<li><b><code>%a</code>:</b> represents all letters.</li>
+
+<li><b><code>%c</code>:</b> represents all control characters.</li>
+
+<li><b><code>%d</code>:</b> represents all digits.</li>
+
+<li><b><code>%l</code>:</b> represents all lowercase letters.</li>
+
+<li><b><code>%p</code>:</b> represents all punctuation characters.</li>
+
+<li><b><code>%s</code>:</b> represents all space characters.</li>
+
+<li><b><code>%u</code>:</b> represents all uppercase letters.</li>
+
+<li><b><code>%w</code>:</b> represents all alphanumeric characters.</li>
+
+<li><b><code>%x</code>:</b> represents all hexadecimal digits.</li>
+
+<li><b><code>%z</code>:</b> represents the character with representation 0.</li>
+
+<li><b><code>%<em>x</em></code>:</b> (where <em>x</em> is any non-alphanumeric character)
+represents the character <em>x</em>.
+This is the standard way to escape the magic characters.
+Any punctuation character (even the non magic)
+can be preceded by a '<code>%</code>'
+when used to represent itself in a pattern.
+</li>
+
+<li><b><code>[<em>set</em>]</code>:</b>
+represents the class which is the union of all
+characters in <em>set</em>.
+A range of characters can be specified by
+separating the end characters of the range with a '<code>-</code>'.
+All classes <code>%</code><em>x</em> described above can also be used as
+components in <em>set</em>.
+All other characters in <em>set</em> represent themselves.
+For example, <code>[%w_]</code> (or <code>[_%w]</code>)
+represents all alphanumeric characters plus the underscore,
+<code>[0-7]</code> represents the octal digits,
+and <code>[0-7%l%-]</code> represents the octal digits plus
+the lowercase letters plus the '<code>-</code>' character.
+
+
+<p>
+The interaction between ranges and classes is not defined.
+Therefore, patterns like <code>[%a-z]</code> or <code>[a-%%]</code>
+have no meaning.
+</li>
+
+<li><b><code>[^<em>set</em>]</code>:</b>
+represents the complement of <em>set</em>,
+where <em>set</em> is interpreted as above.
+</li>
+
+</ul><p>
+For all classes represented by single letters (<code>%a</code>, <code>%c</code>, etc.),
+the corresponding uppercase letter represents the complement of the class.
+For instance, <code>%S</code> represents all non-space characters.
+
+
+<p>
+The definitions of letter, space, and other character groups
+depend on the current locale.
+In particular, the class <code>[a-z]</code> may not be equivalent to <code>%l</code>.
+
+
+
+
+
+<h4>Pattern Item:</h4><p>
+A <em>pattern item</em> can be
+
+<ul>
+
+<li>
+a single character class,
+which matches any single character in the class;
+</li>
+
+<li>
+a single character class followed by '<code>*</code>',
+which matches 0 or more repetitions of characters in the class.
+These repetition items will always match the longest possible sequence;
+</li>
+
+<li>
+a single character class followed by '<code>+</code>',
+which matches 1 or more repetitions of characters in the class.
+These repetition items will always match the longest possible sequence;
+</li>
+
+<li>
+a single character class followed by '<code>-</code>',
+which also matches 0 or more repetitions of characters in the class.
+Unlike '<code>*</code>',
+these repetition items will always match the <em>shortest</em> possible sequence;
+</li>
+
+<li>
+a single character class followed by '<code>?</code>',
+which matches 0 or 1 occurrence of a character in the class;
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<code>%<em>n</em></code>, for <em>n</em> between 1 and 9;
+such item matches a substring equal to the <em>n</em>-th captured string
+(see below);
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<code>%b<em>xy</em></code>, where <em>x</em> and <em>y</em> are two distinct characters;
+such item matches strings that start with <em>x</em>, end with <em>y</em>,
+and where the <em>x</em> and <em>y</em> are <em>balanced</em>.
+This means that, if one reads the string from left to right,
+counting <em>+1</em> for an <em>x</em> and <em>-1</em> for a <em>y</em>,
+the ending <em>y</em> is the first <em>y</em> where the count reaches 0.
+For instance, the item <code>%b()</code> matches expressions with
+balanced parentheses.
+</li>
+
+</ul>
+
+
+
+
+<h4>Pattern:</h4><p>
+A <em>pattern</em> is a sequence of pattern items.
+A '<code>^</code>' at the beginning of a pattern anchors the match at the
+beginning of the subject string.
+A '<code>$</code>' at the end of a pattern anchors the match at the
+end of the subject string.
+At other positions,
+'<code>^</code>' and '<code>$</code>' have no special meaning and represent themselves.
+
+
+
+
+
+<h4>Captures:</h4><p>
+A pattern can contain sub-patterns enclosed in parentheses;
+they describe <em>captures</em>.
+When a match succeeds, the substrings of the subject string
+that match captures are stored (<em>captured</em>) for future use.
+Captures are numbered according to their left parentheses.
+For instance, in the pattern <code>"(a*(.)%w(%s*))"</code>,
+the part of the string matching <code>"a*(.)%w(%s*)"</code> is
+stored as the first capture (and therefore has number 1);
+the character matching "<code>.</code>" is captured with number 2,
+and the part matching "<code>%s*</code>" has number 3.
+
+
+<p>
+As a special case, the empty capture <code>()</code> captures
+the current string position (a number).
+For instance, if we apply the pattern <code>"()aa()"</code> on the
+string <code>"flaaap"</code>, there will be two captures: 3 and 5.
+
+
+<p>
+A pattern cannot contain embedded zeros. Use <code>%z</code> instead.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+<h2>5.5 - <a name="5.5">Table Manipulation</a></h2><p>
+This library provides generic functions for table manipulation.
+It provides all its functions inside the table <a name="pdf-table"><code>table</code></a>.
+
+
+<p>
+Most functions in the table library assume that the table
+represents an array or a list.
+For these functions, when we talk about the "length" of a table
+we mean the result of the length operator.
+
+
+<p>
+<hr><h3><a name="pdf-table.concat"><code>table.concat (table [, sep [, i [, j]]])</code></a></h3>
+Given an array where all elements are strings or numbers,
+returns <code>table[i]..sep..table[i+1] ··· sep..table[j]</code>.
+The default value for <code>sep</code> is the empty string,
+the default for <code>i</code> is 1,
+and the default for <code>j</code> is the length of the table.
+If <code>i</code> is greater than <code>j</code>, returns the empty string.
+
+
+
+
+<p>
+<hr><h3><a name="pdf-table.insert"><code>table.insert (table, [pos,] value)</code></a></h3>
+
+
+<p>
+Inserts element <code>value</code> at position <code>pos</code> in <code>table</code>,
+shifting up other elements to open space, if necessary.
+The default value for <code>pos</code> is <code>n+1</code>,
+where <code>n</code> is the length of the table (see <a href="#2.5.5">§2.5.5</a>),
+so that a call <code>table.insert(t,x)</code> inserts <code>x</code> at the end
+of table <code>t</code>.
+
+
+
+
+<p>
+<hr><h3><a name="pdf-table.maxn"><code>table.maxn (table)</code></a></h3>
+
+
+<p>
+Returns the largest positive numerical index of the given table,
+or zero if the table has no positive numerical indices.
+(To do its job this function does a linear traversal of
+the whole table.)
+
+
+
+
+<p>
+<hr><h3><a name="pdf-table.remove"><code>table.remove (table [, pos])</code></a></h3>
+
+
+<p>
+Removes from <code>table</code> the element at position <code>pos</code>,
+shifting down other elements to close the space, if necessary.
+Returns the value of the removed element.
+The default value for <code>pos</code> is <code>n</code>,
+where <code>n</code> is the length of the table,
+so that a call <code>table.remove(t)</code> removes the last element
+of table <code>t</code>.
+
+
+
+
+<p>
+<hr><h3><a name="pdf-table.sort"><code>table.sort (table [, comp])</code></a></h3>
+Sorts table elements in a given order, <em>in-place</em>,
+from <code>table[1]</code> to <code>table[n]</code>,
+where <code>n</code> is the length of the table.
+If <code>comp</code> is given,
+then it must be a function that receives two table elements,
+and returns true
+when the first is less than the second
+(so that <code>not comp(a[i+1],a[i])</code> will be true after the sort).
+If <code>comp</code> is not given,
+then the standard Lua operator <code><</code> is used instead.
+
+
+<p>
+The sort algorithm is not stable;
+that is, elements considered equal by the given order
+may have their relative positions changed by the sort.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+<h2>5.6 - <a name="5.6">Mathematical Functions</a></h2>
+
+<p>
+This library is an interface to the standard C math library.
+It provides all its functions inside the table <a name="pdf-math"><code>math</code></a>.
+
+
+<p>
+<hr><h3><a name="pdf-math.abs"><code>math.abs (x)</code></a></h3>
+
+
+<p>
+Returns the absolute value of <code>x</code>.
+
+
+
+
+<p>
+<hr><h3><a name="pdf-math.acos"><code>math.acos (x)</code></a></h3>
+
+
+<p>
+Returns the arc cosine of <code>x</code> (in radians).
+
+
+
+
+<p>
+<hr><h3><a name="pdf-math.asin"><code>math.asin (x)</code></a></h3>
+
+
+<p>
+Returns the arc sine of <code>x</code> (in radians).
+
+
+
+
+<p>
+<hr><h3><a name="pdf-math.atan"><code>math.atan (x)</code></a></h3>
+
+
+<p>
+Returns the arc tangent of <code>x</code> (in radians).
+
+
+
+
+<p>
+<hr><h3><a name="pdf-math.atan2"><code>math.atan2 (y, x)</code></a></h3>
+
+
+<p>
+Returns the arc tangent of <code>y/x</code> (in radians),
+but uses the signs of both parameters to find the
+quadrant of the result.
+(It also handles correctly the case of <code>x</code> being zero.)
+
+
+
+
+<p>
+<hr><h3><a name="pdf-math.ceil"><code>math.ceil (x)</code></a></h3>
+
+
+<p>
+Returns the smallest integer larger than or equal to <code>x</code>.
+
+
+
+
+<p>
+<hr><h3><a name="pdf-math.cos"><code>math.cos (x)</code></a></h3>
+
+
+<p>
+Returns the cosine of <code>x</code> (assumed to be in radians).
+
+
+
+
+<p>
+<hr><h3><a name="pdf-math.cosh"><code>math.cosh (x)</code></a></h3>
+
+
+<p>
+Returns the hyperbolic cosine of <code>x</code>.
+
+
+
+
+<p>
+<hr><h3><a name="pdf-math.deg"><code>math.deg (x)</code></a></h3>
+
+
+<p>
+Returns the angle <code>x</code> (given in radians) in degrees.
+
+
+
+
+<p>
+<hr><h3><a name="pdf-math.exp"><code>math.exp (x)</code></a></h3>
+
+
+<p>
+Returns the value <em>e<sup>x</sup></em>.
+
+
+
+
+<p>
+<hr><h3><a name="pdf-math.floor"><code>math.floor (x)</code></a></h3>
+
+
+<p>
+Returns the largest integer smaller than or equal to <code>x</code>.
+
+
+
+
+<p>
+<hr><h3><a name="pdf-math.fmod"><code>math.fmod (x, y)</code></a></h3>
+
+
+<p>
+Returns the remainder of the division of <code>x</code> by <code>y</code>
+that rounds the quotient towards zero.
+
+
+
+
+<p>
+<hr><h3><a name="pdf-math.frexp"><code>math.frexp (x)</code></a></h3>
+
+
+<p>
+Returns <code>m</code> and <code>e</code> such that <em>x = m2<sup>e</sup></em>,
+<code>e</code> is an integer and the absolute value of <code>m</code> is
+in the range <em>[0.5, 1)</em>
+(or zero when <code>x</code> is zero).
+
+
+
+
+<p>
+<hr><h3><a name="pdf-math.huge"><code>math.huge</code></a></h3>
+
+
+<p>
+The value <code>HUGE_VAL</code>,
+a value larger than or equal to any other numerical value.
+
+
+
+
+<p>
+<hr><h3><a name="pdf-math.ldexp"><code>math.ldexp (m, e)</code></a></h3>
+
+
+<p>
+Returns <em>m2<sup>e</sup></em> (<code>e</code> should be an integer).
+
+
+
+
+<p>
+<hr><h3><a name="pdf-math.log"><code>math.log (x)</code></a></h3>
+
+
+<p>
+Returns the natural logarithm of <code>x</code>.
+
+
+
+
+<p>
+<hr><h3><a name="pdf-math.log10"><code>math.log10 (x)</code></a></h3>
+
+
+<p>
+Returns the base-10 logarithm of <code>x</code>.
+
+
+
+
+<p>
+<hr><h3><a name="pdf-math.max"><code>math.max (x, ···)</code></a></h3>
+
+
+<p>
+Returns the maximum value among its arguments.
+
+
+
+
+<p>
+<hr><h3><a name="pdf-math.min"><code>math.min (x, ···)</code></a></h3>
+
+
+<p>
+Returns the minimum value among its arguments.
+
+
+
+
+<p>
+<hr><h3><a name="pdf-math.modf"><code>math.modf (x)</code></a></h3>
+
+
+<p>
+Returns two numbers,
+the integral part of <code>x</code> and the fractional part of <code>x</code>.
+
+
+
+
+<p>
+<hr><h3><a name="pdf-math.pi"><code>math.pi</code></a></h3>
+
+
+<p>
+The value of <em>pi</em>.
+
+
+
+
+<p>
+<hr><h3><a name="pdf-math.pow"><code>math.pow (x, y)</code></a></h3>
+
+
+<p>
+Returns <em>x<sup>y</sup></em>.
+(You can also use the expression <code>x^y</code> to compute this value.)
+
+
+
+
+<p>
+<hr><h3><a name="pdf-math.rad"><code>math.rad (x)</code></a></h3>
+
+
+<p>
+Returns the angle <code>x</code> (given in degrees) in radians.
+
+
+
+
+<p>
+<hr><h3><a name="pdf-math.random"><code>math.random ([m [, n]])</code></a></h3>
+
+
+<p>
+This function is an interface to the simple
+pseudo-random generator function <code>rand</code> provided by ANSI C.
+(No guarantees can be given for its statistical properties.)
+
+
+<p>
+When called without arguments,
+returns a uniform pseudo-random real number
+in the range <em>[0,1)</em>.
+When called with an integer number <code>m</code>,
+<code>math.random</code> returns
+a uniform pseudo-random integer in the range <em>[1, m]</em>.
+When called with two integer numbers <code>m</code> and <code>n</code>,
+<code>math.random</code> returns a uniform pseudo-random
+integer in the range <em>[m, n]</em>.
+
+
+
+
+<p>
+<hr><h3><a name="pdf-math.randomseed"><code>math.randomseed (x)</code></a></h3>
+
+
+<p>
+Sets <code>x</code> as the "seed"
+for the pseudo-random generator:
+equal seeds produce equal sequences of numbers.
+
+
+
+
+<p>
+<hr><h3><a name="pdf-math.sin"><code>math.sin (x)</code></a></h3>
+
+
+<p>
+Returns the sine of <code>x</code> (assumed to be in radians).
+
+
+
+
+<p>
+<hr><h3><a name="pdf-math.sinh"><code>math.sinh (x)</code></a></h3>
+
+
+<p>
+Returns the hyperbolic sine of <code>x</code>.
+
+
+
+
+<p>
+<hr><h3><a name="pdf-math.sqrt"><code>math.sqrt (x)</code></a></h3>
+
+
+<p>
+Returns the square root of <code>x</code>.
+(You can also use the expression <code>x^0.5</code> to compute this value.)
+
+
+
+
+<p>
+<hr><h3><a name="pdf-math.tan"><code>math.tan (x)</code></a></h3>
+
+
+<p>
+Returns the tangent of <code>x</code> (assumed to be in radians).
+
+
+
+
+<p>
+<hr><h3><a name="pdf-math.tanh"><code>math.tanh (x)</code></a></h3>
+
+
+<p>
+Returns the hyperbolic tangent of <code>x</code>.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+<h2>5.7 - <a name="5.7">Input and Output Facilities</a></h2>
+
+<p>
+The I/O library provides two different styles for file manipulation.
+The first one uses implicit file descriptors;
+that is, there are operations to set a default input file and a
+default output file,
+and all input/output operations are over these default files.
+The second style uses explicit file descriptors.
+
+
+<p>
+When using implicit file descriptors,
+all operations are supplied by table <a name="pdf-io"><code>io</code></a>.
+When using explicit file descriptors,
+the operation <a href="#pdf-io.open"><code>io.open</code></a> returns a file descriptor
+and then all operations are supplied as methods of the file descriptor.
+
+
+<p>
+The table <code>io</code> also provides
+three predefined file descriptors with their usual meanings from C:
+<a name="pdf-io.stdin"><code>io.stdin</code></a>, <a name="pdf-io.stdout"><code>io.stdout</code></a>, and <a name="pdf-io.stderr"><code>io.stderr</code></a>.
+The I/O library never closes these files.
+
+
+<p>
+Unless otherwise stated,
+all I/O functions return <b>nil</b> on failure
+(plus an error message as a second result and
+a system-dependent error code as a third result)
+and some value different from <b>nil</b> on success.
+
+
+<p>
+<hr><h3><a name="pdf-io.close"><code>io.close ([file])</code></a></h3>
+
+
+<p>
+Equivalent to <code>file:close()</code>.
+Without a <code>file</code>, closes the default output file.
+
+
+
+
+<p>
+<hr><h3><a name="pdf-io.flush"><code>io.flush ()</code></a></h3>
+
+
+<p>
+Equivalent to <code>file:flush</code> over the default output file.
+
+
+
+
+<p>
+<hr><h3><a name="pdf-io.input"><code>io.input ([file])</code></a></h3>
+
+
+<p>
+When called with a file name, it opens the named file (in text mode),
+and sets its handle as the default input file.
+When called with a file handle,
+it simply sets this file handle as the default input file.
+When called without parameters,
+it returns the current default input file.
+
+
+<p>
+In case of errors this function raises the error,
+instead of returning an error code.
+
+
+
+
+<p>
+<hr><h3><a name="pdf-io.lines"><code>io.lines ([filename])</code></a></h3>
+
+
+<p>
+Opens the given file name in read mode
+and returns an iterator function that,
+each time it is called,
+returns a new line from the file.
+Therefore, the construction
+
+<pre>
+ for line in io.lines(filename) do <em>body</em> end
+</pre><p>
+will iterate over all lines of the file.
+When the iterator function detects the end of file,
+it returns <b>nil</b> (to finish the loop) and automatically closes the file.
+
+
+<p>
+The call <code>io.lines()</code> (with no file name) is equivalent
+to <code>io.input():lines()</code>;
+that is, it iterates over the lines of the default input file.
+In this case it does not close the file when the loop ends.
+
+
+
+
+<p>
+<hr><h3><a name="pdf-io.open"><code>io.open (filename [, mode])</code></a></h3>
+
+
+<p>
+This function opens a file,
+in the mode specified in the string <code>mode</code>.
+It returns a new file handle,
+or, in case of errors, <b>nil</b> plus an error message.
+
+
+<p>
+The <code>mode</code> string can be any of the following:
+
+<ul>
+<li><b>"r":</b> read mode (the default);</li>
+<li><b>"w":</b> write mode;</li>
+<li><b>"a":</b> append mode;</li>
+<li><b>"r+":</b> update mode, all previous data is preserved;</li>
+<li><b>"w+":</b> update mode, all previous data is erased;</li>
+<li><b>"a+":</b> append update mode, previous data is preserved,
+ writing is only allowed at the end of file.</li>
+</ul><p>
+The <code>mode</code> string can also have a '<code>b</code>' at the end,
+which is needed in some systems to open the file in binary mode.
+This string is exactly what is used in the
+standard C function <code>fopen</code>.
+
+
+
+
+<p>
+<hr><h3><a name="pdf-io.output"><code>io.output ([file])</code></a></h3>
+
+
+<p>
+Similar to <a href="#pdf-io.input"><code>io.input</code></a>, but operates over the default output file.
+
+
+
+
+<p>
+<hr><h3><a name="pdf-io.popen"><code>io.popen (prog [, mode])</code></a></h3>
+
+
+<p>
+Starts program <code>prog</code> in a separated process and returns
+a file handle that you can use to read data from this program
+(if <code>mode</code> is <code>"r"</code>, the default)
+or to write data to this program
+(if <code>mode</code> is <code>"w"</code>).
+
+
+<p>
+This function is system dependent and is not available
+on all platforms.
+
+
+
+
+<p>
+<hr><h3><a name="pdf-io.read"><code>io.read (···)</code></a></h3>
+
+
+<p>
+Equivalent to <code>io.input():read</code>.
+
+
+
+
+<p>
+<hr><h3><a name="pdf-io.tmpfile"><code>io.tmpfile ()</code></a></h3>
+
+
+<p>
+Returns a handle for a temporary file.
+This file is opened in update mode
+and it is automatically removed when the program ends.
+
+
+
+
+<p>
+<hr><h3><a name="pdf-io.type"><code>io.type (obj)</code></a></h3>
+
+
+<p>
+Checks whether <code>obj</code> is a valid file handle.
+Returns the string <code>"file"</code> if <code>obj</code> is an open file handle,
+<code>"closed file"</code> if <code>obj</code> is a closed file handle,
+or <b>nil</b> if <code>obj</code> is not a file handle.
+
+
+
+
+<p>
+<hr><h3><a name="pdf-io.write"><code>io.write (···)</code></a></h3>
+
+
+<p>
+Equivalent to <code>io.output():write</code>.
+
+
+
+
+<p>
+<hr><h3><a name="pdf-file:close"><code>file:close ()</code></a></h3>
+
+
+<p>
+Closes <code>file</code>.
+Note that files are automatically closed when
+their handles are garbage collected,
+but that takes an unpredictable amount of time to happen.
+
+
+
+
+<p>
+<hr><h3><a name="pdf-file:flush"><code>file:flush ()</code></a></h3>
+
+
+<p>
+Saves any written data to <code>file</code>.
+
+
+
+
+<p>
+<hr><h3><a name="pdf-file:lines"><code>file:lines ()</code></a></h3>
+
+
+<p>
+Returns an iterator function that,
+each time it is called,
+returns a new line from the file.
+Therefore, the construction
+
+<pre>
+ for line in file:lines() do <em>body</em> end
+</pre><p>
+will iterate over all lines of the file.
+(Unlike <a href="#pdf-io.lines"><code>io.lines</code></a>, this function does not close the file
+when the loop ends.)
+
+
+
+
+<p>
+<hr><h3><a name="pdf-file:read"><code>file:read (···)</code></a></h3>
+
+
+<p>
+Reads the file <code>file</code>,
+according to the given formats, which specify what to read.
+For each format,
+the function returns a string (or a number) with the characters read,
+or <b>nil</b> if it cannot read data with the specified format.
+When called without formats,
+it uses a default format that reads the entire next line
+(see below).
+
+
+<p>
+The available formats are
+
+<ul>
+
+<li><b>"*n":</b>
+reads a number;
+this is the only format that returns a number instead of a string.
+</li>
+
+<li><b>"*a":</b>
+reads the whole file, starting at the current position.
+On end of file, it returns the empty string.
+</li>
+
+<li><b>"*l":</b>
+reads the next line (skipping the end of line),
+returning <b>nil</b> on end of file.
+This is the default format.
+</li>
+
+<li><b><em>number</em>:</b>
+reads a string with up to this number of characters,
+returning <b>nil</b> on end of file.
+If number is zero,
+it reads nothing and returns an empty string,
+or <b>nil</b> on end of file.
+</li>
+
+</ul>
+
+
+
+<p>
+<hr><h3><a name="pdf-file:seek"><code>file:seek ([whence] [, offset])</code></a></h3>
+
+
+<p>
+Sets and gets the file position,
+measured from the beginning of the file,
+to the position given by <code>offset</code> plus a base
+specified by the string <code>whence</code>, as follows:
+
+<ul>
+<li><b>"set":</b> base is position 0 (beginning of the file);</li>
+<li><b>"cur":</b> base is current position;</li>
+<li><b>"end":</b> base is end of file;</li>
+</ul><p>
+In case of success, function <code>seek</code> returns the final file position,
+measured in bytes from the beginning of the file.
+If this function fails, it returns <b>nil</b>,
+plus a string describing the error.
+
+
+<p>
+The default value for <code>whence</code> is <code>"cur"</code>,
+and for <code>offset</code> is 0.
+Therefore, the call <code>file:seek()</code> returns the current
+file position, without changing it;
+the call <code>file:seek("set")</code> sets the position to the
+beginning of the file (and returns 0);
+and the call <code>file:seek("end")</code> sets the position to the
+end of the file, and returns its size.
+
+
+
+
+<p>
+<hr><h3><a name="pdf-file:setvbuf"><code>file:setvbuf (mode [, size])</code></a></h3>
+
+
+<p>
+Sets the buffering mode for an output file.
+There are three available modes:
+
+<ul>
+
+<li><b>"no":</b>
+no buffering; the result of any output operation appears immediately.
+</li>
+
+<li><b>"full":</b>
+full buffering; output operation is performed only
+when the buffer is full (or when you explicitly <code>flush</code> the file
+(see <a href="#pdf-io.flush"><code>io.flush</code></a>)).
+</li>
+
+<li><b>"line":</b>
+line buffering; output is buffered until a newline is output
+or there is any input from some special files
+(such as a terminal device).
+</li>
+
+</ul><p>
+For the last two cases, <code>size</code>
+specifies the size of the buffer, in bytes.
+The default is an appropriate size.
+
+
+
+
+<p>
+<hr><h3><a name="pdf-file:write"><code>file:write (···)</code></a></h3>
+
+
+<p>
+Writes the value of each of its arguments to
+the <code>file</code>.
+The arguments must be strings or numbers.
+To write other values,
+use <a href="#pdf-tostring"><code>tostring</code></a> or <a href="#pdf-string.format"><code>string.format</code></a> before <code>write</code>.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+<h2>5.8 - <a name="5.8">Operating System Facilities</a></h2>
+
+<p>
+This library is implemented through table <a name="pdf-os"><code>os</code></a>.
+
+
+<p>
+<hr><h3><a name="pdf-os.clock"><code>os.clock ()</code></a></h3>
+
+
+<p>
+Returns an approximation of the amount in seconds of CPU time
+used by the program.
+
+
+
+
+<p>
+<hr><h3><a name="pdf-os.date"><code>os.date ([format [, time]])</code></a></h3>
+
+
+<p>
+Returns a string or a table containing date and time,
+formatted according to the given string <code>format</code>.
+
+
+<p>
+If the <code>time</code> argument is present,
+this is the time to be formatted
+(see the <a href="#pdf-os.time"><code>os.time</code></a> function for a description of this value).
+Otherwise, <code>date</code> formats the current time.
+
+
+<p>
+If <code>format</code> starts with '<code>!</code>',
+then the date is formatted in Coordinated Universal Time.
+After this optional character,
+if <code>format</code> is the string "<code>*t</code>",
+then <code>date</code> returns a table with the following fields:
+<code>year</code> (four digits), <code>month</code> (1--12), <code>day</code> (1--31),
+<code>hour</code> (0--23), <code>min</code> (0--59), <code>sec</code> (0--61),
+<code>wday</code> (weekday, Sunday is 1),
+<code>yday</code> (day of the year),
+and <code>isdst</code> (daylight saving flag, a boolean).
+
+
+<p>
+If <code>format</code> is not "<code>*t</code>",
+then <code>date</code> returns the date as a string,
+formatted according to the same rules as the C function <code>strftime</code>.
+
+
+<p>
+When called without arguments,
+<code>date</code> returns a reasonable date and time representation that depends on
+the host system and on the current locale
+(that is, <code>os.date()</code> is equivalent to <code>os.date("%c")</code>).
+
+
+
+
+<p>
+<hr><h3><a name="pdf-os.difftime"><code>os.difftime (t2, t1)</code></a></h3>
+
+
+<p>
+Returns the number of seconds from time <code>t1</code> to time <code>t2</code>.
+In POSIX, Windows, and some other systems,
+this value is exactly <code>t2</code><em>-</em><code>t1</code>.
+
+
+
+
+<p>
+<hr><h3><a name="pdf-os.execute"><code>os.execute ([command])</code></a></h3>
+
+
+<p>
+This function is equivalent to the C function <code>system</code>.
+It passes <code>command</code> to be executed by an operating system shell.
+It returns a status code, which is system-dependent.
+If <code>command</code> is absent, then it returns nonzero if a shell is available
+and zero otherwise.
+
+
+
+
+<p>
+<hr><h3><a name="pdf-os.exit"><code>os.exit ([code])</code></a></h3>
+
+
+<p>
+Calls the C function <code>exit</code>,
+with an optional <code>code</code>,
+to terminate the host program.
+The default value for <code>code</code> is the success code.
+
+
+
+
+<p>
+<hr><h3><a name="pdf-os.getenv"><code>os.getenv (varname)</code></a></h3>
+
+
+<p>
+Returns the value of the process environment variable <code>varname</code>,
+or <b>nil</b> if the variable is not defined.
+
+
+
+
+<p>
+<hr><h3><a name="pdf-os.remove"><code>os.remove (filename)</code></a></h3>
+
+
+<p>
+Deletes the file or directory with the given name.
+Directories must be empty to be removed.
+If this function fails, it returns <b>nil</b>,
+plus a string describing the error.
+
+
+
+
+<p>
+<hr><h3><a name="pdf-os.rename"><code>os.rename (oldname, newname)</code></a></h3>
+
+
+<p>
+Renames file or directory named <code>oldname</code> to <code>newname</code>.
+If this function fails, it returns <b>nil</b>,
+plus a string describing the error.
+
+
+
+
+<p>
+<hr><h3><a name="pdf-os.setlocale"><code>os.setlocale (locale [, category])</code></a></h3>
+
+
+<p>
+Sets the current locale of the program.
+<code>locale</code> is a string specifying a locale;
+<code>category</code> is an optional string describing which category to change:
+<code>"all"</code>, <code>"collate"</code>, <code>"ctype"</code>,
+<code>"monetary"</code>, <code>"numeric"</code>, or <code>"time"</code>;
+the default category is <code>"all"</code>.
+The function returns the name of the new locale,
+or <b>nil</b> if the request cannot be honored.
+
+
+<p>
+If <code>locale</code> is the empty string,
+the current locale is set to an implementation-defined native locale.
+If <code>locale</code> is the string "<code>C</code>",
+the current locale is set to the standard C locale.
+
+
+<p>
+When called with <b>nil</b> as the first argument,
+this function only returns the name of the current locale
+for the given category.
+
+
+
+
+<p>
+<hr><h3><a name="pdf-os.time"><code>os.time ([table])</code></a></h3>
+
+
+<p>
+Returns the current time when called without arguments,
+or a time representing the date and time specified by the given table.
+This table must have fields <code>year</code>, <code>month</code>, and <code>day</code>,
+and may have fields <code>hour</code>, <code>min</code>, <code>sec</code>, and <code>isdst</code>
+(for a description of these fields, see the <a href="#pdf-os.date"><code>os.date</code></a> function).
+
+
+<p>
+The returned value is a number, whose meaning depends on your system.
+In POSIX, Windows, and some other systems, this number counts the number
+of seconds since some given start time (the "epoch").
+In other systems, the meaning is not specified,
+and the number returned by <code>time</code> can be used only as an argument to
+<code>date</code> and <code>difftime</code>.
+
+
+
+
+<p>
+<hr><h3><a name="pdf-os.tmpname"><code>os.tmpname ()</code></a></h3>
+
+
+<p>
+Returns a string with a file name that can
+be used for a temporary file.
+The file must be explicitly opened before its use
+and explicitly removed when no longer needed.
+
+
+<p>
+On some systems (POSIX),
+this function also creates a file with that name,
+to avoid security risks.
+(Someone else might create the file with wrong permissions
+in the time between getting the name and creating the file.)
+You still have to open the file to use it
+and to remove it (even if you do not use it).
+
+
+<p>
+When possible,
+you may prefer to use <a href="#pdf-io.tmpfile"><code>io.tmpfile</code></a>,
+which automatically removes the file when the program ends.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+<h2>5.9 - <a name="5.9">The Debug Library</a></h2>
+
+<p>
+This library provides
+the functionality of the debug interface to Lua programs.
+You should exert care when using this library.
+The functions provided here should be used exclusively for debugging
+and similar tasks, such as profiling.
+Please resist the temptation to use them as a
+usual programming tool:
+they can be very slow.
+Moreover, several of these functions
+violate some assumptions about Lua code
+(e.g., that variables local to a function
+cannot be accessed from outside or
+that userdata metatables cannot be changed by Lua code)
+and therefore can compromise otherwise secure code.
+
+
+<p>
+All functions in this library are provided
+inside the <a name="pdf-debug"><code>debug</code></a> table.
+All functions that operate over a thread
+have an optional first argument which is the
+thread to operate over.
+The default is always the current thread.
+
+
+<p>
+<hr><h3><a name="pdf-debug.debug"><code>debug.debug ()</code></a></h3>
+
+
+<p>
+Enters an interactive mode with the user,
+running each string that the user enters.
+Using simple commands and other debug facilities,
+the user can inspect global and local variables,
+change their values, evaluate expressions, and so on.
+A line containing only the word <code>cont</code> finishes this function,
+so that the caller continues its execution.
+
+
+<p>
+Note that commands for <code>debug.debug</code> are not lexically nested
+within any function, and so have no direct access to local variables.
+
+
+
+
+<p>
+<hr><h3><a name="pdf-debug.getfenv"><code>debug.getfenv (o)</code></a></h3>
+Returns the environment of object <code>o</code>.
+
+
+
+
+<p>
+<hr><h3><a name="pdf-debug.gethook"><code>debug.gethook ([thread])</code></a></h3>
+
+
+<p>
+Returns the current hook settings of the thread, as three values:
+the current hook function, the current hook mask,
+and the current hook count
+(as set by the <a href="#pdf-debug.sethook"><code>debug.sethook</code></a> function).
+
+
+
+
+<p>
+<hr><h3><a name="pdf-debug.getinfo"><code>debug.getinfo ([thread,] function [, what])</code></a></h3>
+
+
+<p>
+Returns a table with information about a function.
+You can give the function directly,
+or you can give a number as the value of <code>function</code>,
+which means the function running at level <code>function</code> of the call stack
+of the given thread:
+level 0 is the current function (<code>getinfo</code> itself);
+level 1 is the function that called <code>getinfo</code>;
+and so on.
+If <code>function</code> is a number larger than the number of active functions,
+then <code>getinfo</code> returns <b>nil</b>.
+
+
+<p>
+The returned table can contain all the fields returned by <a href="#lua_getinfo"><code>lua_getinfo</code></a>,
+with the string <code>what</code> describing which fields to fill in.
+The default for <code>what</code> is to get all information available,
+except the table of valid lines.
+If present,
+the option '<code>f</code>'
+adds a field named <code>func</code> with the function itself.
+If present,
+the option '<code>L</code>'
+adds a field named <code>activelines</code> with the table of
+valid lines.
+
+
+<p>
+For instance, the expression <code>debug.getinfo(1,"n").name</code> returns
+a table with a name for the current function,
+if a reasonable name can be found,
+and the expression <code>debug.getinfo(print)</code>
+returns a table with all available information
+about the <a href="#pdf-print"><code>print</code></a> function.
+
+
+
+
+<p>
+<hr><h3><a name="pdf-debug.getlocal"><code>debug.getlocal ([thread,] level, local)</code></a></h3>
+
+
+<p>
+This function returns the name and the value of the local variable
+with index <code>local</code> of the function at level <code>level</code> of the stack.
+(The first parameter or local variable has index 1, and so on,
+until the last active local variable.)
+The function returns <b>nil</b> if there is no local
+variable with the given index,
+and raises an error when called with a <code>level</code> out of range.
+(You can call <a href="#pdf-debug.getinfo"><code>debug.getinfo</code></a> to check whether the level is valid.)
+
+
+<p>
+Variable names starting with '<code>(</code>' (open parentheses)
+represent internal variables
+(loop control variables, temporaries, and C function locals).
+
+
+
+
+<p>
+<hr><h3><a name="pdf-debug.getmetatable"><code>debug.getmetatable (object)</code></a></h3>
+
+
+<p>
+Returns the metatable of the given <code>object</code>
+or <b>nil</b> if it does not have a metatable.
+
+
+
+
+<p>
+<hr><h3><a name="pdf-debug.getregistry"><code>debug.getregistry ()</code></a></h3>
+
+
+<p>
+Returns the registry table (see <a href="#3.5">§3.5</a>).
+
+
+
+
+<p>
+<hr><h3><a name="pdf-debug.getupvalue"><code>debug.getupvalue (func, up)</code></a></h3>
+
+
+<p>
+This function returns the name and the value of the upvalue
+with index <code>up</code> of the function <code>func</code>.
+The function returns <b>nil</b> if there is no upvalue with the given index.
+
+
+
+
+<p>
+<hr><h3><a name="pdf-debug.setfenv"><code>debug.setfenv (object, table)</code></a></h3>
+
+
+<p>
+Sets the environment of the given <code>object</code> to the given <code>table</code>.
+Returns <code>object</code>.
+
+
+
+
+<p>
+<hr><h3><a name="pdf-debug.sethook"><code>debug.sethook ([thread,] hook, mask [, count])</code></a></h3>
+
+
+<p>
+Sets the given function as a hook.
+The string <code>mask</code> and the number <code>count</code> describe
+when the hook will be called.
+The string mask may have the following characters,
+with the given meaning:
+
+<ul>
+<li><b><code>"c"</code>:</b> the hook is called every time Lua calls a function;</li>
+<li><b><code>"r"</code>:</b> the hook is called every time Lua returns from a function;</li>
+<li><b><code>"l"</code>:</b> the hook is called every time Lua enters a new line of code.</li>
+</ul><p>
+With a <code>count</code> different from zero,
+the hook is called after every <code>count</code> instructions.
+
+
+<p>
+When called without arguments,
+<a href="#pdf-debug.sethook"><code>debug.sethook</code></a> turns off the hook.
+
+
+<p>
+When the hook is called, its first parameter is a string
+describing the event that has triggered its call:
+<code>"call"</code>, <code>"return"</code> (or <code>"tail return"</code>,
+when simulating a return from a tail call),
+<code>"line"</code>, and <code>"count"</code>.
+For line events,
+the hook also gets the new line number as its second parameter.
+Inside a hook,
+you can call <code>getinfo</code> with level 2 to get more information about
+the running function
+(level 0 is the <code>getinfo</code> function,
+and level 1 is the hook function),
+unless the event is <code>"tail return"</code>.
+In this case, Lua is only simulating the return,
+and a call to <code>getinfo</code> will return invalid data.
+
+
+
+
+<p>
+<hr><h3><a name="pdf-debug.setlocal"><code>debug.setlocal ([thread,] level, local, value)</code></a></h3>
+
+
+<p>
+This function assigns the value <code>value</code> to the local variable
+with index <code>local</code> of the function at level <code>level</code> of the stack.
+The function returns <b>nil</b> if there is no local
+variable with the given index,
+and raises an error when called with a <code>level</code> out of range.
+(You can call <code>getinfo</code> to check whether the level is valid.)
+Otherwise, it returns the name of the local variable.
+
+
+
+
+<p>
+<hr><h3><a name="pdf-debug.setmetatable"><code>debug.setmetatable (object, table)</code></a></h3>
+
+
+<p>
+Sets the metatable for the given <code>object</code> to the given <code>table</code>
+(which can be <b>nil</b>).
+
+
+
+
+<p>
+<hr><h3><a name="pdf-debug.setupvalue"><code>debug.setupvalue (func, up, value)</code></a></h3>
+
+
+<p>
+This function assigns the value <code>value</code> to the upvalue
+with index <code>up</code> of the function <code>func</code>.
+The function returns <b>nil</b> if there is no upvalue
+with the given index.
+Otherwise, it returns the name of the upvalue.
+
+
+
+
+<p>
+<hr><h3><a name="pdf-debug.traceback"><code>debug.traceback ([thread,] [message [, level]])</code></a></h3>
+
+
+<p>
+Returns a string with a traceback of the call stack.
+An optional <code>message</code> string is appended
+at the beginning of the traceback.
+An optional <code>level</code> number tells at which level
+to start the traceback
+(default is 1, the function calling <code>traceback</code>).
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+<h1>6 - <a name="6">Lua Stand-alone</a></h1>
+
+<p>
+Although Lua has been designed as an extension language,
+to be embedded in a host C program,
+it is also frequently used as a stand-alone language.
+An interpreter for Lua as a stand-alone language,
+called simply <code>lua</code>,
+is provided with the standard distribution.
+The stand-alone interpreter includes
+all standard libraries, including the debug library.
+Its usage is:
+
+<pre>
+ lua [options] [script [args]]
+</pre><p>
+The options are:
+
+<ul>
+<li><b><code>-e <em>stat</em></code>:</b> executes string <em>stat</em>;</li>
+<li><b><code>-l <em>mod</em></code>:</b> "requires" <em>mod</em>;</li>
+<li><b><code>-i</code>:</b> enters interactive mode after running <em>script</em>;</li>
+<li><b><code>-v</code>:</b> prints version information;</li>
+<li><b><code>--</code>:</b> stops handling options;</li>
+<li><b><code>-</code>:</b> executes <code>stdin</code> as a file and stops handling options.</li>
+</ul><p>
+After handling its options, <code>lua</code> runs the given <em>script</em>,
+passing to it the given <em>args</em> as string arguments.
+When called without arguments,
+<code>lua</code> behaves as <code>lua -v -i</code>
+when the standard input (<code>stdin</code>) is a terminal,
+and as <code>lua -</code> otherwise.
+
+
+<p>
+Before running any argument,
+the interpreter checks for an environment variable <a name="pdf-LUA_INIT"><code>LUA_INIT</code></a>.
+If its format is <code>@<em>filename</em></code>,
+then <code>lua</code> executes the file.
+Otherwise, <code>lua</code> executes the string itself.
+
+
+<p>
+All options are handled in order, except <code>-i</code>.
+For instance, an invocation like
+
+<pre>
+ $ lua -e'a=1' -e 'print(a)' script.lua
+</pre><p>
+will first set <code>a</code> to 1, then print the value of <code>a</code> (which is '<code>1</code>'),
+and finally run the file <code>script.lua</code> with no arguments.
+(Here <code>$</code> is the shell prompt. Your prompt may be different.)
+
+
+<p>
+Before starting to run the script,
+<code>lua</code> collects all arguments in the command line
+in a global table called <code>arg</code>.
+The script name is stored at index 0,
+the first argument after the script name goes to index 1,
+and so on.
+Any arguments before the script name
+(that is, the interpreter name plus the options)
+go to negative indices.
+For instance, in the call
+
+<pre>
+ $ lua -la b.lua t1 t2
+</pre><p>
+the interpreter first runs the file <code>a.lua</code>,
+then creates a table
+
+<pre>
+ arg = { [-2] = "lua", [-1] = "-la",
+ [0] = "b.lua",
+ [1] = "t1", [2] = "t2" }
+</pre><p>
+and finally runs the file <code>b.lua</code>.
+The script is called with <code>arg[1]</code>, <code>arg[2]</code>, ···
+as arguments;
+it can also access these arguments with the vararg expression '<code>...</code>'.
+
+
+<p>
+In interactive mode,
+if you write an incomplete statement,
+the interpreter waits for its completion
+by issuing a different prompt.
+
+
+<p>
+If the global variable <a name="pdf-_PROMPT"><code>_PROMPT</code></a> contains a string,
+then its value is used as the prompt.
+Similarly, if the global variable <a name="pdf-_PROMPT2"><code>_PROMPT2</code></a> contains a string,
+its value is used as the secondary prompt
+(issued during incomplete statements).
+Therefore, both prompts can be changed directly on the command line
+or in any Lua programs by assigning to <code>_PROMPT</code>.
+See the next example:
+
+<pre>
+ $ lua -e"_PROMPT='myprompt> '" -i
+</pre><p>
+(The outer pair of quotes is for the shell,
+the inner pair is for Lua.)
+Note the use of <code>-i</code> to enter interactive mode;
+otherwise,
+the program would just end silently
+right after the assignment to <code>_PROMPT</code>.
+
+
+<p>
+To allow the use of Lua as a
+script interpreter in Unix systems,
+the stand-alone interpreter skips
+the first line of a chunk if it starts with <code>#</code>.
+Therefore, Lua scripts can be made into executable programs
+by using <code>chmod +x</code> and the <code>#!</code> form,
+as in
+
+<pre>
+ #!/usr/local/bin/lua
+</pre><p>
+(Of course,
+the location of the Lua interpreter may be different in your machine.
+If <code>lua</code> is in your <code>PATH</code>,
+then
+
+<pre>
+ #!/usr/bin/env lua
+</pre><p>
+is a more portable solution.)
+
+
+
+<h1>7 - <a name="7">Incompatibilities with the Previous Version</a></h1>
+
+<p>
+Here we list the incompatibilities that you may find when moving a program
+from Lua 5.0 to Lua 5.1.
+You can avoid most of the incompatibilities compiling Lua with
+appropriate options (see file <code>luaconf.h</code>).
+However,
+all these compatibility options will be removed in the next version of Lua.
+
+
+
+<h2>7.1 - <a name="7.1">Changes in the Language</a></h2>
+<ul>
+
+<li>
+The vararg system changed from the pseudo-argument <code>arg</code> with a
+table with the extra arguments to the vararg expression.
+(See compile-time option <code>LUA_COMPAT_VARARG</code> in <code>luaconf.h</code>.)
+</li>
+
+<li>
+There was a subtle change in the scope of the implicit
+variables of the <b>for</b> statement and for the <b>repeat</b> statement.
+</li>
+
+<li>
+The long string/long comment syntax (<code>[[<em>string</em>]]</code>)
+does not allow nesting.
+You can use the new syntax (<code>[=[<em>string</em>]=]</code>) in these cases.
+(See compile-time option <code>LUA_COMPAT_LSTR</code> in <code>luaconf.h</code>.)
+</li>
+
+</ul>
+
+
+
+
+<h2>7.2 - <a name="7.2">Changes in the Libraries</a></h2>
+<ul>
+
+<li>
+Function <code>string.gfind</code> was renamed <a href="#pdf-string.gmatch"><code>string.gmatch</code></a>.
+(See compile-time option <code>LUA_COMPAT_GFIND</code> in <code>luaconf.h</code>.)
+</li>
+
+<li>
+When <a href="#pdf-string.gsub"><code>string.gsub</code></a> is called with a function as its
+third argument,
+whenever this function returns <b>nil</b> or <b>false</b> the
+replacement string is the whole match,
+instead of the empty string.
+</li>
+
+<li>
+Function <code>table.setn</code> was deprecated.
+Function <code>table.getn</code> corresponds
+to the new length operator (<code>#</code>);
+use the operator instead of the function.
+(See compile-time option <code>LUA_COMPAT_GETN</code> in <code>luaconf.h</code>.)
+</li>
+
+<li>
+Function <code>loadlib</code> was renamed <a href="#pdf-package.loadlib"><code>package.loadlib</code></a>.
+(See compile-time option <code>LUA_COMPAT_LOADLIB</code> in <code>luaconf.h</code>.)
+</li>
+
+<li>
+Function <code>math.mod</code> was renamed <a href="#pdf-math.fmod"><code>math.fmod</code></a>.
+(See compile-time option <code>LUA_COMPAT_MOD</code> in <code>luaconf.h</code>.)
+</li>
+
+<li>
+Functions <code>table.foreach</code> and <code>table.foreachi</code> are deprecated.
+You can use a for loop with <code>pairs</code> or <code>ipairs</code> instead.
+</li>
+
+<li>
+There were substantial changes in function <a href="#pdf-require"><code>require</code></a> due to
+the new module system.
+However, the new behavior is mostly compatible with the old,
+but <code>require</code> gets the path from <a href="#pdf-package.path"><code>package.path</code></a> instead
+of from <code>LUA_PATH</code>.
+</li>
+
+<li>
+Function <a href="#pdf-collectgarbage"><code>collectgarbage</code></a> has different arguments.
+Function <code>gcinfo</code> is deprecated;
+use <code>collectgarbage("count")</code> instead.
+</li>
+
+</ul>
+
+
+
+
+<h2>7.3 - <a name="7.3">Changes in the API</a></h2>
+<ul>
+
+<li>
+The <code>luaopen_*</code> functions (to open libraries)
+cannot be called directly,
+like a regular C function.
+They must be called through Lua,
+like a Lua function.
+</li>
+
+<li>
+Function <code>lua_open</code> was replaced by <a href="#lua_newstate"><code>lua_newstate</code></a> to
+allow the user to set a memory-allocation function.
+You can use <a href="#luaL_newstate"><code>luaL_newstate</code></a> from the standard library to
+create a state with a standard allocation function
+(based on <code>realloc</code>).
+</li>
+
+<li>
+Functions <code>luaL_getn</code> and <code>luaL_setn</code>
+(from the auxiliary library) are deprecated.
+Use <a href="#lua_objlen"><code>lua_objlen</code></a> instead of <code>luaL_getn</code>
+and nothing instead of <code>luaL_setn</code>.
+</li>
+
+<li>
+Function <code>luaL_openlib</code> was replaced by <a href="#luaL_register"><code>luaL_register</code></a>.
+</li>
+
+<li>
+Function <code>luaL_checkudata</code> now throws an error when the given value
+is not a userdata of the expected type.
+(In Lua 5.0 it returned <code>NULL</code>.)
+</li>
+
+</ul>
+
+
+
+
+<h1>8 - <a name="8">The Complete Syntax of Lua</a></h1>
+
+<p>
+Here is the complete syntax of Lua in extended BNF.
+(It does not describe operator precedences.)
+
+
+
+
+<pre>
+
+ chunk ::= {stat [`<b>;</b>´]} [laststat [`<b>;</b>´]]
+
+ block ::= chunk
+
+ stat ::= varlist `<b>=</b>´ explist |
+ functioncall |
+ <b>do</b> block <b>end</b> |
+ <b>while</b> exp <b>do</b> block <b>end</b> |
+ <b>repeat</b> block <b>until</b> exp |
+ <b>if</b> exp <b>then</b> block {<b>elseif</b> exp <b>then</b> block} [<b>else</b> block] <b>end</b> |
+ <b>for</b> Name `<b>=</b>´ exp `<b>,</b>´ exp [`<b>,</b>´ exp] <b>do</b> block <b>end</b> |
+ <b>for</b> namelist <b>in</b> explist <b>do</b> block <b>end</b> |
+ <b>function</b> funcname funcbody |
+ <b>local</b> <b>function</b> Name funcbody |
+ <b>local</b> namelist [`<b>=</b>´ explist]
+
+ laststat ::= <b>return</b> [explist] | <b>break</b>
+
+ funcname ::= Name {`<b>.</b>´ Name} [`<b>:</b>´ Name]
+
+ varlist ::= var {`<b>,</b>´ var}
+
+ var ::= Name | prefixexp `<b>[</b>´ exp `<b>]</b>´ | prefixexp `<b>.</b>´ Name
+
+ namelist ::= Name {`<b>,</b>´ Name}
+
+ explist ::= {exp `<b>,</b>´} exp
+
+ exp ::= <b>nil</b> | <b>false</b> | <b>true</b> | Number | String | `<b>...</b>´ | function |
+ prefixexp | tableconstructor | exp binop exp | unop exp
+
+ prefixexp ::= var | functioncall | `<b>(</b>´ exp `<b>)</b>´
+
+ functioncall ::= prefixexp args | prefixexp `<b>:</b>´ Name args
+
+ args ::= `<b>(</b>´ [explist] `<b>)</b>´ | tableconstructor | String
+
+ function ::= <b>function</b> funcbody
+
+ funcbody ::= `<b>(</b>´ [parlist] `<b>)</b>´ block <b>end</b>
+
+ parlist ::= namelist [`<b>,</b>´ `<b>...</b>´] | `<b>...</b>´
+
+ tableconstructor ::= `<b>{</b>´ [fieldlist] `<b>}</b>´
+
+ fieldlist ::= field {fieldsep field} [fieldsep]
+
+ field ::= `<b>[</b>´ exp `<b>]</b>´ `<b>=</b>´ exp | Name `<b>=</b>´ exp | exp
+
+ fieldsep ::= `<b>,</b>´ | `<b>;</b>´
+
+ binop ::= `<b>+</b>´ | `<b>-</b>´ | `<b>*</b>´ | `<b>/</b>´ | `<b>^</b>´ | `<b>%</b>´ | `<b>..</b>´ |
+ `<b><</b>´ | `<b><=</b>´ | `<b>></b>´ | `<b>>=</b>´ | `<b>==</b>´ | `<b>~=</b>´ |
+ <b>and</b> | <b>or</b>
+
+ unop ::= `<b>-</b>´ | <b>not</b> | `<b>#</b>´
+
+</pre>
+
+<p>
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+<HR>
+<SMALL CLASS="footer">
+Last update:
+Mon Feb 13 18:54:19 BRST 2012
+</SMALL>
+<!--
+Last change: revised for Lua 5.1.5
+-->
+
+</body></html>
+
--- /dev/null
+<HTML>
+<HEAD>
+<TITLE>Lua documentation</TITLE>
+<LINK REL="stylesheet" TYPE="text/css" HREF="lua.css">
+</HEAD>
+
+<BODY>
+
+<HR>
+<H1>
+<A HREF="http://www.lua.org/"><IMG SRC="logo.gif" ALT="Lua" BORDER=0></A>
+Documentation
+</H1>
+
+This is the documentation included in the source distribution of Lua 5.1.5.
+
+<UL>
+<LI><A HREF="contents.html">Reference manual</A>
+<LI><A HREF="lua.html">lua man page</A>
+<LI><A HREF="luac.html">luac man page</A>
+<LI><A HREF="../README">lua/README</A>
+<LI><A HREF="../etc/README">lua/etc/README</A>
+<LI><A HREF="../test/README">lua/test/README</A>
+</UL>
+
+Lua's
+<A HREF="http://www.lua.org/">official web site</A>
+contains updated documentation,
+especially the
+<A HREF="http://www.lua.org/manual/5.1/">reference manual</A>.
+<P>
+
+<HR>
+<SMALL>
+Last update:
+Fri Feb 3 09:44:42 BRST 2012
+</SMALL>
+
+</BODY>
+</HTML>
--- /dev/null
+This directory contains some useful files and code.
+Unlike the code in ../src, everything here is in the public domain.
+
+If any of the makes fail, you're probably not using the same libraries
+used to build Lua. Set MYLIBS in Makefile accordingly.
+
+all.c
+ Full Lua interpreter in a single file.
+ Do "make one" for a demo.
+
+lua.hpp
+ Lua header files for C++ using 'extern "C"'.
+
+lua.ico
+ A Lua icon for Windows (and web sites: save as favicon.ico).
+ Drawn by hand by Markus Gritsch <gritsch@iue.tuwien.ac.at>.
+
+lua.pc
+ pkg-config data for Lua
+
+luavs.bat
+ Script to build Lua under "Visual Studio .NET Command Prompt".
+ Run it from the toplevel as etc\luavs.bat.
+
+min.c
+ A minimal Lua interpreter.
+ Good for learning and for starting your own.
+ Do "make min" for a demo.
+
+noparser.c
+ Linking with noparser.o avoids loading the parsing modules in lualib.a.
+ Do "make noparser" for a demo.
+
+strict.lua
+ Traps uses of undeclared global variables.
+ Do "make strict" for a demo.
+
--- /dev/null
+/*
+* all.c -- Lua core, libraries and interpreter in a single file
+*/
+
+#define luaall_c
+
+#include "lapi.c"
+#include "lcode.c"
+#include "ldebug.c"
+#include "ldo.c"
+#include "ldump.c"
+#include "lfunc.c"
+#include "lgc.c"
+#include "llex.c"
+#include "lmem.c"
+#include "lobject.c"
+#include "lopcodes.c"
+#include "lparser.c"
+#include "lstate.c"
+#include "lstring.c"
+#include "ltable.c"
+#include "ltm.c"
+#include "lundump.c"
+#include "lvm.c"
+#include "lzio.c"
+
+#include "lauxlib.c"
+#include "lbaselib.c"
+#include "ldblib.c"
+#include "liolib.c"
+#include "linit.c"
+#include "lmathlib.c"
+#include "loadlib.c"
+#include "loslib.c"
+#include "lstrlib.c"
+#include "ltablib.c"
+
+#include "lua.c"
--- /dev/null
+// lua.hpp
+// Lua header files for C++
+// <<extern "C">> not supplied automatically because Lua also compiles as C++
+
+extern "C" {
+#include "lua.h"
+#include "lualib.h"
+#include "lauxlib.h"
+}
--- /dev/null
+# lua.pc -- pkg-config data for Lua
+
+# vars from install Makefile
+
+# grep '^V=' ../Makefile
+V= 5.1
+# grep '^R=' ../Makefile
+R= 5.1.5
+
+# grep '^INSTALL_.*=' ../Makefile | sed 's/INSTALL_TOP/prefix/'
+prefix= /usr/local
+INSTALL_BIN= ${prefix}/bin
+INSTALL_INC= ${prefix}/include
+INSTALL_LIB= ${prefix}/lib
+INSTALL_MAN= ${prefix}/man/man1
+INSTALL_LMOD= ${prefix}/share/lua/${V}
+INSTALL_CMOD= ${prefix}/lib/lua/${V}
+
+# canonical vars
+exec_prefix=${prefix}
+libdir=${exec_prefix}/lib
+includedir=${prefix}/include
+
+Name: Lua
+Description: An Extensible Extension Language
+Version: ${R}
+Requires:
+Libs: -L${libdir} -llua -lm
+Cflags: -I${includedir}
+
+# (end of lua.pc)
--- /dev/null
+@rem Script to build Lua under "Visual Studio .NET Command Prompt".
+@rem Do not run from this directory; run it from the toplevel: etc\luavs.bat .
+@rem It creates lua51.dll, lua51.lib, lua.exe, and luac.exe in src.
+@rem (contributed by David Manura and Mike Pall)
+
+@setlocal
+@set MYCOMPILE=cl /nologo /MD /O2 /W3 /c /D_CRT_SECURE_NO_DEPRECATE
+@set MYLINK=link /nologo
+@set MYMT=mt /nologo
+
+cd src
+%MYCOMPILE% /DLUA_BUILD_AS_DLL l*.c
+del lua.obj luac.obj
+%MYLINK% /DLL /out:lua51.dll l*.obj
+if exist lua51.dll.manifest^
+ %MYMT% -manifest lua51.dll.manifest -outputresource:lua51.dll;2
+%MYCOMPILE% /DLUA_BUILD_AS_DLL lua.c
+%MYLINK% /out:lua.exe lua.obj lua51.lib
+if exist lua.exe.manifest^
+ %MYMT% -manifest lua.exe.manifest -outputresource:lua.exe
+%MYCOMPILE% l*.c print.c
+del lua.obj linit.obj lbaselib.obj ldblib.obj liolib.obj lmathlib.obj^
+ loslib.obj ltablib.obj lstrlib.obj loadlib.obj
+%MYLINK% /out:luac.exe *.obj
+if exist luac.exe.manifest^
+ %MYMT% -manifest luac.exe.manifest -outputresource:luac.exe
+del *.obj *.manifest
+cd ..
--- /dev/null
+/*
+* min.c -- a minimal Lua interpreter
+* loads stdin only with minimal error handling.
+* no interaction, and no standard library, only a "print" function.
+*/
+
+#include <stdio.h>
+
+#include "lua.h"
+#include "lauxlib.h"
+
+static int print(lua_State *L)
+{
+ int n=lua_gettop(L);
+ int i;
+ for (i=1; i<=n; i++)
+ {
+ if (i>1) printf("\t");
+ if (lua_isstring(L,i))
+ printf("%s",lua_tostring(L,i));
+ else if (lua_isnil(L,i))
+ printf("%s","nil");
+ else if (lua_isboolean(L,i))
+ printf("%s",lua_toboolean(L,i) ? "true" : "false");
+ else
+ printf("%s:%p",luaL_typename(L,i),lua_topointer(L,i));
+ }
+ printf("\n");
+ return 0;
+}
+
+int main(void)
+{
+ lua_State *L=lua_open();
+ lua_register(L,"print",print);
+ if (luaL_dofile(L,NULL)!=0) fprintf(stderr,"%s\n",lua_tostring(L,-1));
+ lua_close(L);
+ return 0;
+}
--- /dev/null
+/*
+* The code below can be used to make a Lua core that does not contain the
+* parsing modules (lcode, llex, lparser), which represent 35% of the total core.
+* You'll only be able to load binary files and strings, precompiled with luac.
+* (Of course, you'll have to build luac with the original parsing modules!)
+*
+* To use this module, simply compile it ("make noparser" does that) and list
+* its object file before the Lua libraries. The linker should then not load
+* the parsing modules. To try it, do "make luab".
+*
+* If you also want to avoid the dump module (ldump.o), define NODUMP.
+* #define NODUMP
+*/
+
+#define LUA_CORE
+
+#include "llex.h"
+#include "lparser.h"
+#include "lzio.h"
+
+LUAI_FUNC void luaX_init (lua_State *L) {
+ UNUSED(L);
+}
+
+LUAI_FUNC Proto *luaY_parser (lua_State *L, ZIO *z, Mbuffer *buff, const char *name) {
+ UNUSED(z);
+ UNUSED(buff);
+ UNUSED(name);
+ lua_pushliteral(L,"parser not loaded");
+ lua_error(L);
+ return NULL;
+}
+
+#ifdef NODUMP
+#include "lundump.h"
+
+LUAI_FUNC int luaU_dump (lua_State* L, const Proto* f, lua_Writer w, void* data, int strip) {
+ UNUSED(f);
+ UNUSED(w);
+ UNUSED(data);
+ UNUSED(strip);
+#if 1
+ UNUSED(L);
+ return 0;
+#else
+ lua_pushliteral(L,"dumper not loaded");
+ lua_error(L);
+#endif
+}
+#endif
--- /dev/null
+--
+-- strict.lua
+-- checks uses of undeclared global variables
+-- All global variables must be 'declared' through a regular assignment
+-- (even assigning nil will do) in a main chunk before being used
+-- anywhere or assigned to inside a function.
+--
+
+local getinfo, error, rawset, rawget = debug.getinfo, error, rawset, rawget
+
+local mt = getmetatable(_G)
+if mt == nil then
+ mt = {}
+ setmetatable(_G, mt)
+end
+
+mt.__declared = {}
+
+local function what ()
+ local d = getinfo(3, "S")
+ return d and d.what or "C"
+end
+
+mt.__newindex = function (t, n, v)
+ if not mt.__declared[n] then
+ local w = what()
+ if w ~= "main" and w ~= "C" then
+ error("assign to undeclared variable '"..n.."'", 2)
+ end
+ mt.__declared[n] = true
+ end
+ rawset(t, n, v)
+end
+
+mt.__index = function (t, n)
+ if not mt.__declared[n] and what() ~= "C" then
+ error("variable '"..n.."' is not declared", 2)
+ end
+ return rawget(t, n)
+end
+
--- /dev/null
+/*
+** $Id: lapi.c,v 2.55.1.5 2008/07/04 18:41:18 roberto Exp $
+** Lua API
+** See Copyright Notice in lua.h
+*/
+
+
+#include <assert.h>
+#include <math.h>
+#include <stdarg.h>
+#include <string.h>
+
+#define lapi_c
+#define LUA_CORE
+
+#include "lua.h"
+
+#include "lapi.h"
+#include "ldebug.h"
+#include "ldo.h"
+#include "lfunc.h"
+#include "lgc.h"
+#include "lmem.h"
+#include "lobject.h"
+#include "lstate.h"
+#include "lstring.h"
+#include "ltable.h"
+#include "ltm.h"
+#include "lundump.h"
+#include "lvm.h"
+
+
+
+const char lua_ident[] =
+ "$Lua: " LUA_RELEASE " " LUA_COPYRIGHT " $\n"
+ "$Authors: " LUA_AUTHORS " $\n"
+ "$URL: www.lua.org $\n";
+
+
+
+#define api_checknelems(L, n) api_check(L, (n) <= (L->top - L->base))
+
+#define api_checkvalidindex(L, i) api_check(L, (i) != luaO_nilobject)
+
+#define api_incr_top(L) {api_check(L, L->top < L->ci->top); L->top++;}
+
+
+
+static TValue *index2adr (lua_State *L, int idx) {
+ if (idx > 0) {
+ TValue *o = L->base + (idx - 1);
+ api_check(L, idx <= L->ci->top - L->base);
+ if (o >= L->top) return cast(TValue *, luaO_nilobject);
+ else return o;
+ }
+ else if (idx > LUA_REGISTRYINDEX) {
+ api_check(L, idx != 0 && -idx <= L->top - L->base);
+ return L->top + idx;
+ }
+ else switch (idx) { /* pseudo-indices */
+ case LUA_REGISTRYINDEX: return registry(L);
+ case LUA_ENVIRONINDEX: {
+ Closure *func = curr_func(L);
+ sethvalue(L, &L->env, func->c.env);
+ return &L->env;
+ }
+ case LUA_GLOBALSINDEX: return gt(L);
+ default: {
+ Closure *func = curr_func(L);
+ idx = LUA_GLOBALSINDEX - idx;
+ return (idx <= func->c.nupvalues)
+ ? &func->c.upvalue[idx-1]
+ : cast(TValue *, luaO_nilobject);
+ }
+ }
+}
+
+
+static Table *getcurrenv (lua_State *L) {
+ if (L->ci == L->base_ci) /* no enclosing function? */
+ return hvalue(gt(L)); /* use global table as environment */
+ else {
+ Closure *func = curr_func(L);
+ return func->c.env;
+ }
+}
+
+
+void luaA_pushobject (lua_State *L, const TValue *o) {
+ setobj2s(L, L->top, o);
+ api_incr_top(L);
+}
+
+
+LUA_API int lua_checkstack (lua_State *L, int size) {
+ int res = 1;
+ lua_lock(L);
+ if (size > LUAI_MAXCSTACK || (L->top - L->base + size) > LUAI_MAXCSTACK)
+ res = 0; /* stack overflow */
+ else if (size > 0) {
+ luaD_checkstack(L, size);
+ if (L->ci->top < L->top + size)
+ L->ci->top = L->top + size;
+ }
+ lua_unlock(L);
+ return res;
+}
+
+
+LUA_API void lua_xmove (lua_State *from, lua_State *to, int n) {
+ int i;
+ if (from == to) return;
+ lua_lock(to);
+ api_checknelems(from, n);
+ api_check(from, G(from) == G(to));
+ api_check(from, to->ci->top - to->top >= n);
+ from->top -= n;
+ for (i = 0; i < n; i++) {
+ setobj2s(to, to->top++, from->top + i);
+ }
+ lua_unlock(to);
+}
+
+
+LUA_API void lua_setlevel (lua_State *from, lua_State *to) {
+ to->nCcalls = from->nCcalls;
+}
+
+
+LUA_API lua_CFunction lua_atpanic (lua_State *L, lua_CFunction panicf) {
+ lua_CFunction old;
+ lua_lock(L);
+ old = G(L)->panic;
+ G(L)->panic = panicf;
+ lua_unlock(L);
+ return old;
+}
+
+
+LUA_API lua_State *lua_newthread (lua_State *L) {
+ lua_State *L1;
+ lua_lock(L);
+ luaC_checkGC(L);
+ L1 = luaE_newthread(L);
+ setthvalue(L, L->top, L1);
+ api_incr_top(L);
+ lua_unlock(L);
+ luai_userstatethread(L, L1);
+ return L1;
+}
+
+
+
+/*
+** basic stack manipulation
+*/
+
+
+LUA_API int lua_gettop (lua_State *L) {
+ return cast_int(L->top - L->base);
+}
+
+
+LUA_API void lua_settop (lua_State *L, int idx) {
+ lua_lock(L);
+ if (idx >= 0) {
+ api_check(L, idx <= L->stack_last - L->base);
+ while (L->top < L->base + idx)
+ setnilvalue(L->top++);
+ L->top = L->base + idx;
+ }
+ else {
+ api_check(L, -(idx+1) <= (L->top - L->base));
+ L->top += idx+1; /* `subtract' index (index is negative) */
+ }
+ lua_unlock(L);
+}
+
+
+LUA_API void lua_remove (lua_State *L, int idx) {
+ StkId p;
+ lua_lock(L);
+ p = index2adr(L, idx);
+ api_checkvalidindex(L, p);
+ while (++p < L->top) setobjs2s(L, p-1, p);
+ L->top--;
+ lua_unlock(L);
+}
+
+
+LUA_API void lua_insert (lua_State *L, int idx) {
+ StkId p;
+ StkId q;
+ lua_lock(L);
+ p = index2adr(L, idx);
+ api_checkvalidindex(L, p);
+ for (q = L->top; q>p; q--) setobjs2s(L, q, q-1);
+ setobjs2s(L, p, L->top);
+ lua_unlock(L);
+}
+
+
+LUA_API void lua_replace (lua_State *L, int idx) {
+ StkId o;
+ lua_lock(L);
+ /* explicit test for incompatible code */
+ if (idx == LUA_ENVIRONINDEX && L->ci == L->base_ci)
+ luaG_runerror(L, "no calling environment");
+ api_checknelems(L, 1);
+ o = index2adr(L, idx);
+ api_checkvalidindex(L, o);
+ if (idx == LUA_ENVIRONINDEX) {
+ Closure *func = curr_func(L);
+ api_check(L, ttistable(L->top - 1));
+ func->c.env = hvalue(L->top - 1);
+ luaC_barrier(L, func, L->top - 1);
+ }
+ else {
+ setobj(L, o, L->top - 1);
+ if (idx < LUA_GLOBALSINDEX) /* function upvalue? */
+ luaC_barrier(L, curr_func(L), L->top - 1);
+ }
+ L->top--;
+ lua_unlock(L);
+}
+
+
+LUA_API void lua_pushvalue (lua_State *L, int idx) {
+ lua_lock(L);
+ setobj2s(L, L->top, index2adr(L, idx));
+ api_incr_top(L);
+ lua_unlock(L);
+}
+
+
+
+/*
+** access functions (stack -> C)
+*/
+
+
+LUA_API int lua_type (lua_State *L, int idx) {
+ StkId o = index2adr(L, idx);
+ return (o == luaO_nilobject) ? LUA_TNONE : ttype(o);
+}
+
+
+LUA_API const char *lua_typename (lua_State *L, int t) {
+ UNUSED(L);
+ return (t == LUA_TNONE) ? "no value" : luaT_typenames[t];
+}
+
+
+LUA_API int lua_iscfunction (lua_State *L, int idx) {
+ StkId o = index2adr(L, idx);
+ return iscfunction(o);
+}
+
+
+LUA_API int lua_isnumber (lua_State *L, int idx) {
+ TValue n;
+ const TValue *o = index2adr(L, idx);
+ return tonumber(o, &n);
+}
+
+
+LUA_API int lua_isstring (lua_State *L, int idx) {
+ int t = lua_type(L, idx);
+ return (t == LUA_TSTRING || t == LUA_TNUMBER);
+}
+
+
+LUA_API int lua_isuserdata (lua_State *L, int idx) {
+ const TValue *o = index2adr(L, idx);
+ return (ttisuserdata(o) || ttislightuserdata(o));
+}
+
+
+LUA_API int lua_rawequal (lua_State *L, int index1, int index2) {
+ StkId o1 = index2adr(L, index1);
+ StkId o2 = index2adr(L, index2);
+ return (o1 == luaO_nilobject || o2 == luaO_nilobject) ? 0
+ : luaO_rawequalObj(o1, o2);
+}
+
+
+LUA_API int lua_equal (lua_State *L, int index1, int index2) {
+ StkId o1, o2;
+ int i;
+ lua_lock(L); /* may call tag method */
+ o1 = index2adr(L, index1);
+ o2 = index2adr(L, index2);
+ i = (o1 == luaO_nilobject || o2 == luaO_nilobject) ? 0 : equalobj(L, o1, o2);
+ lua_unlock(L);
+ return i;
+}
+
+
+LUA_API int lua_lessthan (lua_State *L, int index1, int index2) {
+ StkId o1, o2;
+ int i;
+ lua_lock(L); /* may call tag method */
+ o1 = index2adr(L, index1);
+ o2 = index2adr(L, index2);
+ i = (o1 == luaO_nilobject || o2 == luaO_nilobject) ? 0
+ : luaV_lessthan(L, o1, o2);
+ lua_unlock(L);
+ return i;
+}
+
+
+
+LUA_API lua_Number lua_tonumber (lua_State *L, int idx) {
+ TValue n;
+ const TValue *o = index2adr(L, idx);
+ if (tonumber(o, &n))
+ return nvalue(o);
+ else
+ return 0;
+}
+
+
+LUA_API lua_Integer lua_tointeger (lua_State *L, int idx) {
+ TValue n;
+ const TValue *o = index2adr(L, idx);
+ if (tonumber(o, &n)) {
+ lua_Integer res;
+ lua_Number num = nvalue(o);
+ lua_number2integer(res, num);
+ return res;
+ }
+ else
+ return 0;
+}
+
+
+LUA_API int lua_toboolean (lua_State *L, int idx) {
+ const TValue *o = index2adr(L, idx);
+ return !l_isfalse(o);
+}
+
+
+LUA_API const char *lua_tolstring (lua_State *L, int idx, size_t *len) {
+ StkId o = index2adr(L, idx);
+ if (!ttisstring(o)) {
+ lua_lock(L); /* `luaV_tostring' may create a new string */
+ if (!luaV_tostring(L, o)) { /* conversion failed? */
+ if (len != NULL) *len = 0;
+ lua_unlock(L);
+ return NULL;
+ }
+ luaC_checkGC(L);
+ o = index2adr(L, idx); /* previous call may reallocate the stack */
+ lua_unlock(L);
+ }
+ if (len != NULL) *len = tsvalue(o)->len;
+ return svalue(o);
+}
+
+
+LUA_API size_t lua_objlen (lua_State *L, int idx) {
+ StkId o = index2adr(L, idx);
+ switch (ttype(o)) {
+ case LUA_TSTRING: return tsvalue(o)->len;
+ case LUA_TUSERDATA: return uvalue(o)->len;
+ case LUA_TTABLE: return luaH_getn(hvalue(o));
+ case LUA_TNUMBER: {
+ size_t l;
+ lua_lock(L); /* `luaV_tostring' may create a new string */
+ l = (luaV_tostring(L, o) ? tsvalue(o)->len : 0);
+ lua_unlock(L);
+ return l;
+ }
+ default: return 0;
+ }
+}
+
+
+LUA_API lua_CFunction lua_tocfunction (lua_State *L, int idx) {
+ StkId o = index2adr(L, idx);
+ return (!iscfunction(o)) ? NULL : clvalue(o)->c.f;
+}
+
+
+LUA_API void *lua_touserdata (lua_State *L, int idx) {
+ StkId o = index2adr(L, idx);
+ switch (ttype(o)) {
+ case LUA_TUSERDATA: return (rawuvalue(o) + 1);
+ case LUA_TLIGHTUSERDATA: return pvalue(o);
+ default: return NULL;
+ }
+}
+
+
+LUA_API lua_State *lua_tothread (lua_State *L, int idx) {
+ StkId o = index2adr(L, idx);
+ return (!ttisthread(o)) ? NULL : thvalue(o);
+}
+
+
+LUA_API const void *lua_topointer (lua_State *L, int idx) {
+ StkId o = index2adr(L, idx);
+ switch (ttype(o)) {
+ case LUA_TTABLE: return hvalue(o);
+ case LUA_TFUNCTION: return clvalue(o);
+ case LUA_TTHREAD: return thvalue(o);
+ case LUA_TUSERDATA:
+ case LUA_TLIGHTUSERDATA:
+ return lua_touserdata(L, idx);
+ default: return NULL;
+ }
+}
+
+
+
+/*
+** push functions (C -> stack)
+*/
+
+
+LUA_API void lua_pushnil (lua_State *L) {
+ lua_lock(L);
+ setnilvalue(L->top);
+ api_incr_top(L);
+ lua_unlock(L);
+}
+
+
+LUA_API void lua_pushnumber (lua_State *L, lua_Number n) {
+ lua_lock(L);
+ setnvalue(L->top, n);
+ api_incr_top(L);
+ lua_unlock(L);
+}
+
+
+LUA_API void lua_pushinteger (lua_State *L, lua_Integer n) {
+ lua_lock(L);
+ setnvalue(L->top, cast_num(n));
+ api_incr_top(L);
+ lua_unlock(L);
+}
+
+
+LUA_API void lua_pushlstring (lua_State *L, const char *s, size_t len) {
+ lua_lock(L);
+ luaC_checkGC(L);
+ setsvalue2s(L, L->top, luaS_newlstr(L, s, len));
+ api_incr_top(L);
+ lua_unlock(L);
+}
+
+
+LUA_API void lua_pushstring (lua_State *L, const char *s) {
+ if (s == NULL)
+ lua_pushnil(L);
+ else
+ lua_pushlstring(L, s, strlen(s));
+}
+
+
+LUA_API const char *lua_pushvfstring (lua_State *L, const char *fmt,
+ va_list argp) {
+ const char *ret;
+ lua_lock(L);
+ luaC_checkGC(L);
+ ret = luaO_pushvfstring(L, fmt, argp);
+ lua_unlock(L);
+ return ret;
+}
+
+
+LUA_API const char *lua_pushfstring (lua_State *L, const char *fmt, ...) {
+ const char *ret;
+ va_list argp;
+ lua_lock(L);
+ luaC_checkGC(L);
+ va_start(argp, fmt);
+ ret = luaO_pushvfstring(L, fmt, argp);
+ va_end(argp);
+ lua_unlock(L);
+ return ret;
+}
+
+
+LUA_API void lua_pushcclosure (lua_State *L, lua_CFunction fn, int n) {
+ Closure *cl;
+ lua_lock(L);
+ luaC_checkGC(L);
+ api_checknelems(L, n);
+ cl = luaF_newCclosure(L, n, getcurrenv(L));
+ cl->c.f = fn;
+ L->top -= n;
+ while (n--)
+ setobj2n(L, &cl->c.upvalue[n], L->top+n);
+ setclvalue(L, L->top, cl);
+ lua_assert(iswhite(obj2gco(cl)));
+ api_incr_top(L);
+ lua_unlock(L);
+}
+
+
+LUA_API void lua_pushboolean (lua_State *L, int b) {
+ lua_lock(L);
+ setbvalue(L->top, (b != 0)); /* ensure that true is 1 */
+ api_incr_top(L);
+ lua_unlock(L);
+}
+
+
+LUA_API void lua_pushlightuserdata (lua_State *L, void *p) {
+ lua_lock(L);
+ setpvalue(L->top, p);
+ api_incr_top(L);
+ lua_unlock(L);
+}
+
+
+LUA_API int lua_pushthread (lua_State *L) {
+ lua_lock(L);
+ setthvalue(L, L->top, L);
+ api_incr_top(L);
+ lua_unlock(L);
+ return (G(L)->mainthread == L);
+}
+
+
+
+/*
+** get functions (Lua -> stack)
+*/
+
+
+LUA_API void lua_gettable (lua_State *L, int idx) {
+ StkId t;
+ lua_lock(L);
+ t = index2adr(L, idx);
+ api_checkvalidindex(L, t);
+ luaV_gettable(L, t, L->top - 1, L->top - 1);
+ lua_unlock(L);
+}
+
+
+LUA_API void lua_getfield (lua_State *L, int idx, const char *k) {
+ StkId t;
+ TValue key;
+ lua_lock(L);
+ t = index2adr(L, idx);
+ api_checkvalidindex(L, t);
+ setsvalue(L, &key, luaS_new(L, k));
+ luaV_gettable(L, t, &key, L->top);
+ api_incr_top(L);
+ lua_unlock(L);
+}
+
+
+LUA_API void lua_rawget (lua_State *L, int idx) {
+ StkId t;
+ lua_lock(L);
+ t = index2adr(L, idx);
+ api_check(L, ttistable(t));
+ setobj2s(L, L->top - 1, luaH_get(hvalue(t), L->top - 1));
+ lua_unlock(L);
+}
+
+
+LUA_API void lua_rawgeti (lua_State *L, int idx, int n) {
+ StkId o;
+ lua_lock(L);
+ o = index2adr(L, idx);
+ api_check(L, ttistable(o));
+ setobj2s(L, L->top, luaH_getnum(hvalue(o), n));
+ api_incr_top(L);
+ lua_unlock(L);
+}
+
+
+LUA_API void lua_createtable (lua_State *L, int narray, int nrec) {
+ lua_lock(L);
+ luaC_checkGC(L);
+ sethvalue(L, L->top, luaH_new(L, narray, nrec));
+ api_incr_top(L);
+ lua_unlock(L);
+}
+
+
+LUA_API int lua_getmetatable (lua_State *L, int objindex) {
+ const TValue *obj;
+ Table *mt = NULL;
+ int res;
+ lua_lock(L);
+ obj = index2adr(L, objindex);
+ switch (ttype(obj)) {
+ case LUA_TTABLE:
+ mt = hvalue(obj)->metatable;
+ break;
+ case LUA_TUSERDATA:
+ mt = uvalue(obj)->metatable;
+ break;
+ default:
+ mt = G(L)->mt[ttype(obj)];
+ break;
+ }
+ if (mt == NULL)
+ res = 0;
+ else {
+ sethvalue(L, L->top, mt);
+ api_incr_top(L);
+ res = 1;
+ }
+ lua_unlock(L);
+ return res;
+}
+
+
+LUA_API void lua_getfenv (lua_State *L, int idx) {
+ StkId o;
+ lua_lock(L);
+ o = index2adr(L, idx);
+ api_checkvalidindex(L, o);
+ switch (ttype(o)) {
+ case LUA_TFUNCTION:
+ sethvalue(L, L->top, clvalue(o)->c.env);
+ break;
+ case LUA_TUSERDATA:
+ sethvalue(L, L->top, uvalue(o)->env);
+ break;
+ case LUA_TTHREAD:
+ setobj2s(L, L->top, gt(thvalue(o)));
+ break;
+ default:
+ setnilvalue(L->top);
+ break;
+ }
+ api_incr_top(L);
+ lua_unlock(L);
+}
+
+
+/*
+** set functions (stack -> Lua)
+*/
+
+
+LUA_API void lua_settable (lua_State *L, int idx) {
+ StkId t;
+ lua_lock(L);
+ api_checknelems(L, 2);
+ t = index2adr(L, idx);
+ api_checkvalidindex(L, t);
+ luaV_settable(L, t, L->top - 2, L->top - 1);
+ L->top -= 2; /* pop index and value */
+ lua_unlock(L);
+}
+
+
+LUA_API void lua_setfield (lua_State *L, int idx, const char *k) {
+ StkId t;
+ TValue key;
+ lua_lock(L);
+ api_checknelems(L, 1);
+ t = index2adr(L, idx);
+ api_checkvalidindex(L, t);
+ setsvalue(L, &key, luaS_new(L, k));
+ luaV_settable(L, t, &key, L->top - 1);
+ L->top--; /* pop value */
+ lua_unlock(L);
+}
+
+
+LUA_API void lua_rawset (lua_State *L, int idx) {
+ StkId t;
+ lua_lock(L);
+ api_checknelems(L, 2);
+ t = index2adr(L, idx);
+ api_check(L, ttistable(t));
+ setobj2t(L, luaH_set(L, hvalue(t), L->top-2), L->top-1);
+ luaC_barriert(L, hvalue(t), L->top-1);
+ L->top -= 2;
+ lua_unlock(L);
+}
+
+
+LUA_API void lua_rawseti (lua_State *L, int idx, int n) {
+ StkId o;
+ lua_lock(L);
+ api_checknelems(L, 1);
+ o = index2adr(L, idx);
+ api_check(L, ttistable(o));
+ setobj2t(L, luaH_setnum(L, hvalue(o), n), L->top-1);
+ luaC_barriert(L, hvalue(o), L->top-1);
+ L->top--;
+ lua_unlock(L);
+}
+
+
+LUA_API int lua_setmetatable (lua_State *L, int objindex) {
+ TValue *obj;
+ Table *mt;
+ lua_lock(L);
+ api_checknelems(L, 1);
+ obj = index2adr(L, objindex);
+ api_checkvalidindex(L, obj);
+ if (ttisnil(L->top - 1))
+ mt = NULL;
+ else {
+ api_check(L, ttistable(L->top - 1));
+ mt = hvalue(L->top - 1);
+ }
+ switch (ttype(obj)) {
+ case LUA_TTABLE: {
+ hvalue(obj)->metatable = mt;
+ if (mt)
+ luaC_objbarriert(L, hvalue(obj), mt);
+ break;
+ }
+ case LUA_TUSERDATA: {
+ uvalue(obj)->metatable = mt;
+ if (mt)
+ luaC_objbarrier(L, rawuvalue(obj), mt);
+ break;
+ }
+ default: {
+ G(L)->mt[ttype(obj)] = mt;
+ break;
+ }
+ }
+ L->top--;
+ lua_unlock(L);
+ return 1;
+}
+
+
+LUA_API int lua_setfenv (lua_State *L, int idx) {
+ StkId o;
+ int res = 1;
+ lua_lock(L);
+ api_checknelems(L, 1);
+ o = index2adr(L, idx);
+ api_checkvalidindex(L, o);
+ api_check(L, ttistable(L->top - 1));
+ switch (ttype(o)) {
+ case LUA_TFUNCTION:
+ clvalue(o)->c.env = hvalue(L->top - 1);
+ break;
+ case LUA_TUSERDATA:
+ uvalue(o)->env = hvalue(L->top - 1);
+ break;
+ case LUA_TTHREAD:
+ sethvalue(L, gt(thvalue(o)), hvalue(L->top - 1));
+ break;
+ default:
+ res = 0;
+ break;
+ }
+ if (res) luaC_objbarrier(L, gcvalue(o), hvalue(L->top - 1));
+ L->top--;
+ lua_unlock(L);
+ return res;
+}
+
+
+/*
+** `load' and `call' functions (run Lua code)
+*/
+
+
+#define adjustresults(L,nres) \
+ { if (nres == LUA_MULTRET && L->top >= L->ci->top) L->ci->top = L->top; }
+
+
+#define checkresults(L,na,nr) \
+ api_check(L, (nr) == LUA_MULTRET || (L->ci->top - L->top >= (nr) - (na)))
+
+
+LUA_API void lua_call (lua_State *L, int nargs, int nresults) {
+ StkId func;
+ lua_lock(L);
+ api_checknelems(L, nargs+1);
+ checkresults(L, nargs, nresults);
+ func = L->top - (nargs+1);
+ luaD_call(L, func, nresults);
+ adjustresults(L, nresults);
+ lua_unlock(L);
+}
+
+
+
+/*
+** Execute a protected call.
+*/
+struct CallS { /* data to `f_call' */
+ StkId func;
+ int nresults;
+};
+
+
+static void f_call (lua_State *L, void *ud) {
+ struct CallS *c = cast(struct CallS *, ud);
+ luaD_call(L, c->func, c->nresults);
+}
+
+
+
+LUA_API int lua_pcall (lua_State *L, int nargs, int nresults, int errfunc) {
+ struct CallS c;
+ int status;
+ ptrdiff_t func;
+ lua_lock(L);
+ api_checknelems(L, nargs+1);
+ checkresults(L, nargs, nresults);
+ if (errfunc == 0)
+ func = 0;
+ else {
+ StkId o = index2adr(L, errfunc);
+ api_checkvalidindex(L, o);
+ func = savestack(L, o);
+ }
+ c.func = L->top - (nargs+1); /* function to be called */
+ c.nresults = nresults;
+ status = luaD_pcall(L, f_call, &c, savestack(L, c.func), func);
+ adjustresults(L, nresults);
+ lua_unlock(L);
+ return status;
+}
+
+
+/*
+** Execute a protected C call.
+*/
+struct CCallS { /* data to `f_Ccall' */
+ lua_CFunction func;
+ void *ud;
+};
+
+
+static void f_Ccall (lua_State *L, void *ud) {
+ struct CCallS *c = cast(struct CCallS *, ud);
+ Closure *cl;
+ cl = luaF_newCclosure(L, 0, getcurrenv(L));
+ cl->c.f = c->func;
+ setclvalue(L, L->top, cl); /* push function */
+ api_incr_top(L);
+ setpvalue(L->top, c->ud); /* push only argument */
+ api_incr_top(L);
+ luaD_call(L, L->top - 2, 0);
+}
+
+
+LUA_API int lua_cpcall (lua_State *L, lua_CFunction func, void *ud) {
+ struct CCallS c;
+ int status;
+ lua_lock(L);
+ c.func = func;
+ c.ud = ud;
+ status = luaD_pcall(L, f_Ccall, &c, savestack(L, L->top), 0);
+ lua_unlock(L);
+ return status;
+}
+
+
+LUA_API int lua_load (lua_State *L, lua_Reader reader, void *data,
+ const char *chunkname) {
+ ZIO z;
+ int status;
+ lua_lock(L);
+ if (!chunkname) chunkname = "?";
+ luaZ_init(L, &z, reader, data);
+ status = luaD_protectedparser(L, &z, chunkname);
+ lua_unlock(L);
+ return status;
+}
+
+
+LUA_API int lua_dump (lua_State *L, lua_Writer writer, void *data) {
+ int status;
+ TValue *o;
+ lua_lock(L);
+ api_checknelems(L, 1);
+ o = L->top - 1;
+ if (isLfunction(o))
+ status = luaU_dump(L, clvalue(o)->l.p, writer, data, 0);
+ else
+ status = 1;
+ lua_unlock(L);
+ return status;
+}
+
+
+LUA_API int lua_status (lua_State *L) {
+ return L->status;
+}
+
+
+/*
+** Garbage-collection function
+*/
+
+LUA_API int lua_gc (lua_State *L, int what, int data) {
+ int res = 0;
+ global_State *g;
+ lua_lock(L);
+ g = G(L);
+ switch (what) {
+ case LUA_GCSTOP: {
+ g->GCthreshold = MAX_LUMEM;
+ break;
+ }
+ case LUA_GCRESTART: {
+ g->GCthreshold = g->totalbytes;
+ break;
+ }
+ case LUA_GCCOLLECT: {
+ luaC_fullgc(L);
+ break;
+ }
+ case LUA_GCCOUNT: {
+ /* GC values are expressed in Kbytes: #bytes/2^10 */
+ res = cast_int(g->totalbytes >> 10);
+ break;
+ }
+ case LUA_GCCOUNTB: {
+ res = cast_int(g->totalbytes & 0x3ff);
+ break;
+ }
+ case LUA_GCSTEP: {
+ lu_mem a = (cast(lu_mem, data) << 10);
+ if (a <= g->totalbytes)
+ g->GCthreshold = g->totalbytes - a;
+ else
+ g->GCthreshold = 0;
+ while (g->GCthreshold <= g->totalbytes) {
+ luaC_step(L);
+ if (g->gcstate == GCSpause) { /* end of cycle? */
+ res = 1; /* signal it */
+ break;
+ }
+ }
+ break;
+ }
+ case LUA_GCSETPAUSE: {
+ res = g->gcpause;
+ g->gcpause = data;
+ break;
+ }
+ case LUA_GCSETSTEPMUL: {
+ res = g->gcstepmul;
+ g->gcstepmul = data;
+ break;
+ }
+ default: res = -1; /* invalid option */
+ }
+ lua_unlock(L);
+ return res;
+}
+
+
+
+/*
+** miscellaneous functions
+*/
+
+
+LUA_API int lua_error (lua_State *L) {
+ lua_lock(L);
+ api_checknelems(L, 1);
+ luaG_errormsg(L);
+ lua_unlock(L);
+ return 0; /* to avoid warnings */
+}
+
+
+LUA_API int lua_next (lua_State *L, int idx) {
+ StkId t;
+ int more;
+ lua_lock(L);
+ t = index2adr(L, idx);
+ api_check(L, ttistable(t));
+ more = luaH_next(L, hvalue(t), L->top - 1);
+ if (more) {
+ api_incr_top(L);
+ }
+ else /* no more elements */
+ L->top -= 1; /* remove key */
+ lua_unlock(L);
+ return more;
+}
+
+
+LUA_API void lua_concat (lua_State *L, int n) {
+ lua_lock(L);
+ api_checknelems(L, n);
+ if (n >= 2) {
+ luaC_checkGC(L);
+ luaV_concat(L, n, cast_int(L->top - L->base) - 1);
+ L->top -= (n-1);
+ }
+ else if (n == 0) { /* push empty string */
+ setsvalue2s(L, L->top, luaS_newlstr(L, "", 0));
+ api_incr_top(L);
+ }
+ /* else n == 1; nothing to do */
+ lua_unlock(L);
+}
+
+
+LUA_API lua_Alloc lua_getallocf (lua_State *L, void **ud) {
+ lua_Alloc f;
+ lua_lock(L);
+ if (ud) *ud = G(L)->ud;
+ f = G(L)->frealloc;
+ lua_unlock(L);
+ return f;
+}
+
+
+LUA_API void lua_setallocf (lua_State *L, lua_Alloc f, void *ud) {
+ lua_lock(L);
+ G(L)->ud = ud;
+ G(L)->frealloc = f;
+ lua_unlock(L);
+}
+
+
+LUA_API void *lua_newuserdata (lua_State *L, size_t size) {
+ Udata *u;
+ lua_lock(L);
+ luaC_checkGC(L);
+ u = luaS_newudata(L, size, getcurrenv(L));
+ setuvalue(L, L->top, u);
+ api_incr_top(L);
+ lua_unlock(L);
+ return u + 1;
+}
+
+
+
+
+static const char *aux_upvalue (StkId fi, int n, TValue **val) {
+ Closure *f;
+ if (!ttisfunction(fi)) return NULL;
+ f = clvalue(fi);
+ if (f->c.isC) {
+ if (!(1 <= n && n <= f->c.nupvalues)) return NULL;
+ *val = &f->c.upvalue[n-1];
+ return "";
+ }
+ else {
+ Proto *p = f->l.p;
+ if (!(1 <= n && n <= p->sizeupvalues)) return NULL;
+ *val = f->l.upvals[n-1]->v;
+ return getstr(p->upvalues[n-1]);
+ }
+}
+
+
+LUA_API const char *lua_getupvalue (lua_State *L, int funcindex, int n) {
+ const char *name;
+ TValue *val;
+ lua_lock(L);
+ name = aux_upvalue(index2adr(L, funcindex), n, &val);
+ if (name) {
+ setobj2s(L, L->top, val);
+ api_incr_top(L);
+ }
+ lua_unlock(L);
+ return name;
+}
+
+
+LUA_API const char *lua_setupvalue (lua_State *L, int funcindex, int n) {
+ const char *name;
+ TValue *val;
+ StkId fi;
+ lua_lock(L);
+ fi = index2adr(L, funcindex);
+ api_checknelems(L, 1);
+ name = aux_upvalue(fi, n, &val);
+ if (name) {
+ L->top--;
+ setobj(L, val, L->top);
+ luaC_barrier(L, clvalue(fi), L->top);
+ }
+ lua_unlock(L);
+ return name;
+}
+
--- /dev/null
+/*
+** $Id: lapi.h,v 2.2.1.1 2007/12/27 13:02:25 roberto Exp $
+** Auxiliary functions from Lua API
+** See Copyright Notice in lua.h
+*/
+
+#ifndef lapi_h
+#define lapi_h
+
+
+#include "lobject.h"
+
+
+LUAI_FUNC void luaA_pushobject (lua_State *L, const TValue *o);
+
+#endif
--- /dev/null
+/*
+** $Id: lauxlib.c,v 1.159.1.3 2008/01/21 13:20:51 roberto Exp $
+** Auxiliary functions for building Lua libraries
+** See Copyright Notice in lua.h
+*/
+
+
+#include <ctype.h>
+#include <errno.h>
+#include <stdarg.h>
+#include <stdio.h>
+#include <stdlib.h>
+#include <string.h>
+
+
+/* This file uses only the official API of Lua.
+** Any function declared here could be written as an application function.
+*/
+
+#define lauxlib_c
+#define LUA_LIB
+
+#include "lua.h"
+
+#include "lauxlib.h"
+
+
+#define FREELIST_REF 0 /* free list of references */
+
+
+/* convert a stack index to positive */
+#define abs_index(L, i) ((i) > 0 || (i) <= LUA_REGISTRYINDEX ? (i) : \
+ lua_gettop(L) + (i) + 1)
+
+
+/*
+** {======================================================
+** Error-report functions
+** =======================================================
+*/
+
+
+LUALIB_API int luaL_argerror (lua_State *L, int narg, const char *extramsg) {
+ lua_Debug ar;
+ if (!lua_getstack(L, 0, &ar)) /* no stack frame? */
+ return luaL_error(L, "bad argument #%d (%s)", narg, extramsg);
+ lua_getinfo(L, "n", &ar);
+ if (strcmp(ar.namewhat, "method") == 0) {
+ narg--; /* do not count `self' */
+ if (narg == 0) /* error is in the self argument itself? */
+ return luaL_error(L, "calling " LUA_QS " on bad self (%s)",
+ ar.name, extramsg);
+ }
+ if (ar.name == NULL)
+ ar.name = "?";
+ return luaL_error(L, "bad argument #%d to " LUA_QS " (%s)",
+ narg, ar.name, extramsg);
+}
+
+
+LUALIB_API int luaL_typerror (lua_State *L, int narg, const char *tname) {
+ const char *msg = lua_pushfstring(L, "%s expected, got %s",
+ tname, luaL_typename(L, narg));
+ return luaL_argerror(L, narg, msg);
+}
+
+
+static void tag_error (lua_State *L, int narg, int tag) {
+ luaL_typerror(L, narg, lua_typename(L, tag));
+}
+
+
+LUALIB_API void luaL_where (lua_State *L, int level) {
+ lua_Debug ar;
+ if (lua_getstack(L, level, &ar)) { /* check function at level */
+ lua_getinfo(L, "Sl", &ar); /* get info about it */
+ if (ar.currentline > 0) { /* is there info? */
+ lua_pushfstring(L, "%s:%d: ", ar.short_src, ar.currentline);
+ return;
+ }
+ }
+ lua_pushliteral(L, ""); /* else, no information available... */
+}
+
+
+LUALIB_API int luaL_error (lua_State *L, const char *fmt, ...) {
+ va_list argp;
+ va_start(argp, fmt);
+ luaL_where(L, 1);
+ lua_pushvfstring(L, fmt, argp);
+ va_end(argp);
+ lua_concat(L, 2);
+ return lua_error(L);
+}
+
+/* }====================================================== */
+
+
+LUALIB_API int luaL_checkoption (lua_State *L, int narg, const char *def,
+ const char *const lst[]) {
+ const char *name = (def) ? luaL_optstring(L, narg, def) :
+ luaL_checkstring(L, narg);
+ int i;
+ for (i=0; lst[i]; i++)
+ if (strcmp(lst[i], name) == 0)
+ return i;
+ return luaL_argerror(L, narg,
+ lua_pushfstring(L, "invalid option " LUA_QS, name));
+}
+
+
+LUALIB_API int luaL_newmetatable (lua_State *L, const char *tname) {
+ lua_getfield(L, LUA_REGISTRYINDEX, tname); /* get registry.name */
+ if (!lua_isnil(L, -1)) /* name already in use? */
+ return 0; /* leave previous value on top, but return 0 */
+ lua_pop(L, 1);
+ lua_newtable(L); /* create metatable */
+ lua_pushvalue(L, -1);
+ lua_setfield(L, LUA_REGISTRYINDEX, tname); /* registry.name = metatable */
+ return 1;
+}
+
+
+LUALIB_API void *luaL_checkudata (lua_State *L, int ud, const char *tname) {
+ void *p = lua_touserdata(L, ud);
+ if (p != NULL) { /* value is a userdata? */
+ if (lua_getmetatable(L, ud)) { /* does it have a metatable? */
+ lua_getfield(L, LUA_REGISTRYINDEX, tname); /* get correct metatable */
+ if (lua_rawequal(L, -1, -2)) { /* does it have the correct mt? */
+ lua_pop(L, 2); /* remove both metatables */
+ return p;
+ }
+ }
+ }
+ luaL_typerror(L, ud, tname); /* else error */
+ return NULL; /* to avoid warnings */
+}
+
+
+LUALIB_API void luaL_checkstack (lua_State *L, int space, const char *mes) {
+ if (!lua_checkstack(L, space))
+ luaL_error(L, "stack overflow (%s)", mes);
+}
+
+
+LUALIB_API void luaL_checktype (lua_State *L, int narg, int t) {
+ if (lua_type(L, narg) != t)
+ tag_error(L, narg, t);
+}
+
+
+LUALIB_API void luaL_checkany (lua_State *L, int narg) {
+ if (lua_type(L, narg) == LUA_TNONE)
+ luaL_argerror(L, narg, "value expected");
+}
+
+
+LUALIB_API const char *luaL_checklstring (lua_State *L, int narg, size_t *len) {
+ const char *s = lua_tolstring(L, narg, len);
+ if (!s) tag_error(L, narg, LUA_TSTRING);
+ return s;
+}
+
+
+LUALIB_API const char *luaL_optlstring (lua_State *L, int narg,
+ const char *def, size_t *len) {
+ if (lua_isnoneornil(L, narg)) {
+ if (len)
+ *len = (def ? strlen(def) : 0);
+ return def;
+ }
+ else return luaL_checklstring(L, narg, len);
+}
+
+
+LUALIB_API lua_Number luaL_checknumber (lua_State *L, int narg) {
+ lua_Number d = lua_tonumber(L, narg);
+ if (d == 0 && !lua_isnumber(L, narg)) /* avoid extra test when d is not 0 */
+ tag_error(L, narg, LUA_TNUMBER);
+ return d;
+}
+
+
+LUALIB_API lua_Number luaL_optnumber (lua_State *L, int narg, lua_Number def) {
+ return luaL_opt(L, luaL_checknumber, narg, def);
+}
+
+
+LUALIB_API lua_Integer luaL_checkinteger (lua_State *L, int narg) {
+ lua_Integer d = lua_tointeger(L, narg);
+ if (d == 0 && !lua_isnumber(L, narg)) /* avoid extra test when d is not 0 */
+ tag_error(L, narg, LUA_TNUMBER);
+ return d;
+}
+
+
+LUALIB_API lua_Integer luaL_optinteger (lua_State *L, int narg,
+ lua_Integer def) {
+ return luaL_opt(L, luaL_checkinteger, narg, def);
+}
+
+
+LUALIB_API int luaL_getmetafield (lua_State *L, int obj, const char *event) {
+ if (!lua_getmetatable(L, obj)) /* no metatable? */
+ return 0;
+ lua_pushstring(L, event);
+ lua_rawget(L, -2);
+ if (lua_isnil(L, -1)) {
+ lua_pop(L, 2); /* remove metatable and metafield */
+ return 0;
+ }
+ else {
+ lua_remove(L, -2); /* remove only metatable */
+ return 1;
+ }
+}
+
+
+LUALIB_API int luaL_callmeta (lua_State *L, int obj, const char *event) {
+ obj = abs_index(L, obj);
+ if (!luaL_getmetafield(L, obj, event)) /* no metafield? */
+ return 0;
+ lua_pushvalue(L, obj);
+ lua_call(L, 1, 1);
+ return 1;
+}
+
+
+LUALIB_API void (luaL_register) (lua_State *L, const char *libname,
+ const luaL_Reg *l) {
+ luaI_openlib(L, libname, l, 0);
+}
+
+
+static int libsize (const luaL_Reg *l) {
+ int size = 0;
+ for (; l->name; l++) size++;
+ return size;
+}
+
+
+LUALIB_API void luaI_openlib (lua_State *L, const char *libname,
+ const luaL_Reg *l, int nup) {
+ if (libname) {
+ int size = libsize(l);
+ /* check whether lib already exists */
+ luaL_findtable(L, LUA_REGISTRYINDEX, "_LOADED", 1);
+ lua_getfield(L, -1, libname); /* get _LOADED[libname] */
+ if (!lua_istable(L, -1)) { /* not found? */
+ lua_pop(L, 1); /* remove previous result */
+ /* try global variable (and create one if it does not exist) */
+ if (luaL_findtable(L, LUA_GLOBALSINDEX, libname, size) != NULL)
+ luaL_error(L, "name conflict for module " LUA_QS, libname);
+ lua_pushvalue(L, -1);
+ lua_setfield(L, -3, libname); /* _LOADED[libname] = new table */
+ }
+ lua_remove(L, -2); /* remove _LOADED table */
+ lua_insert(L, -(nup+1)); /* move library table to below upvalues */
+ }
+ for (; l->name; l++) {
+ int i;
+ for (i=0; i<nup; i++) /* copy upvalues to the top */
+ lua_pushvalue(L, -nup);
+ lua_pushcclosure(L, l->func, nup);
+ lua_setfield(L, -(nup+2), l->name);
+ }
+ lua_pop(L, nup); /* remove upvalues */
+}
+
+
+
+/*
+** {======================================================
+** getn-setn: size for arrays
+** =======================================================
+*/
+
+#if defined(LUA_COMPAT_GETN)
+
+static int checkint (lua_State *L, int topop) {
+ int n = (lua_type(L, -1) == LUA_TNUMBER) ? lua_tointeger(L, -1) : -1;
+ lua_pop(L, topop);
+ return n;
+}
+
+
+static void getsizes (lua_State *L) {
+ lua_getfield(L, LUA_REGISTRYINDEX, "LUA_SIZES");
+ if (lua_isnil(L, -1)) { /* no `size' table? */
+ lua_pop(L, 1); /* remove nil */
+ lua_newtable(L); /* create it */
+ lua_pushvalue(L, -1); /* `size' will be its own metatable */
+ lua_setmetatable(L, -2);
+ lua_pushliteral(L, "kv");
+ lua_setfield(L, -2, "__mode"); /* metatable(N).__mode = "kv" */
+ lua_pushvalue(L, -1);
+ lua_setfield(L, LUA_REGISTRYINDEX, "LUA_SIZES"); /* store in register */
+ }
+}
+
+
+LUALIB_API void luaL_setn (lua_State *L, int t, int n) {
+ t = abs_index(L, t);
+ lua_pushliteral(L, "n");
+ lua_rawget(L, t);
+ if (checkint(L, 1) >= 0) { /* is there a numeric field `n'? */
+ lua_pushliteral(L, "n"); /* use it */
+ lua_pushinteger(L, n);
+ lua_rawset(L, t);
+ }
+ else { /* use `sizes' */
+ getsizes(L);
+ lua_pushvalue(L, t);
+ lua_pushinteger(L, n);
+ lua_rawset(L, -3); /* sizes[t] = n */
+ lua_pop(L, 1); /* remove `sizes' */
+ }
+}
+
+
+LUALIB_API int luaL_getn (lua_State *L, int t) {
+ int n;
+ t = abs_index(L, t);
+ lua_pushliteral(L, "n"); /* try t.n */
+ lua_rawget(L, t);
+ if ((n = checkint(L, 1)) >= 0) return n;
+ getsizes(L); /* else try sizes[t] */
+ lua_pushvalue(L, t);
+ lua_rawget(L, -2);
+ if ((n = checkint(L, 2)) >= 0) return n;
+ return (int)lua_objlen(L, t);
+}
+
+#endif
+
+/* }====================================================== */
+
+
+
+LUALIB_API const char *luaL_gsub (lua_State *L, const char *s, const char *p,
+ const char *r) {
+ const char *wild;
+ size_t l = strlen(p);
+ luaL_Buffer b;
+ luaL_buffinit(L, &b);
+ while ((wild = strstr(s, p)) != NULL) {
+ luaL_addlstring(&b, s, wild - s); /* push prefix */
+ luaL_addstring(&b, r); /* push replacement in place of pattern */
+ s = wild + l; /* continue after `p' */
+ }
+ luaL_addstring(&b, s); /* push last suffix */
+ luaL_pushresult(&b);
+ return lua_tostring(L, -1);
+}
+
+
+LUALIB_API const char *luaL_findtable (lua_State *L, int idx,
+ const char *fname, int szhint) {
+ const char *e;
+ lua_pushvalue(L, idx);
+ do {
+ e = strchr(fname, '.');
+ if (e == NULL) e = fname + strlen(fname);
+ lua_pushlstring(L, fname, e - fname);
+ lua_rawget(L, -2);
+ if (lua_isnil(L, -1)) { /* no such field? */
+ lua_pop(L, 1); /* remove this nil */
+ lua_createtable(L, 0, (*e == '.' ? 1 : szhint)); /* new table for field */
+ lua_pushlstring(L, fname, e - fname);
+ lua_pushvalue(L, -2);
+ lua_settable(L, -4); /* set new table into field */
+ }
+ else if (!lua_istable(L, -1)) { /* field has a non-table value? */
+ lua_pop(L, 2); /* remove table and value */
+ return fname; /* return problematic part of the name */
+ }
+ lua_remove(L, -2); /* remove previous table */
+ fname = e + 1;
+ } while (*e == '.');
+ return NULL;
+}
+
+
+
+/*
+** {======================================================
+** Generic Buffer manipulation
+** =======================================================
+*/
+
+
+#define bufflen(B) ((B)->p - (B)->buffer)
+#define bufffree(B) ((size_t)(LUAL_BUFFERSIZE - bufflen(B)))
+
+#define LIMIT (LUA_MINSTACK/2)
+
+
+static int emptybuffer (luaL_Buffer *B) {
+ size_t l = bufflen(B);
+ if (l == 0) return 0; /* put nothing on stack */
+ else {
+ lua_pushlstring(B->L, B->buffer, l);
+ B->p = B->buffer;
+ B->lvl++;
+ return 1;
+ }
+}
+
+
+static void adjuststack (luaL_Buffer *B) {
+ if (B->lvl > 1) {
+ lua_State *L = B->L;
+ int toget = 1; /* number of levels to concat */
+ size_t toplen = lua_strlen(L, -1);
+ do {
+ size_t l = lua_strlen(L, -(toget+1));
+ if (B->lvl - toget + 1 >= LIMIT || toplen > l) {
+ toplen += l;
+ toget++;
+ }
+ else break;
+ } while (toget < B->lvl);
+ lua_concat(L, toget);
+ B->lvl = B->lvl - toget + 1;
+ }
+}
+
+
+LUALIB_API char *luaL_prepbuffer (luaL_Buffer *B) {
+ if (emptybuffer(B))
+ adjuststack(B);
+ return B->buffer;
+}
+
+
+LUALIB_API void luaL_addlstring (luaL_Buffer *B, const char *s, size_t l) {
+ while (l--)
+ luaL_addchar(B, *s++);
+}
+
+
+LUALIB_API void luaL_addstring (luaL_Buffer *B, const char *s) {
+ luaL_addlstring(B, s, strlen(s));
+}
+
+
+LUALIB_API void luaL_pushresult (luaL_Buffer *B) {
+ emptybuffer(B);
+ lua_concat(B->L, B->lvl);
+ B->lvl = 1;
+}
+
+
+LUALIB_API void luaL_addvalue (luaL_Buffer *B) {
+ lua_State *L = B->L;
+ size_t vl;
+ const char *s = lua_tolstring(L, -1, &vl);
+ if (vl <= bufffree(B)) { /* fit into buffer? */
+ memcpy(B->p, s, vl); /* put it there */
+ B->p += vl;
+ lua_pop(L, 1); /* remove from stack */
+ }
+ else {
+ if (emptybuffer(B))
+ lua_insert(L, -2); /* put buffer before new value */
+ B->lvl++; /* add new value into B stack */
+ adjuststack(B);
+ }
+}
+
+
+LUALIB_API void luaL_buffinit (lua_State *L, luaL_Buffer *B) {
+ B->L = L;
+ B->p = B->buffer;
+ B->lvl = 0;
+}
+
+/* }====================================================== */
+
+
+LUALIB_API int luaL_ref (lua_State *L, int t) {
+ int ref;
+ t = abs_index(L, t);
+ if (lua_isnil(L, -1)) {
+ lua_pop(L, 1); /* remove from stack */
+ return LUA_REFNIL; /* `nil' has a unique fixed reference */
+ }
+ lua_rawgeti(L, t, FREELIST_REF); /* get first free element */
+ ref = (int)lua_tointeger(L, -1); /* ref = t[FREELIST_REF] */
+ lua_pop(L, 1); /* remove it from stack */
+ if (ref != 0) { /* any free element? */
+ lua_rawgeti(L, t, ref); /* remove it from list */
+ lua_rawseti(L, t, FREELIST_REF); /* (t[FREELIST_REF] = t[ref]) */
+ }
+ else { /* no free elements */
+ ref = (int)lua_objlen(L, t);
+ ref++; /* create new reference */
+ }
+ lua_rawseti(L, t, ref);
+ return ref;
+}
+
+
+LUALIB_API void luaL_unref (lua_State *L, int t, int ref) {
+ if (ref >= 0) {
+ t = abs_index(L, t);
+ lua_rawgeti(L, t, FREELIST_REF);
+ lua_rawseti(L, t, ref); /* t[ref] = t[FREELIST_REF] */
+ lua_pushinteger(L, ref);
+ lua_rawseti(L, t, FREELIST_REF); /* t[FREELIST_REF] = ref */
+ }
+}
+
+
+
+/*
+** {======================================================
+** Load functions
+** =======================================================
+*/
+
+typedef struct LoadF {
+ int extraline;
+ FILE *f;
+ char buff[LUAL_BUFFERSIZE];
+} LoadF;
+
+
+static const char *getF (lua_State *L, void *ud, size_t *size) {
+ LoadF *lf = (LoadF *)ud;
+ (void)L;
+ if (lf->extraline) {
+ lf->extraline = 0;
+ *size = 1;
+ return "\n";
+ }
+ if (feof(lf->f)) return NULL;
+ *size = fread(lf->buff, 1, sizeof(lf->buff), lf->f);
+ return (*size > 0) ? lf->buff : NULL;
+}
+
+
+static int errfile (lua_State *L, const char *what, int fnameindex) {
+ const char *serr = strerror(errno);
+ const char *filename = lua_tostring(L, fnameindex) + 1;
+ lua_pushfstring(L, "cannot %s %s: %s", what, filename, serr);
+ lua_remove(L, fnameindex);
+ return LUA_ERRFILE;
+}
+
+
+LUALIB_API int luaL_loadfile (lua_State *L, const char *filename) {
+ LoadF lf;
+ int status, readstatus;
+ int c;
+ int fnameindex = lua_gettop(L) + 1; /* index of filename on the stack */
+ lf.extraline = 0;
+ if (filename == NULL) {
+ lua_pushliteral(L, "=stdin");
+ lf.f = stdin;
+ }
+ else {
+ lua_pushfstring(L, "@%s", filename);
+ lf.f = fopen(filename, "r");
+ if (lf.f == NULL) return errfile(L, "open", fnameindex);
+ }
+ c = getc(lf.f);
+ if (c == '#') { /* Unix exec. file? */
+ lf.extraline = 1;
+ while ((c = getc(lf.f)) != EOF && c != '\n') ; /* skip first line */
+ if (c == '\n') c = getc(lf.f);
+ }
+ if (c == LUA_SIGNATURE[0] && filename) { /* binary file? */
+ lf.f = freopen(filename, "rb", lf.f); /* reopen in binary mode */
+ if (lf.f == NULL) return errfile(L, "reopen", fnameindex);
+ /* skip eventual `#!...' */
+ while ((c = getc(lf.f)) != EOF && c != LUA_SIGNATURE[0]) ;
+ lf.extraline = 0;
+ }
+ ungetc(c, lf.f);
+ status = lua_load(L, getF, &lf, lua_tostring(L, -1));
+ readstatus = ferror(lf.f);
+ if (filename) fclose(lf.f); /* close file (even in case of errors) */
+ if (readstatus) {
+ lua_settop(L, fnameindex); /* ignore results from `lua_load' */
+ return errfile(L, "read", fnameindex);
+ }
+ lua_remove(L, fnameindex);
+ return status;
+}
+
+
+typedef struct LoadS {
+ const char *s;
+ size_t size;
+} LoadS;
+
+
+static const char *getS (lua_State *L, void *ud, size_t *size) {
+ LoadS *ls = (LoadS *)ud;
+ (void)L;
+ if (ls->size == 0) return NULL;
+ *size = ls->size;
+ ls->size = 0;
+ return ls->s;
+}
+
+
+LUALIB_API int luaL_loadbuffer (lua_State *L, const char *buff, size_t size,
+ const char *name) {
+ LoadS ls;
+ ls.s = buff;
+ ls.size = size;
+ return lua_load(L, getS, &ls, name);
+}
+
+
+LUALIB_API int (luaL_loadstring) (lua_State *L, const char *s) {
+ return luaL_loadbuffer(L, s, strlen(s), s);
+}
+
+
+
+/* }====================================================== */
+
+
+static void *l_alloc (void *ud, void *ptr, size_t osize, size_t nsize) {
+ (void)ud;
+ (void)osize;
+ if (nsize == 0) {
+ free(ptr);
+ return NULL;
+ }
+ else
+ return realloc(ptr, nsize);
+}
+
+
+static int panic (lua_State *L) {
+ (void)L; /* to avoid warnings */
+ fprintf(stderr, "PANIC: unprotected error in call to Lua API (%s)\n",
+ lua_tostring(L, -1));
+ return 0;
+}
+
+
+LUALIB_API lua_State *luaL_newstate (void) {
+ lua_State *L = lua_newstate(l_alloc, NULL);
+ if (L) lua_atpanic(L, &panic);
+ return L;
+}
+
--- /dev/null
+/*
+** $Id: lauxlib.h,v 1.88.1.1 2007/12/27 13:02:25 roberto Exp $
+** Auxiliary functions for building Lua libraries
+** See Copyright Notice in lua.h
+*/
+
+
+#ifndef lauxlib_h
+#define lauxlib_h
+
+
+#include <stddef.h>
+#include <stdio.h>
+
+#include "lua.h"
+
+
+#if defined(LUA_COMPAT_GETN)
+LUALIB_API int (luaL_getn) (lua_State *L, int t);
+LUALIB_API void (luaL_setn) (lua_State *L, int t, int n);
+#else
+#define luaL_getn(L,i) ((int)lua_objlen(L, i))
+#define luaL_setn(L,i,j) ((void)0) /* no op! */
+#endif
+
+#if defined(LUA_COMPAT_OPENLIB)
+#define luaI_openlib luaL_openlib
+#endif
+
+
+/* extra error code for `luaL_load' */
+#define LUA_ERRFILE (LUA_ERRERR+1)
+
+
+typedef struct luaL_Reg {
+ const char *name;
+ lua_CFunction func;
+} luaL_Reg;
+
+
+
+LUALIB_API void (luaI_openlib) (lua_State *L, const char *libname,
+ const luaL_Reg *l, int nup);
+LUALIB_API void (luaL_register) (lua_State *L, const char *libname,
+ const luaL_Reg *l);
+LUALIB_API int (luaL_getmetafield) (lua_State *L, int obj, const char *e);
+LUALIB_API int (luaL_callmeta) (lua_State *L, int obj, const char *e);
+LUALIB_API int (luaL_typerror) (lua_State *L, int narg, const char *tname);
+LUALIB_API int (luaL_argerror) (lua_State *L, int numarg, const char *extramsg);
+LUALIB_API const char *(luaL_checklstring) (lua_State *L, int numArg,
+ size_t *l);
+LUALIB_API const char *(luaL_optlstring) (lua_State *L, int numArg,
+ const char *def, size_t *l);
+LUALIB_API lua_Number (luaL_checknumber) (lua_State *L, int numArg);
+LUALIB_API lua_Number (luaL_optnumber) (lua_State *L, int nArg, lua_Number def);
+
+LUALIB_API lua_Integer (luaL_checkinteger) (lua_State *L, int numArg);
+LUALIB_API lua_Integer (luaL_optinteger) (lua_State *L, int nArg,
+ lua_Integer def);
+
+LUALIB_API void (luaL_checkstack) (lua_State *L, int sz, const char *msg);
+LUALIB_API void (luaL_checktype) (lua_State *L, int narg, int t);
+LUALIB_API void (luaL_checkany) (lua_State *L, int narg);
+
+LUALIB_API int (luaL_newmetatable) (lua_State *L, const char *tname);
+LUALIB_API void *(luaL_checkudata) (lua_State *L, int ud, const char *tname);
+
+LUALIB_API void (luaL_where) (lua_State *L, int lvl);
+LUALIB_API int (luaL_error) (lua_State *L, const char *fmt, ...);
+
+LUALIB_API int (luaL_checkoption) (lua_State *L, int narg, const char *def,
+ const char *const lst[]);
+
+LUALIB_API int (luaL_ref) (lua_State *L, int t);
+LUALIB_API void (luaL_unref) (lua_State *L, int t, int ref);
+
+LUALIB_API int (luaL_loadfile) (lua_State *L, const char *filename);
+LUALIB_API int (luaL_loadbuffer) (lua_State *L, const char *buff, size_t sz,
+ const char *name);
+LUALIB_API int (luaL_loadstring) (lua_State *L, const char *s);
+
+LUALIB_API lua_State *(luaL_newstate) (void);
+
+
+LUALIB_API const char *(luaL_gsub) (lua_State *L, const char *s, const char *p,
+ const char *r);
+
+LUALIB_API const char *(luaL_findtable) (lua_State *L, int idx,
+ const char *fname, int szhint);
+
+
+
+
+/*
+** ===============================================================
+** some useful macros
+** ===============================================================
+*/
+
+#define luaL_argcheck(L, cond,numarg,extramsg) \
+ ((void)((cond) || luaL_argerror(L, (numarg), (extramsg))))
+#define luaL_checkstring(L,n) (luaL_checklstring(L, (n), NULL))
+#define luaL_optstring(L,n,d) (luaL_optlstring(L, (n), (d), NULL))
+#define luaL_checkint(L,n) ((int)luaL_checkinteger(L, (n)))
+#define luaL_optint(L,n,d) ((int)luaL_optinteger(L, (n), (d)))
+#define luaL_checklong(L,n) ((long)luaL_checkinteger(L, (n)))
+#define luaL_optlong(L,n,d) ((long)luaL_optinteger(L, (n), (d)))
+
+#define luaL_typename(L,i) lua_typename(L, lua_type(L,(i)))
+
+#define luaL_dofile(L, fn) \
+ (luaL_loadfile(L, fn) || lua_pcall(L, 0, LUA_MULTRET, 0))
+
+#define luaL_dostring(L, s) \
+ (luaL_loadstring(L, s) || lua_pcall(L, 0, LUA_MULTRET, 0))
+
+#define luaL_getmetatable(L,n) (lua_getfield(L, LUA_REGISTRYINDEX, (n)))
+
+#define luaL_opt(L,f,n,d) (lua_isnoneornil(L,(n)) ? (d) : f(L,(n)))
+
+/*
+** {======================================================
+** Generic Buffer manipulation
+** =======================================================
+*/
+
+
+
+typedef struct luaL_Buffer {
+ char *p; /* current position in buffer */
+ int lvl; /* number of strings in the stack (level) */
+ lua_State *L;
+ char buffer[LUAL_BUFFERSIZE];
+} luaL_Buffer;
+
+#define luaL_addchar(B,c) \
+ ((void)((B)->p < ((B)->buffer+LUAL_BUFFERSIZE) || luaL_prepbuffer(B)), \
+ (*(B)->p++ = (char)(c)))
+
+/* compatibility only */
+#define luaL_putchar(B,c) luaL_addchar(B,c)
+
+#define luaL_addsize(B,n) ((B)->p += (n))
+
+LUALIB_API void (luaL_buffinit) (lua_State *L, luaL_Buffer *B);
+LUALIB_API char *(luaL_prepbuffer) (luaL_Buffer *B);
+LUALIB_API void (luaL_addlstring) (luaL_Buffer *B, const char *s, size_t l);
+LUALIB_API void (luaL_addstring) (luaL_Buffer *B, const char *s);
+LUALIB_API void (luaL_addvalue) (luaL_Buffer *B);
+LUALIB_API void (luaL_pushresult) (luaL_Buffer *B);
+
+
+/* }====================================================== */
+
+
+/* compatibility with ref system */
+
+/* pre-defined references */
+#define LUA_NOREF (-2)
+#define LUA_REFNIL (-1)
+
+#define lua_ref(L,lock) ((lock) ? luaL_ref(L, LUA_REGISTRYINDEX) : \
+ (lua_pushstring(L, "unlocked references are obsolete"), lua_error(L), 0))
+
+#define lua_unref(L,ref) luaL_unref(L, LUA_REGISTRYINDEX, (ref))
+
+#define lua_getref(L,ref) lua_rawgeti(L, LUA_REGISTRYINDEX, (ref))
+
+
+#define luaL_reg luaL_Reg
+
+#endif
+
+
--- /dev/null
+/*
+** $Id: lbaselib.c,v 1.191.1.6 2008/02/14 16:46:22 roberto Exp $
+** Basic library
+** See Copyright Notice in lua.h
+*/
+
+
+
+#include <ctype.h>
+#include <stdio.h>
+#include <stdlib.h>
+#include <string.h>
+
+#define lbaselib_c
+#define LUA_LIB
+
+#include "lua.h"
+
+#include "lauxlib.h"
+#include "lualib.h"
+
+
+
+
+/*
+** If your system does not support `stdout', you can just remove this function.
+** If you need, you can define your own `print' function, following this
+** model but changing `fputs' to put the strings at a proper place
+** (a console window or a log file, for instance).
+*/
+static int luaB_print (lua_State *L) {
+ int n = lua_gettop(L); /* number of arguments */
+ int i;
+ lua_getglobal(L, "tostring");
+ for (i=1; i<=n; i++) {
+ const char *s;
+ lua_pushvalue(L, -1); /* function to be called */
+ lua_pushvalue(L, i); /* value to print */
+ lua_call(L, 1, 1);
+ s = lua_tostring(L, -1); /* get result */
+ if (s == NULL)
+ return luaL_error(L, LUA_QL("tostring") " must return a string to "
+ LUA_QL("print"));
+ if (i>1) fputs("\t", stdout);
+ fputs(s, stdout);
+ lua_pop(L, 1); /* pop result */
+ }
+ fputs("\n", stdout);
+ return 0;
+}
+
+
+static int luaB_tonumber (lua_State *L) {
+ int base = luaL_optint(L, 2, 10);
+ if (base == 10) { /* standard conversion */
+ luaL_checkany(L, 1);
+ if (lua_isnumber(L, 1)) {
+ lua_pushnumber(L, lua_tonumber(L, 1));
+ return 1;
+ }
+ }
+ else {
+ const char *s1 = luaL_checkstring(L, 1);
+ char *s2;
+ unsigned long n;
+ luaL_argcheck(L, 2 <= base && base <= 36, 2, "base out of range");
+ n = strtoul(s1, &s2, base);
+ if (s1 != s2) { /* at least one valid digit? */
+ while (isspace((unsigned char)(*s2))) s2++; /* skip trailing spaces */
+ if (*s2 == '\0') { /* no invalid trailing characters? */
+ lua_pushnumber(L, (lua_Number)n);
+ return 1;
+ }
+ }
+ }
+ lua_pushnil(L); /* else not a number */
+ return 1;
+}
+
+
+static int luaB_error (lua_State *L) {
+ int level = luaL_optint(L, 2, 1);
+ lua_settop(L, 1);
+ if (lua_isstring(L, 1) && level > 0) { /* add extra information? */
+ luaL_where(L, level);
+ lua_pushvalue(L, 1);
+ lua_concat(L, 2);
+ }
+ return lua_error(L);
+}
+
+
+static int luaB_getmetatable (lua_State *L) {
+ luaL_checkany(L, 1);
+ if (!lua_getmetatable(L, 1)) {
+ lua_pushnil(L);
+ return 1; /* no metatable */
+ }
+ luaL_getmetafield(L, 1, "__metatable");
+ return 1; /* returns either __metatable field (if present) or metatable */
+}
+
+
+static int luaB_setmetatable (lua_State *L) {
+ int t = lua_type(L, 2);
+ luaL_checktype(L, 1, LUA_TTABLE);
+ luaL_argcheck(L, t == LUA_TNIL || t == LUA_TTABLE, 2,
+ "nil or table expected");
+ if (luaL_getmetafield(L, 1, "__metatable"))
+ luaL_error(L, "cannot change a protected metatable");
+ lua_settop(L, 2);
+ lua_setmetatable(L, 1);
+ return 1;
+}
+
+
+static void getfunc (lua_State *L, int opt) {
+ if (lua_isfunction(L, 1)) lua_pushvalue(L, 1);
+ else {
+ lua_Debug ar;
+ int level = opt ? luaL_optint(L, 1, 1) : luaL_checkint(L, 1);
+ luaL_argcheck(L, level >= 0, 1, "level must be non-negative");
+ if (lua_getstack(L, level, &ar) == 0)
+ luaL_argerror(L, 1, "invalid level");
+ lua_getinfo(L, "f", &ar);
+ if (lua_isnil(L, -1))
+ luaL_error(L, "no function environment for tail call at level %d",
+ level);
+ }
+}
+
+
+static int luaB_getfenv (lua_State *L) {
+ getfunc(L, 1);
+ if (lua_iscfunction(L, -1)) /* is a C function? */
+ lua_pushvalue(L, LUA_GLOBALSINDEX); /* return the thread's global env. */
+ else
+ lua_getfenv(L, -1);
+ return 1;
+}
+
+
+static int luaB_setfenv (lua_State *L) {
+ luaL_checktype(L, 2, LUA_TTABLE);
+ getfunc(L, 0);
+ lua_pushvalue(L, 2);
+ if (lua_isnumber(L, 1) && lua_tonumber(L, 1) == 0) {
+ /* change environment of current thread */
+ lua_pushthread(L);
+ lua_insert(L, -2);
+ lua_setfenv(L, -2);
+ return 0;
+ }
+ else if (lua_iscfunction(L, -2) || lua_setfenv(L, -2) == 0)
+ luaL_error(L,
+ LUA_QL("setfenv") " cannot change environment of given object");
+ return 1;
+}
+
+
+static int luaB_rawequal (lua_State *L) {
+ luaL_checkany(L, 1);
+ luaL_checkany(L, 2);
+ lua_pushboolean(L, lua_rawequal(L, 1, 2));
+ return 1;
+}
+
+
+static int luaB_rawget (lua_State *L) {
+ luaL_checktype(L, 1, LUA_TTABLE);
+ luaL_checkany(L, 2);
+ lua_settop(L, 2);
+ lua_rawget(L, 1);
+ return 1;
+}
+
+static int luaB_rawset (lua_State *L) {
+ luaL_checktype(L, 1, LUA_TTABLE);
+ luaL_checkany(L, 2);
+ luaL_checkany(L, 3);
+ lua_settop(L, 3);
+ lua_rawset(L, 1);
+ return 1;
+}
+
+
+static int luaB_gcinfo (lua_State *L) {
+ lua_pushinteger(L, lua_getgccount(L));
+ return 1;
+}
+
+
+static int luaB_collectgarbage (lua_State *L) {
+ static const char *const opts[] = {"stop", "restart", "collect",
+ "count", "step", "setpause", "setstepmul", NULL};
+ static const int optsnum[] = {LUA_GCSTOP, LUA_GCRESTART, LUA_GCCOLLECT,
+ LUA_GCCOUNT, LUA_GCSTEP, LUA_GCSETPAUSE, LUA_GCSETSTEPMUL};
+ int o = luaL_checkoption(L, 1, "collect", opts);
+ int ex = luaL_optint(L, 2, 0);
+ int res = lua_gc(L, optsnum[o], ex);
+ switch (optsnum[o]) {
+ case LUA_GCCOUNT: {
+ int b = lua_gc(L, LUA_GCCOUNTB, 0);
+ lua_pushnumber(L, res + ((lua_Number)b/1024));
+ return 1;
+ }
+ case LUA_GCSTEP: {
+ lua_pushboolean(L, res);
+ return 1;
+ }
+ default: {
+ lua_pushnumber(L, res);
+ return 1;
+ }
+ }
+}
+
+
+static int luaB_type (lua_State *L) {
+ luaL_checkany(L, 1);
+ lua_pushstring(L, luaL_typename(L, 1));
+ return 1;
+}
+
+
+static int luaB_next (lua_State *L) {
+ luaL_checktype(L, 1, LUA_TTABLE);
+ lua_settop(L, 2); /* create a 2nd argument if there isn't one */
+ if (lua_next(L, 1))
+ return 2;
+ else {
+ lua_pushnil(L);
+ return 1;
+ }
+}
+
+
+static int luaB_pairs (lua_State *L) {
+ luaL_checktype(L, 1, LUA_TTABLE);
+ lua_pushvalue(L, lua_upvalueindex(1)); /* return generator, */
+ lua_pushvalue(L, 1); /* state, */
+ lua_pushnil(L); /* and initial value */
+ return 3;
+}
+
+
+static int ipairsaux (lua_State *L) {
+ int i = luaL_checkint(L, 2);
+ luaL_checktype(L, 1, LUA_TTABLE);
+ i++; /* next value */
+ lua_pushinteger(L, i);
+ lua_rawgeti(L, 1, i);
+ return (lua_isnil(L, -1)) ? 0 : 2;
+}
+
+
+static int luaB_ipairs (lua_State *L) {
+ luaL_checktype(L, 1, LUA_TTABLE);
+ lua_pushvalue(L, lua_upvalueindex(1)); /* return generator, */
+ lua_pushvalue(L, 1); /* state, */
+ lua_pushinteger(L, 0); /* and initial value */
+ return 3;
+}
+
+
+static int load_aux (lua_State *L, int status) {
+ if (status == 0) /* OK? */
+ return 1;
+ else {
+ lua_pushnil(L);
+ lua_insert(L, -2); /* put before error message */
+ return 2; /* return nil plus error message */
+ }
+}
+
+
+static int luaB_loadstring (lua_State *L) {
+ size_t l;
+ const char *s = luaL_checklstring(L, 1, &l);
+ const char *chunkname = luaL_optstring(L, 2, s);
+ return load_aux(L, luaL_loadbuffer(L, s, l, chunkname));
+}
+
+
+static int luaB_loadfile (lua_State *L) {
+ const char *fname = luaL_optstring(L, 1, NULL);
+ return load_aux(L, luaL_loadfile(L, fname));
+}
+
+
+/*
+** Reader for generic `load' function: `lua_load' uses the
+** stack for internal stuff, so the reader cannot change the
+** stack top. Instead, it keeps its resulting string in a
+** reserved slot inside the stack.
+*/
+static const char *generic_reader (lua_State *L, void *ud, size_t *size) {
+ (void)ud; /* to avoid warnings */
+ luaL_checkstack(L, 2, "too many nested functions");
+ lua_pushvalue(L, 1); /* get function */
+ lua_call(L, 0, 1); /* call it */
+ if (lua_isnil(L, -1)) {
+ *size = 0;
+ return NULL;
+ }
+ else if (lua_isstring(L, -1)) {
+ lua_replace(L, 3); /* save string in a reserved stack slot */
+ return lua_tolstring(L, 3, size);
+ }
+ else luaL_error(L, "reader function must return a string");
+ return NULL; /* to avoid warnings */
+}
+
+
+static int luaB_load (lua_State *L) {
+ int status;
+ const char *cname = luaL_optstring(L, 2, "=(load)");
+ luaL_checktype(L, 1, LUA_TFUNCTION);
+ lua_settop(L, 3); /* function, eventual name, plus one reserved slot */
+ status = lua_load(L, generic_reader, NULL, cname);
+ return load_aux(L, status);
+}
+
+
+static int luaB_dofile (lua_State *L) {
+ const char *fname = luaL_optstring(L, 1, NULL);
+ int n = lua_gettop(L);
+ if (luaL_loadfile(L, fname) != 0) lua_error(L);
+ lua_call(L, 0, LUA_MULTRET);
+ return lua_gettop(L) - n;
+}
+
+
+static int luaB_assert (lua_State *L) {
+ luaL_checkany(L, 1);
+ if (!lua_toboolean(L, 1))
+ return luaL_error(L, "%s", luaL_optstring(L, 2, "assertion failed!"));
+ return lua_gettop(L);
+}
+
+
+static int luaB_unpack (lua_State *L) {
+ int i, e, n;
+ luaL_checktype(L, 1, LUA_TTABLE);
+ i = luaL_optint(L, 2, 1);
+ e = luaL_opt(L, luaL_checkint, 3, luaL_getn(L, 1));
+ if (i > e) return 0; /* empty range */
+ n = e - i + 1; /* number of elements */
+ if (n <= 0 || !lua_checkstack(L, n)) /* n <= 0 means arith. overflow */
+ return luaL_error(L, "too many results to unpack");
+ lua_rawgeti(L, 1, i); /* push arg[i] (avoiding overflow problems) */
+ while (i++ < e) /* push arg[i + 1...e] */
+ lua_rawgeti(L, 1, i);
+ return n;
+}
+
+
+static int luaB_select (lua_State *L) {
+ int n = lua_gettop(L);
+ if (lua_type(L, 1) == LUA_TSTRING && *lua_tostring(L, 1) == '#') {
+ lua_pushinteger(L, n-1);
+ return 1;
+ }
+ else {
+ int i = luaL_checkint(L, 1);
+ if (i < 0) i = n + i;
+ else if (i > n) i = n;
+ luaL_argcheck(L, 1 <= i, 1, "index out of range");
+ return n - i;
+ }
+}
+
+
+static int luaB_pcall (lua_State *L) {
+ int status;
+ luaL_checkany(L, 1);
+ status = lua_pcall(L, lua_gettop(L) - 1, LUA_MULTRET, 0);
+ lua_pushboolean(L, (status == 0));
+ lua_insert(L, 1);
+ return lua_gettop(L); /* return status + all results */
+}
+
+
+static int luaB_xpcall (lua_State *L) {
+ int status;
+ luaL_checkany(L, 2);
+ lua_settop(L, 2);
+ lua_insert(L, 1); /* put error function under function to be called */
+ status = lua_pcall(L, 0, LUA_MULTRET, 1);
+ lua_pushboolean(L, (status == 0));
+ lua_replace(L, 1);
+ return lua_gettop(L); /* return status + all results */
+}
+
+
+static int luaB_tostring (lua_State *L) {
+ luaL_checkany(L, 1);
+ if (luaL_callmeta(L, 1, "__tostring")) /* is there a metafield? */
+ return 1; /* use its value */
+ switch (lua_type(L, 1)) {
+ case LUA_TNUMBER:
+ lua_pushstring(L, lua_tostring(L, 1));
+ break;
+ case LUA_TSTRING:
+ lua_pushvalue(L, 1);
+ break;
+ case LUA_TBOOLEAN:
+ lua_pushstring(L, (lua_toboolean(L, 1) ? "true" : "false"));
+ break;
+ case LUA_TNIL:
+ lua_pushliteral(L, "nil");
+ break;
+ default:
+ lua_pushfstring(L, "%s: %p", luaL_typename(L, 1), lua_topointer(L, 1));
+ break;
+ }
+ return 1;
+}
+
+
+static int luaB_newproxy (lua_State *L) {
+ lua_settop(L, 1);
+ lua_newuserdata(L, 0); /* create proxy */
+ if (lua_toboolean(L, 1) == 0)
+ return 1; /* no metatable */
+ else if (lua_isboolean(L, 1)) {
+ lua_newtable(L); /* create a new metatable `m' ... */
+ lua_pushvalue(L, -1); /* ... and mark `m' as a valid metatable */
+ lua_pushboolean(L, 1);
+ lua_rawset(L, lua_upvalueindex(1)); /* weaktable[m] = true */
+ }
+ else {
+ int validproxy = 0; /* to check if weaktable[metatable(u)] == true */
+ if (lua_getmetatable(L, 1)) {
+ lua_rawget(L, lua_upvalueindex(1));
+ validproxy = lua_toboolean(L, -1);
+ lua_pop(L, 1); /* remove value */
+ }
+ luaL_argcheck(L, validproxy, 1, "boolean or proxy expected");
+ lua_getmetatable(L, 1); /* metatable is valid; get it */
+ }
+ lua_setmetatable(L, 2);
+ return 1;
+}
+
+
+static const luaL_Reg base_funcs[] = {
+ {"assert", luaB_assert},
+ {"collectgarbage", luaB_collectgarbage},
+ {"dofile", luaB_dofile},
+ {"error", luaB_error},
+ {"gcinfo", luaB_gcinfo},
+ {"getfenv", luaB_getfenv},
+ {"getmetatable", luaB_getmetatable},
+ {"loadfile", luaB_loadfile},
+ {"load", luaB_load},
+ {"loadstring", luaB_loadstring},
+ {"next", luaB_next},
+ {"pcall", luaB_pcall},
+ {"print", luaB_print},
+ {"rawequal", luaB_rawequal},
+ {"rawget", luaB_rawget},
+ {"rawset", luaB_rawset},
+ {"select", luaB_select},
+ {"setfenv", luaB_setfenv},
+ {"setmetatable", luaB_setmetatable},
+ {"tonumber", luaB_tonumber},
+ {"tostring", luaB_tostring},
+ {"type", luaB_type},
+ {"unpack", luaB_unpack},
+ {"xpcall", luaB_xpcall},
+ {NULL, NULL}
+};
+
+
+/*
+** {======================================================
+** Coroutine library
+** =======================================================
+*/
+
+#define CO_RUN 0 /* running */
+#define CO_SUS 1 /* suspended */
+#define CO_NOR 2 /* 'normal' (it resumed another coroutine) */
+#define CO_DEAD 3
+
+static const char *const statnames[] =
+ {"running", "suspended", "normal", "dead"};
+
+static int costatus (lua_State *L, lua_State *co) {
+ if (L == co) return CO_RUN;
+ switch (lua_status(co)) {
+ case LUA_YIELD:
+ return CO_SUS;
+ case 0: {
+ lua_Debug ar;
+ if (lua_getstack(co, 0, &ar) > 0) /* does it have frames? */
+ return CO_NOR; /* it is running */
+ else if (lua_gettop(co) == 0)
+ return CO_DEAD;
+ else
+ return CO_SUS; /* initial state */
+ }
+ default: /* some error occured */
+ return CO_DEAD;
+ }
+}
+
+
+static int luaB_costatus (lua_State *L) {
+ lua_State *co = lua_tothread(L, 1);
+ luaL_argcheck(L, co, 1, "coroutine expected");
+ lua_pushstring(L, statnames[costatus(L, co)]);
+ return 1;
+}
+
+
+static int auxresume (lua_State *L, lua_State *co, int narg) {
+ int status = costatus(L, co);
+ if (!lua_checkstack(co, narg))
+ luaL_error(L, "too many arguments to resume");
+ if (status != CO_SUS) {
+ lua_pushfstring(L, "cannot resume %s coroutine", statnames[status]);
+ return -1; /* error flag */
+ }
+ lua_xmove(L, co, narg);
+ lua_setlevel(L, co);
+ status = lua_resume(co, narg);
+ if (status == 0 || status == LUA_YIELD) {
+ int nres = lua_gettop(co);
+ if (!lua_checkstack(L, nres + 1))
+ luaL_error(L, "too many results to resume");
+ lua_xmove(co, L, nres); /* move yielded values */
+ return nres;
+ }
+ else {
+ lua_xmove(co, L, 1); /* move error message */
+ return -1; /* error flag */
+ }
+}
+
+
+static int luaB_coresume (lua_State *L) {
+ lua_State *co = lua_tothread(L, 1);
+ int r;
+ luaL_argcheck(L, co, 1, "coroutine expected");
+ r = auxresume(L, co, lua_gettop(L) - 1);
+ if (r < 0) {
+ lua_pushboolean(L, 0);
+ lua_insert(L, -2);
+ return 2; /* return false + error message */
+ }
+ else {
+ lua_pushboolean(L, 1);
+ lua_insert(L, -(r + 1));
+ return r + 1; /* return true + `resume' returns */
+ }
+}
+
+
+static int luaB_auxwrap (lua_State *L) {
+ lua_State *co = lua_tothread(L, lua_upvalueindex(1));
+ int r = auxresume(L, co, lua_gettop(L));
+ if (r < 0) {
+ if (lua_isstring(L, -1)) { /* error object is a string? */
+ luaL_where(L, 1); /* add extra info */
+ lua_insert(L, -2);
+ lua_concat(L, 2);
+ }
+ lua_error(L); /* propagate error */
+ }
+ return r;
+}
+
+
+static int luaB_cocreate (lua_State *L) {
+ lua_State *NL = lua_newthread(L);
+ luaL_argcheck(L, lua_isfunction(L, 1) && !lua_iscfunction(L, 1), 1,
+ "Lua function expected");
+ lua_pushvalue(L, 1); /* move function to top */
+ lua_xmove(L, NL, 1); /* move function from L to NL */
+ return 1;
+}
+
+
+static int luaB_cowrap (lua_State *L) {
+ luaB_cocreate(L);
+ lua_pushcclosure(L, luaB_auxwrap, 1);
+ return 1;
+}
+
+
+static int luaB_yield (lua_State *L) {
+ return lua_yield(L, lua_gettop(L));
+}
+
+
+static int luaB_corunning (lua_State *L) {
+ if (lua_pushthread(L))
+ lua_pushnil(L); /* main thread is not a coroutine */
+ return 1;
+}
+
+
+static const luaL_Reg co_funcs[] = {
+ {"create", luaB_cocreate},
+ {"resume", luaB_coresume},
+ {"running", luaB_corunning},
+ {"status", luaB_costatus},
+ {"wrap", luaB_cowrap},
+ {"yield", luaB_yield},
+ {NULL, NULL}
+};
+
+/* }====================================================== */
+
+
+static void auxopen (lua_State *L, const char *name,
+ lua_CFunction f, lua_CFunction u) {
+ lua_pushcfunction(L, u);
+ lua_pushcclosure(L, f, 1);
+ lua_setfield(L, -2, name);
+}
+
+
+static void base_open (lua_State *L) {
+ /* set global _G */
+ lua_pushvalue(L, LUA_GLOBALSINDEX);
+ lua_setglobal(L, "_G");
+ /* open lib into global table */
+ luaL_register(L, "_G", base_funcs);
+ lua_pushliteral(L, LUA_VERSION);
+ lua_setglobal(L, "_VERSION"); /* set global _VERSION */
+ /* `ipairs' and `pairs' need auxiliary functions as upvalues */
+ auxopen(L, "ipairs", luaB_ipairs, ipairsaux);
+ auxopen(L, "pairs", luaB_pairs, luaB_next);
+ /* `newproxy' needs a weaktable as upvalue */
+ lua_createtable(L, 0, 1); /* new table `w' */
+ lua_pushvalue(L, -1); /* `w' will be its own metatable */
+ lua_setmetatable(L, -2);
+ lua_pushliteral(L, "kv");
+ lua_setfield(L, -2, "__mode"); /* metatable(w).__mode = "kv" */
+ lua_pushcclosure(L, luaB_newproxy, 1);
+ lua_setglobal(L, "newproxy"); /* set global `newproxy' */
+}
+
+
+LUALIB_API int luaopen_base (lua_State *L) {
+ base_open(L);
+ luaL_register(L, LUA_COLIBNAME, co_funcs);
+ return 2;
+}
+
--- /dev/null
+/*
+** $Id: lcode.c,v 2.25.1.5 2011/01/31 14:53:16 roberto Exp $
+** Code generator for Lua
+** See Copyright Notice in lua.h
+*/
+
+
+#include <stdlib.h>
+
+#define lcode_c
+#define LUA_CORE
+
+#include "lua.h"
+
+#include "lcode.h"
+#include "ldebug.h"
+#include "ldo.h"
+#include "lgc.h"
+#include "llex.h"
+#include "lmem.h"
+#include "lobject.h"
+#include "lopcodes.h"
+#include "lparser.h"
+#include "ltable.h"
+
+
+#define hasjumps(e) ((e)->t != (e)->f)
+
+
+static int isnumeral(expdesc *e) {
+ return (e->k == VKNUM && e->t == NO_JUMP && e->f == NO_JUMP);
+}
+
+
+void luaK_nil (FuncState *fs, int from, int n) {
+ Instruction *previous;
+ if (fs->pc > fs->lasttarget) { /* no jumps to current position? */
+ if (fs->pc == 0) { /* function start? */
+ if (from >= fs->nactvar)
+ return; /* positions are already clean */
+ }
+ else {
+ previous = &fs->f->code[fs->pc-1];
+ if (GET_OPCODE(*previous) == OP_LOADNIL) {
+ int pfrom = GETARG_A(*previous);
+ int pto = GETARG_B(*previous);
+ if (pfrom <= from && from <= pto+1) { /* can connect both? */
+ if (from+n-1 > pto)
+ SETARG_B(*previous, from+n-1);
+ return;
+ }
+ }
+ }
+ }
+ luaK_codeABC(fs, OP_LOADNIL, from, from+n-1, 0); /* else no optimization */
+}
+
+
+int luaK_jump (FuncState *fs) {
+ int jpc = fs->jpc; /* save list of jumps to here */
+ int j;
+ fs->jpc = NO_JUMP;
+ j = luaK_codeAsBx(fs, OP_JMP, 0, NO_JUMP);
+ luaK_concat(fs, &j, jpc); /* keep them on hold */
+ return j;
+}
+
+
+void luaK_ret (FuncState *fs, int first, int nret) {
+ luaK_codeABC(fs, OP_RETURN, first, nret+1, 0);
+}
+
+
+static int condjump (FuncState *fs, OpCode op, int A, int B, int C) {
+ luaK_codeABC(fs, op, A, B, C);
+ return luaK_jump(fs);
+}
+
+
+static void fixjump (FuncState *fs, int pc, int dest) {
+ Instruction *jmp = &fs->f->code[pc];
+ int offset = dest-(pc+1);
+ lua_assert(dest != NO_JUMP);
+ if (abs(offset) > MAXARG_sBx)
+ luaX_syntaxerror(fs->ls, "control structure too long");
+ SETARG_sBx(*jmp, offset);
+}
+
+
+/*
+** returns current `pc' and marks it as a jump target (to avoid wrong
+** optimizations with consecutive instructions not in the same basic block).
+*/
+int luaK_getlabel (FuncState *fs) {
+ fs->lasttarget = fs->pc;
+ return fs->pc;
+}
+
+
+static int getjump (FuncState *fs, int pc) {
+ int offset = GETARG_sBx(fs->f->code[pc]);
+ if (offset == NO_JUMP) /* point to itself represents end of list */
+ return NO_JUMP; /* end of list */
+ else
+ return (pc+1)+offset; /* turn offset into absolute position */
+}
+
+
+static Instruction *getjumpcontrol (FuncState *fs, int pc) {
+ Instruction *pi = &fs->f->code[pc];
+ if (pc >= 1 && testTMode(GET_OPCODE(*(pi-1))))
+ return pi-1;
+ else
+ return pi;
+}
+
+
+/*
+** check whether list has any jump that do not produce a value
+** (or produce an inverted value)
+*/
+static int need_value (FuncState *fs, int list) {
+ for (; list != NO_JUMP; list = getjump(fs, list)) {
+ Instruction i = *getjumpcontrol(fs, list);
+ if (GET_OPCODE(i) != OP_TESTSET) return 1;
+ }
+ return 0; /* not found */
+}
+
+
+static int patchtestreg (FuncState *fs, int node, int reg) {
+ Instruction *i = getjumpcontrol(fs, node);
+ if (GET_OPCODE(*i) != OP_TESTSET)
+ return 0; /* cannot patch other instructions */
+ if (reg != NO_REG && reg != GETARG_B(*i))
+ SETARG_A(*i, reg);
+ else /* no register to put value or register already has the value */
+ *i = CREATE_ABC(OP_TEST, GETARG_B(*i), 0, GETARG_C(*i));
+
+ return 1;
+}
+
+
+static void removevalues (FuncState *fs, int list) {
+ for (; list != NO_JUMP; list = getjump(fs, list))
+ patchtestreg(fs, list, NO_REG);
+}
+
+
+static void patchlistaux (FuncState *fs, int list, int vtarget, int reg,
+ int dtarget) {
+ while (list != NO_JUMP) {
+ int next = getjump(fs, list);
+ if (patchtestreg(fs, list, reg))
+ fixjump(fs, list, vtarget);
+ else
+ fixjump(fs, list, dtarget); /* jump to default target */
+ list = next;
+ }
+}
+
+
+static void dischargejpc (FuncState *fs) {
+ patchlistaux(fs, fs->jpc, fs->pc, NO_REG, fs->pc);
+ fs->jpc = NO_JUMP;
+}
+
+
+void luaK_patchlist (FuncState *fs, int list, int target) {
+ if (target == fs->pc)
+ luaK_patchtohere(fs, list);
+ else {
+ lua_assert(target < fs->pc);
+ patchlistaux(fs, list, target, NO_REG, target);
+ }
+}
+
+
+void luaK_patchtohere (FuncState *fs, int list) {
+ luaK_getlabel(fs);
+ luaK_concat(fs, &fs->jpc, list);
+}
+
+
+void luaK_concat (FuncState *fs, int *l1, int l2) {
+ if (l2 == NO_JUMP) return;
+ else if (*l1 == NO_JUMP)
+ *l1 = l2;
+ else {
+ int list = *l1;
+ int next;
+ while ((next = getjump(fs, list)) != NO_JUMP) /* find last element */
+ list = next;
+ fixjump(fs, list, l2);
+ }
+}
+
+
+void luaK_checkstack (FuncState *fs, int n) {
+ int newstack = fs->freereg + n;
+ if (newstack > fs->f->maxstacksize) {
+ if (newstack >= MAXSTACK)
+ luaX_syntaxerror(fs->ls, "function or expression too complex");
+ fs->f->maxstacksize = cast_byte(newstack);
+ }
+}
+
+
+void luaK_reserveregs (FuncState *fs, int n) {
+ luaK_checkstack(fs, n);
+ fs->freereg += n;
+}
+
+
+static void freereg (FuncState *fs, int reg) {
+ if (!ISK(reg) && reg >= fs->nactvar) {
+ fs->freereg--;
+ lua_assert(reg == fs->freereg);
+ }
+}
+
+
+static void freeexp (FuncState *fs, expdesc *e) {
+ if (e->k == VNONRELOC)
+ freereg(fs, e->u.s.info);
+}
+
+
+static int addk (FuncState *fs, TValue *k, TValue *v) {
+ lua_State *L = fs->L;
+ TValue *idx = luaH_set(L, fs->h, k);
+ Proto *f = fs->f;
+ int oldsize = f->sizek;
+ if (ttisnumber(idx)) {
+ lua_assert(luaO_rawequalObj(&fs->f->k[cast_int(nvalue(idx))], v));
+ return cast_int(nvalue(idx));
+ }
+ else { /* constant not found; create a new entry */
+ setnvalue(idx, cast_num(fs->nk));
+ luaM_growvector(L, f->k, fs->nk, f->sizek, TValue,
+ MAXARG_Bx, "constant table overflow");
+ while (oldsize < f->sizek) setnilvalue(&f->k[oldsize++]);
+ setobj(L, &f->k[fs->nk], v);
+ luaC_barrier(L, f, v);
+ return fs->nk++;
+ }
+}
+
+
+int luaK_stringK (FuncState *fs, TString *s) {
+ TValue o;
+ setsvalue(fs->L, &o, s);
+ return addk(fs, &o, &o);
+}
+
+
+int luaK_numberK (FuncState *fs, lua_Number r) {
+ TValue o;
+ setnvalue(&o, r);
+ return addk(fs, &o, &o);
+}
+
+
+static int boolK (FuncState *fs, int b) {
+ TValue o;
+ setbvalue(&o, b);
+ return addk(fs, &o, &o);
+}
+
+
+static int nilK (FuncState *fs) {
+ TValue k, v;
+ setnilvalue(&v);
+ /* cannot use nil as key; instead use table itself to represent nil */
+ sethvalue(fs->L, &k, fs->h);
+ return addk(fs, &k, &v);
+}
+
+
+void luaK_setreturns (FuncState *fs, expdesc *e, int nresults) {
+ if (e->k == VCALL) { /* expression is an open function call? */
+ SETARG_C(getcode(fs, e), nresults+1);
+ }
+ else if (e->k == VVARARG) {
+ SETARG_B(getcode(fs, e), nresults+1);
+ SETARG_A(getcode(fs, e), fs->freereg);
+ luaK_reserveregs(fs, 1);
+ }
+}
+
+
+void luaK_setoneret (FuncState *fs, expdesc *e) {
+ if (e->k == VCALL) { /* expression is an open function call? */
+ e->k = VNONRELOC;
+ e->u.s.info = GETARG_A(getcode(fs, e));
+ }
+ else if (e->k == VVARARG) {
+ SETARG_B(getcode(fs, e), 2);
+ e->k = VRELOCABLE; /* can relocate its simple result */
+ }
+}
+
+
+void luaK_dischargevars (FuncState *fs, expdesc *e) {
+ switch (e->k) {
+ case VLOCAL: {
+ e->k = VNONRELOC;
+ break;
+ }
+ case VUPVAL: {
+ e->u.s.info = luaK_codeABC(fs, OP_GETUPVAL, 0, e->u.s.info, 0);
+ e->k = VRELOCABLE;
+ break;
+ }
+ case VGLOBAL: {
+ e->u.s.info = luaK_codeABx(fs, OP_GETGLOBAL, 0, e->u.s.info);
+ e->k = VRELOCABLE;
+ break;
+ }
+ case VINDEXED: {
+ freereg(fs, e->u.s.aux);
+ freereg(fs, e->u.s.info);
+ e->u.s.info = luaK_codeABC(fs, OP_GETTABLE, 0, e->u.s.info, e->u.s.aux);
+ e->k = VRELOCABLE;
+ break;
+ }
+ case VVARARG:
+ case VCALL: {
+ luaK_setoneret(fs, e);
+ break;
+ }
+ default: break; /* there is one value available (somewhere) */
+ }
+}
+
+
+static int code_label (FuncState *fs, int A, int b, int jump) {
+ luaK_getlabel(fs); /* those instructions may be jump targets */
+ return luaK_codeABC(fs, OP_LOADBOOL, A, b, jump);
+}
+
+
+static void discharge2reg (FuncState *fs, expdesc *e, int reg) {
+ luaK_dischargevars(fs, e);
+ switch (e->k) {
+ case VNIL: {
+ luaK_nil(fs, reg, 1);
+ break;
+ }
+ case VFALSE: case VTRUE: {
+ luaK_codeABC(fs, OP_LOADBOOL, reg, e->k == VTRUE, 0);
+ break;
+ }
+ case VK: {
+ luaK_codeABx(fs, OP_LOADK, reg, e->u.s.info);
+ break;
+ }
+ case VKNUM: {
+ luaK_codeABx(fs, OP_LOADK, reg, luaK_numberK(fs, e->u.nval));
+ break;
+ }
+ case VRELOCABLE: {
+ Instruction *pc = &getcode(fs, e);
+ SETARG_A(*pc, reg);
+ break;
+ }
+ case VNONRELOC: {
+ if (reg != e->u.s.info)
+ luaK_codeABC(fs, OP_MOVE, reg, e->u.s.info, 0);
+ break;
+ }
+ default: {
+ lua_assert(e->k == VVOID || e->k == VJMP);
+ return; /* nothing to do... */
+ }
+ }
+ e->u.s.info = reg;
+ e->k = VNONRELOC;
+}
+
+
+static void discharge2anyreg (FuncState *fs, expdesc *e) {
+ if (e->k != VNONRELOC) {
+ luaK_reserveregs(fs, 1);
+ discharge2reg(fs, e, fs->freereg-1);
+ }
+}
+
+
+static void exp2reg (FuncState *fs, expdesc *e, int reg) {
+ discharge2reg(fs, e, reg);
+ if (e->k == VJMP)
+ luaK_concat(fs, &e->t, e->u.s.info); /* put this jump in `t' list */
+ if (hasjumps(e)) {
+ int final; /* position after whole expression */
+ int p_f = NO_JUMP; /* position of an eventual LOAD false */
+ int p_t = NO_JUMP; /* position of an eventual LOAD true */
+ if (need_value(fs, e->t) || need_value(fs, e->f)) {
+ int fj = (e->k == VJMP) ? NO_JUMP : luaK_jump(fs);
+ p_f = code_label(fs, reg, 0, 1);
+ p_t = code_label(fs, reg, 1, 0);
+ luaK_patchtohere(fs, fj);
+ }
+ final = luaK_getlabel(fs);
+ patchlistaux(fs, e->f, final, reg, p_f);
+ patchlistaux(fs, e->t, final, reg, p_t);
+ }
+ e->f = e->t = NO_JUMP;
+ e->u.s.info = reg;
+ e->k = VNONRELOC;
+}
+
+
+void luaK_exp2nextreg (FuncState *fs, expdesc *e) {
+ luaK_dischargevars(fs, e);
+ freeexp(fs, e);
+ luaK_reserveregs(fs, 1);
+ exp2reg(fs, e, fs->freereg - 1);
+}
+
+
+int luaK_exp2anyreg (FuncState *fs, expdesc *e) {
+ luaK_dischargevars(fs, e);
+ if (e->k == VNONRELOC) {
+ if (!hasjumps(e)) return e->u.s.info; /* exp is already in a register */
+ if (e->u.s.info >= fs->nactvar) { /* reg. is not a local? */
+ exp2reg(fs, e, e->u.s.info); /* put value on it */
+ return e->u.s.info;
+ }
+ }
+ luaK_exp2nextreg(fs, e); /* default */
+ return e->u.s.info;
+}
+
+
+void luaK_exp2val (FuncState *fs, expdesc *e) {
+ if (hasjumps(e))
+ luaK_exp2anyreg(fs, e);
+ else
+ luaK_dischargevars(fs, e);
+}
+
+
+int luaK_exp2RK (FuncState *fs, expdesc *e) {
+ luaK_exp2val(fs, e);
+ switch (e->k) {
+ case VKNUM:
+ case VTRUE:
+ case VFALSE:
+ case VNIL: {
+ if (fs->nk <= MAXINDEXRK) { /* constant fit in RK operand? */
+ e->u.s.info = (e->k == VNIL) ? nilK(fs) :
+ (e->k == VKNUM) ? luaK_numberK(fs, e->u.nval) :
+ boolK(fs, (e->k == VTRUE));
+ e->k = VK;
+ return RKASK(e->u.s.info);
+ }
+ else break;
+ }
+ case VK: {
+ if (e->u.s.info <= MAXINDEXRK) /* constant fit in argC? */
+ return RKASK(e->u.s.info);
+ else break;
+ }
+ default: break;
+ }
+ /* not a constant in the right range: put it in a register */
+ return luaK_exp2anyreg(fs, e);
+}
+
+
+void luaK_storevar (FuncState *fs, expdesc *var, expdesc *ex) {
+ switch (var->k) {
+ case VLOCAL: {
+ freeexp(fs, ex);
+ exp2reg(fs, ex, var->u.s.info);
+ return;
+ }
+ case VUPVAL: {
+ int e = luaK_exp2anyreg(fs, ex);
+ luaK_codeABC(fs, OP_SETUPVAL, e, var->u.s.info, 0);
+ break;
+ }
+ case VGLOBAL: {
+ int e = luaK_exp2anyreg(fs, ex);
+ luaK_codeABx(fs, OP_SETGLOBAL, e, var->u.s.info);
+ break;
+ }
+ case VINDEXED: {
+ int e = luaK_exp2RK(fs, ex);
+ luaK_codeABC(fs, OP_SETTABLE, var->u.s.info, var->u.s.aux, e);
+ break;
+ }
+ default: {
+ lua_assert(0); /* invalid var kind to store */
+ break;
+ }
+ }
+ freeexp(fs, ex);
+}
+
+
+void luaK_self (FuncState *fs, expdesc *e, expdesc *key) {
+ int func;
+ luaK_exp2anyreg(fs, e);
+ freeexp(fs, e);
+ func = fs->freereg;
+ luaK_reserveregs(fs, 2);
+ luaK_codeABC(fs, OP_SELF, func, e->u.s.info, luaK_exp2RK(fs, key));
+ freeexp(fs, key);
+ e->u.s.info = func;
+ e->k = VNONRELOC;
+}
+
+
+static void invertjump (FuncState *fs, expdesc *e) {
+ Instruction *pc = getjumpcontrol(fs, e->u.s.info);
+ lua_assert(testTMode(GET_OPCODE(*pc)) && GET_OPCODE(*pc) != OP_TESTSET &&
+ GET_OPCODE(*pc) != OP_TEST);
+ SETARG_A(*pc, !(GETARG_A(*pc)));
+}
+
+
+static int jumponcond (FuncState *fs, expdesc *e, int cond) {
+ if (e->k == VRELOCABLE) {
+ Instruction ie = getcode(fs, e);
+ if (GET_OPCODE(ie) == OP_NOT) {
+ fs->pc--; /* remove previous OP_NOT */
+ return condjump(fs, OP_TEST, GETARG_B(ie), 0, !cond);
+ }
+ /* else go through */
+ }
+ discharge2anyreg(fs, e);
+ freeexp(fs, e);
+ return condjump(fs, OP_TESTSET, NO_REG, e->u.s.info, cond);
+}
+
+
+void luaK_goiftrue (FuncState *fs, expdesc *e) {
+ int pc; /* pc of last jump */
+ luaK_dischargevars(fs, e);
+ switch (e->k) {
+ case VK: case VKNUM: case VTRUE: {
+ pc = NO_JUMP; /* always true; do nothing */
+ break;
+ }
+ case VJMP: {
+ invertjump(fs, e);
+ pc = e->u.s.info;
+ break;
+ }
+ default: {
+ pc = jumponcond(fs, e, 0);
+ break;
+ }
+ }
+ luaK_concat(fs, &e->f, pc); /* insert last jump in `f' list */
+ luaK_patchtohere(fs, e->t);
+ e->t = NO_JUMP;
+}
+
+
+static void luaK_goiffalse (FuncState *fs, expdesc *e) {
+ int pc; /* pc of last jump */
+ luaK_dischargevars(fs, e);
+ switch (e->k) {
+ case VNIL: case VFALSE: {
+ pc = NO_JUMP; /* always false; do nothing */
+ break;
+ }
+ case VJMP: {
+ pc = e->u.s.info;
+ break;
+ }
+ default: {
+ pc = jumponcond(fs, e, 1);
+ break;
+ }
+ }
+ luaK_concat(fs, &e->t, pc); /* insert last jump in `t' list */
+ luaK_patchtohere(fs, e->f);
+ e->f = NO_JUMP;
+}
+
+
+static void codenot (FuncState *fs, expdesc *e) {
+ luaK_dischargevars(fs, e);
+ switch (e->k) {
+ case VNIL: case VFALSE: {
+ e->k = VTRUE;
+ break;
+ }
+ case VK: case VKNUM: case VTRUE: {
+ e->k = VFALSE;
+ break;
+ }
+ case VJMP: {
+ invertjump(fs, e);
+ break;
+ }
+ case VRELOCABLE:
+ case VNONRELOC: {
+ discharge2anyreg(fs, e);
+ freeexp(fs, e);
+ e->u.s.info = luaK_codeABC(fs, OP_NOT, 0, e->u.s.info, 0);
+ e->k = VRELOCABLE;
+ break;
+ }
+ default: {
+ lua_assert(0); /* cannot happen */
+ break;
+ }
+ }
+ /* interchange true and false lists */
+ { int temp = e->f; e->f = e->t; e->t = temp; }
+ removevalues(fs, e->f);
+ removevalues(fs, e->t);
+}
+
+
+void luaK_indexed (FuncState *fs, expdesc *t, expdesc *k) {
+ t->u.s.aux = luaK_exp2RK(fs, k);
+ t->k = VINDEXED;
+}
+
+
+static int constfolding (OpCode op, expdesc *e1, expdesc *e2) {
+ lua_Number v1, v2, r;
+ if (!isnumeral(e1) || !isnumeral(e2)) return 0;
+ v1 = e1->u.nval;
+ v2 = e2->u.nval;
+ switch (op) {
+ case OP_ADD: r = luai_numadd(v1, v2); break;
+ case OP_SUB: r = luai_numsub(v1, v2); break;
+ case OP_MUL: r = luai_nummul(v1, v2); break;
+ case OP_DIV:
+ if (v2 == 0) return 0; /* do not attempt to divide by 0 */
+ r = luai_numdiv(v1, v2); break;
+ case OP_MOD:
+ if (v2 == 0) return 0; /* do not attempt to divide by 0 */
+ r = luai_nummod(v1, v2); break;
+ case OP_POW: r = luai_numpow(v1, v2); break;
+ case OP_UNM: r = luai_numunm(v1); break;
+ case OP_LEN: return 0; /* no constant folding for 'len' */
+ default: lua_assert(0); r = 0; break;
+ }
+ if (luai_numisnan(r)) return 0; /* do not attempt to produce NaN */
+ e1->u.nval = r;
+ return 1;
+}
+
+
+static void codearith (FuncState *fs, OpCode op, expdesc *e1, expdesc *e2) {
+ if (constfolding(op, e1, e2))
+ return;
+ else {
+ int o2 = (op != OP_UNM && op != OP_LEN) ? luaK_exp2RK(fs, e2) : 0;
+ int o1 = luaK_exp2RK(fs, e1);
+ if (o1 > o2) {
+ freeexp(fs, e1);
+ freeexp(fs, e2);
+ }
+ else {
+ freeexp(fs, e2);
+ freeexp(fs, e1);
+ }
+ e1->u.s.info = luaK_codeABC(fs, op, 0, o1, o2);
+ e1->k = VRELOCABLE;
+ }
+}
+
+
+static void codecomp (FuncState *fs, OpCode op, int cond, expdesc *e1,
+ expdesc *e2) {
+ int o1 = luaK_exp2RK(fs, e1);
+ int o2 = luaK_exp2RK(fs, e2);
+ freeexp(fs, e2);
+ freeexp(fs, e1);
+ if (cond == 0 && op != OP_EQ) {
+ int temp; /* exchange args to replace by `<' or `<=' */
+ temp = o1; o1 = o2; o2 = temp; /* o1 <==> o2 */
+ cond = 1;
+ }
+ e1->u.s.info = condjump(fs, op, cond, o1, o2);
+ e1->k = VJMP;
+}
+
+
+void luaK_prefix (FuncState *fs, UnOpr op, expdesc *e) {
+ expdesc e2;
+ e2.t = e2.f = NO_JUMP; e2.k = VKNUM; e2.u.nval = 0;
+ switch (op) {
+ case OPR_MINUS: {
+ if (!isnumeral(e))
+ luaK_exp2anyreg(fs, e); /* cannot operate on non-numeric constants */
+ codearith(fs, OP_UNM, e, &e2);
+ break;
+ }
+ case OPR_NOT: codenot(fs, e); break;
+ case OPR_LEN: {
+ luaK_exp2anyreg(fs, e); /* cannot operate on constants */
+ codearith(fs, OP_LEN, e, &e2);
+ break;
+ }
+ default: lua_assert(0);
+ }
+}
+
+
+void luaK_infix (FuncState *fs, BinOpr op, expdesc *v) {
+ switch (op) {
+ case OPR_AND: {
+ luaK_goiftrue(fs, v);
+ break;
+ }
+ case OPR_OR: {
+ luaK_goiffalse(fs, v);
+ break;
+ }
+ case OPR_CONCAT: {
+ luaK_exp2nextreg(fs, v); /* operand must be on the `stack' */
+ break;
+ }
+ case OPR_ADD: case OPR_SUB: case OPR_MUL: case OPR_DIV:
+ case OPR_MOD: case OPR_POW: {
+ if (!isnumeral(v)) luaK_exp2RK(fs, v);
+ break;
+ }
+ default: {
+ luaK_exp2RK(fs, v);
+ break;
+ }
+ }
+}
+
+
+void luaK_posfix (FuncState *fs, BinOpr op, expdesc *e1, expdesc *e2) {
+ switch (op) {
+ case OPR_AND: {
+ lua_assert(e1->t == NO_JUMP); /* list must be closed */
+ luaK_dischargevars(fs, e2);
+ luaK_concat(fs, &e2->f, e1->f);
+ *e1 = *e2;
+ break;
+ }
+ case OPR_OR: {
+ lua_assert(e1->f == NO_JUMP); /* list must be closed */
+ luaK_dischargevars(fs, e2);
+ luaK_concat(fs, &e2->t, e1->t);
+ *e1 = *e2;
+ break;
+ }
+ case OPR_CONCAT: {
+ luaK_exp2val(fs, e2);
+ if (e2->k == VRELOCABLE && GET_OPCODE(getcode(fs, e2)) == OP_CONCAT) {
+ lua_assert(e1->u.s.info == GETARG_B(getcode(fs, e2))-1);
+ freeexp(fs, e1);
+ SETARG_B(getcode(fs, e2), e1->u.s.info);
+ e1->k = VRELOCABLE; e1->u.s.info = e2->u.s.info;
+ }
+ else {
+ luaK_exp2nextreg(fs, e2); /* operand must be on the 'stack' */
+ codearith(fs, OP_CONCAT, e1, e2);
+ }
+ break;
+ }
+ case OPR_ADD: codearith(fs, OP_ADD, e1, e2); break;
+ case OPR_SUB: codearith(fs, OP_SUB, e1, e2); break;
+ case OPR_MUL: codearith(fs, OP_MUL, e1, e2); break;
+ case OPR_DIV: codearith(fs, OP_DIV, e1, e2); break;
+ case OPR_MOD: codearith(fs, OP_MOD, e1, e2); break;
+ case OPR_POW: codearith(fs, OP_POW, e1, e2); break;
+ case OPR_EQ: codecomp(fs, OP_EQ, 1, e1, e2); break;
+ case OPR_NE: codecomp(fs, OP_EQ, 0, e1, e2); break;
+ case OPR_LT: codecomp(fs, OP_LT, 1, e1, e2); break;
+ case OPR_LE: codecomp(fs, OP_LE, 1, e1, e2); break;
+ case OPR_GT: codecomp(fs, OP_LT, 0, e1, e2); break;
+ case OPR_GE: codecomp(fs, OP_LE, 0, e1, e2); break;
+ default: lua_assert(0);
+ }
+}
+
+
+void luaK_fixline (FuncState *fs, int line) {
+ fs->f->lineinfo[fs->pc - 1] = line;
+}
+
+
+static int luaK_code (FuncState *fs, Instruction i, int line) {
+ Proto *f = fs->f;
+ dischargejpc(fs); /* `pc' will change */
+ /* put new instruction in code array */
+ luaM_growvector(fs->L, f->code, fs->pc, f->sizecode, Instruction,
+ MAX_INT, "code size overflow");
+ f->code[fs->pc] = i;
+ /* save corresponding line information */
+ luaM_growvector(fs->L, f->lineinfo, fs->pc, f->sizelineinfo, int,
+ MAX_INT, "code size overflow");
+ f->lineinfo[fs->pc] = line;
+ return fs->pc++;
+}
+
+
+int luaK_codeABC (FuncState *fs, OpCode o, int a, int b, int c) {
+ lua_assert(getOpMode(o) == iABC);
+ lua_assert(getBMode(o) != OpArgN || b == 0);
+ lua_assert(getCMode(o) != OpArgN || c == 0);
+ return luaK_code(fs, CREATE_ABC(o, a, b, c), fs->ls->lastline);
+}
+
+
+int luaK_codeABx (FuncState *fs, OpCode o, int a, unsigned int bc) {
+ lua_assert(getOpMode(o) == iABx || getOpMode(o) == iAsBx);
+ lua_assert(getCMode(o) == OpArgN);
+ return luaK_code(fs, CREATE_ABx(o, a, bc), fs->ls->lastline);
+}
+
+
+void luaK_setlist (FuncState *fs, int base, int nelems, int tostore) {
+ int c = (nelems - 1)/LFIELDS_PER_FLUSH + 1;
+ int b = (tostore == LUA_MULTRET) ? 0 : tostore;
+ lua_assert(tostore != 0);
+ if (c <= MAXARG_C)
+ luaK_codeABC(fs, OP_SETLIST, base, b, c);
+ else {
+ luaK_codeABC(fs, OP_SETLIST, base, b, 0);
+ luaK_code(fs, cast(Instruction, c), fs->ls->lastline);
+ }
+ fs->freereg = base + 1; /* free registers with list values */
+}
+
--- /dev/null
+/*
+** $Id: lcode.h,v 1.48.1.1 2007/12/27 13:02:25 roberto Exp $
+** Code generator for Lua
+** See Copyright Notice in lua.h
+*/
+
+#ifndef lcode_h
+#define lcode_h
+
+#include "llex.h"
+#include "lobject.h"
+#include "lopcodes.h"
+#include "lparser.h"
+
+
+/*
+** Marks the end of a patch list. It is an invalid value both as an absolute
+** address, and as a list link (would link an element to itself).
+*/
+#define NO_JUMP (-1)
+
+
+/*
+** grep "ORDER OPR" if you change these enums
+*/
+typedef enum BinOpr {
+ OPR_ADD, OPR_SUB, OPR_MUL, OPR_DIV, OPR_MOD, OPR_POW,
+ OPR_CONCAT,
+ OPR_NE, OPR_EQ,
+ OPR_LT, OPR_LE, OPR_GT, OPR_GE,
+ OPR_AND, OPR_OR,
+ OPR_NOBINOPR
+} BinOpr;
+
+
+typedef enum UnOpr { OPR_MINUS, OPR_NOT, OPR_LEN, OPR_NOUNOPR } UnOpr;
+
+
+#define getcode(fs,e) ((fs)->f->code[(e)->u.s.info])
+
+#define luaK_codeAsBx(fs,o,A,sBx) luaK_codeABx(fs,o,A,(sBx)+MAXARG_sBx)
+
+#define luaK_setmultret(fs,e) luaK_setreturns(fs, e, LUA_MULTRET)
+
+LUAI_FUNC int luaK_codeABx (FuncState *fs, OpCode o, int A, unsigned int Bx);
+LUAI_FUNC int luaK_codeABC (FuncState *fs, OpCode o, int A, int B, int C);
+LUAI_FUNC void luaK_fixline (FuncState *fs, int line);
+LUAI_FUNC void luaK_nil (FuncState *fs, int from, int n);
+LUAI_FUNC void luaK_reserveregs (FuncState *fs, int n);
+LUAI_FUNC void luaK_checkstack (FuncState *fs, int n);
+LUAI_FUNC int luaK_stringK (FuncState *fs, TString *s);
+LUAI_FUNC int luaK_numberK (FuncState *fs, lua_Number r);
+LUAI_FUNC void luaK_dischargevars (FuncState *fs, expdesc *e);
+LUAI_FUNC int luaK_exp2anyreg (FuncState *fs, expdesc *e);
+LUAI_FUNC void luaK_exp2nextreg (FuncState *fs, expdesc *e);
+LUAI_FUNC void luaK_exp2val (FuncState *fs, expdesc *e);
+LUAI_FUNC int luaK_exp2RK (FuncState *fs, expdesc *e);
+LUAI_FUNC void luaK_self (FuncState *fs, expdesc *e, expdesc *key);
+LUAI_FUNC void luaK_indexed (FuncState *fs, expdesc *t, expdesc *k);
+LUAI_FUNC void luaK_goiftrue (FuncState *fs, expdesc *e);
+LUAI_FUNC void luaK_storevar (FuncState *fs, expdesc *var, expdesc *e);
+LUAI_FUNC void luaK_setreturns (FuncState *fs, expdesc *e, int nresults);
+LUAI_FUNC void luaK_setoneret (FuncState *fs, expdesc *e);
+LUAI_FUNC int luaK_jump (FuncState *fs);
+LUAI_FUNC void luaK_ret (FuncState *fs, int first, int nret);
+LUAI_FUNC void luaK_patchlist (FuncState *fs, int list, int target);
+LUAI_FUNC void luaK_patchtohere (FuncState *fs, int list);
+LUAI_FUNC void luaK_concat (FuncState *fs, int *l1, int l2);
+LUAI_FUNC int luaK_getlabel (FuncState *fs);
+LUAI_FUNC void luaK_prefix (FuncState *fs, UnOpr op, expdesc *v);
+LUAI_FUNC void luaK_infix (FuncState *fs, BinOpr op, expdesc *v);
+LUAI_FUNC void luaK_posfix (FuncState *fs, BinOpr op, expdesc *v1, expdesc *v2);
+LUAI_FUNC void luaK_setlist (FuncState *fs, int base, int nelems, int tostore);
+
+
+#endif
--- /dev/null
+/*
+** $Id: ldblib.c,v 1.104.1.4 2009/08/04 18:50:18 roberto Exp $
+** Interface from Lua to its debug API
+** See Copyright Notice in lua.h
+*/
+
+
+#include <stdio.h>
+#include <stdlib.h>
+#include <string.h>
+
+#define ldblib_c
+#define LUA_LIB
+
+#include "lua.h"
+
+#include "lauxlib.h"
+#include "lualib.h"
+
+
+
+static int db_getregistry (lua_State *L) {
+ lua_pushvalue(L, LUA_REGISTRYINDEX);
+ return 1;
+}
+
+
+static int db_getmetatable (lua_State *L) {
+ luaL_checkany(L, 1);
+ if (!lua_getmetatable(L, 1)) {
+ lua_pushnil(L); /* no metatable */
+ }
+ return 1;
+}
+
+
+static int db_setmetatable (lua_State *L) {
+ int t = lua_type(L, 2);
+ luaL_argcheck(L, t == LUA_TNIL || t == LUA_TTABLE, 2,
+ "nil or table expected");
+ lua_settop(L, 2);
+ lua_pushboolean(L, lua_setmetatable(L, 1));
+ return 1;
+}
+
+
+static int db_getfenv (lua_State *L) {
+ luaL_checkany(L, 1);
+ lua_getfenv(L, 1);
+ return 1;
+}
+
+
+static int db_setfenv (lua_State *L) {
+ luaL_checktype(L, 2, LUA_TTABLE);
+ lua_settop(L, 2);
+ if (lua_setfenv(L, 1) == 0)
+ luaL_error(L, LUA_QL("setfenv")
+ " cannot change environment of given object");
+ return 1;
+}
+
+
+static void settabss (lua_State *L, const char *i, const char *v) {
+ lua_pushstring(L, v);
+ lua_setfield(L, -2, i);
+}
+
+
+static void settabsi (lua_State *L, const char *i, int v) {
+ lua_pushinteger(L, v);
+ lua_setfield(L, -2, i);
+}
+
+
+static lua_State *getthread (lua_State *L, int *arg) {
+ if (lua_isthread(L, 1)) {
+ *arg = 1;
+ return lua_tothread(L, 1);
+ }
+ else {
+ *arg = 0;
+ return L;
+ }
+}
+
+
+static void treatstackoption (lua_State *L, lua_State *L1, const char *fname) {
+ if (L == L1) {
+ lua_pushvalue(L, -2);
+ lua_remove(L, -3);
+ }
+ else
+ lua_xmove(L1, L, 1);
+ lua_setfield(L, -2, fname);
+}
+
+
+static int db_getinfo (lua_State *L) {
+ lua_Debug ar;
+ int arg;
+ lua_State *L1 = getthread(L, &arg);
+ const char *options = luaL_optstring(L, arg+2, "flnSu");
+ if (lua_isnumber(L, arg+1)) {
+ if (!lua_getstack(L1, (int)lua_tointeger(L, arg+1), &ar)) {
+ lua_pushnil(L); /* level out of range */
+ return 1;
+ }
+ }
+ else if (lua_isfunction(L, arg+1)) {
+ lua_pushfstring(L, ">%s", options);
+ options = lua_tostring(L, -1);
+ lua_pushvalue(L, arg+1);
+ lua_xmove(L, L1, 1);
+ }
+ else
+ return luaL_argerror(L, arg+1, "function or level expected");
+ if (!lua_getinfo(L1, options, &ar))
+ return luaL_argerror(L, arg+2, "invalid option");
+ lua_createtable(L, 0, 2);
+ if (strchr(options, 'S')) {
+ settabss(L, "source", ar.source);
+ settabss(L, "short_src", ar.short_src);
+ settabsi(L, "linedefined", ar.linedefined);
+ settabsi(L, "lastlinedefined", ar.lastlinedefined);
+ settabss(L, "what", ar.what);
+ }
+ if (strchr(options, 'l'))
+ settabsi(L, "currentline", ar.currentline);
+ if (strchr(options, 'u'))
+ settabsi(L, "nups", ar.nups);
+ if (strchr(options, 'n')) {
+ settabss(L, "name", ar.name);
+ settabss(L, "namewhat", ar.namewhat);
+ }
+ if (strchr(options, 'L'))
+ treatstackoption(L, L1, "activelines");
+ if (strchr(options, 'f'))
+ treatstackoption(L, L1, "func");
+ return 1; /* return table */
+}
+
+
+static int db_getlocal (lua_State *L) {
+ int arg;
+ lua_State *L1 = getthread(L, &arg);
+ lua_Debug ar;
+ const char *name;
+ if (!lua_getstack(L1, luaL_checkint(L, arg+1), &ar)) /* out of range? */
+ return luaL_argerror(L, arg+1, "level out of range");
+ name = lua_getlocal(L1, &ar, luaL_checkint(L, arg+2));
+ if (name) {
+ lua_xmove(L1, L, 1);
+ lua_pushstring(L, name);
+ lua_pushvalue(L, -2);
+ return 2;
+ }
+ else {
+ lua_pushnil(L);
+ return 1;
+ }
+}
+
+
+static int db_setlocal (lua_State *L) {
+ int arg;
+ lua_State *L1 = getthread(L, &arg);
+ lua_Debug ar;
+ if (!lua_getstack(L1, luaL_checkint(L, arg+1), &ar)) /* out of range? */
+ return luaL_argerror(L, arg+1, "level out of range");
+ luaL_checkany(L, arg+3);
+ lua_settop(L, arg+3);
+ lua_xmove(L, L1, 1);
+ lua_pushstring(L, lua_setlocal(L1, &ar, luaL_checkint(L, arg+2)));
+ return 1;
+}
+
+
+static int auxupvalue (lua_State *L, int get) {
+ const char *name;
+ int n = luaL_checkint(L, 2);
+ luaL_checktype(L, 1, LUA_TFUNCTION);
+ if (lua_iscfunction(L, 1)) return 0; /* cannot touch C upvalues from Lua */
+ name = get ? lua_getupvalue(L, 1, n) : lua_setupvalue(L, 1, n);
+ if (name == NULL) return 0;
+ lua_pushstring(L, name);
+ lua_insert(L, -(get+1));
+ return get + 1;
+}
+
+
+static int db_getupvalue (lua_State *L) {
+ return auxupvalue(L, 1);
+}
+
+
+static int db_setupvalue (lua_State *L) {
+ luaL_checkany(L, 3);
+ return auxupvalue(L, 0);
+}
+
+
+
+static const char KEY_HOOK = 'h';
+
+
+static void hookf (lua_State *L, lua_Debug *ar) {
+ static const char *const hooknames[] =
+ {"call", "return", "line", "count", "tail return"};
+ lua_pushlightuserdata(L, (void *)&KEY_HOOK);
+ lua_rawget(L, LUA_REGISTRYINDEX);
+ lua_pushlightuserdata(L, L);
+ lua_rawget(L, -2);
+ if (lua_isfunction(L, -1)) {
+ lua_pushstring(L, hooknames[(int)ar->event]);
+ if (ar->currentline >= 0)
+ lua_pushinteger(L, ar->currentline);
+ else lua_pushnil(L);
+ lua_assert(lua_getinfo(L, "lS", ar));
+ lua_call(L, 2, 0);
+ }
+}
+
+
+static int makemask (const char *smask, int count) {
+ int mask = 0;
+ if (strchr(smask, 'c')) mask |= LUA_MASKCALL;
+ if (strchr(smask, 'r')) mask |= LUA_MASKRET;
+ if (strchr(smask, 'l')) mask |= LUA_MASKLINE;
+ if (count > 0) mask |= LUA_MASKCOUNT;
+ return mask;
+}
+
+
+static char *unmakemask (int mask, char *smask) {
+ int i = 0;
+ if (mask & LUA_MASKCALL) smask[i++] = 'c';
+ if (mask & LUA_MASKRET) smask[i++] = 'r';
+ if (mask & LUA_MASKLINE) smask[i++] = 'l';
+ smask[i] = '\0';
+ return smask;
+}
+
+
+static void gethooktable (lua_State *L) {
+ lua_pushlightuserdata(L, (void *)&KEY_HOOK);
+ lua_rawget(L, LUA_REGISTRYINDEX);
+ if (!lua_istable(L, -1)) {
+ lua_pop(L, 1);
+ lua_createtable(L, 0, 1);
+ lua_pushlightuserdata(L, (void *)&KEY_HOOK);
+ lua_pushvalue(L, -2);
+ lua_rawset(L, LUA_REGISTRYINDEX);
+ }
+}
+
+
+static int db_sethook (lua_State *L) {
+ int arg, mask, count;
+ lua_Hook func;
+ lua_State *L1 = getthread(L, &arg);
+ if (lua_isnoneornil(L, arg+1)) {
+ lua_settop(L, arg+1);
+ func = NULL; mask = 0; count = 0; /* turn off hooks */
+ }
+ else {
+ const char *smask = luaL_checkstring(L, arg+2);
+ luaL_checktype(L, arg+1, LUA_TFUNCTION);
+ count = luaL_optint(L, arg+3, 0);
+ func = hookf; mask = makemask(smask, count);
+ }
+ gethooktable(L);
+ lua_pushlightuserdata(L, L1);
+ lua_pushvalue(L, arg+1);
+ lua_rawset(L, -3); /* set new hook */
+ lua_pop(L, 1); /* remove hook table */
+ lua_sethook(L1, func, mask, count); /* set hooks */
+ return 0;
+}
+
+
+static int db_gethook (lua_State *L) {
+ int arg;
+ lua_State *L1 = getthread(L, &arg);
+ char buff[5];
+ int mask = lua_gethookmask(L1);
+ lua_Hook hook = lua_gethook(L1);
+ if (hook != NULL && hook != hookf) /* external hook? */
+ lua_pushliteral(L, "external hook");
+ else {
+ gethooktable(L);
+ lua_pushlightuserdata(L, L1);
+ lua_rawget(L, -2); /* get hook */
+ lua_remove(L, -2); /* remove hook table */
+ }
+ lua_pushstring(L, unmakemask(mask, buff));
+ lua_pushinteger(L, lua_gethookcount(L1));
+ return 3;
+}
+
+
+static int db_debug (lua_State *L) {
+ for (;;) {
+ char buffer[250];
+ fputs("lua_debug> ", stderr);
+ if (fgets(buffer, sizeof(buffer), stdin) == 0 ||
+ strcmp(buffer, "cont\n") == 0)
+ return 0;
+ if (luaL_loadbuffer(L, buffer, strlen(buffer), "=(debug command)") ||
+ lua_pcall(L, 0, 0, 0)) {
+ fputs(lua_tostring(L, -1), stderr);
+ fputs("\n", stderr);
+ }
+ lua_settop(L, 0); /* remove eventual returns */
+ }
+}
+
+
+#define LEVELS1 12 /* size of the first part of the stack */
+#define LEVELS2 10 /* size of the second part of the stack */
+
+static int db_errorfb (lua_State *L) {
+ int level;
+ int firstpart = 1; /* still before eventual `...' */
+ int arg;
+ lua_State *L1 = getthread(L, &arg);
+ lua_Debug ar;
+ if (lua_isnumber(L, arg+2)) {
+ level = (int)lua_tointeger(L, arg+2);
+ lua_pop(L, 1);
+ }
+ else
+ level = (L == L1) ? 1 : 0; /* level 0 may be this own function */
+ if (lua_gettop(L) == arg)
+ lua_pushliteral(L, "");
+ else if (!lua_isstring(L, arg+1)) return 1; /* message is not a string */
+ else lua_pushliteral(L, "\n");
+ lua_pushliteral(L, "stack traceback:");
+ while (lua_getstack(L1, level++, &ar)) {
+ if (level > LEVELS1 && firstpart) {
+ /* no more than `LEVELS2' more levels? */
+ if (!lua_getstack(L1, level+LEVELS2, &ar))
+ level--; /* keep going */
+ else {
+ lua_pushliteral(L, "\n\t..."); /* too many levels */
+ while (lua_getstack(L1, level+LEVELS2, &ar)) /* find last levels */
+ level++;
+ }
+ firstpart = 0;
+ continue;
+ }
+ lua_pushliteral(L, "\n\t");
+ lua_getinfo(L1, "Snl", &ar);
+ lua_pushfstring(L, "%s:", ar.short_src);
+ if (ar.currentline > 0)
+ lua_pushfstring(L, "%d:", ar.currentline);
+ if (*ar.namewhat != '\0') /* is there a name? */
+ lua_pushfstring(L, " in function " LUA_QS, ar.name);
+ else {
+ if (*ar.what == 'm') /* main? */
+ lua_pushfstring(L, " in main chunk");
+ else if (*ar.what == 'C' || *ar.what == 't')
+ lua_pushliteral(L, " ?"); /* C function or tail call */
+ else
+ lua_pushfstring(L, " in function <%s:%d>",
+ ar.short_src, ar.linedefined);
+ }
+ lua_concat(L, lua_gettop(L) - arg);
+ }
+ lua_concat(L, lua_gettop(L) - arg);
+ return 1;
+}
+
+
+static const luaL_Reg dblib[] = {
+ {"debug", db_debug},
+ {"getfenv", db_getfenv},
+ {"gethook", db_gethook},
+ {"getinfo", db_getinfo},
+ {"getlocal", db_getlocal},
+ {"getregistry", db_getregistry},
+ {"getmetatable", db_getmetatable},
+ {"getupvalue", db_getupvalue},
+ {"setfenv", db_setfenv},
+ {"sethook", db_sethook},
+ {"setlocal", db_setlocal},
+ {"setmetatable", db_setmetatable},
+ {"setupvalue", db_setupvalue},
+ {"traceback", db_errorfb},
+ {NULL, NULL}
+};
+
+
+LUALIB_API int luaopen_debug (lua_State *L) {
+ luaL_register(L, LUA_DBLIBNAME, dblib);
+ return 1;
+}
+
--- /dev/null
+/*
+** $Id: ldebug.c,v 2.29.1.6 2008/05/08 16:56:26 roberto Exp $
+** Debug Interface
+** See Copyright Notice in lua.h
+*/
+
+
+#include <stdarg.h>
+#include <stddef.h>
+#include <string.h>
+
+
+#define ldebug_c
+#define LUA_CORE
+
+#include "lua.h"
+
+#include "lapi.h"
+#include "lcode.h"
+#include "ldebug.h"
+#include "ldo.h"
+#include "lfunc.h"
+#include "lobject.h"
+#include "lopcodes.h"
+#include "lstate.h"
+#include "lstring.h"
+#include "ltable.h"
+#include "ltm.h"
+#include "lvm.h"
+
+
+
+static const char *getfuncname (lua_State *L, CallInfo *ci, const char **name);
+
+
+static int currentpc (lua_State *L, CallInfo *ci) {
+ if (!isLua(ci)) return -1; /* function is not a Lua function? */
+ if (ci == L->ci)
+ ci->savedpc = L->savedpc;
+ return pcRel(ci->savedpc, ci_func(ci)->l.p);
+}
+
+
+static int currentline (lua_State *L, CallInfo *ci) {
+ int pc = currentpc(L, ci);
+ if (pc < 0)
+ return -1; /* only active lua functions have current-line information */
+ else
+ return getline_(ci_func(ci)->l.p, pc);
+}
+
+
+/*
+** this function can be called asynchronous (e.g. during a signal)
+*/
+LUA_API int lua_sethook (lua_State *L, lua_Hook func, int mask, int count) {
+ if (func == NULL || mask == 0) { /* turn off hooks? */
+ mask = 0;
+ func = NULL;
+ }
+ L->hook = func;
+ L->basehookcount = count;
+ resethookcount(L);
+ L->hookmask = cast_byte(mask);
+ return 1;
+}
+
+
+LUA_API lua_Hook lua_gethook (lua_State *L) {
+ return L->hook;
+}
+
+
+LUA_API int lua_gethookmask (lua_State *L) {
+ return L->hookmask;
+}
+
+
+LUA_API int lua_gethookcount (lua_State *L) {
+ return L->basehookcount;
+}
+
+
+LUA_API int lua_getstack (lua_State *L, int level, lua_Debug *ar) {
+ int status;
+ CallInfo *ci;
+ lua_lock(L);
+ for (ci = L->ci; level > 0 && ci > L->base_ci; ci--) {
+ level--;
+ if (f_isLua(ci)) /* Lua function? */
+ level -= ci->tailcalls; /* skip lost tail calls */
+ }
+ if (level == 0 && ci > L->base_ci) { /* level found? */
+ status = 1;
+ ar->i_ci = cast_int(ci - L->base_ci);
+ }
+ else if (level < 0) { /* level is of a lost tail call? */
+ status = 1;
+ ar->i_ci = 0;
+ }
+ else status = 0; /* no such level */
+ lua_unlock(L);
+ return status;
+}
+
+
+static Proto *getluaproto (CallInfo *ci) {
+ return (isLua(ci) ? ci_func(ci)->l.p : NULL);
+}
+
+
+static const char *findlocal (lua_State *L, CallInfo *ci, int n) {
+ const char *name;
+ Proto *fp = getluaproto(ci);
+ if (fp && (name = luaF_getlocalname(fp, n, currentpc(L, ci))) != NULL)
+ return name; /* is a local variable in a Lua function */
+ else {
+ StkId limit = (ci == L->ci) ? L->top : (ci+1)->func;
+ if (limit - ci->base >= n && n > 0) /* is 'n' inside 'ci' stack? */
+ return "(*temporary)";
+ else
+ return NULL;
+ }
+}
+
+
+LUA_API const char *lua_getlocal (lua_State *L, const lua_Debug *ar, int n) {
+ CallInfo *ci = L->base_ci + ar->i_ci;
+ const char *name = findlocal(L, ci, n);
+ lua_lock(L);
+ if (name)
+ luaA_pushobject(L, ci->base + (n - 1));
+ lua_unlock(L);
+ return name;
+}
+
+
+LUA_API const char *lua_setlocal (lua_State *L, const lua_Debug *ar, int n) {
+ CallInfo *ci = L->base_ci + ar->i_ci;
+ const char *name = findlocal(L, ci, n);
+ lua_lock(L);
+ if (name)
+ setobjs2s(L, ci->base + (n - 1), L->top - 1);
+ L->top--; /* pop value */
+ lua_unlock(L);
+ return name;
+}
+
+
+static void funcinfo (lua_Debug *ar, Closure *cl) {
+ if (cl->c.isC) {
+ ar->source = "=[C]";
+ ar->linedefined = -1;
+ ar->lastlinedefined = -1;
+ ar->what = "C";
+ }
+ else {
+ ar->source = getstr(cl->l.p->source);
+ ar->linedefined = cl->l.p->linedefined;
+ ar->lastlinedefined = cl->l.p->lastlinedefined;
+ ar->what = (ar->linedefined == 0) ? "main" : "Lua";
+ }
+ luaO_chunkid(ar->short_src, ar->source, LUA_IDSIZE);
+}
+
+
+static void info_tailcall (lua_Debug *ar) {
+ ar->name = ar->namewhat = "";
+ ar->what = "tail";
+ ar->lastlinedefined = ar->linedefined = ar->currentline = -1;
+ ar->source = "=(tail call)";
+ luaO_chunkid(ar->short_src, ar->source, LUA_IDSIZE);
+ ar->nups = 0;
+}
+
+
+static void collectvalidlines (lua_State *L, Closure *f) {
+ if (f == NULL || f->c.isC) {
+ setnilvalue(L->top);
+ }
+ else {
+ Table *t = luaH_new(L, 0, 0);
+ int *lineinfo = f->l.p->lineinfo;
+ int i;
+ for (i=0; i<f->l.p->sizelineinfo; i++)
+ setbvalue(luaH_setnum(L, t, lineinfo[i]), 1);
+ sethvalue(L, L->top, t);
+ }
+ incr_top(L);
+}
+
+
+static int auxgetinfo (lua_State *L, const char *what, lua_Debug *ar,
+ Closure *f, CallInfo *ci) {
+ int status = 1;
+ if (f == NULL) {
+ info_tailcall(ar);
+ return status;
+ }
+ for (; *what; what++) {
+ switch (*what) {
+ case 'S': {
+ funcinfo(ar, f);
+ break;
+ }
+ case 'l': {
+ ar->currentline = (ci) ? currentline(L, ci) : -1;
+ break;
+ }
+ case 'u': {
+ ar->nups = f->c.nupvalues;
+ break;
+ }
+ case 'n': {
+ ar->namewhat = (ci) ? getfuncname(L, ci, &ar->name) : NULL;
+ if (ar->namewhat == NULL) {
+ ar->namewhat = ""; /* not found */
+ ar->name = NULL;
+ }
+ break;
+ }
+ case 'L':
+ case 'f': /* handled by lua_getinfo */
+ break;
+ default: status = 0; /* invalid option */
+ }
+ }
+ return status;
+}
+
+
+LUA_API int lua_getinfo (lua_State *L, const char *what, lua_Debug *ar) {
+ int status;
+ Closure *f = NULL;
+ CallInfo *ci = NULL;
+ lua_lock(L);
+ if (*what == '>') {
+ StkId func = L->top - 1;
+ luai_apicheck(L, ttisfunction(func));
+ what++; /* skip the '>' */
+ f = clvalue(func);
+ L->top--; /* pop function */
+ }
+ else if (ar->i_ci != 0) { /* no tail call? */
+ ci = L->base_ci + ar->i_ci;
+ lua_assert(ttisfunction(ci->func));
+ f = clvalue(ci->func);
+ }
+ status = auxgetinfo(L, what, ar, f, ci);
+ if (strchr(what, 'f')) {
+ if (f == NULL) setnilvalue(L->top);
+ else setclvalue(L, L->top, f);
+ incr_top(L);
+ }
+ if (strchr(what, 'L'))
+ collectvalidlines(L, f);
+ lua_unlock(L);
+ return status;
+}
+
+
+/*
+** {======================================================
+** Symbolic Execution and code checker
+** =======================================================
+*/
+
+#define check(x) if (!(x)) return 0;
+
+#define checkjump(pt,pc) check(0 <= pc && pc < pt->sizecode)
+
+#define checkreg(pt,reg) check((reg) < (pt)->maxstacksize)
+
+
+
+static int precheck (const Proto *pt) {
+ check(pt->maxstacksize <= MAXSTACK);
+ check(pt->numparams+(pt->is_vararg & VARARG_HASARG) <= pt->maxstacksize);
+ check(!(pt->is_vararg & VARARG_NEEDSARG) ||
+ (pt->is_vararg & VARARG_HASARG));
+ check(pt->sizeupvalues <= pt->nups);
+ check(pt->sizelineinfo == pt->sizecode || pt->sizelineinfo == 0);
+ check(pt->sizecode > 0 && GET_OPCODE(pt->code[pt->sizecode-1]) == OP_RETURN);
+ return 1;
+}
+
+
+#define checkopenop(pt,pc) luaG_checkopenop((pt)->code[(pc)+1])
+
+int luaG_checkopenop (Instruction i) {
+ switch (GET_OPCODE(i)) {
+ case OP_CALL:
+ case OP_TAILCALL:
+ case OP_RETURN:
+ case OP_SETLIST: {
+ check(GETARG_B(i) == 0);
+ return 1;
+ }
+ default: return 0; /* invalid instruction after an open call */
+ }
+}
+
+
+static int checkArgMode (const Proto *pt, int r, enum OpArgMask mode) {
+ switch (mode) {
+ case OpArgN: check(r == 0); break;
+ case OpArgU: break;
+ case OpArgR: checkreg(pt, r); break;
+ case OpArgK:
+ check(ISK(r) ? INDEXK(r) < pt->sizek : r < pt->maxstacksize);
+ break;
+ }
+ return 1;
+}
+
+
+static Instruction symbexec (const Proto *pt, int lastpc, int reg) {
+ int pc;
+ int last; /* stores position of last instruction that changed `reg' */
+ last = pt->sizecode-1; /* points to final return (a `neutral' instruction) */
+ check(precheck(pt));
+ for (pc = 0; pc < lastpc; pc++) {
+ Instruction i = pt->code[pc];
+ OpCode op = GET_OPCODE(i);
+ int a = GETARG_A(i);
+ int b = 0;
+ int c = 0;
+ check(op < NUM_OPCODES);
+ checkreg(pt, a);
+ switch (getOpMode(op)) {
+ case iABC: {
+ b = GETARG_B(i);
+ c = GETARG_C(i);
+ check(checkArgMode(pt, b, getBMode(op)));
+ check(checkArgMode(pt, c, getCMode(op)));
+ break;
+ }
+ case iABx: {
+ b = GETARG_Bx(i);
+ if (getBMode(op) == OpArgK) check(b < pt->sizek);
+ break;
+ }
+ case iAsBx: {
+ b = GETARG_sBx(i);
+ if (getBMode(op) == OpArgR) {
+ int dest = pc+1+b;
+ check(0 <= dest && dest < pt->sizecode);
+ if (dest > 0) {
+ int j;
+ /* check that it does not jump to a setlist count; this
+ is tricky, because the count from a previous setlist may
+ have the same value of an invalid setlist; so, we must
+ go all the way back to the first of them (if any) */
+ for (j = 0; j < dest; j++) {
+ Instruction d = pt->code[dest-1-j];
+ if (!(GET_OPCODE(d) == OP_SETLIST && GETARG_C(d) == 0)) break;
+ }
+ /* if 'j' is even, previous value is not a setlist (even if
+ it looks like one) */
+ check((j&1) == 0);
+ }
+ }
+ break;
+ }
+ }
+ if (testAMode(op)) {
+ if (a == reg) last = pc; /* change register `a' */
+ }
+ if (testTMode(op)) {
+ check(pc+2 < pt->sizecode); /* check skip */
+ check(GET_OPCODE(pt->code[pc+1]) == OP_JMP);
+ }
+ switch (op) {
+ case OP_LOADBOOL: {
+ if (c == 1) { /* does it jump? */
+ check(pc+2 < pt->sizecode); /* check its jump */
+ check(GET_OPCODE(pt->code[pc+1]) != OP_SETLIST ||
+ GETARG_C(pt->code[pc+1]) != 0);
+ }
+ break;
+ }
+ case OP_LOADNIL: {
+ if (a <= reg && reg <= b)
+ last = pc; /* set registers from `a' to `b' */
+ break;
+ }
+ case OP_GETUPVAL:
+ case OP_SETUPVAL: {
+ check(b < pt->nups);
+ break;
+ }
+ case OP_GETGLOBAL:
+ case OP_SETGLOBAL: {
+ check(ttisstring(&pt->k[b]));
+ break;
+ }
+ case OP_SELF: {
+ checkreg(pt, a+1);
+ if (reg == a+1) last = pc;
+ break;
+ }
+ case OP_CONCAT: {
+ check(b < c); /* at least two operands */
+ break;
+ }
+ case OP_TFORLOOP: {
+ check(c >= 1); /* at least one result (control variable) */
+ checkreg(pt, a+2+c); /* space for results */
+ if (reg >= a+2) last = pc; /* affect all regs above its base */
+ break;
+ }
+ case OP_FORLOOP:
+ case OP_FORPREP:
+ checkreg(pt, a+3);
+ /* go through */
+ case OP_JMP: {
+ int dest = pc+1+b;
+ /* not full check and jump is forward and do not skip `lastpc'? */
+ if (reg != NO_REG && pc < dest && dest <= lastpc)
+ pc += b; /* do the jump */
+ break;
+ }
+ case OP_CALL:
+ case OP_TAILCALL: {
+ if (b != 0) {
+ checkreg(pt, a+b-1);
+ }
+ c--; /* c = num. returns */
+ if (c == LUA_MULTRET) {
+ check(checkopenop(pt, pc));
+ }
+ else if (c != 0)
+ checkreg(pt, a+c-1);
+ if (reg >= a) last = pc; /* affect all registers above base */
+ break;
+ }
+ case OP_RETURN: {
+ b--; /* b = num. returns */
+ if (b > 0) checkreg(pt, a+b-1);
+ break;
+ }
+ case OP_SETLIST: {
+ if (b > 0) checkreg(pt, a + b);
+ if (c == 0) {
+ pc++;
+ check(pc < pt->sizecode - 1);
+ }
+ break;
+ }
+ case OP_CLOSURE: {
+ int nup, j;
+ check(b < pt->sizep);
+ nup = pt->p[b]->nups;
+ check(pc + nup < pt->sizecode);
+ for (j = 1; j <= nup; j++) {
+ OpCode op1 = GET_OPCODE(pt->code[pc + j]);
+ check(op1 == OP_GETUPVAL || op1 == OP_MOVE);
+ }
+ if (reg != NO_REG) /* tracing? */
+ pc += nup; /* do not 'execute' these pseudo-instructions */
+ break;
+ }
+ case OP_VARARG: {
+ check((pt->is_vararg & VARARG_ISVARARG) &&
+ !(pt->is_vararg & VARARG_NEEDSARG));
+ b--;
+ if (b == LUA_MULTRET) check(checkopenop(pt, pc));
+ checkreg(pt, a+b-1);
+ break;
+ }
+ default: break;
+ }
+ }
+ return pt->code[last];
+}
+
+#undef check
+#undef checkjump
+#undef checkreg
+
+/* }====================================================== */
+
+
+int luaG_checkcode (const Proto *pt) {
+ return (symbexec(pt, pt->sizecode, NO_REG) != 0);
+}
+
+
+static const char *kname (Proto *p, int c) {
+ if (ISK(c) && ttisstring(&p->k[INDEXK(c)]))
+ return svalue(&p->k[INDEXK(c)]);
+ else
+ return "?";
+}
+
+
+static const char *getobjname (lua_State *L, CallInfo *ci, int stackpos,
+ const char **name) {
+ if (isLua(ci)) { /* a Lua function? */
+ Proto *p = ci_func(ci)->l.p;
+ int pc = currentpc(L, ci);
+ Instruction i;
+ *name = luaF_getlocalname(p, stackpos+1, pc);
+ if (*name) /* is a local? */
+ return "local";
+ i = symbexec(p, pc, stackpos); /* try symbolic execution */
+ lua_assert(pc != -1);
+ switch (GET_OPCODE(i)) {
+ case OP_GETGLOBAL: {
+ int g = GETARG_Bx(i); /* global index */
+ lua_assert(ttisstring(&p->k[g]));
+ *name = svalue(&p->k[g]);
+ return "global";
+ }
+ case OP_MOVE: {
+ int a = GETARG_A(i);
+ int b = GETARG_B(i); /* move from `b' to `a' */
+ if (b < a)
+ return getobjname(L, ci, b, name); /* get name for `b' */
+ break;
+ }
+ case OP_GETTABLE: {
+ int k = GETARG_C(i); /* key index */
+ *name = kname(p, k);
+ return "field";
+ }
+ case OP_GETUPVAL: {
+ int u = GETARG_B(i); /* upvalue index */
+ *name = p->upvalues ? getstr(p->upvalues[u]) : "?";
+ return "upvalue";
+ }
+ case OP_SELF: {
+ int k = GETARG_C(i); /* key index */
+ *name = kname(p, k);
+ return "method";
+ }
+ default: break;
+ }
+ }
+ return NULL; /* no useful name found */
+}
+
+
+static const char *getfuncname (lua_State *L, CallInfo *ci, const char **name) {
+ Instruction i;
+ if ((isLua(ci) && ci->tailcalls > 0) || !isLua(ci - 1))
+ return NULL; /* calling function is not Lua (or is unknown) */
+ ci--; /* calling function */
+ i = ci_func(ci)->l.p->code[currentpc(L, ci)];
+ if (GET_OPCODE(i) == OP_CALL || GET_OPCODE(i) == OP_TAILCALL ||
+ GET_OPCODE(i) == OP_TFORLOOP)
+ return getobjname(L, ci, GETARG_A(i), name);
+ else
+ return NULL; /* no useful name can be found */
+}
+
+
+/* only ANSI way to check whether a pointer points to an array */
+static int isinstack (CallInfo *ci, const TValue *o) {
+ StkId p;
+ for (p = ci->base; p < ci->top; p++)
+ if (o == p) return 1;
+ return 0;
+}
+
+
+void luaG_typeerror (lua_State *L, const TValue *o, const char *op) {
+ const char *name = NULL;
+ const char *t = luaT_typenames[ttype(o)];
+ const char *kind = (isinstack(L->ci, o)) ?
+ getobjname(L, L->ci, cast_int(o - L->base), &name) :
+ NULL;
+ if (kind)
+ luaG_runerror(L, "attempt to %s %s " LUA_QS " (a %s value)",
+ op, kind, name, t);
+ else
+ luaG_runerror(L, "attempt to %s a %s value", op, t);
+}
+
+
+void luaG_concaterror (lua_State *L, StkId p1, StkId p2) {
+ if (ttisstring(p1) || ttisnumber(p1)) p1 = p2;
+ lua_assert(!ttisstring(p1) && !ttisnumber(p1));
+ luaG_typeerror(L, p1, "concatenate");
+}
+
+
+void luaG_aritherror (lua_State *L, const TValue *p1, const TValue *p2) {
+ TValue temp;
+ if (luaV_tonumber(p1, &temp) == NULL)
+ p2 = p1; /* first operand is wrong */
+ luaG_typeerror(L, p2, "perform arithmetic on");
+}
+
+
+int luaG_ordererror (lua_State *L, const TValue *p1, const TValue *p2) {
+ const char *t1 = luaT_typenames[ttype(p1)];
+ const char *t2 = luaT_typenames[ttype(p2)];
+ if (t1[2] == t2[2])
+ luaG_runerror(L, "attempt to compare two %s values", t1);
+ else
+ luaG_runerror(L, "attempt to compare %s with %s", t1, t2);
+ return 0;
+}
+
+
+static void addinfo (lua_State *L, const char *msg) {
+ CallInfo *ci = L->ci;
+ if (isLua(ci)) { /* is Lua code? */
+ char buff[LUA_IDSIZE]; /* add file:line information */
+ int line = currentline(L, ci);
+ luaO_chunkid(buff, getstr(getluaproto(ci)->source), LUA_IDSIZE);
+ luaO_pushfstring(L, "%s:%d: %s", buff, line, msg);
+ }
+}
+
+
+void luaG_errormsg (lua_State *L) {
+ if (L->errfunc != 0) { /* is there an error handling function? */
+ StkId errfunc = restorestack(L, L->errfunc);
+ if (!ttisfunction(errfunc)) luaD_throw(L, LUA_ERRERR);
+ setobjs2s(L, L->top, L->top - 1); /* move argument */
+ setobjs2s(L, L->top - 1, errfunc); /* push function */
+ incr_top(L);
+ luaD_call(L, L->top - 2, 1); /* call it */
+ }
+ luaD_throw(L, LUA_ERRRUN);
+}
+
+
+void luaG_runerror (lua_State *L, const char *fmt, ...) {
+ va_list argp;
+ va_start(argp, fmt);
+ addinfo(L, luaO_pushvfstring(L, fmt, argp));
+ va_end(argp);
+ luaG_errormsg(L);
+}
+
--- /dev/null
+/*
+** $Id: ldebug.h,v 2.3.1.1 2007/12/27 13:02:25 roberto Exp $
+** Auxiliary functions from Debug Interface module
+** See Copyright Notice in lua.h
+*/
+
+#ifndef ldebug_h
+#define ldebug_h
+
+
+#include "lstate.h"
+
+
+#define pcRel(pc, p) (cast(int, (pc) - (p)->code) - 1)
+
+#define getline_(f,pc) (((f)->lineinfo) ? (f)->lineinfo[pc] : 0)
+
+#define resethookcount(L) (L->hookcount = L->basehookcount)
+
+
+LUAI_FUNC void luaG_typeerror (lua_State *L, const TValue *o,
+ const char *opname);
+LUAI_FUNC void luaG_concaterror (lua_State *L, StkId p1, StkId p2);
+LUAI_FUNC void luaG_aritherror (lua_State *L, const TValue *p1,
+ const TValue *p2);
+LUAI_FUNC int luaG_ordererror (lua_State *L, const TValue *p1,
+ const TValue *p2);
+LUAI_FUNC void luaG_runerror (lua_State *L, const char *fmt, ...);
+LUAI_FUNC void luaG_errormsg (lua_State *L);
+LUAI_FUNC int luaG_checkcode (const Proto *pt);
+LUAI_FUNC int luaG_checkopenop (Instruction i);
+
+#endif
--- /dev/null
+/*
+** $Id: ldo.c,v 2.38.1.4 2012/01/18 02:27:10 roberto Exp $
+** Stack and Call structure of Lua
+** See Copyright Notice in lua.h
+*/
+
+
+#include <setjmp.h>
+#include <stdlib.h>
+#include <string.h>
+
+#define ldo_c
+#define LUA_CORE
+
+#include "lua.h"
+
+#include "ldebug.h"
+#include "ldo.h"
+#include "lfunc.h"
+#include "lgc.h"
+#include "lmem.h"
+#include "lobject.h"
+#include "lopcodes.h"
+#include "lparser.h"
+#include "lstate.h"
+#include "lstring.h"
+#include "ltable.h"
+#include "ltm.h"
+#include "lundump.h"
+#include "lvm.h"
+#include "lzio.h"
+
+
+
+
+/*
+** {======================================================
+** Error-recovery functions
+** =======================================================
+*/
+
+
+/* chain list of long jump buffers */
+struct lua_longjmp {
+ struct lua_longjmp *previous;
+ luai_jmpbuf b;
+ volatile int status; /* error code */
+};
+
+
+void luaD_seterrorobj (lua_State *L, int errcode, StkId oldtop) {
+ switch (errcode) {
+ case LUA_ERRMEM: {
+ setsvalue2s(L, oldtop, luaS_newliteral(L, MEMERRMSG));
+ break;
+ }
+ case LUA_ERRERR: {
+ setsvalue2s(L, oldtop, luaS_newliteral(L, "error in error handling"));
+ break;
+ }
+ case LUA_ERRSYNTAX:
+ case LUA_ERRRUN: {
+ setobjs2s(L, oldtop, L->top - 1); /* error message on current top */
+ break;
+ }
+ }
+ L->top = oldtop + 1;
+}
+
+
+static void restore_stack_limit (lua_State *L) {
+ lua_assert(L->stack_last - L->stack == L->stacksize - EXTRA_STACK - 1);
+ if (L->size_ci > LUAI_MAXCALLS) { /* there was an overflow? */
+ int inuse = cast_int(L->ci - L->base_ci);
+ if (inuse + 1 < LUAI_MAXCALLS) /* can `undo' overflow? */
+ luaD_reallocCI(L, LUAI_MAXCALLS);
+ }
+}
+
+
+static void resetstack (lua_State *L, int status) {
+ L->ci = L->base_ci;
+ L->base = L->ci->base;
+ luaF_close(L, L->base); /* close eventual pending closures */
+ luaD_seterrorobj(L, status, L->base);
+ L->nCcalls = L->baseCcalls;
+ L->allowhook = 1;
+ restore_stack_limit(L);
+ L->errfunc = 0;
+ L->errorJmp = NULL;
+}
+
+
+void luaD_throw (lua_State *L, int errcode) {
+ if (L->errorJmp) {
+ L->errorJmp->status = errcode;
+ LUAI_THROW(L, L->errorJmp);
+ }
+ else {
+ L->status = cast_byte(errcode);
+ if (G(L)->panic) {
+ resetstack(L, errcode);
+ lua_unlock(L);
+ G(L)->panic(L);
+ }
+ exit(EXIT_FAILURE);
+ }
+}
+
+
+int luaD_rawrunprotected (lua_State *L, Pfunc f, void *ud) {
+ struct lua_longjmp lj;
+ lj.status = 0;
+ lj.previous = L->errorJmp; /* chain new error handler */
+ L->errorJmp = &lj;
+ LUAI_TRY(L, &lj,
+ (*f)(L, ud);
+ );
+ L->errorJmp = lj.previous; /* restore old error handler */
+ return lj.status;
+}
+
+/* }====================================================== */
+
+
+static void correctstack (lua_State *L, TValue *oldstack) {
+ CallInfo *ci;
+ GCObject *up;
+ L->top = (L->top - oldstack) + L->stack;
+ for (up = L->openupval; up != NULL; up = up->gch.next)
+ gco2uv(up)->v = (gco2uv(up)->v - oldstack) + L->stack;
+ for (ci = L->base_ci; ci <= L->ci; ci++) {
+ ci->top = (ci->top - oldstack) + L->stack;
+ ci->base = (ci->base - oldstack) + L->stack;
+ ci->func = (ci->func - oldstack) + L->stack;
+ }
+ L->base = (L->base - oldstack) + L->stack;
+}
+
+
+void luaD_reallocstack (lua_State *L, int newsize) {
+ TValue *oldstack = L->stack;
+ int realsize = newsize + 1 + EXTRA_STACK;
+ lua_assert(L->stack_last - L->stack == L->stacksize - EXTRA_STACK - 1);
+ luaM_reallocvector(L, L->stack, L->stacksize, realsize, TValue);
+ L->stacksize = realsize;
+ L->stack_last = L->stack+newsize;
+ correctstack(L, oldstack);
+}
+
+
+void luaD_reallocCI (lua_State *L, int newsize) {
+ CallInfo *oldci = L->base_ci;
+ luaM_reallocvector(L, L->base_ci, L->size_ci, newsize, CallInfo);
+ L->size_ci = newsize;
+ L->ci = (L->ci - oldci) + L->base_ci;
+ L->end_ci = L->base_ci + L->size_ci - 1;
+}
+
+
+void luaD_growstack (lua_State *L, int n) {
+ if (n <= L->stacksize) /* double size is enough? */
+ luaD_reallocstack(L, 2*L->stacksize);
+ else
+ luaD_reallocstack(L, L->stacksize + n);
+}
+
+
+static CallInfo *growCI (lua_State *L) {
+ if (L->size_ci > LUAI_MAXCALLS) /* overflow while handling overflow? */
+ luaD_throw(L, LUA_ERRERR);
+ else {
+ luaD_reallocCI(L, 2*L->size_ci);
+ if (L->size_ci > LUAI_MAXCALLS)
+ luaG_runerror(L, "stack overflow");
+ }
+ return ++L->ci;
+}
+
+
+void luaD_callhook (lua_State *L, int event, int line) {
+ lua_Hook hook = L->hook;
+ if (hook && L->allowhook) {
+ ptrdiff_t top = savestack(L, L->top);
+ ptrdiff_t ci_top = savestack(L, L->ci->top);
+ lua_Debug ar;
+ ar.event = event;
+ ar.currentline = line;
+ if (event == LUA_HOOKTAILRET)
+ ar.i_ci = 0; /* tail call; no debug information about it */
+ else
+ ar.i_ci = cast_int(L->ci - L->base_ci);
+ luaD_checkstack(L, LUA_MINSTACK); /* ensure minimum stack size */
+ L->ci->top = L->top + LUA_MINSTACK;
+ lua_assert(L->ci->top <= L->stack_last);
+ L->allowhook = 0; /* cannot call hooks inside a hook */
+ lua_unlock(L);
+ (*hook)(L, &ar);
+ lua_lock(L);
+ lua_assert(!L->allowhook);
+ L->allowhook = 1;
+ L->ci->top = restorestack(L, ci_top);
+ L->top = restorestack(L, top);
+ }
+}
+
+
+static StkId adjust_varargs (lua_State *L, Proto *p, int actual) {
+ int i;
+ int nfixargs = p->numparams;
+ Table *htab = NULL;
+ StkId base, fixed;
+ for (; actual < nfixargs; ++actual)
+ setnilvalue(L->top++);
+#if defined(LUA_COMPAT_VARARG)
+ if (p->is_vararg & VARARG_NEEDSARG) { /* compat. with old-style vararg? */
+ int nvar = actual - nfixargs; /* number of extra arguments */
+ lua_assert(p->is_vararg & VARARG_HASARG);
+ luaC_checkGC(L);
+ luaD_checkstack(L, p->maxstacksize);
+ htab = luaH_new(L, nvar, 1); /* create `arg' table */
+ for (i=0; i<nvar; i++) /* put extra arguments into `arg' table */
+ setobj2n(L, luaH_setnum(L, htab, i+1), L->top - nvar + i);
+ /* store counter in field `n' */
+ setnvalue(luaH_setstr(L, htab, luaS_newliteral(L, "n")), cast_num(nvar));
+ }
+#endif
+ /* move fixed parameters to final position */
+ fixed = L->top - actual; /* first fixed argument */
+ base = L->top; /* final position of first argument */
+ for (i=0; i<nfixargs; i++) {
+ setobjs2s(L, L->top++, fixed+i);
+ setnilvalue(fixed+i);
+ }
+ /* add `arg' parameter */
+ if (htab) {
+ sethvalue(L, L->top++, htab);
+ lua_assert(iswhite(obj2gco(htab)));
+ }
+ return base;
+}
+
+
+static StkId tryfuncTM (lua_State *L, StkId func) {
+ const TValue *tm = luaT_gettmbyobj(L, func, TM_CALL);
+ StkId p;
+ ptrdiff_t funcr = savestack(L, func);
+ if (!ttisfunction(tm))
+ luaG_typeerror(L, func, "call");
+ /* Open a hole inside the stack at `func' */
+ for (p = L->top; p > func; p--) setobjs2s(L, p, p-1);
+ incr_top(L);
+ func = restorestack(L, funcr); /* previous call may change stack */
+ setobj2s(L, func, tm); /* tag method is the new function to be called */
+ return func;
+}
+
+
+
+#define inc_ci(L) \
+ ((L->ci == L->end_ci) ? growCI(L) : \
+ (condhardstacktests(luaD_reallocCI(L, L->size_ci)), ++L->ci))
+
+
+int luaD_precall (lua_State *L, StkId func, int nresults) {
+ LClosure *cl;
+ ptrdiff_t funcr;
+ if (!ttisfunction(func)) /* `func' is not a function? */
+ func = tryfuncTM(L, func); /* check the `function' tag method */
+ funcr = savestack(L, func);
+ cl = &clvalue(func)->l;
+ L->ci->savedpc = L->savedpc;
+ if (!cl->isC) { /* Lua function? prepare its call */
+ CallInfo *ci;
+ StkId st, base;
+ Proto *p = cl->p;
+ luaD_checkstack(L, p->maxstacksize);
+ func = restorestack(L, funcr);
+ if (!p->is_vararg) { /* no varargs? */
+ base = func + 1;
+ if (L->top > base + p->numparams)
+ L->top = base + p->numparams;
+ }
+ else { /* vararg function */
+ int nargs = cast_int(L->top - func) - 1;
+ base = adjust_varargs(L, p, nargs);
+ func = restorestack(L, funcr); /* previous call may change the stack */
+ }
+ ci = inc_ci(L); /* now `enter' new function */
+ ci->func = func;
+ L->base = ci->base = base;
+ ci->top = L->base + p->maxstacksize;
+ lua_assert(ci->top <= L->stack_last);
+ L->savedpc = p->code; /* starting point */
+ ci->tailcalls = 0;
+ ci->nresults = nresults;
+ for (st = L->top; st < ci->top; st++)
+ setnilvalue(st);
+ L->top = ci->top;
+ if (L->hookmask & LUA_MASKCALL) {
+ L->savedpc++; /* hooks assume 'pc' is already incremented */
+ luaD_callhook(L, LUA_HOOKCALL, -1);
+ L->savedpc--; /* correct 'pc' */
+ }
+ return PCRLUA;
+ }
+ else { /* if is a C function, call it */
+ CallInfo *ci;
+ int n;
+ luaD_checkstack(L, LUA_MINSTACK); /* ensure minimum stack size */
+ ci = inc_ci(L); /* now `enter' new function */
+ ci->func = restorestack(L, funcr);
+ L->base = ci->base = ci->func + 1;
+ ci->top = L->top + LUA_MINSTACK;
+ lua_assert(ci->top <= L->stack_last);
+ ci->nresults = nresults;
+ if (L->hookmask & LUA_MASKCALL)
+ luaD_callhook(L, LUA_HOOKCALL, -1);
+ lua_unlock(L);
+ n = (*curr_func(L)->c.f)(L); /* do the actual call */
+ lua_lock(L);
+ if (n < 0) /* yielding? */
+ return PCRYIELD;
+ else {
+ luaD_poscall(L, L->top - n);
+ return PCRC;
+ }
+ }
+}
+
+
+static StkId callrethooks (lua_State *L, StkId firstResult) {
+ ptrdiff_t fr = savestack(L, firstResult); /* next call may change stack */
+ luaD_callhook(L, LUA_HOOKRET, -1);
+ if (f_isLua(L->ci)) { /* Lua function? */
+ while ((L->hookmask & LUA_MASKRET) && L->ci->tailcalls--) /* tail calls */
+ luaD_callhook(L, LUA_HOOKTAILRET, -1);
+ }
+ return restorestack(L, fr);
+}
+
+
+int luaD_poscall (lua_State *L, StkId firstResult) {
+ StkId res;
+ int wanted, i;
+ CallInfo *ci;
+ if (L->hookmask & LUA_MASKRET)
+ firstResult = callrethooks(L, firstResult);
+ ci = L->ci--;
+ res = ci->func; /* res == final position of 1st result */
+ wanted = ci->nresults;
+ L->base = (ci - 1)->base; /* restore base */
+ L->savedpc = (ci - 1)->savedpc; /* restore savedpc */
+ /* move results to correct place */
+ for (i = wanted; i != 0 && firstResult < L->top; i--)
+ setobjs2s(L, res++, firstResult++);
+ while (i-- > 0)
+ setnilvalue(res++);
+ L->top = res;
+ return (wanted - LUA_MULTRET); /* 0 iff wanted == LUA_MULTRET */
+}
+
+
+/*
+** Call a function (C or Lua). The function to be called is at *func.
+** The arguments are on the stack, right after the function.
+** When returns, all the results are on the stack, starting at the original
+** function position.
+*/
+void luaD_call (lua_State *L, StkId func, int nResults) {
+ if (++L->nCcalls >= LUAI_MAXCCALLS) {
+ if (L->nCcalls == LUAI_MAXCCALLS)
+ luaG_runerror(L, "C stack overflow");
+ else if (L->nCcalls >= (LUAI_MAXCCALLS + (LUAI_MAXCCALLS>>3)))
+ luaD_throw(L, LUA_ERRERR); /* error while handing stack error */
+ }
+ if (luaD_precall(L, func, nResults) == PCRLUA) /* is a Lua function? */
+ luaV_execute(L, 1); /* call it */
+ L->nCcalls--;
+ luaC_checkGC(L);
+}
+
+
+static void resume (lua_State *L, void *ud) {
+ StkId firstArg = cast(StkId, ud);
+ CallInfo *ci = L->ci;
+ if (L->status == 0) { /* start coroutine? */
+ lua_assert(ci == L->base_ci && firstArg > L->base);
+ if (luaD_precall(L, firstArg - 1, LUA_MULTRET) != PCRLUA)
+ return;
+ }
+ else { /* resuming from previous yield */
+ lua_assert(L->status == LUA_YIELD);
+ L->status = 0;
+ if (!f_isLua(ci)) { /* `common' yield? */
+ /* finish interrupted execution of `OP_CALL' */
+ lua_assert(GET_OPCODE(*((ci-1)->savedpc - 1)) == OP_CALL ||
+ GET_OPCODE(*((ci-1)->savedpc - 1)) == OP_TAILCALL);
+ if (luaD_poscall(L, firstArg)) /* complete it... */
+ L->top = L->ci->top; /* and correct top if not multiple results */
+ }
+ else /* yielded inside a hook: just continue its execution */
+ L->base = L->ci->base;
+ }
+ luaV_execute(L, cast_int(L->ci - L->base_ci));
+}
+
+
+static int resume_error (lua_State *L, const char *msg) {
+ L->top = L->ci->base;
+ setsvalue2s(L, L->top, luaS_new(L, msg));
+ incr_top(L);
+ lua_unlock(L);
+ return LUA_ERRRUN;
+}
+
+
+LUA_API int lua_resume (lua_State *L, int nargs) {
+ int status;
+ lua_lock(L);
+ if (L->status != LUA_YIELD && (L->status != 0 || L->ci != L->base_ci))
+ return resume_error(L, "cannot resume non-suspended coroutine");
+ if (L->nCcalls >= LUAI_MAXCCALLS)
+ return resume_error(L, "C stack overflow");
+ luai_userstateresume(L, nargs);
+ lua_assert(L->errfunc == 0);
+ L->baseCcalls = ++L->nCcalls;
+ status = luaD_rawrunprotected(L, resume, L->top - nargs);
+ if (status != 0) { /* error? */
+ L->status = cast_byte(status); /* mark thread as `dead' */
+ luaD_seterrorobj(L, status, L->top);
+ L->ci->top = L->top;
+ }
+ else {
+ lua_assert(L->nCcalls == L->baseCcalls);
+ status = L->status;
+ }
+ --L->nCcalls;
+ lua_unlock(L);
+ return status;
+}
+
+
+LUA_API int lua_yield (lua_State *L, int nresults) {
+ luai_userstateyield(L, nresults);
+ lua_lock(L);
+ if (L->nCcalls > L->baseCcalls)
+ luaG_runerror(L, "attempt to yield across metamethod/C-call boundary");
+ L->base = L->top - nresults; /* protect stack slots below */
+ L->status = LUA_YIELD;
+ lua_unlock(L);
+ return -1;
+}
+
+
+int luaD_pcall (lua_State *L, Pfunc func, void *u,
+ ptrdiff_t old_top, ptrdiff_t ef) {
+ int status;
+ unsigned short oldnCcalls = L->nCcalls;
+ ptrdiff_t old_ci = saveci(L, L->ci);
+ lu_byte old_allowhooks = L->allowhook;
+ ptrdiff_t old_errfunc = L->errfunc;
+ L->errfunc = ef;
+ status = luaD_rawrunprotected(L, func, u);
+ if (status != 0) { /* an error occurred? */
+ StkId oldtop = restorestack(L, old_top);
+ luaF_close(L, oldtop); /* close eventual pending closures */
+ luaD_seterrorobj(L, status, oldtop);
+ L->nCcalls = oldnCcalls;
+ L->ci = restoreci(L, old_ci);
+ L->base = L->ci->base;
+ L->savedpc = L->ci->savedpc;
+ L->allowhook = old_allowhooks;
+ restore_stack_limit(L);
+ }
+ L->errfunc = old_errfunc;
+ return status;
+}
+
+
+
+/*
+** Execute a protected parser.
+*/
+struct SParser { /* data to `f_parser' */
+ ZIO *z;
+ Mbuffer buff; /* buffer to be used by the scanner */
+ const char *name;
+};
+
+static void f_parser (lua_State *L, void *ud) {
+ int i;
+ Proto *tf;
+ Closure *cl;
+ struct SParser *p = cast(struct SParser *, ud);
+ int c = luaZ_lookahead(p->z);
+ luaC_checkGC(L);
+ tf = ((c == LUA_SIGNATURE[0]) ? luaU_undump : luaY_parser)(L, p->z,
+ &p->buff, p->name);
+ cl = luaF_newLclosure(L, tf->nups, hvalue(gt(L)));
+ cl->l.p = tf;
+ for (i = 0; i < tf->nups; i++) /* initialize eventual upvalues */
+ cl->l.upvals[i] = luaF_newupval(L);
+ setclvalue(L, L->top, cl);
+ incr_top(L);
+}
+
+
+int luaD_protectedparser (lua_State *L, ZIO *z, const char *name) {
+ struct SParser p;
+ int status;
+ p.z = z; p.name = name;
+ luaZ_initbuffer(L, &p.buff);
+ status = luaD_pcall(L, f_parser, &p, savestack(L, L->top), L->errfunc);
+ luaZ_freebuffer(L, &p.buff);
+ return status;
+}
+
+
--- /dev/null
+/*
+** $Id: ldo.h,v 2.7.1.1 2007/12/27 13:02:25 roberto Exp $
+** Stack and Call structure of Lua
+** See Copyright Notice in lua.h
+*/
+
+#ifndef ldo_h
+#define ldo_h
+
+
+#include "lobject.h"
+#include "lstate.h"
+#include "lzio.h"
+
+
+#define luaD_checkstack(L,n) \
+ if ((char *)L->stack_last - (char *)L->top <= (n)*(int)sizeof(TValue)) \
+ luaD_growstack(L, n); \
+ else condhardstacktests(luaD_reallocstack(L, L->stacksize - EXTRA_STACK - 1));
+
+
+#define incr_top(L) {luaD_checkstack(L,1); L->top++;}
+
+#define savestack(L,p) ((char *)(p) - (char *)L->stack)
+#define restorestack(L,n) ((TValue *)((char *)L->stack + (n)))
+
+#define saveci(L,p) ((char *)(p) - (char *)L->base_ci)
+#define restoreci(L,n) ((CallInfo *)((char *)L->base_ci + (n)))
+
+
+/* results from luaD_precall */
+#define PCRLUA 0 /* initiated a call to a Lua function */
+#define PCRC 1 /* did a call to a C function */
+#define PCRYIELD 2 /* C funtion yielded */
+
+
+/* type of protected functions, to be ran by `runprotected' */
+typedef void (*Pfunc) (lua_State *L, void *ud);
+
+LUAI_FUNC int luaD_protectedparser (lua_State *L, ZIO *z, const char *name);
+LUAI_FUNC void luaD_callhook (lua_State *L, int event, int line);
+LUAI_FUNC int luaD_precall (lua_State *L, StkId func, int nresults);
+LUAI_FUNC void luaD_call (lua_State *L, StkId func, int nResults);
+LUAI_FUNC int luaD_pcall (lua_State *L, Pfunc func, void *u,
+ ptrdiff_t oldtop, ptrdiff_t ef);
+LUAI_FUNC int luaD_poscall (lua_State *L, StkId firstResult);
+LUAI_FUNC void luaD_reallocCI (lua_State *L, int newsize);
+LUAI_FUNC void luaD_reallocstack (lua_State *L, int newsize);
+LUAI_FUNC void luaD_growstack (lua_State *L, int n);
+
+LUAI_FUNC void luaD_throw (lua_State *L, int errcode);
+LUAI_FUNC int luaD_rawrunprotected (lua_State *L, Pfunc f, void *ud);
+
+LUAI_FUNC void luaD_seterrorobj (lua_State *L, int errcode, StkId oldtop);
+
+#endif
+
--- /dev/null
+/*
+** $Id: ldump.c,v 2.8.1.1 2007/12/27 13:02:25 roberto Exp $
+** save precompiled Lua chunks
+** See Copyright Notice in lua.h
+*/
+
+#include <stddef.h>
+
+#define ldump_c
+#define LUA_CORE
+
+#include "lua.h"
+
+#include "lobject.h"
+#include "lstate.h"
+#include "lundump.h"
+
+typedef struct {
+ lua_State* L;
+ lua_Writer writer;
+ void* data;
+ int strip;
+ int status;
+} DumpState;
+
+#define DumpMem(b,n,size,D) DumpBlock(b,(n)*(size),D)
+#define DumpVar(x,D) DumpMem(&x,1,sizeof(x),D)
+
+static void DumpBlock(const void* b, size_t size, DumpState* D)
+{
+ if (D->status==0)
+ {
+ lua_unlock(D->L);
+ D->status=(*D->writer)(D->L,b,size,D->data);
+ lua_lock(D->L);
+ }
+}
+
+static void DumpChar(int y, DumpState* D)
+{
+ char x=(char)y;
+ DumpVar(x,D);
+}
+
+static void DumpInt(int x, DumpState* D)
+{
+ DumpVar(x,D);
+}
+
+static void DumpNumber(lua_Number x, DumpState* D)
+{
+ DumpVar(x,D);
+}
+
+static void DumpVector(const void* b, int n, size_t size, DumpState* D)
+{
+ DumpInt(n,D);
+ DumpMem(b,n,size,D);
+}
+
+static void DumpString(const TString* s, DumpState* D)
+{
+ if (s==NULL || getstr(s)==NULL)
+ {
+ size_t size=0;
+ DumpVar(size,D);
+ }
+ else
+ {
+ size_t size=s->tsv.len+1; /* include trailing '\0' */
+ DumpVar(size,D);
+ DumpBlock(getstr(s),size,D);
+ }
+}
+
+#define DumpCode(f,D) DumpVector(f->code,f->sizecode,sizeof(Instruction),D)
+
+static void DumpFunction(const Proto* f, const TString* p, DumpState* D);
+
+static void DumpConstants(const Proto* f, DumpState* D)
+{
+ int i,n=f->sizek;
+ DumpInt(n,D);
+ for (i=0; i<n; i++)
+ {
+ const TValue* o=&f->k[i];
+ DumpChar(ttype(o),D);
+ switch (ttype(o))
+ {
+ case LUA_TNIL:
+ break;
+ case LUA_TBOOLEAN:
+ DumpChar(bvalue(o),D);
+ break;
+ case LUA_TNUMBER:
+ DumpNumber(nvalue(o),D);
+ break;
+ case LUA_TSTRING:
+ DumpString(rawtsvalue(o),D);
+ break;
+ default:
+ lua_assert(0); /* cannot happen */
+ break;
+ }
+ }
+ n=f->sizep;
+ DumpInt(n,D);
+ for (i=0; i<n; i++) DumpFunction(f->p[i],f->source,D);
+}
+
+static void DumpDebug(const Proto* f, DumpState* D)
+{
+ int i,n;
+ n= (D->strip) ? 0 : f->sizelineinfo;
+ DumpVector(f->lineinfo,n,sizeof(int),D);
+ n= (D->strip) ? 0 : f->sizelocvars;
+ DumpInt(n,D);
+ for (i=0; i<n; i++)
+ {
+ DumpString(f->locvars[i].varname,D);
+ DumpInt(f->locvars[i].startpc,D);
+ DumpInt(f->locvars[i].endpc,D);
+ }
+ n= (D->strip) ? 0 : f->sizeupvalues;
+ DumpInt(n,D);
+ for (i=0; i<n; i++) DumpString(f->upvalues[i],D);
+}
+
+static void DumpFunction(const Proto* f, const TString* p, DumpState* D)
+{
+ DumpString((f->source==p || D->strip) ? NULL : f->source,D);
+ DumpInt(f->linedefined,D);
+ DumpInt(f->lastlinedefined,D);
+ DumpChar(f->nups,D);
+ DumpChar(f->numparams,D);
+ DumpChar(f->is_vararg,D);
+ DumpChar(f->maxstacksize,D);
+ DumpCode(f,D);
+ DumpConstants(f,D);
+ DumpDebug(f,D);
+}
+
+static void DumpHeader(DumpState* D)
+{
+ char h[LUAC_HEADERSIZE];
+ luaU_header(h);
+ DumpBlock(h,LUAC_HEADERSIZE,D);
+}
+
+/*
+** dump Lua function as precompiled chunk
+*/
+int luaU_dump (lua_State* L, const Proto* f, lua_Writer w, void* data, int strip)
+{
+ DumpState D;
+ D.L=L;
+ D.writer=w;
+ D.data=data;
+ D.strip=strip;
+ D.status=0;
+ DumpHeader(&D);
+ DumpFunction(f,NULL,&D);
+ return D.status;
+}
--- /dev/null
+/*
+** $Id: lfunc.c,v 2.12.1.2 2007/12/28 14:58:43 roberto Exp $
+** Auxiliary functions to manipulate prototypes and closures
+** See Copyright Notice in lua.h
+*/
+
+
+#include <stddef.h>
+
+#define lfunc_c
+#define LUA_CORE
+
+#include "lua.h"
+
+#include "lfunc.h"
+#include "lgc.h"
+#include "lmem.h"
+#include "lobject.h"
+#include "lstate.h"
+
+
+
+Closure *luaF_newCclosure (lua_State *L, int nelems, Table *e) {
+ Closure *c = cast(Closure *, luaM_malloc(L, sizeCclosure(nelems)));
+ luaC_link(L, obj2gco(c), LUA_TFUNCTION);
+ c->c.isC = 1;
+ c->c.env = e;
+ c->c.nupvalues = cast_byte(nelems);
+ return c;
+}
+
+
+Closure *luaF_newLclosure (lua_State *L, int nelems, Table *e) {
+ Closure *c = cast(Closure *, luaM_malloc(L, sizeLclosure(nelems)));
+ luaC_link(L, obj2gco(c), LUA_TFUNCTION);
+ c->l.isC = 0;
+ c->l.env = e;
+ c->l.nupvalues = cast_byte(nelems);
+ while (nelems--) c->l.upvals[nelems] = NULL;
+ return c;
+}
+
+
+UpVal *luaF_newupval (lua_State *L) {
+ UpVal *uv = luaM_new(L, UpVal);
+ luaC_link(L, obj2gco(uv), LUA_TUPVAL);
+ uv->v = &uv->u.value;
+ setnilvalue(uv->v);
+ return uv;
+}
+
+
+UpVal *luaF_findupval (lua_State *L, StkId level) {
+ global_State *g = G(L);
+ GCObject **pp = &L->openupval;
+ UpVal *p;
+ UpVal *uv;
+ while (*pp != NULL && (p = ngcotouv(*pp))->v >= level) {
+ lua_assert(p->v != &p->u.value);
+ if (p->v == level) { /* found a corresponding upvalue? */
+ if (isdead(g, obj2gco(p))) /* is it dead? */
+ changewhite(obj2gco(p)); /* ressurect it */
+ return p;
+ }
+ pp = &p->next;
+ }
+ uv = luaM_new(L, UpVal); /* not found: create a new one */
+ uv->tt = LUA_TUPVAL;
+ uv->marked = luaC_white(g);
+ uv->v = level; /* current value lives in the stack */
+ uv->next = *pp; /* chain it in the proper position */
+ *pp = obj2gco(uv);
+ uv->u.l.prev = &g->uvhead; /* double link it in `uvhead' list */
+ uv->u.l.next = g->uvhead.u.l.next;
+ uv->u.l.next->u.l.prev = uv;
+ g->uvhead.u.l.next = uv;
+ lua_assert(uv->u.l.next->u.l.prev == uv && uv->u.l.prev->u.l.next == uv);
+ return uv;
+}
+
+
+static void unlinkupval (UpVal *uv) {
+ lua_assert(uv->u.l.next->u.l.prev == uv && uv->u.l.prev->u.l.next == uv);
+ uv->u.l.next->u.l.prev = uv->u.l.prev; /* remove from `uvhead' list */
+ uv->u.l.prev->u.l.next = uv->u.l.next;
+}
+
+
+void luaF_freeupval (lua_State *L, UpVal *uv) {
+ if (uv->v != &uv->u.value) /* is it open? */
+ unlinkupval(uv); /* remove from open list */
+ luaM_free(L, uv); /* free upvalue */
+}
+
+
+void luaF_close (lua_State *L, StkId level) {
+ UpVal *uv;
+ global_State *g = G(L);
+ while (L->openupval != NULL && (uv = ngcotouv(L->openupval))->v >= level) {
+ GCObject *o = obj2gco(uv);
+ lua_assert(!isblack(o) && uv->v != &uv->u.value);
+ L->openupval = uv->next; /* remove from `open' list */
+ if (isdead(g, o))
+ luaF_freeupval(L, uv); /* free upvalue */
+ else {
+ unlinkupval(uv);
+ setobj(L, &uv->u.value, uv->v);
+ uv->v = &uv->u.value; /* now current value lives here */
+ luaC_linkupval(L, uv); /* link upvalue into `gcroot' list */
+ }
+ }
+}
+
+
+Proto *luaF_newproto (lua_State *L) {
+ Proto *f = luaM_new(L, Proto);
+ luaC_link(L, obj2gco(f), LUA_TPROTO);
+ f->k = NULL;
+ f->sizek = 0;
+ f->p = NULL;
+ f->sizep = 0;
+ f->code = NULL;
+ f->sizecode = 0;
+ f->sizelineinfo = 0;
+ f->sizeupvalues = 0;
+ f->nups = 0;
+ f->upvalues = NULL;
+ f->numparams = 0;
+ f->is_vararg = 0;
+ f->maxstacksize = 0;
+ f->lineinfo = NULL;
+ f->sizelocvars = 0;
+ f->locvars = NULL;
+ f->linedefined = 0;
+ f->lastlinedefined = 0;
+ f->source = NULL;
+ return f;
+}
+
+
+void luaF_freeproto (lua_State *L, Proto *f) {
+ luaM_freearray(L, f->code, f->sizecode, Instruction);
+ luaM_freearray(L, f->p, f->sizep, Proto *);
+ luaM_freearray(L, f->k, f->sizek, TValue);
+ luaM_freearray(L, f->lineinfo, f->sizelineinfo, int);
+ luaM_freearray(L, f->locvars, f->sizelocvars, struct LocVar);
+ luaM_freearray(L, f->upvalues, f->sizeupvalues, TString *);
+ luaM_free(L, f);
+}
+
+
+void luaF_freeclosure (lua_State *L, Closure *c) {
+ int size = (c->c.isC) ? sizeCclosure(c->c.nupvalues) :
+ sizeLclosure(c->l.nupvalues);
+ luaM_freemem(L, c, size);
+}
+
+
+/*
+** Look for n-th local variable at line `line' in function `func'.
+** Returns NULL if not found.
+*/
+const char *luaF_getlocalname (const Proto *f, int local_number, int pc) {
+ int i;
+ for (i = 0; i<f->sizelocvars && f->locvars[i].startpc <= pc; i++) {
+ if (pc < f->locvars[i].endpc) { /* is variable active? */
+ local_number--;
+ if (local_number == 0)
+ return getstr(f->locvars[i].varname);
+ }
+ }
+ return NULL; /* not found */
+}
+
--- /dev/null
+/*
+** $Id: lfunc.h,v 2.4.1.1 2007/12/27 13:02:25 roberto Exp $
+** Auxiliary functions to manipulate prototypes and closures
+** See Copyright Notice in lua.h
+*/
+
+#ifndef lfunc_h
+#define lfunc_h
+
+
+#include "lobject.h"
+
+
+#define sizeCclosure(n) (cast(int, sizeof(CClosure)) + \
+ cast(int, sizeof(TValue)*((n)-1)))
+
+#define sizeLclosure(n) (cast(int, sizeof(LClosure)) + \
+ cast(int, sizeof(TValue *)*((n)-1)))
+
+
+LUAI_FUNC Proto *luaF_newproto (lua_State *L);
+LUAI_FUNC Closure *luaF_newCclosure (lua_State *L, int nelems, Table *e);
+LUAI_FUNC Closure *luaF_newLclosure (lua_State *L, int nelems, Table *e);
+LUAI_FUNC UpVal *luaF_newupval (lua_State *L);
+LUAI_FUNC UpVal *luaF_findupval (lua_State *L, StkId level);
+LUAI_FUNC void luaF_close (lua_State *L, StkId level);
+LUAI_FUNC void luaF_freeproto (lua_State *L, Proto *f);
+LUAI_FUNC void luaF_freeclosure (lua_State *L, Closure *c);
+LUAI_FUNC void luaF_freeupval (lua_State *L, UpVal *uv);
+LUAI_FUNC const char *luaF_getlocalname (const Proto *func, int local_number,
+ int pc);
+
+
+#endif
--- /dev/null
+/*
+** $Id: lgc.c,v 2.38.1.2 2011/03/18 18:05:38 roberto Exp $
+** Garbage Collector
+** See Copyright Notice in lua.h
+*/
+
+#include <string.h>
+
+#define lgc_c
+#define LUA_CORE
+
+#include "lua.h"
+
+#include "ldebug.h"
+#include "ldo.h"
+#include "lfunc.h"
+#include "lgc.h"
+#include "lmem.h"
+#include "lobject.h"
+#include "lstate.h"
+#include "lstring.h"
+#include "ltable.h"
+#include "ltm.h"
+
+
+#define GCSTEPSIZE 1024u
+#define GCSWEEPMAX 40
+#define GCSWEEPCOST 10
+#define GCFINALIZECOST 100
+
+
+#define maskmarks cast_byte(~(bitmask(BLACKBIT)|WHITEBITS))
+
+#define makewhite(g,x) \
+ ((x)->gch.marked = cast_byte(((x)->gch.marked & maskmarks) | luaC_white(g)))
+
+#define white2gray(x) reset2bits((x)->gch.marked, WHITE0BIT, WHITE1BIT)
+#define black2gray(x) resetbit((x)->gch.marked, BLACKBIT)
+
+#define stringmark(s) reset2bits((s)->tsv.marked, WHITE0BIT, WHITE1BIT)
+
+
+#define isfinalized(u) testbit((u)->marked, FINALIZEDBIT)
+#define markfinalized(u) l_setbit((u)->marked, FINALIZEDBIT)
+
+
+#define KEYWEAK bitmask(KEYWEAKBIT)
+#define VALUEWEAK bitmask(VALUEWEAKBIT)
+
+
+
+#define markvalue(g,o) { checkconsistency(o); \
+ if (iscollectable(o) && iswhite(gcvalue(o))) reallymarkobject(g,gcvalue(o)); }
+
+#define markobject(g,t) { if (iswhite(obj2gco(t))) \
+ reallymarkobject(g, obj2gco(t)); }
+
+
+#define setthreshold(g) (g->GCthreshold = (g->estimate/100) * g->gcpause)
+
+
+static void removeentry (Node *n) {
+ lua_assert(ttisnil(gval(n)));
+ if (iscollectable(gkey(n)))
+ setttype(gkey(n), LUA_TDEADKEY); /* dead key; remove it */
+}
+
+
+static void reallymarkobject (global_State *g, GCObject *o) {
+ lua_assert(iswhite(o) && !isdead(g, o));
+ white2gray(o);
+ switch (o->gch.tt) {
+ case LUA_TSTRING: {
+ return;
+ }
+ case LUA_TUSERDATA: {
+ Table *mt = gco2u(o)->metatable;
+ gray2black(o); /* udata are never gray */
+ if (mt) markobject(g, mt);
+ markobject(g, gco2u(o)->env);
+ return;
+ }
+ case LUA_TUPVAL: {
+ UpVal *uv = gco2uv(o);
+ markvalue(g, uv->v);
+ if (uv->v == &uv->u.value) /* closed? */
+ gray2black(o); /* open upvalues are never black */
+ return;
+ }
+ case LUA_TFUNCTION: {
+ gco2cl(o)->c.gclist = g->gray;
+ g->gray = o;
+ break;
+ }
+ case LUA_TTABLE: {
+ gco2h(o)->gclist = g->gray;
+ g->gray = o;
+ break;
+ }
+ case LUA_TTHREAD: {
+ gco2th(o)->gclist = g->gray;
+ g->gray = o;
+ break;
+ }
+ case LUA_TPROTO: {
+ gco2p(o)->gclist = g->gray;
+ g->gray = o;
+ break;
+ }
+ default: lua_assert(0);
+ }
+}
+
+
+static void marktmu (global_State *g) {
+ GCObject *u = g->tmudata;
+ if (u) {
+ do {
+ u = u->gch.next;
+ makewhite(g, u); /* may be marked, if left from previous GC */
+ reallymarkobject(g, u);
+ } while (u != g->tmudata);
+ }
+}
+
+
+/* move `dead' udata that need finalization to list `tmudata' */
+size_t luaC_separateudata (lua_State *L, int all) {
+ global_State *g = G(L);
+ size_t deadmem = 0;
+ GCObject **p = &g->mainthread->next;
+ GCObject *curr;
+ while ((curr = *p) != NULL) {
+ if (!(iswhite(curr) || all) || isfinalized(gco2u(curr)))
+ p = &curr->gch.next; /* don't bother with them */
+ else if (fasttm(L, gco2u(curr)->metatable, TM_GC) == NULL) {
+ markfinalized(gco2u(curr)); /* don't need finalization */
+ p = &curr->gch.next;
+ }
+ else { /* must call its gc method */
+ deadmem += sizeudata(gco2u(curr));
+ markfinalized(gco2u(curr));
+ *p = curr->gch.next;
+ /* link `curr' at the end of `tmudata' list */
+ if (g->tmudata == NULL) /* list is empty? */
+ g->tmudata = curr->gch.next = curr; /* creates a circular list */
+ else {
+ curr->gch.next = g->tmudata->gch.next;
+ g->tmudata->gch.next = curr;
+ g->tmudata = curr;
+ }
+ }
+ }
+ return deadmem;
+}
+
+
+static int traversetable (global_State *g, Table *h) {
+ int i;
+ int weakkey = 0;
+ int weakvalue = 0;
+ const TValue *mode;
+ if (h->metatable)
+ markobject(g, h->metatable);
+ mode = gfasttm(g, h->metatable, TM_MODE);
+ if (mode && ttisstring(mode)) { /* is there a weak mode? */
+ weakkey = (strchr(svalue(mode), 'k') != NULL);
+ weakvalue = (strchr(svalue(mode), 'v') != NULL);
+ if (weakkey || weakvalue) { /* is really weak? */
+ h->marked &= ~(KEYWEAK | VALUEWEAK); /* clear bits */
+ h->marked |= cast_byte((weakkey << KEYWEAKBIT) |
+ (weakvalue << VALUEWEAKBIT));
+ h->gclist = g->weak; /* must be cleared after GC, ... */
+ g->weak = obj2gco(h); /* ... so put in the appropriate list */
+ }
+ }
+ if (weakkey && weakvalue) return 1;
+ if (!weakvalue) {
+ i = h->sizearray;
+ while (i--)
+ markvalue(g, &h->array[i]);
+ }
+ i = sizenode(h);
+ while (i--) {
+ Node *n = gnode(h, i);
+ lua_assert(ttype(gkey(n)) != LUA_TDEADKEY || ttisnil(gval(n)));
+ if (ttisnil(gval(n)))
+ removeentry(n); /* remove empty entries */
+ else {
+ lua_assert(!ttisnil(gkey(n)));
+ if (!weakkey) markvalue(g, gkey(n));
+ if (!weakvalue) markvalue(g, gval(n));
+ }
+ }
+ return weakkey || weakvalue;
+}
+
+
+/*
+** All marks are conditional because a GC may happen while the
+** prototype is still being created
+*/
+static void traverseproto (global_State *g, Proto *f) {
+ int i;
+ if (f->source) stringmark(f->source);
+ for (i=0; i<f->sizek; i++) /* mark literals */
+ markvalue(g, &f->k[i]);
+ for (i=0; i<f->sizeupvalues; i++) { /* mark upvalue names */
+ if (f->upvalues[i])
+ stringmark(f->upvalues[i]);
+ }
+ for (i=0; i<f->sizep; i++) { /* mark nested protos */
+ if (f->p[i])
+ markobject(g, f->p[i]);
+ }
+ for (i=0; i<f->sizelocvars; i++) { /* mark local-variable names */
+ if (f->locvars[i].varname)
+ stringmark(f->locvars[i].varname);
+ }
+}
+
+
+
+static void traverseclosure (global_State *g, Closure *cl) {
+ markobject(g, cl->c.env);
+ if (cl->c.isC) {
+ int i;
+ for (i=0; i<cl->c.nupvalues; i++) /* mark its upvalues */
+ markvalue(g, &cl->c.upvalue[i]);
+ }
+ else {
+ int i;
+ lua_assert(cl->l.nupvalues == cl->l.p->nups);
+ markobject(g, cl->l.p);
+ for (i=0; i<cl->l.nupvalues; i++) /* mark its upvalues */
+ markobject(g, cl->l.upvals[i]);
+ }
+}
+
+
+static void checkstacksizes (lua_State *L, StkId max) {
+ int ci_used = cast_int(L->ci - L->base_ci); /* number of `ci' in use */
+ int s_used = cast_int(max - L->stack); /* part of stack in use */
+ if (L->size_ci > LUAI_MAXCALLS) /* handling overflow? */
+ return; /* do not touch the stacks */
+ if (4*ci_used < L->size_ci && 2*BASIC_CI_SIZE < L->size_ci)
+ luaD_reallocCI(L, L->size_ci/2); /* still big enough... */
+ condhardstacktests(luaD_reallocCI(L, ci_used + 1));
+ if (4*s_used < L->stacksize &&
+ 2*(BASIC_STACK_SIZE+EXTRA_STACK) < L->stacksize)
+ luaD_reallocstack(L, L->stacksize/2); /* still big enough... */
+ condhardstacktests(luaD_reallocstack(L, s_used));
+}
+
+
+static void traversestack (global_State *g, lua_State *l) {
+ StkId o, lim;
+ CallInfo *ci;
+ markvalue(g, gt(l));
+ lim = l->top;
+ for (ci = l->base_ci; ci <= l->ci; ci++) {
+ lua_assert(ci->top <= l->stack_last);
+ if (lim < ci->top) lim = ci->top;
+ }
+ for (o = l->stack; o < l->top; o++)
+ markvalue(g, o);
+ for (; o <= lim; o++)
+ setnilvalue(o);
+ checkstacksizes(l, lim);
+}
+
+
+/*
+** traverse one gray object, turning it to black.
+** Returns `quantity' traversed.
+*/
+static l_mem propagatemark (global_State *g) {
+ GCObject *o = g->gray;
+ lua_assert(isgray(o));
+ gray2black(o);
+ switch (o->gch.tt) {
+ case LUA_TTABLE: {
+ Table *h = gco2h(o);
+ g->gray = h->gclist;
+ if (traversetable(g, h)) /* table is weak? */
+ black2gray(o); /* keep it gray */
+ return sizeof(Table) + sizeof(TValue) * h->sizearray +
+ sizeof(Node) * sizenode(h);
+ }
+ case LUA_TFUNCTION: {
+ Closure *cl = gco2cl(o);
+ g->gray = cl->c.gclist;
+ traverseclosure(g, cl);
+ return (cl->c.isC) ? sizeCclosure(cl->c.nupvalues) :
+ sizeLclosure(cl->l.nupvalues);
+ }
+ case LUA_TTHREAD: {
+ lua_State *th = gco2th(o);
+ g->gray = th->gclist;
+ th->gclist = g->grayagain;
+ g->grayagain = o;
+ black2gray(o);
+ traversestack(g, th);
+ return sizeof(lua_State) + sizeof(TValue) * th->stacksize +
+ sizeof(CallInfo) * th->size_ci;
+ }
+ case LUA_TPROTO: {
+ Proto *p = gco2p(o);
+ g->gray = p->gclist;
+ traverseproto(g, p);
+ return sizeof(Proto) + sizeof(Instruction) * p->sizecode +
+ sizeof(Proto *) * p->sizep +
+ sizeof(TValue) * p->sizek +
+ sizeof(int) * p->sizelineinfo +
+ sizeof(LocVar) * p->sizelocvars +
+ sizeof(TString *) * p->sizeupvalues;
+ }
+ default: lua_assert(0); return 0;
+ }
+}
+
+
+static size_t propagateall (global_State *g) {
+ size_t m = 0;
+ while (g->gray) m += propagatemark(g);
+ return m;
+}
+
+
+/*
+** The next function tells whether a key or value can be cleared from
+** a weak table. Non-collectable objects are never removed from weak
+** tables. Strings behave as `values', so are never removed too. for
+** other objects: if really collected, cannot keep them; for userdata
+** being finalized, keep them in keys, but not in values
+*/
+static int iscleared (const TValue *o, int iskey) {
+ if (!iscollectable(o)) return 0;
+ if (ttisstring(o)) {
+ stringmark(rawtsvalue(o)); /* strings are `values', so are never weak */
+ return 0;
+ }
+ return iswhite(gcvalue(o)) ||
+ (ttisuserdata(o) && (!iskey && isfinalized(uvalue(o))));
+}
+
+
+/*
+** clear collected entries from weaktables
+*/
+static void cleartable (GCObject *l) {
+ while (l) {
+ Table *h = gco2h(l);
+ int i = h->sizearray;
+ lua_assert(testbit(h->marked, VALUEWEAKBIT) ||
+ testbit(h->marked, KEYWEAKBIT));
+ if (testbit(h->marked, VALUEWEAKBIT)) {
+ while (i--) {
+ TValue *o = &h->array[i];
+ if (iscleared(o, 0)) /* value was collected? */
+ setnilvalue(o); /* remove value */
+ }
+ }
+ i = sizenode(h);
+ while (i--) {
+ Node *n = gnode(h, i);
+ if (!ttisnil(gval(n)) && /* non-empty entry? */
+ (iscleared(key2tval(n), 1) || iscleared(gval(n), 0))) {
+ setnilvalue(gval(n)); /* remove value ... */
+ removeentry(n); /* remove entry from table */
+ }
+ }
+ l = h->gclist;
+ }
+}
+
+
+static void freeobj (lua_State *L, GCObject *o) {
+ switch (o->gch.tt) {
+ case LUA_TPROTO: luaF_freeproto(L, gco2p(o)); break;
+ case LUA_TFUNCTION: luaF_freeclosure(L, gco2cl(o)); break;
+ case LUA_TUPVAL: luaF_freeupval(L, gco2uv(o)); break;
+ case LUA_TTABLE: luaH_free(L, gco2h(o)); break;
+ case LUA_TTHREAD: {
+ lua_assert(gco2th(o) != L && gco2th(o) != G(L)->mainthread);
+ luaE_freethread(L, gco2th(o));
+ break;
+ }
+ case LUA_TSTRING: {
+ G(L)->strt.nuse--;
+ luaM_freemem(L, o, sizestring(gco2ts(o)));
+ break;
+ }
+ case LUA_TUSERDATA: {
+ luaM_freemem(L, o, sizeudata(gco2u(o)));
+ break;
+ }
+ default: lua_assert(0);
+ }
+}
+
+
+
+#define sweepwholelist(L,p) sweeplist(L,p,MAX_LUMEM)
+
+
+static GCObject **sweeplist (lua_State *L, GCObject **p, lu_mem count) {
+ GCObject *curr;
+ global_State *g = G(L);
+ int deadmask = otherwhite(g);
+ while ((curr = *p) != NULL && count-- > 0) {
+ if (curr->gch.tt == LUA_TTHREAD) /* sweep open upvalues of each thread */
+ sweepwholelist(L, &gco2th(curr)->openupval);
+ if ((curr->gch.marked ^ WHITEBITS) & deadmask) { /* not dead? */
+ lua_assert(!isdead(g, curr) || testbit(curr->gch.marked, FIXEDBIT));
+ makewhite(g, curr); /* make it white (for next cycle) */
+ p = &curr->gch.next;
+ }
+ else { /* must erase `curr' */
+ lua_assert(isdead(g, curr) || deadmask == bitmask(SFIXEDBIT));
+ *p = curr->gch.next;
+ if (curr == g->rootgc) /* is the first element of the list? */
+ g->rootgc = curr->gch.next; /* adjust first */
+ freeobj(L, curr);
+ }
+ }
+ return p;
+}
+
+
+static void checkSizes (lua_State *L) {
+ global_State *g = G(L);
+ /* check size of string hash */
+ if (g->strt.nuse < cast(lu_int32, g->strt.size/4) &&
+ g->strt.size > MINSTRTABSIZE*2)
+ luaS_resize(L, g->strt.size/2); /* table is too big */
+ /* check size of buffer */
+ if (luaZ_sizebuffer(&g->buff) > LUA_MINBUFFER*2) { /* buffer too big? */
+ size_t newsize = luaZ_sizebuffer(&g->buff) / 2;
+ luaZ_resizebuffer(L, &g->buff, newsize);
+ }
+}
+
+
+static void GCTM (lua_State *L) {
+ global_State *g = G(L);
+ GCObject *o = g->tmudata->gch.next; /* get first element */
+ Udata *udata = rawgco2u(o);
+ const TValue *tm;
+ /* remove udata from `tmudata' */
+ if (o == g->tmudata) /* last element? */
+ g->tmudata = NULL;
+ else
+ g->tmudata->gch.next = udata->uv.next;
+ udata->uv.next = g->mainthread->next; /* return it to `root' list */
+ g->mainthread->next = o;
+ makewhite(g, o);
+ tm = fasttm(L, udata->uv.metatable, TM_GC);
+ if (tm != NULL) {
+ lu_byte oldah = L->allowhook;
+ lu_mem oldt = g->GCthreshold;
+ L->allowhook = 0; /* stop debug hooks during GC tag method */
+ g->GCthreshold = 2*g->totalbytes; /* avoid GC steps */
+ setobj2s(L, L->top, tm);
+ setuvalue(L, L->top+1, udata);
+ L->top += 2;
+ luaD_call(L, L->top - 2, 0);
+ L->allowhook = oldah; /* restore hooks */
+ g->GCthreshold = oldt; /* restore threshold */
+ }
+}
+
+
+/*
+** Call all GC tag methods
+*/
+void luaC_callGCTM (lua_State *L) {
+ while (G(L)->tmudata)
+ GCTM(L);
+}
+
+
+void luaC_freeall (lua_State *L) {
+ global_State *g = G(L);
+ int i;
+ g->currentwhite = WHITEBITS | bitmask(SFIXEDBIT); /* mask to collect all elements */
+ sweepwholelist(L, &g->rootgc);
+ for (i = 0; i < g->strt.size; i++) /* free all string lists */
+ sweepwholelist(L, &g->strt.hash[i]);
+}
+
+
+static void markmt (global_State *g) {
+ int i;
+ for (i=0; i<NUM_TAGS; i++)
+ if (g->mt[i]) markobject(g, g->mt[i]);
+}
+
+
+/* mark root set */
+static void markroot (lua_State *L) {
+ global_State *g = G(L);
+ g->gray = NULL;
+ g->grayagain = NULL;
+ g->weak = NULL;
+ markobject(g, g->mainthread);
+ /* make global table be traversed before main stack */
+ markvalue(g, gt(g->mainthread));
+ markvalue(g, registry(L));
+ markmt(g);
+ g->gcstate = GCSpropagate;
+}
+
+
+static void remarkupvals (global_State *g) {
+ UpVal *uv;
+ for (uv = g->uvhead.u.l.next; uv != &g->uvhead; uv = uv->u.l.next) {
+ lua_assert(uv->u.l.next->u.l.prev == uv && uv->u.l.prev->u.l.next == uv);
+ if (isgray(obj2gco(uv)))
+ markvalue(g, uv->v);
+ }
+}
+
+
+static void atomic (lua_State *L) {
+ global_State *g = G(L);
+ size_t udsize; /* total size of userdata to be finalized */
+ /* remark occasional upvalues of (maybe) dead threads */
+ remarkupvals(g);
+ /* traverse objects cautch by write barrier and by 'remarkupvals' */
+ propagateall(g);
+ /* remark weak tables */
+ g->gray = g->weak;
+ g->weak = NULL;
+ lua_assert(!iswhite(obj2gco(g->mainthread)));
+ markobject(g, L); /* mark running thread */
+ markmt(g); /* mark basic metatables (again) */
+ propagateall(g);
+ /* remark gray again */
+ g->gray = g->grayagain;
+ g->grayagain = NULL;
+ propagateall(g);
+ udsize = luaC_separateudata(L, 0); /* separate userdata to be finalized */
+ marktmu(g); /* mark `preserved' userdata */
+ udsize += propagateall(g); /* remark, to propagate `preserveness' */
+ cleartable(g->weak); /* remove collected objects from weak tables */
+ /* flip current white */
+ g->currentwhite = cast_byte(otherwhite(g));
+ g->sweepstrgc = 0;
+ g->sweepgc = &g->rootgc;
+ g->gcstate = GCSsweepstring;
+ g->estimate = g->totalbytes - udsize; /* first estimate */
+}
+
+
+static l_mem singlestep (lua_State *L) {
+ global_State *g = G(L);
+ /*lua_checkmemory(L);*/
+ switch (g->gcstate) {
+ case GCSpause: {
+ markroot(L); /* start a new collection */
+ return 0;
+ }
+ case GCSpropagate: {
+ if (g->gray)
+ return propagatemark(g);
+ else { /* no more `gray' objects */
+ atomic(L); /* finish mark phase */
+ return 0;
+ }
+ }
+ case GCSsweepstring: {
+ lu_mem old = g->totalbytes;
+ sweepwholelist(L, &g->strt.hash[g->sweepstrgc++]);
+ if (g->sweepstrgc >= g->strt.size) /* nothing more to sweep? */
+ g->gcstate = GCSsweep; /* end sweep-string phase */
+ lua_assert(old >= g->totalbytes);
+ g->estimate -= old - g->totalbytes;
+ return GCSWEEPCOST;
+ }
+ case GCSsweep: {
+ lu_mem old = g->totalbytes;
+ g->sweepgc = sweeplist(L, g->sweepgc, GCSWEEPMAX);
+ if (*g->sweepgc == NULL) { /* nothing more to sweep? */
+ checkSizes(L);
+ g->gcstate = GCSfinalize; /* end sweep phase */
+ }
+ lua_assert(old >= g->totalbytes);
+ g->estimate -= old - g->totalbytes;
+ return GCSWEEPMAX*GCSWEEPCOST;
+ }
+ case GCSfinalize: {
+ if (g->tmudata) {
+ GCTM(L);
+ if (g->estimate > GCFINALIZECOST)
+ g->estimate -= GCFINALIZECOST;
+ return GCFINALIZECOST;
+ }
+ else {
+ g->gcstate = GCSpause; /* end collection */
+ g->gcdept = 0;
+ return 0;
+ }
+ }
+ default: lua_assert(0); return 0;
+ }
+}
+
+
+void luaC_step (lua_State *L) {
+ global_State *g = G(L);
+ l_mem lim = (GCSTEPSIZE/100) * g->gcstepmul;
+ if (lim == 0)
+ lim = (MAX_LUMEM-1)/2; /* no limit */
+ g->gcdept += g->totalbytes - g->GCthreshold;
+ do {
+ lim -= singlestep(L);
+ if (g->gcstate == GCSpause)
+ break;
+ } while (lim > 0);
+ if (g->gcstate != GCSpause) {
+ if (g->gcdept < GCSTEPSIZE)
+ g->GCthreshold = g->totalbytes + GCSTEPSIZE; /* - lim/g->gcstepmul;*/
+ else {
+ g->gcdept -= GCSTEPSIZE;
+ g->GCthreshold = g->totalbytes;
+ }
+ }
+ else {
+ setthreshold(g);
+ }
+}
+
+
+void luaC_fullgc (lua_State *L) {
+ global_State *g = G(L);
+ if (g->gcstate <= GCSpropagate) {
+ /* reset sweep marks to sweep all elements (returning them to white) */
+ g->sweepstrgc = 0;
+ g->sweepgc = &g->rootgc;
+ /* reset other collector lists */
+ g->gray = NULL;
+ g->grayagain = NULL;
+ g->weak = NULL;
+ g->gcstate = GCSsweepstring;
+ }
+ lua_assert(g->gcstate != GCSpause && g->gcstate != GCSpropagate);
+ /* finish any pending sweep phase */
+ while (g->gcstate != GCSfinalize) {
+ lua_assert(g->gcstate == GCSsweepstring || g->gcstate == GCSsweep);
+ singlestep(L);
+ }
+ markroot(L);
+ while (g->gcstate != GCSpause) {
+ singlestep(L);
+ }
+ setthreshold(g);
+}
+
+
+void luaC_barrierf (lua_State *L, GCObject *o, GCObject *v) {
+ global_State *g = G(L);
+ lua_assert(isblack(o) && iswhite(v) && !isdead(g, v) && !isdead(g, o));
+ lua_assert(g->gcstate != GCSfinalize && g->gcstate != GCSpause);
+ lua_assert(ttype(&o->gch) != LUA_TTABLE);
+ /* must keep invariant? */
+ if (g->gcstate == GCSpropagate)
+ reallymarkobject(g, v); /* restore invariant */
+ else /* don't mind */
+ makewhite(g, o); /* mark as white just to avoid other barriers */
+}
+
+
+void luaC_barrierback (lua_State *L, Table *t) {
+ global_State *g = G(L);
+ GCObject *o = obj2gco(t);
+ lua_assert(isblack(o) && !isdead(g, o));
+ lua_assert(g->gcstate != GCSfinalize && g->gcstate != GCSpause);
+ black2gray(o); /* make table gray (again) */
+ t->gclist = g->grayagain;
+ g->grayagain = o;
+}
+
+
+void luaC_link (lua_State *L, GCObject *o, lu_byte tt) {
+ global_State *g = G(L);
+ o->gch.next = g->rootgc;
+ g->rootgc = o;
+ o->gch.marked = luaC_white(g);
+ o->gch.tt = tt;
+}
+
+
+void luaC_linkupval (lua_State *L, UpVal *uv) {
+ global_State *g = G(L);
+ GCObject *o = obj2gco(uv);
+ o->gch.next = g->rootgc; /* link upvalue into `rootgc' list */
+ g->rootgc = o;
+ if (isgray(o)) {
+ if (g->gcstate == GCSpropagate) {
+ gray2black(o); /* closed upvalues need barrier */
+ luaC_barrier(L, uv, uv->v);
+ }
+ else { /* sweep phase: sweep it (turning it into white) */
+ makewhite(g, o);
+ lua_assert(g->gcstate != GCSfinalize && g->gcstate != GCSpause);
+ }
+ }
+}
+
--- /dev/null
+/*
+** $Id: lgc.h,v 2.15.1.1 2007/12/27 13:02:25 roberto Exp $
+** Garbage Collector
+** See Copyright Notice in lua.h
+*/
+
+#ifndef lgc_h
+#define lgc_h
+
+
+#include "lobject.h"
+
+
+/*
+** Possible states of the Garbage Collector
+*/
+#define GCSpause 0
+#define GCSpropagate 1
+#define GCSsweepstring 2
+#define GCSsweep 3
+#define GCSfinalize 4
+
+
+/*
+** some userful bit tricks
+*/
+#define resetbits(x,m) ((x) &= cast(lu_byte, ~(m)))
+#define setbits(x,m) ((x) |= (m))
+#define testbits(x,m) ((x) & (m))
+#define bitmask(b) (1<<(b))
+#define bit2mask(b1,b2) (bitmask(b1) | bitmask(b2))
+#define l_setbit(x,b) setbits(x, bitmask(b))
+#define resetbit(x,b) resetbits(x, bitmask(b))
+#define testbit(x,b) testbits(x, bitmask(b))
+#define set2bits(x,b1,b2) setbits(x, (bit2mask(b1, b2)))
+#define reset2bits(x,b1,b2) resetbits(x, (bit2mask(b1, b2)))
+#define test2bits(x,b1,b2) testbits(x, (bit2mask(b1, b2)))
+
+
+
+/*
+** Layout for bit use in `marked' field:
+** bit 0 - object is white (type 0)
+** bit 1 - object is white (type 1)
+** bit 2 - object is black
+** bit 3 - for userdata: has been finalized
+** bit 3 - for tables: has weak keys
+** bit 4 - for tables: has weak values
+** bit 5 - object is fixed (should not be collected)
+** bit 6 - object is "super" fixed (only the main thread)
+*/
+
+
+#define WHITE0BIT 0
+#define WHITE1BIT 1
+#define BLACKBIT 2
+#define FINALIZEDBIT 3
+#define KEYWEAKBIT 3
+#define VALUEWEAKBIT 4
+#define FIXEDBIT 5
+#define SFIXEDBIT 6
+#define WHITEBITS bit2mask(WHITE0BIT, WHITE1BIT)
+
+
+#define iswhite(x) test2bits((x)->gch.marked, WHITE0BIT, WHITE1BIT)
+#define isblack(x) testbit((x)->gch.marked, BLACKBIT)
+#define isgray(x) (!isblack(x) && !iswhite(x))
+
+#define otherwhite(g) (g->currentwhite ^ WHITEBITS)
+#define isdead(g,v) ((v)->gch.marked & otherwhite(g) & WHITEBITS)
+
+#define changewhite(x) ((x)->gch.marked ^= WHITEBITS)
+#define gray2black(x) l_setbit((x)->gch.marked, BLACKBIT)
+
+#define valiswhite(x) (iscollectable(x) && iswhite(gcvalue(x)))
+
+#define luaC_white(g) cast(lu_byte, (g)->currentwhite & WHITEBITS)
+
+
+#define luaC_checkGC(L) { \
+ condhardstacktests(luaD_reallocstack(L, L->stacksize - EXTRA_STACK - 1)); \
+ if (G(L)->totalbytes >= G(L)->GCthreshold) \
+ luaC_step(L); }
+
+
+#define luaC_barrier(L,p,v) { if (valiswhite(v) && isblack(obj2gco(p))) \
+ luaC_barrierf(L,obj2gco(p),gcvalue(v)); }
+
+#define luaC_barriert(L,t,v) { if (valiswhite(v) && isblack(obj2gco(t))) \
+ luaC_barrierback(L,t); }
+
+#define luaC_objbarrier(L,p,o) \
+ { if (iswhite(obj2gco(o)) && isblack(obj2gco(p))) \
+ luaC_barrierf(L,obj2gco(p),obj2gco(o)); }
+
+#define luaC_objbarriert(L,t,o) \
+ { if (iswhite(obj2gco(o)) && isblack(obj2gco(t))) luaC_barrierback(L,t); }
+
+LUAI_FUNC size_t luaC_separateudata (lua_State *L, int all);
+LUAI_FUNC void luaC_callGCTM (lua_State *L);
+LUAI_FUNC void luaC_freeall (lua_State *L);
+LUAI_FUNC void luaC_step (lua_State *L);
+LUAI_FUNC void luaC_fullgc (lua_State *L);
+LUAI_FUNC void luaC_link (lua_State *L, GCObject *o, lu_byte tt);
+LUAI_FUNC void luaC_linkupval (lua_State *L, UpVal *uv);
+LUAI_FUNC void luaC_barrierf (lua_State *L, GCObject *o, GCObject *v);
+LUAI_FUNC void luaC_barrierback (lua_State *L, Table *t);
+
+
+#endif
--- /dev/null
+/*
+** $Id: linit.c,v 1.14.1.1 2007/12/27 13:02:25 roberto Exp $
+** Initialization of libraries for lua.c
+** See Copyright Notice in lua.h
+*/
+
+
+#define linit_c
+#define LUA_LIB
+
+#include "lua.h"
+
+#include "lualib.h"
+#include "lauxlib.h"
+
+
+static const luaL_Reg lualibs[] = {
+ {"", luaopen_base},
+ {LUA_LOADLIBNAME, luaopen_package},
+ {LUA_TABLIBNAME, luaopen_table},
+ {LUA_IOLIBNAME, luaopen_io},
+ {LUA_OSLIBNAME, luaopen_os},
+ {LUA_STRLIBNAME, luaopen_string},
+ {LUA_MATHLIBNAME, luaopen_math},
+ {LUA_DBLIBNAME, luaopen_debug},
+ {NULL, NULL}
+};
+
+
+LUALIB_API void luaL_openlibs (lua_State *L) {
+ const luaL_Reg *lib = lualibs;
+ for (; lib->func; lib++) {
+ lua_pushcfunction(L, lib->func);
+ lua_pushstring(L, lib->name);
+ lua_call(L, 1, 0);
+ }
+}
+
--- /dev/null
+/*
+** $Id: liolib.c,v 2.73.1.4 2010/05/14 15:33:51 roberto Exp $
+** Standard I/O (and system) library
+** See Copyright Notice in lua.h
+*/
+
+
+#include <errno.h>
+#include <stdio.h>
+#include <stdlib.h>
+#include <string.h>
+
+#define liolib_c
+#define LUA_LIB
+
+#include "lua.h"
+
+#include "lauxlib.h"
+#include "lualib.h"
+
+
+
+#define IO_INPUT 1
+#define IO_OUTPUT 2
+
+
+static const char *const fnames[] = {"input", "output"};
+
+
+static int pushresult (lua_State *L, int i, const char *filename) {
+ int en = errno; /* calls to Lua API may change this value */
+ if (i) {
+ lua_pushboolean(L, 1);
+ return 1;
+ }
+ else {
+ lua_pushnil(L);
+ if (filename)
+ lua_pushfstring(L, "%s: %s", filename, strerror(en));
+ else
+ lua_pushfstring(L, "%s", strerror(en));
+ lua_pushinteger(L, en);
+ return 3;
+ }
+}
+
+
+static void fileerror (lua_State *L, int arg, const char *filename) {
+ lua_pushfstring(L, "%s: %s", filename, strerror(errno));
+ luaL_argerror(L, arg, lua_tostring(L, -1));
+}
+
+
+#define tofilep(L) ((FILE **)luaL_checkudata(L, 1, LUA_FILEHANDLE))
+
+
+static int io_type (lua_State *L) {
+ void *ud;
+ luaL_checkany(L, 1);
+ ud = lua_touserdata(L, 1);
+ lua_getfield(L, LUA_REGISTRYINDEX, LUA_FILEHANDLE);
+ if (ud == NULL || !lua_getmetatable(L, 1) || !lua_rawequal(L, -2, -1))
+ lua_pushnil(L); /* not a file */
+ else if (*((FILE **)ud) == NULL)
+ lua_pushliteral(L, "closed file");
+ else
+ lua_pushliteral(L, "file");
+ return 1;
+}
+
+
+static FILE *tofile (lua_State *L) {
+ FILE **f = tofilep(L);
+ if (*f == NULL)
+ luaL_error(L, "attempt to use a closed file");
+ return *f;
+}
+
+
+
+/*
+** When creating file handles, always creates a `closed' file handle
+** before opening the actual file; so, if there is a memory error, the
+** file is not left opened.
+*/
+static FILE **newfile (lua_State *L) {
+ FILE **pf = (FILE **)lua_newuserdata(L, sizeof(FILE *));
+ *pf = NULL; /* file handle is currently `closed' */
+ luaL_getmetatable(L, LUA_FILEHANDLE);
+ lua_setmetatable(L, -2);
+ return pf;
+}
+
+
+/*
+** function to (not) close the standard files stdin, stdout, and stderr
+*/
+static int io_noclose (lua_State *L) {
+ lua_pushnil(L);
+ lua_pushliteral(L, "cannot close standard file");
+ return 2;
+}
+
+
+/*
+** function to close 'popen' files
+*/
+static int io_pclose (lua_State *L) {
+ FILE **p = tofilep(L);
+ int ok = lua_pclose(L, *p);
+ *p = NULL;
+ return pushresult(L, ok, NULL);
+}
+
+
+/*
+** function to close regular files
+*/
+static int io_fclose (lua_State *L) {
+ FILE **p = tofilep(L);
+ int ok = (fclose(*p) == 0);
+ *p = NULL;
+ return pushresult(L, ok, NULL);
+}
+
+
+static int aux_close (lua_State *L) {
+ lua_getfenv(L, 1);
+ lua_getfield(L, -1, "__close");
+ return (lua_tocfunction(L, -1))(L);
+}
+
+
+static int io_close (lua_State *L) {
+ if (lua_isnone(L, 1))
+ lua_rawgeti(L, LUA_ENVIRONINDEX, IO_OUTPUT);
+ tofile(L); /* make sure argument is a file */
+ return aux_close(L);
+}
+
+
+static int io_gc (lua_State *L) {
+ FILE *f = *tofilep(L);
+ /* ignore closed files */
+ if (f != NULL)
+ aux_close(L);
+ return 0;
+}
+
+
+static int io_tostring (lua_State *L) {
+ FILE *f = *tofilep(L);
+ if (f == NULL)
+ lua_pushliteral(L, "file (closed)");
+ else
+ lua_pushfstring(L, "file (%p)", f);
+ return 1;
+}
+
+
+static int io_open (lua_State *L) {
+ const char *filename = luaL_checkstring(L, 1);
+ const char *mode = luaL_optstring(L, 2, "r");
+ FILE **pf = newfile(L);
+ *pf = fopen(filename, mode);
+ return (*pf == NULL) ? pushresult(L, 0, filename) : 1;
+}
+
+
+/*
+** this function has a separated environment, which defines the
+** correct __close for 'popen' files
+*/
+static int io_popen (lua_State *L) {
+ const char *filename = luaL_checkstring(L, 1);
+ const char *mode = luaL_optstring(L, 2, "r");
+ FILE **pf = newfile(L);
+ *pf = lua_popen(L, filename, mode);
+ return (*pf == NULL) ? pushresult(L, 0, filename) : 1;
+}
+
+
+static int io_tmpfile (lua_State *L) {
+ FILE **pf = newfile(L);
+ *pf = tmpfile();
+ return (*pf == NULL) ? pushresult(L, 0, NULL) : 1;
+}
+
+
+static FILE *getiofile (lua_State *L, int findex) {
+ FILE *f;
+ lua_rawgeti(L, LUA_ENVIRONINDEX, findex);
+ f = *(FILE **)lua_touserdata(L, -1);
+ if (f == NULL)
+ luaL_error(L, "standard %s file is closed", fnames[findex - 1]);
+ return f;
+}
+
+
+static int g_iofile (lua_State *L, int f, const char *mode) {
+ if (!lua_isnoneornil(L, 1)) {
+ const char *filename = lua_tostring(L, 1);
+ if (filename) {
+ FILE **pf = newfile(L);
+ *pf = fopen(filename, mode);
+ if (*pf == NULL)
+ fileerror(L, 1, filename);
+ }
+ else {
+ tofile(L); /* check that it's a valid file handle */
+ lua_pushvalue(L, 1);
+ }
+ lua_rawseti(L, LUA_ENVIRONINDEX, f);
+ }
+ /* return current value */
+ lua_rawgeti(L, LUA_ENVIRONINDEX, f);
+ return 1;
+}
+
+
+static int io_input (lua_State *L) {
+ return g_iofile(L, IO_INPUT, "r");
+}
+
+
+static int io_output (lua_State *L) {
+ return g_iofile(L, IO_OUTPUT, "w");
+}
+
+
+static int io_readline (lua_State *L);
+
+
+static void aux_lines (lua_State *L, int idx, int toclose) {
+ lua_pushvalue(L, idx);
+ lua_pushboolean(L, toclose); /* close/not close file when finished */
+ lua_pushcclosure(L, io_readline, 2);
+}
+
+
+static int f_lines (lua_State *L) {
+ tofile(L); /* check that it's a valid file handle */
+ aux_lines(L, 1, 0);
+ return 1;
+}
+
+
+static int io_lines (lua_State *L) {
+ if (lua_isnoneornil(L, 1)) { /* no arguments? */
+ /* will iterate over default input */
+ lua_rawgeti(L, LUA_ENVIRONINDEX, IO_INPUT);
+ return f_lines(L);
+ }
+ else {
+ const char *filename = luaL_checkstring(L, 1);
+ FILE **pf = newfile(L);
+ *pf = fopen(filename, "r");
+ if (*pf == NULL)
+ fileerror(L, 1, filename);
+ aux_lines(L, lua_gettop(L), 1);
+ return 1;
+ }
+}
+
+
+/*
+** {======================================================
+** READ
+** =======================================================
+*/
+
+
+static int read_number (lua_State *L, FILE *f) {
+ lua_Number d;
+ if (fscanf(f, LUA_NUMBER_SCAN, &d) == 1) {
+ lua_pushnumber(L, d);
+ return 1;
+ }
+ else {
+ lua_pushnil(L); /* "result" to be removed */
+ return 0; /* read fails */
+ }
+}
+
+
+static int test_eof (lua_State *L, FILE *f) {
+ int c = getc(f);
+ ungetc(c, f);
+ lua_pushlstring(L, NULL, 0);
+ return (c != EOF);
+}
+
+
+static int read_line (lua_State *L, FILE *f) {
+ luaL_Buffer b;
+ luaL_buffinit(L, &b);
+ for (;;) {
+ size_t l;
+ char *p = luaL_prepbuffer(&b);
+ if (fgets(p, LUAL_BUFFERSIZE, f) == NULL) { /* eof? */
+ luaL_pushresult(&b); /* close buffer */
+ return (lua_objlen(L, -1) > 0); /* check whether read something */
+ }
+ l = strlen(p);
+ if (l == 0 || p[l-1] != '\n')
+ luaL_addsize(&b, l);
+ else {
+ luaL_addsize(&b, l - 1); /* do not include `eol' */
+ luaL_pushresult(&b); /* close buffer */
+ return 1; /* read at least an `eol' */
+ }
+ }
+}
+
+
+static int read_chars (lua_State *L, FILE *f, size_t n) {
+ size_t rlen; /* how much to read */
+ size_t nr; /* number of chars actually read */
+ luaL_Buffer b;
+ luaL_buffinit(L, &b);
+ rlen = LUAL_BUFFERSIZE; /* try to read that much each time */
+ do {
+ char *p = luaL_prepbuffer(&b);
+ if (rlen > n) rlen = n; /* cannot read more than asked */
+ nr = fread(p, sizeof(char), rlen, f);
+ luaL_addsize(&b, nr);
+ n -= nr; /* still have to read `n' chars */
+ } while (n > 0 && nr == rlen); /* until end of count or eof */
+ luaL_pushresult(&b); /* close buffer */
+ return (n == 0 || lua_objlen(L, -1) > 0);
+}
+
+
+static int g_read (lua_State *L, FILE *f, int first) {
+ int nargs = lua_gettop(L) - 1;
+ int success;
+ int n;
+ clearerr(f);
+ if (nargs == 0) { /* no arguments? */
+ success = read_line(L, f);
+ n = first+1; /* to return 1 result */
+ }
+ else { /* ensure stack space for all results and for auxlib's buffer */
+ luaL_checkstack(L, nargs+LUA_MINSTACK, "too many arguments");
+ success = 1;
+ for (n = first; nargs-- && success; n++) {
+ if (lua_type(L, n) == LUA_TNUMBER) {
+ size_t l = (size_t)lua_tointeger(L, n);
+ success = (l == 0) ? test_eof(L, f) : read_chars(L, f, l);
+ }
+ else {
+ const char *p = lua_tostring(L, n);
+ luaL_argcheck(L, p && p[0] == '*', n, "invalid option");
+ switch (p[1]) {
+ case 'n': /* number */
+ success = read_number(L, f);
+ break;
+ case 'l': /* line */
+ success = read_line(L, f);
+ break;
+ case 'a': /* file */
+ read_chars(L, f, ~((size_t)0)); /* read MAX_SIZE_T chars */
+ success = 1; /* always success */
+ break;
+ default:
+ return luaL_argerror(L, n, "invalid format");
+ }
+ }
+ }
+ }
+ if (ferror(f))
+ return pushresult(L, 0, NULL);
+ if (!success) {
+ lua_pop(L, 1); /* remove last result */
+ lua_pushnil(L); /* push nil instead */
+ }
+ return n - first;
+}
+
+
+static int io_read (lua_State *L) {
+ return g_read(L, getiofile(L, IO_INPUT), 1);
+}
+
+
+static int f_read (lua_State *L) {
+ return g_read(L, tofile(L), 2);
+}
+
+
+static int io_readline (lua_State *L) {
+ FILE *f = *(FILE **)lua_touserdata(L, lua_upvalueindex(1));
+ int sucess;
+ if (f == NULL) /* file is already closed? */
+ luaL_error(L, "file is already closed");
+ sucess = read_line(L, f);
+ if (ferror(f))
+ return luaL_error(L, "%s", strerror(errno));
+ if (sucess) return 1;
+ else { /* EOF */
+ if (lua_toboolean(L, lua_upvalueindex(2))) { /* generator created file? */
+ lua_settop(L, 0);
+ lua_pushvalue(L, lua_upvalueindex(1));
+ aux_close(L); /* close it */
+ }
+ return 0;
+ }
+}
+
+/* }====================================================== */
+
+
+static int g_write (lua_State *L, FILE *f, int arg) {
+ int nargs = lua_gettop(L) - 1;
+ int status = 1;
+ for (; nargs--; arg++) {
+ if (lua_type(L, arg) == LUA_TNUMBER) {
+ /* optimization: could be done exactly as for strings */
+ status = status &&
+ fprintf(f, LUA_NUMBER_FMT, lua_tonumber(L, arg)) > 0;
+ }
+ else {
+ size_t l;
+ const char *s = luaL_checklstring(L, arg, &l);
+ status = status && (fwrite(s, sizeof(char), l, f) == l);
+ }
+ }
+ return pushresult(L, status, NULL);
+}
+
+
+static int io_write (lua_State *L) {
+ return g_write(L, getiofile(L, IO_OUTPUT), 1);
+}
+
+
+static int f_write (lua_State *L) {
+ return g_write(L, tofile(L), 2);
+}
+
+
+static int f_seek (lua_State *L) {
+ static const int mode[] = {SEEK_SET, SEEK_CUR, SEEK_END};
+ static const char *const modenames[] = {"set", "cur", "end", NULL};
+ FILE *f = tofile(L);
+ int op = luaL_checkoption(L, 2, "cur", modenames);
+ long offset = luaL_optlong(L, 3, 0);
+ op = fseek(f, offset, mode[op]);
+ if (op)
+ return pushresult(L, 0, NULL); /* error */
+ else {
+ lua_pushinteger(L, ftell(f));
+ return 1;
+ }
+}
+
+
+static int f_setvbuf (lua_State *L) {
+ static const int mode[] = {_IONBF, _IOFBF, _IOLBF};
+ static const char *const modenames[] = {"no", "full", "line", NULL};
+ FILE *f = tofile(L);
+ int op = luaL_checkoption(L, 2, NULL, modenames);
+ lua_Integer sz = luaL_optinteger(L, 3, LUAL_BUFFERSIZE);
+ int res = setvbuf(f, NULL, mode[op], sz);
+ return pushresult(L, res == 0, NULL);
+}
+
+
+
+static int io_flush (lua_State *L) {
+ return pushresult(L, fflush(getiofile(L, IO_OUTPUT)) == 0, NULL);
+}
+
+
+static int f_flush (lua_State *L) {
+ return pushresult(L, fflush(tofile(L)) == 0, NULL);
+}
+
+
+static const luaL_Reg iolib[] = {
+ {"close", io_close},
+ {"flush", io_flush},
+ {"input", io_input},
+ {"lines", io_lines},
+ {"open", io_open},
+ {"output", io_output},
+ {"popen", io_popen},
+ {"read", io_read},
+ {"tmpfile", io_tmpfile},
+ {"type", io_type},
+ {"write", io_write},
+ {NULL, NULL}
+};
+
+
+static const luaL_Reg flib[] = {
+ {"close", io_close},
+ {"flush", f_flush},
+ {"lines", f_lines},
+ {"read", f_read},
+ {"seek", f_seek},
+ {"setvbuf", f_setvbuf},
+ {"write", f_write},
+ {"__gc", io_gc},
+ {"__tostring", io_tostring},
+ {NULL, NULL}
+};
+
+
+static void createmeta (lua_State *L) {
+ luaL_newmetatable(L, LUA_FILEHANDLE); /* create metatable for file handles */
+ lua_pushvalue(L, -1); /* push metatable */
+ lua_setfield(L, -2, "__index"); /* metatable.__index = metatable */
+ luaL_register(L, NULL, flib); /* file methods */
+}
+
+
+static void createstdfile (lua_State *L, FILE *f, int k, const char *fname) {
+ *newfile(L) = f;
+ if (k > 0) {
+ lua_pushvalue(L, -1);
+ lua_rawseti(L, LUA_ENVIRONINDEX, k);
+ }
+ lua_pushvalue(L, -2); /* copy environment */
+ lua_setfenv(L, -2); /* set it */
+ lua_setfield(L, -3, fname);
+}
+
+
+static void newfenv (lua_State *L, lua_CFunction cls) {
+ lua_createtable(L, 0, 1);
+ lua_pushcfunction(L, cls);
+ lua_setfield(L, -2, "__close");
+}
+
+
+LUALIB_API int luaopen_io (lua_State *L) {
+ createmeta(L);
+ /* create (private) environment (with fields IO_INPUT, IO_OUTPUT, __close) */
+ newfenv(L, io_fclose);
+ lua_replace(L, LUA_ENVIRONINDEX);
+ /* open library */
+ luaL_register(L, LUA_IOLIBNAME, iolib);
+ /* create (and set) default files */
+ newfenv(L, io_noclose); /* close function for default files */
+ createstdfile(L, stdin, IO_INPUT, "stdin");
+ createstdfile(L, stdout, IO_OUTPUT, "stdout");
+ createstdfile(L, stderr, 0, "stderr");
+ lua_pop(L, 1); /* pop environment for default files */
+ lua_getfield(L, -1, "popen");
+ newfenv(L, io_pclose); /* create environment for 'popen' */
+ lua_setfenv(L, -2); /* set fenv for 'popen' */
+ lua_pop(L, 1); /* pop 'popen' */
+ return 1;
+}
+
--- /dev/null
+/*
+** $Id: llex.c,v 2.20.1.2 2009/11/23 14:58:22 roberto Exp $
+** Lexical Analyzer
+** See Copyright Notice in lua.h
+*/
+
+
+#include <ctype.h>
+#include <locale.h>
+#include <string.h>
+
+#define llex_c
+#define LUA_CORE
+
+#include "lua.h"
+
+#include "ldo.h"
+#include "llex.h"
+#include "lobject.h"
+#include "lparser.h"
+#include "lstate.h"
+#include "lstring.h"
+#include "ltable.h"
+#include "lzio.h"
+
+
+
+#define next(ls) (ls->current = zgetc(ls->z))
+
+
+
+
+#define currIsNewline(ls) (ls->current == '\n' || ls->current == '\r')
+
+
+/* ORDER RESERVED */
+const char *const luaX_tokens [] = {
+ "and", "break", "do", "else", "elseif",
+ "end", "false", "for", "function", "if",
+ "in", "local", "nil", "not", "or", "repeat",
+ "return", "then", "true", "until", "while",
+ "..", "...", "==", ">=", "<=", "~=",
+ "<number>", "<name>", "<string>", "<eof>",
+ NULL
+};
+
+
+#define save_and_next(ls) (save(ls, ls->current), next(ls))
+
+
+static void save (LexState *ls, int c) {
+ Mbuffer *b = ls->buff;
+ if (b->n + 1 > b->buffsize) {
+ size_t newsize;
+ if (b->buffsize >= MAX_SIZET/2)
+ luaX_lexerror(ls, "lexical element too long", 0);
+ newsize = b->buffsize * 2;
+ luaZ_resizebuffer(ls->L, b, newsize);
+ }
+ b->buffer[b->n++] = cast(char, c);
+}
+
+
+void luaX_init (lua_State *L) {
+ int i;
+ for (i=0; i<NUM_RESERVED; i++) {
+ TString *ts = luaS_new(L, luaX_tokens[i]);
+ luaS_fix(ts); /* reserved words are never collected */
+ lua_assert(strlen(luaX_tokens[i])+1 <= TOKEN_LEN);
+ ts->tsv.reserved = cast_byte(i+1); /* reserved word */
+ }
+}
+
+
+#define MAXSRC 80
+
+
+const char *luaX_token2str (LexState *ls, int token) {
+ if (token < FIRST_RESERVED) {
+ lua_assert(token == cast(unsigned char, token));
+ return (iscntrl(token)) ? luaO_pushfstring(ls->L, "char(%d)", token) :
+ luaO_pushfstring(ls->L, "%c", token);
+ }
+ else
+ return luaX_tokens[token-FIRST_RESERVED];
+}
+
+
+static const char *txtToken (LexState *ls, int token) {
+ switch (token) {
+ case TK_NAME:
+ case TK_STRING:
+ case TK_NUMBER:
+ save(ls, '\0');
+ return luaZ_buffer(ls->buff);
+ default:
+ return luaX_token2str(ls, token);
+ }
+}
+
+
+void luaX_lexerror (LexState *ls, const char *msg, int token) {
+ char buff[MAXSRC];
+ luaO_chunkid(buff, getstr(ls->source), MAXSRC);
+ msg = luaO_pushfstring(ls->L, "%s:%d: %s", buff, ls->linenumber, msg);
+ if (token)
+ luaO_pushfstring(ls->L, "%s near " LUA_QS, msg, txtToken(ls, token));
+ luaD_throw(ls->L, LUA_ERRSYNTAX);
+}
+
+
+void luaX_syntaxerror (LexState *ls, const char *msg) {
+ luaX_lexerror(ls, msg, ls->t.token);
+}
+
+
+TString *luaX_newstring (LexState *ls, const char *str, size_t l) {
+ lua_State *L = ls->L;
+ TString *ts = luaS_newlstr(L, str, l);
+ TValue *o = luaH_setstr(L, ls->fs->h, ts); /* entry for `str' */
+ if (ttisnil(o)) {
+ setbvalue(o, 1); /* make sure `str' will not be collected */
+ luaC_checkGC(L);
+ }
+ return ts;
+}
+
+
+static void inclinenumber (LexState *ls) {
+ int old = ls->current;
+ lua_assert(currIsNewline(ls));
+ next(ls); /* skip `\n' or `\r' */
+ if (currIsNewline(ls) && ls->current != old)
+ next(ls); /* skip `\n\r' or `\r\n' */
+ if (++ls->linenumber >= MAX_INT)
+ luaX_syntaxerror(ls, "chunk has too many lines");
+}
+
+
+void luaX_setinput (lua_State *L, LexState *ls, ZIO *z, TString *source) {
+ ls->decpoint = '.';
+ ls->L = L;
+ ls->lookahead.token = TK_EOS; /* no look-ahead token */
+ ls->z = z;
+ ls->fs = NULL;
+ ls->linenumber = 1;
+ ls->lastline = 1;
+ ls->source = source;
+ luaZ_resizebuffer(ls->L, ls->buff, LUA_MINBUFFER); /* initialize buffer */
+ next(ls); /* read first char */
+}
+
+
+
+/*
+** =======================================================
+** LEXICAL ANALYZER
+** =======================================================
+*/
+
+
+
+static int check_next (LexState *ls, const char *set) {
+ if (!strchr(set, ls->current))
+ return 0;
+ save_and_next(ls);
+ return 1;
+}
+
+
+static void buffreplace (LexState *ls, char from, char to) {
+ size_t n = luaZ_bufflen(ls->buff);
+ char *p = luaZ_buffer(ls->buff);
+ while (n--)
+ if (p[n] == from) p[n] = to;
+}
+
+
+static void trydecpoint (LexState *ls, SemInfo *seminfo) {
+ /* format error: try to update decimal point separator */
+ struct lconv *cv = localeconv();
+ char old = ls->decpoint;
+ ls->decpoint = (cv ? cv->decimal_point[0] : '.');
+ buffreplace(ls, old, ls->decpoint); /* try updated decimal separator */
+ if (!luaO_str2d(luaZ_buffer(ls->buff), &seminfo->r)) {
+ /* format error with correct decimal point: no more options */
+ buffreplace(ls, ls->decpoint, '.'); /* undo change (for error message) */
+ luaX_lexerror(ls, "malformed number", TK_NUMBER);
+ }
+}
+
+
+/* LUA_NUMBER */
+static void read_numeral (LexState *ls, SemInfo *seminfo) {
+ lua_assert(isdigit(ls->current));
+ do {
+ save_and_next(ls);
+ } while (isdigit(ls->current) || ls->current == '.');
+ if (check_next(ls, "Ee")) /* `E'? */
+ check_next(ls, "+-"); /* optional exponent sign */
+ while (isalnum(ls->current) || ls->current == '_')
+ save_and_next(ls);
+ save(ls, '\0');
+ buffreplace(ls, '.', ls->decpoint); /* follow locale for decimal point */
+ if (!luaO_str2d(luaZ_buffer(ls->buff), &seminfo->r)) /* format error? */
+ trydecpoint(ls, seminfo); /* try to update decimal point separator */
+}
+
+
+static int skip_sep (LexState *ls) {
+ int count = 0;
+ int s = ls->current;
+ lua_assert(s == '[' || s == ']');
+ save_and_next(ls);
+ while (ls->current == '=') {
+ save_and_next(ls);
+ count++;
+ }
+ return (ls->current == s) ? count : (-count) - 1;
+}
+
+
+static void read_long_string (LexState *ls, SemInfo *seminfo, int sep) {
+ int cont = 0;
+ (void)(cont); /* avoid warnings when `cont' is not used */
+ save_and_next(ls); /* skip 2nd `[' */
+ if (currIsNewline(ls)) /* string starts with a newline? */
+ inclinenumber(ls); /* skip it */
+ for (;;) {
+ switch (ls->current) {
+ case EOZ:
+ luaX_lexerror(ls, (seminfo) ? "unfinished long string" :
+ "unfinished long comment", TK_EOS);
+ break; /* to avoid warnings */
+#if defined(LUA_COMPAT_LSTR)
+ case '[': {
+ if (skip_sep(ls) == sep) {
+ save_and_next(ls); /* skip 2nd `[' */
+ cont++;
+#if LUA_COMPAT_LSTR == 1
+ if (sep == 0)
+ luaX_lexerror(ls, "nesting of [[...]] is deprecated", '[');
+#endif
+ }
+ break;
+ }
+#endif
+ case ']': {
+ if (skip_sep(ls) == sep) {
+ save_and_next(ls); /* skip 2nd `]' */
+#if defined(LUA_COMPAT_LSTR) && LUA_COMPAT_LSTR == 2
+ cont--;
+ if (sep == 0 && cont >= 0) break;
+#endif
+ goto endloop;
+ }
+ break;
+ }
+ case '\n':
+ case '\r': {
+ save(ls, '\n');
+ inclinenumber(ls);
+ if (!seminfo) luaZ_resetbuffer(ls->buff); /* avoid wasting space */
+ break;
+ }
+ default: {
+ if (seminfo) save_and_next(ls);
+ else next(ls);
+ }
+ }
+ } endloop:
+ if (seminfo)
+ seminfo->ts = luaX_newstring(ls, luaZ_buffer(ls->buff) + (2 + sep),
+ luaZ_bufflen(ls->buff) - 2*(2 + sep));
+}
+
+
+static void read_string (LexState *ls, int del, SemInfo *seminfo) {
+ save_and_next(ls);
+ while (ls->current != del) {
+ switch (ls->current) {
+ case EOZ:
+ luaX_lexerror(ls, "unfinished string", TK_EOS);
+ continue; /* to avoid warnings */
+ case '\n':
+ case '\r':
+ luaX_lexerror(ls, "unfinished string", TK_STRING);
+ continue; /* to avoid warnings */
+ case '\\': {
+ int c;
+ next(ls); /* do not save the `\' */
+ switch (ls->current) {
+ case 'a': c = '\a'; break;
+ case 'b': c = '\b'; break;
+ case 'f': c = '\f'; break;
+ case 'n': c = '\n'; break;
+ case 'r': c = '\r'; break;
+ case 't': c = '\t'; break;
+ case 'v': c = '\v'; break;
+ case '\n': /* go through */
+ case '\r': save(ls, '\n'); inclinenumber(ls); continue;
+ case EOZ: continue; /* will raise an error next loop */
+ default: {
+ if (!isdigit(ls->current))
+ save_and_next(ls); /* handles \\, \", \', and \? */
+ else { /* \xxx */
+ int i = 0;
+ c = 0;
+ do {
+ c = 10*c + (ls->current-'0');
+ next(ls);
+ } while (++i<3 && isdigit(ls->current));
+ if (c > UCHAR_MAX)
+ luaX_lexerror(ls, "escape sequence too large", TK_STRING);
+ save(ls, c);
+ }
+ continue;
+ }
+ }
+ save(ls, c);
+ next(ls);
+ continue;
+ }
+ default:
+ save_and_next(ls);
+ }
+ }
+ save_and_next(ls); /* skip delimiter */
+ seminfo->ts = luaX_newstring(ls, luaZ_buffer(ls->buff) + 1,
+ luaZ_bufflen(ls->buff) - 2);
+}
+
+
+static int llex (LexState *ls, SemInfo *seminfo) {
+ luaZ_resetbuffer(ls->buff);
+ for (;;) {
+ switch (ls->current) {
+ case '\n':
+ case '\r': {
+ inclinenumber(ls);
+ continue;
+ }
+ case '-': {
+ next(ls);
+ if (ls->current != '-') return '-';
+ /* else is a comment */
+ next(ls);
+ if (ls->current == '[') {
+ int sep = skip_sep(ls);
+ luaZ_resetbuffer(ls->buff); /* `skip_sep' may dirty the buffer */
+ if (sep >= 0) {
+ read_long_string(ls, NULL, sep); /* long comment */
+ luaZ_resetbuffer(ls->buff);
+ continue;
+ }
+ }
+ /* else short comment */
+ while (!currIsNewline(ls) && ls->current != EOZ)
+ next(ls);
+ continue;
+ }
+ case '[': {
+ int sep = skip_sep(ls);
+ if (sep >= 0) {
+ read_long_string(ls, seminfo, sep);
+ return TK_STRING;
+ }
+ else if (sep == -1) return '[';
+ else luaX_lexerror(ls, "invalid long string delimiter", TK_STRING);
+ }
+ case '=': {
+ next(ls);
+ if (ls->current != '=') return '=';
+ else { next(ls); return TK_EQ; }
+ }
+ case '<': {
+ next(ls);
+ if (ls->current != '=') return '<';
+ else { next(ls); return TK_LE; }
+ }
+ case '>': {
+ next(ls);
+ if (ls->current != '=') return '>';
+ else { next(ls); return TK_GE; }
+ }
+ case '~': {
+ next(ls);
+ if (ls->current != '=') return '~';
+ else { next(ls); return TK_NE; }
+ }
+ case '"':
+ case '\'': {
+ read_string(ls, ls->current, seminfo);
+ return TK_STRING;
+ }
+ case '.': {
+ save_and_next(ls);
+ if (check_next(ls, ".")) {
+ if (check_next(ls, "."))
+ return TK_DOTS; /* ... */
+ else return TK_CONCAT; /* .. */
+ }
+ else if (!isdigit(ls->current)) return '.';
+ else {
+ read_numeral(ls, seminfo);
+ return TK_NUMBER;
+ }
+ }
+ case EOZ: {
+ return TK_EOS;
+ }
+ default: {
+ if (isspace(ls->current)) {
+ lua_assert(!currIsNewline(ls));
+ next(ls);
+ continue;
+ }
+ else if (isdigit(ls->current)) {
+ read_numeral(ls, seminfo);
+ return TK_NUMBER;
+ }
+ else if (isalpha(ls->current) || ls->current == '_') {
+ /* identifier or reserved word */
+ TString *ts;
+ do {
+ save_and_next(ls);
+ } while (isalnum(ls->current) || ls->current == '_');
+ ts = luaX_newstring(ls, luaZ_buffer(ls->buff),
+ luaZ_bufflen(ls->buff));
+ if (ts->tsv.reserved > 0) /* reserved word? */
+ return ts->tsv.reserved - 1 + FIRST_RESERVED;
+ else {
+ seminfo->ts = ts;
+ return TK_NAME;
+ }
+ }
+ else {
+ int c = ls->current;
+ next(ls);
+ return c; /* single-char tokens (+ - / ...) */
+ }
+ }
+ }
+ }
+}
+
+
+void luaX_next (LexState *ls) {
+ ls->lastline = ls->linenumber;
+ if (ls->lookahead.token != TK_EOS) { /* is there a look-ahead token? */
+ ls->t = ls->lookahead; /* use this one */
+ ls->lookahead.token = TK_EOS; /* and discharge it */
+ }
+ else
+ ls->t.token = llex(ls, &ls->t.seminfo); /* read next token */
+}
+
+
+void luaX_lookahead (LexState *ls) {
+ lua_assert(ls->lookahead.token == TK_EOS);
+ ls->lookahead.token = llex(ls, &ls->lookahead.seminfo);
+}
+
--- /dev/null
+/*
+** $Id: llex.h,v 1.58.1.1 2007/12/27 13:02:25 roberto Exp $
+** Lexical Analyzer
+** See Copyright Notice in lua.h
+*/
+
+#ifndef llex_h
+#define llex_h
+
+#include "lobject.h"
+#include "lzio.h"
+
+
+#define FIRST_RESERVED 257
+
+/* maximum length of a reserved word */
+#define TOKEN_LEN (sizeof("function")/sizeof(char))
+
+
+/*
+* WARNING: if you change the order of this enumeration,
+* grep "ORDER RESERVED"
+*/
+enum RESERVED {
+ /* terminal symbols denoted by reserved words */
+ TK_AND = FIRST_RESERVED, TK_BREAK,
+ TK_DO, TK_ELSE, TK_ELSEIF, TK_END, TK_FALSE, TK_FOR, TK_FUNCTION,
+ TK_IF, TK_IN, TK_LOCAL, TK_NIL, TK_NOT, TK_OR, TK_REPEAT,
+ TK_RETURN, TK_THEN, TK_TRUE, TK_UNTIL, TK_WHILE,
+ /* other terminal symbols */
+ TK_CONCAT, TK_DOTS, TK_EQ, TK_GE, TK_LE, TK_NE, TK_NUMBER,
+ TK_NAME, TK_STRING, TK_EOS
+};
+
+/* number of reserved words */
+#define NUM_RESERVED (cast(int, TK_WHILE-FIRST_RESERVED+1))
+
+
+/* array with token `names' */
+LUAI_DATA const char *const luaX_tokens [];
+
+
+typedef union {
+ lua_Number r;
+ TString *ts;
+} SemInfo; /* semantics information */
+
+
+typedef struct Token {
+ int token;
+ SemInfo seminfo;
+} Token;
+
+
+typedef struct LexState {
+ int current; /* current character (charint) */
+ int linenumber; /* input line counter */
+ int lastline; /* line of last token `consumed' */
+ Token t; /* current token */
+ Token lookahead; /* look ahead token */
+ struct FuncState *fs; /* `FuncState' is private to the parser */
+ struct lua_State *L;
+ ZIO *z; /* input stream */
+ Mbuffer *buff; /* buffer for tokens */
+ TString *source; /* current source name */
+ char decpoint; /* locale decimal point */
+} LexState;
+
+
+LUAI_FUNC void luaX_init (lua_State *L);
+LUAI_FUNC void luaX_setinput (lua_State *L, LexState *ls, ZIO *z,
+ TString *source);
+LUAI_FUNC TString *luaX_newstring (LexState *ls, const char *str, size_t l);
+LUAI_FUNC void luaX_next (LexState *ls);
+LUAI_FUNC void luaX_lookahead (LexState *ls);
+LUAI_FUNC void luaX_lexerror (LexState *ls, const char *msg, int token);
+LUAI_FUNC void luaX_syntaxerror (LexState *ls, const char *s);
+LUAI_FUNC const char *luaX_token2str (LexState *ls, int token);
+
+
+#endif
--- /dev/null
+/*
+** $Id: llimits.h,v 1.69.1.1 2007/12/27 13:02:25 roberto Exp $
+** Limits, basic types, and some other `installation-dependent' definitions
+** See Copyright Notice in lua.h
+*/
+
+#ifndef llimits_h
+#define llimits_h
+
+
+#include <limits.h>
+#include <stddef.h>
+
+
+#include "lua.h"
+
+
+typedef LUAI_UINT32 lu_int32;
+
+typedef LUAI_UMEM lu_mem;
+
+typedef LUAI_MEM l_mem;
+
+
+
+/* chars used as small naturals (so that `char' is reserved for characters) */
+typedef unsigned char lu_byte;
+
+
+#define MAX_SIZET ((size_t)(~(size_t)0)-2)
+
+#define MAX_LUMEM ((lu_mem)(~(lu_mem)0)-2)
+
+
+#define MAX_INT (INT_MAX-2) /* maximum value of an int (-2 for safety) */
+
+/*
+** conversion of pointer to integer
+** this is for hashing only; there is no problem if the integer
+** cannot hold the whole pointer value
+*/
+#define IntPoint(p) ((unsigned int)(lu_mem)(p))
+
+
+
+/* type to ensure maximum alignment */
+typedef LUAI_USER_ALIGNMENT_T L_Umaxalign;
+
+
+/* result of a `usual argument conversion' over lua_Number */
+typedef LUAI_UACNUMBER l_uacNumber;
+
+
+/* internal assertions for in-house debugging */
+#ifdef lua_assert
+
+#define check_exp(c,e) (lua_assert(c), (e))
+#define api_check(l,e) lua_assert(e)
+
+#else
+
+#define lua_assert(c) ((void)0)
+#define check_exp(c,e) (e)
+#define api_check luai_apicheck
+
+#endif
+
+
+#ifndef UNUSED
+#define UNUSED(x) ((void)(x)) /* to avoid warnings */
+#endif
+
+
+#ifndef cast
+#define cast(t, exp) ((t)(exp))
+#endif
+
+#define cast_byte(i) cast(lu_byte, (i))
+#define cast_num(i) cast(lua_Number, (i))
+#define cast_int(i) cast(int, (i))
+
+
+
+/*
+** type for virtual-machine instructions
+** must be an unsigned with (at least) 4 bytes (see details in lopcodes.h)
+*/
+typedef lu_int32 Instruction;
+
+
+
+/* maximum stack for a Lua function */
+#define MAXSTACK 250
+
+
+
+/* minimum size for the string table (must be power of 2) */
+#ifndef MINSTRTABSIZE
+#define MINSTRTABSIZE 32
+#endif
+
+
+/* minimum size for string buffer */
+#ifndef LUA_MINBUFFER
+#define LUA_MINBUFFER 32
+#endif
+
+
+#ifndef lua_lock
+#define lua_lock(L) ((void) 0)
+#define lua_unlock(L) ((void) 0)
+#endif
+
+#ifndef luai_threadyield
+#define luai_threadyield(L) {lua_unlock(L); lua_lock(L);}
+#endif
+
+
+/*
+** macro to control inclusion of some hard tests on stack reallocation
+*/
+#ifndef HARDSTACKTESTS
+#define condhardstacktests(x) ((void)0)
+#else
+#define condhardstacktests(x) x
+#endif
+
+#endif
--- /dev/null
+/*
+** $Id: lmathlib.c,v 1.67.1.1 2007/12/27 13:02:25 roberto Exp $
+** Standard mathematical library
+** See Copyright Notice in lua.h
+*/
+
+
+#include <stdlib.h>
+#include <math.h>
+
+#define lmathlib_c
+#define LUA_LIB
+
+#include "lua.h"
+
+#include "lauxlib.h"
+#include "lualib.h"
+
+
+#undef PI
+#define PI (3.14159265358979323846)
+#define RADIANS_PER_DEGREE (PI/180.0)
+
+
+
+static int math_abs (lua_State *L) {
+ lua_pushnumber(L, fabs(luaL_checknumber(L, 1)));
+ return 1;
+}
+
+static int math_sin (lua_State *L) {
+ lua_pushnumber(L, sin(luaL_checknumber(L, 1)));
+ return 1;
+}
+
+static int math_sinh (lua_State *L) {
+ lua_pushnumber(L, sinh(luaL_checknumber(L, 1)));
+ return 1;
+}
+
+static int math_cos (lua_State *L) {
+ lua_pushnumber(L, cos(luaL_checknumber(L, 1)));
+ return 1;
+}
+
+static int math_cosh (lua_State *L) {
+ lua_pushnumber(L, cosh(luaL_checknumber(L, 1)));
+ return 1;
+}
+
+static int math_tan (lua_State *L) {
+ lua_pushnumber(L, tan(luaL_checknumber(L, 1)));
+ return 1;
+}
+
+static int math_tanh (lua_State *L) {
+ lua_pushnumber(L, tanh(luaL_checknumber(L, 1)));
+ return 1;
+}
+
+static int math_asin (lua_State *L) {
+ lua_pushnumber(L, asin(luaL_checknumber(L, 1)));
+ return 1;
+}
+
+static int math_acos (lua_State *L) {
+ lua_pushnumber(L, acos(luaL_checknumber(L, 1)));
+ return 1;
+}
+
+static int math_atan (lua_State *L) {
+ lua_pushnumber(L, atan(luaL_checknumber(L, 1)));
+ return 1;
+}
+
+static int math_atan2 (lua_State *L) {
+ lua_pushnumber(L, atan2(luaL_checknumber(L, 1), luaL_checknumber(L, 2)));
+ return 1;
+}
+
+static int math_ceil (lua_State *L) {
+ lua_pushnumber(L, ceil(luaL_checknumber(L, 1)));
+ return 1;
+}
+
+static int math_floor (lua_State *L) {
+ lua_pushnumber(L, floor(luaL_checknumber(L, 1)));
+ return 1;
+}
+
+static int math_fmod (lua_State *L) {
+ lua_pushnumber(L, fmod(luaL_checknumber(L, 1), luaL_checknumber(L, 2)));
+ return 1;
+}
+
+static int math_modf (lua_State *L) {
+ double ip;
+ double fp = modf(luaL_checknumber(L, 1), &ip);
+ lua_pushnumber(L, ip);
+ lua_pushnumber(L, fp);
+ return 2;
+}
+
+static int math_sqrt (lua_State *L) {
+ lua_pushnumber(L, sqrt(luaL_checknumber(L, 1)));
+ return 1;
+}
+
+static int math_pow (lua_State *L) {
+ lua_pushnumber(L, pow(luaL_checknumber(L, 1), luaL_checknumber(L, 2)));
+ return 1;
+}
+
+static int math_log (lua_State *L) {
+ lua_pushnumber(L, log(luaL_checknumber(L, 1)));
+ return 1;
+}
+
+static int math_log10 (lua_State *L) {
+ lua_pushnumber(L, log10(luaL_checknumber(L, 1)));
+ return 1;
+}
+
+static int math_exp (lua_State *L) {
+ lua_pushnumber(L, exp(luaL_checknumber(L, 1)));
+ return 1;
+}
+
+static int math_deg (lua_State *L) {
+ lua_pushnumber(L, luaL_checknumber(L, 1)/RADIANS_PER_DEGREE);
+ return 1;
+}
+
+static int math_rad (lua_State *L) {
+ lua_pushnumber(L, luaL_checknumber(L, 1)*RADIANS_PER_DEGREE);
+ return 1;
+}
+
+static int math_frexp (lua_State *L) {
+ int e;
+ lua_pushnumber(L, frexp(luaL_checknumber(L, 1), &e));
+ lua_pushinteger(L, e);
+ return 2;
+}
+
+static int math_ldexp (lua_State *L) {
+ lua_pushnumber(L, ldexp(luaL_checknumber(L, 1), luaL_checkint(L, 2)));
+ return 1;
+}
+
+
+
+static int math_min (lua_State *L) {
+ int n = lua_gettop(L); /* number of arguments */
+ lua_Number dmin = luaL_checknumber(L, 1);
+ int i;
+ for (i=2; i<=n; i++) {
+ lua_Number d = luaL_checknumber(L, i);
+ if (d < dmin)
+ dmin = d;
+ }
+ lua_pushnumber(L, dmin);
+ return 1;
+}
+
+
+static int math_max (lua_State *L) {
+ int n = lua_gettop(L); /* number of arguments */
+ lua_Number dmax = luaL_checknumber(L, 1);
+ int i;
+ for (i=2; i<=n; i++) {
+ lua_Number d = luaL_checknumber(L, i);
+ if (d > dmax)
+ dmax = d;
+ }
+ lua_pushnumber(L, dmax);
+ return 1;
+}
+
+
+static int math_random (lua_State *L) {
+ /* the `%' avoids the (rare) case of r==1, and is needed also because on
+ some systems (SunOS!) `rand()' may return a value larger than RAND_MAX */
+ lua_Number r = (lua_Number)(rand()%RAND_MAX) / (lua_Number)RAND_MAX;
+ switch (lua_gettop(L)) { /* check number of arguments */
+ case 0: { /* no arguments */
+ lua_pushnumber(L, r); /* Number between 0 and 1 */
+ break;
+ }
+ case 1: { /* only upper limit */
+ int u = luaL_checkint(L, 1);
+ luaL_argcheck(L, 1<=u, 1, "interval is empty");
+ lua_pushnumber(L, floor(r*u)+1); /* int between 1 and `u' */
+ break;
+ }
+ case 2: { /* lower and upper limits */
+ int l = luaL_checkint(L, 1);
+ int u = luaL_checkint(L, 2);
+ luaL_argcheck(L, l<=u, 2, "interval is empty");
+ lua_pushnumber(L, floor(r*(u-l+1))+l); /* int between `l' and `u' */
+ break;
+ }
+ default: return luaL_error(L, "wrong number of arguments");
+ }
+ return 1;
+}
+
+
+static int math_randomseed (lua_State *L) {
+ srand(luaL_checkint(L, 1));
+ return 0;
+}
+
+
+static const luaL_Reg mathlib[] = {
+ {"abs", math_abs},
+ {"acos", math_acos},
+ {"asin", math_asin},
+ {"atan2", math_atan2},
+ {"atan", math_atan},
+ {"ceil", math_ceil},
+ {"cosh", math_cosh},
+ {"cos", math_cos},
+ {"deg", math_deg},
+ {"exp", math_exp},
+ {"floor", math_floor},
+ {"fmod", math_fmod},
+ {"frexp", math_frexp},
+ {"ldexp", math_ldexp},
+ {"log10", math_log10},
+ {"log", math_log},
+ {"max", math_max},
+ {"min", math_min},
+ {"modf", math_modf},
+ {"pow", math_pow},
+ {"rad", math_rad},
+ {"random", math_random},
+ {"randomseed", math_randomseed},
+ {"sinh", math_sinh},
+ {"sin", math_sin},
+ {"sqrt", math_sqrt},
+ {"tanh", math_tanh},
+ {"tan", math_tan},
+ {NULL, NULL}
+};
+
+
+/*
+** Open math library
+*/
+LUALIB_API int luaopen_math (lua_State *L) {
+ luaL_register(L, LUA_MATHLIBNAME, mathlib);
+ lua_pushnumber(L, PI);
+ lua_setfield(L, -2, "pi");
+ lua_pushnumber(L, HUGE_VAL);
+ lua_setfield(L, -2, "huge");
+#if defined(LUA_COMPAT_MOD)
+ lua_getfield(L, -1, "fmod");
+ lua_setfield(L, -2, "mod");
+#endif
+ return 1;
+}
+
--- /dev/null
+/*
+** $Id: lmem.c,v 1.70.1.1 2007/12/27 13:02:25 roberto Exp $
+** Interface to Memory Manager
+** See Copyright Notice in lua.h
+*/
+
+
+#include <stddef.h>
+
+#define lmem_c
+#define LUA_CORE
+
+#include "lua.h"
+
+#include "ldebug.h"
+#include "ldo.h"
+#include "lmem.h"
+#include "lobject.h"
+#include "lstate.h"
+
+
+
+/*
+** About the realloc function:
+** void * frealloc (void *ud, void *ptr, size_t osize, size_t nsize);
+** (`osize' is the old size, `nsize' is the new size)
+**
+** Lua ensures that (ptr == NULL) iff (osize == 0).
+**
+** * frealloc(ud, NULL, 0, x) creates a new block of size `x'
+**
+** * frealloc(ud, p, x, 0) frees the block `p'
+** (in this specific case, frealloc must return NULL).
+** particularly, frealloc(ud, NULL, 0, 0) does nothing
+** (which is equivalent to free(NULL) in ANSI C)
+**
+** frealloc returns NULL if it cannot create or reallocate the area
+** (any reallocation to an equal or smaller size cannot fail!)
+*/
+
+
+
+#define MINSIZEARRAY 4
+
+
+void *luaM_growaux_ (lua_State *L, void *block, int *size, size_t size_elems,
+ int limit, const char *errormsg) {
+ void *newblock;
+ int newsize;
+ if (*size >= limit/2) { /* cannot double it? */
+ if (*size >= limit) /* cannot grow even a little? */
+ luaG_runerror(L, errormsg);
+ newsize = limit; /* still have at least one free place */
+ }
+ else {
+ newsize = (*size)*2;
+ if (newsize < MINSIZEARRAY)
+ newsize = MINSIZEARRAY; /* minimum size */
+ }
+ newblock = luaM_reallocv(L, block, *size, newsize, size_elems);
+ *size = newsize; /* update only when everything else is OK */
+ return newblock;
+}
+
+
+void *luaM_toobig (lua_State *L) {
+ luaG_runerror(L, "memory allocation error: block too big");
+ return NULL; /* to avoid warnings */
+}
+
+
+
+/*
+** generic allocation routine.
+*/
+void *luaM_realloc_ (lua_State *L, void *block, size_t osize, size_t nsize) {
+ global_State *g = G(L);
+ lua_assert((osize == 0) == (block == NULL));
+ block = (*g->frealloc)(g->ud, block, osize, nsize);
+ if (block == NULL && nsize > 0)
+ luaD_throw(L, LUA_ERRMEM);
+ lua_assert((nsize == 0) == (block == NULL));
+ g->totalbytes = (g->totalbytes - osize) + nsize;
+ return block;
+}
+
--- /dev/null
+/*
+** $Id: lmem.h,v 1.31.1.1 2007/12/27 13:02:25 roberto Exp $
+** Interface to Memory Manager
+** See Copyright Notice in lua.h
+*/
+
+#ifndef lmem_h
+#define lmem_h
+
+
+#include <stddef.h>
+
+#include "llimits.h"
+#include "lua.h"
+
+#define MEMERRMSG "not enough memory"
+
+
+#define luaM_reallocv(L,b,on,n,e) \
+ ((cast(size_t, (n)+1) <= MAX_SIZET/(e)) ? /* +1 to avoid warnings */ \
+ luaM_realloc_(L, (b), (on)*(e), (n)*(e)) : \
+ luaM_toobig(L))
+
+#define luaM_freemem(L, b, s) luaM_realloc_(L, (b), (s), 0)
+#define luaM_free(L, b) luaM_realloc_(L, (b), sizeof(*(b)), 0)
+#define luaM_freearray(L, b, n, t) luaM_reallocv(L, (b), n, 0, sizeof(t))
+
+#define luaM_malloc(L,t) luaM_realloc_(L, NULL, 0, (t))
+#define luaM_new(L,t) cast(t *, luaM_malloc(L, sizeof(t)))
+#define luaM_newvector(L,n,t) \
+ cast(t *, luaM_reallocv(L, NULL, 0, n, sizeof(t)))
+
+#define luaM_growvector(L,v,nelems,size,t,limit,e) \
+ if ((nelems)+1 > (size)) \
+ ((v)=cast(t *, luaM_growaux_(L,v,&(size),sizeof(t),limit,e)))
+
+#define luaM_reallocvector(L, v,oldn,n,t) \
+ ((v)=cast(t *, luaM_reallocv(L, v, oldn, n, sizeof(t))))
+
+
+LUAI_FUNC void *luaM_realloc_ (lua_State *L, void *block, size_t oldsize,
+ size_t size);
+LUAI_FUNC void *luaM_toobig (lua_State *L);
+LUAI_FUNC void *luaM_growaux_ (lua_State *L, void *block, int *size,
+ size_t size_elem, int limit,
+ const char *errormsg);
+
+#endif
+
--- /dev/null
+/*
+** $Id: loadlib.c,v 1.52.1.4 2009/09/09 13:17:16 roberto Exp $
+** Dynamic library loader for Lua
+** See Copyright Notice in lua.h
+**
+** This module contains an implementation of loadlib for Unix systems
+** that have dlfcn, an implementation for Darwin (Mac OS X), an
+** implementation for Windows, and a stub for other systems.
+*/
+
+
+#include <stdlib.h>
+#include <string.h>
+
+
+#define loadlib_c
+#define LUA_LIB
+
+#include "lua.h"
+
+#include "lauxlib.h"
+#include "lualib.h"
+
+
+/* prefix for open functions in C libraries */
+#define LUA_POF "luaopen_"
+
+/* separator for open functions in C libraries */
+#define LUA_OFSEP "_"
+
+
+#define LIBPREFIX "LOADLIB: "
+
+#define POF LUA_POF
+#define LIB_FAIL "open"
+
+
+/* error codes for ll_loadfunc */
+#define ERRLIB 1
+#define ERRFUNC 2
+
+#define setprogdir(L) ((void)0)
+
+
+static void ll_unloadlib (void *lib);
+static void *ll_load (lua_State *L, const char *path);
+static lua_CFunction ll_sym (lua_State *L, void *lib, const char *sym);
+
+
+
+#if defined(LUA_DL_DLOPEN)
+/*
+** {========================================================================
+** This is an implementation of loadlib based on the dlfcn interface.
+** The dlfcn interface is available in Linux, SunOS, Solaris, IRIX, FreeBSD,
+** NetBSD, AIX 4.2, HPUX 11, and probably most other Unix flavors, at least
+** as an emulation layer on top of native functions.
+** =========================================================================
+*/
+
+#include <dlfcn.h>
+
+static void ll_unloadlib (void *lib) {
+ dlclose(lib);
+}
+
+
+static void *ll_load (lua_State *L, const char *path) {
+ void *lib = dlopen(path, RTLD_NOW);
+ if (lib == NULL) lua_pushstring(L, dlerror());
+ return lib;
+}
+
+
+static lua_CFunction ll_sym (lua_State *L, void *lib, const char *sym) {
+ lua_CFunction f = (lua_CFunction)dlsym(lib, sym);
+ if (f == NULL) lua_pushstring(L, dlerror());
+ return f;
+}
+
+/* }====================================================== */
+
+
+
+#elif defined(LUA_DL_DLL)
+/*
+** {======================================================================
+** This is an implementation of loadlib for Windows using native functions.
+** =======================================================================
+*/
+
+#include <windows.h>
+
+
+#undef setprogdir
+
+static void setprogdir (lua_State *L) {
+ char buff[MAX_PATH + 1];
+ char *lb;
+ DWORD nsize = sizeof(buff)/sizeof(char);
+ DWORD n = GetModuleFileNameA(NULL, buff, nsize);
+ if (n == 0 || n == nsize || (lb = strrchr(buff, '\\')) == NULL)
+ luaL_error(L, "unable to get ModuleFileName");
+ else {
+ *lb = '\0';
+ luaL_gsub(L, lua_tostring(L, -1), LUA_EXECDIR, buff);
+ lua_remove(L, -2); /* remove original string */
+ }
+}
+
+
+static void pusherror (lua_State *L) {
+ int error = GetLastError();
+ char buffer[128];
+ if (FormatMessageA(FORMAT_MESSAGE_IGNORE_INSERTS | FORMAT_MESSAGE_FROM_SYSTEM,
+ NULL, error, 0, buffer, sizeof(buffer), NULL))
+ lua_pushstring(L, buffer);
+ else
+ lua_pushfstring(L, "system error %d\n", error);
+}
+
+static void ll_unloadlib (void *lib) {
+ FreeLibrary((HINSTANCE)lib);
+}
+
+
+static void *ll_load (lua_State *L, const char *path) {
+ HINSTANCE lib = LoadLibraryA(path);
+ if (lib == NULL) pusherror(L);
+ return lib;
+}
+
+
+static lua_CFunction ll_sym (lua_State *L, void *lib, const char *sym) {
+ lua_CFunction f = (lua_CFunction)GetProcAddress((HINSTANCE)lib, sym);
+ if (f == NULL) pusherror(L);
+ return f;
+}
+
+/* }====================================================== */
+
+
+
+#elif defined(LUA_DL_DYLD)
+/*
+** {======================================================================
+** Native Mac OS X / Darwin Implementation
+** =======================================================================
+*/
+
+#include <mach-o/dyld.h>
+
+
+/* Mac appends a `_' before C function names */
+#undef POF
+#define POF "_" LUA_POF
+
+
+static void pusherror (lua_State *L) {
+ const char *err_str;
+ const char *err_file;
+ NSLinkEditErrors err;
+ int err_num;
+ NSLinkEditError(&err, &err_num, &err_file, &err_str);
+ lua_pushstring(L, err_str);
+}
+
+
+static const char *errorfromcode (NSObjectFileImageReturnCode ret) {
+ switch (ret) {
+ case NSObjectFileImageInappropriateFile:
+ return "file is not a bundle";
+ case NSObjectFileImageArch:
+ return "library is for wrong CPU type";
+ case NSObjectFileImageFormat:
+ return "bad format";
+ case NSObjectFileImageAccess:
+ return "cannot access file";
+ case NSObjectFileImageFailure:
+ default:
+ return "unable to load library";
+ }
+}
+
+
+static void ll_unloadlib (void *lib) {
+ NSUnLinkModule((NSModule)lib, NSUNLINKMODULE_OPTION_RESET_LAZY_REFERENCES);
+}
+
+
+static void *ll_load (lua_State *L, const char *path) {
+ NSObjectFileImage img;
+ NSObjectFileImageReturnCode ret;
+ /* this would be a rare case, but prevents crashing if it happens */
+ if(!_dyld_present()) {
+ lua_pushliteral(L, "dyld not present");
+ return NULL;
+ }
+ ret = NSCreateObjectFileImageFromFile(path, &img);
+ if (ret == NSObjectFileImageSuccess) {
+ NSModule mod = NSLinkModule(img, path, NSLINKMODULE_OPTION_PRIVATE |
+ NSLINKMODULE_OPTION_RETURN_ON_ERROR);
+ NSDestroyObjectFileImage(img);
+ if (mod == NULL) pusherror(L);
+ return mod;
+ }
+ lua_pushstring(L, errorfromcode(ret));
+ return NULL;
+}
+
+
+static lua_CFunction ll_sym (lua_State *L, void *lib, const char *sym) {
+ NSSymbol nss = NSLookupSymbolInModule((NSModule)lib, sym);
+ if (nss == NULL) {
+ lua_pushfstring(L, "symbol " LUA_QS " not found", sym);
+ return NULL;
+ }
+ return (lua_CFunction)NSAddressOfSymbol(nss);
+}
+
+/* }====================================================== */
+
+
+
+#else
+/*
+** {======================================================
+** Fallback for other systems
+** =======================================================
+*/
+
+#undef LIB_FAIL
+#define LIB_FAIL "absent"
+
+
+#define DLMSG "dynamic libraries not enabled; check your Lua installation"
+
+
+static void ll_unloadlib (void *lib) {
+ (void)lib; /* to avoid warnings */
+}
+
+
+static void *ll_load (lua_State *L, const char *path) {
+ (void)path; /* to avoid warnings */
+ lua_pushliteral(L, DLMSG);
+ return NULL;
+}
+
+
+static lua_CFunction ll_sym (lua_State *L, void *lib, const char *sym) {
+ (void)lib; (void)sym; /* to avoid warnings */
+ lua_pushliteral(L, DLMSG);
+ return NULL;
+}
+
+/* }====================================================== */
+#endif
+
+
+
+static void **ll_register (lua_State *L, const char *path) {
+ void **plib;
+ lua_pushfstring(L, "%s%s", LIBPREFIX, path);
+ lua_gettable(L, LUA_REGISTRYINDEX); /* check library in registry? */
+ if (!lua_isnil(L, -1)) /* is there an entry? */
+ plib = (void **)lua_touserdata(L, -1);
+ else { /* no entry yet; create one */
+ lua_pop(L, 1);
+ plib = (void **)lua_newuserdata(L, sizeof(const void *));
+ *plib = NULL;
+ luaL_getmetatable(L, "_LOADLIB");
+ lua_setmetatable(L, -2);
+ lua_pushfstring(L, "%s%s", LIBPREFIX, path);
+ lua_pushvalue(L, -2);
+ lua_settable(L, LUA_REGISTRYINDEX);
+ }
+ return plib;
+}
+
+
+/*
+** __gc tag method: calls library's `ll_unloadlib' function with the lib
+** handle
+*/
+static int gctm (lua_State *L) {
+ void **lib = (void **)luaL_checkudata(L, 1, "_LOADLIB");
+ if (*lib) ll_unloadlib(*lib);
+ *lib = NULL; /* mark library as closed */
+ return 0;
+}
+
+
+static int ll_loadfunc (lua_State *L, const char *path, const char *sym) {
+ void **reg = ll_register(L, path);
+ if (*reg == NULL) *reg = ll_load(L, path);
+ if (*reg == NULL)
+ return ERRLIB; /* unable to load library */
+ else {
+ lua_CFunction f = ll_sym(L, *reg, sym);
+ if (f == NULL)
+ return ERRFUNC; /* unable to find function */
+ lua_pushcfunction(L, f);
+ return 0; /* return function */
+ }
+}
+
+
+static int ll_loadlib (lua_State *L) {
+ const char *path = luaL_checkstring(L, 1);
+ const char *init = luaL_checkstring(L, 2);
+ int stat = ll_loadfunc(L, path, init);
+ if (stat == 0) /* no errors? */
+ return 1; /* return the loaded function */
+ else { /* error; error message is on stack top */
+ lua_pushnil(L);
+ lua_insert(L, -2);
+ lua_pushstring(L, (stat == ERRLIB) ? LIB_FAIL : "init");
+ return 3; /* return nil, error message, and where */
+ }
+}
+
+
+
+/*
+** {======================================================
+** 'require' function
+** =======================================================
+*/
+
+
+static int readable (const char *filename) {
+ FILE *f = fopen(filename, "r"); /* try to open file */
+ if (f == NULL) return 0; /* open failed */
+ fclose(f);
+ return 1;
+}
+
+
+static const char *pushnexttemplate (lua_State *L, const char *path) {
+ const char *l;
+ while (*path == *LUA_PATHSEP) path++; /* skip separators */
+ if (*path == '\0') return NULL; /* no more templates */
+ l = strchr(path, *LUA_PATHSEP); /* find next separator */
+ if (l == NULL) l = path + strlen(path);
+ lua_pushlstring(L, path, l - path); /* template */
+ return l;
+}
+
+
+static const char *findfile (lua_State *L, const char *name,
+ const char *pname) {
+ const char *path;
+ name = luaL_gsub(L, name, ".", LUA_DIRSEP);
+ lua_getfield(L, LUA_ENVIRONINDEX, pname);
+ path = lua_tostring(L, -1);
+ if (path == NULL)
+ luaL_error(L, LUA_QL("package.%s") " must be a string", pname);
+ lua_pushliteral(L, ""); /* error accumulator */
+ while ((path = pushnexttemplate(L, path)) != NULL) {
+ const char *filename;
+ filename = luaL_gsub(L, lua_tostring(L, -1), LUA_PATH_MARK, name);
+ lua_remove(L, -2); /* remove path template */
+ if (readable(filename)) /* does file exist and is readable? */
+ return filename; /* return that file name */
+ lua_pushfstring(L, "\n\tno file " LUA_QS, filename);
+ lua_remove(L, -2); /* remove file name */
+ lua_concat(L, 2); /* add entry to possible error message */
+ }
+ return NULL; /* not found */
+}
+
+
+static void loaderror (lua_State *L, const char *filename) {
+ luaL_error(L, "error loading module " LUA_QS " from file " LUA_QS ":\n\t%s",
+ lua_tostring(L, 1), filename, lua_tostring(L, -1));
+}
+
+
+static int loader_Lua (lua_State *L) {
+ const char *filename;
+ const char *name = luaL_checkstring(L, 1);
+ filename = findfile(L, name, "path");
+ if (filename == NULL) return 1; /* library not found in this path */
+ if (luaL_loadfile(L, filename) != 0)
+ loaderror(L, filename);
+ return 1; /* library loaded successfully */
+}
+
+
+static const char *mkfuncname (lua_State *L, const char *modname) {
+ const char *funcname;
+ const char *mark = strchr(modname, *LUA_IGMARK);
+ if (mark) modname = mark + 1;
+ funcname = luaL_gsub(L, modname, ".", LUA_OFSEP);
+ funcname = lua_pushfstring(L, POF"%s", funcname);
+ lua_remove(L, -2); /* remove 'gsub' result */
+ return funcname;
+}
+
+
+static int loader_C (lua_State *L) {
+ const char *funcname;
+ const char *name = luaL_checkstring(L, 1);
+ const char *filename = findfile(L, name, "cpath");
+ if (filename == NULL) return 1; /* library not found in this path */
+ funcname = mkfuncname(L, name);
+ if (ll_loadfunc(L, filename, funcname) != 0)
+ loaderror(L, filename);
+ return 1; /* library loaded successfully */
+}
+
+
+static int loader_Croot (lua_State *L) {
+ const char *funcname;
+ const char *filename;
+ const char *name = luaL_checkstring(L, 1);
+ const char *p = strchr(name, '.');
+ int stat;
+ if (p == NULL) return 0; /* is root */
+ lua_pushlstring(L, name, p - name);
+ filename = findfile(L, lua_tostring(L, -1), "cpath");
+ if (filename == NULL) return 1; /* root not found */
+ funcname = mkfuncname(L, name);
+ if ((stat = ll_loadfunc(L, filename, funcname)) != 0) {
+ if (stat != ERRFUNC) loaderror(L, filename); /* real error */
+ lua_pushfstring(L, "\n\tno module " LUA_QS " in file " LUA_QS,
+ name, filename);
+ return 1; /* function not found */
+ }
+ return 1;
+}
+
+
+static int loader_preload (lua_State *L) {
+ const char *name = luaL_checkstring(L, 1);
+ lua_getfield(L, LUA_ENVIRONINDEX, "preload");
+ if (!lua_istable(L, -1))
+ luaL_error(L, LUA_QL("package.preload") " must be a table");
+ lua_getfield(L, -1, name);
+ if (lua_isnil(L, -1)) /* not found? */
+ lua_pushfstring(L, "\n\tno field package.preload['%s']", name);
+ return 1;
+}
+
+
+static const int sentinel_ = 0;
+#define sentinel ((void *)&sentinel_)
+
+
+static int ll_require (lua_State *L) {
+ const char *name = luaL_checkstring(L, 1);
+ int i;
+ lua_settop(L, 1); /* _LOADED table will be at index 2 */
+ lua_getfield(L, LUA_REGISTRYINDEX, "_LOADED");
+ lua_getfield(L, 2, name);
+ if (lua_toboolean(L, -1)) { /* is it there? */
+ if (lua_touserdata(L, -1) == sentinel) /* check loops */
+ luaL_error(L, "loop or previous error loading module " LUA_QS, name);
+ return 1; /* package is already loaded */
+ }
+ /* else must load it; iterate over available loaders */
+ lua_getfield(L, LUA_ENVIRONINDEX, "loaders");
+ if (!lua_istable(L, -1))
+ luaL_error(L, LUA_QL("package.loaders") " must be a table");
+ lua_pushliteral(L, ""); /* error message accumulator */
+ for (i=1; ; i++) {
+ lua_rawgeti(L, -2, i); /* get a loader */
+ if (lua_isnil(L, -1))
+ luaL_error(L, "module " LUA_QS " not found:%s",
+ name, lua_tostring(L, -2));
+ lua_pushstring(L, name);
+ lua_call(L, 1, 1); /* call it */
+ if (lua_isfunction(L, -1)) /* did it find module? */
+ break; /* module loaded successfully */
+ else if (lua_isstring(L, -1)) /* loader returned error message? */
+ lua_concat(L, 2); /* accumulate it */
+ else
+ lua_pop(L, 1);
+ }
+ lua_pushlightuserdata(L, sentinel);
+ lua_setfield(L, 2, name); /* _LOADED[name] = sentinel */
+ lua_pushstring(L, name); /* pass name as argument to module */
+ lua_call(L, 1, 1); /* run loaded module */
+ if (!lua_isnil(L, -1)) /* non-nil return? */
+ lua_setfield(L, 2, name); /* _LOADED[name] = returned value */
+ lua_getfield(L, 2, name);
+ if (lua_touserdata(L, -1) == sentinel) { /* module did not set a value? */
+ lua_pushboolean(L, 1); /* use true as result */
+ lua_pushvalue(L, -1); /* extra copy to be returned */
+ lua_setfield(L, 2, name); /* _LOADED[name] = true */
+ }
+ return 1;
+}
+
+/* }====================================================== */
+
+
+
+/*
+** {======================================================
+** 'module' function
+** =======================================================
+*/
+
+
+static void setfenv (lua_State *L) {
+ lua_Debug ar;
+ if (lua_getstack(L, 1, &ar) == 0 ||
+ lua_getinfo(L, "f", &ar) == 0 || /* get calling function */
+ lua_iscfunction(L, -1))
+ luaL_error(L, LUA_QL("module") " not called from a Lua function");
+ lua_pushvalue(L, -2);
+ lua_setfenv(L, -2);
+ lua_pop(L, 1);
+}
+
+
+static void dooptions (lua_State *L, int n) {
+ int i;
+ for (i = 2; i <= n; i++) {
+ lua_pushvalue(L, i); /* get option (a function) */
+ lua_pushvalue(L, -2); /* module */
+ lua_call(L, 1, 0);
+ }
+}
+
+
+static void modinit (lua_State *L, const char *modname) {
+ const char *dot;
+ lua_pushvalue(L, -1);
+ lua_setfield(L, -2, "_M"); /* module._M = module */
+ lua_pushstring(L, modname);
+ lua_setfield(L, -2, "_NAME");
+ dot = strrchr(modname, '.'); /* look for last dot in module name */
+ if (dot == NULL) dot = modname;
+ else dot++;
+ /* set _PACKAGE as package name (full module name minus last part) */
+ lua_pushlstring(L, modname, dot - modname);
+ lua_setfield(L, -2, "_PACKAGE");
+}
+
+
+static int ll_module (lua_State *L) {
+ const char *modname = luaL_checkstring(L, 1);
+ int loaded = lua_gettop(L) + 1; /* index of _LOADED table */
+ lua_getfield(L, LUA_REGISTRYINDEX, "_LOADED");
+ lua_getfield(L, loaded, modname); /* get _LOADED[modname] */
+ if (!lua_istable(L, -1)) { /* not found? */
+ lua_pop(L, 1); /* remove previous result */
+ /* try global variable (and create one if it does not exist) */
+ if (luaL_findtable(L, LUA_GLOBALSINDEX, modname, 1) != NULL)
+ return luaL_error(L, "name conflict for module " LUA_QS, modname);
+ lua_pushvalue(L, -1);
+ lua_setfield(L, loaded, modname); /* _LOADED[modname] = new table */
+ }
+ /* check whether table already has a _NAME field */
+ lua_getfield(L, -1, "_NAME");
+ if (!lua_isnil(L, -1)) /* is table an initialized module? */
+ lua_pop(L, 1);
+ else { /* no; initialize it */
+ lua_pop(L, 1);
+ modinit(L, modname);
+ }
+ lua_pushvalue(L, -1);
+ setfenv(L);
+ dooptions(L, loaded - 1);
+ return 0;
+}
+
+
+static int ll_seeall (lua_State *L) {
+ luaL_checktype(L, 1, LUA_TTABLE);
+ if (!lua_getmetatable(L, 1)) {
+ lua_createtable(L, 0, 1); /* create new metatable */
+ lua_pushvalue(L, -1);
+ lua_setmetatable(L, 1);
+ }
+ lua_pushvalue(L, LUA_GLOBALSINDEX);
+ lua_setfield(L, -2, "__index"); /* mt.__index = _G */
+ return 0;
+}
+
+
+/* }====================================================== */
+
+
+
+/* auxiliary mark (for internal use) */
+#define AUXMARK "\1"
+
+static void setpath (lua_State *L, const char *fieldname, const char *envname,
+ const char *def) {
+ const char *path = getenv(envname);
+ if (path == NULL) /* no environment variable? */
+ lua_pushstring(L, def); /* use default */
+ else {
+ /* replace ";;" by ";AUXMARK;" and then AUXMARK by default path */
+ path = luaL_gsub(L, path, LUA_PATHSEP LUA_PATHSEP,
+ LUA_PATHSEP AUXMARK LUA_PATHSEP);
+ luaL_gsub(L, path, AUXMARK, def);
+ lua_remove(L, -2);
+ }
+ setprogdir(L);
+ lua_setfield(L, -2, fieldname);
+}
+
+
+static const luaL_Reg pk_funcs[] = {
+ {"loadlib", ll_loadlib},
+ {"seeall", ll_seeall},
+ {NULL, NULL}
+};
+
+
+static const luaL_Reg ll_funcs[] = {
+ {"module", ll_module},
+ {"require", ll_require},
+ {NULL, NULL}
+};
+
+
+static const lua_CFunction loaders[] =
+ {loader_preload, loader_Lua, loader_C, loader_Croot, NULL};
+
+
+LUALIB_API int luaopen_package (lua_State *L) {
+ int i;
+ /* create new type _LOADLIB */
+ luaL_newmetatable(L, "_LOADLIB");
+ lua_pushcfunction(L, gctm);
+ lua_setfield(L, -2, "__gc");
+ /* create `package' table */
+ luaL_register(L, LUA_LOADLIBNAME, pk_funcs);
+#if defined(LUA_COMPAT_LOADLIB)
+ lua_getfield(L, -1, "loadlib");
+ lua_setfield(L, LUA_GLOBALSINDEX, "loadlib");
+#endif
+ lua_pushvalue(L, -1);
+ lua_replace(L, LUA_ENVIRONINDEX);
+ /* create `loaders' table */
+ lua_createtable(L, sizeof(loaders)/sizeof(loaders[0]) - 1, 0);
+ /* fill it with pre-defined loaders */
+ for (i=0; loaders[i] != NULL; i++) {
+ lua_pushcfunction(L, loaders[i]);
+ lua_rawseti(L, -2, i+1);
+ }
+ lua_setfield(L, -2, "loaders"); /* put it in field `loaders' */
+ setpath(L, "path", LUA_PATH, LUA_PATH_DEFAULT); /* set field `path' */
+ setpath(L, "cpath", LUA_CPATH, LUA_CPATH_DEFAULT); /* set field `cpath' */
+ /* store config information */
+ lua_pushliteral(L, LUA_DIRSEP "\n" LUA_PATHSEP "\n" LUA_PATH_MARK "\n"
+ LUA_EXECDIR "\n" LUA_IGMARK);
+ lua_setfield(L, -2, "config");
+ /* set field `loaded' */
+ luaL_findtable(L, LUA_REGISTRYINDEX, "_LOADED", 2);
+ lua_setfield(L, -2, "loaded");
+ /* set field `preload' */
+ lua_newtable(L);
+ lua_setfield(L, -2, "preload");
+ lua_pushvalue(L, LUA_GLOBALSINDEX);
+ luaL_register(L, NULL, ll_funcs); /* open lib into global table */
+ lua_pop(L, 1);
+ return 1; /* return 'package' table */
+}
+
--- /dev/null
+/*
+** $Id: lobject.c,v 2.22.1.1 2007/12/27 13:02:25 roberto Exp $
+** Some generic functions over Lua objects
+** See Copyright Notice in lua.h
+*/
+
+#include <ctype.h>
+#include <stdarg.h>
+#include <stdio.h>
+#include <stdlib.h>
+#include <string.h>
+
+#define lobject_c
+#define LUA_CORE
+
+#include "lua.h"
+
+#include "ldo.h"
+#include "lmem.h"
+#include "lobject.h"
+#include "lstate.h"
+#include "lstring.h"
+#include "lvm.h"
+
+
+
+const TValue luaO_nilobject_ = {{NULL}, LUA_TNIL};
+
+
+/*
+** converts an integer to a "floating point byte", represented as
+** (eeeeexxx), where the real value is (1xxx) * 2^(eeeee - 1) if
+** eeeee != 0 and (xxx) otherwise.
+*/
+int luaO_int2fb (unsigned int x) {
+ int e = 0; /* expoent */
+ while (x >= 16) {
+ x = (x+1) >> 1;
+ e++;
+ }
+ if (x < 8) return x;
+ else return ((e+1) << 3) | (cast_int(x) - 8);
+}
+
+
+/* converts back */
+int luaO_fb2int (int x) {
+ int e = (x >> 3) & 31;
+ if (e == 0) return x;
+ else return ((x & 7)+8) << (e - 1);
+}
+
+
+int luaO_log2 (unsigned int x) {
+ static const lu_byte log_2[256] = {
+ 0,1,2,2,3,3,3,3,4,4,4,4,4,4,4,4,5,5,5,5,5,5,5,5,5,5,5,5,5,5,5,5,
+ 6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,
+ 7,7,7,7,7,7,7,7,7,7,7,7,7,7,7,7,7,7,7,7,7,7,7,7,7,7,7,7,7,7,7,7,
+ 7,7,7,7,7,7,7,7,7,7,7,7,7,7,7,7,7,7,7,7,7,7,7,7,7,7,7,7,7,7,7,7,
+ 8,8,8,8,8,8,8,8,8,8,8,8,8,8,8,8,8,8,8,8,8,8,8,8,8,8,8,8,8,8,8,8,
+ 8,8,8,8,8,8,8,8,8,8,8,8,8,8,8,8,8,8,8,8,8,8,8,8,8,8,8,8,8,8,8,8,
+ 8,8,8,8,8,8,8,8,8,8,8,8,8,8,8,8,8,8,8,8,8,8,8,8,8,8,8,8,8,8,8,8,
+ 8,8,8,8,8,8,8,8,8,8,8,8,8,8,8,8,8,8,8,8,8,8,8,8,8,8,8,8,8,8,8,8
+ };
+ int l = -1;
+ while (x >= 256) { l += 8; x >>= 8; }
+ return l + log_2[x];
+
+}
+
+
+int luaO_rawequalObj (const TValue *t1, const TValue *t2) {
+ if (ttype(t1) != ttype(t2)) return 0;
+ else switch (ttype(t1)) {
+ case LUA_TNIL:
+ return 1;
+ case LUA_TNUMBER:
+ return luai_numeq(nvalue(t1), nvalue(t2));
+ case LUA_TBOOLEAN:
+ return bvalue(t1) == bvalue(t2); /* boolean true must be 1 !! */
+ case LUA_TLIGHTUSERDATA:
+ return pvalue(t1) == pvalue(t2);
+ default:
+ lua_assert(iscollectable(t1));
+ return gcvalue(t1) == gcvalue(t2);
+ }
+}
+
+
+int luaO_str2d (const char *s, lua_Number *result) {
+ char *endptr;
+ *result = lua_str2number(s, &endptr);
+ if (endptr == s) return 0; /* conversion failed */
+ if (*endptr == 'x' || *endptr == 'X') /* maybe an hexadecimal constant? */
+ *result = cast_num(strtoul(s, &endptr, 16));
+ if (*endptr == '\0') return 1; /* most common case */
+ while (isspace(cast(unsigned char, *endptr))) endptr++;
+ if (*endptr != '\0') return 0; /* invalid trailing characters? */
+ return 1;
+}
+
+
+
+static void pushstr (lua_State *L, const char *str) {
+ setsvalue2s(L, L->top, luaS_new(L, str));
+ incr_top(L);
+}
+
+
+/* this function handles only `%d', `%c', %f, %p, and `%s' formats */
+const char *luaO_pushvfstring (lua_State *L, const char *fmt, va_list argp) {
+ int n = 1;
+ pushstr(L, "");
+ for (;;) {
+ const char *e = strchr(fmt, '%');
+ if (e == NULL) break;
+ setsvalue2s(L, L->top, luaS_newlstr(L, fmt, e-fmt));
+ incr_top(L);
+ switch (*(e+1)) {
+ case 's': {
+ const char *s = va_arg(argp, char *);
+ if (s == NULL) s = "(null)";
+ pushstr(L, s);
+ break;
+ }
+ case 'c': {
+ char buff[2];
+ buff[0] = cast(char, va_arg(argp, int));
+ buff[1] = '\0';
+ pushstr(L, buff);
+ break;
+ }
+ case 'd': {
+ setnvalue(L->top, cast_num(va_arg(argp, int)));
+ incr_top(L);
+ break;
+ }
+ case 'f': {
+ setnvalue(L->top, cast_num(va_arg(argp, l_uacNumber)));
+ incr_top(L);
+ break;
+ }
+ case 'p': {
+ char buff[4*sizeof(void *) + 8]; /* should be enough space for a `%p' */
+ sprintf(buff, "%p", va_arg(argp, void *));
+ pushstr(L, buff);
+ break;
+ }
+ case '%': {
+ pushstr(L, "%");
+ break;
+ }
+ default: {
+ char buff[3];
+ buff[0] = '%';
+ buff[1] = *(e+1);
+ buff[2] = '\0';
+ pushstr(L, buff);
+ break;
+ }
+ }
+ n += 2;
+ fmt = e+2;
+ }
+ pushstr(L, fmt);
+ luaV_concat(L, n+1, cast_int(L->top - L->base) - 1);
+ L->top -= n;
+ return svalue(L->top - 1);
+}
+
+
+const char *luaO_pushfstring (lua_State *L, const char *fmt, ...) {
+ const char *msg;
+ va_list argp;
+ va_start(argp, fmt);
+ msg = luaO_pushvfstring(L, fmt, argp);
+ va_end(argp);
+ return msg;
+}
+
+
+void luaO_chunkid (char *out, const char *source, size_t bufflen) {
+ if (*source == '=') {
+ strncpy(out, source+1, bufflen); /* remove first char */
+ out[bufflen-1] = '\0'; /* ensures null termination */
+ }
+ else { /* out = "source", or "...source" */
+ if (*source == '@') {
+ size_t l;
+ source++; /* skip the `@' */
+ bufflen -= sizeof(" '...' ");
+ l = strlen(source);
+ strcpy(out, "");
+ if (l > bufflen) {
+ source += (l-bufflen); /* get last part of file name */
+ strcat(out, "...");
+ }
+ strcat(out, source);
+ }
+ else { /* out = [string "string"] */
+ size_t len = strcspn(source, "\n\r"); /* stop at first newline */
+ bufflen -= sizeof(" [string \"...\"] ");
+ if (len > bufflen) len = bufflen;
+ strcpy(out, "[string \"");
+ if (source[len] != '\0') { /* must truncate? */
+ strncat(out, source, len);
+ strcat(out, "...");
+ }
+ else
+ strcat(out, source);
+ strcat(out, "\"]");
+ }
+ }
+}
--- /dev/null
+/*
+** $Id: lobject.h,v 2.20.1.2 2008/08/06 13:29:48 roberto Exp $
+** Type definitions for Lua objects
+** See Copyright Notice in lua.h
+*/
+
+
+#ifndef lobject_h
+#define lobject_h
+
+
+#include <stdarg.h>
+
+
+#include "llimits.h"
+#include "lua.h"
+
+
+/* tags for values visible from Lua */
+#define LAST_TAG LUA_TTHREAD
+
+#define NUM_TAGS (LAST_TAG+1)
+
+
+/*
+** Extra tags for non-values
+*/
+#define LUA_TPROTO (LAST_TAG+1)
+#define LUA_TUPVAL (LAST_TAG+2)
+#define LUA_TDEADKEY (LAST_TAG+3)
+
+
+/*
+** Union of all collectable objects
+*/
+typedef union GCObject GCObject;
+
+
+/*
+** Common Header for all collectable objects (in macro form, to be
+** included in other objects)
+*/
+#define CommonHeader GCObject *next; lu_byte tt; lu_byte marked
+
+
+/*
+** Common header in struct form
+*/
+typedef struct GCheader {
+ CommonHeader;
+} GCheader;
+
+
+
+
+/*
+** Union of all Lua values
+*/
+typedef union {
+ GCObject *gc;
+ void *p;
+ lua_Number n;
+ int b;
+} Value;
+
+
+/*
+** Tagged Values
+*/
+
+#define TValuefields Value value; int tt
+
+typedef struct lua_TValue {
+ TValuefields;
+} TValue;
+
+
+/* Macros to test type */
+#define ttisnil(o) (ttype(o) == LUA_TNIL)
+#define ttisnumber(o) (ttype(o) == LUA_TNUMBER)
+#define ttisstring(o) (ttype(o) == LUA_TSTRING)
+#define ttistable(o) (ttype(o) == LUA_TTABLE)
+#define ttisfunction(o) (ttype(o) == LUA_TFUNCTION)
+#define ttisboolean(o) (ttype(o) == LUA_TBOOLEAN)
+#define ttisuserdata(o) (ttype(o) == LUA_TUSERDATA)
+#define ttisthread(o) (ttype(o) == LUA_TTHREAD)
+#define ttislightuserdata(o) (ttype(o) == LUA_TLIGHTUSERDATA)
+
+/* Macros to access values */
+#define ttype(o) ((o)->tt)
+#define gcvalue(o) check_exp(iscollectable(o), (o)->value.gc)
+#define pvalue(o) check_exp(ttislightuserdata(o), (o)->value.p)
+#define nvalue(o) check_exp(ttisnumber(o), (o)->value.n)
+#define rawtsvalue(o) check_exp(ttisstring(o), &(o)->value.gc->ts)
+#define tsvalue(o) (&rawtsvalue(o)->tsv)
+#define rawuvalue(o) check_exp(ttisuserdata(o), &(o)->value.gc->u)
+#define uvalue(o) (&rawuvalue(o)->uv)
+#define clvalue(o) check_exp(ttisfunction(o), &(o)->value.gc->cl)
+#define hvalue(o) check_exp(ttistable(o), &(o)->value.gc->h)
+#define bvalue(o) check_exp(ttisboolean(o), (o)->value.b)
+#define thvalue(o) check_exp(ttisthread(o), &(o)->value.gc->th)
+
+#define l_isfalse(o) (ttisnil(o) || (ttisboolean(o) && bvalue(o) == 0))
+
+/*
+** for internal debug only
+*/
+#define checkconsistency(obj) \
+ lua_assert(!iscollectable(obj) || (ttype(obj) == (obj)->value.gc->gch.tt))
+
+#define checkliveness(g,obj) \
+ lua_assert(!iscollectable(obj) || \
+ ((ttype(obj) == (obj)->value.gc->gch.tt) && !isdead(g, (obj)->value.gc)))
+
+
+/* Macros to set values */
+#define setnilvalue(obj) ((obj)->tt=LUA_TNIL)
+
+#define setnvalue(obj,x) \
+ { TValue *i_o=(obj); i_o->value.n=(x); i_o->tt=LUA_TNUMBER; }
+
+#define setpvalue(obj,x) \
+ { TValue *i_o=(obj); i_o->value.p=(x); i_o->tt=LUA_TLIGHTUSERDATA; }
+
+#define setbvalue(obj,x) \
+ { TValue *i_o=(obj); i_o->value.b=(x); i_o->tt=LUA_TBOOLEAN; }
+
+#define setsvalue(L,obj,x) \
+ { TValue *i_o=(obj); \
+ i_o->value.gc=cast(GCObject *, (x)); i_o->tt=LUA_TSTRING; \
+ checkliveness(G(L),i_o); }
+
+#define setuvalue(L,obj,x) \
+ { TValue *i_o=(obj); \
+ i_o->value.gc=cast(GCObject *, (x)); i_o->tt=LUA_TUSERDATA; \
+ checkliveness(G(L),i_o); }
+
+#define setthvalue(L,obj,x) \
+ { TValue *i_o=(obj); \
+ i_o->value.gc=cast(GCObject *, (x)); i_o->tt=LUA_TTHREAD; \
+ checkliveness(G(L),i_o); }
+
+#define setclvalue(L,obj,x) \
+ { TValue *i_o=(obj); \
+ i_o->value.gc=cast(GCObject *, (x)); i_o->tt=LUA_TFUNCTION; \
+ checkliveness(G(L),i_o); }
+
+#define sethvalue(L,obj,x) \
+ { TValue *i_o=(obj); \
+ i_o->value.gc=cast(GCObject *, (x)); i_o->tt=LUA_TTABLE; \
+ checkliveness(G(L),i_o); }
+
+#define setptvalue(L,obj,x) \
+ { TValue *i_o=(obj); \
+ i_o->value.gc=cast(GCObject *, (x)); i_o->tt=LUA_TPROTO; \
+ checkliveness(G(L),i_o); }
+
+
+
+
+#define setobj(L,obj1,obj2) \
+ { const TValue *o2=(obj2); TValue *o1=(obj1); \
+ o1->value = o2->value; o1->tt=o2->tt; \
+ checkliveness(G(L),o1); }
+
+
+/*
+** different types of sets, according to destination
+*/
+
+/* from stack to (same) stack */
+#define setobjs2s setobj
+/* to stack (not from same stack) */
+#define setobj2s setobj
+#define setsvalue2s setsvalue
+#define sethvalue2s sethvalue
+#define setptvalue2s setptvalue
+/* from table to same table */
+#define setobjt2t setobj
+/* to table */
+#define setobj2t setobj
+/* to new object */
+#define setobj2n setobj
+#define setsvalue2n setsvalue
+
+#define setttype(obj, tt) (ttype(obj) = (tt))
+
+
+#define iscollectable(o) (ttype(o) >= LUA_TSTRING)
+
+
+
+typedef TValue *StkId; /* index to stack elements */
+
+
+/*
+** String headers for string table
+*/
+typedef union TString {
+ L_Umaxalign dummy; /* ensures maximum alignment for strings */
+ struct {
+ CommonHeader;
+ lu_byte reserved;
+ unsigned int hash;
+ size_t len;
+ } tsv;
+} TString;
+
+
+#define getstr(ts) cast(const char *, (ts) + 1)
+#define svalue(o) getstr(rawtsvalue(o))
+
+
+
+typedef union Udata {
+ L_Umaxalign dummy; /* ensures maximum alignment for `local' udata */
+ struct {
+ CommonHeader;
+ struct Table *metatable;
+ struct Table *env;
+ size_t len;
+ } uv;
+} Udata;
+
+
+
+
+/*
+** Function Prototypes
+*/
+typedef struct Proto {
+ CommonHeader;
+ TValue *k; /* constants used by the function */
+ Instruction *code;
+ struct Proto **p; /* functions defined inside the function */
+ int *lineinfo; /* map from opcodes to source lines */
+ struct LocVar *locvars; /* information about local variables */
+ TString **upvalues; /* upvalue names */
+ TString *source;
+ int sizeupvalues;
+ int sizek; /* size of `k' */
+ int sizecode;
+ int sizelineinfo;
+ int sizep; /* size of `p' */
+ int sizelocvars;
+ int linedefined;
+ int lastlinedefined;
+ GCObject *gclist;
+ lu_byte nups; /* number of upvalues */
+ lu_byte numparams;
+ lu_byte is_vararg;
+ lu_byte maxstacksize;
+} Proto;
+
+
+/* masks for new-style vararg */
+#define VARARG_HASARG 1
+#define VARARG_ISVARARG 2
+#define VARARG_NEEDSARG 4
+
+
+typedef struct LocVar {
+ TString *varname;
+ int startpc; /* first point where variable is active */
+ int endpc; /* first point where variable is dead */
+} LocVar;
+
+
+
+/*
+** Upvalues
+*/
+
+typedef struct UpVal {
+ CommonHeader;
+ TValue *v; /* points to stack or to its own value */
+ union {
+ TValue value; /* the value (when closed) */
+ struct { /* double linked list (when open) */
+ struct UpVal *prev;
+ struct UpVal *next;
+ } l;
+ } u;
+} UpVal;
+
+
+/*
+** Closures
+*/
+
+#define ClosureHeader \
+ CommonHeader; lu_byte isC; lu_byte nupvalues; GCObject *gclist; \
+ struct Table *env
+
+typedef struct CClosure {
+ ClosureHeader;
+ lua_CFunction f;
+ TValue upvalue[1];
+} CClosure;
+
+
+typedef struct LClosure {
+ ClosureHeader;
+ struct Proto *p;
+ UpVal *upvals[1];
+} LClosure;
+
+
+typedef union Closure {
+ CClosure c;
+ LClosure l;
+} Closure;
+
+
+#define iscfunction(o) (ttype(o) == LUA_TFUNCTION && clvalue(o)->c.isC)
+#define isLfunction(o) (ttype(o) == LUA_TFUNCTION && !clvalue(o)->c.isC)
+
+
+/*
+** Tables
+*/
+
+typedef union TKey {
+ struct {
+ TValuefields;
+ struct Node *next; /* for chaining */
+ } nk;
+ TValue tvk;
+} TKey;
+
+
+typedef struct Node {
+ TValue i_val;
+ TKey i_key;
+} Node;
+
+
+typedef struct Table {
+ CommonHeader;
+ lu_byte flags; /* 1<<p means tagmethod(p) is not present */
+ lu_byte lsizenode; /* log2 of size of `node' array */
+ struct Table *metatable;
+ TValue *array; /* array part */
+ Node *node;
+ Node *lastfree; /* any free position is before this position */
+ GCObject *gclist;
+ int sizearray; /* size of `array' array */
+} Table;
+
+
+
+/*
+** `module' operation for hashing (size is always a power of 2)
+*/
+#define lmod(s,size) \
+ (check_exp((size&(size-1))==0, (cast(int, (s) & ((size)-1)))))
+
+
+#define twoto(x) (1<<(x))
+#define sizenode(t) (twoto((t)->lsizenode))
+
+
+#define luaO_nilobject (&luaO_nilobject_)
+
+LUAI_DATA const TValue luaO_nilobject_;
+
+#define ceillog2(x) (luaO_log2((x)-1) + 1)
+
+LUAI_FUNC int luaO_log2 (unsigned int x);
+LUAI_FUNC int luaO_int2fb (unsigned int x);
+LUAI_FUNC int luaO_fb2int (int x);
+LUAI_FUNC int luaO_rawequalObj (const TValue *t1, const TValue *t2);
+LUAI_FUNC int luaO_str2d (const char *s, lua_Number *result);
+LUAI_FUNC const char *luaO_pushvfstring (lua_State *L, const char *fmt,
+ va_list argp);
+LUAI_FUNC const char *luaO_pushfstring (lua_State *L, const char *fmt, ...);
+LUAI_FUNC void luaO_chunkid (char *out, const char *source, size_t len);
+
+
+#endif
+
--- /dev/null
+/*
+** $Id: lopcodes.c,v 1.37.1.1 2007/12/27 13:02:25 roberto Exp $
+** See Copyright Notice in lua.h
+*/
+
+
+#define lopcodes_c
+#define LUA_CORE
+
+
+#include "lopcodes.h"
+
+
+/* ORDER OP */
+
+const char *const luaP_opnames[NUM_OPCODES+1] = {
+ "MOVE",
+ "LOADK",
+ "LOADBOOL",
+ "LOADNIL",
+ "GETUPVAL",
+ "GETGLOBAL",
+ "GETTABLE",
+ "SETGLOBAL",
+ "SETUPVAL",
+ "SETTABLE",
+ "NEWTABLE",
+ "SELF",
+ "ADD",
+ "SUB",
+ "MUL",
+ "DIV",
+ "MOD",
+ "POW",
+ "UNM",
+ "NOT",
+ "LEN",
+ "CONCAT",
+ "JMP",
+ "EQ",
+ "LT",
+ "LE",
+ "TEST",
+ "TESTSET",
+ "CALL",
+ "TAILCALL",
+ "RETURN",
+ "FORLOOP",
+ "FORPREP",
+ "TFORLOOP",
+ "SETLIST",
+ "CLOSE",
+ "CLOSURE",
+ "VARARG",
+ NULL
+};
+
+
+#define opmode(t,a,b,c,m) (((t)<<7) | ((a)<<6) | ((b)<<4) | ((c)<<2) | (m))
+
+const lu_byte luaP_opmodes[NUM_OPCODES] = {
+/* T A B C mode opcode */
+ opmode(0, 1, OpArgR, OpArgN, iABC) /* OP_MOVE */
+ ,opmode(0, 1, OpArgK, OpArgN, iABx) /* OP_LOADK */
+ ,opmode(0, 1, OpArgU, OpArgU, iABC) /* OP_LOADBOOL */
+ ,opmode(0, 1, OpArgR, OpArgN, iABC) /* OP_LOADNIL */
+ ,opmode(0, 1, OpArgU, OpArgN, iABC) /* OP_GETUPVAL */
+ ,opmode(0, 1, OpArgK, OpArgN, iABx) /* OP_GETGLOBAL */
+ ,opmode(0, 1, OpArgR, OpArgK, iABC) /* OP_GETTABLE */
+ ,opmode(0, 0, OpArgK, OpArgN, iABx) /* OP_SETGLOBAL */
+ ,opmode(0, 0, OpArgU, OpArgN, iABC) /* OP_SETUPVAL */
+ ,opmode(0, 0, OpArgK, OpArgK, iABC) /* OP_SETTABLE */
+ ,opmode(0, 1, OpArgU, OpArgU, iABC) /* OP_NEWTABLE */
+ ,opmode(0, 1, OpArgR, OpArgK, iABC) /* OP_SELF */
+ ,opmode(0, 1, OpArgK, OpArgK, iABC) /* OP_ADD */
+ ,opmode(0, 1, OpArgK, OpArgK, iABC) /* OP_SUB */
+ ,opmode(0, 1, OpArgK, OpArgK, iABC) /* OP_MUL */
+ ,opmode(0, 1, OpArgK, OpArgK, iABC) /* OP_DIV */
+ ,opmode(0, 1, OpArgK, OpArgK, iABC) /* OP_MOD */
+ ,opmode(0, 1, OpArgK, OpArgK, iABC) /* OP_POW */
+ ,opmode(0, 1, OpArgR, OpArgN, iABC) /* OP_UNM */
+ ,opmode(0, 1, OpArgR, OpArgN, iABC) /* OP_NOT */
+ ,opmode(0, 1, OpArgR, OpArgN, iABC) /* OP_LEN */
+ ,opmode(0, 1, OpArgR, OpArgR, iABC) /* OP_CONCAT */
+ ,opmode(0, 0, OpArgR, OpArgN, iAsBx) /* OP_JMP */
+ ,opmode(1, 0, OpArgK, OpArgK, iABC) /* OP_EQ */
+ ,opmode(1, 0, OpArgK, OpArgK, iABC) /* OP_LT */
+ ,opmode(1, 0, OpArgK, OpArgK, iABC) /* OP_LE */
+ ,opmode(1, 1, OpArgR, OpArgU, iABC) /* OP_TEST */
+ ,opmode(1, 1, OpArgR, OpArgU, iABC) /* OP_TESTSET */
+ ,opmode(0, 1, OpArgU, OpArgU, iABC) /* OP_CALL */
+ ,opmode(0, 1, OpArgU, OpArgU, iABC) /* OP_TAILCALL */
+ ,opmode(0, 0, OpArgU, OpArgN, iABC) /* OP_RETURN */
+ ,opmode(0, 1, OpArgR, OpArgN, iAsBx) /* OP_FORLOOP */
+ ,opmode(0, 1, OpArgR, OpArgN, iAsBx) /* OP_FORPREP */
+ ,opmode(1, 0, OpArgN, OpArgU, iABC) /* OP_TFORLOOP */
+ ,opmode(0, 0, OpArgU, OpArgU, iABC) /* OP_SETLIST */
+ ,opmode(0, 0, OpArgN, OpArgN, iABC) /* OP_CLOSE */
+ ,opmode(0, 1, OpArgU, OpArgN, iABx) /* OP_CLOSURE */
+ ,opmode(0, 1, OpArgU, OpArgN, iABC) /* OP_VARARG */
+};
+
--- /dev/null
+/*
+** $Id: lopcodes.h,v 1.125.1.1 2007/12/27 13:02:25 roberto Exp $
+** Opcodes for Lua virtual machine
+** See Copyright Notice in lua.h
+*/
+
+#ifndef lopcodes_h
+#define lopcodes_h
+
+#include "llimits.h"
+
+
+/*===========================================================================
+ We assume that instructions are unsigned numbers.
+ All instructions have an opcode in the first 6 bits.
+ Instructions can have the following fields:
+ `A' : 8 bits
+ `B' : 9 bits
+ `C' : 9 bits
+ `Bx' : 18 bits (`B' and `C' together)
+ `sBx' : signed Bx
+
+ A signed argument is represented in excess K; that is, the number
+ value is the unsigned value minus K. K is exactly the maximum value
+ for that argument (so that -max is represented by 0, and +max is
+ represented by 2*max), which is half the maximum for the corresponding
+ unsigned argument.
+===========================================================================*/
+
+
+enum OpMode {iABC, iABx, iAsBx}; /* basic instruction format */
+
+
+/*
+** size and position of opcode arguments.
+*/
+#define SIZE_C 9
+#define SIZE_B 9
+#define SIZE_Bx (SIZE_C + SIZE_B)
+#define SIZE_A 8
+
+#define SIZE_OP 6
+
+#define POS_OP 0
+#define POS_A (POS_OP + SIZE_OP)
+#define POS_C (POS_A + SIZE_A)
+#define POS_B (POS_C + SIZE_C)
+#define POS_Bx POS_C
+
+
+/*
+** limits for opcode arguments.
+** we use (signed) int to manipulate most arguments,
+** so they must fit in LUAI_BITSINT-1 bits (-1 for sign)
+*/
+#if SIZE_Bx < LUAI_BITSINT-1
+#define MAXARG_Bx ((1<<SIZE_Bx)-1)
+#define MAXARG_sBx (MAXARG_Bx>>1) /* `sBx' is signed */
+#else
+#define MAXARG_Bx MAX_INT
+#define MAXARG_sBx MAX_INT
+#endif
+
+
+#define MAXARG_A ((1<<SIZE_A)-1)
+#define MAXARG_B ((1<<SIZE_B)-1)
+#define MAXARG_C ((1<<SIZE_C)-1)
+
+
+/* creates a mask with `n' 1 bits at position `p' */
+#define MASK1(n,p) ((~((~(Instruction)0)<<n))<<p)
+
+/* creates a mask with `n' 0 bits at position `p' */
+#define MASK0(n,p) (~MASK1(n,p))
+
+/*
+** the following macros help to manipulate instructions
+*/
+
+#define GET_OPCODE(i) (cast(OpCode, ((i)>>POS_OP) & MASK1(SIZE_OP,0)))
+#define SET_OPCODE(i,o) ((i) = (((i)&MASK0(SIZE_OP,POS_OP)) | \
+ ((cast(Instruction, o)<<POS_OP)&MASK1(SIZE_OP,POS_OP))))
+
+#define GETARG_A(i) (cast(int, ((i)>>POS_A) & MASK1(SIZE_A,0)))
+#define SETARG_A(i,u) ((i) = (((i)&MASK0(SIZE_A,POS_A)) | \
+ ((cast(Instruction, u)<<POS_A)&MASK1(SIZE_A,POS_A))))
+
+#define GETARG_B(i) (cast(int, ((i)>>POS_B) & MASK1(SIZE_B,0)))
+#define SETARG_B(i,b) ((i) = (((i)&MASK0(SIZE_B,POS_B)) | \
+ ((cast(Instruction, b)<<POS_B)&MASK1(SIZE_B,POS_B))))
+
+#define GETARG_C(i) (cast(int, ((i)>>POS_C) & MASK1(SIZE_C,0)))
+#define SETARG_C(i,b) ((i) = (((i)&MASK0(SIZE_C,POS_C)) | \
+ ((cast(Instruction, b)<<POS_C)&MASK1(SIZE_C,POS_C))))
+
+#define GETARG_Bx(i) (cast(int, ((i)>>POS_Bx) & MASK1(SIZE_Bx,0)))
+#define SETARG_Bx(i,b) ((i) = (((i)&MASK0(SIZE_Bx,POS_Bx)) | \
+ ((cast(Instruction, b)<<POS_Bx)&MASK1(SIZE_Bx,POS_Bx))))
+
+#define GETARG_sBx(i) (GETARG_Bx(i)-MAXARG_sBx)
+#define SETARG_sBx(i,b) SETARG_Bx((i),cast(unsigned int, (b)+MAXARG_sBx))
+
+
+#define CREATE_ABC(o,a,b,c) ((cast(Instruction, o)<<POS_OP) \
+ | (cast(Instruction, a)<<POS_A) \
+ | (cast(Instruction, b)<<POS_B) \
+ | (cast(Instruction, c)<<POS_C))
+
+#define CREATE_ABx(o,a,bc) ((cast(Instruction, o)<<POS_OP) \
+ | (cast(Instruction, a)<<POS_A) \
+ | (cast(Instruction, bc)<<POS_Bx))
+
+
+/*
+** Macros to operate RK indices
+*/
+
+/* this bit 1 means constant (0 means register) */
+#define BITRK (1 << (SIZE_B - 1))
+
+/* test whether value is a constant */
+#define ISK(x) ((x) & BITRK)
+
+/* gets the index of the constant */
+#define INDEXK(r) ((int)(r) & ~BITRK)
+
+#define MAXINDEXRK (BITRK - 1)
+
+/* code a constant index as a RK value */
+#define RKASK(x) ((x) | BITRK)
+
+
+/*
+** invalid register that fits in 8 bits
+*/
+#define NO_REG MAXARG_A
+
+
+/*
+** R(x) - register
+** Kst(x) - constant (in constant table)
+** RK(x) == if ISK(x) then Kst(INDEXK(x)) else R(x)
+*/
+
+
+/*
+** grep "ORDER OP" if you change these enums
+*/
+
+typedef enum {
+/*----------------------------------------------------------------------
+name args description
+------------------------------------------------------------------------*/
+OP_MOVE,/* A B R(A) := R(B) */
+OP_LOADK,/* A Bx R(A) := Kst(Bx) */
+OP_LOADBOOL,/* A B C R(A) := (Bool)B; if (C) pc++ */
+OP_LOADNIL,/* A B R(A) := ... := R(B) := nil */
+OP_GETUPVAL,/* A B R(A) := UpValue[B] */
+
+OP_GETGLOBAL,/* A Bx R(A) := Gbl[Kst(Bx)] */
+OP_GETTABLE,/* A B C R(A) := R(B)[RK(C)] */
+
+OP_SETGLOBAL,/* A Bx Gbl[Kst(Bx)] := R(A) */
+OP_SETUPVAL,/* A B UpValue[B] := R(A) */
+OP_SETTABLE,/* A B C R(A)[RK(B)] := RK(C) */
+
+OP_NEWTABLE,/* A B C R(A) := {} (size = B,C) */
+
+OP_SELF,/* A B C R(A+1) := R(B); R(A) := R(B)[RK(C)] */
+
+OP_ADD,/* A B C R(A) := RK(B) + RK(C) */
+OP_SUB,/* A B C R(A) := RK(B) - RK(C) */
+OP_MUL,/* A B C R(A) := RK(B) * RK(C) */
+OP_DIV,/* A B C R(A) := RK(B) / RK(C) */
+OP_MOD,/* A B C R(A) := RK(B) % RK(C) */
+OP_POW,/* A B C R(A) := RK(B) ^ RK(C) */
+OP_UNM,/* A B R(A) := -R(B) */
+OP_NOT,/* A B R(A) := not R(B) */
+OP_LEN,/* A B R(A) := length of R(B) */
+
+OP_CONCAT,/* A B C R(A) := R(B).. ... ..R(C) */
+
+OP_JMP,/* sBx pc+=sBx */
+
+OP_EQ,/* A B C if ((RK(B) == RK(C)) ~= A) then pc++ */
+OP_LT,/* A B C if ((RK(B) < RK(C)) ~= A) then pc++ */
+OP_LE,/* A B C if ((RK(B) <= RK(C)) ~= A) then pc++ */
+
+OP_TEST,/* A C if not (R(A) <=> C) then pc++ */
+OP_TESTSET,/* A B C if (R(B) <=> C) then R(A) := R(B) else pc++ */
+
+OP_CALL,/* A B C R(A), ... ,R(A+C-2) := R(A)(R(A+1), ... ,R(A+B-1)) */
+OP_TAILCALL,/* A B C return R(A)(R(A+1), ... ,R(A+B-1)) */
+OP_RETURN,/* A B return R(A), ... ,R(A+B-2) (see note) */
+
+OP_FORLOOP,/* A sBx R(A)+=R(A+2);
+ if R(A) <?= R(A+1) then { pc+=sBx; R(A+3)=R(A) }*/
+OP_FORPREP,/* A sBx R(A)-=R(A+2); pc+=sBx */
+
+OP_TFORLOOP,/* A C R(A+3), ... ,R(A+2+C) := R(A)(R(A+1), R(A+2));
+ if R(A+3) ~= nil then R(A+2)=R(A+3) else pc++ */
+OP_SETLIST,/* A B C R(A)[(C-1)*FPF+i] := R(A+i), 1 <= i <= B */
+
+OP_CLOSE,/* A close all variables in the stack up to (>=) R(A)*/
+OP_CLOSURE,/* A Bx R(A) := closure(KPROTO[Bx], R(A), ... ,R(A+n)) */
+
+OP_VARARG/* A B R(A), R(A+1), ..., R(A+B-1) = vararg */
+} OpCode;
+
+
+#define NUM_OPCODES (cast(int, OP_VARARG) + 1)
+
+
+
+/*===========================================================================
+ Notes:
+ (*) In OP_CALL, if (B == 0) then B = top. C is the number of returns - 1,
+ and can be 0: OP_CALL then sets `top' to last_result+1, so
+ next open instruction (OP_CALL, OP_RETURN, OP_SETLIST) may use `top'.
+
+ (*) In OP_VARARG, if (B == 0) then use actual number of varargs and
+ set top (like in OP_CALL with C == 0).
+
+ (*) In OP_RETURN, if (B == 0) then return up to `top'
+
+ (*) In OP_SETLIST, if (B == 0) then B = `top';
+ if (C == 0) then next `instruction' is real C
+
+ (*) For comparisons, A specifies what condition the test should accept
+ (true or false).
+
+ (*) All `skips' (pc++) assume that next instruction is a jump
+===========================================================================*/
+
+
+/*
+** masks for instruction properties. The format is:
+** bits 0-1: op mode
+** bits 2-3: C arg mode
+** bits 4-5: B arg mode
+** bit 6: instruction set register A
+** bit 7: operator is a test
+*/
+
+enum OpArgMask {
+ OpArgN, /* argument is not used */
+ OpArgU, /* argument is used */
+ OpArgR, /* argument is a register or a jump offset */
+ OpArgK /* argument is a constant or register/constant */
+};
+
+LUAI_DATA const lu_byte luaP_opmodes[NUM_OPCODES];
+
+#define getOpMode(m) (cast(enum OpMode, luaP_opmodes[m] & 3))
+#define getBMode(m) (cast(enum OpArgMask, (luaP_opmodes[m] >> 4) & 3))
+#define getCMode(m) (cast(enum OpArgMask, (luaP_opmodes[m] >> 2) & 3))
+#define testAMode(m) (luaP_opmodes[m] & (1 << 6))
+#define testTMode(m) (luaP_opmodes[m] & (1 << 7))
+
+
+LUAI_DATA const char *const luaP_opnames[NUM_OPCODES+1]; /* opcode names */
+
+
+/* number of list items to accumulate before a SETLIST instruction */
+#define LFIELDS_PER_FLUSH 50
+
+
+#endif
--- /dev/null
+/*
+** $Id: loslib.c,v 1.19.1.3 2008/01/18 16:38:18 roberto Exp $
+** Standard Operating System library
+** See Copyright Notice in lua.h
+*/
+
+
+#include <errno.h>
+#include <locale.h>
+#include <stdlib.h>
+#include <string.h>
+#include <time.h>
+
+#define loslib_c
+#define LUA_LIB
+
+#include "lua.h"
+
+#include "lauxlib.h"
+#include "lualib.h"
+
+
+static int os_pushresult (lua_State *L, int i, const char *filename) {
+ int en = errno; /* calls to Lua API may change this value */
+ if (i) {
+ lua_pushboolean(L, 1);
+ return 1;
+ }
+ else {
+ lua_pushnil(L);
+ lua_pushfstring(L, "%s: %s", filename, strerror(en));
+ lua_pushinteger(L, en);
+ return 3;
+ }
+}
+
+
+static int os_execute (lua_State *L) {
+ lua_pushinteger(L, system(luaL_optstring(L, 1, NULL)));
+ return 1;
+}
+
+
+static int os_remove (lua_State *L) {
+ const char *filename = luaL_checkstring(L, 1);
+ return os_pushresult(L, remove(filename) == 0, filename);
+}
+
+
+static int os_rename (lua_State *L) {
+ const char *fromname = luaL_checkstring(L, 1);
+ const char *toname = luaL_checkstring(L, 2);
+ return os_pushresult(L, rename(fromname, toname) == 0, fromname);
+}
+
+
+static int os_tmpname (lua_State *L) {
+ char buff[LUA_TMPNAMBUFSIZE];
+ int err;
+ lua_tmpnam(buff, err);
+ if (err)
+ return luaL_error(L, "unable to generate a unique filename");
+ lua_pushstring(L, buff);
+ return 1;
+}
+
+
+static int os_getenv (lua_State *L) {
+ lua_pushstring(L, getenv(luaL_checkstring(L, 1))); /* if NULL push nil */
+ return 1;
+}
+
+
+static int os_clock (lua_State *L) {
+ lua_pushnumber(L, ((lua_Number)clock())/(lua_Number)CLOCKS_PER_SEC);
+ return 1;
+}
+
+
+/*
+** {======================================================
+** Time/Date operations
+** { year=%Y, month=%m, day=%d, hour=%H, min=%M, sec=%S,
+** wday=%w+1, yday=%j, isdst=? }
+** =======================================================
+*/
+
+static void setfield (lua_State *L, const char *key, int value) {
+ lua_pushinteger(L, value);
+ lua_setfield(L, -2, key);
+}
+
+static void setboolfield (lua_State *L, const char *key, int value) {
+ if (value < 0) /* undefined? */
+ return; /* does not set field */
+ lua_pushboolean(L, value);
+ lua_setfield(L, -2, key);
+}
+
+static int getboolfield (lua_State *L, const char *key) {
+ int res;
+ lua_getfield(L, -1, key);
+ res = lua_isnil(L, -1) ? -1 : lua_toboolean(L, -1);
+ lua_pop(L, 1);
+ return res;
+}
+
+
+static int getfield (lua_State *L, const char *key, int d) {
+ int res;
+ lua_getfield(L, -1, key);
+ if (lua_isnumber(L, -1))
+ res = (int)lua_tointeger(L, -1);
+ else {
+ if (d < 0)
+ return luaL_error(L, "field " LUA_QS " missing in date table", key);
+ res = d;
+ }
+ lua_pop(L, 1);
+ return res;
+}
+
+
+static int os_date (lua_State *L) {
+ const char *s = luaL_optstring(L, 1, "%c");
+ time_t t = luaL_opt(L, (time_t)luaL_checknumber, 2, time(NULL));
+ struct tm *stm;
+ if (*s == '!') { /* UTC? */
+ stm = gmtime(&t);
+ s++; /* skip `!' */
+ }
+ else
+ stm = localtime(&t);
+ if (stm == NULL) /* invalid date? */
+ lua_pushnil(L);
+ else if (strcmp(s, "*t") == 0) {
+ lua_createtable(L, 0, 9); /* 9 = number of fields */
+ setfield(L, "sec", stm->tm_sec);
+ setfield(L, "min", stm->tm_min);
+ setfield(L, "hour", stm->tm_hour);
+ setfield(L, "day", stm->tm_mday);
+ setfield(L, "month", stm->tm_mon+1);
+ setfield(L, "year", stm->tm_year+1900);
+ setfield(L, "wday", stm->tm_wday+1);
+ setfield(L, "yday", stm->tm_yday+1);
+ setboolfield(L, "isdst", stm->tm_isdst);
+ }
+ else {
+ char cc[3];
+ luaL_Buffer b;
+ cc[0] = '%'; cc[2] = '\0';
+ luaL_buffinit(L, &b);
+ for (; *s; s++) {
+ if (*s != '%' || *(s + 1) == '\0') /* no conversion specifier? */
+ luaL_addchar(&b, *s);
+ else {
+ size_t reslen;
+ char buff[200]; /* should be big enough for any conversion result */
+ cc[1] = *(++s);
+ reslen = strftime(buff, sizeof(buff), cc, stm);
+ luaL_addlstring(&b, buff, reslen);
+ }
+ }
+ luaL_pushresult(&b);
+ }
+ return 1;
+}
+
+
+static int os_time (lua_State *L) {
+ time_t t;
+ if (lua_isnoneornil(L, 1)) /* called without args? */
+ t = time(NULL); /* get current time */
+ else {
+ struct tm ts;
+ luaL_checktype(L, 1, LUA_TTABLE);
+ lua_settop(L, 1); /* make sure table is at the top */
+ ts.tm_sec = getfield(L, "sec", 0);
+ ts.tm_min = getfield(L, "min", 0);
+ ts.tm_hour = getfield(L, "hour", 12);
+ ts.tm_mday = getfield(L, "day", -1);
+ ts.tm_mon = getfield(L, "month", -1) - 1;
+ ts.tm_year = getfield(L, "year", -1) - 1900;
+ ts.tm_isdst = getboolfield(L, "isdst");
+ t = mktime(&ts);
+ }
+ if (t == (time_t)(-1))
+ lua_pushnil(L);
+ else
+ lua_pushnumber(L, (lua_Number)t);
+ return 1;
+}
+
+
+static int os_difftime (lua_State *L) {
+ lua_pushnumber(L, difftime((time_t)(luaL_checknumber(L, 1)),
+ (time_t)(luaL_optnumber(L, 2, 0))));
+ return 1;
+}
+
+/* }====================================================== */
+
+
+static int os_setlocale (lua_State *L) {
+ static const int cat[] = {LC_ALL, LC_COLLATE, LC_CTYPE, LC_MONETARY,
+ LC_NUMERIC, LC_TIME};
+ static const char *const catnames[] = {"all", "collate", "ctype", "monetary",
+ "numeric", "time", NULL};
+ const char *l = luaL_optstring(L, 1, NULL);
+ int op = luaL_checkoption(L, 2, "all", catnames);
+ lua_pushstring(L, setlocale(cat[op], l));
+ return 1;
+}
+
+
+static int os_exit (lua_State *L) {
+ exit(luaL_optint(L, 1, EXIT_SUCCESS));
+}
+
+static const luaL_Reg syslib[] = {
+ {"clock", os_clock},
+ {"date", os_date},
+ {"difftime", os_difftime},
+ {"execute", os_execute},
+ {"exit", os_exit},
+ {"getenv", os_getenv},
+ {"remove", os_remove},
+ {"rename", os_rename},
+ {"setlocale", os_setlocale},
+ {"time", os_time},
+ {"tmpname", os_tmpname},
+ {NULL, NULL}
+};
+
+/* }====================================================== */
+
+
+
+LUALIB_API int luaopen_os (lua_State *L) {
+ luaL_register(L, LUA_OSLIBNAME, syslib);
+ return 1;
+}
+
--- /dev/null
+/*
+** $Id: lparser.c,v 2.42.1.4 2011/10/21 19:31:42 roberto Exp $
+** Lua Parser
+** See Copyright Notice in lua.h
+*/
+
+
+#include <string.h>
+
+#define lparser_c
+#define LUA_CORE
+
+#include "lua.h"
+
+#include "lcode.h"
+#include "ldebug.h"
+#include "ldo.h"
+#include "lfunc.h"
+#include "llex.h"
+#include "lmem.h"
+#include "lobject.h"
+#include "lopcodes.h"
+#include "lparser.h"
+#include "lstate.h"
+#include "lstring.h"
+#include "ltable.h"
+
+
+
+#define hasmultret(k) ((k) == VCALL || (k) == VVARARG)
+
+#define getlocvar(fs, i) ((fs)->f->locvars[(fs)->actvar[i]])
+
+#define luaY_checklimit(fs,v,l,m) if ((v)>(l)) errorlimit(fs,l,m)
+
+
+/*
+** nodes for block list (list of active blocks)
+*/
+typedef struct BlockCnt {
+ struct BlockCnt *previous; /* chain */
+ int breaklist; /* list of jumps out of this loop */
+ lu_byte nactvar; /* # active locals outside the breakable structure */
+ lu_byte upval; /* true if some variable in the block is an upvalue */
+ lu_byte isbreakable; /* true if `block' is a loop */
+} BlockCnt;
+
+
+
+/*
+** prototypes for recursive non-terminal functions
+*/
+static void chunk (LexState *ls);
+static void expr (LexState *ls, expdesc *v);
+
+
+static void anchor_token (LexState *ls) {
+ if (ls->t.token == TK_NAME || ls->t.token == TK_STRING) {
+ TString *ts = ls->t.seminfo.ts;
+ luaX_newstring(ls, getstr(ts), ts->tsv.len);
+ }
+}
+
+
+static void error_expected (LexState *ls, int token) {
+ luaX_syntaxerror(ls,
+ luaO_pushfstring(ls->L, LUA_QS " expected", luaX_token2str(ls, token)));
+}
+
+
+static void errorlimit (FuncState *fs, int limit, const char *what) {
+ const char *msg = (fs->f->linedefined == 0) ?
+ luaO_pushfstring(fs->L, "main function has more than %d %s", limit, what) :
+ luaO_pushfstring(fs->L, "function at line %d has more than %d %s",
+ fs->f->linedefined, limit, what);
+ luaX_lexerror(fs->ls, msg, 0);
+}
+
+
+static int testnext (LexState *ls, int c) {
+ if (ls->t.token == c) {
+ luaX_next(ls);
+ return 1;
+ }
+ else return 0;
+}
+
+
+static void check (LexState *ls, int c) {
+ if (ls->t.token != c)
+ error_expected(ls, c);
+}
+
+static void checknext (LexState *ls, int c) {
+ check(ls, c);
+ luaX_next(ls);
+}
+
+
+#define check_condition(ls,c,msg) { if (!(c)) luaX_syntaxerror(ls, msg); }
+
+
+
+static void check_match (LexState *ls, int what, int who, int where) {
+ if (!testnext(ls, what)) {
+ if (where == ls->linenumber)
+ error_expected(ls, what);
+ else {
+ luaX_syntaxerror(ls, luaO_pushfstring(ls->L,
+ LUA_QS " expected (to close " LUA_QS " at line %d)",
+ luaX_token2str(ls, what), luaX_token2str(ls, who), where));
+ }
+ }
+}
+
+
+static TString *str_checkname (LexState *ls) {
+ TString *ts;
+ check(ls, TK_NAME);
+ ts = ls->t.seminfo.ts;
+ luaX_next(ls);
+ return ts;
+}
+
+
+static void init_exp (expdesc *e, expkind k, int i) {
+ e->f = e->t = NO_JUMP;
+ e->k = k;
+ e->u.s.info = i;
+}
+
+
+static void codestring (LexState *ls, expdesc *e, TString *s) {
+ init_exp(e, VK, luaK_stringK(ls->fs, s));
+}
+
+
+static void checkname(LexState *ls, expdesc *e) {
+ codestring(ls, e, str_checkname(ls));
+}
+
+
+static int registerlocalvar (LexState *ls, TString *varname) {
+ FuncState *fs = ls->fs;
+ Proto *f = fs->f;
+ int oldsize = f->sizelocvars;
+ luaM_growvector(ls->L, f->locvars, fs->nlocvars, f->sizelocvars,
+ LocVar, SHRT_MAX, "too many local variables");
+ while (oldsize < f->sizelocvars) f->locvars[oldsize++].varname = NULL;
+ f->locvars[fs->nlocvars].varname = varname;
+ luaC_objbarrier(ls->L, f, varname);
+ return fs->nlocvars++;
+}
+
+
+#define new_localvarliteral(ls,v,n) \
+ new_localvar(ls, luaX_newstring(ls, "" v, (sizeof(v)/sizeof(char))-1), n)
+
+
+static void new_localvar (LexState *ls, TString *name, int n) {
+ FuncState *fs = ls->fs;
+ luaY_checklimit(fs, fs->nactvar+n+1, LUAI_MAXVARS, "local variables");
+ fs->actvar[fs->nactvar+n] = cast(unsigned short, registerlocalvar(ls, name));
+}
+
+
+static void adjustlocalvars (LexState *ls, int nvars) {
+ FuncState *fs = ls->fs;
+ fs->nactvar = cast_byte(fs->nactvar + nvars);
+ for (; nvars; nvars--) {
+ getlocvar(fs, fs->nactvar - nvars).startpc = fs->pc;
+ }
+}
+
+
+static void removevars (LexState *ls, int tolevel) {
+ FuncState *fs = ls->fs;
+ while (fs->nactvar > tolevel)
+ getlocvar(fs, --fs->nactvar).endpc = fs->pc;
+}
+
+
+static int indexupvalue (FuncState *fs, TString *name, expdesc *v) {
+ int i;
+ Proto *f = fs->f;
+ int oldsize = f->sizeupvalues;
+ for (i=0; i<f->nups; i++) {
+ if (fs->upvalues[i].k == v->k && fs->upvalues[i].info == v->u.s.info) {
+ lua_assert(f->upvalues[i] == name);
+ return i;
+ }
+ }
+ /* new one */
+ luaY_checklimit(fs, f->nups + 1, LUAI_MAXUPVALUES, "upvalues");
+ luaM_growvector(fs->L, f->upvalues, f->nups, f->sizeupvalues,
+ TString *, MAX_INT, "");
+ while (oldsize < f->sizeupvalues) f->upvalues[oldsize++] = NULL;
+ f->upvalues[f->nups] = name;
+ luaC_objbarrier(fs->L, f, name);
+ lua_assert(v->k == VLOCAL || v->k == VUPVAL);
+ fs->upvalues[f->nups].k = cast_byte(v->k);
+ fs->upvalues[f->nups].info = cast_byte(v->u.s.info);
+ return f->nups++;
+}
+
+
+static int searchvar (FuncState *fs, TString *n) {
+ int i;
+ for (i=fs->nactvar-1; i >= 0; i--) {
+ if (n == getlocvar(fs, i).varname)
+ return i;
+ }
+ return -1; /* not found */
+}
+
+
+static void markupval (FuncState *fs, int level) {
+ BlockCnt *bl = fs->bl;
+ while (bl && bl->nactvar > level) bl = bl->previous;
+ if (bl) bl->upval = 1;
+}
+
+
+static int singlevaraux (FuncState *fs, TString *n, expdesc *var, int base) {
+ if (fs == NULL) { /* no more levels? */
+ init_exp(var, VGLOBAL, NO_REG); /* default is global variable */
+ return VGLOBAL;
+ }
+ else {
+ int v = searchvar(fs, n); /* look up at current level */
+ if (v >= 0) {
+ init_exp(var, VLOCAL, v);
+ if (!base)
+ markupval(fs, v); /* local will be used as an upval */
+ return VLOCAL;
+ }
+ else { /* not found at current level; try upper one */
+ if (singlevaraux(fs->prev, n, var, 0) == VGLOBAL)
+ return VGLOBAL;
+ var->u.s.info = indexupvalue(fs, n, var); /* else was LOCAL or UPVAL */
+ var->k = VUPVAL; /* upvalue in this level */
+ return VUPVAL;
+ }
+ }
+}
+
+
+static void singlevar (LexState *ls, expdesc *var) {
+ TString *varname = str_checkname(ls);
+ FuncState *fs = ls->fs;
+ if (singlevaraux(fs, varname, var, 1) == VGLOBAL)
+ var->u.s.info = luaK_stringK(fs, varname); /* info points to global name */
+}
+
+
+static void adjust_assign (LexState *ls, int nvars, int nexps, expdesc *e) {
+ FuncState *fs = ls->fs;
+ int extra = nvars - nexps;
+ if (hasmultret(e->k)) {
+ extra++; /* includes call itself */
+ if (extra < 0) extra = 0;
+ luaK_setreturns(fs, e, extra); /* last exp. provides the difference */
+ if (extra > 1) luaK_reserveregs(fs, extra-1);
+ }
+ else {
+ if (e->k != VVOID) luaK_exp2nextreg(fs, e); /* close last expression */
+ if (extra > 0) {
+ int reg = fs->freereg;
+ luaK_reserveregs(fs, extra);
+ luaK_nil(fs, reg, extra);
+ }
+ }
+}
+
+
+static void enterlevel (LexState *ls) {
+ if (++ls->L->nCcalls > LUAI_MAXCCALLS)
+ luaX_lexerror(ls, "chunk has too many syntax levels", 0);
+}
+
+
+#define leavelevel(ls) ((ls)->L->nCcalls--)
+
+
+static void enterblock (FuncState *fs, BlockCnt *bl, lu_byte isbreakable) {
+ bl->breaklist = NO_JUMP;
+ bl->isbreakable = isbreakable;
+ bl->nactvar = fs->nactvar;
+ bl->upval = 0;
+ bl->previous = fs->bl;
+ fs->bl = bl;
+ lua_assert(fs->freereg == fs->nactvar);
+}
+
+
+static void leaveblock (FuncState *fs) {
+ BlockCnt *bl = fs->bl;
+ fs->bl = bl->previous;
+ removevars(fs->ls, bl->nactvar);
+ if (bl->upval)
+ luaK_codeABC(fs, OP_CLOSE, bl->nactvar, 0, 0);
+ /* a block either controls scope or breaks (never both) */
+ lua_assert(!bl->isbreakable || !bl->upval);
+ lua_assert(bl->nactvar == fs->nactvar);
+ fs->freereg = fs->nactvar; /* free registers */
+ luaK_patchtohere(fs, bl->breaklist);
+}
+
+
+static void pushclosure (LexState *ls, FuncState *func, expdesc *v) {
+ FuncState *fs = ls->fs;
+ Proto *f = fs->f;
+ int oldsize = f->sizep;
+ int i;
+ luaM_growvector(ls->L, f->p, fs->np, f->sizep, Proto *,
+ MAXARG_Bx, "constant table overflow");
+ while (oldsize < f->sizep) f->p[oldsize++] = NULL;
+ f->p[fs->np++] = func->f;
+ luaC_objbarrier(ls->L, f, func->f);
+ init_exp(v, VRELOCABLE, luaK_codeABx(fs, OP_CLOSURE, 0, fs->np-1));
+ for (i=0; i<func->f->nups; i++) {
+ OpCode o = (func->upvalues[i].k == VLOCAL) ? OP_MOVE : OP_GETUPVAL;
+ luaK_codeABC(fs, o, 0, func->upvalues[i].info, 0);
+ }
+}
+
+
+static void open_func (LexState *ls, FuncState *fs) {
+ lua_State *L = ls->L;
+ Proto *f = luaF_newproto(L);
+ fs->f = f;
+ fs->prev = ls->fs; /* linked list of funcstates */
+ fs->ls = ls;
+ fs->L = L;
+ ls->fs = fs;
+ fs->pc = 0;
+ fs->lasttarget = -1;
+ fs->jpc = NO_JUMP;
+ fs->freereg = 0;
+ fs->nk = 0;
+ fs->np = 0;
+ fs->nlocvars = 0;
+ fs->nactvar = 0;
+ fs->bl = NULL;
+ f->source = ls->source;
+ f->maxstacksize = 2; /* registers 0/1 are always valid */
+ fs->h = luaH_new(L, 0, 0);
+ /* anchor table of constants and prototype (to avoid being collected) */
+ sethvalue2s(L, L->top, fs->h);
+ incr_top(L);
+ setptvalue2s(L, L->top, f);
+ incr_top(L);
+}
+
+
+static void close_func (LexState *ls) {
+ lua_State *L = ls->L;
+ FuncState *fs = ls->fs;
+ Proto *f = fs->f;
+ removevars(ls, 0);
+ luaK_ret(fs, 0, 0); /* final return */
+ luaM_reallocvector(L, f->code, f->sizecode, fs->pc, Instruction);
+ f->sizecode = fs->pc;
+ luaM_reallocvector(L, f->lineinfo, f->sizelineinfo, fs->pc, int);
+ f->sizelineinfo = fs->pc;
+ luaM_reallocvector(L, f->k, f->sizek, fs->nk, TValue);
+ f->sizek = fs->nk;
+ luaM_reallocvector(L, f->p, f->sizep, fs->np, Proto *);
+ f->sizep = fs->np;
+ luaM_reallocvector(L, f->locvars, f->sizelocvars, fs->nlocvars, LocVar);
+ f->sizelocvars = fs->nlocvars;
+ luaM_reallocvector(L, f->upvalues, f->sizeupvalues, f->nups, TString *);
+ f->sizeupvalues = f->nups;
+ lua_assert(luaG_checkcode(f));
+ lua_assert(fs->bl == NULL);
+ ls->fs = fs->prev;
+ /* last token read was anchored in defunct function; must reanchor it */
+ if (fs) anchor_token(ls);
+ L->top -= 2; /* remove table and prototype from the stack */
+}
+
+
+Proto *luaY_parser (lua_State *L, ZIO *z, Mbuffer *buff, const char *name) {
+ struct LexState lexstate;
+ struct FuncState funcstate;
+ lexstate.buff = buff;
+ luaX_setinput(L, &lexstate, z, luaS_new(L, name));
+ open_func(&lexstate, &funcstate);
+ funcstate.f->is_vararg = VARARG_ISVARARG; /* main func. is always vararg */
+ luaX_next(&lexstate); /* read first token */
+ chunk(&lexstate);
+ check(&lexstate, TK_EOS);
+ close_func(&lexstate);
+ lua_assert(funcstate.prev == NULL);
+ lua_assert(funcstate.f->nups == 0);
+ lua_assert(lexstate.fs == NULL);
+ return funcstate.f;
+}
+
+
+
+/*============================================================*/
+/* GRAMMAR RULES */
+/*============================================================*/
+
+
+static void field (LexState *ls, expdesc *v) {
+ /* field -> ['.' | ':'] NAME */
+ FuncState *fs = ls->fs;
+ expdesc key;
+ luaK_exp2anyreg(fs, v);
+ luaX_next(ls); /* skip the dot or colon */
+ checkname(ls, &key);
+ luaK_indexed(fs, v, &key);
+}
+
+
+static void yindex (LexState *ls, expdesc *v) {
+ /* index -> '[' expr ']' */
+ luaX_next(ls); /* skip the '[' */
+ expr(ls, v);
+ luaK_exp2val(ls->fs, v);
+ checknext(ls, ']');
+}
+
+
+/*
+** {======================================================================
+** Rules for Constructors
+** =======================================================================
+*/
+
+
+struct ConsControl {
+ expdesc v; /* last list item read */
+ expdesc *t; /* table descriptor */
+ int nh; /* total number of `record' elements */
+ int na; /* total number of array elements */
+ int tostore; /* number of array elements pending to be stored */
+};
+
+
+static void recfield (LexState *ls, struct ConsControl *cc) {
+ /* recfield -> (NAME | `['exp1`]') = exp1 */
+ FuncState *fs = ls->fs;
+ int reg = ls->fs->freereg;
+ expdesc key, val;
+ int rkkey;
+ if (ls->t.token == TK_NAME) {
+ luaY_checklimit(fs, cc->nh, MAX_INT, "items in a constructor");
+ checkname(ls, &key);
+ }
+ else /* ls->t.token == '[' */
+ yindex(ls, &key);
+ cc->nh++;
+ checknext(ls, '=');
+ rkkey = luaK_exp2RK(fs, &key);
+ expr(ls, &val);
+ luaK_codeABC(fs, OP_SETTABLE, cc->t->u.s.info, rkkey, luaK_exp2RK(fs, &val));
+ fs->freereg = reg; /* free registers */
+}
+
+
+static void closelistfield (FuncState *fs, struct ConsControl *cc) {
+ if (cc->v.k == VVOID) return; /* there is no list item */
+ luaK_exp2nextreg(fs, &cc->v);
+ cc->v.k = VVOID;
+ if (cc->tostore == LFIELDS_PER_FLUSH) {
+ luaK_setlist(fs, cc->t->u.s.info, cc->na, cc->tostore); /* flush */
+ cc->tostore = 0; /* no more items pending */
+ }
+}
+
+
+static void lastlistfield (FuncState *fs, struct ConsControl *cc) {
+ if (cc->tostore == 0) return;
+ if (hasmultret(cc->v.k)) {
+ luaK_setmultret(fs, &cc->v);
+ luaK_setlist(fs, cc->t->u.s.info, cc->na, LUA_MULTRET);
+ cc->na--; /* do not count last expression (unknown number of elements) */
+ }
+ else {
+ if (cc->v.k != VVOID)
+ luaK_exp2nextreg(fs, &cc->v);
+ luaK_setlist(fs, cc->t->u.s.info, cc->na, cc->tostore);
+ }
+}
+
+
+static void listfield (LexState *ls, struct ConsControl *cc) {
+ expr(ls, &cc->v);
+ luaY_checklimit(ls->fs, cc->na, MAX_INT, "items in a constructor");
+ cc->na++;
+ cc->tostore++;
+}
+
+
+static void constructor (LexState *ls, expdesc *t) {
+ /* constructor -> ?? */
+ FuncState *fs = ls->fs;
+ int line = ls->linenumber;
+ int pc = luaK_codeABC(fs, OP_NEWTABLE, 0, 0, 0);
+ struct ConsControl cc;
+ cc.na = cc.nh = cc.tostore = 0;
+ cc.t = t;
+ init_exp(t, VRELOCABLE, pc);
+ init_exp(&cc.v, VVOID, 0); /* no value (yet) */
+ luaK_exp2nextreg(ls->fs, t); /* fix it at stack top (for gc) */
+ checknext(ls, '{');
+ do {
+ lua_assert(cc.v.k == VVOID || cc.tostore > 0);
+ if (ls->t.token == '}') break;
+ closelistfield(fs, &cc);
+ switch(ls->t.token) {
+ case TK_NAME: { /* may be listfields or recfields */
+ luaX_lookahead(ls);
+ if (ls->lookahead.token != '=') /* expression? */
+ listfield(ls, &cc);
+ else
+ recfield(ls, &cc);
+ break;
+ }
+ case '[': { /* constructor_item -> recfield */
+ recfield(ls, &cc);
+ break;
+ }
+ default: { /* constructor_part -> listfield */
+ listfield(ls, &cc);
+ break;
+ }
+ }
+ } while (testnext(ls, ',') || testnext(ls, ';'));
+ check_match(ls, '}', '{', line);
+ lastlistfield(fs, &cc);
+ SETARG_B(fs->f->code[pc], luaO_int2fb(cc.na)); /* set initial array size */
+ SETARG_C(fs->f->code[pc], luaO_int2fb(cc.nh)); /* set initial table size */
+}
+
+/* }====================================================================== */
+
+
+
+static void parlist (LexState *ls) {
+ /* parlist -> [ param { `,' param } ] */
+ FuncState *fs = ls->fs;
+ Proto *f = fs->f;
+ int nparams = 0;
+ f->is_vararg = 0;
+ if (ls->t.token != ')') { /* is `parlist' not empty? */
+ do {
+ switch (ls->t.token) {
+ case TK_NAME: { /* param -> NAME */
+ new_localvar(ls, str_checkname(ls), nparams++);
+ break;
+ }
+ case TK_DOTS: { /* param -> `...' */
+ luaX_next(ls);
+#if defined(LUA_COMPAT_VARARG)
+ /* use `arg' as default name */
+ new_localvarliteral(ls, "arg", nparams++);
+ f->is_vararg = VARARG_HASARG | VARARG_NEEDSARG;
+#endif
+ f->is_vararg |= VARARG_ISVARARG;
+ break;
+ }
+ default: luaX_syntaxerror(ls, "<name> or " LUA_QL("...") " expected");
+ }
+ } while (!f->is_vararg && testnext(ls, ','));
+ }
+ adjustlocalvars(ls, nparams);
+ f->numparams = cast_byte(fs->nactvar - (f->is_vararg & VARARG_HASARG));
+ luaK_reserveregs(fs, fs->nactvar); /* reserve register for parameters */
+}
+
+
+static void body (LexState *ls, expdesc *e, int needself, int line) {
+ /* body -> `(' parlist `)' chunk END */
+ FuncState new_fs;
+ open_func(ls, &new_fs);
+ new_fs.f->linedefined = line;
+ checknext(ls, '(');
+ if (needself) {
+ new_localvarliteral(ls, "self", 0);
+ adjustlocalvars(ls, 1);
+ }
+ parlist(ls);
+ checknext(ls, ')');
+ chunk(ls);
+ new_fs.f->lastlinedefined = ls->linenumber;
+ check_match(ls, TK_END, TK_FUNCTION, line);
+ close_func(ls);
+ pushclosure(ls, &new_fs, e);
+}
+
+
+static int explist1 (LexState *ls, expdesc *v) {
+ /* explist1 -> expr { `,' expr } */
+ int n = 1; /* at least one expression */
+ expr(ls, v);
+ while (testnext(ls, ',')) {
+ luaK_exp2nextreg(ls->fs, v);
+ expr(ls, v);
+ n++;
+ }
+ return n;
+}
+
+
+static void funcargs (LexState *ls, expdesc *f) {
+ FuncState *fs = ls->fs;
+ expdesc args;
+ int base, nparams;
+ int line = ls->linenumber;
+ switch (ls->t.token) {
+ case '(': { /* funcargs -> `(' [ explist1 ] `)' */
+ if (line != ls->lastline)
+ luaX_syntaxerror(ls,"ambiguous syntax (function call x new statement)");
+ luaX_next(ls);
+ if (ls->t.token == ')') /* arg list is empty? */
+ args.k = VVOID;
+ else {
+ explist1(ls, &args);
+ luaK_setmultret(fs, &args);
+ }
+ check_match(ls, ')', '(', line);
+ break;
+ }
+ case '{': { /* funcargs -> constructor */
+ constructor(ls, &args);
+ break;
+ }
+ case TK_STRING: { /* funcargs -> STRING */
+ codestring(ls, &args, ls->t.seminfo.ts);
+ luaX_next(ls); /* must use `seminfo' before `next' */
+ break;
+ }
+ default: {
+ luaX_syntaxerror(ls, "function arguments expected");
+ return;
+ }
+ }
+ lua_assert(f->k == VNONRELOC);
+ base = f->u.s.info; /* base register for call */
+ if (hasmultret(args.k))
+ nparams = LUA_MULTRET; /* open call */
+ else {
+ if (args.k != VVOID)
+ luaK_exp2nextreg(fs, &args); /* close last argument */
+ nparams = fs->freereg - (base+1);
+ }
+ init_exp(f, VCALL, luaK_codeABC(fs, OP_CALL, base, nparams+1, 2));
+ luaK_fixline(fs, line);
+ fs->freereg = base+1; /* call remove function and arguments and leaves
+ (unless changed) one result */
+}
+
+
+
+
+/*
+** {======================================================================
+** Expression parsing
+** =======================================================================
+*/
+
+
+static void prefixexp (LexState *ls, expdesc *v) {
+ /* prefixexp -> NAME | '(' expr ')' */
+ switch (ls->t.token) {
+ case '(': {
+ int line = ls->linenumber;
+ luaX_next(ls);
+ expr(ls, v);
+ check_match(ls, ')', '(', line);
+ luaK_dischargevars(ls->fs, v);
+ return;
+ }
+ case TK_NAME: {
+ singlevar(ls, v);
+ return;
+ }
+ default: {
+ luaX_syntaxerror(ls, "unexpected symbol");
+ return;
+ }
+ }
+}
+
+
+static void primaryexp (LexState *ls, expdesc *v) {
+ /* primaryexp ->
+ prefixexp { `.' NAME | `[' exp `]' | `:' NAME funcargs | funcargs } */
+ FuncState *fs = ls->fs;
+ prefixexp(ls, v);
+ for (;;) {
+ switch (ls->t.token) {
+ case '.': { /* field */
+ field(ls, v);
+ break;
+ }
+ case '[': { /* `[' exp1 `]' */
+ expdesc key;
+ luaK_exp2anyreg(fs, v);
+ yindex(ls, &key);
+ luaK_indexed(fs, v, &key);
+ break;
+ }
+ case ':': { /* `:' NAME funcargs */
+ expdesc key;
+ luaX_next(ls);
+ checkname(ls, &key);
+ luaK_self(fs, v, &key);
+ funcargs(ls, v);
+ break;
+ }
+ case '(': case TK_STRING: case '{': { /* funcargs */
+ luaK_exp2nextreg(fs, v);
+ funcargs(ls, v);
+ break;
+ }
+ default: return;
+ }
+ }
+}
+
+
+static void simpleexp (LexState *ls, expdesc *v) {
+ /* simpleexp -> NUMBER | STRING | NIL | true | false | ... |
+ constructor | FUNCTION body | primaryexp */
+ switch (ls->t.token) {
+ case TK_NUMBER: {
+ init_exp(v, VKNUM, 0);
+ v->u.nval = ls->t.seminfo.r;
+ break;
+ }
+ case TK_STRING: {
+ codestring(ls, v, ls->t.seminfo.ts);
+ break;
+ }
+ case TK_NIL: {
+ init_exp(v, VNIL, 0);
+ break;
+ }
+ case TK_TRUE: {
+ init_exp(v, VTRUE, 0);
+ break;
+ }
+ case TK_FALSE: {
+ init_exp(v, VFALSE, 0);
+ break;
+ }
+ case TK_DOTS: { /* vararg */
+ FuncState *fs = ls->fs;
+ check_condition(ls, fs->f->is_vararg,
+ "cannot use " LUA_QL("...") " outside a vararg function");
+ fs->f->is_vararg &= ~VARARG_NEEDSARG; /* don't need 'arg' */
+ init_exp(v, VVARARG, luaK_codeABC(fs, OP_VARARG, 0, 1, 0));
+ break;
+ }
+ case '{': { /* constructor */
+ constructor(ls, v);
+ return;
+ }
+ case TK_FUNCTION: {
+ luaX_next(ls);
+ body(ls, v, 0, ls->linenumber);
+ return;
+ }
+ default: {
+ primaryexp(ls, v);
+ return;
+ }
+ }
+ luaX_next(ls);
+}
+
+
+static UnOpr getunopr (int op) {
+ switch (op) {
+ case TK_NOT: return OPR_NOT;
+ case '-': return OPR_MINUS;
+ case '#': return OPR_LEN;
+ default: return OPR_NOUNOPR;
+ }
+}
+
+
+static BinOpr getbinopr (int op) {
+ switch (op) {
+ case '+': return OPR_ADD;
+ case '-': return OPR_SUB;
+ case '*': return OPR_MUL;
+ case '/': return OPR_DIV;
+ case '%': return OPR_MOD;
+ case '^': return OPR_POW;
+ case TK_CONCAT: return OPR_CONCAT;
+ case TK_NE: return OPR_NE;
+ case TK_EQ: return OPR_EQ;
+ case '<': return OPR_LT;
+ case TK_LE: return OPR_LE;
+ case '>': return OPR_GT;
+ case TK_GE: return OPR_GE;
+ case TK_AND: return OPR_AND;
+ case TK_OR: return OPR_OR;
+ default: return OPR_NOBINOPR;
+ }
+}
+
+
+static const struct {
+ lu_byte left; /* left priority for each binary operator */
+ lu_byte right; /* right priority */
+} priority[] = { /* ORDER OPR */
+ {6, 6}, {6, 6}, {7, 7}, {7, 7}, {7, 7}, /* `+' `-' `/' `%' */
+ {10, 9}, {5, 4}, /* power and concat (right associative) */
+ {3, 3}, {3, 3}, /* equality and inequality */
+ {3, 3}, {3, 3}, {3, 3}, {3, 3}, /* order */
+ {2, 2}, {1, 1} /* logical (and/or) */
+};
+
+#define UNARY_PRIORITY 8 /* priority for unary operators */
+
+
+/*
+** subexpr -> (simpleexp | unop subexpr) { binop subexpr }
+** where `binop' is any binary operator with a priority higher than `limit'
+*/
+static BinOpr subexpr (LexState *ls, expdesc *v, unsigned int limit) {
+ BinOpr op;
+ UnOpr uop;
+ enterlevel(ls);
+ uop = getunopr(ls->t.token);
+ if (uop != OPR_NOUNOPR) {
+ luaX_next(ls);
+ subexpr(ls, v, UNARY_PRIORITY);
+ luaK_prefix(ls->fs, uop, v);
+ }
+ else simpleexp(ls, v);
+ /* expand while operators have priorities higher than `limit' */
+ op = getbinopr(ls->t.token);
+ while (op != OPR_NOBINOPR && priority[op].left > limit) {
+ expdesc v2;
+ BinOpr nextop;
+ luaX_next(ls);
+ luaK_infix(ls->fs, op, v);
+ /* read sub-expression with higher priority */
+ nextop = subexpr(ls, &v2, priority[op].right);
+ luaK_posfix(ls->fs, op, v, &v2);
+ op = nextop;
+ }
+ leavelevel(ls);
+ return op; /* return first untreated operator */
+}
+
+
+static void expr (LexState *ls, expdesc *v) {
+ subexpr(ls, v, 0);
+}
+
+/* }==================================================================== */
+
+
+
+/*
+** {======================================================================
+** Rules for Statements
+** =======================================================================
+*/
+
+
+static int block_follow (int token) {
+ switch (token) {
+ case TK_ELSE: case TK_ELSEIF: case TK_END:
+ case TK_UNTIL: case TK_EOS:
+ return 1;
+ default: return 0;
+ }
+}
+
+
+static void block (LexState *ls) {
+ /* block -> chunk */
+ FuncState *fs = ls->fs;
+ BlockCnt bl;
+ enterblock(fs, &bl, 0);
+ chunk(ls);
+ lua_assert(bl.breaklist == NO_JUMP);
+ leaveblock(fs);
+}
+
+
+/*
+** structure to chain all variables in the left-hand side of an
+** assignment
+*/
+struct LHS_assign {
+ struct LHS_assign *prev;
+ expdesc v; /* variable (global, local, upvalue, or indexed) */
+};
+
+
+/*
+** check whether, in an assignment to a local variable, the local variable
+** is needed in a previous assignment (to a table). If so, save original
+** local value in a safe place and use this safe copy in the previous
+** assignment.
+*/
+static void check_conflict (LexState *ls, struct LHS_assign *lh, expdesc *v) {
+ FuncState *fs = ls->fs;
+ int extra = fs->freereg; /* eventual position to save local variable */
+ int conflict = 0;
+ for (; lh; lh = lh->prev) {
+ if (lh->v.k == VINDEXED) {
+ if (lh->v.u.s.info == v->u.s.info) { /* conflict? */
+ conflict = 1;
+ lh->v.u.s.info = extra; /* previous assignment will use safe copy */
+ }
+ if (lh->v.u.s.aux == v->u.s.info) { /* conflict? */
+ conflict = 1;
+ lh->v.u.s.aux = extra; /* previous assignment will use safe copy */
+ }
+ }
+ }
+ if (conflict) {
+ luaK_codeABC(fs, OP_MOVE, fs->freereg, v->u.s.info, 0); /* make copy */
+ luaK_reserveregs(fs, 1);
+ }
+}
+
+
+static void assignment (LexState *ls, struct LHS_assign *lh, int nvars) {
+ expdesc e;
+ check_condition(ls, VLOCAL <= lh->v.k && lh->v.k <= VINDEXED,
+ "syntax error");
+ if (testnext(ls, ',')) { /* assignment -> `,' primaryexp assignment */
+ struct LHS_assign nv;
+ nv.prev = lh;
+ primaryexp(ls, &nv.v);
+ if (nv.v.k == VLOCAL)
+ check_conflict(ls, lh, &nv.v);
+ luaY_checklimit(ls->fs, nvars, LUAI_MAXCCALLS - ls->L->nCcalls,
+ "variables in assignment");
+ assignment(ls, &nv, nvars+1);
+ }
+ else { /* assignment -> `=' explist1 */
+ int nexps;
+ checknext(ls, '=');
+ nexps = explist1(ls, &e);
+ if (nexps != nvars) {
+ adjust_assign(ls, nvars, nexps, &e);
+ if (nexps > nvars)
+ ls->fs->freereg -= nexps - nvars; /* remove extra values */
+ }
+ else {
+ luaK_setoneret(ls->fs, &e); /* close last expression */
+ luaK_storevar(ls->fs, &lh->v, &e);
+ return; /* avoid default */
+ }
+ }
+ init_exp(&e, VNONRELOC, ls->fs->freereg-1); /* default assignment */
+ luaK_storevar(ls->fs, &lh->v, &e);
+}
+
+
+static int cond (LexState *ls) {
+ /* cond -> exp */
+ expdesc v;
+ expr(ls, &v); /* read condition */
+ if (v.k == VNIL) v.k = VFALSE; /* `falses' are all equal here */
+ luaK_goiftrue(ls->fs, &v);
+ return v.f;
+}
+
+
+static void breakstat (LexState *ls) {
+ FuncState *fs = ls->fs;
+ BlockCnt *bl = fs->bl;
+ int upval = 0;
+ while (bl && !bl->isbreakable) {
+ upval |= bl->upval;
+ bl = bl->previous;
+ }
+ if (!bl)
+ luaX_syntaxerror(ls, "no loop to break");
+ if (upval)
+ luaK_codeABC(fs, OP_CLOSE, bl->nactvar, 0, 0);
+ luaK_concat(fs, &bl->breaklist, luaK_jump(fs));
+}
+
+
+static void whilestat (LexState *ls, int line) {
+ /* whilestat -> WHILE cond DO block END */
+ FuncState *fs = ls->fs;
+ int whileinit;
+ int condexit;
+ BlockCnt bl;
+ luaX_next(ls); /* skip WHILE */
+ whileinit = luaK_getlabel(fs);
+ condexit = cond(ls);
+ enterblock(fs, &bl, 1);
+ checknext(ls, TK_DO);
+ block(ls);
+ luaK_patchlist(fs, luaK_jump(fs), whileinit);
+ check_match(ls, TK_END, TK_WHILE, line);
+ leaveblock(fs);
+ luaK_patchtohere(fs, condexit); /* false conditions finish the loop */
+}
+
+
+static void repeatstat (LexState *ls, int line) {
+ /* repeatstat -> REPEAT block UNTIL cond */
+ int condexit;
+ FuncState *fs = ls->fs;
+ int repeat_init = luaK_getlabel(fs);
+ BlockCnt bl1, bl2;
+ enterblock(fs, &bl1, 1); /* loop block */
+ enterblock(fs, &bl2, 0); /* scope block */
+ luaX_next(ls); /* skip REPEAT */
+ chunk(ls);
+ check_match(ls, TK_UNTIL, TK_REPEAT, line);
+ condexit = cond(ls); /* read condition (inside scope block) */
+ if (!bl2.upval) { /* no upvalues? */
+ leaveblock(fs); /* finish scope */
+ luaK_patchlist(ls->fs, condexit, repeat_init); /* close the loop */
+ }
+ else { /* complete semantics when there are upvalues */
+ breakstat(ls); /* if condition then break */
+ luaK_patchtohere(ls->fs, condexit); /* else... */
+ leaveblock(fs); /* finish scope... */
+ luaK_patchlist(ls->fs, luaK_jump(fs), repeat_init); /* and repeat */
+ }
+ leaveblock(fs); /* finish loop */
+}
+
+
+static int exp1 (LexState *ls) {
+ expdesc e;
+ int k;
+ expr(ls, &e);
+ k = e.k;
+ luaK_exp2nextreg(ls->fs, &e);
+ return k;
+}
+
+
+static void forbody (LexState *ls, int base, int line, int nvars, int isnum) {
+ /* forbody -> DO block */
+ BlockCnt bl;
+ FuncState *fs = ls->fs;
+ int prep, endfor;
+ adjustlocalvars(ls, 3); /* control variables */
+ checknext(ls, TK_DO);
+ prep = isnum ? luaK_codeAsBx(fs, OP_FORPREP, base, NO_JUMP) : luaK_jump(fs);
+ enterblock(fs, &bl, 0); /* scope for declared variables */
+ adjustlocalvars(ls, nvars);
+ luaK_reserveregs(fs, nvars);
+ block(ls);
+ leaveblock(fs); /* end of scope for declared variables */
+ luaK_patchtohere(fs, prep);
+ endfor = (isnum) ? luaK_codeAsBx(fs, OP_FORLOOP, base, NO_JUMP) :
+ luaK_codeABC(fs, OP_TFORLOOP, base, 0, nvars);
+ luaK_fixline(fs, line); /* pretend that `OP_FOR' starts the loop */
+ luaK_patchlist(fs, (isnum ? endfor : luaK_jump(fs)), prep + 1);
+}
+
+
+static void fornum (LexState *ls, TString *varname, int line) {
+ /* fornum -> NAME = exp1,exp1[,exp1] forbody */
+ FuncState *fs = ls->fs;
+ int base = fs->freereg;
+ new_localvarliteral(ls, "(for index)", 0);
+ new_localvarliteral(ls, "(for limit)", 1);
+ new_localvarliteral(ls, "(for step)", 2);
+ new_localvar(ls, varname, 3);
+ checknext(ls, '=');
+ exp1(ls); /* initial value */
+ checknext(ls, ',');
+ exp1(ls); /* limit */
+ if (testnext(ls, ','))
+ exp1(ls); /* optional step */
+ else { /* default step = 1 */
+ luaK_codeABx(fs, OP_LOADK, fs->freereg, luaK_numberK(fs, 1));
+ luaK_reserveregs(fs, 1);
+ }
+ forbody(ls, base, line, 1, 1);
+}
+
+
+static void forlist (LexState *ls, TString *indexname) {
+ /* forlist -> NAME {,NAME} IN explist1 forbody */
+ FuncState *fs = ls->fs;
+ expdesc e;
+ int nvars = 0;
+ int line;
+ int base = fs->freereg;
+ /* create control variables */
+ new_localvarliteral(ls, "(for generator)", nvars++);
+ new_localvarliteral(ls, "(for state)", nvars++);
+ new_localvarliteral(ls, "(for control)", nvars++);
+ /* create declared variables */
+ new_localvar(ls, indexname, nvars++);
+ while (testnext(ls, ','))
+ new_localvar(ls, str_checkname(ls), nvars++);
+ checknext(ls, TK_IN);
+ line = ls->linenumber;
+ adjust_assign(ls, 3, explist1(ls, &e), &e);
+ luaK_checkstack(fs, 3); /* extra space to call generator */
+ forbody(ls, base, line, nvars - 3, 0);
+}
+
+
+static void forstat (LexState *ls, int line) {
+ /* forstat -> FOR (fornum | forlist) END */
+ FuncState *fs = ls->fs;
+ TString *varname;
+ BlockCnt bl;
+ enterblock(fs, &bl, 1); /* scope for loop and control variables */
+ luaX_next(ls); /* skip `for' */
+ varname = str_checkname(ls); /* first variable name */
+ switch (ls->t.token) {
+ case '=': fornum(ls, varname, line); break;
+ case ',': case TK_IN: forlist(ls, varname); break;
+ default: luaX_syntaxerror(ls, LUA_QL("=") " or " LUA_QL("in") " expected");
+ }
+ check_match(ls, TK_END, TK_FOR, line);
+ leaveblock(fs); /* loop scope (`break' jumps to this point) */
+}
+
+
+static int test_then_block (LexState *ls) {
+ /* test_then_block -> [IF | ELSEIF] cond THEN block */
+ int condexit;
+ luaX_next(ls); /* skip IF or ELSEIF */
+ condexit = cond(ls);
+ checknext(ls, TK_THEN);
+ block(ls); /* `then' part */
+ return condexit;
+}
+
+
+static void ifstat (LexState *ls, int line) {
+ /* ifstat -> IF cond THEN block {ELSEIF cond THEN block} [ELSE block] END */
+ FuncState *fs = ls->fs;
+ int flist;
+ int escapelist = NO_JUMP;
+ flist = test_then_block(ls); /* IF cond THEN block */
+ while (ls->t.token == TK_ELSEIF) {
+ luaK_concat(fs, &escapelist, luaK_jump(fs));
+ luaK_patchtohere(fs, flist);
+ flist = test_then_block(ls); /* ELSEIF cond THEN block */
+ }
+ if (ls->t.token == TK_ELSE) {
+ luaK_concat(fs, &escapelist, luaK_jump(fs));
+ luaK_patchtohere(fs, flist);
+ luaX_next(ls); /* skip ELSE (after patch, for correct line info) */
+ block(ls); /* `else' part */
+ }
+ else
+ luaK_concat(fs, &escapelist, flist);
+ luaK_patchtohere(fs, escapelist);
+ check_match(ls, TK_END, TK_IF, line);
+}
+
+
+static void localfunc (LexState *ls) {
+ expdesc v, b;
+ FuncState *fs = ls->fs;
+ new_localvar(ls, str_checkname(ls), 0);
+ init_exp(&v, VLOCAL, fs->freereg);
+ luaK_reserveregs(fs, 1);
+ adjustlocalvars(ls, 1);
+ body(ls, &b, 0, ls->linenumber);
+ luaK_storevar(fs, &v, &b);
+ /* debug information will only see the variable after this point! */
+ getlocvar(fs, fs->nactvar - 1).startpc = fs->pc;
+}
+
+
+static void localstat (LexState *ls) {
+ /* stat -> LOCAL NAME {`,' NAME} [`=' explist1] */
+ int nvars = 0;
+ int nexps;
+ expdesc e;
+ do {
+ new_localvar(ls, str_checkname(ls), nvars++);
+ } while (testnext(ls, ','));
+ if (testnext(ls, '='))
+ nexps = explist1(ls, &e);
+ else {
+ e.k = VVOID;
+ nexps = 0;
+ }
+ adjust_assign(ls, nvars, nexps, &e);
+ adjustlocalvars(ls, nvars);
+}
+
+
+static int funcname (LexState *ls, expdesc *v) {
+ /* funcname -> NAME {field} [`:' NAME] */
+ int needself = 0;
+ singlevar(ls, v);
+ while (ls->t.token == '.')
+ field(ls, v);
+ if (ls->t.token == ':') {
+ needself = 1;
+ field(ls, v);
+ }
+ return needself;
+}
+
+
+static void funcstat (LexState *ls, int line) {
+ /* funcstat -> FUNCTION funcname body */
+ int needself;
+ expdesc v, b;
+ luaX_next(ls); /* skip FUNCTION */
+ needself = funcname(ls, &v);
+ body(ls, &b, needself, line);
+ luaK_storevar(ls->fs, &v, &b);
+ luaK_fixline(ls->fs, line); /* definition `happens' in the first line */
+}
+
+
+static void exprstat (LexState *ls) {
+ /* stat -> func | assignment */
+ FuncState *fs = ls->fs;
+ struct LHS_assign v;
+ primaryexp(ls, &v.v);
+ if (v.v.k == VCALL) /* stat -> func */
+ SETARG_C(getcode(fs, &v.v), 1); /* call statement uses no results */
+ else { /* stat -> assignment */
+ v.prev = NULL;
+ assignment(ls, &v, 1);
+ }
+}
+
+
+static void retstat (LexState *ls) {
+ /* stat -> RETURN explist */
+ FuncState *fs = ls->fs;
+ expdesc e;
+ int first, nret; /* registers with returned values */
+ luaX_next(ls); /* skip RETURN */
+ if (block_follow(ls->t.token) || ls->t.token == ';')
+ first = nret = 0; /* return no values */
+ else {
+ nret = explist1(ls, &e); /* optional return values */
+ if (hasmultret(e.k)) {
+ luaK_setmultret(fs, &e);
+ if (e.k == VCALL && nret == 1) { /* tail call? */
+ SET_OPCODE(getcode(fs,&e), OP_TAILCALL);
+ lua_assert(GETARG_A(getcode(fs,&e)) == fs->nactvar);
+ }
+ first = fs->nactvar;
+ nret = LUA_MULTRET; /* return all values */
+ }
+ else {
+ if (nret == 1) /* only one single value? */
+ first = luaK_exp2anyreg(fs, &e);
+ else {
+ luaK_exp2nextreg(fs, &e); /* values must go to the `stack' */
+ first = fs->nactvar; /* return all `active' values */
+ lua_assert(nret == fs->freereg - first);
+ }
+ }
+ }
+ luaK_ret(fs, first, nret);
+}
+
+
+static int statement (LexState *ls) {
+ int line = ls->linenumber; /* may be needed for error messages */
+ switch (ls->t.token) {
+ case TK_IF: { /* stat -> ifstat */
+ ifstat(ls, line);
+ return 0;
+ }
+ case TK_WHILE: { /* stat -> whilestat */
+ whilestat(ls, line);
+ return 0;
+ }
+ case TK_DO: { /* stat -> DO block END */
+ luaX_next(ls); /* skip DO */
+ block(ls);
+ check_match(ls, TK_END, TK_DO, line);
+ return 0;
+ }
+ case TK_FOR: { /* stat -> forstat */
+ forstat(ls, line);
+ return 0;
+ }
+ case TK_REPEAT: { /* stat -> repeatstat */
+ repeatstat(ls, line);
+ return 0;
+ }
+ case TK_FUNCTION: {
+ funcstat(ls, line); /* stat -> funcstat */
+ return 0;
+ }
+ case TK_LOCAL: { /* stat -> localstat */
+ luaX_next(ls); /* skip LOCAL */
+ if (testnext(ls, TK_FUNCTION)) /* local function? */
+ localfunc(ls);
+ else
+ localstat(ls);
+ return 0;
+ }
+ case TK_RETURN: { /* stat -> retstat */
+ retstat(ls);
+ return 1; /* must be last statement */
+ }
+ case TK_BREAK: { /* stat -> breakstat */
+ luaX_next(ls); /* skip BREAK */
+ breakstat(ls);
+ return 1; /* must be last statement */
+ }
+ default: {
+ exprstat(ls);
+ return 0; /* to avoid warnings */
+ }
+ }
+}
+
+
+static void chunk (LexState *ls) {
+ /* chunk -> { stat [`;'] } */
+ int islast = 0;
+ enterlevel(ls);
+ while (!islast && !block_follow(ls->t.token)) {
+ islast = statement(ls);
+ testnext(ls, ';');
+ lua_assert(ls->fs->f->maxstacksize >= ls->fs->freereg &&
+ ls->fs->freereg >= ls->fs->nactvar);
+ ls->fs->freereg = ls->fs->nactvar; /* free registers */
+ }
+ leavelevel(ls);
+}
+
+/* }====================================================================== */
--- /dev/null
+/*
+** $Id: lparser.h,v 1.57.1.1 2007/12/27 13:02:25 roberto Exp $
+** Lua Parser
+** See Copyright Notice in lua.h
+*/
+
+#ifndef lparser_h
+#define lparser_h
+
+#include "llimits.h"
+#include "lobject.h"
+#include "lzio.h"
+
+
+/*
+** Expression descriptor
+*/
+
+typedef enum {
+ VVOID, /* no value */
+ VNIL,
+ VTRUE,
+ VFALSE,
+ VK, /* info = index of constant in `k' */
+ VKNUM, /* nval = numerical value */
+ VLOCAL, /* info = local register */
+ VUPVAL, /* info = index of upvalue in `upvalues' */
+ VGLOBAL, /* info = index of table; aux = index of global name in `k' */
+ VINDEXED, /* info = table register; aux = index register (or `k') */
+ VJMP, /* info = instruction pc */
+ VRELOCABLE, /* info = instruction pc */
+ VNONRELOC, /* info = result register */
+ VCALL, /* info = instruction pc */
+ VVARARG /* info = instruction pc */
+} expkind;
+
+typedef struct expdesc {
+ expkind k;
+ union {
+ struct { int info, aux; } s;
+ lua_Number nval;
+ } u;
+ int t; /* patch list of `exit when true' */
+ int f; /* patch list of `exit when false' */
+} expdesc;
+
+
+typedef struct upvaldesc {
+ lu_byte k;
+ lu_byte info;
+} upvaldesc;
+
+
+struct BlockCnt; /* defined in lparser.c */
+
+
+/* state needed to generate code for a given function */
+typedef struct FuncState {
+ Proto *f; /* current function header */
+ Table *h; /* table to find (and reuse) elements in `k' */
+ struct FuncState *prev; /* enclosing function */
+ struct LexState *ls; /* lexical state */
+ struct lua_State *L; /* copy of the Lua state */
+ struct BlockCnt *bl; /* chain of current blocks */
+ int pc; /* next position to code (equivalent to `ncode') */
+ int lasttarget; /* `pc' of last `jump target' */
+ int jpc; /* list of pending jumps to `pc' */
+ int freereg; /* first free register */
+ int nk; /* number of elements in `k' */
+ int np; /* number of elements in `p' */
+ short nlocvars; /* number of elements in `locvars' */
+ lu_byte nactvar; /* number of active local variables */
+ upvaldesc upvalues[LUAI_MAXUPVALUES]; /* upvalues */
+ unsigned short actvar[LUAI_MAXVARS]; /* declared-variable stack */
+} FuncState;
+
+
+LUAI_FUNC Proto *luaY_parser (lua_State *L, ZIO *z, Mbuffer *buff,
+ const char *name);
+
+
+#endif
--- /dev/null
+/*
+** $Id: lstate.c,v 2.36.1.2 2008/01/03 15:20:39 roberto Exp $
+** Global State
+** See Copyright Notice in lua.h
+*/
+
+
+#include <stddef.h>
+
+#define lstate_c
+#define LUA_CORE
+
+#include "lua.h"
+
+#include "ldebug.h"
+#include "ldo.h"
+#include "lfunc.h"
+#include "lgc.h"
+#include "llex.h"
+#include "lmem.h"
+#include "lstate.h"
+#include "lstring.h"
+#include "ltable.h"
+#include "ltm.h"
+
+
+#define state_size(x) (sizeof(x) + LUAI_EXTRASPACE)
+#define fromstate(l) (cast(lu_byte *, (l)) - LUAI_EXTRASPACE)
+#define tostate(l) (cast(lua_State *, cast(lu_byte *, l) + LUAI_EXTRASPACE))
+
+
+/*
+** Main thread combines a thread state and the global state
+*/
+typedef struct LG {
+ lua_State l;
+ global_State g;
+} LG;
+
+
+
+static void stack_init (lua_State *L1, lua_State *L) {
+ /* initialize CallInfo array */
+ L1->base_ci = luaM_newvector(L, BASIC_CI_SIZE, CallInfo);
+ L1->ci = L1->base_ci;
+ L1->size_ci = BASIC_CI_SIZE;
+ L1->end_ci = L1->base_ci + L1->size_ci - 1;
+ /* initialize stack array */
+ L1->stack = luaM_newvector(L, BASIC_STACK_SIZE + EXTRA_STACK, TValue);
+ L1->stacksize = BASIC_STACK_SIZE + EXTRA_STACK;
+ L1->top = L1->stack;
+ L1->stack_last = L1->stack+(L1->stacksize - EXTRA_STACK)-1;
+ /* initialize first ci */
+ L1->ci->func = L1->top;
+ setnilvalue(L1->top++); /* `function' entry for this `ci' */
+ L1->base = L1->ci->base = L1->top;
+ L1->ci->top = L1->top + LUA_MINSTACK;
+}
+
+
+static void freestack (lua_State *L, lua_State *L1) {
+ luaM_freearray(L, L1->base_ci, L1->size_ci, CallInfo);
+ luaM_freearray(L, L1->stack, L1->stacksize, TValue);
+}
+
+
+/*
+** open parts that may cause memory-allocation errors
+*/
+static void f_luaopen (lua_State *L, void *ud) {
+ global_State *g = G(L);
+ UNUSED(ud);
+ stack_init(L, L); /* init stack */
+ sethvalue(L, gt(L), luaH_new(L, 0, 2)); /* table of globals */
+ sethvalue(L, registry(L), luaH_new(L, 0, 2)); /* registry */
+ luaS_resize(L, MINSTRTABSIZE); /* initial size of string table */
+ luaT_init(L);
+ luaX_init(L);
+ luaS_fix(luaS_newliteral(L, MEMERRMSG));
+ g->GCthreshold = 4*g->totalbytes;
+}
+
+
+static void preinit_state (lua_State *L, global_State *g) {
+ G(L) = g;
+ L->stack = NULL;
+ L->stacksize = 0;
+ L->errorJmp = NULL;
+ L->hook = NULL;
+ L->hookmask = 0;
+ L->basehookcount = 0;
+ L->allowhook = 1;
+ resethookcount(L);
+ L->openupval = NULL;
+ L->size_ci = 0;
+ L->nCcalls = L->baseCcalls = 0;
+ L->status = 0;
+ L->base_ci = L->ci = NULL;
+ L->savedpc = NULL;
+ L->errfunc = 0;
+ setnilvalue(gt(L));
+}
+
+
+static void close_state (lua_State *L) {
+ global_State *g = G(L);
+ luaF_close(L, L->stack); /* close all upvalues for this thread */
+ luaC_freeall(L); /* collect all objects */
+ lua_assert(g->rootgc == obj2gco(L));
+ lua_assert(g->strt.nuse == 0);
+ luaM_freearray(L, G(L)->strt.hash, G(L)->strt.size, TString *);
+ luaZ_freebuffer(L, &g->buff);
+ freestack(L, L);
+ lua_assert(g->totalbytes == sizeof(LG));
+ (*g->frealloc)(g->ud, fromstate(L), state_size(LG), 0);
+}
+
+
+lua_State *luaE_newthread (lua_State *L) {
+ lua_State *L1 = tostate(luaM_malloc(L, state_size(lua_State)));
+ luaC_link(L, obj2gco(L1), LUA_TTHREAD);
+ preinit_state(L1, G(L));
+ stack_init(L1, L); /* init stack */
+ setobj2n(L, gt(L1), gt(L)); /* share table of globals */
+ L1->hookmask = L->hookmask;
+ L1->basehookcount = L->basehookcount;
+ L1->hook = L->hook;
+ resethookcount(L1);
+ lua_assert(iswhite(obj2gco(L1)));
+ return L1;
+}
+
+
+void luaE_freethread (lua_State *L, lua_State *L1) {
+ luaF_close(L1, L1->stack); /* close all upvalues for this thread */
+ lua_assert(L1->openupval == NULL);
+ luai_userstatefree(L1);
+ freestack(L, L1);
+ luaM_freemem(L, fromstate(L1), state_size(lua_State));
+}
+
+
+LUA_API lua_State *lua_newstate (lua_Alloc f, void *ud) {
+ int i;
+ lua_State *L;
+ global_State *g;
+ void *l = (*f)(ud, NULL, 0, state_size(LG));
+ if (l == NULL) return NULL;
+ L = tostate(l);
+ g = &((LG *)L)->g;
+ L->next = NULL;
+ L->tt = LUA_TTHREAD;
+ g->currentwhite = bit2mask(WHITE0BIT, FIXEDBIT);
+ L->marked = luaC_white(g);
+ set2bits(L->marked, FIXEDBIT, SFIXEDBIT);
+ preinit_state(L, g);
+ g->frealloc = f;
+ g->ud = ud;
+ g->mainthread = L;
+ g->uvhead.u.l.prev = &g->uvhead;
+ g->uvhead.u.l.next = &g->uvhead;
+ g->GCthreshold = 0; /* mark it as unfinished state */
+ g->strt.size = 0;
+ g->strt.nuse = 0;
+ g->strt.hash = NULL;
+ setnilvalue(registry(L));
+ luaZ_initbuffer(L, &g->buff);
+ g->panic = NULL;
+ g->gcstate = GCSpause;
+ g->rootgc = obj2gco(L);
+ g->sweepstrgc = 0;
+ g->sweepgc = &g->rootgc;
+ g->gray = NULL;
+ g->grayagain = NULL;
+ g->weak = NULL;
+ g->tmudata = NULL;
+ g->totalbytes = sizeof(LG);
+ g->gcpause = LUAI_GCPAUSE;
+ g->gcstepmul = LUAI_GCMUL;
+ g->gcdept = 0;
+ for (i=0; i<NUM_TAGS; i++) g->mt[i] = NULL;
+ if (luaD_rawrunprotected(L, f_luaopen, NULL) != 0) {
+ /* memory allocation error: free partial state */
+ close_state(L);
+ L = NULL;
+ }
+ else
+ luai_userstateopen(L);
+ return L;
+}
+
+
+static void callallgcTM (lua_State *L, void *ud) {
+ UNUSED(ud);
+ luaC_callGCTM(L); /* call GC metamethods for all udata */
+}
+
+
+LUA_API void lua_close (lua_State *L) {
+ L = G(L)->mainthread; /* only the main thread can be closed */
+ lua_lock(L);
+ luaF_close(L, L->stack); /* close all upvalues for this thread */
+ luaC_separateudata(L, 1); /* separate udata that have GC metamethods */
+ L->errfunc = 0; /* no error function during GC metamethods */
+ do { /* repeat until no more errors */
+ L->ci = L->base_ci;
+ L->base = L->top = L->ci->base;
+ L->nCcalls = L->baseCcalls = 0;
+ } while (luaD_rawrunprotected(L, callallgcTM, NULL) != 0);
+ lua_assert(G(L)->tmudata == NULL);
+ luai_userstateclose(L);
+ close_state(L);
+}
+
--- /dev/null
+/*
+** $Id: lstate.h,v 2.24.1.2 2008/01/03 15:20:39 roberto Exp $
+** Global State
+** See Copyright Notice in lua.h
+*/
+
+#ifndef lstate_h
+#define lstate_h
+
+#include "lua.h"
+
+#include "lobject.h"
+#include "ltm.h"
+#include "lzio.h"
+
+
+
+struct lua_longjmp; /* defined in ldo.c */
+
+
+/* table of globals */
+#define gt(L) (&L->l_gt)
+
+/* registry */
+#define registry(L) (&G(L)->l_registry)
+
+
+/* extra stack space to handle TM calls and some other extras */
+#define EXTRA_STACK 5
+
+
+#define BASIC_CI_SIZE 8
+
+#define BASIC_STACK_SIZE (2*LUA_MINSTACK)
+
+
+
+typedef struct stringtable {
+ GCObject **hash;
+ lu_int32 nuse; /* number of elements */
+ int size;
+} stringtable;
+
+
+/*
+** informations about a call
+*/
+typedef struct CallInfo {
+ StkId base; /* base for this function */
+ StkId func; /* function index in the stack */
+ StkId top; /* top for this function */
+ const Instruction *savedpc;
+ int nresults; /* expected number of results from this function */
+ int tailcalls; /* number of tail calls lost under this entry */
+} CallInfo;
+
+
+
+#define curr_func(L) (clvalue(L->ci->func))
+#define ci_func(ci) (clvalue((ci)->func))
+#define f_isLua(ci) (!ci_func(ci)->c.isC)
+#define isLua(ci) (ttisfunction((ci)->func) && f_isLua(ci))
+
+
+/*
+** `global state', shared by all threads of this state
+*/
+typedef struct global_State {
+ stringtable strt; /* hash table for strings */
+ lua_Alloc frealloc; /* function to reallocate memory */
+ void *ud; /* auxiliary data to `frealloc' */
+ lu_byte currentwhite;
+ lu_byte gcstate; /* state of garbage collector */
+ int sweepstrgc; /* position of sweep in `strt' */
+ GCObject *rootgc; /* list of all collectable objects */
+ GCObject **sweepgc; /* position of sweep in `rootgc' */
+ GCObject *gray; /* list of gray objects */
+ GCObject *grayagain; /* list of objects to be traversed atomically */
+ GCObject *weak; /* list of weak tables (to be cleared) */
+ GCObject *tmudata; /* last element of list of userdata to be GC */
+ Mbuffer buff; /* temporary buffer for string concatentation */
+ lu_mem GCthreshold;
+ lu_mem totalbytes; /* number of bytes currently allocated */
+ lu_mem estimate; /* an estimate of number of bytes actually in use */
+ lu_mem gcdept; /* how much GC is `behind schedule' */
+ int gcpause; /* size of pause between successive GCs */
+ int gcstepmul; /* GC `granularity' */
+ lua_CFunction panic; /* to be called in unprotected errors */
+ TValue l_registry;
+ struct lua_State *mainthread;
+ UpVal uvhead; /* head of double-linked list of all open upvalues */
+ struct Table *mt[NUM_TAGS]; /* metatables for basic types */
+ TString *tmname[TM_N]; /* array with tag-method names */
+} global_State;
+
+
+/*
+** `per thread' state
+*/
+struct lua_State {
+ CommonHeader;
+ lu_byte status;
+ StkId top; /* first free slot in the stack */
+ StkId base; /* base of current function */
+ global_State *l_G;
+ CallInfo *ci; /* call info for current function */
+ const Instruction *savedpc; /* `savedpc' of current function */
+ StkId stack_last; /* last free slot in the stack */
+ StkId stack; /* stack base */
+ CallInfo *end_ci; /* points after end of ci array*/
+ CallInfo *base_ci; /* array of CallInfo's */
+ int stacksize;
+ int size_ci; /* size of array `base_ci' */
+ unsigned short nCcalls; /* number of nested C calls */
+ unsigned short baseCcalls; /* nested C calls when resuming coroutine */
+ lu_byte hookmask;
+ lu_byte allowhook;
+ int basehookcount;
+ int hookcount;
+ lua_Hook hook;
+ TValue l_gt; /* table of globals */
+ TValue env; /* temporary place for environments */
+ GCObject *openupval; /* list of open upvalues in this stack */
+ GCObject *gclist;
+ struct lua_longjmp *errorJmp; /* current error recover point */
+ ptrdiff_t errfunc; /* current error handling function (stack index) */
+};
+
+
+#define G(L) (L->l_G)
+
+
+/*
+** Union of all collectable objects
+*/
+union GCObject {
+ GCheader gch;
+ union TString ts;
+ union Udata u;
+ union Closure cl;
+ struct Table h;
+ struct Proto p;
+ struct UpVal uv;
+ struct lua_State th; /* thread */
+};
+
+
+/* macros to convert a GCObject into a specific value */
+#define rawgco2ts(o) check_exp((o)->gch.tt == LUA_TSTRING, &((o)->ts))
+#define gco2ts(o) (&rawgco2ts(o)->tsv)
+#define rawgco2u(o) check_exp((o)->gch.tt == LUA_TUSERDATA, &((o)->u))
+#define gco2u(o) (&rawgco2u(o)->uv)
+#define gco2cl(o) check_exp((o)->gch.tt == LUA_TFUNCTION, &((o)->cl))
+#define gco2h(o) check_exp((o)->gch.tt == LUA_TTABLE, &((o)->h))
+#define gco2p(o) check_exp((o)->gch.tt == LUA_TPROTO, &((o)->p))
+#define gco2uv(o) check_exp((o)->gch.tt == LUA_TUPVAL, &((o)->uv))
+#define ngcotouv(o) \
+ check_exp((o) == NULL || (o)->gch.tt == LUA_TUPVAL, &((o)->uv))
+#define gco2th(o) check_exp((o)->gch.tt == LUA_TTHREAD, &((o)->th))
+
+/* macro to convert any Lua object into a GCObject */
+#define obj2gco(v) (cast(GCObject *, (v)))
+
+
+LUAI_FUNC lua_State *luaE_newthread (lua_State *L);
+LUAI_FUNC void luaE_freethread (lua_State *L, lua_State *L1);
+
+#endif
+
--- /dev/null
+/*
+** $Id: lstring.c,v 2.8.1.1 2007/12/27 13:02:25 roberto Exp $
+** String table (keeps all strings handled by Lua)
+** See Copyright Notice in lua.h
+*/
+
+
+#include <string.h>
+
+#define lstring_c
+#define LUA_CORE
+
+#include "lua.h"
+
+#include "lmem.h"
+#include "lobject.h"
+#include "lstate.h"
+#include "lstring.h"
+
+
+
+void luaS_resize (lua_State *L, int newsize) {
+ GCObject **newhash;
+ stringtable *tb;
+ int i;
+ if (G(L)->gcstate == GCSsweepstring)
+ return; /* cannot resize during GC traverse */
+ newhash = luaM_newvector(L, newsize, GCObject *);
+ tb = &G(L)->strt;
+ for (i=0; i<newsize; i++) newhash[i] = NULL;
+ /* rehash */
+ for (i=0; i<tb->size; i++) {
+ GCObject *p = tb->hash[i];
+ while (p) { /* for each node in the list */
+ GCObject *next = p->gch.next; /* save next */
+ unsigned int h = gco2ts(p)->hash;
+ int h1 = lmod(h, newsize); /* new position */
+ lua_assert(cast_int(h%newsize) == lmod(h, newsize));
+ p->gch.next = newhash[h1]; /* chain it */
+ newhash[h1] = p;
+ p = next;
+ }
+ }
+ luaM_freearray(L, tb->hash, tb->size, TString *);
+ tb->size = newsize;
+ tb->hash = newhash;
+}
+
+
+static TString *newlstr (lua_State *L, const char *str, size_t l,
+ unsigned int h) {
+ TString *ts;
+ stringtable *tb;
+ if (l+1 > (MAX_SIZET - sizeof(TString))/sizeof(char))
+ luaM_toobig(L);
+ ts = cast(TString *, luaM_malloc(L, (l+1)*sizeof(char)+sizeof(TString)));
+ ts->tsv.len = l;
+ ts->tsv.hash = h;
+ ts->tsv.marked = luaC_white(G(L));
+ ts->tsv.tt = LUA_TSTRING;
+ ts->tsv.reserved = 0;
+ memcpy(ts+1, str, l*sizeof(char));
+ ((char *)(ts+1))[l] = '\0'; /* ending 0 */
+ tb = &G(L)->strt;
+ h = lmod(h, tb->size);
+ ts->tsv.next = tb->hash[h]; /* chain new entry */
+ tb->hash[h] = obj2gco(ts);
+ tb->nuse++;
+ if (tb->nuse > cast(lu_int32, tb->size) && tb->size <= MAX_INT/2)
+ luaS_resize(L, tb->size*2); /* too crowded */
+ return ts;
+}
+
+
+TString *luaS_newlstr (lua_State *L, const char *str, size_t l) {
+ GCObject *o;
+ unsigned int h = cast(unsigned int, l); /* seed */
+ size_t step = (l>>5)+1; /* if string is too long, don't hash all its chars */
+ size_t l1;
+ for (l1=l; l1>=step; l1-=step) /* compute hash */
+ h = h ^ ((h<<5)+(h>>2)+cast(unsigned char, str[l1-1]));
+ for (o = G(L)->strt.hash[lmod(h, G(L)->strt.size)];
+ o != NULL;
+ o = o->gch.next) {
+ TString *ts = rawgco2ts(o);
+ if (ts->tsv.len == l && (memcmp(str, getstr(ts), l) == 0)) {
+ /* string may be dead */
+ if (isdead(G(L), o)) changewhite(o);
+ return ts;
+ }
+ }
+ return newlstr(L, str, l, h); /* not found */
+}
+
+
+Udata *luaS_newudata (lua_State *L, size_t s, Table *e) {
+ Udata *u;
+ if (s > MAX_SIZET - sizeof(Udata))
+ luaM_toobig(L);
+ u = cast(Udata *, luaM_malloc(L, s + sizeof(Udata)));
+ u->uv.marked = luaC_white(G(L)); /* is not finalized */
+ u->uv.tt = LUA_TUSERDATA;
+ u->uv.len = s;
+ u->uv.metatable = NULL;
+ u->uv.env = e;
+ /* chain it on udata list (after main thread) */
+ u->uv.next = G(L)->mainthread->next;
+ G(L)->mainthread->next = obj2gco(u);
+ return u;
+}
+
--- /dev/null
+/*
+** $Id: lstring.h,v 1.43.1.1 2007/12/27 13:02:25 roberto Exp $
+** String table (keep all strings handled by Lua)
+** See Copyright Notice in lua.h
+*/
+
+#ifndef lstring_h
+#define lstring_h
+
+
+#include "lgc.h"
+#include "lobject.h"
+#include "lstate.h"
+
+
+#define sizestring(s) (sizeof(union TString)+((s)->len+1)*sizeof(char))
+
+#define sizeudata(u) (sizeof(union Udata)+(u)->len)
+
+#define luaS_new(L, s) (luaS_newlstr(L, s, strlen(s)))
+#define luaS_newliteral(L, s) (luaS_newlstr(L, "" s, \
+ (sizeof(s)/sizeof(char))-1))
+
+#define luaS_fix(s) l_setbit((s)->tsv.marked, FIXEDBIT)
+
+LUAI_FUNC void luaS_resize (lua_State *L, int newsize);
+LUAI_FUNC Udata *luaS_newudata (lua_State *L, size_t s, Table *e);
+LUAI_FUNC TString *luaS_newlstr (lua_State *L, const char *str, size_t l);
+
+
+#endif
--- /dev/null
+/*
+** $Id: lstrlib.c,v 1.132.1.5 2010/05/14 15:34:19 roberto Exp $
+** Standard library for string operations and pattern-matching
+** See Copyright Notice in lua.h
+*/
+
+
+#include <ctype.h>
+#include <stddef.h>
+#include <stdio.h>
+#include <stdlib.h>
+#include <string.h>
+
+#define lstrlib_c
+#define LUA_LIB
+
+#include "lua.h"
+
+#include "lauxlib.h"
+#include "lualib.h"
+
+
+/* macro to `unsign' a character */
+#define uchar(c) ((unsigned char)(c))
+
+
+
+static int str_len (lua_State *L) {
+ size_t l;
+ luaL_checklstring(L, 1, &l);
+ lua_pushinteger(L, l);
+ return 1;
+}
+
+
+static ptrdiff_t posrelat (ptrdiff_t pos, size_t len) {
+ /* relative string position: negative means back from end */
+ if (pos < 0) pos += (ptrdiff_t)len + 1;
+ return (pos >= 0) ? pos : 0;
+}
+
+
+static int str_sub (lua_State *L) {
+ size_t l;
+ const char *s = luaL_checklstring(L, 1, &l);
+ ptrdiff_t start = posrelat(luaL_checkinteger(L, 2), l);
+ ptrdiff_t end = posrelat(luaL_optinteger(L, 3, -1), l);
+ if (start < 1) start = 1;
+ if (end > (ptrdiff_t)l) end = (ptrdiff_t)l;
+ if (start <= end)
+ lua_pushlstring(L, s+start-1, end-start+1);
+ else lua_pushliteral(L, "");
+ return 1;
+}
+
+
+static int str_reverse (lua_State *L) {
+ size_t l;
+ luaL_Buffer b;
+ const char *s = luaL_checklstring(L, 1, &l);
+ luaL_buffinit(L, &b);
+ while (l--) luaL_addchar(&b, s[l]);
+ luaL_pushresult(&b);
+ return 1;
+}
+
+
+static int str_lower (lua_State *L) {
+ size_t l;
+ size_t i;
+ luaL_Buffer b;
+ const char *s = luaL_checklstring(L, 1, &l);
+ luaL_buffinit(L, &b);
+ for (i=0; i<l; i++)
+ luaL_addchar(&b, tolower(uchar(s[i])));
+ luaL_pushresult(&b);
+ return 1;
+}
+
+
+static int str_upper (lua_State *L) {
+ size_t l;
+ size_t i;
+ luaL_Buffer b;
+ const char *s = luaL_checklstring(L, 1, &l);
+ luaL_buffinit(L, &b);
+ for (i=0; i<l; i++)
+ luaL_addchar(&b, toupper(uchar(s[i])));
+ luaL_pushresult(&b);
+ return 1;
+}
+
+static int str_rep (lua_State *L) {
+ size_t l;
+ luaL_Buffer b;
+ const char *s = luaL_checklstring(L, 1, &l);
+ int n = luaL_checkint(L, 2);
+ luaL_buffinit(L, &b);
+ while (n-- > 0)
+ luaL_addlstring(&b, s, l);
+ luaL_pushresult(&b);
+ return 1;
+}
+
+
+static int str_byte (lua_State *L) {
+ size_t l;
+ const char *s = luaL_checklstring(L, 1, &l);
+ ptrdiff_t posi = posrelat(luaL_optinteger(L, 2, 1), l);
+ ptrdiff_t pose = posrelat(luaL_optinteger(L, 3, posi), l);
+ int n, i;
+ if (posi <= 0) posi = 1;
+ if ((size_t)pose > l) pose = l;
+ if (posi > pose) return 0; /* empty interval; return no values */
+ n = (int)(pose - posi + 1);
+ if (posi + n <= pose) /* overflow? */
+ luaL_error(L, "string slice too long");
+ luaL_checkstack(L, n, "string slice too long");
+ for (i=0; i<n; i++)
+ lua_pushinteger(L, uchar(s[posi+i-1]));
+ return n;
+}
+
+
+static int str_char (lua_State *L) {
+ int n = lua_gettop(L); /* number of arguments */
+ int i;
+ luaL_Buffer b;
+ luaL_buffinit(L, &b);
+ for (i=1; i<=n; i++) {
+ int c = luaL_checkint(L, i);
+ luaL_argcheck(L, uchar(c) == c, i, "invalid value");
+ luaL_addchar(&b, uchar(c));
+ }
+ luaL_pushresult(&b);
+ return 1;
+}
+
+
+static int writer (lua_State *L, const void* b, size_t size, void* B) {
+ (void)L;
+ luaL_addlstring((luaL_Buffer*) B, (const char *)b, size);
+ return 0;
+}
+
+
+static int str_dump (lua_State *L) {
+ luaL_Buffer b;
+ luaL_checktype(L, 1, LUA_TFUNCTION);
+ lua_settop(L, 1);
+ luaL_buffinit(L,&b);
+ if (lua_dump(L, writer, &b) != 0)
+ luaL_error(L, "unable to dump given function");
+ luaL_pushresult(&b);
+ return 1;
+}
+
+
+
+/*
+** {======================================================
+** PATTERN MATCHING
+** =======================================================
+*/
+
+
+#define CAP_UNFINISHED (-1)
+#define CAP_POSITION (-2)
+
+typedef struct MatchState {
+ const char *src_init; /* init of source string */
+ const char *src_end; /* end (`\0') of source string */
+ lua_State *L;
+ int level; /* total number of captures (finished or unfinished) */
+ struct {
+ const char *init;
+ ptrdiff_t len;
+ } capture[LUA_MAXCAPTURES];
+} MatchState;
+
+
+#define L_ESC '%'
+#define SPECIALS "^$*+?.([%-"
+
+
+static int check_capture (MatchState *ms, int l) {
+ l -= '1';
+ if (l < 0 || l >= ms->level || ms->capture[l].len == CAP_UNFINISHED)
+ return luaL_error(ms->L, "invalid capture index");
+ return l;
+}
+
+
+static int capture_to_close (MatchState *ms) {
+ int level = ms->level;
+ for (level--; level>=0; level--)
+ if (ms->capture[level].len == CAP_UNFINISHED) return level;
+ return luaL_error(ms->L, "invalid pattern capture");
+}
+
+
+static const char *classend (MatchState *ms, const char *p) {
+ switch (*p++) {
+ case L_ESC: {
+ if (*p == '\0')
+ luaL_error(ms->L, "malformed pattern (ends with " LUA_QL("%%") ")");
+ return p+1;
+ }
+ case '[': {
+ if (*p == '^') p++;
+ do { /* look for a `]' */
+ if (*p == '\0')
+ luaL_error(ms->L, "malformed pattern (missing " LUA_QL("]") ")");
+ if (*(p++) == L_ESC && *p != '\0')
+ p++; /* skip escapes (e.g. `%]') */
+ } while (*p != ']');
+ return p+1;
+ }
+ default: {
+ return p;
+ }
+ }
+}
+
+
+static int match_class (int c, int cl) {
+ int res;
+ switch (tolower(cl)) {
+ case 'a' : res = isalpha(c); break;
+ case 'c' : res = iscntrl(c); break;
+ case 'd' : res = isdigit(c); break;
+ case 'l' : res = islower(c); break;
+ case 'p' : res = ispunct(c); break;
+ case 's' : res = isspace(c); break;
+ case 'u' : res = isupper(c); break;
+ case 'w' : res = isalnum(c); break;
+ case 'x' : res = isxdigit(c); break;
+ case 'z' : res = (c == 0); break;
+ default: return (cl == c);
+ }
+ return (islower(cl) ? res : !res);
+}
+
+
+static int matchbracketclass (int c, const char *p, const char *ec) {
+ int sig = 1;
+ if (*(p+1) == '^') {
+ sig = 0;
+ p++; /* skip the `^' */
+ }
+ while (++p < ec) {
+ if (*p == L_ESC) {
+ p++;
+ if (match_class(c, uchar(*p)))
+ return sig;
+ }
+ else if ((*(p+1) == '-') && (p+2 < ec)) {
+ p+=2;
+ if (uchar(*(p-2)) <= c && c <= uchar(*p))
+ return sig;
+ }
+ else if (uchar(*p) == c) return sig;
+ }
+ return !sig;
+}
+
+
+static int singlematch (int c, const char *p, const char *ep) {
+ switch (*p) {
+ case '.': return 1; /* matches any char */
+ case L_ESC: return match_class(c, uchar(*(p+1)));
+ case '[': return matchbracketclass(c, p, ep-1);
+ default: return (uchar(*p) == c);
+ }
+}
+
+
+static const char *match (MatchState *ms, const char *s, const char *p);
+
+
+static const char *matchbalance (MatchState *ms, const char *s,
+ const char *p) {
+ if (*p == 0 || *(p+1) == 0)
+ luaL_error(ms->L, "unbalanced pattern");
+ if (*s != *p) return NULL;
+ else {
+ int b = *p;
+ int e = *(p+1);
+ int cont = 1;
+ while (++s < ms->src_end) {
+ if (*s == e) {
+ if (--cont == 0) return s+1;
+ }
+ else if (*s == b) cont++;
+ }
+ }
+ return NULL; /* string ends out of balance */
+}
+
+
+static const char *max_expand (MatchState *ms, const char *s,
+ const char *p, const char *ep) {
+ ptrdiff_t i = 0; /* counts maximum expand for item */
+ while ((s+i)<ms->src_end && singlematch(uchar(*(s+i)), p, ep))
+ i++;
+ /* keeps trying to match with the maximum repetitions */
+ while (i>=0) {
+ const char *res = match(ms, (s+i), ep+1);
+ if (res) return res;
+ i--; /* else didn't match; reduce 1 repetition to try again */
+ }
+ return NULL;
+}
+
+
+static const char *min_expand (MatchState *ms, const char *s,
+ const char *p, const char *ep) {
+ for (;;) {
+ const char *res = match(ms, s, ep+1);
+ if (res != NULL)
+ return res;
+ else if (s<ms->src_end && singlematch(uchar(*s), p, ep))
+ s++; /* try with one more repetition */
+ else return NULL;
+ }
+}
+
+
+static const char *start_capture (MatchState *ms, const char *s,
+ const char *p, int what) {
+ const char *res;
+ int level = ms->level;
+ if (level >= LUA_MAXCAPTURES) luaL_error(ms->L, "too many captures");
+ ms->capture[level].init = s;
+ ms->capture[level].len = what;
+ ms->level = level+1;
+ if ((res=match(ms, s, p)) == NULL) /* match failed? */
+ ms->level--; /* undo capture */
+ return res;
+}
+
+
+static const char *end_capture (MatchState *ms, const char *s,
+ const char *p) {
+ int l = capture_to_close(ms);
+ const char *res;
+ ms->capture[l].len = s - ms->capture[l].init; /* close capture */
+ if ((res = match(ms, s, p)) == NULL) /* match failed? */
+ ms->capture[l].len = CAP_UNFINISHED; /* undo capture */
+ return res;
+}
+
+
+static const char *match_capture (MatchState *ms, const char *s, int l) {
+ size_t len;
+ l = check_capture(ms, l);
+ len = ms->capture[l].len;
+ if ((size_t)(ms->src_end-s) >= len &&
+ memcmp(ms->capture[l].init, s, len) == 0)
+ return s+len;
+ else return NULL;
+}
+
+
+static const char *match (MatchState *ms, const char *s, const char *p) {
+ init: /* using goto's to optimize tail recursion */
+ switch (*p) {
+ case '(': { /* start capture */
+ if (*(p+1) == ')') /* position capture? */
+ return start_capture(ms, s, p+2, CAP_POSITION);
+ else
+ return start_capture(ms, s, p+1, CAP_UNFINISHED);
+ }
+ case ')': { /* end capture */
+ return end_capture(ms, s, p+1);
+ }
+ case L_ESC: {
+ switch (*(p+1)) {
+ case 'b': { /* balanced string? */
+ s = matchbalance(ms, s, p+2);
+ if (s == NULL) return NULL;
+ p+=4; goto init; /* else return match(ms, s, p+4); */
+ }
+ case 'f': { /* frontier? */
+ const char *ep; char previous;
+ p += 2;
+ if (*p != '[')
+ luaL_error(ms->L, "missing " LUA_QL("[") " after "
+ LUA_QL("%%f") " in pattern");
+ ep = classend(ms, p); /* points to what is next */
+ previous = (s == ms->src_init) ? '\0' : *(s-1);
+ if (matchbracketclass(uchar(previous), p, ep-1) ||
+ !matchbracketclass(uchar(*s), p, ep-1)) return NULL;
+ p=ep; goto init; /* else return match(ms, s, ep); */
+ }
+ default: {
+ if (isdigit(uchar(*(p+1)))) { /* capture results (%0-%9)? */
+ s = match_capture(ms, s, uchar(*(p+1)));
+ if (s == NULL) return NULL;
+ p+=2; goto init; /* else return match(ms, s, p+2) */
+ }
+ goto dflt; /* case default */
+ }
+ }
+ }
+ case '\0': { /* end of pattern */
+ return s; /* match succeeded */
+ }
+ case '$': {
+ if (*(p+1) == '\0') /* is the `$' the last char in pattern? */
+ return (s == ms->src_end) ? s : NULL; /* check end of string */
+ else goto dflt;
+ }
+ default: dflt: { /* it is a pattern item */
+ const char *ep = classend(ms, p); /* points to what is next */
+ int m = s<ms->src_end && singlematch(uchar(*s), p, ep);
+ switch (*ep) {
+ case '?': { /* optional */
+ const char *res;
+ if (m && ((res=match(ms, s+1, ep+1)) != NULL))
+ return res;
+ p=ep+1; goto init; /* else return match(ms, s, ep+1); */
+ }
+ case '*': { /* 0 or more repetitions */
+ return max_expand(ms, s, p, ep);
+ }
+ case '+': { /* 1 or more repetitions */
+ return (m ? max_expand(ms, s+1, p, ep) : NULL);
+ }
+ case '-': { /* 0 or more repetitions (minimum) */
+ return min_expand(ms, s, p, ep);
+ }
+ default: {
+ if (!m) return NULL;
+ s++; p=ep; goto init; /* else return match(ms, s+1, ep); */
+ }
+ }
+ }
+ }
+}
+
+
+
+static const char *lmemfind (const char *s1, size_t l1,
+ const char *s2, size_t l2) {
+ if (l2 == 0) return s1; /* empty strings are everywhere */
+ else if (l2 > l1) return NULL; /* avoids a negative `l1' */
+ else {
+ const char *init; /* to search for a `*s2' inside `s1' */
+ l2--; /* 1st char will be checked by `memchr' */
+ l1 = l1-l2; /* `s2' cannot be found after that */
+ while (l1 > 0 && (init = (const char *)memchr(s1, *s2, l1)) != NULL) {
+ init++; /* 1st char is already checked */
+ if (memcmp(init, s2+1, l2) == 0)
+ return init-1;
+ else { /* correct `l1' and `s1' to try again */
+ l1 -= init-s1;
+ s1 = init;
+ }
+ }
+ return NULL; /* not found */
+ }
+}
+
+
+static void push_onecapture (MatchState *ms, int i, const char *s,
+ const char *e) {
+ if (i >= ms->level) {
+ if (i == 0) /* ms->level == 0, too */
+ lua_pushlstring(ms->L, s, e - s); /* add whole match */
+ else
+ luaL_error(ms->L, "invalid capture index");
+ }
+ else {
+ ptrdiff_t l = ms->capture[i].len;
+ if (l == CAP_UNFINISHED) luaL_error(ms->L, "unfinished capture");
+ if (l == CAP_POSITION)
+ lua_pushinteger(ms->L, ms->capture[i].init - ms->src_init + 1);
+ else
+ lua_pushlstring(ms->L, ms->capture[i].init, l);
+ }
+}
+
+
+static int push_captures (MatchState *ms, const char *s, const char *e) {
+ int i;
+ int nlevels = (ms->level == 0 && s) ? 1 : ms->level;
+ luaL_checkstack(ms->L, nlevels, "too many captures");
+ for (i = 0; i < nlevels; i++)
+ push_onecapture(ms, i, s, e);
+ return nlevels; /* number of strings pushed */
+}
+
+
+static int str_find_aux (lua_State *L, int find) {
+ size_t l1, l2;
+ const char *s = luaL_checklstring(L, 1, &l1);
+ const char *p = luaL_checklstring(L, 2, &l2);
+ ptrdiff_t init = posrelat(luaL_optinteger(L, 3, 1), l1) - 1;
+ if (init < 0) init = 0;
+ else if ((size_t)(init) > l1) init = (ptrdiff_t)l1;
+ if (find && (lua_toboolean(L, 4) || /* explicit request? */
+ strpbrk(p, SPECIALS) == NULL)) { /* or no special characters? */
+ /* do a plain search */
+ const char *s2 = lmemfind(s+init, l1-init, p, l2);
+ if (s2) {
+ lua_pushinteger(L, s2-s+1);
+ lua_pushinteger(L, s2-s+l2);
+ return 2;
+ }
+ }
+ else {
+ MatchState ms;
+ int anchor = (*p == '^') ? (p++, 1) : 0;
+ const char *s1=s+init;
+ ms.L = L;
+ ms.src_init = s;
+ ms.src_end = s+l1;
+ do {
+ const char *res;
+ ms.level = 0;
+ if ((res=match(&ms, s1, p)) != NULL) {
+ if (find) {
+ lua_pushinteger(L, s1-s+1); /* start */
+ lua_pushinteger(L, res-s); /* end */
+ return push_captures(&ms, NULL, 0) + 2;
+ }
+ else
+ return push_captures(&ms, s1, res);
+ }
+ } while (s1++ < ms.src_end && !anchor);
+ }
+ lua_pushnil(L); /* not found */
+ return 1;
+}
+
+
+static int str_find (lua_State *L) {
+ return str_find_aux(L, 1);
+}
+
+
+static int str_match (lua_State *L) {
+ return str_find_aux(L, 0);
+}
+
+
+static int gmatch_aux (lua_State *L) {
+ MatchState ms;
+ size_t ls;
+ const char *s = lua_tolstring(L, lua_upvalueindex(1), &ls);
+ const char *p = lua_tostring(L, lua_upvalueindex(2));
+ const char *src;
+ ms.L = L;
+ ms.src_init = s;
+ ms.src_end = s+ls;
+ for (src = s + (size_t)lua_tointeger(L, lua_upvalueindex(3));
+ src <= ms.src_end;
+ src++) {
+ const char *e;
+ ms.level = 0;
+ if ((e = match(&ms, src, p)) != NULL) {
+ lua_Integer newstart = e-s;
+ if (e == src) newstart++; /* empty match? go at least one position */
+ lua_pushinteger(L, newstart);
+ lua_replace(L, lua_upvalueindex(3));
+ return push_captures(&ms, src, e);
+ }
+ }
+ return 0; /* not found */
+}
+
+
+static int gmatch (lua_State *L) {
+ luaL_checkstring(L, 1);
+ luaL_checkstring(L, 2);
+ lua_settop(L, 2);
+ lua_pushinteger(L, 0);
+ lua_pushcclosure(L, gmatch_aux, 3);
+ return 1;
+}
+
+
+static int gfind_nodef (lua_State *L) {
+ return luaL_error(L, LUA_QL("string.gfind") " was renamed to "
+ LUA_QL("string.gmatch"));
+}
+
+
+static void add_s (MatchState *ms, luaL_Buffer *b, const char *s,
+ const char *e) {
+ size_t l, i;
+ const char *news = lua_tolstring(ms->L, 3, &l);
+ for (i = 0; i < l; i++) {
+ if (news[i] != L_ESC)
+ luaL_addchar(b, news[i]);
+ else {
+ i++; /* skip ESC */
+ if (!isdigit(uchar(news[i])))
+ luaL_addchar(b, news[i]);
+ else if (news[i] == '0')
+ luaL_addlstring(b, s, e - s);
+ else {
+ push_onecapture(ms, news[i] - '1', s, e);
+ luaL_addvalue(b); /* add capture to accumulated result */
+ }
+ }
+ }
+}
+
+
+static void add_value (MatchState *ms, luaL_Buffer *b, const char *s,
+ const char *e) {
+ lua_State *L = ms->L;
+ switch (lua_type(L, 3)) {
+ case LUA_TNUMBER:
+ case LUA_TSTRING: {
+ add_s(ms, b, s, e);
+ return;
+ }
+ case LUA_TFUNCTION: {
+ int n;
+ lua_pushvalue(L, 3);
+ n = push_captures(ms, s, e);
+ lua_call(L, n, 1);
+ break;
+ }
+ case LUA_TTABLE: {
+ push_onecapture(ms, 0, s, e);
+ lua_gettable(L, 3);
+ break;
+ }
+ }
+ if (!lua_toboolean(L, -1)) { /* nil or false? */
+ lua_pop(L, 1);
+ lua_pushlstring(L, s, e - s); /* keep original text */
+ }
+ else if (!lua_isstring(L, -1))
+ luaL_error(L, "invalid replacement value (a %s)", luaL_typename(L, -1));
+ luaL_addvalue(b); /* add result to accumulator */
+}
+
+
+static int str_gsub (lua_State *L) {
+ size_t srcl;
+ const char *src = luaL_checklstring(L, 1, &srcl);
+ const char *p = luaL_checkstring(L, 2);
+ int tr = lua_type(L, 3);
+ int max_s = luaL_optint(L, 4, srcl+1);
+ int anchor = (*p == '^') ? (p++, 1) : 0;
+ int n = 0;
+ MatchState ms;
+ luaL_Buffer b;
+ luaL_argcheck(L, tr == LUA_TNUMBER || tr == LUA_TSTRING ||
+ tr == LUA_TFUNCTION || tr == LUA_TTABLE, 3,
+ "string/function/table expected");
+ luaL_buffinit(L, &b);
+ ms.L = L;
+ ms.src_init = src;
+ ms.src_end = src+srcl;
+ while (n < max_s) {
+ const char *e;
+ ms.level = 0;
+ e = match(&ms, src, p);
+ if (e) {
+ n++;
+ add_value(&ms, &b, src, e);
+ }
+ if (e && e>src) /* non empty match? */
+ src = e; /* skip it */
+ else if (src < ms.src_end)
+ luaL_addchar(&b, *src++);
+ else break;
+ if (anchor) break;
+ }
+ luaL_addlstring(&b, src, ms.src_end-src);
+ luaL_pushresult(&b);
+ lua_pushinteger(L, n); /* number of substitutions */
+ return 2;
+}
+
+/* }====================================================== */
+
+
+/* maximum size of each formatted item (> len(format('%99.99f', -1e308))) */
+#define MAX_ITEM 512
+/* valid flags in a format specification */
+#define FLAGS "-+ #0"
+/*
+** maximum size of each format specification (such as '%-099.99d')
+** (+10 accounts for %99.99x plus margin of error)
+*/
+#define MAX_FORMAT (sizeof(FLAGS) + sizeof(LUA_INTFRMLEN) + 10)
+
+
+static void addquoted (lua_State *L, luaL_Buffer *b, int arg) {
+ size_t l;
+ const char *s = luaL_checklstring(L, arg, &l);
+ luaL_addchar(b, '"');
+ while (l--) {
+ switch (*s) {
+ case '"': case '\\': case '\n': {
+ luaL_addchar(b, '\\');
+ luaL_addchar(b, *s);
+ break;
+ }
+ case '\r': {
+ luaL_addlstring(b, "\\r", 2);
+ break;
+ }
+ case '\0': {
+ luaL_addlstring(b, "\\000", 4);
+ break;
+ }
+ default: {
+ luaL_addchar(b, *s);
+ break;
+ }
+ }
+ s++;
+ }
+ luaL_addchar(b, '"');
+}
+
+static const char *scanformat (lua_State *L, const char *strfrmt, char *form) {
+ const char *p = strfrmt;
+ while (*p != '\0' && strchr(FLAGS, *p) != NULL) p++; /* skip flags */
+ if ((size_t)(p - strfrmt) >= sizeof(FLAGS))
+ luaL_error(L, "invalid format (repeated flags)");
+ if (isdigit(uchar(*p))) p++; /* skip width */
+ if (isdigit(uchar(*p))) p++; /* (2 digits at most) */
+ if (*p == '.') {
+ p++;
+ if (isdigit(uchar(*p))) p++; /* skip precision */
+ if (isdigit(uchar(*p))) p++; /* (2 digits at most) */
+ }
+ if (isdigit(uchar(*p)))
+ luaL_error(L, "invalid format (width or precision too long)");
+ *(form++) = '%';
+ strncpy(form, strfrmt, p - strfrmt + 1);
+ form += p - strfrmt + 1;
+ *form = '\0';
+ return p;
+}
+
+
+static void addintlen (char *form) {
+ size_t l = strlen(form);
+ char spec = form[l - 1];
+ strcpy(form + l - 1, LUA_INTFRMLEN);
+ form[l + sizeof(LUA_INTFRMLEN) - 2] = spec;
+ form[l + sizeof(LUA_INTFRMLEN) - 1] = '\0';
+}
+
+
+static int str_format (lua_State *L) {
+ int top = lua_gettop(L);
+ int arg = 1;
+ size_t sfl;
+ const char *strfrmt = luaL_checklstring(L, arg, &sfl);
+ const char *strfrmt_end = strfrmt+sfl;
+ luaL_Buffer b;
+ luaL_buffinit(L, &b);
+ while (strfrmt < strfrmt_end) {
+ if (*strfrmt != L_ESC)
+ luaL_addchar(&b, *strfrmt++);
+ else if (*++strfrmt == L_ESC)
+ luaL_addchar(&b, *strfrmt++); /* %% */
+ else { /* format item */
+ char form[MAX_FORMAT]; /* to store the format (`%...') */
+ char buff[MAX_ITEM]; /* to store the formatted item */
+ if (++arg > top)
+ luaL_argerror(L, arg, "no value");
+ strfrmt = scanformat(L, strfrmt, form);
+ switch (*strfrmt++) {
+ case 'c': {
+ sprintf(buff, form, (int)luaL_checknumber(L, arg));
+ break;
+ }
+ case 'd': case 'i': {
+ addintlen(form);
+ sprintf(buff, form, (LUA_INTFRM_T)luaL_checknumber(L, arg));
+ break;
+ }
+ case 'o': case 'u': case 'x': case 'X': {
+ addintlen(form);
+ sprintf(buff, form, (unsigned LUA_INTFRM_T)luaL_checknumber(L, arg));
+ break;
+ }
+ case 'e': case 'E': case 'f':
+ case 'g': case 'G': {
+ sprintf(buff, form, (double)luaL_checknumber(L, arg));
+ break;
+ }
+ case 'q': {
+ addquoted(L, &b, arg);
+ continue; /* skip the 'addsize' at the end */
+ }
+ case 's': {
+ size_t l;
+ const char *s = luaL_checklstring(L, arg, &l);
+ if (!strchr(form, '.') && l >= 100) {
+ /* no precision and string is too long to be formatted;
+ keep original string */
+ lua_pushvalue(L, arg);
+ luaL_addvalue(&b);
+ continue; /* skip the `addsize' at the end */
+ }
+ else {
+ sprintf(buff, form, s);
+ break;
+ }
+ }
+ default: { /* also treat cases `pnLlh' */
+ return luaL_error(L, "invalid option " LUA_QL("%%%c") " to "
+ LUA_QL("format"), *(strfrmt - 1));
+ }
+ }
+ luaL_addlstring(&b, buff, strlen(buff));
+ }
+ }
+ luaL_pushresult(&b);
+ return 1;
+}
+
+
+static const luaL_Reg strlib[] = {
+ {"byte", str_byte},
+ {"char", str_char},
+ {"dump", str_dump},
+ {"find", str_find},
+ {"format", str_format},
+ {"gfind", gfind_nodef},
+ {"gmatch", gmatch},
+ {"gsub", str_gsub},
+ {"len", str_len},
+ {"lower", str_lower},
+ {"match", str_match},
+ {"rep", str_rep},
+ {"reverse", str_reverse},
+ {"sub", str_sub},
+ {"upper", str_upper},
+ {NULL, NULL}
+};
+
+
+static void createmetatable (lua_State *L) {
+ lua_createtable(L, 0, 1); /* create metatable for strings */
+ lua_pushliteral(L, ""); /* dummy string */
+ lua_pushvalue(L, -2);
+ lua_setmetatable(L, -2); /* set string metatable */
+ lua_pop(L, 1); /* pop dummy string */
+ lua_pushvalue(L, -2); /* string library... */
+ lua_setfield(L, -2, "__index"); /* ...is the __index metamethod */
+ lua_pop(L, 1); /* pop metatable */
+}
+
+
+/*
+** Open string library
+*/
+LUALIB_API int luaopen_string (lua_State *L) {
+ luaL_register(L, LUA_STRLIBNAME, strlib);
+#if defined(LUA_COMPAT_GFIND)
+ lua_getfield(L, -1, "gmatch");
+ lua_setfield(L, -2, "gfind");
+#endif
+ createmetatable(L);
+ return 1;
+}
+
--- /dev/null
+/*
+** $Id: ltable.c,v 2.32.1.2 2007/12/28 15:32:23 roberto Exp $
+** Lua tables (hash)
+** See Copyright Notice in lua.h
+*/
+
+
+/*
+** Implementation of tables (aka arrays, objects, or hash tables).
+** Tables keep its elements in two parts: an array part and a hash part.
+** Non-negative integer keys are all candidates to be kept in the array
+** part. The actual size of the array is the largest `n' such that at
+** least half the slots between 0 and n are in use.
+** Hash uses a mix of chained scatter table with Brent's variation.
+** A main invariant of these tables is that, if an element is not
+** in its main position (i.e. the `original' position that its hash gives
+** to it), then the colliding element is in its own main position.
+** Hence even when the load factor reaches 100%, performance remains good.
+*/
+
+#include <math.h>
+#include <string.h>
+
+#define ltable_c
+#define LUA_CORE
+
+#include "lua.h"
+
+#include "ldebug.h"
+#include "ldo.h"
+#include "lgc.h"
+#include "lmem.h"
+#include "lobject.h"
+#include "lstate.h"
+#include "ltable.h"
+
+
+/*
+** max size of array part is 2^MAXBITS
+*/
+#if LUAI_BITSINT > 26
+#define MAXBITS 26
+#else
+#define MAXBITS (LUAI_BITSINT-2)
+#endif
+
+#define MAXASIZE (1 << MAXBITS)
+
+
+#define hashpow2(t,n) (gnode(t, lmod((n), sizenode(t))))
+
+#define hashstr(t,str) hashpow2(t, (str)->tsv.hash)
+#define hashboolean(t,p) hashpow2(t, p)
+
+
+/*
+** for some types, it is better to avoid modulus by power of 2, as
+** they tend to have many 2 factors.
+*/
+#define hashmod(t,n) (gnode(t, ((n) % ((sizenode(t)-1)|1))))
+
+
+#define hashpointer(t,p) hashmod(t, IntPoint(p))
+
+
+/*
+** number of ints inside a lua_Number
+*/
+#define numints cast_int(sizeof(lua_Number)/sizeof(int))
+
+
+
+#define dummynode (&dummynode_)
+
+static const Node dummynode_ = {
+ {{NULL}, LUA_TNIL}, /* value */
+ {{{NULL}, LUA_TNIL, NULL}} /* key */
+};
+
+
+/*
+** hash for lua_Numbers
+*/
+static Node *hashnum (const Table *t, lua_Number n) {
+ unsigned int a[numints];
+ int i;
+ if (luai_numeq(n, 0)) /* avoid problems with -0 */
+ return gnode(t, 0);
+ memcpy(a, &n, sizeof(a));
+ for (i = 1; i < numints; i++) a[0] += a[i];
+ return hashmod(t, a[0]);
+}
+
+
+
+/*
+** returns the `main' position of an element in a table (that is, the index
+** of its hash value)
+*/
+static Node *mainposition (const Table *t, const TValue *key) {
+ switch (ttype(key)) {
+ case LUA_TNUMBER:
+ return hashnum(t, nvalue(key));
+ case LUA_TSTRING:
+ return hashstr(t, rawtsvalue(key));
+ case LUA_TBOOLEAN:
+ return hashboolean(t, bvalue(key));
+ case LUA_TLIGHTUSERDATA:
+ return hashpointer(t, pvalue(key));
+ default:
+ return hashpointer(t, gcvalue(key));
+ }
+}
+
+
+/*
+** returns the index for `key' if `key' is an appropriate key to live in
+** the array part of the table, -1 otherwise.
+*/
+static int arrayindex (const TValue *key) {
+ if (ttisnumber(key)) {
+ lua_Number n = nvalue(key);
+ int k;
+ lua_number2int(k, n);
+ if (luai_numeq(cast_num(k), n))
+ return k;
+ }
+ return -1; /* `key' did not match some condition */
+}
+
+
+/*
+** returns the index of a `key' for table traversals. First goes all
+** elements in the array part, then elements in the hash part. The
+** beginning of a traversal is signalled by -1.
+*/
+static int findindex (lua_State *L, Table *t, StkId key) {
+ int i;
+ if (ttisnil(key)) return -1; /* first iteration */
+ i = arrayindex(key);
+ if (0 < i && i <= t->sizearray) /* is `key' inside array part? */
+ return i-1; /* yes; that's the index (corrected to C) */
+ else {
+ Node *n = mainposition(t, key);
+ do { /* check whether `key' is somewhere in the chain */
+ /* key may be dead already, but it is ok to use it in `next' */
+ if (luaO_rawequalObj(key2tval(n), key) ||
+ (ttype(gkey(n)) == LUA_TDEADKEY && iscollectable(key) &&
+ gcvalue(gkey(n)) == gcvalue(key))) {
+ i = cast_int(n - gnode(t, 0)); /* key index in hash table */
+ /* hash elements are numbered after array ones */
+ return i + t->sizearray;
+ }
+ else n = gnext(n);
+ } while (n);
+ luaG_runerror(L, "invalid key to " LUA_QL("next")); /* key not found */
+ return 0; /* to avoid warnings */
+ }
+}
+
+
+int luaH_next (lua_State *L, Table *t, StkId key) {
+ int i = findindex(L, t, key); /* find original element */
+ for (i++; i < t->sizearray; i++) { /* try first array part */
+ if (!ttisnil(&t->array[i])) { /* a non-nil value? */
+ setnvalue(key, cast_num(i+1));
+ setobj2s(L, key+1, &t->array[i]);
+ return 1;
+ }
+ }
+ for (i -= t->sizearray; i < sizenode(t); i++) { /* then hash part */
+ if (!ttisnil(gval(gnode(t, i)))) { /* a non-nil value? */
+ setobj2s(L, key, key2tval(gnode(t, i)));
+ setobj2s(L, key+1, gval(gnode(t, i)));
+ return 1;
+ }
+ }
+ return 0; /* no more elements */
+}
+
+
+/*
+** {=============================================================
+** Rehash
+** ==============================================================
+*/
+
+
+static int computesizes (int nums[], int *narray) {
+ int i;
+ int twotoi; /* 2^i */
+ int a = 0; /* number of elements smaller than 2^i */
+ int na = 0; /* number of elements to go to array part */
+ int n = 0; /* optimal size for array part */
+ for (i = 0, twotoi = 1; twotoi/2 < *narray; i++, twotoi *= 2) {
+ if (nums[i] > 0) {
+ a += nums[i];
+ if (a > twotoi/2) { /* more than half elements present? */
+ n = twotoi; /* optimal size (till now) */
+ na = a; /* all elements smaller than n will go to array part */
+ }
+ }
+ if (a == *narray) break; /* all elements already counted */
+ }
+ *narray = n;
+ lua_assert(*narray/2 <= na && na <= *narray);
+ return na;
+}
+
+
+static int countint (const TValue *key, int *nums) {
+ int k = arrayindex(key);
+ if (0 < k && k <= MAXASIZE) { /* is `key' an appropriate array index? */
+ nums[ceillog2(k)]++; /* count as such */
+ return 1;
+ }
+ else
+ return 0;
+}
+
+
+static int numusearray (const Table *t, int *nums) {
+ int lg;
+ int ttlg; /* 2^lg */
+ int ause = 0; /* summation of `nums' */
+ int i = 1; /* count to traverse all array keys */
+ for (lg=0, ttlg=1; lg<=MAXBITS; lg++, ttlg*=2) { /* for each slice */
+ int lc = 0; /* counter */
+ int lim = ttlg;
+ if (lim > t->sizearray) {
+ lim = t->sizearray; /* adjust upper limit */
+ if (i > lim)
+ break; /* no more elements to count */
+ }
+ /* count elements in range (2^(lg-1), 2^lg] */
+ for (; i <= lim; i++) {
+ if (!ttisnil(&t->array[i-1]))
+ lc++;
+ }
+ nums[lg] += lc;
+ ause += lc;
+ }
+ return ause;
+}
+
+
+static int numusehash (const Table *t, int *nums, int *pnasize) {
+ int totaluse = 0; /* total number of elements */
+ int ause = 0; /* summation of `nums' */
+ int i = sizenode(t);
+ while (i--) {
+ Node *n = &t->node[i];
+ if (!ttisnil(gval(n))) {
+ ause += countint(key2tval(n), nums);
+ totaluse++;
+ }
+ }
+ *pnasize += ause;
+ return totaluse;
+}
+
+
+static void setarrayvector (lua_State *L, Table *t, int size) {
+ int i;
+ luaM_reallocvector(L, t->array, t->sizearray, size, TValue);
+ for (i=t->sizearray; i<size; i++)
+ setnilvalue(&t->array[i]);
+ t->sizearray = size;
+}
+
+
+static void setnodevector (lua_State *L, Table *t, int size) {
+ int lsize;
+ if (size == 0) { /* no elements to hash part? */
+ t->node = cast(Node *, dummynode); /* use common `dummynode' */
+ lsize = 0;
+ }
+ else {
+ int i;
+ lsize = ceillog2(size);
+ if (lsize > MAXBITS)
+ luaG_runerror(L, "table overflow");
+ size = twoto(lsize);
+ t->node = luaM_newvector(L, size, Node);
+ for (i=0; i<size; i++) {
+ Node *n = gnode(t, i);
+ gnext(n) = NULL;
+ setnilvalue(gkey(n));
+ setnilvalue(gval(n));
+ }
+ }
+ t->lsizenode = cast_byte(lsize);
+ t->lastfree = gnode(t, size); /* all positions are free */
+}
+
+
+static void resize (lua_State *L, Table *t, int nasize, int nhsize) {
+ int i;
+ int oldasize = t->sizearray;
+ int oldhsize = t->lsizenode;
+ Node *nold = t->node; /* save old hash ... */
+ if (nasize > oldasize) /* array part must grow? */
+ setarrayvector(L, t, nasize);
+ /* create new hash part with appropriate size */
+ setnodevector(L, t, nhsize);
+ if (nasize < oldasize) { /* array part must shrink? */
+ t->sizearray = nasize;
+ /* re-insert elements from vanishing slice */
+ for (i=nasize; i<oldasize; i++) {
+ if (!ttisnil(&t->array[i]))
+ setobjt2t(L, luaH_setnum(L, t, i+1), &t->array[i]);
+ }
+ /* shrink array */
+ luaM_reallocvector(L, t->array, oldasize, nasize, TValue);
+ }
+ /* re-insert elements from hash part */
+ for (i = twoto(oldhsize) - 1; i >= 0; i--) {
+ Node *old = nold+i;
+ if (!ttisnil(gval(old)))
+ setobjt2t(L, luaH_set(L, t, key2tval(old)), gval(old));
+ }
+ if (nold != dummynode)
+ luaM_freearray(L, nold, twoto(oldhsize), Node); /* free old array */
+}
+
+
+void luaH_resizearray (lua_State *L, Table *t, int nasize) {
+ int nsize = (t->node == dummynode) ? 0 : sizenode(t);
+ resize(L, t, nasize, nsize);
+}
+
+
+static void rehash (lua_State *L, Table *t, const TValue *ek) {
+ int nasize, na;
+ int nums[MAXBITS+1]; /* nums[i] = number of keys between 2^(i-1) and 2^i */
+ int i;
+ int totaluse;
+ for (i=0; i<=MAXBITS; i++) nums[i] = 0; /* reset counts */
+ nasize = numusearray(t, nums); /* count keys in array part */
+ totaluse = nasize; /* all those keys are integer keys */
+ totaluse += numusehash(t, nums, &nasize); /* count keys in hash part */
+ /* count extra key */
+ nasize += countint(ek, nums);
+ totaluse++;
+ /* compute new size for array part */
+ na = computesizes(nums, &nasize);
+ /* resize the table to new computed sizes */
+ resize(L, t, nasize, totaluse - na);
+}
+
+
+
+/*
+** }=============================================================
+*/
+
+
+Table *luaH_new (lua_State *L, int narray, int nhash) {
+ Table *t = luaM_new(L, Table);
+ luaC_link(L, obj2gco(t), LUA_TTABLE);
+ t->metatable = NULL;
+ t->flags = cast_byte(~0);
+ /* temporary values (kept only if some malloc fails) */
+ t->array = NULL;
+ t->sizearray = 0;
+ t->lsizenode = 0;
+ t->node = cast(Node *, dummynode);
+ setarrayvector(L, t, narray);
+ setnodevector(L, t, nhash);
+ return t;
+}
+
+
+void luaH_free (lua_State *L, Table *t) {
+ if (t->node != dummynode)
+ luaM_freearray(L, t->node, sizenode(t), Node);
+ luaM_freearray(L, t->array, t->sizearray, TValue);
+ luaM_free(L, t);
+}
+
+
+static Node *getfreepos (Table *t) {
+ while (t->lastfree-- > t->node) {
+ if (ttisnil(gkey(t->lastfree)))
+ return t->lastfree;
+ }
+ return NULL; /* could not find a free place */
+}
+
+
+
+/*
+** inserts a new key into a hash table; first, check whether key's main
+** position is free. If not, check whether colliding node is in its main
+** position or not: if it is not, move colliding node to an empty place and
+** put new key in its main position; otherwise (colliding node is in its main
+** position), new key goes to an empty position.
+*/
+static TValue *newkey (lua_State *L, Table *t, const TValue *key) {
+ Node *mp = mainposition(t, key);
+ if (!ttisnil(gval(mp)) || mp == dummynode) {
+ Node *othern;
+ Node *n = getfreepos(t); /* get a free place */
+ if (n == NULL) { /* cannot find a free place? */
+ rehash(L, t, key); /* grow table */
+ return luaH_set(L, t, key); /* re-insert key into grown table */
+ }
+ lua_assert(n != dummynode);
+ othern = mainposition(t, key2tval(mp));
+ if (othern != mp) { /* is colliding node out of its main position? */
+ /* yes; move colliding node into free position */
+ while (gnext(othern) != mp) othern = gnext(othern); /* find previous */
+ gnext(othern) = n; /* redo the chain with `n' in place of `mp' */
+ *n = *mp; /* copy colliding node into free pos. (mp->next also goes) */
+ gnext(mp) = NULL; /* now `mp' is free */
+ setnilvalue(gval(mp));
+ }
+ else { /* colliding node is in its own main position */
+ /* new node will go into free position */
+ gnext(n) = gnext(mp); /* chain new position */
+ gnext(mp) = n;
+ mp = n;
+ }
+ }
+ gkey(mp)->value = key->value; gkey(mp)->tt = key->tt;
+ luaC_barriert(L, t, key);
+ lua_assert(ttisnil(gval(mp)));
+ return gval(mp);
+}
+
+
+/*
+** search function for integers
+*/
+const TValue *luaH_getnum (Table *t, int key) {
+ /* (1 <= key && key <= t->sizearray) */
+ if (cast(unsigned int, key-1) < cast(unsigned int, t->sizearray))
+ return &t->array[key-1];
+ else {
+ lua_Number nk = cast_num(key);
+ Node *n = hashnum(t, nk);
+ do { /* check whether `key' is somewhere in the chain */
+ if (ttisnumber(gkey(n)) && luai_numeq(nvalue(gkey(n)), nk))
+ return gval(n); /* that's it */
+ else n = gnext(n);
+ } while (n);
+ return luaO_nilobject;
+ }
+}
+
+
+/*
+** search function for strings
+*/
+const TValue *luaH_getstr (Table *t, TString *key) {
+ Node *n = hashstr(t, key);
+ do { /* check whether `key' is somewhere in the chain */
+ if (ttisstring(gkey(n)) && rawtsvalue(gkey(n)) == key)
+ return gval(n); /* that's it */
+ else n = gnext(n);
+ } while (n);
+ return luaO_nilobject;
+}
+
+
+/*
+** main search function
+*/
+const TValue *luaH_get (Table *t, const TValue *key) {
+ switch (ttype(key)) {
+ case LUA_TNIL: return luaO_nilobject;
+ case LUA_TSTRING: return luaH_getstr(t, rawtsvalue(key));
+ case LUA_TNUMBER: {
+ int k;
+ lua_Number n = nvalue(key);
+ lua_number2int(k, n);
+ if (luai_numeq(cast_num(k), nvalue(key))) /* index is int? */
+ return luaH_getnum(t, k); /* use specialized version */
+ /* else go through */
+ }
+ default: {
+ Node *n = mainposition(t, key);
+ do { /* check whether `key' is somewhere in the chain */
+ if (luaO_rawequalObj(key2tval(n), key))
+ return gval(n); /* that's it */
+ else n = gnext(n);
+ } while (n);
+ return luaO_nilobject;
+ }
+ }
+}
+
+
+TValue *luaH_set (lua_State *L, Table *t, const TValue *key) {
+ const TValue *p = luaH_get(t, key);
+ t->flags = 0;
+ if (p != luaO_nilobject)
+ return cast(TValue *, p);
+ else {
+ if (ttisnil(key)) luaG_runerror(L, "table index is nil");
+ else if (ttisnumber(key) && luai_numisnan(nvalue(key)))
+ luaG_runerror(L, "table index is NaN");
+ return newkey(L, t, key);
+ }
+}
+
+
+TValue *luaH_setnum (lua_State *L, Table *t, int key) {
+ const TValue *p = luaH_getnum(t, key);
+ if (p != luaO_nilobject)
+ return cast(TValue *, p);
+ else {
+ TValue k;
+ setnvalue(&k, cast_num(key));
+ return newkey(L, t, &k);
+ }
+}
+
+
+TValue *luaH_setstr (lua_State *L, Table *t, TString *key) {
+ const TValue *p = luaH_getstr(t, key);
+ if (p != luaO_nilobject)
+ return cast(TValue *, p);
+ else {
+ TValue k;
+ setsvalue(L, &k, key);
+ return newkey(L, t, &k);
+ }
+}
+
+
+static int unbound_search (Table *t, unsigned int j) {
+ unsigned int i = j; /* i is zero or a present index */
+ j++;
+ /* find `i' and `j' such that i is present and j is not */
+ while (!ttisnil(luaH_getnum(t, j))) {
+ i = j;
+ j *= 2;
+ if (j > cast(unsigned int, MAX_INT)) { /* overflow? */
+ /* table was built with bad purposes: resort to linear search */
+ i = 1;
+ while (!ttisnil(luaH_getnum(t, i))) i++;
+ return i - 1;
+ }
+ }
+ /* now do a binary search between them */
+ while (j - i > 1) {
+ unsigned int m = (i+j)/2;
+ if (ttisnil(luaH_getnum(t, m))) j = m;
+ else i = m;
+ }
+ return i;
+}
+
+
+/*
+** Try to find a boundary in table `t'. A `boundary' is an integer index
+** such that t[i] is non-nil and t[i+1] is nil (and 0 if t[1] is nil).
+*/
+int luaH_getn (Table *t) {
+ unsigned int j = t->sizearray;
+ if (j > 0 && ttisnil(&t->array[j - 1])) {
+ /* there is a boundary in the array part: (binary) search for it */
+ unsigned int i = 0;
+ while (j - i > 1) {
+ unsigned int m = (i+j)/2;
+ if (ttisnil(&t->array[m - 1])) j = m;
+ else i = m;
+ }
+ return i;
+ }
+ /* else must find a boundary in hash part */
+ else if (t->node == dummynode) /* hash part is empty? */
+ return j; /* that is easy... */
+ else return unbound_search(t, j);
+}
+
+
+
+#if defined(LUA_DEBUG)
+
+Node *luaH_mainposition (const Table *t, const TValue *key) {
+ return mainposition(t, key);
+}
+
+int luaH_isdummy (Node *n) { return n == dummynode; }
+
+#endif
--- /dev/null
+/*
+** $Id: ltable.h,v 2.10.1.1 2007/12/27 13:02:25 roberto Exp $
+** Lua tables (hash)
+** See Copyright Notice in lua.h
+*/
+
+#ifndef ltable_h
+#define ltable_h
+
+#include "lobject.h"
+
+
+#define gnode(t,i) (&(t)->node[i])
+#define gkey(n) (&(n)->i_key.nk)
+#define gval(n) (&(n)->i_val)
+#define gnext(n) ((n)->i_key.nk.next)
+
+#define key2tval(n) (&(n)->i_key.tvk)
+
+
+LUAI_FUNC const TValue *luaH_getnum (Table *t, int key);
+LUAI_FUNC TValue *luaH_setnum (lua_State *L, Table *t, int key);
+LUAI_FUNC const TValue *luaH_getstr (Table *t, TString *key);
+LUAI_FUNC TValue *luaH_setstr (lua_State *L, Table *t, TString *key);
+LUAI_FUNC const TValue *luaH_get (Table *t, const TValue *key);
+LUAI_FUNC TValue *luaH_set (lua_State *L, Table *t, const TValue *key);
+LUAI_FUNC Table *luaH_new (lua_State *L, int narray, int lnhash);
+LUAI_FUNC void luaH_resizearray (lua_State *L, Table *t, int nasize);
+LUAI_FUNC void luaH_free (lua_State *L, Table *t);
+LUAI_FUNC int luaH_next (lua_State *L, Table *t, StkId key);
+LUAI_FUNC int luaH_getn (Table *t);
+
+
+#if defined(LUA_DEBUG)
+LUAI_FUNC Node *luaH_mainposition (const Table *t, const TValue *key);
+LUAI_FUNC int luaH_isdummy (Node *n);
+#endif
+
+
+#endif
--- /dev/null
+/*
+** $Id: ltablib.c,v 1.38.1.3 2008/02/14 16:46:58 roberto Exp $
+** Library for Table Manipulation
+** See Copyright Notice in lua.h
+*/
+
+
+#include <stddef.h>
+
+#define ltablib_c
+#define LUA_LIB
+
+#include "lua.h"
+
+#include "lauxlib.h"
+#include "lualib.h"
+
+
+#define aux_getn(L,n) (luaL_checktype(L, n, LUA_TTABLE), luaL_getn(L, n))
+
+
+static int foreachi (lua_State *L) {
+ int i;
+ int n = aux_getn(L, 1);
+ luaL_checktype(L, 2, LUA_TFUNCTION);
+ for (i=1; i <= n; i++) {
+ lua_pushvalue(L, 2); /* function */
+ lua_pushinteger(L, i); /* 1st argument */
+ lua_rawgeti(L, 1, i); /* 2nd argument */
+ lua_call(L, 2, 1);
+ if (!lua_isnil(L, -1))
+ return 1;
+ lua_pop(L, 1); /* remove nil result */
+ }
+ return 0;
+}
+
+
+static int foreach (lua_State *L) {
+ luaL_checktype(L, 1, LUA_TTABLE);
+ luaL_checktype(L, 2, LUA_TFUNCTION);
+ lua_pushnil(L); /* first key */
+ while (lua_next(L, 1)) {
+ lua_pushvalue(L, 2); /* function */
+ lua_pushvalue(L, -3); /* key */
+ lua_pushvalue(L, -3); /* value */
+ lua_call(L, 2, 1);
+ if (!lua_isnil(L, -1))
+ return 1;
+ lua_pop(L, 2); /* remove value and result */
+ }
+ return 0;
+}
+
+
+static int maxn (lua_State *L) {
+ lua_Number max = 0;
+ luaL_checktype(L, 1, LUA_TTABLE);
+ lua_pushnil(L); /* first key */
+ while (lua_next(L, 1)) {
+ lua_pop(L, 1); /* remove value */
+ if (lua_type(L, -1) == LUA_TNUMBER) {
+ lua_Number v = lua_tonumber(L, -1);
+ if (v > max) max = v;
+ }
+ }
+ lua_pushnumber(L, max);
+ return 1;
+}
+
+
+static int getn (lua_State *L) {
+ lua_pushinteger(L, aux_getn(L, 1));
+ return 1;
+}
+
+
+static int setn (lua_State *L) {
+ luaL_checktype(L, 1, LUA_TTABLE);
+#ifndef luaL_setn
+ luaL_setn(L, 1, luaL_checkint(L, 2));
+#else
+ luaL_error(L, LUA_QL("setn") " is obsolete");
+#endif
+ lua_pushvalue(L, 1);
+ return 1;
+}
+
+
+static int tinsert (lua_State *L) {
+ int e = aux_getn(L, 1) + 1; /* first empty element */
+ int pos; /* where to insert new element */
+ switch (lua_gettop(L)) {
+ case 2: { /* called with only 2 arguments */
+ pos = e; /* insert new element at the end */
+ break;
+ }
+ case 3: {
+ int i;
+ pos = luaL_checkint(L, 2); /* 2nd argument is the position */
+ if (pos > e) e = pos; /* `grow' array if necessary */
+ for (i = e; i > pos; i--) { /* move up elements */
+ lua_rawgeti(L, 1, i-1);
+ lua_rawseti(L, 1, i); /* t[i] = t[i-1] */
+ }
+ break;
+ }
+ default: {
+ return luaL_error(L, "wrong number of arguments to " LUA_QL("insert"));
+ }
+ }
+ luaL_setn(L, 1, e); /* new size */
+ lua_rawseti(L, 1, pos); /* t[pos] = v */
+ return 0;
+}
+
+
+static int tremove (lua_State *L) {
+ int e = aux_getn(L, 1);
+ int pos = luaL_optint(L, 2, e);
+ if (!(1 <= pos && pos <= e)) /* position is outside bounds? */
+ return 0; /* nothing to remove */
+ luaL_setn(L, 1, e - 1); /* t.n = n-1 */
+ lua_rawgeti(L, 1, pos); /* result = t[pos] */
+ for ( ;pos<e; pos++) {
+ lua_rawgeti(L, 1, pos+1);
+ lua_rawseti(L, 1, pos); /* t[pos] = t[pos+1] */
+ }
+ lua_pushnil(L);
+ lua_rawseti(L, 1, e); /* t[e] = nil */
+ return 1;
+}
+
+
+static void addfield (lua_State *L, luaL_Buffer *b, int i) {
+ lua_rawgeti(L, 1, i);
+ if (!lua_isstring(L, -1))
+ luaL_error(L, "invalid value (%s) at index %d in table for "
+ LUA_QL("concat"), luaL_typename(L, -1), i);
+ luaL_addvalue(b);
+}
+
+
+static int tconcat (lua_State *L) {
+ luaL_Buffer b;
+ size_t lsep;
+ int i, last;
+ const char *sep = luaL_optlstring(L, 2, "", &lsep);
+ luaL_checktype(L, 1, LUA_TTABLE);
+ i = luaL_optint(L, 3, 1);
+ last = luaL_opt(L, luaL_checkint, 4, luaL_getn(L, 1));
+ luaL_buffinit(L, &b);
+ for (; i < last; i++) {
+ addfield(L, &b, i);
+ luaL_addlstring(&b, sep, lsep);
+ }
+ if (i == last) /* add last value (if interval was not empty) */
+ addfield(L, &b, i);
+ luaL_pushresult(&b);
+ return 1;
+}
+
+
+
+/*
+** {======================================================
+** Quicksort
+** (based on `Algorithms in MODULA-3', Robert Sedgewick;
+** Addison-Wesley, 1993.)
+*/
+
+
+static void set2 (lua_State *L, int i, int j) {
+ lua_rawseti(L, 1, i);
+ lua_rawseti(L, 1, j);
+}
+
+static int sort_comp (lua_State *L, int a, int b) {
+ if (!lua_isnil(L, 2)) { /* function? */
+ int res;
+ lua_pushvalue(L, 2);
+ lua_pushvalue(L, a-1); /* -1 to compensate function */
+ lua_pushvalue(L, b-2); /* -2 to compensate function and `a' */
+ lua_call(L, 2, 1);
+ res = lua_toboolean(L, -1);
+ lua_pop(L, 1);
+ return res;
+ }
+ else /* a < b? */
+ return lua_lessthan(L, a, b);
+}
+
+static void auxsort (lua_State *L, int l, int u) {
+ while (l < u) { /* for tail recursion */
+ int i, j;
+ /* sort elements a[l], a[(l+u)/2] and a[u] */
+ lua_rawgeti(L, 1, l);
+ lua_rawgeti(L, 1, u);
+ if (sort_comp(L, -1, -2)) /* a[u] < a[l]? */
+ set2(L, l, u); /* swap a[l] - a[u] */
+ else
+ lua_pop(L, 2);
+ if (u-l == 1) break; /* only 2 elements */
+ i = (l+u)/2;
+ lua_rawgeti(L, 1, i);
+ lua_rawgeti(L, 1, l);
+ if (sort_comp(L, -2, -1)) /* a[i]<a[l]? */
+ set2(L, i, l);
+ else {
+ lua_pop(L, 1); /* remove a[l] */
+ lua_rawgeti(L, 1, u);
+ if (sort_comp(L, -1, -2)) /* a[u]<a[i]? */
+ set2(L, i, u);
+ else
+ lua_pop(L, 2);
+ }
+ if (u-l == 2) break; /* only 3 elements */
+ lua_rawgeti(L, 1, i); /* Pivot */
+ lua_pushvalue(L, -1);
+ lua_rawgeti(L, 1, u-1);
+ set2(L, i, u-1);
+ /* a[l] <= P == a[u-1] <= a[u], only need to sort from l+1 to u-2 */
+ i = l; j = u-1;
+ for (;;) { /* invariant: a[l..i] <= P <= a[j..u] */
+ /* repeat ++i until a[i] >= P */
+ while (lua_rawgeti(L, 1, ++i), sort_comp(L, -1, -2)) {
+ if (i>u) luaL_error(L, "invalid order function for sorting");
+ lua_pop(L, 1); /* remove a[i] */
+ }
+ /* repeat --j until a[j] <= P */
+ while (lua_rawgeti(L, 1, --j), sort_comp(L, -3, -1)) {
+ if (j<l) luaL_error(L, "invalid order function for sorting");
+ lua_pop(L, 1); /* remove a[j] */
+ }
+ if (j<i) {
+ lua_pop(L, 3); /* pop pivot, a[i], a[j] */
+ break;
+ }
+ set2(L, i, j);
+ }
+ lua_rawgeti(L, 1, u-1);
+ lua_rawgeti(L, 1, i);
+ set2(L, u-1, i); /* swap pivot (a[u-1]) with a[i] */
+ /* a[l..i-1] <= a[i] == P <= a[i+1..u] */
+ /* adjust so that smaller half is in [j..i] and larger one in [l..u] */
+ if (i-l < u-i) {
+ j=l; i=i-1; l=i+2;
+ }
+ else {
+ j=i+1; i=u; u=j-2;
+ }
+ auxsort(L, j, i); /* call recursively the smaller one */
+ } /* repeat the routine for the larger one */
+}
+
+static int sort (lua_State *L) {
+ int n = aux_getn(L, 1);
+ luaL_checkstack(L, 40, ""); /* assume array is smaller than 2^40 */
+ if (!lua_isnoneornil(L, 2)) /* is there a 2nd argument? */
+ luaL_checktype(L, 2, LUA_TFUNCTION);
+ lua_settop(L, 2); /* make sure there is two arguments */
+ auxsort(L, 1, n);
+ return 0;
+}
+
+/* }====================================================== */
+
+
+static const luaL_Reg tab_funcs[] = {
+ {"concat", tconcat},
+ {"foreach", foreach},
+ {"foreachi", foreachi},
+ {"getn", getn},
+ {"maxn", maxn},
+ {"insert", tinsert},
+ {"remove", tremove},
+ {"setn", setn},
+ {"sort", sort},
+ {NULL, NULL}
+};
+
+
+LUALIB_API int luaopen_table (lua_State *L) {
+ luaL_register(L, LUA_TABLIBNAME, tab_funcs);
+ return 1;
+}
+
--- /dev/null
+/*
+** $Id: ltm.c,v 2.8.1.1 2007/12/27 13:02:25 roberto Exp $
+** Tag methods
+** See Copyright Notice in lua.h
+*/
+
+
+#include <string.h>
+
+#define ltm_c
+#define LUA_CORE
+
+#include "lua.h"
+
+#include "lobject.h"
+#include "lstate.h"
+#include "lstring.h"
+#include "ltable.h"
+#include "ltm.h"
+
+
+
+const char *const luaT_typenames[] = {
+ "nil", "boolean", "userdata", "number",
+ "string", "table", "function", "userdata", "thread",
+ "proto", "upval"
+};
+
+
+void luaT_init (lua_State *L) {
+ static const char *const luaT_eventname[] = { /* ORDER TM */
+ "__index", "__newindex",
+ "__gc", "__mode", "__eq",
+ "__add", "__sub", "__mul", "__div", "__mod",
+ "__pow", "__unm", "__len", "__lt", "__le",
+ "__concat", "__call"
+ };
+ int i;
+ for (i=0; i<TM_N; i++) {
+ G(L)->tmname[i] = luaS_new(L, luaT_eventname[i]);
+ luaS_fix(G(L)->tmname[i]); /* never collect these names */
+ }
+}
+
+
+/*
+** function to be used with macro "fasttm": optimized for absence of
+** tag methods
+*/
+const TValue *luaT_gettm (Table *events, TMS event, TString *ename) {
+ const TValue *tm = luaH_getstr(events, ename);
+ lua_assert(event <= TM_EQ);
+ if (ttisnil(tm)) { /* no tag method? */
+ events->flags |= cast_byte(1u<<event); /* cache this fact */
+ return NULL;
+ }
+ else return tm;
+}
+
+
+const TValue *luaT_gettmbyobj (lua_State *L, const TValue *o, TMS event) {
+ Table *mt;
+ switch (ttype(o)) {
+ case LUA_TTABLE:
+ mt = hvalue(o)->metatable;
+ break;
+ case LUA_TUSERDATA:
+ mt = uvalue(o)->metatable;
+ break;
+ default:
+ mt = G(L)->mt[ttype(o)];
+ }
+ return (mt ? luaH_getstr(mt, G(L)->tmname[event]) : luaO_nilobject);
+}
+
--- /dev/null
+/*
+** $Id: ltm.h,v 2.6.1.1 2007/12/27 13:02:25 roberto Exp $
+** Tag methods
+** See Copyright Notice in lua.h
+*/
+
+#ifndef ltm_h
+#define ltm_h
+
+
+#include "lobject.h"
+
+
+/*
+* WARNING: if you change the order of this enumeration,
+* grep "ORDER TM"
+*/
+typedef enum {
+ TM_INDEX,
+ TM_NEWINDEX,
+ TM_GC,
+ TM_MODE,
+ TM_EQ, /* last tag method with `fast' access */
+ TM_ADD,
+ TM_SUB,
+ TM_MUL,
+ TM_DIV,
+ TM_MOD,
+ TM_POW,
+ TM_UNM,
+ TM_LEN,
+ TM_LT,
+ TM_LE,
+ TM_CONCAT,
+ TM_CALL,
+ TM_N /* number of elements in the enum */
+} TMS;
+
+
+
+#define gfasttm(g,et,e) ((et) == NULL ? NULL : \
+ ((et)->flags & (1u<<(e))) ? NULL : luaT_gettm(et, e, (g)->tmname[e]))
+
+#define fasttm(l,et,e) gfasttm(G(l), et, e)
+
+LUAI_DATA const char *const luaT_typenames[];
+
+
+LUAI_FUNC const TValue *luaT_gettm (Table *events, TMS event, TString *ename);
+LUAI_FUNC const TValue *luaT_gettmbyobj (lua_State *L, const TValue *o,
+ TMS event);
+LUAI_FUNC void luaT_init (lua_State *L);
+
+#endif
--- /dev/null
+/*
+** $Id: lua.c,v 1.160.1.2 2007/12/28 15:32:23 roberto Exp $
+** Lua stand-alone interpreter
+** See Copyright Notice in lua.h
+*/
+
+
+#include <signal.h>
+#include <stdio.h>
+#include <stdlib.h>
+#include <string.h>
+
+#define lua_c
+
+#include "lua.h"
+
+#include "lauxlib.h"
+#include "lualib.h"
+
+
+
+static lua_State *globalL = NULL;
+
+static const char *progname = LUA_PROGNAME;
+
+
+
+static void lstop (lua_State *L, lua_Debug *ar) {
+ (void)ar; /* unused arg. */
+ lua_sethook(L, NULL, 0, 0);
+ luaL_error(L, "interrupted!");
+}
+
+
+static void laction (int i) {
+ signal(i, SIG_DFL); /* if another SIGINT happens before lstop,
+ terminate process (default action) */
+ lua_sethook(globalL, lstop, LUA_MASKCALL | LUA_MASKRET | LUA_MASKCOUNT, 1);
+}
+
+
+static void print_usage (void) {
+ fprintf(stderr,
+ "usage: %s [options] [script [args]].\n"
+ "Available options are:\n"
+ " -e stat execute string " LUA_QL("stat") "\n"
+ " -l name require library " LUA_QL("name") "\n"
+ " -i enter interactive mode after executing " LUA_QL("script") "\n"
+ " -v show version information\n"
+ " -- stop handling options\n"
+ " - execute stdin and stop handling options\n"
+ ,
+ progname);
+ fflush(stderr);
+}
+
+
+static void l_message (const char *pname, const char *msg) {
+ if (pname) fprintf(stderr, "%s: ", pname);
+ fprintf(stderr, "%s\n", msg);
+ fflush(stderr);
+}
+
+
+static int report (lua_State *L, int status) {
+ if (status && !lua_isnil(L, -1)) {
+ const char *msg = lua_tostring(L, -1);
+ if (msg == NULL) msg = "(error object is not a string)";
+ l_message(progname, msg);
+ lua_pop(L, 1);
+ }
+ return status;
+}
+
+
+static int traceback (lua_State *L) {
+ if (!lua_isstring(L, 1)) /* 'message' not a string? */
+ return 1; /* keep it intact */
+ lua_getfield(L, LUA_GLOBALSINDEX, "debug");
+ if (!lua_istable(L, -1)) {
+ lua_pop(L, 1);
+ return 1;
+ }
+ lua_getfield(L, -1, "traceback");
+ if (!lua_isfunction(L, -1)) {
+ lua_pop(L, 2);
+ return 1;
+ }
+ lua_pushvalue(L, 1); /* pass error message */
+ lua_pushinteger(L, 2); /* skip this function and traceback */
+ lua_call(L, 2, 1); /* call debug.traceback */
+ return 1;
+}
+
+
+static int docall (lua_State *L, int narg, int clear) {
+ int status;
+ int base = lua_gettop(L) - narg; /* function index */
+ lua_pushcfunction(L, traceback); /* push traceback function */
+ lua_insert(L, base); /* put it under chunk and args */
+ signal(SIGINT, laction);
+ status = lua_pcall(L, narg, (clear ? 0 : LUA_MULTRET), base);
+ signal(SIGINT, SIG_DFL);
+ lua_remove(L, base); /* remove traceback function */
+ /* force a complete garbage collection in case of errors */
+ if (status != 0) lua_gc(L, LUA_GCCOLLECT, 0);
+ return status;
+}
+
+
+static void print_version (void) {
+ l_message(NULL, LUA_RELEASE " " LUA_COPYRIGHT);
+}
+
+
+static int getargs (lua_State *L, char **argv, int n) {
+ int narg;
+ int i;
+ int argc = 0;
+ while (argv[argc]) argc++; /* count total number of arguments */
+ narg = argc - (n + 1); /* number of arguments to the script */
+ luaL_checkstack(L, narg + 3, "too many arguments to script");
+ for (i=n+1; i < argc; i++)
+ lua_pushstring(L, argv[i]);
+ lua_createtable(L, narg, n + 1);
+ for (i=0; i < argc; i++) {
+ lua_pushstring(L, argv[i]);
+ lua_rawseti(L, -2, i - n);
+ }
+ return narg;
+}
+
+
+static int dofile (lua_State *L, const char *name) {
+ int status = luaL_loadfile(L, name) || docall(L, 0, 1);
+ return report(L, status);
+}
+
+
+static int dostring (lua_State *L, const char *s, const char *name) {
+ int status = luaL_loadbuffer(L, s, strlen(s), name) || docall(L, 0, 1);
+ return report(L, status);
+}
+
+
+static int dolibrary (lua_State *L, const char *name) {
+ lua_getglobal(L, "require");
+ lua_pushstring(L, name);
+ return report(L, docall(L, 1, 1));
+}
+
+
+static const char *get_prompt (lua_State *L, int firstline) {
+ const char *p;
+ lua_getfield(L, LUA_GLOBALSINDEX, firstline ? "_PROMPT" : "_PROMPT2");
+ p = lua_tostring(L, -1);
+ if (p == NULL) p = (firstline ? LUA_PROMPT : LUA_PROMPT2);
+ lua_pop(L, 1); /* remove global */
+ return p;
+}
+
+
+static int incomplete (lua_State *L, int status) {
+ if (status == LUA_ERRSYNTAX) {
+ size_t lmsg;
+ const char *msg = lua_tolstring(L, -1, &lmsg);
+ const char *tp = msg + lmsg - (sizeof(LUA_QL("<eof>")) - 1);
+ if (strstr(msg, LUA_QL("<eof>")) == tp) {
+ lua_pop(L, 1);
+ return 1;
+ }
+ }
+ return 0; /* else... */
+}
+
+
+static int pushline (lua_State *L, int firstline) {
+ char buffer[LUA_MAXINPUT];
+ char *b = buffer;
+ size_t l;
+ const char *prmt = get_prompt(L, firstline);
+ if (lua_readline(L, b, prmt) == 0)
+ return 0; /* no input */
+ l = strlen(b);
+ if (l > 0 && b[l-1] == '\n') /* line ends with newline? */
+ b[l-1] = '\0'; /* remove it */
+ if (firstline && b[0] == '=') /* first line starts with `=' ? */
+ lua_pushfstring(L, "return %s", b+1); /* change it to `return' */
+ else
+ lua_pushstring(L, b);
+ lua_freeline(L, b);
+ return 1;
+}
+
+
+static int loadline (lua_State *L) {
+ int status;
+ lua_settop(L, 0);
+ if (!pushline(L, 1))
+ return -1; /* no input */
+ for (;;) { /* repeat until gets a complete line */
+ status = luaL_loadbuffer(L, lua_tostring(L, 1), lua_strlen(L, 1), "=stdin");
+ if (!incomplete(L, status)) break; /* cannot try to add lines? */
+ if (!pushline(L, 0)) /* no more input? */
+ return -1;
+ lua_pushliteral(L, "\n"); /* add a new line... */
+ lua_insert(L, -2); /* ...between the two lines */
+ lua_concat(L, 3); /* join them */
+ }
+ lua_saveline(L, 1);
+ lua_remove(L, 1); /* remove line */
+ return status;
+}
+
+
+static void dotty (lua_State *L) {
+ int status;
+ const char *oldprogname = progname;
+ progname = NULL;
+ while ((status = loadline(L)) != -1) {
+ if (status == 0) status = docall(L, 0, 0);
+ report(L, status);
+ if (status == 0 && lua_gettop(L) > 0) { /* any result to print? */
+ lua_getglobal(L, "print");
+ lua_insert(L, 1);
+ if (lua_pcall(L, lua_gettop(L)-1, 0, 0) != 0)
+ l_message(progname, lua_pushfstring(L,
+ "error calling " LUA_QL("print") " (%s)",
+ lua_tostring(L, -1)));
+ }
+ }
+ lua_settop(L, 0); /* clear stack */
+ fputs("\n", stdout);
+ fflush(stdout);
+ progname = oldprogname;
+}
+
+
+static int handle_script (lua_State *L, char **argv, int n) {
+ int status;
+ const char *fname;
+ int narg = getargs(L, argv, n); /* collect arguments */
+ lua_setglobal(L, "arg");
+ fname = argv[n];
+ if (strcmp(fname, "-") == 0 && strcmp(argv[n-1], "--") != 0)
+ fname = NULL; /* stdin */
+ status = luaL_loadfile(L, fname);
+ lua_insert(L, -(narg+1));
+ if (status == 0)
+ status = docall(L, narg, 0);
+ else
+ lua_pop(L, narg);
+ return report(L, status);
+}
+
+
+/* check that argument has no extra characters at the end */
+#define notail(x) {if ((x)[2] != '\0') return -1;}
+
+
+static int collectargs (char **argv, int *pi, int *pv, int *pe) {
+ int i;
+ for (i = 1; argv[i] != NULL; i++) {
+ if (argv[i][0] != '-') /* not an option? */
+ return i;
+ switch (argv[i][1]) { /* option */
+ case '-':
+ notail(argv[i]);
+ return (argv[i+1] != NULL ? i+1 : 0);
+ case '\0':
+ return i;
+ case 'i':
+ notail(argv[i]);
+ *pi = 1; /* go through */
+ case 'v':
+ notail(argv[i]);
+ *pv = 1;
+ break;
+ case 'e':
+ *pe = 1; /* go through */
+ case 'l':
+ if (argv[i][2] == '\0') {
+ i++;
+ if (argv[i] == NULL) return -1;
+ }
+ break;
+ default: return -1; /* invalid option */
+ }
+ }
+ return 0;
+}
+
+
+static int runargs (lua_State *L, char **argv, int n) {
+ int i;
+ for (i = 1; i < n; i++) {
+ if (argv[i] == NULL) continue;
+ lua_assert(argv[i][0] == '-');
+ switch (argv[i][1]) { /* option */
+ case 'e': {
+ const char *chunk = argv[i] + 2;
+ if (*chunk == '\0') chunk = argv[++i];
+ lua_assert(chunk != NULL);
+ if (dostring(L, chunk, "=(command line)") != 0)
+ return 1;
+ break;
+ }
+ case 'l': {
+ const char *filename = argv[i] + 2;
+ if (*filename == '\0') filename = argv[++i];
+ lua_assert(filename != NULL);
+ if (dolibrary(L, filename))
+ return 1; /* stop if file fails */
+ break;
+ }
+ default: break;
+ }
+ }
+ return 0;
+}
+
+
+static int handle_luainit (lua_State *L) {
+ const char *init = getenv(LUA_INIT);
+ if (init == NULL) return 0; /* status OK */
+ else if (init[0] == '@')
+ return dofile(L, init+1);
+ else
+ return dostring(L, init, "=" LUA_INIT);
+}
+
+
+struct Smain {
+ int argc;
+ char **argv;
+ int status;
+};
+
+
+static int pmain (lua_State *L) {
+ struct Smain *s = (struct Smain *)lua_touserdata(L, 1);
+ char **argv = s->argv;
+ int script;
+ int has_i = 0, has_v = 0, has_e = 0;
+ globalL = L;
+ if (argv[0] && argv[0][0]) progname = argv[0];
+ lua_gc(L, LUA_GCSTOP, 0); /* stop collector during initialization */
+ luaL_openlibs(L); /* open libraries */
+ lua_gc(L, LUA_GCRESTART, 0);
+ s->status = handle_luainit(L);
+ if (s->status != 0) return 0;
+ script = collectargs(argv, &has_i, &has_v, &has_e);
+ if (script < 0) { /* invalid args? */
+ print_usage();
+ s->status = 1;
+ return 0;
+ }
+ if (has_v) print_version();
+ s->status = runargs(L, argv, (script > 0) ? script : s->argc);
+ if (s->status != 0) return 0;
+ if (script)
+ s->status = handle_script(L, argv, script);
+ if (s->status != 0) return 0;
+ if (has_i)
+ dotty(L);
+ else if (script == 0 && !has_e && !has_v) {
+ if (lua_stdin_is_tty()) {
+ print_version();
+ dotty(L);
+ }
+ else dofile(L, NULL); /* executes stdin as a file */
+ }
+ return 0;
+}
+
+
+int main (int argc, char **argv) {
+ int status;
+ struct Smain s;
+ lua_State *L = lua_open(); /* create state */
+ if (L == NULL) {
+ l_message(argv[0], "cannot create state: not enough memory");
+ return EXIT_FAILURE;
+ }
+ s.argc = argc;
+ s.argv = argv;
+ status = lua_cpcall(L, &pmain, &s);
+ report(L, status);
+ lua_close(L);
+ return (status || s.status) ? EXIT_FAILURE : EXIT_SUCCESS;
+}
+
--- /dev/null
+/*
+** $Id: lua.h,v 1.218.1.7 2012/01/13 20:36:20 roberto Exp $
+** Lua - An Extensible Extension Language
+** Lua.org, PUC-Rio, Brazil (http://www.lua.org)
+** See Copyright Notice at the end of this file
+*/
+
+
+#ifndef lua_h
+#define lua_h
+
+#include <stdarg.h>
+#include <stddef.h>
+
+
+#include "luaconf.h"
+
+
+#define LUA_VERSION "Lua 5.1"
+#define LUA_RELEASE "Lua 5.1.5"
+#define LUA_VERSION_NUM 501
+#define LUA_COPYRIGHT "Copyright (C) 1994-2012 Lua.org, PUC-Rio"
+#define LUA_AUTHORS "R. Ierusalimschy, L. H. de Figueiredo & W. Celes"
+
+
+/* mark for precompiled code (`<esc>Lua') */
+#define LUA_SIGNATURE "\033Lua"
+
+/* option for multiple returns in `lua_pcall' and `lua_call' */
+#define LUA_MULTRET (-1)
+
+
+/*
+** pseudo-indices
+*/
+#define LUA_REGISTRYINDEX (-10000)
+#define LUA_ENVIRONINDEX (-10001)
+#define LUA_GLOBALSINDEX (-10002)
+#define lua_upvalueindex(i) (LUA_GLOBALSINDEX-(i))
+
+
+/* thread status; 0 is OK */
+#define LUA_YIELD 1
+#define LUA_ERRRUN 2
+#define LUA_ERRSYNTAX 3
+#define LUA_ERRMEM 4
+#define LUA_ERRERR 5
+
+
+typedef struct lua_State lua_State;
+
+typedef int (*lua_CFunction) (lua_State *L);
+
+
+/*
+** functions that read/write blocks when loading/dumping Lua chunks
+*/
+typedef const char * (*lua_Reader) (lua_State *L, void *ud, size_t *sz);
+
+typedef int (*lua_Writer) (lua_State *L, const void* p, size_t sz, void* ud);
+
+
+/*
+** prototype for memory-allocation functions
+*/
+typedef void * (*lua_Alloc) (void *ud, void *ptr, size_t osize, size_t nsize);
+
+
+/*
+** basic types
+*/
+#define LUA_TNONE (-1)
+
+#define LUA_TNIL 0
+#define LUA_TBOOLEAN 1
+#define LUA_TLIGHTUSERDATA 2
+#define LUA_TNUMBER 3
+#define LUA_TSTRING 4
+#define LUA_TTABLE 5
+#define LUA_TFUNCTION 6
+#define LUA_TUSERDATA 7
+#define LUA_TTHREAD 8
+
+
+
+/* minimum Lua stack available to a C function */
+#define LUA_MINSTACK 20
+
+
+/*
+** generic extra include file
+*/
+#if defined(LUA_USER_H)
+#include LUA_USER_H
+#endif
+
+
+/* type of numbers in Lua */
+typedef LUA_NUMBER lua_Number;
+
+
+/* type for integer functions */
+typedef LUA_INTEGER lua_Integer;
+
+
+
+/*
+** state manipulation
+*/
+LUA_API lua_State *(lua_newstate) (lua_Alloc f, void *ud);
+LUA_API void (lua_close) (lua_State *L);
+LUA_API lua_State *(lua_newthread) (lua_State *L);
+
+LUA_API lua_CFunction (lua_atpanic) (lua_State *L, lua_CFunction panicf);
+
+
+/*
+** basic stack manipulation
+*/
+LUA_API int (lua_gettop) (lua_State *L);
+LUA_API void (lua_settop) (lua_State *L, int idx);
+LUA_API void (lua_pushvalue) (lua_State *L, int idx);
+LUA_API void (lua_remove) (lua_State *L, int idx);
+LUA_API void (lua_insert) (lua_State *L, int idx);
+LUA_API void (lua_replace) (lua_State *L, int idx);
+LUA_API int (lua_checkstack) (lua_State *L, int sz);
+
+LUA_API void (lua_xmove) (lua_State *from, lua_State *to, int n);
+
+
+/*
+** access functions (stack -> C)
+*/
+
+LUA_API int (lua_isnumber) (lua_State *L, int idx);
+LUA_API int (lua_isstring) (lua_State *L, int idx);
+LUA_API int (lua_iscfunction) (lua_State *L, int idx);
+LUA_API int (lua_isuserdata) (lua_State *L, int idx);
+LUA_API int (lua_type) (lua_State *L, int idx);
+LUA_API const char *(lua_typename) (lua_State *L, int tp);
+
+LUA_API int (lua_equal) (lua_State *L, int idx1, int idx2);
+LUA_API int (lua_rawequal) (lua_State *L, int idx1, int idx2);
+LUA_API int (lua_lessthan) (lua_State *L, int idx1, int idx2);
+
+LUA_API lua_Number (lua_tonumber) (lua_State *L, int idx);
+LUA_API lua_Integer (lua_tointeger) (lua_State *L, int idx);
+LUA_API int (lua_toboolean) (lua_State *L, int idx);
+LUA_API const char *(lua_tolstring) (lua_State *L, int idx, size_t *len);
+LUA_API size_t (lua_objlen) (lua_State *L, int idx);
+LUA_API lua_CFunction (lua_tocfunction) (lua_State *L, int idx);
+LUA_API void *(lua_touserdata) (lua_State *L, int idx);
+LUA_API lua_State *(lua_tothread) (lua_State *L, int idx);
+LUA_API const void *(lua_topointer) (lua_State *L, int idx);
+
+
+/*
+** push functions (C -> stack)
+*/
+LUA_API void (lua_pushnil) (lua_State *L);
+LUA_API void (lua_pushnumber) (lua_State *L, lua_Number n);
+LUA_API void (lua_pushinteger) (lua_State *L, lua_Integer n);
+LUA_API void (lua_pushlstring) (lua_State *L, const char *s, size_t l);
+LUA_API void (lua_pushstring) (lua_State *L, const char *s);
+LUA_API const char *(lua_pushvfstring) (lua_State *L, const char *fmt,
+ va_list argp);
+LUA_API const char *(lua_pushfstring) (lua_State *L, const char *fmt, ...);
+LUA_API void (lua_pushcclosure) (lua_State *L, lua_CFunction fn, int n);
+LUA_API void (lua_pushboolean) (lua_State *L, int b);
+LUA_API void (lua_pushlightuserdata) (lua_State *L, void *p);
+LUA_API int (lua_pushthread) (lua_State *L);
+
+
+/*
+** get functions (Lua -> stack)
+*/
+LUA_API void (lua_gettable) (lua_State *L, int idx);
+LUA_API void (lua_getfield) (lua_State *L, int idx, const char *k);
+LUA_API void (lua_rawget) (lua_State *L, int idx);
+LUA_API void (lua_rawgeti) (lua_State *L, int idx, int n);
+LUA_API void (lua_createtable) (lua_State *L, int narr, int nrec);
+LUA_API void *(lua_newuserdata) (lua_State *L, size_t sz);
+LUA_API int (lua_getmetatable) (lua_State *L, int objindex);
+LUA_API void (lua_getfenv) (lua_State *L, int idx);
+
+
+/*
+** set functions (stack -> Lua)
+*/
+LUA_API void (lua_settable) (lua_State *L, int idx);
+LUA_API void (lua_setfield) (lua_State *L, int idx, const char *k);
+LUA_API void (lua_rawset) (lua_State *L, int idx);
+LUA_API void (lua_rawseti) (lua_State *L, int idx, int n);
+LUA_API int (lua_setmetatable) (lua_State *L, int objindex);
+LUA_API int (lua_setfenv) (lua_State *L, int idx);
+
+
+/*
+** `load' and `call' functions (load and run Lua code)
+*/
+LUA_API void (lua_call) (lua_State *L, int nargs, int nresults);
+LUA_API int (lua_pcall) (lua_State *L, int nargs, int nresults, int errfunc);
+LUA_API int (lua_cpcall) (lua_State *L, lua_CFunction func, void *ud);
+LUA_API int (lua_load) (lua_State *L, lua_Reader reader, void *dt,
+ const char *chunkname);
+
+LUA_API int (lua_dump) (lua_State *L, lua_Writer writer, void *data);
+
+
+/*
+** coroutine functions
+*/
+LUA_API int (lua_yield) (lua_State *L, int nresults);
+LUA_API int (lua_resume) (lua_State *L, int narg);
+LUA_API int (lua_status) (lua_State *L);
+
+/*
+** garbage-collection function and options
+*/
+
+#define LUA_GCSTOP 0
+#define LUA_GCRESTART 1
+#define LUA_GCCOLLECT 2
+#define LUA_GCCOUNT 3
+#define LUA_GCCOUNTB 4
+#define LUA_GCSTEP 5
+#define LUA_GCSETPAUSE 6
+#define LUA_GCSETSTEPMUL 7
+
+LUA_API int (lua_gc) (lua_State *L, int what, int data);
+
+
+/*
+** miscellaneous functions
+*/
+
+LUA_API int (lua_error) (lua_State *L);
+
+LUA_API int (lua_next) (lua_State *L, int idx);
+
+LUA_API void (lua_concat) (lua_State *L, int n);
+
+LUA_API lua_Alloc (lua_getallocf) (lua_State *L, void **ud);
+LUA_API void lua_setallocf (lua_State *L, lua_Alloc f, void *ud);
+
+
+
+/*
+** ===============================================================
+** some useful macros
+** ===============================================================
+*/
+
+#define lua_pop(L,n) lua_settop(L, -(n)-1)
+
+#define lua_newtable(L) lua_createtable(L, 0, 0)
+
+#define lua_register(L,n,f) (lua_pushcfunction(L, (f)), lua_setglobal(L, (n)))
+
+#define lua_pushcfunction(L,f) lua_pushcclosure(L, (f), 0)
+
+#define lua_strlen(L,i) lua_objlen(L, (i))
+
+#define lua_isfunction(L,n) (lua_type(L, (n)) == LUA_TFUNCTION)
+#define lua_istable(L,n) (lua_type(L, (n)) == LUA_TTABLE)
+#define lua_islightuserdata(L,n) (lua_type(L, (n)) == LUA_TLIGHTUSERDATA)
+#define lua_isnil(L,n) (lua_type(L, (n)) == LUA_TNIL)
+#define lua_isboolean(L,n) (lua_type(L, (n)) == LUA_TBOOLEAN)
+#define lua_isthread(L,n) (lua_type(L, (n)) == LUA_TTHREAD)
+#define lua_isnone(L,n) (lua_type(L, (n)) == LUA_TNONE)
+#define lua_isnoneornil(L, n) (lua_type(L, (n)) <= 0)
+
+#define lua_pushliteral(L, s) \
+ lua_pushlstring(L, "" s, (sizeof(s)/sizeof(char))-1)
+
+#define lua_setglobal(L,s) lua_setfield(L, LUA_GLOBALSINDEX, (s))
+#define lua_getglobal(L,s) lua_getfield(L, LUA_GLOBALSINDEX, (s))
+
+#define lua_tostring(L,i) lua_tolstring(L, (i), NULL)
+
+
+
+/*
+** compatibility macros and functions
+*/
+
+#define lua_open() luaL_newstate()
+
+#define lua_getregistry(L) lua_pushvalue(L, LUA_REGISTRYINDEX)
+
+#define lua_getgccount(L) lua_gc(L, LUA_GCCOUNT, 0)
+
+#define lua_Chunkreader lua_Reader
+#define lua_Chunkwriter lua_Writer
+
+
+/* hack */
+LUA_API void lua_setlevel (lua_State *from, lua_State *to);
+
+
+/*
+** {======================================================================
+** Debug API
+** =======================================================================
+*/
+
+
+/*
+** Event codes
+*/
+#define LUA_HOOKCALL 0
+#define LUA_HOOKRET 1
+#define LUA_HOOKLINE 2
+#define LUA_HOOKCOUNT 3
+#define LUA_HOOKTAILRET 4
+
+
+/*
+** Event masks
+*/
+#define LUA_MASKCALL (1 << LUA_HOOKCALL)
+#define LUA_MASKRET (1 << LUA_HOOKRET)
+#define LUA_MASKLINE (1 << LUA_HOOKLINE)
+#define LUA_MASKCOUNT (1 << LUA_HOOKCOUNT)
+
+typedef struct lua_Debug lua_Debug; /* activation record */
+
+
+/* Functions to be called by the debuger in specific events */
+typedef void (*lua_Hook) (lua_State *L, lua_Debug *ar);
+
+
+LUA_API int lua_getstack (lua_State *L, int level, lua_Debug *ar);
+LUA_API int lua_getinfo (lua_State *L, const char *what, lua_Debug *ar);
+LUA_API const char *lua_getlocal (lua_State *L, const lua_Debug *ar, int n);
+LUA_API const char *lua_setlocal (lua_State *L, const lua_Debug *ar, int n);
+LUA_API const char *lua_getupvalue (lua_State *L, int funcindex, int n);
+LUA_API const char *lua_setupvalue (lua_State *L, int funcindex, int n);
+
+LUA_API int lua_sethook (lua_State *L, lua_Hook func, int mask, int count);
+LUA_API lua_Hook lua_gethook (lua_State *L);
+LUA_API int lua_gethookmask (lua_State *L);
+LUA_API int lua_gethookcount (lua_State *L);
+
+
+struct lua_Debug {
+ int event;
+ const char *name; /* (n) */
+ const char *namewhat; /* (n) `global', `local', `field', `method' */
+ const char *what; /* (S) `Lua', `C', `main', `tail' */
+ const char *source; /* (S) */
+ int currentline; /* (l) */
+ int nups; /* (u) number of upvalues */
+ int linedefined; /* (S) */
+ int lastlinedefined; /* (S) */
+ char short_src[LUA_IDSIZE]; /* (S) */
+ /* private part */
+ int i_ci; /* active function */
+};
+
+/* }====================================================================== */
+
+
+/******************************************************************************
+* Copyright (C) 1994-2012 Lua.org, PUC-Rio. All rights reserved.
+*
+* Permission is hereby granted, free of charge, to any person obtaining
+* a copy of this software and associated documentation files (the
+* "Software"), to deal in the Software without restriction, including
+* without limitation the rights to use, copy, modify, merge, publish,
+* distribute, sublicense, and/or sell copies of the Software, and to
+* permit persons to whom the Software is furnished to do so, subject to
+* the following conditions:
+*
+* The above copyright notice and this permission notice shall be
+* included in all copies or substantial portions of the Software.
+*
+* THE SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED "AS IS", WITHOUT WARRANTY OF ANY KIND,
+* EXPRESS OR IMPLIED, INCLUDING BUT NOT LIMITED TO THE WARRANTIES OF
+* MERCHANTABILITY, FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE AND NONINFRINGEMENT.
+* IN NO EVENT SHALL THE AUTHORS OR COPYRIGHT HOLDERS BE LIABLE FOR ANY
+* CLAIM, DAMAGES OR OTHER LIABILITY, WHETHER IN AN ACTION OF CONTRACT,
+* TORT OR OTHERWISE, ARISING FROM, OUT OF OR IN CONNECTION WITH THE
+* SOFTWARE OR THE USE OR OTHER DEALINGS IN THE SOFTWARE.
+******************************************************************************/
+
+
+#endif
--- /dev/null
+/*
+** $Id: luac.c,v 1.54 2006/06/02 17:37:11 lhf Exp $
+** Lua compiler (saves bytecodes to files; also list bytecodes)
+** See Copyright Notice in lua.h
+*/
+
+#include <errno.h>
+#include <stdio.h>
+#include <stdlib.h>
+#include <string.h>
+
+#define luac_c
+#define LUA_CORE
+
+#include "lua.h"
+#include "lauxlib.h"
+
+#include "ldo.h"
+#include "lfunc.h"
+#include "lmem.h"
+#include "lobject.h"
+#include "lopcodes.h"
+#include "lstring.h"
+#include "lundump.h"
+
+#define PROGNAME "luac" /* default program name */
+#define OUTPUT PROGNAME ".out" /* default output file */
+
+static int listing=0; /* list bytecodes? */
+static int dumping=1; /* dump bytecodes? */
+static int stripping=0; /* strip debug information? */
+static char Output[]={ OUTPUT }; /* default output file name */
+static const char* output=Output; /* actual output file name */
+static const char* progname=PROGNAME; /* actual program name */
+
+static void fatal(const char* message)
+{
+ fprintf(stderr,"%s: %s\n",progname,message);
+ exit(EXIT_FAILURE);
+}
+
+static void cannot(const char* what)
+{
+ fprintf(stderr,"%s: cannot %s %s: %s\n",progname,what,output,strerror(errno));
+ exit(EXIT_FAILURE);
+}
+
+static void usage(const char* message)
+{
+ if (*message=='-')
+ fprintf(stderr,"%s: unrecognized option " LUA_QS "\n",progname,message);
+ else
+ fprintf(stderr,"%s: %s\n",progname,message);
+ fprintf(stderr,
+ "usage: %s [options] [filenames].\n"
+ "Available options are:\n"
+ " - process stdin\n"
+ " -l list\n"
+ " -o name output to file " LUA_QL("name") " (default is \"%s\")\n"
+ " -p parse only\n"
+ " -s strip debug information\n"
+ " -v show version information\n"
+ " -- stop handling options\n",
+ progname,Output);
+ exit(EXIT_FAILURE);
+}
+
+#define IS(s) (strcmp(argv[i],s)==0)
+
+static int doargs(int argc, char* argv[])
+{
+ int i;
+ int version=0;
+ if (argv[0]!=NULL && *argv[0]!=0) progname=argv[0];
+ for (i=1; i<argc; i++)
+ {
+ if (*argv[i]!='-') /* end of options; keep it */
+ break;
+ else if (IS("--")) /* end of options; skip it */
+ {
+ ++i;
+ if (version) ++version;
+ break;
+ }
+ else if (IS("-")) /* end of options; use stdin */
+ break;
+ else if (IS("-l")) /* list */
+ ++listing;
+ else if (IS("-o")) /* output file */
+ {
+ output=argv[++i];
+ if (output==NULL || *output==0) usage(LUA_QL("-o") " needs argument");
+ if (IS("-")) output=NULL;
+ }
+ else if (IS("-p")) /* parse only */
+ dumping=0;
+ else if (IS("-s")) /* strip debug information */
+ stripping=1;
+ else if (IS("-v")) /* show version */
+ ++version;
+ else /* unknown option */
+ usage(argv[i]);
+ }
+ if (i==argc && (listing || !dumping))
+ {
+ dumping=0;
+ argv[--i]=Output;
+ }
+ if (version)
+ {
+ printf("%s %s\n",LUA_RELEASE,LUA_COPYRIGHT);
+ if (version==argc-1) exit(EXIT_SUCCESS);
+ }
+ return i;
+}
+
+#define toproto(L,i) (clvalue(L->top+(i))->l.p)
+
+static const Proto* combine(lua_State* L, int n)
+{
+ if (n==1)
+ return toproto(L,-1);
+ else
+ {
+ int i,pc;
+ Proto* f=luaF_newproto(L);
+ setptvalue2s(L,L->top,f); incr_top(L);
+ f->source=luaS_newliteral(L,"=(" PROGNAME ")");
+ f->maxstacksize=1;
+ pc=2*n+1;
+ f->code=luaM_newvector(L,pc,Instruction);
+ f->sizecode=pc;
+ f->p=luaM_newvector(L,n,Proto*);
+ f->sizep=n;
+ pc=0;
+ for (i=0; i<n; i++)
+ {
+ f->p[i]=toproto(L,i-n-1);
+ f->code[pc++]=CREATE_ABx(OP_CLOSURE,0,i);
+ f->code[pc++]=CREATE_ABC(OP_CALL,0,1,1);
+ }
+ f->code[pc++]=CREATE_ABC(OP_RETURN,0,1,0);
+ return f;
+ }
+}
+
+static int writer(lua_State* L, const void* p, size_t size, void* u)
+{
+ UNUSED(L);
+ return (fwrite(p,size,1,(FILE*)u)!=1) && (size!=0);
+}
+
+struct Smain {
+ int argc;
+ char** argv;
+};
+
+static int pmain(lua_State* L)
+{
+ struct Smain* s = (struct Smain*)lua_touserdata(L, 1);
+ int argc=s->argc;
+ char** argv=s->argv;
+ const Proto* f;
+ int i;
+ if (!lua_checkstack(L,argc)) fatal("too many input files");
+ for (i=0; i<argc; i++)
+ {
+ const char* filename=IS("-") ? NULL : argv[i];
+ if (luaL_loadfile(L,filename)!=0) fatal(lua_tostring(L,-1));
+ }
+ f=combine(L,argc);
+ if (listing) luaU_print(f,listing>1);
+ if (dumping)
+ {
+ FILE* D= (output==NULL) ? stdout : fopen(output,"wb");
+ if (D==NULL) cannot("open");
+ lua_lock(L);
+ luaU_dump(L,f,writer,D,stripping);
+ lua_unlock(L);
+ if (ferror(D)) cannot("write");
+ if (fclose(D)) cannot("close");
+ }
+ return 0;
+}
+
+int main(int argc, char* argv[])
+{
+ lua_State* L;
+ struct Smain s;
+ int i=doargs(argc,argv);
+ argc-=i; argv+=i;
+ if (argc<=0) usage("no input files given");
+ L=lua_open();
+ if (L==NULL) fatal("not enough memory for state");
+ s.argc=argc;
+ s.argv=argv;
+ if (lua_cpcall(L,pmain,&s)!=0) fatal(lua_tostring(L,-1));
+ lua_close(L);
+ return EXIT_SUCCESS;
+}
--- /dev/null
+/*
+** $Id: luaconf.h,v 1.82.1.7 2008/02/11 16:25:08 roberto Exp $
+** Configuration file for Lua
+** See Copyright Notice in lua.h
+*/
+
+
+#ifndef lconfig_h
+#define lconfig_h
+
+#include <limits.h>
+#include <stddef.h>
+
+
+/*
+** ==================================================================
+** Search for "@@" to find all configurable definitions.
+** ===================================================================
+*/
+
+
+/*
+@@ LUA_ANSI controls the use of non-ansi features.
+** CHANGE it (define it) if you want Lua to avoid the use of any
+** non-ansi feature or library.
+*/
+#if defined(__STRICT_ANSI__)
+#define LUA_ANSI
+#endif
+
+
+#if !defined(LUA_ANSI) && defined(_WIN32)
+#define LUA_WIN
+#endif
+
+#if defined(LUA_USE_LINUX)
+#define LUA_USE_POSIX
+#define LUA_USE_DLOPEN /* needs an extra library: -ldl */
+#define LUA_USE_READLINE /* needs some extra libraries */
+#endif
+
+#if defined(LUA_USE_MACOSX)
+#define LUA_USE_POSIX
+#define LUA_DL_DYLD /* does not need extra library */
+#endif
+
+
+
+/*
+@@ LUA_USE_POSIX includes all functionallity listed as X/Open System
+@* Interfaces Extension (XSI).
+** CHANGE it (define it) if your system is XSI compatible.
+*/
+#if defined(LUA_USE_POSIX)
+#define LUA_USE_MKSTEMP
+#define LUA_USE_ISATTY
+#define LUA_USE_POPEN
+#define LUA_USE_ULONGJMP
+#endif
+
+
+/*
+@@ LUA_PATH and LUA_CPATH are the names of the environment variables that
+@* Lua check to set its paths.
+@@ LUA_INIT is the name of the environment variable that Lua
+@* checks for initialization code.
+** CHANGE them if you want different names.
+*/
+#define LUA_PATH "LUA_PATH"
+#define LUA_CPATH "LUA_CPATH"
+#define LUA_INIT "LUA_INIT"
+
+
+/*
+@@ LUA_PATH_DEFAULT is the default path that Lua uses to look for
+@* Lua libraries.
+@@ LUA_CPATH_DEFAULT is the default path that Lua uses to look for
+@* C libraries.
+** CHANGE them if your machine has a non-conventional directory
+** hierarchy or if you want to install your libraries in
+** non-conventional directories.
+*/
+#if defined(_WIN32)
+/*
+** In Windows, any exclamation mark ('!') in the path is replaced by the
+** path of the directory of the executable file of the current process.
+*/
+#define LUA_LDIR "!\\lua\\"
+#define LUA_CDIR "!\\"
+#define LUA_PATH_DEFAULT \
+ ".\\?.lua;" LUA_LDIR"?.lua;" LUA_LDIR"?\\init.lua;" \
+ LUA_CDIR"?.lua;" LUA_CDIR"?\\init.lua"
+#define LUA_CPATH_DEFAULT \
+ ".\\?.dll;" LUA_CDIR"?.dll;" LUA_CDIR"loadall.dll"
+
+#else
+#define LUA_ROOT "/usr/local/"
+#define LUA_LDIR LUA_ROOT "share/lua/5.1/"
+#define LUA_CDIR LUA_ROOT "lib/lua/5.1/"
+#define LUA_PATH_DEFAULT \
+ "./?.lua;" LUA_LDIR"?.lua;" LUA_LDIR"?/init.lua;" \
+ LUA_CDIR"?.lua;" LUA_CDIR"?/init.lua"
+#define LUA_CPATH_DEFAULT \
+ "./?.so;" LUA_CDIR"?.so;" LUA_CDIR"loadall.so"
+#endif
+
+
+/*
+@@ LUA_DIRSEP is the directory separator (for submodules).
+** CHANGE it if your machine does not use "/" as the directory separator
+** and is not Windows. (On Windows Lua automatically uses "\".)
+*/
+#if defined(_WIN32)
+#define LUA_DIRSEP "\\"
+#else
+#define LUA_DIRSEP "/"
+#endif
+
+
+/*
+@@ LUA_PATHSEP is the character that separates templates in a path.
+@@ LUA_PATH_MARK is the string that marks the substitution points in a
+@* template.
+@@ LUA_EXECDIR in a Windows path is replaced by the executable's
+@* directory.
+@@ LUA_IGMARK is a mark to ignore all before it when bulding the
+@* luaopen_ function name.
+** CHANGE them if for some reason your system cannot use those
+** characters. (E.g., if one of those characters is a common character
+** in file/directory names.) Probably you do not need to change them.
+*/
+#define LUA_PATHSEP ";"
+#define LUA_PATH_MARK "?"
+#define LUA_EXECDIR "!"
+#define LUA_IGMARK "-"
+
+
+/*
+@@ LUA_INTEGER is the integral type used by lua_pushinteger/lua_tointeger.
+** CHANGE that if ptrdiff_t is not adequate on your machine. (On most
+** machines, ptrdiff_t gives a good choice between int or long.)
+*/
+#define LUA_INTEGER ptrdiff_t
+
+
+/*
+@@ LUA_API is a mark for all core API functions.
+@@ LUALIB_API is a mark for all standard library functions.
+** CHANGE them if you need to define those functions in some special way.
+** For instance, if you want to create one Windows DLL with the core and
+** the libraries, you may want to use the following definition (define
+** LUA_BUILD_AS_DLL to get it).
+*/
+#if defined(LUA_BUILD_AS_DLL)
+
+#if defined(LUA_CORE) || defined(LUA_LIB)
+#define LUA_API __declspec(dllexport)
+#else
+#define LUA_API __declspec(dllimport)
+#endif
+
+#else
+
+#define LUA_API extern
+
+#endif
+
+/* more often than not the libs go together with the core */
+#define LUALIB_API LUA_API
+
+
+/*
+@@ LUAI_FUNC is a mark for all extern functions that are not to be
+@* exported to outside modules.
+@@ LUAI_DATA is a mark for all extern (const) variables that are not to
+@* be exported to outside modules.
+** CHANGE them if you need to mark them in some special way. Elf/gcc
+** (versions 3.2 and later) mark them as "hidden" to optimize access
+** when Lua is compiled as a shared library.
+*/
+#if defined(luaall_c)
+#define LUAI_FUNC static
+#define LUAI_DATA /* empty */
+
+#elif defined(__GNUC__) && ((__GNUC__*100 + __GNUC_MINOR__) >= 302) && \
+ defined(__ELF__)
+#define LUAI_FUNC __attribute__((visibility("hidden"))) extern
+#define LUAI_DATA LUAI_FUNC
+
+#else
+#define LUAI_FUNC extern
+#define LUAI_DATA extern
+#endif
+
+
+
+/*
+@@ LUA_QL describes how error messages quote program elements.
+** CHANGE it if you want a different appearance.
+*/
+#define LUA_QL(x) "'" x "'"
+#define LUA_QS LUA_QL("%s")
+
+
+/*
+@@ LUA_IDSIZE gives the maximum size for the description of the source
+@* of a function in debug information.
+** CHANGE it if you want a different size.
+*/
+#define LUA_IDSIZE 60
+
+
+/*
+** {==================================================================
+** Stand-alone configuration
+** ===================================================================
+*/
+
+#if defined(lua_c) || defined(luaall_c)
+
+/*
+@@ lua_stdin_is_tty detects whether the standard input is a 'tty' (that
+@* is, whether we're running lua interactively).
+** CHANGE it if you have a better definition for non-POSIX/non-Windows
+** systems.
+*/
+#if defined(LUA_USE_ISATTY)
+#include <unistd.h>
+#define lua_stdin_is_tty() isatty(0)
+#elif defined(LUA_WIN)
+#include <io.h>
+#include <stdio.h>
+#define lua_stdin_is_tty() _isatty(_fileno(stdin))
+#else
+#define lua_stdin_is_tty() 1 /* assume stdin is a tty */
+#endif
+
+
+/*
+@@ LUA_PROMPT is the default prompt used by stand-alone Lua.
+@@ LUA_PROMPT2 is the default continuation prompt used by stand-alone Lua.
+** CHANGE them if you want different prompts. (You can also change the
+** prompts dynamically, assigning to globals _PROMPT/_PROMPT2.)
+*/
+#define LUA_PROMPT "> "
+#define LUA_PROMPT2 ">> "
+
+
+/*
+@@ LUA_PROGNAME is the default name for the stand-alone Lua program.
+** CHANGE it if your stand-alone interpreter has a different name and
+** your system is not able to detect that name automatically.
+*/
+#define LUA_PROGNAME "lua"
+
+
+/*
+@@ LUA_MAXINPUT is the maximum length for an input line in the
+@* stand-alone interpreter.
+** CHANGE it if you need longer lines.
+*/
+#define LUA_MAXINPUT 512
+
+
+/*
+@@ lua_readline defines how to show a prompt and then read a line from
+@* the standard input.
+@@ lua_saveline defines how to "save" a read line in a "history".
+@@ lua_freeline defines how to free a line read by lua_readline.
+** CHANGE them if you want to improve this functionality (e.g., by using
+** GNU readline and history facilities).
+*/
+#if defined(LUA_USE_READLINE)
+#include <stdio.h>
+#include <readline/readline.h>
+#include <readline/history.h>
+#define lua_readline(L,b,p) ((void)L, ((b)=readline(p)) != NULL)
+#define lua_saveline(L,idx) \
+ if (lua_strlen(L,idx) > 0) /* non-empty line? */ \
+ add_history(lua_tostring(L, idx)); /* add it to history */
+#define lua_freeline(L,b) ((void)L, free(b))
+#else
+#define lua_readline(L,b,p) \
+ ((void)L, fputs(p, stdout), fflush(stdout), /* show prompt */ \
+ fgets(b, LUA_MAXINPUT, stdin) != NULL) /* get line */
+#define lua_saveline(L,idx) { (void)L; (void)idx; }
+#define lua_freeline(L,b) { (void)L; (void)b; }
+#endif
+
+#endif
+
+/* }================================================================== */
+
+
+/*
+@@ LUAI_GCPAUSE defines the default pause between garbage-collector cycles
+@* as a percentage.
+** CHANGE it if you want the GC to run faster or slower (higher values
+** mean larger pauses which mean slower collection.) You can also change
+** this value dynamically.
+*/
+#define LUAI_GCPAUSE 200 /* 200% (wait memory to double before next GC) */
+
+
+/*
+@@ LUAI_GCMUL defines the default speed of garbage collection relative to
+@* memory allocation as a percentage.
+** CHANGE it if you want to change the granularity of the garbage
+** collection. (Higher values mean coarser collections. 0 represents
+** infinity, where each step performs a full collection.) You can also
+** change this value dynamically.
+*/
+#define LUAI_GCMUL 200 /* GC runs 'twice the speed' of memory allocation */
+
+
+
+/*
+@@ LUA_COMPAT_GETN controls compatibility with old getn behavior.
+** CHANGE it (define it) if you want exact compatibility with the
+** behavior of setn/getn in Lua 5.0.
+*/
+#undef LUA_COMPAT_GETN
+
+/*
+@@ LUA_COMPAT_LOADLIB controls compatibility about global loadlib.
+** CHANGE it to undefined as soon as you do not need a global 'loadlib'
+** function (the function is still available as 'package.loadlib').
+*/
+#undef LUA_COMPAT_LOADLIB
+
+/*
+@@ LUA_COMPAT_VARARG controls compatibility with old vararg feature.
+** CHANGE it to undefined as soon as your programs use only '...' to
+** access vararg parameters (instead of the old 'arg' table).
+*/
+#define LUA_COMPAT_VARARG
+
+/*
+@@ LUA_COMPAT_MOD controls compatibility with old math.mod function.
+** CHANGE it to undefined as soon as your programs use 'math.fmod' or
+** the new '%' operator instead of 'math.mod'.
+*/
+#define LUA_COMPAT_MOD
+
+/*
+@@ LUA_COMPAT_LSTR controls compatibility with old long string nesting
+@* facility.
+** CHANGE it to 2 if you want the old behaviour, or undefine it to turn
+** off the advisory error when nesting [[...]].
+*/
+#define LUA_COMPAT_LSTR 1
+
+/*
+@@ LUA_COMPAT_GFIND controls compatibility with old 'string.gfind' name.
+** CHANGE it to undefined as soon as you rename 'string.gfind' to
+** 'string.gmatch'.
+*/
+#define LUA_COMPAT_GFIND
+
+/*
+@@ LUA_COMPAT_OPENLIB controls compatibility with old 'luaL_openlib'
+@* behavior.
+** CHANGE it to undefined as soon as you replace to 'luaL_register'
+** your uses of 'luaL_openlib'
+*/
+#define LUA_COMPAT_OPENLIB
+
+
+
+/*
+@@ luai_apicheck is the assert macro used by the Lua-C API.
+** CHANGE luai_apicheck if you want Lua to perform some checks in the
+** parameters it gets from API calls. This may slow down the interpreter
+** a bit, but may be quite useful when debugging C code that interfaces
+** with Lua. A useful redefinition is to use assert.h.
+*/
+#if defined(LUA_USE_APICHECK)
+#include <assert.h>
+#define luai_apicheck(L,o) { (void)L; assert(o); }
+#else
+#define luai_apicheck(L,o) { (void)L; }
+#endif
+
+
+/*
+@@ LUAI_BITSINT defines the number of bits in an int.
+** CHANGE here if Lua cannot automatically detect the number of bits of
+** your machine. Probably you do not need to change this.
+*/
+/* avoid overflows in comparison */
+#if INT_MAX-20 < 32760
+#define LUAI_BITSINT 16
+#elif INT_MAX > 2147483640L
+/* int has at least 32 bits */
+#define LUAI_BITSINT 32
+#else
+#error "you must define LUA_BITSINT with number of bits in an integer"
+#endif
+
+
+/*
+@@ LUAI_UINT32 is an unsigned integer with at least 32 bits.
+@@ LUAI_INT32 is an signed integer with at least 32 bits.
+@@ LUAI_UMEM is an unsigned integer big enough to count the total
+@* memory used by Lua.
+@@ LUAI_MEM is a signed integer big enough to count the total memory
+@* used by Lua.
+** CHANGE here if for some weird reason the default definitions are not
+** good enough for your machine. (The definitions in the 'else'
+** part always works, but may waste space on machines with 64-bit
+** longs.) Probably you do not need to change this.
+*/
+#if LUAI_BITSINT >= 32
+#define LUAI_UINT32 unsigned int
+#define LUAI_INT32 int
+#define LUAI_MAXINT32 INT_MAX
+#define LUAI_UMEM size_t
+#define LUAI_MEM ptrdiff_t
+#else
+/* 16-bit ints */
+#define LUAI_UINT32 unsigned long
+#define LUAI_INT32 long
+#define LUAI_MAXINT32 LONG_MAX
+#define LUAI_UMEM unsigned long
+#define LUAI_MEM long
+#endif
+
+
+/*
+@@ LUAI_MAXCALLS limits the number of nested calls.
+** CHANGE it if you need really deep recursive calls. This limit is
+** arbitrary; its only purpose is to stop infinite recursion before
+** exhausting memory.
+*/
+#define LUAI_MAXCALLS 20000
+
+
+/*
+@@ LUAI_MAXCSTACK limits the number of Lua stack slots that a C function
+@* can use.
+** CHANGE it if you need lots of (Lua) stack space for your C
+** functions. This limit is arbitrary; its only purpose is to stop C
+** functions to consume unlimited stack space. (must be smaller than
+** -LUA_REGISTRYINDEX)
+*/
+#define LUAI_MAXCSTACK 8000
+
+
+
+/*
+** {==================================================================
+** CHANGE (to smaller values) the following definitions if your system
+** has a small C stack. (Or you may want to change them to larger
+** values if your system has a large C stack and these limits are
+** too rigid for you.) Some of these constants control the size of
+** stack-allocated arrays used by the compiler or the interpreter, while
+** others limit the maximum number of recursive calls that the compiler
+** or the interpreter can perform. Values too large may cause a C stack
+** overflow for some forms of deep constructs.
+** ===================================================================
+*/
+
+
+/*
+@@ LUAI_MAXCCALLS is the maximum depth for nested C calls (short) and
+@* syntactical nested non-terminals in a program.
+*/
+#define LUAI_MAXCCALLS 200
+
+
+/*
+@@ LUAI_MAXVARS is the maximum number of local variables per function
+@* (must be smaller than 250).
+*/
+#define LUAI_MAXVARS 200
+
+
+/*
+@@ LUAI_MAXUPVALUES is the maximum number of upvalues per function
+@* (must be smaller than 250).
+*/
+#define LUAI_MAXUPVALUES 60
+
+
+/*
+@@ LUAL_BUFFERSIZE is the buffer size used by the lauxlib buffer system.
+*/
+#define LUAL_BUFFERSIZE BUFSIZ
+
+/* }================================================================== */
+
+
+
+
+/*
+** {==================================================================
+@@ LUA_NUMBER is the type of numbers in Lua.
+** CHANGE the following definitions only if you want to build Lua
+** with a number type different from double. You may also need to
+** change lua_number2int & lua_number2integer.
+** ===================================================================
+*/
+
+#define LUA_NUMBER_DOUBLE
+#define LUA_NUMBER double
+
+/*
+@@ LUAI_UACNUMBER is the result of an 'usual argument conversion'
+@* over a number.
+*/
+#define LUAI_UACNUMBER double
+
+
+/*
+@@ LUA_NUMBER_SCAN is the format for reading numbers.
+@@ LUA_NUMBER_FMT is the format for writing numbers.
+@@ lua_number2str converts a number to a string.
+@@ LUAI_MAXNUMBER2STR is maximum size of previous conversion.
+@@ lua_str2number converts a string to a number.
+*/
+#define LUA_NUMBER_SCAN "%lf"
+#define LUA_NUMBER_FMT "%.14g"
+#define lua_number2str(s,n) sprintf((s), LUA_NUMBER_FMT, (n))
+#define LUAI_MAXNUMBER2STR 32 /* 16 digits, sign, point, and \0 */
+#define lua_str2number(s,p) strtod((s), (p))
+
+
+/*
+@@ The luai_num* macros define the primitive operations over numbers.
+*/
+#if defined(LUA_CORE)
+#include <math.h>
+#define luai_numadd(a,b) ((a)+(b))
+#define luai_numsub(a,b) ((a)-(b))
+#define luai_nummul(a,b) ((a)*(b))
+#define luai_numdiv(a,b) ((a)/(b))
+#define luai_nummod(a,b) ((a) - floor((a)/(b))*(b))
+#define luai_numpow(a,b) (pow(a,b))
+#define luai_numunm(a) (-(a))
+#define luai_numeq(a,b) ((a)==(b))
+#define luai_numlt(a,b) ((a)<(b))
+#define luai_numle(a,b) ((a)<=(b))
+#define luai_numisnan(a) (!luai_numeq((a), (a)))
+#endif
+
+
+/*
+@@ lua_number2int is a macro to convert lua_Number to int.
+@@ lua_number2integer is a macro to convert lua_Number to lua_Integer.
+** CHANGE them if you know a faster way to convert a lua_Number to
+** int (with any rounding method and without throwing errors) in your
+** system. In Pentium machines, a naive typecast from double to int
+** in C is extremely slow, so any alternative is worth trying.
+*/
+
+/* On a Pentium, resort to a trick */
+#if defined(LUA_NUMBER_DOUBLE) && !defined(LUA_ANSI) && !defined(__SSE2__) && \
+ (defined(__i386) || defined (_M_IX86) || defined(__i386__))
+
+/* On a Microsoft compiler, use assembler */
+#if defined(_MSC_VER)
+
+#define lua_number2int(i,d) __asm fld d __asm fistp i
+#define lua_number2integer(i,n) lua_number2int(i, n)
+
+/* the next trick should work on any Pentium, but sometimes clashes
+ with a DirectX idiosyncrasy */
+#else
+
+union luai_Cast { double l_d; long l_l; };
+#define lua_number2int(i,d) \
+ { volatile union luai_Cast u; u.l_d = (d) + 6755399441055744.0; (i) = u.l_l; }
+#define lua_number2integer(i,n) lua_number2int(i, n)
+
+#endif
+
+
+/* this option always works, but may be slow */
+#else
+#define lua_number2int(i,d) ((i)=(int)(d))
+#define lua_number2integer(i,d) ((i)=(lua_Integer)(d))
+
+#endif
+
+/* }================================================================== */
+
+
+/*
+@@ LUAI_USER_ALIGNMENT_T is a type that requires maximum alignment.
+** CHANGE it if your system requires alignments larger than double. (For
+** instance, if your system supports long doubles and they must be
+** aligned in 16-byte boundaries, then you should add long double in the
+** union.) Probably you do not need to change this.
+*/
+#define LUAI_USER_ALIGNMENT_T union { double u; void *s; long l; }
+
+
+/*
+@@ LUAI_THROW/LUAI_TRY define how Lua does exception handling.
+** CHANGE them if you prefer to use longjmp/setjmp even with C++
+** or if want/don't to use _longjmp/_setjmp instead of regular
+** longjmp/setjmp. By default, Lua handles errors with exceptions when
+** compiling as C++ code, with _longjmp/_setjmp when asked to use them,
+** and with longjmp/setjmp otherwise.
+*/
+#if defined(__cplusplus)
+/* C++ exceptions */
+#define LUAI_THROW(L,c) throw(c)
+#define LUAI_TRY(L,c,a) try { a } catch(...) \
+ { if ((c)->status == 0) (c)->status = -1; }
+#define luai_jmpbuf int /* dummy variable */
+
+#elif defined(LUA_USE_ULONGJMP)
+/* in Unix, try _longjmp/_setjmp (more efficient) */
+#define LUAI_THROW(L,c) _longjmp((c)->b, 1)
+#define LUAI_TRY(L,c,a) if (_setjmp((c)->b) == 0) { a }
+#define luai_jmpbuf jmp_buf
+
+#else
+/* default handling with long jumps */
+#define LUAI_THROW(L,c) longjmp((c)->b, 1)
+#define LUAI_TRY(L,c,a) if (setjmp((c)->b) == 0) { a }
+#define luai_jmpbuf jmp_buf
+
+#endif
+
+
+/*
+@@ LUA_MAXCAPTURES is the maximum number of captures that a pattern
+@* can do during pattern-matching.
+** CHANGE it if you need more captures. This limit is arbitrary.
+*/
+#define LUA_MAXCAPTURES 32
+
+
+/*
+@@ lua_tmpnam is the function that the OS library uses to create a
+@* temporary name.
+@@ LUA_TMPNAMBUFSIZE is the maximum size of a name created by lua_tmpnam.
+** CHANGE them if you have an alternative to tmpnam (which is considered
+** insecure) or if you want the original tmpnam anyway. By default, Lua
+** uses tmpnam except when POSIX is available, where it uses mkstemp.
+*/
+#if defined(loslib_c) || defined(luaall_c)
+
+#if defined(LUA_USE_MKSTEMP)
+#include <unistd.h>
+#define LUA_TMPNAMBUFSIZE 32
+#define lua_tmpnam(b,e) { \
+ strcpy(b, "/tmp/lua_XXXXXX"); \
+ e = mkstemp(b); \
+ if (e != -1) close(e); \
+ e = (e == -1); }
+
+#else
+#define LUA_TMPNAMBUFSIZE L_tmpnam
+#define lua_tmpnam(b,e) { e = (tmpnam(b) == NULL); }
+#endif
+
+#endif
+
+
+/*
+@@ lua_popen spawns a new process connected to the current one through
+@* the file streams.
+** CHANGE it if you have a way to implement it in your system.
+*/
+#if defined(LUA_USE_POPEN)
+
+#define lua_popen(L,c,m) ((void)L, fflush(NULL), popen(c,m))
+#define lua_pclose(L,file) ((void)L, (pclose(file) != -1))
+
+#elif defined(LUA_WIN)
+
+#define lua_popen(L,c,m) ((void)L, _popen(c,m))
+#define lua_pclose(L,file) ((void)L, (_pclose(file) != -1))
+
+#else
+
+#define lua_popen(L,c,m) ((void)((void)c, m), \
+ luaL_error(L, LUA_QL("popen") " not supported"), (FILE*)0)
+#define lua_pclose(L,file) ((void)((void)L, file), 0)
+
+#endif
+
+/*
+@@ LUA_DL_* define which dynamic-library system Lua should use.
+** CHANGE here if Lua has problems choosing the appropriate
+** dynamic-library system for your platform (either Windows' DLL, Mac's
+** dyld, or Unix's dlopen). If your system is some kind of Unix, there
+** is a good chance that it has dlopen, so LUA_DL_DLOPEN will work for
+** it. To use dlopen you also need to adapt the src/Makefile (probably
+** adding -ldl to the linker options), so Lua does not select it
+** automatically. (When you change the makefile to add -ldl, you must
+** also add -DLUA_USE_DLOPEN.)
+** If you do not want any kind of dynamic library, undefine all these
+** options.
+** By default, _WIN32 gets LUA_DL_DLL and MAC OS X gets LUA_DL_DYLD.
+*/
+#if defined(LUA_USE_DLOPEN)
+#define LUA_DL_DLOPEN
+#endif
+
+#if defined(LUA_WIN)
+#define LUA_DL_DLL
+#endif
+
+
+/*
+@@ LUAI_EXTRASPACE allows you to add user-specific data in a lua_State
+@* (the data goes just *before* the lua_State pointer).
+** CHANGE (define) this if you really need that. This value must be
+** a multiple of the maximum alignment required for your machine.
+*/
+#define LUAI_EXTRASPACE 0
+
+
+/*
+@@ luai_userstate* allow user-specific actions on threads.
+** CHANGE them if you defined LUAI_EXTRASPACE and need to do something
+** extra when a thread is created/deleted/resumed/yielded.
+*/
+#define luai_userstateopen(L) ((void)L)
+#define luai_userstateclose(L) ((void)L)
+#define luai_userstatethread(L,L1) ((void)L)
+#define luai_userstatefree(L) ((void)L)
+#define luai_userstateresume(L,n) ((void)L)
+#define luai_userstateyield(L,n) ((void)L)
+
+
+/*
+@@ LUA_INTFRMLEN is the length modifier for integer conversions
+@* in 'string.format'.
+@@ LUA_INTFRM_T is the integer type correspoding to the previous length
+@* modifier.
+** CHANGE them if your system supports long long or does not support long.
+*/
+
+#if defined(LUA_USELONGLONG)
+
+#define LUA_INTFRMLEN "ll"
+#define LUA_INTFRM_T long long
+
+#else
+
+#define LUA_INTFRMLEN "l"
+#define LUA_INTFRM_T long
+
+#endif
+
+
+
+/* =================================================================== */
+
+/*
+** Local configuration. You can use this space to add your redefinitions
+** without modifying the main part of the file.
+*/
+
+
+
+#endif
+
--- /dev/null
+/*
+** $Id: lualib.h,v 1.36.1.1 2007/12/27 13:02:25 roberto Exp $
+** Lua standard libraries
+** See Copyright Notice in lua.h
+*/
+
+
+#ifndef lualib_h
+#define lualib_h
+
+#include "lua.h"
+
+
+/* Key to file-handle type */
+#define LUA_FILEHANDLE "FILE*"
+
+
+#define LUA_COLIBNAME "coroutine"
+LUALIB_API int (luaopen_base) (lua_State *L);
+
+#define LUA_TABLIBNAME "table"
+LUALIB_API int (luaopen_table) (lua_State *L);
+
+#define LUA_IOLIBNAME "io"
+LUALIB_API int (luaopen_io) (lua_State *L);
+
+#define LUA_OSLIBNAME "os"
+LUALIB_API int (luaopen_os) (lua_State *L);
+
+#define LUA_STRLIBNAME "string"
+LUALIB_API int (luaopen_string) (lua_State *L);
+
+#define LUA_MATHLIBNAME "math"
+LUALIB_API int (luaopen_math) (lua_State *L);
+
+#define LUA_DBLIBNAME "debug"
+LUALIB_API int (luaopen_debug) (lua_State *L);
+
+#define LUA_LOADLIBNAME "package"
+LUALIB_API int (luaopen_package) (lua_State *L);
+
+
+/* open all previous libraries */
+LUALIB_API void (luaL_openlibs) (lua_State *L);
+
+
+
+#ifndef lua_assert
+#define lua_assert(x) ((void)0)
+#endif
+
+
+#endif
--- /dev/null
+/*
+** $Id: lundump.c,v 2.7.1.4 2008/04/04 19:51:41 roberto Exp $
+** load precompiled Lua chunks
+** See Copyright Notice in lua.h
+*/
+
+#include <string.h>
+
+#define lundump_c
+#define LUA_CORE
+
+#include "lua.h"
+
+#include "ldebug.h"
+#include "ldo.h"
+#include "lfunc.h"
+#include "lmem.h"
+#include "lobject.h"
+#include "lstring.h"
+#include "lundump.h"
+#include "lzio.h"
+
+typedef struct {
+ lua_State* L;
+ ZIO* Z;
+ Mbuffer* b;
+ const char* name;
+} LoadState;
+
+#ifdef LUAC_TRUST_BINARIES
+#define IF(c,s)
+#define error(S,s)
+#else
+#define IF(c,s) if (c) error(S,s)
+
+static void error(LoadState* S, const char* why)
+{
+ luaO_pushfstring(S->L,"%s: %s in precompiled chunk",S->name,why);
+ luaD_throw(S->L,LUA_ERRSYNTAX);
+}
+#endif
+
+#define LoadMem(S,b,n,size) LoadBlock(S,b,(n)*(size))
+#define LoadByte(S) (lu_byte)LoadChar(S)
+#define LoadVar(S,x) LoadMem(S,&x,1,sizeof(x))
+#define LoadVector(S,b,n,size) LoadMem(S,b,n,size)
+
+static void LoadBlock(LoadState* S, void* b, size_t size)
+{
+ size_t r=luaZ_read(S->Z,b,size);
+ IF (r!=0, "unexpected end");
+}
+
+static int LoadChar(LoadState* S)
+{
+ char x;
+ LoadVar(S,x);
+ return x;
+}
+
+static int LoadInt(LoadState* S)
+{
+ int x;
+ LoadVar(S,x);
+ IF (x<0, "bad integer");
+ return x;
+}
+
+static lua_Number LoadNumber(LoadState* S)
+{
+ lua_Number x;
+ LoadVar(S,x);
+ return x;
+}
+
+static TString* LoadString(LoadState* S)
+{
+ size_t size;
+ LoadVar(S,size);
+ if (size==0)
+ return NULL;
+ else
+ {
+ char* s=luaZ_openspace(S->L,S->b,size);
+ LoadBlock(S,s,size);
+ return luaS_newlstr(S->L,s,size-1); /* remove trailing '\0' */
+ }
+}
+
+static void LoadCode(LoadState* S, Proto* f)
+{
+ int n=LoadInt(S);
+ f->code=luaM_newvector(S->L,n,Instruction);
+ f->sizecode=n;
+ LoadVector(S,f->code,n,sizeof(Instruction));
+}
+
+static Proto* LoadFunction(LoadState* S, TString* p);
+
+static void LoadConstants(LoadState* S, Proto* f)
+{
+ int i,n;
+ n=LoadInt(S);
+ f->k=luaM_newvector(S->L,n,TValue);
+ f->sizek=n;
+ for (i=0; i<n; i++) setnilvalue(&f->k[i]);
+ for (i=0; i<n; i++)
+ {
+ TValue* o=&f->k[i];
+ int t=LoadChar(S);
+ switch (t)
+ {
+ case LUA_TNIL:
+ setnilvalue(o);
+ break;
+ case LUA_TBOOLEAN:
+ setbvalue(o,LoadChar(S)!=0);
+ break;
+ case LUA_TNUMBER:
+ setnvalue(o,LoadNumber(S));
+ break;
+ case LUA_TSTRING:
+ setsvalue2n(S->L,o,LoadString(S));
+ break;
+ default:
+ error(S,"bad constant");
+ break;
+ }
+ }
+ n=LoadInt(S);
+ f->p=luaM_newvector(S->L,n,Proto*);
+ f->sizep=n;
+ for (i=0; i<n; i++) f->p[i]=NULL;
+ for (i=0; i<n; i++) f->p[i]=LoadFunction(S,f->source);
+}
+
+static void LoadDebug(LoadState* S, Proto* f)
+{
+ int i,n;
+ n=LoadInt(S);
+ f->lineinfo=luaM_newvector(S->L,n,int);
+ f->sizelineinfo=n;
+ LoadVector(S,f->lineinfo,n,sizeof(int));
+ n=LoadInt(S);
+ f->locvars=luaM_newvector(S->L,n,LocVar);
+ f->sizelocvars=n;
+ for (i=0; i<n; i++) f->locvars[i].varname=NULL;
+ for (i=0; i<n; i++)
+ {
+ f->locvars[i].varname=LoadString(S);
+ f->locvars[i].startpc=LoadInt(S);
+ f->locvars[i].endpc=LoadInt(S);
+ }
+ n=LoadInt(S);
+ f->upvalues=luaM_newvector(S->L,n,TString*);
+ f->sizeupvalues=n;
+ for (i=0; i<n; i++) f->upvalues[i]=NULL;
+ for (i=0; i<n; i++) f->upvalues[i]=LoadString(S);
+}
+
+static Proto* LoadFunction(LoadState* S, TString* p)
+{
+ Proto* f;
+ if (++S->L->nCcalls > LUAI_MAXCCALLS) error(S,"code too deep");
+ f=luaF_newproto(S->L);
+ setptvalue2s(S->L,S->L->top,f); incr_top(S->L);
+ f->source=LoadString(S); if (f->source==NULL) f->source=p;
+ f->linedefined=LoadInt(S);
+ f->lastlinedefined=LoadInt(S);
+ f->nups=LoadByte(S);
+ f->numparams=LoadByte(S);
+ f->is_vararg=LoadByte(S);
+ f->maxstacksize=LoadByte(S);
+ LoadCode(S,f);
+ LoadConstants(S,f);
+ LoadDebug(S,f);
+ IF (!luaG_checkcode(f), "bad code");
+ S->L->top--;
+ S->L->nCcalls--;
+ return f;
+}
+
+static void LoadHeader(LoadState* S)
+{
+ char h[LUAC_HEADERSIZE];
+ char s[LUAC_HEADERSIZE];
+ luaU_header(h);
+ LoadBlock(S,s,LUAC_HEADERSIZE);
+ IF (memcmp(h,s,LUAC_HEADERSIZE)!=0, "bad header");
+}
+
+/*
+** load precompiled chunk
+*/
+Proto* luaU_undump (lua_State* L, ZIO* Z, Mbuffer* buff, const char* name)
+{
+ LoadState S;
+ if (*name=='@' || *name=='=')
+ S.name=name+1;
+ else if (*name==LUA_SIGNATURE[0])
+ S.name="binary string";
+ else
+ S.name=name;
+ S.L=L;
+ S.Z=Z;
+ S.b=buff;
+ LoadHeader(&S);
+ return LoadFunction(&S,luaS_newliteral(L,"=?"));
+}
+
+/*
+* make header
+*/
+void luaU_header (char* h)
+{
+ int x=1;
+ memcpy(h,LUA_SIGNATURE,sizeof(LUA_SIGNATURE)-1);
+ h+=sizeof(LUA_SIGNATURE)-1;
+ *h++=(char)LUAC_VERSION;
+ *h++=(char)LUAC_FORMAT;
+ *h++=(char)*(char*)&x; /* endianness */
+ *h++=(char)sizeof(int);
+ *h++=(char)sizeof(size_t);
+ *h++=(char)sizeof(Instruction);
+ *h++=(char)sizeof(lua_Number);
+ *h++=(char)(((lua_Number)0.5)==0); /* is lua_Number integral? */
+}
--- /dev/null
+/*
+** $Id: lundump.h,v 1.37.1.1 2007/12/27 13:02:25 roberto Exp $
+** load precompiled Lua chunks
+** See Copyright Notice in lua.h
+*/
+
+#ifndef lundump_h
+#define lundump_h
+
+#include "lobject.h"
+#include "lzio.h"
+
+/* load one chunk; from lundump.c */
+LUAI_FUNC Proto* luaU_undump (lua_State* L, ZIO* Z, Mbuffer* buff, const char* name);
+
+/* make header; from lundump.c */
+LUAI_FUNC void luaU_header (char* h);
+
+/* dump one chunk; from ldump.c */
+LUAI_FUNC int luaU_dump (lua_State* L, const Proto* f, lua_Writer w, void* data, int strip);
+
+#ifdef luac_c
+/* print one chunk; from print.c */
+LUAI_FUNC void luaU_print (const Proto* f, int full);
+#endif
+
+/* for header of binary files -- this is Lua 5.1 */
+#define LUAC_VERSION 0x51
+
+/* for header of binary files -- this is the official format */
+#define LUAC_FORMAT 0
+
+/* size of header of binary files */
+#define LUAC_HEADERSIZE 12
+
+#endif
--- /dev/null
+/*
+** $Id: lvm.c,v 2.63.1.5 2011/08/17 20:43:11 roberto Exp $
+** Lua virtual machine
+** See Copyright Notice in lua.h
+*/
+
+
+#include <stdio.h>
+#include <stdlib.h>
+#include <string.h>
+
+#define lvm_c
+#define LUA_CORE
+
+#include "lua.h"
+
+#include "ldebug.h"
+#include "ldo.h"
+#include "lfunc.h"
+#include "lgc.h"
+#include "lobject.h"
+#include "lopcodes.h"
+#include "lstate.h"
+#include "lstring.h"
+#include "ltable.h"
+#include "ltm.h"
+#include "lvm.h"
+
+
+
+/* limit for table tag-method chains (to avoid loops) */
+#define MAXTAGLOOP 100
+
+
+const TValue *luaV_tonumber (const TValue *obj, TValue *n) {
+ lua_Number num;
+ if (ttisnumber(obj)) return obj;
+ if (ttisstring(obj) && luaO_str2d(svalue(obj), &num)) {
+ setnvalue(n, num);
+ return n;
+ }
+ else
+ return NULL;
+}
+
+
+int luaV_tostring (lua_State *L, StkId obj) {
+ if (!ttisnumber(obj))
+ return 0;
+ else {
+ char s[LUAI_MAXNUMBER2STR];
+ lua_Number n = nvalue(obj);
+ lua_number2str(s, n);
+ setsvalue2s(L, obj, luaS_new(L, s));
+ return 1;
+ }
+}
+
+
+static void traceexec (lua_State *L, const Instruction *pc) {
+ lu_byte mask = L->hookmask;
+ const Instruction *oldpc = L->savedpc;
+ L->savedpc = pc;
+ if ((mask & LUA_MASKCOUNT) && L->hookcount == 0) {
+ resethookcount(L);
+ luaD_callhook(L, LUA_HOOKCOUNT, -1);
+ }
+ if (mask & LUA_MASKLINE) {
+ Proto *p = ci_func(L->ci)->l.p;
+ int npc = pcRel(pc, p);
+ int newline = getline_(p, npc);
+ /* call linehook when enter a new function, when jump back (loop),
+ or when enter a new line */
+ if (npc == 0 || pc <= oldpc || newline != getline_(p, pcRel(oldpc, p)))
+ luaD_callhook(L, LUA_HOOKLINE, newline);
+ }
+}
+
+
+static void callTMres (lua_State *L, StkId res, const TValue *f,
+ const TValue *p1, const TValue *p2) {
+ ptrdiff_t result = savestack(L, res);
+ setobj2s(L, L->top, f); /* push function */
+ setobj2s(L, L->top+1, p1); /* 1st argument */
+ setobj2s(L, L->top+2, p2); /* 2nd argument */
+ luaD_checkstack(L, 3);
+ L->top += 3;
+ luaD_call(L, L->top - 3, 1);
+ res = restorestack(L, result);
+ L->top--;
+ setobjs2s(L, res, L->top);
+}
+
+
+
+static void callTM (lua_State *L, const TValue *f, const TValue *p1,
+ const TValue *p2, const TValue *p3) {
+ setobj2s(L, L->top, f); /* push function */
+ setobj2s(L, L->top+1, p1); /* 1st argument */
+ setobj2s(L, L->top+2, p2); /* 2nd argument */
+ setobj2s(L, L->top+3, p3); /* 3th argument */
+ luaD_checkstack(L, 4);
+ L->top += 4;
+ luaD_call(L, L->top - 4, 0);
+}
+
+
+void luaV_gettable (lua_State *L, const TValue *t, TValue *key, StkId val) {
+ int loop;
+ for (loop = 0; loop < MAXTAGLOOP; loop++) {
+ const TValue *tm;
+ if (ttistable(t)) { /* `t' is a table? */
+ Table *h = hvalue(t);
+ const TValue *res = luaH_get(h, key); /* do a primitive get */
+ if (!ttisnil(res) || /* result is no nil? */
+ (tm = fasttm(L, h->metatable, TM_INDEX)) == NULL) { /* or no TM? */
+ setobj2s(L, val, res);
+ return;
+ }
+ /* else will try the tag method */
+ }
+ else if (ttisnil(tm = luaT_gettmbyobj(L, t, TM_INDEX)))
+ luaG_typeerror(L, t, "index");
+ if (ttisfunction(tm)) {
+ callTMres(L, val, tm, t, key);
+ return;
+ }
+ t = tm; /* else repeat with `tm' */
+ }
+ luaG_runerror(L, "loop in gettable");
+}
+
+
+void luaV_settable (lua_State *L, const TValue *t, TValue *key, StkId val) {
+ int loop;
+ TValue temp;
+ for (loop = 0; loop < MAXTAGLOOP; loop++) {
+ const TValue *tm;
+ if (ttistable(t)) { /* `t' is a table? */
+ Table *h = hvalue(t);
+ TValue *oldval = luaH_set(L, h, key); /* do a primitive set */
+ if (!ttisnil(oldval) || /* result is no nil? */
+ (tm = fasttm(L, h->metatable, TM_NEWINDEX)) == NULL) { /* or no TM? */
+ setobj2t(L, oldval, val);
+ h->flags = 0;
+ luaC_barriert(L, h, val);
+ return;
+ }
+ /* else will try the tag method */
+ }
+ else if (ttisnil(tm = luaT_gettmbyobj(L, t, TM_NEWINDEX)))
+ luaG_typeerror(L, t, "index");
+ if (ttisfunction(tm)) {
+ callTM(L, tm, t, key, val);
+ return;
+ }
+ /* else repeat with `tm' */
+ setobj(L, &temp, tm); /* avoid pointing inside table (may rehash) */
+ t = &temp;
+ }
+ luaG_runerror(L, "loop in settable");
+}
+
+
+static int call_binTM (lua_State *L, const TValue *p1, const TValue *p2,
+ StkId res, TMS event) {
+ const TValue *tm = luaT_gettmbyobj(L, p1, event); /* try first operand */
+ if (ttisnil(tm))
+ tm = luaT_gettmbyobj(L, p2, event); /* try second operand */
+ if (ttisnil(tm)) return 0;
+ callTMres(L, res, tm, p1, p2);
+ return 1;
+}
+
+
+static const TValue *get_compTM (lua_State *L, Table *mt1, Table *mt2,
+ TMS event) {
+ const TValue *tm1 = fasttm(L, mt1, event);
+ const TValue *tm2;
+ if (tm1 == NULL) return NULL; /* no metamethod */
+ if (mt1 == mt2) return tm1; /* same metatables => same metamethods */
+ tm2 = fasttm(L, mt2, event);
+ if (tm2 == NULL) return NULL; /* no metamethod */
+ if (luaO_rawequalObj(tm1, tm2)) /* same metamethods? */
+ return tm1;
+ return NULL;
+}
+
+
+static int call_orderTM (lua_State *L, const TValue *p1, const TValue *p2,
+ TMS event) {
+ const TValue *tm1 = luaT_gettmbyobj(L, p1, event);
+ const TValue *tm2;
+ if (ttisnil(tm1)) return -1; /* no metamethod? */
+ tm2 = luaT_gettmbyobj(L, p2, event);
+ if (!luaO_rawequalObj(tm1, tm2)) /* different metamethods? */
+ return -1;
+ callTMres(L, L->top, tm1, p1, p2);
+ return !l_isfalse(L->top);
+}
+
+
+static int l_strcmp (const TString *ls, const TString *rs) {
+ const char *l = getstr(ls);
+ size_t ll = ls->tsv.len;
+ const char *r = getstr(rs);
+ size_t lr = rs->tsv.len;
+ for (;;) {
+ int temp = strcoll(l, r);
+ if (temp != 0) return temp;
+ else { /* strings are equal up to a `\0' */
+ size_t len = strlen(l); /* index of first `\0' in both strings */
+ if (len == lr) /* r is finished? */
+ return (len == ll) ? 0 : 1;
+ else if (len == ll) /* l is finished? */
+ return -1; /* l is smaller than r (because r is not finished) */
+ /* both strings longer than `len'; go on comparing (after the `\0') */
+ len++;
+ l += len; ll -= len; r += len; lr -= len;
+ }
+ }
+}
+
+
+int luaV_lessthan (lua_State *L, const TValue *l, const TValue *r) {
+ int res;
+ if (ttype(l) != ttype(r))
+ return luaG_ordererror(L, l, r);
+ else if (ttisnumber(l))
+ return luai_numlt(nvalue(l), nvalue(r));
+ else if (ttisstring(l))
+ return l_strcmp(rawtsvalue(l), rawtsvalue(r)) < 0;
+ else if ((res = call_orderTM(L, l, r, TM_LT)) != -1)
+ return res;
+ return luaG_ordererror(L, l, r);
+}
+
+
+static int lessequal (lua_State *L, const TValue *l, const TValue *r) {
+ int res;
+ if (ttype(l) != ttype(r))
+ return luaG_ordererror(L, l, r);
+ else if (ttisnumber(l))
+ return luai_numle(nvalue(l), nvalue(r));
+ else if (ttisstring(l))
+ return l_strcmp(rawtsvalue(l), rawtsvalue(r)) <= 0;
+ else if ((res = call_orderTM(L, l, r, TM_LE)) != -1) /* first try `le' */
+ return res;
+ else if ((res = call_orderTM(L, r, l, TM_LT)) != -1) /* else try `lt' */
+ return !res;
+ return luaG_ordererror(L, l, r);
+}
+
+
+int luaV_equalval (lua_State *L, const TValue *t1, const TValue *t2) {
+ const TValue *tm;
+ lua_assert(ttype(t1) == ttype(t2));
+ switch (ttype(t1)) {
+ case LUA_TNIL: return 1;
+ case LUA_TNUMBER: return luai_numeq(nvalue(t1), nvalue(t2));
+ case LUA_TBOOLEAN: return bvalue(t1) == bvalue(t2); /* true must be 1 !! */
+ case LUA_TLIGHTUSERDATA: return pvalue(t1) == pvalue(t2);
+ case LUA_TUSERDATA: {
+ if (uvalue(t1) == uvalue(t2)) return 1;
+ tm = get_compTM(L, uvalue(t1)->metatable, uvalue(t2)->metatable,
+ TM_EQ);
+ break; /* will try TM */
+ }
+ case LUA_TTABLE: {
+ if (hvalue(t1) == hvalue(t2)) return 1;
+ tm = get_compTM(L, hvalue(t1)->metatable, hvalue(t2)->metatable, TM_EQ);
+ break; /* will try TM */
+ }
+ default: return gcvalue(t1) == gcvalue(t2);
+ }
+ if (tm == NULL) return 0; /* no TM? */
+ callTMres(L, L->top, tm, t1, t2); /* call TM */
+ return !l_isfalse(L->top);
+}
+
+
+void luaV_concat (lua_State *L, int total, int last) {
+ do {
+ StkId top = L->base + last + 1;
+ int n = 2; /* number of elements handled in this pass (at least 2) */
+ if (!(ttisstring(top-2) || ttisnumber(top-2)) || !tostring(L, top-1)) {
+ if (!call_binTM(L, top-2, top-1, top-2, TM_CONCAT))
+ luaG_concaterror(L, top-2, top-1);
+ } else if (tsvalue(top-1)->len == 0) /* second op is empty? */
+ (void)tostring(L, top - 2); /* result is first op (as string) */
+ else {
+ /* at least two string values; get as many as possible */
+ size_t tl = tsvalue(top-1)->len;
+ char *buffer;
+ int i;
+ /* collect total length */
+ for (n = 1; n < total && tostring(L, top-n-1); n++) {
+ size_t l = tsvalue(top-n-1)->len;
+ if (l >= MAX_SIZET - tl) luaG_runerror(L, "string length overflow");
+ tl += l;
+ }
+ buffer = luaZ_openspace(L, &G(L)->buff, tl);
+ tl = 0;
+ for (i=n; i>0; i--) { /* concat all strings */
+ size_t l = tsvalue(top-i)->len;
+ memcpy(buffer+tl, svalue(top-i), l);
+ tl += l;
+ }
+ setsvalue2s(L, top-n, luaS_newlstr(L, buffer, tl));
+ }
+ total -= n-1; /* got `n' strings to create 1 new */
+ last -= n-1;
+ } while (total > 1); /* repeat until only 1 result left */
+}
+
+
+static void Arith (lua_State *L, StkId ra, const TValue *rb,
+ const TValue *rc, TMS op) {
+ TValue tempb, tempc;
+ const TValue *b, *c;
+ if ((b = luaV_tonumber(rb, &tempb)) != NULL &&
+ (c = luaV_tonumber(rc, &tempc)) != NULL) {
+ lua_Number nb = nvalue(b), nc = nvalue(c);
+ switch (op) {
+ case TM_ADD: setnvalue(ra, luai_numadd(nb, nc)); break;
+ case TM_SUB: setnvalue(ra, luai_numsub(nb, nc)); break;
+ case TM_MUL: setnvalue(ra, luai_nummul(nb, nc)); break;
+ case TM_DIV: setnvalue(ra, luai_numdiv(nb, nc)); break;
+ case TM_MOD: setnvalue(ra, luai_nummod(nb, nc)); break;
+ case TM_POW: setnvalue(ra, luai_numpow(nb, nc)); break;
+ case TM_UNM: setnvalue(ra, luai_numunm(nb)); break;
+ default: lua_assert(0); break;
+ }
+ }
+ else if (!call_binTM(L, rb, rc, ra, op))
+ luaG_aritherror(L, rb, rc);
+}
+
+
+
+/*
+** some macros for common tasks in `luaV_execute'
+*/
+
+#define runtime_check(L, c) { if (!(c)) break; }
+
+#define RA(i) (base+GETARG_A(i))
+/* to be used after possible stack reallocation */
+#define RB(i) check_exp(getBMode(GET_OPCODE(i)) == OpArgR, base+GETARG_B(i))
+#define RC(i) check_exp(getCMode(GET_OPCODE(i)) == OpArgR, base+GETARG_C(i))
+#define RKB(i) check_exp(getBMode(GET_OPCODE(i)) == OpArgK, \
+ ISK(GETARG_B(i)) ? k+INDEXK(GETARG_B(i)) : base+GETARG_B(i))
+#define RKC(i) check_exp(getCMode(GET_OPCODE(i)) == OpArgK, \
+ ISK(GETARG_C(i)) ? k+INDEXK(GETARG_C(i)) : base+GETARG_C(i))
+#define KBx(i) check_exp(getBMode(GET_OPCODE(i)) == OpArgK, k+GETARG_Bx(i))
+
+
+#define dojump(L,pc,i) {(pc) += (i); luai_threadyield(L);}
+
+
+#define Protect(x) { L->savedpc = pc; {x;}; base = L->base; }
+
+
+#define arith_op(op,tm) { \
+ TValue *rb = RKB(i); \
+ TValue *rc = RKC(i); \
+ if (ttisnumber(rb) && ttisnumber(rc)) { \
+ lua_Number nb = nvalue(rb), nc = nvalue(rc); \
+ setnvalue(ra, op(nb, nc)); \
+ } \
+ else \
+ Protect(Arith(L, ra, rb, rc, tm)); \
+ }
+
+
+
+void luaV_execute (lua_State *L, int nexeccalls) {
+ LClosure *cl;
+ StkId base;
+ TValue *k;
+ const Instruction *pc;
+ reentry: /* entry point */
+ lua_assert(isLua(L->ci));
+ pc = L->savedpc;
+ cl = &clvalue(L->ci->func)->l;
+ base = L->base;
+ k = cl->p->k;
+ /* main loop of interpreter */
+ for (;;) {
+ const Instruction i = *pc++;
+ StkId ra;
+ if ((L->hookmask & (LUA_MASKLINE | LUA_MASKCOUNT)) &&
+ (--L->hookcount == 0 || L->hookmask & LUA_MASKLINE)) {
+ traceexec(L, pc);
+ if (L->status == LUA_YIELD) { /* did hook yield? */
+ L->savedpc = pc - 1;
+ return;
+ }
+ base = L->base;
+ }
+ /* warning!! several calls may realloc the stack and invalidate `ra' */
+ ra = RA(i);
+ lua_assert(base == L->base && L->base == L->ci->base);
+ lua_assert(base <= L->top && L->top <= L->stack + L->stacksize);
+ lua_assert(L->top == L->ci->top || luaG_checkopenop(i));
+ switch (GET_OPCODE(i)) {
+ case OP_MOVE: {
+ setobjs2s(L, ra, RB(i));
+ continue;
+ }
+ case OP_LOADK: {
+ setobj2s(L, ra, KBx(i));
+ continue;
+ }
+ case OP_LOADBOOL: {
+ setbvalue(ra, GETARG_B(i));
+ if (GETARG_C(i)) pc++; /* skip next instruction (if C) */
+ continue;
+ }
+ case OP_LOADNIL: {
+ TValue *rb = RB(i);
+ do {
+ setnilvalue(rb--);
+ } while (rb >= ra);
+ continue;
+ }
+ case OP_GETUPVAL: {
+ int b = GETARG_B(i);
+ setobj2s(L, ra, cl->upvals[b]->v);
+ continue;
+ }
+ case OP_GETGLOBAL: {
+ TValue g;
+ TValue *rb = KBx(i);
+ sethvalue(L, &g, cl->env);
+ lua_assert(ttisstring(rb));
+ Protect(luaV_gettable(L, &g, rb, ra));
+ continue;
+ }
+ case OP_GETTABLE: {
+ Protect(luaV_gettable(L, RB(i), RKC(i), ra));
+ continue;
+ }
+ case OP_SETGLOBAL: {
+ TValue g;
+ sethvalue(L, &g, cl->env);
+ lua_assert(ttisstring(KBx(i)));
+ Protect(luaV_settable(L, &g, KBx(i), ra));
+ continue;
+ }
+ case OP_SETUPVAL: {
+ UpVal *uv = cl->upvals[GETARG_B(i)];
+ setobj(L, uv->v, ra);
+ luaC_barrier(L, uv, ra);
+ continue;
+ }
+ case OP_SETTABLE: {
+ Protect(luaV_settable(L, ra, RKB(i), RKC(i)));
+ continue;
+ }
+ case OP_NEWTABLE: {
+ int b = GETARG_B(i);
+ int c = GETARG_C(i);
+ sethvalue(L, ra, luaH_new(L, luaO_fb2int(b), luaO_fb2int(c)));
+ Protect(luaC_checkGC(L));
+ continue;
+ }
+ case OP_SELF: {
+ StkId rb = RB(i);
+ setobjs2s(L, ra+1, rb);
+ Protect(luaV_gettable(L, rb, RKC(i), ra));
+ continue;
+ }
+ case OP_ADD: {
+ arith_op(luai_numadd, TM_ADD);
+ continue;
+ }
+ case OP_SUB: {
+ arith_op(luai_numsub, TM_SUB);
+ continue;
+ }
+ case OP_MUL: {
+ arith_op(luai_nummul, TM_MUL);
+ continue;
+ }
+ case OP_DIV: {
+ arith_op(luai_numdiv, TM_DIV);
+ continue;
+ }
+ case OP_MOD: {
+ arith_op(luai_nummod, TM_MOD);
+ continue;
+ }
+ case OP_POW: {
+ arith_op(luai_numpow, TM_POW);
+ continue;
+ }
+ case OP_UNM: {
+ TValue *rb = RB(i);
+ if (ttisnumber(rb)) {
+ lua_Number nb = nvalue(rb);
+ setnvalue(ra, luai_numunm(nb));
+ }
+ else {
+ Protect(Arith(L, ra, rb, rb, TM_UNM));
+ }
+ continue;
+ }
+ case OP_NOT: {
+ int res = l_isfalse(RB(i)); /* next assignment may change this value */
+ setbvalue(ra, res);
+ continue;
+ }
+ case OP_LEN: {
+ const TValue *rb = RB(i);
+ switch (ttype(rb)) {
+ case LUA_TTABLE: {
+ setnvalue(ra, cast_num(luaH_getn(hvalue(rb))));
+ break;
+ }
+ case LUA_TSTRING: {
+ setnvalue(ra, cast_num(tsvalue(rb)->len));
+ break;
+ }
+ default: { /* try metamethod */
+ Protect(
+ if (!call_binTM(L, rb, luaO_nilobject, ra, TM_LEN))
+ luaG_typeerror(L, rb, "get length of");
+ )
+ }
+ }
+ continue;
+ }
+ case OP_CONCAT: {
+ int b = GETARG_B(i);
+ int c = GETARG_C(i);
+ Protect(luaV_concat(L, c-b+1, c); luaC_checkGC(L));
+ setobjs2s(L, RA(i), base+b);
+ continue;
+ }
+ case OP_JMP: {
+ dojump(L, pc, GETARG_sBx(i));
+ continue;
+ }
+ case OP_EQ: {
+ TValue *rb = RKB(i);
+ TValue *rc = RKC(i);
+ Protect(
+ if (equalobj(L, rb, rc) == GETARG_A(i))
+ dojump(L, pc, GETARG_sBx(*pc));
+ )
+ pc++;
+ continue;
+ }
+ case OP_LT: {
+ Protect(
+ if (luaV_lessthan(L, RKB(i), RKC(i)) == GETARG_A(i))
+ dojump(L, pc, GETARG_sBx(*pc));
+ )
+ pc++;
+ continue;
+ }
+ case OP_LE: {
+ Protect(
+ if (lessequal(L, RKB(i), RKC(i)) == GETARG_A(i))
+ dojump(L, pc, GETARG_sBx(*pc));
+ )
+ pc++;
+ continue;
+ }
+ case OP_TEST: {
+ if (l_isfalse(ra) != GETARG_C(i))
+ dojump(L, pc, GETARG_sBx(*pc));
+ pc++;
+ continue;
+ }
+ case OP_TESTSET: {
+ TValue *rb = RB(i);
+ if (l_isfalse(rb) != GETARG_C(i)) {
+ setobjs2s(L, ra, rb);
+ dojump(L, pc, GETARG_sBx(*pc));
+ }
+ pc++;
+ continue;
+ }
+ case OP_CALL: {
+ int b = GETARG_B(i);
+ int nresults = GETARG_C(i) - 1;
+ if (b != 0) L->top = ra+b; /* else previous instruction set top */
+ L->savedpc = pc;
+ switch (luaD_precall(L, ra, nresults)) {
+ case PCRLUA: {
+ nexeccalls++;
+ goto reentry; /* restart luaV_execute over new Lua function */
+ }
+ case PCRC: {
+ /* it was a C function (`precall' called it); adjust results */
+ if (nresults >= 0) L->top = L->ci->top;
+ base = L->base;
+ continue;
+ }
+ default: {
+ return; /* yield */
+ }
+ }
+ }
+ case OP_TAILCALL: {
+ int b = GETARG_B(i);
+ if (b != 0) L->top = ra+b; /* else previous instruction set top */
+ L->savedpc = pc;
+ lua_assert(GETARG_C(i) - 1 == LUA_MULTRET);
+ switch (luaD_precall(L, ra, LUA_MULTRET)) {
+ case PCRLUA: {
+ /* tail call: put new frame in place of previous one */
+ CallInfo *ci = L->ci - 1; /* previous frame */
+ int aux;
+ StkId func = ci->func;
+ StkId pfunc = (ci+1)->func; /* previous function index */
+ if (L->openupval) luaF_close(L, ci->base);
+ L->base = ci->base = ci->func + ((ci+1)->base - pfunc);
+ for (aux = 0; pfunc+aux < L->top; aux++) /* move frame down */
+ setobjs2s(L, func+aux, pfunc+aux);
+ ci->top = L->top = func+aux; /* correct top */
+ lua_assert(L->top == L->base + clvalue(func)->l.p->maxstacksize);
+ ci->savedpc = L->savedpc;
+ ci->tailcalls++; /* one more call lost */
+ L->ci--; /* remove new frame */
+ goto reentry;
+ }
+ case PCRC: { /* it was a C function (`precall' called it) */
+ base = L->base;
+ continue;
+ }
+ default: {
+ return; /* yield */
+ }
+ }
+ }
+ case OP_RETURN: {
+ int b = GETARG_B(i);
+ if (b != 0) L->top = ra+b-1;
+ if (L->openupval) luaF_close(L, base);
+ L->savedpc = pc;
+ b = luaD_poscall(L, ra);
+ if (--nexeccalls == 0) /* was previous function running `here'? */
+ return; /* no: return */
+ else { /* yes: continue its execution */
+ if (b) L->top = L->ci->top;
+ lua_assert(isLua(L->ci));
+ lua_assert(GET_OPCODE(*((L->ci)->savedpc - 1)) == OP_CALL);
+ goto reentry;
+ }
+ }
+ case OP_FORLOOP: {
+ lua_Number step = nvalue(ra+2);
+ lua_Number idx = luai_numadd(nvalue(ra), step); /* increment index */
+ lua_Number limit = nvalue(ra+1);
+ if (luai_numlt(0, step) ? luai_numle(idx, limit)
+ : luai_numle(limit, idx)) {
+ dojump(L, pc, GETARG_sBx(i)); /* jump back */
+ setnvalue(ra, idx); /* update internal index... */
+ setnvalue(ra+3, idx); /* ...and external index */
+ }
+ continue;
+ }
+ case OP_FORPREP: {
+ const TValue *init = ra;
+ const TValue *plimit = ra+1;
+ const TValue *pstep = ra+2;
+ L->savedpc = pc; /* next steps may throw errors */
+ if (!tonumber(init, ra))
+ luaG_runerror(L, LUA_QL("for") " initial value must be a number");
+ else if (!tonumber(plimit, ra+1))
+ luaG_runerror(L, LUA_QL("for") " limit must be a number");
+ else if (!tonumber(pstep, ra+2))
+ luaG_runerror(L, LUA_QL("for") " step must be a number");
+ setnvalue(ra, luai_numsub(nvalue(ra), nvalue(pstep)));
+ dojump(L, pc, GETARG_sBx(i));
+ continue;
+ }
+ case OP_TFORLOOP: {
+ StkId cb = ra + 3; /* call base */
+ setobjs2s(L, cb+2, ra+2);
+ setobjs2s(L, cb+1, ra+1);
+ setobjs2s(L, cb, ra);
+ L->top = cb+3; /* func. + 2 args (state and index) */
+ Protect(luaD_call(L, cb, GETARG_C(i)));
+ L->top = L->ci->top;
+ cb = RA(i) + 3; /* previous call may change the stack */
+ if (!ttisnil(cb)) { /* continue loop? */
+ setobjs2s(L, cb-1, cb); /* save control variable */
+ dojump(L, pc, GETARG_sBx(*pc)); /* jump back */
+ }
+ pc++;
+ continue;
+ }
+ case OP_SETLIST: {
+ int n = GETARG_B(i);
+ int c = GETARG_C(i);
+ int last;
+ Table *h;
+ if (n == 0) {
+ n = cast_int(L->top - ra) - 1;
+ L->top = L->ci->top;
+ }
+ if (c == 0) c = cast_int(*pc++);
+ runtime_check(L, ttistable(ra));
+ h = hvalue(ra);
+ last = ((c-1)*LFIELDS_PER_FLUSH) + n;
+ if (last > h->sizearray) /* needs more space? */
+ luaH_resizearray(L, h, last); /* pre-alloc it at once */
+ for (; n > 0; n--) {
+ TValue *val = ra+n;
+ setobj2t(L, luaH_setnum(L, h, last--), val);
+ luaC_barriert(L, h, val);
+ }
+ continue;
+ }
+ case OP_CLOSE: {
+ luaF_close(L, ra);
+ continue;
+ }
+ case OP_CLOSURE: {
+ Proto *p;
+ Closure *ncl;
+ int nup, j;
+ p = cl->p->p[GETARG_Bx(i)];
+ nup = p->nups;
+ ncl = luaF_newLclosure(L, nup, cl->env);
+ ncl->l.p = p;
+ for (j=0; j<nup; j++, pc++) {
+ if (GET_OPCODE(*pc) == OP_GETUPVAL)
+ ncl->l.upvals[j] = cl->upvals[GETARG_B(*pc)];
+ else {
+ lua_assert(GET_OPCODE(*pc) == OP_MOVE);
+ ncl->l.upvals[j] = luaF_findupval(L, base + GETARG_B(*pc));
+ }
+ }
+ setclvalue(L, ra, ncl);
+ Protect(luaC_checkGC(L));
+ continue;
+ }
+ case OP_VARARG: {
+ int b = GETARG_B(i) - 1;
+ int j;
+ CallInfo *ci = L->ci;
+ int n = cast_int(ci->base - ci->func) - cl->p->numparams - 1;
+ if (b == LUA_MULTRET) {
+ Protect(luaD_checkstack(L, n));
+ ra = RA(i); /* previous call may change the stack */
+ b = n;
+ L->top = ra + n;
+ }
+ for (j = 0; j < b; j++) {
+ if (j < n) {
+ setobjs2s(L, ra + j, ci->base - n + j);
+ }
+ else {
+ setnilvalue(ra + j);
+ }
+ }
+ continue;
+ }
+ }
+ }
+}
+
--- /dev/null
+/*
+** $Id: lvm.h,v 2.5.1.1 2007/12/27 13:02:25 roberto Exp $
+** Lua virtual machine
+** See Copyright Notice in lua.h
+*/
+
+#ifndef lvm_h
+#define lvm_h
+
+
+#include "ldo.h"
+#include "lobject.h"
+#include "ltm.h"
+
+
+#define tostring(L,o) ((ttype(o) == LUA_TSTRING) || (luaV_tostring(L, o)))
+
+#define tonumber(o,n) (ttype(o) == LUA_TNUMBER || \
+ (((o) = luaV_tonumber(o,n)) != NULL))
+
+#define equalobj(L,o1,o2) \
+ (ttype(o1) == ttype(o2) && luaV_equalval(L, o1, o2))
+
+
+LUAI_FUNC int luaV_lessthan (lua_State *L, const TValue *l, const TValue *r);
+LUAI_FUNC int luaV_equalval (lua_State *L, const TValue *t1, const TValue *t2);
+LUAI_FUNC const TValue *luaV_tonumber (const TValue *obj, TValue *n);
+LUAI_FUNC int luaV_tostring (lua_State *L, StkId obj);
+LUAI_FUNC void luaV_gettable (lua_State *L, const TValue *t, TValue *key,
+ StkId val);
+LUAI_FUNC void luaV_settable (lua_State *L, const TValue *t, TValue *key,
+ StkId val);
+LUAI_FUNC void luaV_execute (lua_State *L, int nexeccalls);
+LUAI_FUNC void luaV_concat (lua_State *L, int total, int last);
+
+#endif
--- /dev/null
+/*
+** $Id: lzio.c,v 1.31.1.1 2007/12/27 13:02:25 roberto Exp $
+** a generic input stream interface
+** See Copyright Notice in lua.h
+*/
+
+
+#include <string.h>
+
+#define lzio_c
+#define LUA_CORE
+
+#include "lua.h"
+
+#include "llimits.h"
+#include "lmem.h"
+#include "lstate.h"
+#include "lzio.h"
+
+
+int luaZ_fill (ZIO *z) {
+ size_t size;
+ lua_State *L = z->L;
+ const char *buff;
+ lua_unlock(L);
+ buff = z->reader(L, z->data, &size);
+ lua_lock(L);
+ if (buff == NULL || size == 0) return EOZ;
+ z->n = size - 1;
+ z->p = buff;
+ return char2int(*(z->p++));
+}
+
+
+int luaZ_lookahead (ZIO *z) {
+ if (z->n == 0) {
+ if (luaZ_fill(z) == EOZ)
+ return EOZ;
+ else {
+ z->n++; /* luaZ_fill removed first byte; put back it */
+ z->p--;
+ }
+ }
+ return char2int(*z->p);
+}
+
+
+void luaZ_init (lua_State *L, ZIO *z, lua_Reader reader, void *data) {
+ z->L = L;
+ z->reader = reader;
+ z->data = data;
+ z->n = 0;
+ z->p = NULL;
+}
+
+
+/* --------------------------------------------------------------- read --- */
+size_t luaZ_read (ZIO *z, void *b, size_t n) {
+ while (n) {
+ size_t m;
+ if (luaZ_lookahead(z) == EOZ)
+ return n; /* return number of missing bytes */
+ m = (n <= z->n) ? n : z->n; /* min. between n and z->n */
+ memcpy(b, z->p, m);
+ z->n -= m;
+ z->p += m;
+ b = (char *)b + m;
+ n -= m;
+ }
+ return 0;
+}
+
+/* ------------------------------------------------------------------------ */
+char *luaZ_openspace (lua_State *L, Mbuffer *buff, size_t n) {
+ if (n > buff->buffsize) {
+ if (n < LUA_MINBUFFER) n = LUA_MINBUFFER;
+ luaZ_resizebuffer(L, buff, n);
+ }
+ return buff->buffer;
+}
+
+
--- /dev/null
+/*
+** $Id: lzio.h,v 1.21.1.1 2007/12/27 13:02:25 roberto Exp $
+** Buffered streams
+** See Copyright Notice in lua.h
+*/
+
+
+#ifndef lzio_h
+#define lzio_h
+
+#include "lua.h"
+
+#include "lmem.h"
+
+
+#define EOZ (-1) /* end of stream */
+
+typedef struct Zio ZIO;
+
+#define char2int(c) cast(int, cast(unsigned char, (c)))
+
+#define zgetc(z) (((z)->n--)>0 ? char2int(*(z)->p++) : luaZ_fill(z))
+
+typedef struct Mbuffer {
+ char *buffer;
+ size_t n;
+ size_t buffsize;
+} Mbuffer;
+
+#define luaZ_initbuffer(L, buff) ((buff)->buffer = NULL, (buff)->buffsize = 0)
+
+#define luaZ_buffer(buff) ((buff)->buffer)
+#define luaZ_sizebuffer(buff) ((buff)->buffsize)
+#define luaZ_bufflen(buff) ((buff)->n)
+
+#define luaZ_resetbuffer(buff) ((buff)->n = 0)
+
+
+#define luaZ_resizebuffer(L, buff, size) \
+ (luaM_reallocvector(L, (buff)->buffer, (buff)->buffsize, size, char), \
+ (buff)->buffsize = size)
+
+#define luaZ_freebuffer(L, buff) luaZ_resizebuffer(L, buff, 0)
+
+
+LUAI_FUNC char *luaZ_openspace (lua_State *L, Mbuffer *buff, size_t n);
+LUAI_FUNC void luaZ_init (lua_State *L, ZIO *z, lua_Reader reader,
+ void *data);
+LUAI_FUNC size_t luaZ_read (ZIO* z, void* b, size_t n); /* read next n bytes */
+LUAI_FUNC int luaZ_lookahead (ZIO *z);
+
+
+
+/* --------- Private Part ------------------ */
+
+struct Zio {
+ size_t n; /* bytes still unread */
+ const char *p; /* current position in buffer */
+ lua_Reader reader;
+ void* data; /* additional data */
+ lua_State *L; /* Lua state (for reader) */
+};
+
+
+LUAI_FUNC int luaZ_fill (ZIO *z);
+
+#endif
--- /dev/null
+/*
+** $Id: print.c,v 1.55a 2006/05/31 13:30:05 lhf Exp $
+** print bytecodes
+** See Copyright Notice in lua.h
+*/
+
+#include <ctype.h>
+#include <stdio.h>
+
+#define luac_c
+#define LUA_CORE
+
+#include "ldebug.h"
+#include "lobject.h"
+#include "lopcodes.h"
+#include "lundump.h"
+
+#define PrintFunction luaU_print
+
+#define Sizeof(x) ((int)sizeof(x))
+#define VOID(p) ((const void*)(p))
+
+static void PrintString(const TString* ts)
+{
+ const char* s=getstr(ts);
+ size_t i,n=ts->tsv.len;
+ putchar('"');
+ for (i=0; i<n; i++)
+ {
+ int c=s[i];
+ switch (c)
+ {
+ case '"': printf("\\\""); break;
+ case '\\': printf("\\\\"); break;
+ case '\a': printf("\\a"); break;
+ case '\b': printf("\\b"); break;
+ case '\f': printf("\\f"); break;
+ case '\n': printf("\\n"); break;
+ case '\r': printf("\\r"); break;
+ case '\t': printf("\\t"); break;
+ case '\v': printf("\\v"); break;
+ default: if (isprint((unsigned char)c))
+ putchar(c);
+ else
+ printf("\\%03u",(unsigned char)c);
+ }
+ }
+ putchar('"');
+}
+
+static void PrintConstant(const Proto* f, int i)
+{
+ const TValue* o=&f->k[i];
+ switch (ttype(o))
+ {
+ case LUA_TNIL:
+ printf("nil");
+ break;
+ case LUA_TBOOLEAN:
+ printf(bvalue(o) ? "true" : "false");
+ break;
+ case LUA_TNUMBER:
+ printf(LUA_NUMBER_FMT,nvalue(o));
+ break;
+ case LUA_TSTRING:
+ PrintString(rawtsvalue(o));
+ break;
+ default: /* cannot happen */
+ printf("? type=%d",ttype(o));
+ break;
+ }
+}
+
+static void PrintCode(const Proto* f)
+{
+ const Instruction* code=f->code;
+ int pc,n=f->sizecode;
+ for (pc=0; pc<n; pc++)
+ {
+ Instruction i=code[pc];
+ OpCode o=GET_OPCODE(i);
+ int a=GETARG_A(i);
+ int b=GETARG_B(i);
+ int c=GETARG_C(i);
+ int bx=GETARG_Bx(i);
+ int sbx=GETARG_sBx(i);
+ int line=getline_(f,pc);
+ printf("\t%d\t",pc+1);
+ if (line>0) printf("[%d]\t",line); else printf("[-]\t");
+ printf("%-9s\t",luaP_opnames[o]);
+ switch (getOpMode(o))
+ {
+ case iABC:
+ printf("%d",a);
+ if (getBMode(o)!=OpArgN) printf(" %d",ISK(b) ? (-1-INDEXK(b)) : b);
+ if (getCMode(o)!=OpArgN) printf(" %d",ISK(c) ? (-1-INDEXK(c)) : c);
+ break;
+ case iABx:
+ if (getBMode(o)==OpArgK) printf("%d %d",a,-1-bx); else printf("%d %d",a,bx);
+ break;
+ case iAsBx:
+ if (o==OP_JMP) printf("%d",sbx); else printf("%d %d",a,sbx);
+ break;
+ }
+ switch (o)
+ {
+ case OP_LOADK:
+ printf("\t; "); PrintConstant(f,bx);
+ break;
+ case OP_GETUPVAL:
+ case OP_SETUPVAL:
+ printf("\t; %s", (f->sizeupvalues>0) ? getstr(f->upvalues[b]) : "-");
+ break;
+ case OP_GETGLOBAL:
+ case OP_SETGLOBAL:
+ printf("\t; %s",svalue(&f->k[bx]));
+ break;
+ case OP_GETTABLE:
+ case OP_SELF:
+ if (ISK(c)) { printf("\t; "); PrintConstant(f,INDEXK(c)); }
+ break;
+ case OP_SETTABLE:
+ case OP_ADD:
+ case OP_SUB:
+ case OP_MUL:
+ case OP_DIV:
+ case OP_POW:
+ case OP_EQ:
+ case OP_LT:
+ case OP_LE:
+ if (ISK(b) || ISK(c))
+ {
+ printf("\t; ");
+ if (ISK(b)) PrintConstant(f,INDEXK(b)); else printf("-");
+ printf(" ");
+ if (ISK(c)) PrintConstant(f,INDEXK(c)); else printf("-");
+ }
+ break;
+ case OP_JMP:
+ case OP_FORLOOP:
+ case OP_FORPREP:
+ printf("\t; to %d",sbx+pc+2);
+ break;
+ case OP_CLOSURE:
+ printf("\t; %p",VOID(f->p[bx]));
+ break;
+ case OP_SETLIST:
+ if (c==0) printf("\t; %d",(int)code[++pc]);
+ else printf("\t; %d",c);
+ break;
+ default:
+ break;
+ }
+ printf("\n");
+ }
+}
+
+#define SS(x) (x==1)?"":"s"
+#define S(x) x,SS(x)
+
+static void PrintHeader(const Proto* f)
+{
+ const char* s=getstr(f->source);
+ if (*s=='@' || *s=='=')
+ s++;
+ else if (*s==LUA_SIGNATURE[0])
+ s="(bstring)";
+ else
+ s="(string)";
+ printf("\n%s <%s:%d,%d> (%d instruction%s, %d bytes at %p)\n",
+ (f->linedefined==0)?"main":"function",s,
+ f->linedefined,f->lastlinedefined,
+ S(f->sizecode),f->sizecode*Sizeof(Instruction),VOID(f));
+ printf("%d%s param%s, %d slot%s, %d upvalue%s, ",
+ f->numparams,f->is_vararg?"+":"",SS(f->numparams),
+ S(f->maxstacksize),S(f->nups));
+ printf("%d local%s, %d constant%s, %d function%s\n",
+ S(f->sizelocvars),S(f->sizek),S(f->sizep));
+}
+
+static void PrintConstants(const Proto* f)
+{
+ int i,n=f->sizek;
+ printf("constants (%d) for %p:\n",n,VOID(f));
+ for (i=0; i<n; i++)
+ {
+ printf("\t%d\t",i+1);
+ PrintConstant(f,i);
+ printf("\n");
+ }
+}
+
+static void PrintLocals(const Proto* f)
+{
+ int i,n=f->sizelocvars;
+ printf("locals (%d) for %p:\n",n,VOID(f));
+ for (i=0; i<n; i++)
+ {
+ printf("\t%d\t%s\t%d\t%d\n",
+ i,getstr(f->locvars[i].varname),f->locvars[i].startpc+1,f->locvars[i].endpc+1);
+ }
+}
+
+static void PrintUpvalues(const Proto* f)
+{
+ int i,n=f->sizeupvalues;
+ printf("upvalues (%d) for %p:\n",n,VOID(f));
+ if (f->upvalues==NULL) return;
+ for (i=0; i<n; i++)
+ {
+ printf("\t%d\t%s\n",i,getstr(f->upvalues[i]));
+ }
+}
+
+void PrintFunction(const Proto* f, int full)
+{
+ int i,n=f->sizep;
+ PrintHeader(f);
+ PrintCode(f);
+ if (full)
+ {
+ PrintConstants(f);
+ PrintLocals(f);
+ PrintUpvalues(f);
+ }
+ for (i=0; i<n; i++) PrintFunction(f->p[i],full);
+}
--- /dev/null
+These are simple tests for Lua. Some of them contain useful code.
+They are meant to be run to make sure Lua is built correctly and also
+to be read, to see how Lua programs look.
+
+Here is a one-line summary of each program:
+
+ bisect.lua bisection method for solving non-linear equations
+ cf.lua temperature conversion table (celsius to farenheit)
+ echo.lua echo command line arguments
+ env.lua environment variables as automatic global variables
+ factorial.lua factorial without recursion
+ fib.lua fibonacci function with cache
+ fibfor.lua fibonacci numbers with coroutines and generators
+ globals.lua report global variable usage
+ hello.lua the first program in every language
+ life.lua Conway's Game of Life
+ luac.lua bare-bones luac
+ printf.lua an implementation of printf
+ readonly.lua make global variables readonly
+ sieve.lua the sieve of of Eratosthenes programmed with coroutines
+ sort.lua two implementations of a sort function
+ table.lua make table, grouping all data for the same item
+ trace-calls.lua trace calls
+ trace-globals.lua trace assigments to global variables
+ xd.lua hex dump
+
--- /dev/null
+-- bisection method for solving non-linear equations
+
+delta=1e-6 -- tolerance
+
+function bisect(f,a,b,fa,fb)
+ local c=(a+b)/2
+ io.write(n," c=",c," a=",a," b=",b,"\n")
+ if c==a or c==b or math.abs(a-b)<delta then return c,b-a end
+ n=n+1
+ local fc=f(c)
+ if fa*fc<0 then return bisect(f,a,c,fa,fc) else return bisect(f,c,b,fc,fb) end
+end
+
+-- find root of f in the inverval [a,b]. needs f(a)*f(b)<0
+function solve(f,a,b)
+ n=0
+ local z,e=bisect(f,a,b,f(a),f(b))
+ io.write(string.format("after %d steps, root is %.17g with error %.1e, f=%.1e\n",n,z,e,f(z)))
+end
+
+-- our function
+function f(x)
+ return x*x*x-x-1
+end
+
+-- find zero in [1,2]
+solve(f,1,2)
--- /dev/null
+-- temperature conversion table (celsius to farenheit)
+
+for c0=-20,50-1,10 do
+ io.write("C ")
+ for c=c0,c0+10-1 do
+ io.write(string.format("%3.0f ",c))
+ end
+ io.write("\n")
+
+ io.write("F ")
+ for c=c0,c0+10-1 do
+ f=(9/5)*c+32
+ io.write(string.format("%3.0f ",f))
+ end
+ io.write("\n\n")
+end
--- /dev/null
+-- echo command line arguments
+
+for i=0,table.getn(arg) do
+ print(i,arg[i])
+end
--- /dev/null
+-- read environment variables as if they were global variables
+
+local f=function (t,i) return os.getenv(i) end
+setmetatable(getfenv(),{__index=f})
+
+-- an example
+print(a,USER,PATH)
--- /dev/null
+-- function closures are powerful
+
+-- traditional fixed-point operator from functional programming
+Y = function (g)
+ local a = function (f) return f(f) end
+ return a(function (f)
+ return g(function (x)
+ local c=f(f)
+ return c(x)
+ end)
+ end)
+end
+
+
+-- factorial without recursion
+F = function (f)
+ return function (n)
+ if n == 0 then return 1
+ else return n*f(n-1) end
+ end
+ end
+
+factorial = Y(F) -- factorial is the fixed point of F
+
+-- now test it
+function test(x)
+ io.write(x,"! = ",factorial(x),"\n")
+end
+
+for n=0,16 do
+ test(n)
+end
--- /dev/null
+-- fibonacci function with cache
+
+-- very inefficient fibonacci function
+function fib(n)
+ N=N+1
+ if n<2 then
+ return n
+ else
+ return fib(n-1)+fib(n-2)
+ end
+end
+
+-- a general-purpose value cache
+function cache(f)
+ local c={}
+ return function (x)
+ local y=c[x]
+ if not y then
+ y=f(x)
+ c[x]=y
+ end
+ return y
+ end
+end
+
+-- run and time it
+function test(s,f)
+ N=0
+ local c=os.clock()
+ local v=f(n)
+ local t=os.clock()-c
+ print(s,n,v,t,N)
+end
+
+n=arg[1] or 24 -- for other values, do lua fib.lua XX
+n=tonumber(n)
+print("","n","value","time","evals")
+test("plain",fib)
+fib=cache(fib)
+test("cached",fib)
--- /dev/null
+-- example of for with generator functions
+
+function generatefib (n)
+ return coroutine.wrap(function ()
+ local a,b = 1, 1
+ while a <= n do
+ coroutine.yield(a)
+ a, b = b, a+b
+ end
+ end)
+end
+
+for i in generatefib(1000) do print(i) end
--- /dev/null
+-- reads luac listings and reports global variable usage
+-- lines where a global is written to are marked with "*"
+-- typical usage: luac -p -l file.lua | lua globals.lua | sort | lua table.lua
+
+while 1 do
+ local s=io.read()
+ if s==nil then break end
+ local ok,_,l,op,g=string.find(s,"%[%-?(%d*)%]%s*([GS])ETGLOBAL.-;%s+(.*)$")
+ if ok then
+ if op=="S" then op="*" else op="" end
+ io.write(g,"\t",l,op,"\n")
+ end
+end
--- /dev/null
+-- the first program in every language
+
+io.write("Hello world, from ",_VERSION,"!\n")
--- /dev/null
+-- life.lua
+-- original by Dave Bollinger <DBollinger@compuserve.com> posted to lua-l
+-- modified to use ANSI terminal escape sequences
+-- modified to use for instead of while
+
+local write=io.write
+
+ALIVE="¥" DEAD="þ"
+ALIVE="O" DEAD="-"
+
+function delay() -- NOTE: SYSTEM-DEPENDENT, adjust as necessary
+ for i=1,10000 do end
+ -- local i=os.clock()+1 while(os.clock()<i) do end
+end
+
+function ARRAY2D(w,h)
+ local t = {w=w,h=h}
+ for y=1,h do
+ t[y] = {}
+ for x=1,w do
+ t[y][x]=0
+ end
+ end
+ return t
+end
+
+_CELLS = {}
+
+-- give birth to a "shape" within the cell array
+function _CELLS:spawn(shape,left,top)
+ for y=0,shape.h-1 do
+ for x=0,shape.w-1 do
+ self[top+y][left+x] = shape[y*shape.w+x+1]
+ end
+ end
+end
+
+-- run the CA and produce the next generation
+function _CELLS:evolve(next)
+ local ym1,y,yp1,yi=self.h-1,self.h,1,self.h
+ while yi > 0 do
+ local xm1,x,xp1,xi=self.w-1,self.w,1,self.w
+ while xi > 0 do
+ local sum = self[ym1][xm1] + self[ym1][x] + self[ym1][xp1] +
+ self[y][xm1] + self[y][xp1] +
+ self[yp1][xm1] + self[yp1][x] + self[yp1][xp1]
+ next[y][x] = ((sum==2) and self[y][x]) or ((sum==3) and 1) or 0
+ xm1,x,xp1,xi = x,xp1,xp1+1,xi-1
+ end
+ ym1,y,yp1,yi = y,yp1,yp1+1,yi-1
+ end
+end
+
+-- output the array to screen
+function _CELLS:draw()
+ local out="" -- accumulate to reduce flicker
+ for y=1,self.h do
+ for x=1,self.w do
+ out=out..(((self[y][x]>0) and ALIVE) or DEAD)
+ end
+ out=out.."\n"
+ end
+ write(out)
+end
+
+-- constructor
+function CELLS(w,h)
+ local c = ARRAY2D(w,h)
+ c.spawn = _CELLS.spawn
+ c.evolve = _CELLS.evolve
+ c.draw = _CELLS.draw
+ return c
+end
+
+--
+-- shapes suitable for use with spawn() above
+--
+HEART = { 1,0,1,1,0,1,1,1,1; w=3,h=3 }
+GLIDER = { 0,0,1,1,0,1,0,1,1; w=3,h=3 }
+EXPLODE = { 0,1,0,1,1,1,1,0,1,0,1,0; w=3,h=4 }
+FISH = { 0,1,1,1,1,1,0,0,0,1,0,0,0,0,1,1,0,0,1,0; w=5,h=4 }
+BUTTERFLY = { 1,0,0,0,1,0,1,1,1,0,1,0,0,0,1,1,0,1,0,1,1,0,0,0,1; w=5,h=5 }
+
+-- the main routine
+function LIFE(w,h)
+ -- create two arrays
+ local thisgen = CELLS(w,h)
+ local nextgen = CELLS(w,h)
+
+ -- create some life
+ -- about 1000 generations of fun, then a glider steady-state
+ thisgen:spawn(GLIDER,5,4)
+ thisgen:spawn(EXPLODE,25,10)
+ thisgen:spawn(FISH,4,12)
+
+ -- run until break
+ local gen=1
+ write("\027[2J") -- ANSI clear screen
+ while 1 do
+ thisgen:evolve(nextgen)
+ thisgen,nextgen = nextgen,thisgen
+ write("\027[H") -- ANSI home cursor
+ thisgen:draw()
+ write("Life - generation ",gen,"\n")
+ gen=gen+1
+ if gen>2000 then break end
+ --delay() -- no delay
+ end
+end
+
+LIFE(40,20)
--- /dev/null
+-- bare-bones luac in Lua
+-- usage: lua luac.lua file.lua
+
+assert(arg[1]~=nil and arg[2]==nil,"usage: lua luac.lua file.lua")
+f=assert(io.open("luac.out","wb"))
+assert(f:write(string.dump(assert(loadfile(arg[1])))))
+assert(f:close())
--- /dev/null
+-- an implementation of printf
+
+function printf(...)
+ io.write(string.format(...))
+end
+
+printf("Hello %s from %s on %s\n",os.getenv"USER" or "there",_VERSION,os.date())
--- /dev/null
+-- make global variables readonly
+
+local f=function (t,i) error("cannot redefine global variable `"..i.."'",2) end
+local g={}
+local G=getfenv()
+setmetatable(g,{__index=G,__newindex=f})
+setfenv(1,g)
+
+-- an example
+rawset(g,"x",3)
+x=2
+y=1 -- cannot redefine `y'
--- /dev/null
+-- the sieve of of Eratosthenes programmed with coroutines
+-- typical usage: lua -e N=1000 sieve.lua | column
+
+-- generate all the numbers from 2 to n
+function gen (n)
+ return coroutine.wrap(function ()
+ for i=2,n do coroutine.yield(i) end
+ end)
+end
+
+-- filter the numbers generated by `g', removing multiples of `p'
+function filter (p, g)
+ return coroutine.wrap(function ()
+ while 1 do
+ local n = g()
+ if n == nil then return end
+ if math.mod(n, p) ~= 0 then coroutine.yield(n) end
+ end
+ end)
+end
+
+N=N or 1000 -- from command line
+x = gen(N) -- generate primes up to N
+while 1 do
+ local n = x() -- pick a number until done
+ if n == nil then break end
+ print(n) -- must be a prime number
+ x = filter(n, x) -- now remove its multiples
+end
--- /dev/null
+-- two implementations of a sort function
+-- this is an example only. Lua has now a built-in function "sort"
+
+-- extracted from Programming Pearls, page 110
+function qsort(x,l,u,f)
+ if l<u then
+ local m=math.random(u-(l-1))+l-1 -- choose a random pivot in range l..u
+ x[l],x[m]=x[m],x[l] -- swap pivot to first position
+ local t=x[l] -- pivot value
+ m=l
+ local i=l+1
+ while i<=u do
+ -- invariant: x[l+1..m] < t <= x[m+1..i-1]
+ if f(x[i],t) then
+ m=m+1
+ x[m],x[i]=x[i],x[m] -- swap x[i] and x[m]
+ end
+ i=i+1
+ end
+ x[l],x[m]=x[m],x[l] -- swap pivot to a valid place
+ -- x[l+1..m-1] < x[m] <= x[m+1..u]
+ qsort(x,l,m-1,f)
+ qsort(x,m+1,u,f)
+ end
+end
+
+function selectionsort(x,n,f)
+ local i=1
+ while i<=n do
+ local m,j=i,i+1
+ while j<=n do
+ if f(x[j],x[m]) then m=j end
+ j=j+1
+ end
+ x[i],x[m]=x[m],x[i] -- swap x[i] and x[m]
+ i=i+1
+ end
+end
+
+function show(m,x)
+ io.write(m,"\n\t")
+ local i=1
+ while x[i] do
+ io.write(x[i])
+ i=i+1
+ if x[i] then io.write(",") end
+ end
+ io.write("\n")
+end
+
+function testsorts(x)
+ local n=1
+ while x[n] do n=n+1 end; n=n-1 -- count elements
+ show("original",x)
+ qsort(x,1,n,function (x,y) return x<y end)
+ show("after quicksort",x)
+ selectionsort(x,n,function (x,y) return x>y end)
+ show("after reverse selection sort",x)
+ qsort(x,1,n,function (x,y) return x<y end)
+ show("after quicksort again",x)
+end
+
+-- array to be sorted
+x={"Jan","Feb","Mar","Apr","May","Jun","Jul","Aug","Sep","Oct","Nov","Dec"}
+
+testsorts(x)
--- /dev/null
+-- make table, grouping all data for the same item
+-- input is 2 columns (item, data)
+
+local A
+while 1 do
+ local l=io.read()
+ if l==nil then break end
+ local _,_,a,b=string.find(l,'"?([_%w]+)"?%s*(.*)$')
+ if a~=A then A=a io.write("\n",a,":") end
+ io.write(" ",b)
+end
+io.write("\n")
--- /dev/null
+-- trace calls
+-- example: lua -ltrace-calls bisect.lua
+
+local level=0
+
+local function hook(event)
+ local t=debug.getinfo(3)
+ io.write(level," >>> ",string.rep(" ",level))
+ if t~=nil and t.currentline>=0 then io.write(t.short_src,":",t.currentline," ") end
+ t=debug.getinfo(2)
+ if event=="call" then
+ level=level+1
+ else
+ level=level-1 if level<0 then level=0 end
+ end
+ if t.what=="main" then
+ if event=="call" then
+ io.write("begin ",t.short_src)
+ else
+ io.write("end ",t.short_src)
+ end
+ elseif t.what=="Lua" then
+-- table.foreach(t,print)
+ io.write(event," ",t.name or "(Lua)"," <",t.linedefined,":",t.short_src,">")
+ else
+ io.write(event," ",t.name or "(C)"," [",t.what,"] ")
+ end
+ io.write("\n")
+end
+
+debug.sethook(hook,"cr")
+level=0
--- /dev/null
+-- trace assigments to global variables
+
+do
+ -- a tostring that quotes strings. note the use of the original tostring.
+ local _tostring=tostring
+ local tostring=function(a)
+ if type(a)=="string" then
+ return string.format("%q",a)
+ else
+ return _tostring(a)
+ end
+ end
+
+ local log=function (name,old,new)
+ local t=debug.getinfo(3,"Sl")
+ local line=t.currentline
+ io.write(t.short_src)
+ if line>=0 then io.write(":",line) end
+ io.write(": ",name," is now ",tostring(new)," (was ",tostring(old),")","\n")
+ end
+
+ local g={}
+ local set=function (t,name,value)
+ log(name,g[name],value)
+ g[name]=value
+ end
+ setmetatable(getfenv(),{__index=g,__newindex=set})
+end
+
+-- an example
+
+a=1
+b=2
+a=10
+b=20
+b=nil
+b=200
+print(a,b,c)
--- /dev/null
+-- hex dump
+-- usage: lua xd.lua < file
+
+local offset=0
+while true do
+ local s=io.read(16)
+ if s==nil then return end
+ io.write(string.format("%08X ",offset))
+ string.gsub(s,"(.)",
+ function (c) io.write(string.format("%02X ",string.byte(c))) end)
+ io.write(string.rep(" ",3*(16-string.len(s))))
+ io.write(" ",string.gsub(s,"%c","."),"\n")
+ offset=offset+16
+end
--- /dev/null
+
+This is Lua 5.2, released on 12 Dec 2011.
+
+For installation instructions, license details, and
+further information about Lua, see doc/readme.html.
+
--- /dev/null
+<!DOCTYPE HTML PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD HTML 4.01 Transitional//EN">
+<HTML>
+<HEAD>
+<TITLE>Lua 5.2 Reference Manual - contents</TITLE>
+<LINK REL="stylesheet" TYPE="text/css" HREF="lua.css">
+<META HTTP-EQUIV="content-type" CONTENT="text/html; charset=iso-8859-1">
+<STYLE TYPE="text/css">
+ul {
+ list-style-type: none ;
+ list-style-position: outside ;
+}
+</STYLE>
+</HEAD>
+
+<BODY>
+
+<HR>
+<H1>
+<A HREF="http://www.lua.org/"><IMG SRC="logo.gif" ALT="" BORDER=0></A>
+Lua 5.2 Reference Manual
+</H1>
+
+<P>
+The reference manual is the official definition of the Lua language.
+For a complete introduction to Lua programming, see the book
+<A HREF="http://www.lua.org/docs.html#books">Programming in Lua</A>.
+
+<P>
+<A HREF="manual.html">start</A>
+·
+<A HREF="#contents">contents</A>
+·
+<A HREF="#index">index</A>
+<HR>
+<SMALL>
+Copyright © 2011 Lua.org, PUC-Rio.
+Freely available under the terms of the
+<A HREF="http://www.lua.org/license.html#5">Lua license</A>.
+</SMALL>
+
+<H2><A NAME="contents">Contents</A></H2>
+<UL style="padding: 0">
+<LI><A HREF="manual.html">1 – Introduction</A>
+<P>
+<LI><A HREF="manual.html#2">2 – Basic Concepts</A>
+<UL>
+<LI><A HREF="manual.html#2.1">2.1 – Values and Types</A>
+<LI><A HREF="manual.html#2.2">2.2 – Environments and the Global Environment</A>
+<LI><A HREF="manual.html#2.3">2.3 – Error Handling</A>
+<LI><A HREF="manual.html#2.4">2.4 – Metatables and Metamethods</A>
+<LI><A HREF="manual.html#2.5">2.5 – Garbage Collection</A>
+<UL>
+<LI><A HREF="manual.html#2.5.1">2.5.1 – Garbage-Collection Metamethods</A>
+<LI><A HREF="manual.html#2.5.2">2.5.2 – Weak Tables</A>
+</UL>
+<LI><A HREF="manual.html#2.6">2.6 – Coroutines</A>
+</UL>
+<P>
+<LI><A HREF="manual.html#3">3 – The Language</A>
+<UL>
+<LI><A HREF="manual.html#3.1">3.1 – Lexical Conventions</A>
+<LI><A HREF="manual.html#3.2">3.2 – Variables</A>
+<LI><A HREF="manual.html#3.3">3.3 – Statements</A>
+<UL>
+<LI><A HREF="manual.html#3.3.1">3.3.1 – Blocks</A>
+<LI><A HREF="manual.html#3.3.2">3.3.2 – Chunks</A>
+<LI><A HREF="manual.html#3.3.3">3.3.3 – Assignment</A>
+<LI><A HREF="manual.html#3.3.4">3.3.4 – Control Structures</A>
+<LI><A HREF="manual.html#3.3.5">3.3.5 – For Statement</A>
+<LI><A HREF="manual.html#3.3.6">3.3.6 – Function Calls as Statements</A>
+<LI><A HREF="manual.html#3.3.7">3.3.7 – Local Declarations</A>
+</UL>
+<LI><A HREF="manual.html#3.4">3.4 – Expressions</A>
+<UL>
+<LI><A HREF="manual.html#3.4.1">3.4.1 – Arithmetic Operators</A>
+<LI><A HREF="manual.html#3.4.2">3.4.2 – Coercion</A>
+<LI><A HREF="manual.html#3.4.3">3.4.3 – Relational Operators</A>
+<LI><A HREF="manual.html#3.4.4">3.4.4 – Logical Operators</A>
+<LI><A HREF="manual.html#3.4.5">3.4.5 – Concatenation</A>
+<LI><A HREF="manual.html#3.4.6">3.4.6 – The Length Operator</A>
+<LI><A HREF="manual.html#3.4.7">3.4.7 – Precedence</A>
+<LI><A HREF="manual.html#3.4.8">3.4.8 – Table Constructors</A>
+<LI><A HREF="manual.html#3.4.9">3.4.9 – Function Calls</A>
+<LI><A HREF="manual.html#3.4.10">3.4.10 – Function Definitions</A>
+</UL>
+<LI><A HREF="manual.html#3.5">3.5 – Visibility Rules</A>
+</UL>
+<P>
+<LI><A HREF="manual.html#4">4 – The Application Program Interface</A>
+<UL>
+<LI><A HREF="manual.html#4.1">4.1 – The Stack</A>
+<LI><A HREF="manual.html#4.2">4.2 – Stack Size</A>
+<LI><A HREF="manual.html#4.3">4.3 – Valid and Acceptable Indices</A>
+<LI><A HREF="manual.html#4.4">4.4 – C Closures</A>
+<LI><A HREF="manual.html#4.5">4.5 – Registry</A>
+<LI><A HREF="manual.html#4.6">4.6 – Error Handling in C</A>
+<LI><A HREF="manual.html#4.7">4.7 – Handling Yields in C</A>
+<LI><A HREF="manual.html#4.8">4.8 – Functions and Types</A>
+<LI><A HREF="manual.html#4.9">4.9 – The Debug Interface</A>
+</UL>
+<P>
+<LI><A HREF="manual.html#5">5 – The Auxiliary Library</A>
+<UL>
+<LI><A HREF="manual.html#5.1">5.1 – Functions and Types</A>
+</UL>
+<P>
+<LI><A HREF="manual.html#6">6 – Standard Libraries</A>
+<UL>
+<LI><A HREF="manual.html#6.1">6.1 – Basic Functions</A>
+<LI><A HREF="manual.html#6.2">6.2 – Coroutine Manipulation</A>
+<LI><A HREF="manual.html#6.3">6.3 – Modules</A>
+<LI><A HREF="manual.html#6.4">6.4 – String Manipulation</A>
+<UL>
+<LI><A HREF="manual.html#6.4.1">6.4.1 – Patterns</A>
+</UL>
+<LI><A HREF="manual.html#6.5">6.5 – Table Manipulation</A>
+<LI><A HREF="manual.html#6.6">6.6 – Mathematical Functions</A>
+<LI><A HREF="manual.html#6.7">6.7 – Bitwise Operations</A>
+<LI><A HREF="manual.html#6.8">6.8 – Input and Output Facilities</A>
+<LI><A HREF="manual.html#6.9">6.9 – Operating System Facilities</A>
+<LI><A HREF="manual.html#6.10">6.10 – The Debug Library</A>
+</UL>
+<P>
+<LI><A HREF="manual.html#7">7 – Lua Standalone</A>
+<P>
+<LI><A HREF="manual.html#8">8 – Incompatibilities with the Previous Version</A>
+<UL>
+<LI><A HREF="manual.html#8.1">8.1 – Changes in the Language</A>
+<LI><A HREF="manual.html#8.2">8.2 – Changes in the Libraries</A>
+<LI><A HREF="manual.html#8.3">8.3 – Changes in the API</A>
+</UL>
+<P>
+<LI><A HREF="manual.html#9">9 – The Complete Syntax of Lua</A>
+</UL>
+
+<H2><A NAME="index">Index</A></H2>
+<TABLE WIDTH="100%">
+<TR VALIGN="top">
+<TD>
+<H3><A NAME="functions">Lua functions</A></H3>
+<P>
+<A HREF="manual.html#pdf-_G">_G</A><BR>
+<A HREF="manual.html#pdf-_VERSION">_VERSION</A><BR>
+
+<P>
+<A HREF="manual.html#pdf-assert">assert</A><BR>
+<A HREF="manual.html#pdf-collectgarbage">collectgarbage</A><BR>
+<A HREF="manual.html#pdf-dofile">dofile</A><BR>
+<A HREF="manual.html#pdf-error">error</A><BR>
+<A HREF="manual.html#pdf-getmetatable">getmetatable</A><BR>
+<A HREF="manual.html#pdf-ipairs">ipairs</A><BR>
+<A HREF="manual.html#pdf-loadfile">loadfile</A><BR>
+<A HREF="manual.html#pdf-load">load</A><BR>
+<A HREF="manual.html#pdf-next">next</A><BR>
+<A HREF="manual.html#pdf-pairs">pairs</A><BR>
+<A HREF="manual.html#pdf-pcall">pcall</A><BR>
+<A HREF="manual.html#pdf-print">print</A><BR>
+<A HREF="manual.html#pdf-rawequal">rawequal</A><BR>
+<A HREF="manual.html#pdf-rawget">rawget</A><BR>
+<A HREF="manual.html#pdf-rawlen">rawlen</A><BR>
+<A HREF="manual.html#pdf-rawset">rawset</A><BR>
+<A HREF="manual.html#pdf-require">require</A><BR>
+<A HREF="manual.html#pdf-select">select</A><BR>
+<A HREF="manual.html#pdf-setmetatable">setmetatable</A><BR>
+<A HREF="manual.html#pdf-tonumber">tonumber</A><BR>
+<A HREF="manual.html#pdf-tostring">tostring</A><BR>
+<A HREF="manual.html#pdf-type">type</A><BR>
+<A HREF="manual.html#pdf-xpcall">xpcall</A><BR>
+
+<P>
+<A HREF="manual.html#pdf-bit32.arshift">bit32.arshift</A><BR>
+<A HREF="manual.html#pdf-bit32.band">bit32.band</A><BR>
+<A HREF="manual.html#pdf-bit32.bnot">bit32.bnot</A><BR>
+<A HREF="manual.html#pdf-bit32.bor">bit32.bor</A><BR>
+<A HREF="manual.html#pdf-bit32.btest">bit32.btest</A><BR>
+<A HREF="manual.html#pdf-bit32.bxor">bit32.bxor</A><BR>
+<A HREF="manual.html#pdf-bit32.extract">bit32.extract</A><BR>
+<A HREF="manual.html#pdf-bit32.lrotate">bit32.lrotate</A><BR>
+<A HREF="manual.html#pdf-bit32.lshift">bit32.lshift</A><BR>
+<A HREF="manual.html#pdf-bit32.replace">bit32.replace</A><BR>
+<A HREF="manual.html#pdf-bit32.rrotate">bit32.rrotate</A><BR>
+<A HREF="manual.html#pdf-bit32.rshift">bit32.rshift</A><BR>
+
+<P>
+<A HREF="manual.html#pdf-coroutine.create">coroutine.create</A><BR>
+<A HREF="manual.html#pdf-coroutine.resume">coroutine.resume</A><BR>
+<A HREF="manual.html#pdf-coroutine.running">coroutine.running</A><BR>
+<A HREF="manual.html#pdf-coroutine.status">coroutine.status</A><BR>
+<A HREF="manual.html#pdf-coroutine.wrap">coroutine.wrap</A><BR>
+<A HREF="manual.html#pdf-coroutine.yield">coroutine.yield</A><BR>
+
+<P>
+<A HREF="manual.html#pdf-debug.debug">debug.debug</A><BR>
+<A HREF="manual.html#pdf-debug.getuservalue">debug.getuservalue</A><BR>
+<A HREF="manual.html#pdf-debug.gethook">debug.gethook</A><BR>
+<A HREF="manual.html#pdf-debug.getinfo">debug.getinfo</A><BR>
+<A HREF="manual.html#pdf-debug.getlocal">debug.getlocal</A><BR>
+<A HREF="manual.html#pdf-debug.getmetatable">debug.getmetatable</A><BR>
+<A HREF="manual.html#pdf-debug.getregistry">debug.getregistry</A><BR>
+<A HREF="manual.html#pdf-debug.getupvalue">debug.getupvalue</A><BR>
+<A HREF="manual.html#pdf-debug.setuservalue">debug.setuservalue</A><BR>
+<A HREF="manual.html#pdf-debug.sethook">debug.sethook</A><BR>
+<A HREF="manual.html#pdf-debug.setlocal">debug.setlocal</A><BR>
+<A HREF="manual.html#pdf-debug.setmetatable">debug.setmetatable</A><BR>
+<A HREF="manual.html#pdf-debug.setupvalue">debug.setupvalue</A><BR>
+<A HREF="manual.html#pdf-debug.traceback">debug.traceback</A><BR>
+<A HREF="manual.html#pdf-debug.upvalueid">debug.upvalueid</A><BR>
+<A HREF="manual.html#pdf-debug.upvaluejoin">debug.upvaluejoin</A><BR>
+
+<P>
+<A HREF="manual.html#pdf-file:close">file:close</A><BR>
+<A HREF="manual.html#pdf-file:flush">file:flush</A><BR>
+<A HREF="manual.html#pdf-file:lines">file:lines</A><BR>
+<A HREF="manual.html#pdf-file:read">file:read</A><BR>
+<A HREF="manual.html#pdf-file:seek">file:seek</A><BR>
+<A HREF="manual.html#pdf-file:setvbuf">file:setvbuf</A><BR>
+<A HREF="manual.html#pdf-file:write">file:write</A><BR>
+
+<P>
+<A HREF="manual.html#pdf-io.close">io.close</A><BR>
+<A HREF="manual.html#pdf-io.flush">io.flush</A><BR>
+<A HREF="manual.html#pdf-io.input">io.input</A><BR>
+<A HREF="manual.html#pdf-io.lines">io.lines</A><BR>
+<A HREF="manual.html#pdf-io.open">io.open</A><BR>
+<A HREF="manual.html#pdf-io.output">io.output</A><BR>
+<A HREF="manual.html#pdf-io.popen">io.popen</A><BR>
+<A HREF="manual.html#pdf-io.read">io.read</A><BR>
+<A HREF="manual.html#pdf-io.stderr">io.stderr</A><BR>
+<A HREF="manual.html#pdf-io.stdin">io.stdin</A><BR>
+<A HREF="manual.html#pdf-io.stdout">io.stdout</A><BR>
+<A HREF="manual.html#pdf-io.tmpfile">io.tmpfile</A><BR>
+<A HREF="manual.html#pdf-io.type">io.type</A><BR>
+<A HREF="manual.html#pdf-io.write">io.write</A><BR>
+
+</TD>
+<TD>
+<H3> </H3>
+<P>
+<A HREF="manual.html#pdf-math.abs">math.abs</A><BR>
+<A HREF="manual.html#pdf-math.acos">math.acos</A><BR>
+<A HREF="manual.html#pdf-math.asin">math.asin</A><BR>
+<A HREF="manual.html#pdf-math.atan">math.atan</A><BR>
+<A HREF="manual.html#pdf-math.atan2">math.atan2</A><BR>
+<A HREF="manual.html#pdf-math.ceil">math.ceil</A><BR>
+<A HREF="manual.html#pdf-math.cos">math.cos</A><BR>
+<A HREF="manual.html#pdf-math.cosh">math.cosh</A><BR>
+<A HREF="manual.html#pdf-math.deg">math.deg</A><BR>
+<A HREF="manual.html#pdf-math.exp">math.exp</A><BR>
+<A HREF="manual.html#pdf-math.floor">math.floor</A><BR>
+<A HREF="manual.html#pdf-math.fmod">math.fmod</A><BR>
+<A HREF="manual.html#pdf-math.frexp">math.frexp</A><BR>
+<A HREF="manual.html#pdf-math.huge">math.huge</A><BR>
+<A HREF="manual.html#pdf-math.ldexp">math.ldexp</A><BR>
+<A HREF="manual.html#pdf-math.log">math.log</A><BR>
+<A HREF="manual.html#pdf-math.max">math.max</A><BR>
+<A HREF="manual.html#pdf-math.min">math.min</A><BR>
+<A HREF="manual.html#pdf-math.modf">math.modf</A><BR>
+<A HREF="manual.html#pdf-math.pi">math.pi</A><BR>
+<A HREF="manual.html#pdf-math.pow">math.pow</A><BR>
+<A HREF="manual.html#pdf-math.rad">math.rad</A><BR>
+<A HREF="manual.html#pdf-math.random">math.random</A><BR>
+<A HREF="manual.html#pdf-math.randomseed">math.randomseed</A><BR>
+<A HREF="manual.html#pdf-math.sin">math.sin</A><BR>
+<A HREF="manual.html#pdf-math.sinh">math.sinh</A><BR>
+<A HREF="manual.html#pdf-math.sqrt">math.sqrt</A><BR>
+<A HREF="manual.html#pdf-math.tan">math.tan</A><BR>
+<A HREF="manual.html#pdf-math.tanh">math.tanh</A><BR>
+
+<P>
+<A HREF="manual.html#pdf-os.clock">os.clock</A><BR>
+<A HREF="manual.html#pdf-os.date">os.date</A><BR>
+<A HREF="manual.html#pdf-os.difftime">os.difftime</A><BR>
+<A HREF="manual.html#pdf-os.execute">os.execute</A><BR>
+<A HREF="manual.html#pdf-os.exit">os.exit</A><BR>
+<A HREF="manual.html#pdf-os.getenv">os.getenv</A><BR>
+<A HREF="manual.html#pdf-os.remove">os.remove</A><BR>
+<A HREF="manual.html#pdf-os.rename">os.rename</A><BR>
+<A HREF="manual.html#pdf-os.setlocale">os.setlocale</A><BR>
+<A HREF="manual.html#pdf-os.time">os.time</A><BR>
+<A HREF="manual.html#pdf-os.tmpname">os.tmpname</A><BR>
+
+<P>
+<A HREF="manual.html#pdf-package.config">package.config</A><BR>
+<A HREF="manual.html#pdf-package.cpath">package.cpath</A><BR>
+<A HREF="manual.html#pdf-package.loaded">package.loaded</A><BR>
+<A HREF="manual.html#pdf-package.loadlib">package.loadlib</A><BR>
+<A HREF="manual.html#pdf-package.path">package.path</A><BR>
+<A HREF="manual.html#pdf-package.preload">package.preload</A><BR>
+<A HREF="manual.html#pdf-package.searchers">package.searchers</A><BR>
+<A HREF="manual.html#pdf-package.searchpath">package.searchpath</A><BR>
+
+<P>
+<A HREF="manual.html#pdf-string.byte">string.byte</A><BR>
+<A HREF="manual.html#pdf-string.char">string.char</A><BR>
+<A HREF="manual.html#pdf-string.dump">string.dump</A><BR>
+<A HREF="manual.html#pdf-string.find">string.find</A><BR>
+<A HREF="manual.html#pdf-string.format">string.format</A><BR>
+<A HREF="manual.html#pdf-string.gmatch">string.gmatch</A><BR>
+<A HREF="manual.html#pdf-string.gsub">string.gsub</A><BR>
+<A HREF="manual.html#pdf-string.len">string.len</A><BR>
+<A HREF="manual.html#pdf-string.lower">string.lower</A><BR>
+<A HREF="manual.html#pdf-string.match">string.match</A><BR>
+<A HREF="manual.html#pdf-string.rep">string.rep</A><BR>
+<A HREF="manual.html#pdf-string.reverse">string.reverse</A><BR>
+<A HREF="manual.html#pdf-string.sub">string.sub</A><BR>
+<A HREF="manual.html#pdf-string.upper">string.upper</A><BR>
+
+<P>
+<A HREF="manual.html#pdf-table.concat">table.concat</A><BR>
+<A HREF="manual.html#pdf-table.insert">table.insert</A><BR>
+<A HREF="manual.html#pdf-table.pack">table.pack</A><BR>
+<A HREF="manual.html#pdf-table.remove">table.remove</A><BR>
+<A HREF="manual.html#pdf-table.sort">table.sort</A><BR>
+<A HREF="manual.html#pdf-table.unpack">table.unpack</A><BR>
+
+</TD>
+<TD>
+<H3>C API</H3>
+<P>
+<A HREF="manual.html#lua_Alloc">lua_Alloc</A><BR>
+<A HREF="manual.html#lua_CFunction">lua_CFunction</A><BR>
+<A HREF="manual.html#lua_Debug">lua_Debug</A><BR>
+<A HREF="manual.html#lua_Hook">lua_Hook</A><BR>
+<A HREF="manual.html#lua_Integer">lua_Integer</A><BR>
+<A HREF="manual.html#lua_Number">lua_Number</A><BR>
+<A HREF="manual.html#lua_Reader">lua_Reader</A><BR>
+<A HREF="manual.html#lua_State">lua_State</A><BR>
+<A HREF="manual.html#lua_Unsigned">lua_Unsigned</A><BR>
+<A HREF="manual.html#lua_Writer">lua_Writer</A><BR>
+
+<P>
+<A HREF="manual.html#lua_absindex">lua_absindex</A><BR>
+<A HREF="manual.html#lua_arith">lua_arith</A><BR>
+<A HREF="manual.html#lua_atpanic">lua_atpanic</A><BR>
+<A HREF="manual.html#lua_call">lua_call</A><BR>
+<A HREF="manual.html#lua_callk">lua_callk</A><BR>
+<A HREF="manual.html#lua_checkstack">lua_checkstack</A><BR>
+<A HREF="manual.html#lua_close">lua_close</A><BR>
+<A HREF="manual.html#lua_compare">lua_compare</A><BR>
+<A HREF="manual.html#lua_concat">lua_concat</A><BR>
+<A HREF="manual.html#lua_copy">lua_copy</A><BR>
+<A HREF="manual.html#lua_createtable">lua_createtable</A><BR>
+<A HREF="manual.html#lua_dump">lua_dump</A><BR>
+<A HREF="manual.html#lua_error">lua_error</A><BR>
+<A HREF="manual.html#lua_gc">lua_gc</A><BR>
+<A HREF="manual.html#lua_getallocf">lua_getallocf</A><BR>
+<A HREF="manual.html#lua_getctx">lua_getctx</A><BR>
+<A HREF="manual.html#lua_getfield">lua_getfield</A><BR>
+<A HREF="manual.html#lua_getglobal">lua_getglobal</A><BR>
+<A HREF="manual.html#lua_gethook">lua_gethook</A><BR>
+<A HREF="manual.html#lua_gethookcount">lua_gethookcount</A><BR>
+<A HREF="manual.html#lua_gethookmask">lua_gethookmask</A><BR>
+<A HREF="manual.html#lua_getinfo">lua_getinfo</A><BR>
+<A HREF="manual.html#lua_getlocal">lua_getlocal</A><BR>
+<A HREF="manual.html#lua_getmetatable">lua_getmetatable</A><BR>
+<A HREF="manual.html#lua_getstack">lua_getstack</A><BR>
+<A HREF="manual.html#lua_gettable">lua_gettable</A><BR>
+<A HREF="manual.html#lua_gettop">lua_gettop</A><BR>
+<A HREF="manual.html#lua_getupvalue">lua_getupvalue</A><BR>
+<A HREF="manual.html#lua_getuservalue">lua_getuservalue</A><BR>
+<A HREF="manual.html#lua_insert">lua_insert</A><BR>
+<A HREF="manual.html#lua_isboolean">lua_isboolean</A><BR>
+<A HREF="manual.html#lua_iscfunction">lua_iscfunction</A><BR>
+<A HREF="manual.html#lua_isfunction">lua_isfunction</A><BR>
+<A HREF="manual.html#lua_islightuserdata">lua_islightuserdata</A><BR>
+<A HREF="manual.html#lua_isnil">lua_isnil</A><BR>
+<A HREF="manual.html#lua_isnone">lua_isnone</A><BR>
+<A HREF="manual.html#lua_isnoneornil">lua_isnoneornil</A><BR>
+<A HREF="manual.html#lua_isnumber">lua_isnumber</A><BR>
+<A HREF="manual.html#lua_isstring">lua_isstring</A><BR>
+<A HREF="manual.html#lua_istable">lua_istable</A><BR>
+<A HREF="manual.html#lua_isthread">lua_isthread</A><BR>
+<A HREF="manual.html#lua_isuserdata">lua_isuserdata</A><BR>
+<A HREF="manual.html#lua_len">lua_len</A><BR>
+<A HREF="manual.html#lua_load">lua_load</A><BR>
+<A HREF="manual.html#lua_newstate">lua_newstate</A><BR>
+<A HREF="manual.html#lua_newtable">lua_newtable</A><BR>
+<A HREF="manual.html#lua_newthread">lua_newthread</A><BR>
+<A HREF="manual.html#lua_newuserdata">lua_newuserdata</A><BR>
+<A HREF="manual.html#lua_next">lua_next</A><BR>
+<A HREF="manual.html#lua_pcall">lua_pcall</A><BR>
+<A HREF="manual.html#lua_pcallk">lua_pcallk</A><BR>
+<A HREF="manual.html#lua_pop">lua_pop</A><BR>
+<A HREF="manual.html#lua_pushboolean">lua_pushboolean</A><BR>
+<A HREF="manual.html#lua_pushcclosure">lua_pushcclosure</A><BR>
+<A HREF="manual.html#lua_pushcfunction">lua_pushcfunction</A><BR>
+<A HREF="manual.html#lua_pushfstring">lua_pushfstring</A><BR>
+<A HREF="manual.html#lua_pushinteger">lua_pushinteger</A><BR>
+<A HREF="manual.html#lua_pushlightuserdata">lua_pushlightuserdata</A><BR>
+<A HREF="manual.html#lua_pushliteral">lua_pushliteral</A><BR>
+<A HREF="manual.html#lua_pushlstring">lua_pushlstring</A><BR>
+<A HREF="manual.html#lua_pushnil">lua_pushnil</A><BR>
+<A HREF="manual.html#lua_pushnumber">lua_pushnumber</A><BR>
+<A HREF="manual.html#lua_pushstring">lua_pushstring</A><BR>
+<A HREF="manual.html#lua_pushthread">lua_pushthread</A><BR>
+<A HREF="manual.html#lua_pushvalue">lua_pushvalue</A><BR>
+<A HREF="manual.html#lua_pushvfstring">lua_pushvfstring</A><BR>
+<A HREF="manual.html#lua_rawequal">lua_rawequal</A><BR>
+<A HREF="manual.html#lua_rawget">lua_rawget</A><BR>
+<A HREF="manual.html#lua_rawgeti">lua_rawgeti</A><BR>
+<A HREF="manual.html#lua_rawlen">lua_rawlen</A><BR>
+<A HREF="manual.html#lua_rawset">lua_rawset</A><BR>
+<A HREF="manual.html#lua_rawseti">lua_rawseti</A><BR>
+<A HREF="manual.html#lua_rawgetp">lua_rawgetp</A><BR>
+<A HREF="manual.html#lua_rawsetp">lua_rawsetp</A><BR>
+<A HREF="manual.html#lua_register">lua_register</A><BR>
+<A HREF="manual.html#lua_remove">lua_remove</A><BR>
+<A HREF="manual.html#lua_replace">lua_replace</A><BR>
+<A HREF="manual.html#lua_resume">lua_resume</A><BR>
+<A HREF="manual.html#lua_setallocf">lua_setallocf</A><BR>
+<A HREF="manual.html#lua_setfield">lua_setfield</A><BR>
+<A HREF="manual.html#lua_setglobal">lua_setglobal</A><BR>
+<A HREF="manual.html#lua_sethook">lua_sethook</A><BR>
+<A HREF="manual.html#lua_setlocal">lua_setlocal</A><BR>
+<A HREF="manual.html#lua_setmetatable">lua_setmetatable</A><BR>
+<A HREF="manual.html#lua_settable">lua_settable</A><BR>
+<A HREF="manual.html#lua_settop">lua_settop</A><BR>
+<A HREF="manual.html#lua_setupvalue">lua_setupvalue</A><BR>
+<A HREF="manual.html#lua_setuservalue">lua_setuservalue</A><BR>
+<A HREF="manual.html#lua_status">lua_status</A><BR>
+<A HREF="manual.html#lua_toboolean">lua_toboolean</A><BR>
+<A HREF="manual.html#lua_tocfunction">lua_tocfunction</A><BR>
+<A HREF="manual.html#lua_tointeger">lua_tointeger</A><BR>
+<A HREF="manual.html#lua_tointegerx">lua_tointegerx</A><BR>
+<A HREF="manual.html#lua_tolstring">lua_tolstring</A><BR>
+<A HREF="manual.html#lua_tonumber">lua_tonumber</A><BR>
+<A HREF="manual.html#lua_tonumberx">lua_tonumberx</A><BR>
+<A HREF="manual.html#lua_topointer">lua_topointer</A><BR>
+<A HREF="manual.html#lua_tostring">lua_tostring</A><BR>
+<A HREF="manual.html#lua_tothread">lua_tothread</A><BR>
+<A HREF="manual.html#lua_tounsigned">lua_tounsigned</A><BR>
+<A HREF="manual.html#lua_tounsignedx">lua_tounsignedx</A><BR>
+<A HREF="manual.html#lua_touserdata">lua_touserdata</A><BR>
+<A HREF="manual.html#lua_type">lua_type</A><BR>
+<A HREF="manual.html#lua_typename">lua_typename</A><BR>
+<A HREF="manual.html#lua_upvalueid">lua_upvalueid</A><BR>
+<A HREF="manual.html#lua_upvalueindex">lua_upvalueindex</A><BR>
+<A HREF="manual.html#lua_upvaluejoin">lua_upvaluejoin</A><BR>
+<A HREF="manual.html#lua_version">lua_version</A><BR>
+<A HREF="manual.html#lua_xmove">lua_xmove</A><BR>
+<A HREF="manual.html#lua_yield">lua_yield</A><BR>
+<A HREF="manual.html#lua_yieldk">lua_yieldk</A><BR>
+
+</TD>
+<TD>
+<H3>auxiliary library</H3>
+<P>
+<A HREF="manual.html#luaL_Buffer">luaL_Buffer</A><BR>
+<A HREF="manual.html#luaL_Reg">luaL_Reg</A><BR>
+
+<P>
+<A HREF="manual.html#luaL_addchar">luaL_addchar</A><BR>
+<A HREF="manual.html#luaL_addlstring">luaL_addlstring</A><BR>
+<A HREF="manual.html#luaL_addsize">luaL_addsize</A><BR>
+<A HREF="manual.html#luaL_addstring">luaL_addstring</A><BR>
+<A HREF="manual.html#luaL_addvalue">luaL_addvalue</A><BR>
+<A HREF="manual.html#luaL_argcheck">luaL_argcheck</A><BR>
+<A HREF="manual.html#luaL_argerror">luaL_argerror</A><BR>
+<A HREF="manual.html#luaL_buffinit">luaL_buffinit</A><BR>
+<A HREF="manual.html#luaL_buffinitsize">luaL_buffinitsize</A><BR>
+<A HREF="manual.html#luaL_callmeta">luaL_callmeta</A><BR>
+<A HREF="manual.html#luaL_checkany">luaL_checkany</A><BR>
+<A HREF="manual.html#luaL_checkinteger">luaL_checkinteger</A><BR>
+<A HREF="manual.html#luaL_checkint">luaL_checkint</A><BR>
+<A HREF="manual.html#luaL_checklong">luaL_checklong</A><BR>
+<A HREF="manual.html#luaL_checklstring">luaL_checklstring</A><BR>
+<A HREF="manual.html#luaL_checknumber">luaL_checknumber</A><BR>
+<A HREF="manual.html#luaL_checkoption">luaL_checkoption</A><BR>
+<A HREF="manual.html#luaL_checkstack">luaL_checkstack</A><BR>
+<A HREF="manual.html#luaL_checkstring">luaL_checkstring</A><BR>
+<A HREF="manual.html#luaL_checktype">luaL_checktype</A><BR>
+<A HREF="manual.html#luaL_checkudata">luaL_checkudata</A><BR>
+<A HREF="manual.html#luaL_checkunsigned">luaL_checkunsigned</A><BR>
+<A HREF="manual.html#luaL_checkversion">luaL_checkversion</A><BR>
+<A HREF="manual.html#luaL_dofile">luaL_dofile</A><BR>
+<A HREF="manual.html#luaL_dostring">luaL_dostring</A><BR>
+<A HREF="manual.html#luaL_error">luaL_error</A><BR>
+<A HREF="manual.html#luaL_execresult">luaL_execresult</A><BR>
+<A HREF="manual.html#luaL_fileresult">luaL_fileresult</A><BR>
+<A HREF="manual.html#luaL_getmetafield">luaL_getmetafield</A><BR>
+<A HREF="manual.html#luaL_getmetatable">luaL_getmetatable</A><BR>
+<A HREF="manual.html#luaL_getsubtable">luaL_getsubtable</A><BR>
+<A HREF="manual.html#luaL_gsub">luaL_gsub</A><BR>
+<A HREF="manual.html#luaL_len">luaL_len</A><BR>
+<A HREF="manual.html#luaL_loadbuffer">luaL_loadbuffer</A><BR>
+<A HREF="manual.html#luaL_loadbufferx">luaL_loadbufferx</A><BR>
+<A HREF="manual.html#luaL_loadfile">luaL_loadfile</A><BR>
+<A HREF="manual.html#luaL_loadfilex">luaL_loadfilex</A><BR>
+<A HREF="manual.html#luaL_loadstring">luaL_loadstring</A><BR>
+<A HREF="manual.html#luaL_newlib">luaL_newlib</A><BR>
+<A HREF="manual.html#luaL_newlibtable">luaL_newlibtable</A><BR>
+<A HREF="manual.html#luaL_newmetatable">luaL_newmetatable</A><BR>
+<A HREF="manual.html#luaL_newstate">luaL_newstate</A><BR>
+<A HREF="manual.html#luaL_openlibs">luaL_openlibs</A><BR>
+<A HREF="manual.html#luaL_optinteger">luaL_optinteger</A><BR>
+<A HREF="manual.html#luaL_optint">luaL_optint</A><BR>
+<A HREF="manual.html#luaL_optlong">luaL_optlong</A><BR>
+<A HREF="manual.html#luaL_optlstring">luaL_optlstring</A><BR>
+<A HREF="manual.html#luaL_optnumber">luaL_optnumber</A><BR>
+<A HREF="manual.html#luaL_optstring">luaL_optstring</A><BR>
+<A HREF="manual.html#luaL_optunsigned">luaL_optunsigned</A><BR>
+<A HREF="manual.html#luaL_prepbuffer">luaL_prepbuffer</A><BR>
+<A HREF="manual.html#luaL_prepbuffsize">luaL_prepbuffsize</A><BR>
+<A HREF="manual.html#luaL_pushresult">luaL_pushresult</A><BR>
+<A HREF="manual.html#luaL_pushresultsize">luaL_pushresultsize</A><BR>
+<A HREF="manual.html#luaL_ref">luaL_ref</A><BR>
+<A HREF="manual.html#luaL_requiref">luaL_requiref</A><BR>
+<A HREF="manual.html#luaL_setfuncs">luaL_setfuncs</A><BR>
+<A HREF="manual.html#luaL_setmetatable">luaL_setmetatable</A><BR>
+<A HREF="manual.html#luaL_testudata">luaL_testudata</A><BR>
+<A HREF="manual.html#luaL_tolstring">luaL_tolstring</A><BR>
+<A HREF="manual.html#luaL_traceback">luaL_traceback</A><BR>
+<A HREF="manual.html#luaL_typename">luaL_typename</A><BR>
+<A HREF="manual.html#luaL_unref">luaL_unref</A><BR>
+<A HREF="manual.html#luaL_where">luaL_where</A><BR>
+
+</TD>
+</TR>
+</TABLE>
+
+<HR>
+<SMALL CLASS="footer">
+Last update:
+Tue Nov 29 22:30:23 BRST 2011
+</SMALL>
+<!--
+Last change: revised for Lua 5.2.0
+-->
+
+</BODY>
+</HTML>
--- /dev/null
+.\" $Id: lua.man,v 1.13 2011/11/16 17:16:53 lhf Exp $
+.TH LUA 1 "$Date: 2011/11/16 17:16:53 $"
+.SH NAME
+lua \- Lua interpreter
+.SH SYNOPSIS
+.B lua
+[
+.I options
+]
+[
+.I script
+[
+.I args
+]
+]
+.SH DESCRIPTION
+.B lua
+is the standalone Lua interpreter.
+It loads and executes Lua programs,
+either in textual source form or
+in precompiled binary form.
+(Precompiled binaries are output by
+.BR luac ,
+the Lua compiler.)
+.B lua
+can be used as a batch interpreter and also interactively.
+.LP
+The given
+.I options
+are handled in order and then
+the Lua program in file
+.I script
+is loaded and executed.
+The given
+.I args
+are available to
+.I script
+as strings in a global table named
+.BR arg .
+If no options or arguments are given,
+then
+.B "\-v \-i"
+is assumed when the standard input is a terminal;
+otherwise,
+.B "\-"
+is assumed.
+.LP
+In interactive mode,
+.B lua
+prompts the user,
+reads lines from the standard input,
+and executes them as they are read.
+If a line does not contain a complete statement,
+then a secondary prompt is displayed and
+lines are read until a complete statement is formed or
+a syntax error is found.
+If a line starts with
+.BR '=' ,
+then
+.B lua
+evaluates and displays
+the values of the expressions in the remainder of the line.
+.LP
+At the very start,
+before even handling the command line,
+.B lua
+checks the contents of the environment variables
+.B LUA_INIT_5_2
+or
+.BR LUA_INIT ,
+in that order.
+If the contents is of the form
+.RI '@ filename ',
+then
+.I filename
+is executed.
+Otherwise, the string is assumed to be a Lua statement and is executed.
+.SH OPTIONS
+.TP
+.BI \-e " stat"
+execute statement
+.IR stat .
+.TP
+.B \-i
+enter interactive mode after executing
+.IR script .
+.TP
+.BI \-l " name"
+execute the equivalent of
+.IB name =require(' name ')
+before executing
+.IR script .
+.TP
+.B \-v
+show version information.
+.TP
+.B \-E
+ignore environment variables.
+.TP
+.B \-\-
+stop handling options.
+.TP
+.B \-
+stop handling options and execute the standard input as a file.
+.SH "SEE ALSO"
+.BR luac (1)
+.br
+The documentation at lua.org,
+especially section 7 of the reference manual.
+.SH DIAGNOSTICS
+Error messages should be self explanatory.
+.SH AUTHORS
+R. Ierusalimschy,
+L. H. de Figueiredo,
+W. Celes
+.\" EOF
--- /dev/null
+body {
+ color: #000000 ;
+ background-color: #FFFFFF ;
+ font-family: Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif ;
+ text-align: justify ;
+ margin-right: 20px ;
+ margin-left: 20px ;
+}
+
+h1, h2, h3, h4 {
+ font-family: Verdana, Geneva, sans-serif ;
+ font-weight: normal ;
+ font-style: italic ;
+}
+
+h2 {
+ padding-top: 0.4em ;
+ padding-bottom: 0.4em ;
+ padding-left: 20px ;
+ padding-right: 20px ;
+ margin-left: -20px ;
+ background-color: #E0E0FF ;
+}
+
+h3 {
+ padding-left: 0.5em ;
+ border-left: solid #E0E0FF 1em ;
+}
+
+table h3 {
+ padding-left: 0px ;
+ border-left: none ;
+}
+
+a:link {
+ color: #000080 ;
+ background-color: inherit ;
+ text-decoration: none ;
+}
+
+a:visited {
+ background-color: inherit ;
+ text-decoration: none ;
+}
+
+a:link:hover, a:visited:hover {
+ color: #000080 ;
+ background-color: #E0E0FF ;
+}
+
+a:link:active, a:visited:active {
+ color: #FF0000 ;
+}
+
+hr {
+ border: 0 ;
+ height: 1px ;
+ color: #a0a0a0 ;
+ background-color: #a0a0a0 ;
+}
+
+:target {
+ background-color: #F8F8F8 ;
+ padding: 8px ;
+ border: solid #a0a0a0 2px ;
+}
+
+.footer {
+ color: gray ;
+ font-size: small ;
+}
+
+input[type=text] {
+ border: solid #a0a0a0 2px ;
+ border-radius: 2em ;
+ -moz-border-radius: 2em ;
+ background-image: url('images/search.png') ;
+ background-repeat: no-repeat;
+ background-position: 4px center ;
+ padding-left: 20px ;
+ height: 2em ;
+}
+
--- /dev/null
+.\" $Id: luac.man,v 1.29 2011/11/16 13:53:40 lhf Exp $
+.TH LUAC 1 "$Date: 2011/11/16 13:53:40 $"
+.SH NAME
+luac \- Lua compiler
+.SH SYNOPSIS
+.B luac
+[
+.I options
+] [
+.I filenames
+]
+.SH DESCRIPTION
+.B luac
+is the Lua compiler.
+It translates programs written in the Lua programming language
+into binary files containing precompiled chunks
+that can be later loaded and executed.
+.LP
+The main advantages of precompiling chunks are:
+faster loading,
+protecting source code from accidental user changes,
+and
+off-line syntax checking.
+Precompiling does not imply faster execution
+because in Lua chunks are always compiled into bytecodes before being executed.
+.B luac
+simply allows those bytecodes to be saved in a file for later execution.
+Precompiled chunks are not necessarily smaller than the corresponding source.
+The main goal in precompiling is faster loading.
+.LP
+In the command line,
+you can mix
+text files containing Lua source and
+binary files containing precompiled chunks.
+.B luac
+produces a single output file containing the combined bytecodes
+for all files given.
+Executing the combined file is equivalent to executing the given files.
+By default,
+the output file is named
+.BR luac.out ,
+but you can change this with the
+.B \-o
+option.
+.LP
+Precompiled chunks are
+.I not
+portable across different architectures.
+Moreover,
+the internal format of precompiled chunks
+is likely to change when a new version of Lua is released.
+Make sure you save the source files of all Lua programs that you precompile.
+.LP
+.SH OPTIONS
+.TP
+.B \-l
+produce a listing of the compiled bytecode for Lua's virtual machine.
+Listing bytecodes is useful to learn about Lua's virtual machine.
+If no files are given, then
+.B luac
+loads
+.B luac.out
+and lists its contents.
+Use
+.B \-l \-l
+for a full listing.
+.TP
+.BI \-o " file"
+output to
+.IR file ,
+instead of the default
+.BR luac.out .
+(You can use
+.B "'\-'"
+for standard output,
+but not on platforms that open standard output in text mode.)
+The output file may be one of the given files because
+all files are loaded before the output file is written.
+Be careful not to overwrite precious files.
+.TP
+.B \-p
+load files but do not generate any output file.
+Used mainly for syntax checking and for testing precompiled chunks:
+corrupted files will probably generate errors when loaded.
+If no files are given, then
+.B luac
+loads
+.B luac.out
+and tests its contents.
+No messages are displayed if the file loads without errors.
+.TP
+.B \-s
+strip debug information before writing the output file.
+This saves some space in very large chunks,
+but if errors occur when running a stripped chunk,
+then the error messages may not contain the full information they usually do.
+In particular,
+line numbers and names of local variables are lost.
+.TP
+.B \-v
+show version information.
+.TP
+.B \-\-
+stop handling options.
+.TP
+.B \-
+stop handling options and process standard input.
+.SH "SEE ALSO"
+.BR lua (1)
+.br
+The documentation at lua.org.
+.SH DIAGNOSTICS
+Error messages should be self explanatory.
+.SH AUTHORS
+R. Ierusalimschy,
+L. H. de Figueiredo,
+W. Celes
+.\" EOF
--- /dev/null
+h3 code {
+ font-family: inherit ;
+ font-size: inherit ;
+}
+
+pre, code {
+ font-size: 12pt ;
+}
+
+span.apii {
+ float: right ;
+ font-family: inherit ;
+ font-style: normal ;
+ font-size: small ;
+ color: gray ;
+}
+
+p+h1, ul+h1 {
+ padding-top: 0.4em ;
+ padding-bottom: 0.4em ;
+ padding-left: 20px ;
+ margin-left: -20px ;
+ background-color: #E0E0FF ;
+}
--- /dev/null
+<!DOCTYPE HTML PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD HTML 4.01 Transitional//EN">
+<html>
+
+<head>
+<title>Lua 5.2 Reference Manual</title>
+<link rel="stylesheet" type="text/css" href="lua.css">
+<link rel="stylesheet" type="text/css" href="manual.css">
+<META HTTP-EQUIV="content-type" CONTENT="text/html; charset=iso-8859-1">
+</head>
+
+<body>
+
+<hr>
+<h1>
+<a href="http://www.lua.org/"><img src="logo.gif" alt="" border="0"></a>
+Lua 5.2 Reference Manual
+</h1>
+
+by Roberto Ierusalimschy, Luiz Henrique de Figueiredo, Waldemar Celes
+<p>
+<small>
+Copyright © 2011 Lua.org, PUC-Rio.
+Freely available under the terms of the
+<a href="http://www.lua.org/license.html#5">Lua license</a>.
+</small>
+<hr>
+<p>
+
+<a href="contents.html#contents">contents</A>
+·
+<a href="contents.html#index">index</A>
+
+<!-- ====================================================================== -->
+<p>
+
+<!-- $Id: manual.of,v 1.94 2011/12/12 15:26:26 roberto Exp $ -->
+
+
+
+
+<h1>1 – <a name="1">Introduction</a></h1>
+
+<p>
+Lua is an extension programming language designed to support
+general procedural programming with data description
+facilities.
+It also offers good support for object-oriented programming,
+functional programming, and data-driven programming.
+Lua is intended to be used as a powerful, lightweight,
+embeddable scripting language for any program that needs one.
+Lua is implemented as a library, written in <em>clean C</em>,
+the common subset of Standard C and C++.
+
+
+<p>
+Being an extension language, Lua has no notion of a "main" program:
+it only works <em>embedded</em> in a host client,
+called the <em>embedding program</em> or simply the <em>host</em>.
+The host program can invoke functions to execute a piece of Lua code,
+can write and read Lua variables,
+and can register C functions to be called by Lua code.
+Through the use of C functions, Lua can be augmented to cope with
+a wide range of different domains,
+thus creating customized programming languages sharing a syntactical framework.
+The Lua distribution includes a sample host program called <code>lua</code>,
+which uses the Lua library to offer a complete, standalone Lua interpreter,
+for interactive or batch use.
+
+
+<p>
+Lua is free software,
+and is provided as usual with no guarantees,
+as stated in its license.
+The implementation described in this manual is available
+at Lua's official web site, <code>www.lua.org</code>.
+
+
+<p>
+Like any other reference manual,
+this document is dry in places.
+For a discussion of the decisions behind the design of Lua,
+see the technical papers available at Lua's web site.
+For a detailed introduction to programming in Lua,
+see Roberto's book, <em>Programming in Lua</em>.
+
+
+
+<h1>2 – <a name="2">Basic Concepts</a></h1>
+
+<p>
+This section describes the basic concepts of the language.
+
+
+
+<h2>2.1 – <a name="2.1">Values and Types</a></h2>
+
+<p>
+Lua is a <em>dynamically typed language</em>.
+This means that
+variables do not have types; only values do.
+There are no type definitions in the language.
+All values carry their own type.
+
+
+<p>
+All values in Lua are <em>first-class values</em>.
+This means that all values can be stored in variables,
+passed as arguments to other functions, and returned as results.
+
+
+<p>
+There are eight basic types in Lua:
+<em>nil</em>, <em>boolean</em>, <em>number</em>,
+<em>string</em>, <em>function</em>, <em>userdata</em>,
+<em>thread</em>, and <em>table</em>.
+<em>Nil</em> is the type of the value <b>nil</b>,
+whose main property is to be different from any other value;
+it usually represents the absence of a useful value.
+<em>Boolean</em> is the type of the values <b>false</b> and <b>true</b>.
+Both <b>nil</b> and <b>false</b> make a condition false;
+any other value makes it true.
+<em>Number</em> represents real (double-precision floating-point) numbers.
+Operations on numbers follow the same rules of
+the underlying C implementation,
+which, in turn, usually follows the IEEE 754 standard.
+(It is easy to build Lua interpreters that use other
+internal representations for numbers,
+such as single-precision floats or long integers;
+see file <code>luaconf.h</code>.)
+<em>String</em> represents immutable sequences of bytes.
+
+Lua is 8-bit clean:
+strings can contain any 8-bit value,
+including embedded zeros ('<code>\0</code>').
+
+
+<p>
+Lua can call (and manipulate) functions written in Lua and
+functions written in C
+(see <a href="#3.4.9">§3.4.9</a>).
+
+
+<p>
+The type <em>userdata</em> is provided to allow arbitrary C data to
+be stored in Lua variables.
+A userdata value is a pointer to a block of raw memory.
+There are two kinds of userdata:
+full userdata, where the block of memory is managed by Lua,
+and light userdata, where the block of memory is managed by the host.
+Userdata has no predefined operations in Lua,
+except assignment and identity test.
+By using <em>metatables</em>,
+the programmer can define operations for full userdata values
+(see <a href="#2.4">§2.4</a>).
+Userdata values cannot be created or modified in Lua,
+only through the C API.
+This guarantees the integrity of data owned by the host program.
+
+
+<p>
+The type <em>thread</em> represents independent threads of execution
+and it is used to implement coroutines (see <a href="#2.6">§2.6</a>).
+Do not confuse Lua threads with operating-system threads.
+Lua supports coroutines on all systems,
+even those that do not support threads.
+
+
+<p>
+The type <em>table</em> implements associative arrays,
+that is, arrays that can be indexed not only with numbers,
+but with any Lua value except <b>nil</b> and NaN
+(<em>Not a Number</em>, a special numeric value used to represent
+undefined or unrepresentable results, such as <code>0/0</code>).
+Tables can be <em>heterogeneous</em>;
+that is, they can contain values of all types (except <b>nil</b>).
+Any key with value <b>nil</b> is not considered part of the table.
+Conversely, any key that is not part of a table has
+an associated value <b>nil</b>.
+
+
+<p>
+Tables are the sole data structuring mechanism in Lua;
+they can be used to represent ordinary arrays, sequences,
+symbol tables, sets, records, graphs, trees, etc.
+To represent records, Lua uses the field name as an index.
+The language supports this representation by
+providing <code>a.name</code> as syntactic sugar for <code>a["name"]</code>.
+There are several convenient ways to create tables in Lua
+(see <a href="#3.4.8">§3.4.8</a>).
+
+
+<p>
+We use the term <em>sequence</em> to denote a table where
+the set of all positive numeric keys is equal to <em>{1..n}</em>
+for some integer <em>n</em>,
+which is called the length of the sequence (see <a href="#3.4.6">§3.4.6</a>).
+
+
+<p>
+Like indices,
+the values of table fields can be of any type.
+In particular,
+because functions are first-class values,
+table fields can contain functions.
+Thus tables can also carry <em>methods</em> (see <a href="#3.4.10">§3.4.10</a>).
+
+
+<p>
+The indexing of tables follows
+the definition of raw equality in the language.
+The expressions <code>a[i]</code> and <code>a[j]</code>
+denote the same table element
+if and only if <code>i</code> and <code>j</code> are raw equal
+(that is, equal without metamethods).
+
+
+<p>
+Tables, functions, threads, and (full) userdata values are <em>objects</em>:
+variables do not actually <em>contain</em> these values,
+only <em>references</em> to them.
+Assignment, parameter passing, and function returns
+always manipulate references to such values;
+these operations do not imply any kind of copy.
+
+
+<p>
+The library function <a href="#pdf-type"><code>type</code></a> returns a string describing the type
+of a given value (see <a href="#6.1">§6.1</a>).
+
+
+
+
+
+<h2>2.2 – <a name="2.2">Environments and the Global Environment</a></h2>
+
+<p>
+As will be discussed in <a href="#3.2">§3.2</a> and <a href="#3.3.3">§3.3.3</a>,
+any reference to a global name <code>var</code> is syntactically translated
+to <code>_ENV.var</code>.
+Moreover, every chunk is compiled in the scope of
+an external local variable called <code>_ENV</code> (see <a href="#3.3.2">§3.3.2</a>),
+so <code>_ENV</code> itself is never a global name in a chunk.
+
+
+<p>
+Despite the existence of this external <code>_ENV</code> variable and
+the translation of global names,
+<code>_ENV</code> is a completely regular name.
+In particular,
+you can define new variables and parameters with that name.
+Each reference to a global name uses the <code>_ENV</code> that is
+visible at that point in the program,
+following the usual visibility rules of Lua (see <a href="#3.5">§3.5</a>).
+
+
+<p>
+Any table used as the value of <code>_ENV</code> is called an <em>environment</em>.
+
+
+<p>
+Lua keeps a distinguished environment called the <em>global environment</em>.
+This value is kept at a special index in the C registry (see <a href="#4.5">§4.5</a>).
+In Lua, the variable <a href="#pdf-_G"><code>_G</code></a> is initialized with this same value.
+
+
+<p>
+When Lua compiles a chunk,
+it initializes the value of its <code>_ENV</code> upvalue
+with the global environment (see <a href="#pdf-load"><code>load</code></a>).
+Therefore, by default,
+global variables in Lua code refer to entries in the global environment.
+Moreover, all standard libraries are loaded in the global environment
+and several functions there operate on that environment.
+You can use <a href="#pdf-load"><code>load</code></a> (or <a href="#pdf-loadfile"><code>loadfile</code></a>)
+to load a chunk with a different environment.
+(In C, you have to load the chunk and then change the value
+of its first upvalue.)
+
+
+<p>
+If you change the global environment in the registry
+(through C code or the debug library),
+all chunks loaded after the change will get the new environment.
+Previously loaded chunks are not affected, however,
+as each has its own reference to the environment in its <code>_ENV</code> variable.
+Moreover, the variable <a href="#pdf-_G"><code>_G</code></a>
+(which is stored in the original global environment)
+is never updated by Lua.
+
+
+
+
+
+<h2>2.3 – <a name="2.3">Error Handling</a></h2>
+
+<p>
+Because Lua is an embedded extension language,
+all Lua actions start from C code in the host program
+calling a function from the Lua library (see <a href="#lua_pcall"><code>lua_pcall</code></a>).
+Whenever an error occurs during
+the compilation or execution of a Lua chunk,
+control returns to the host,
+which can take appropriate measures
+(such as printing an error message).
+
+
+<p>
+Lua code can explicitly generate an error by calling the
+<a href="#pdf-error"><code>error</code></a> function.
+If you need to catch errors in Lua,
+you can use <a href="#pdf-pcall"><code>pcall</code></a> or <a href="#pdf-xpcall"><code>xpcall</code></a>
+to call a given function in <em>protected mode</em>.
+
+
+<p>
+Whenever there is an error,
+an <em>error object</em> (also called an <em>error message</em>)
+is propagated with information about the error.
+Lua itself only generates errors where the error object is a string,
+but programs may generate errors with
+any value for the error object.
+
+
+<p>
+When you use <a href="#pdf-xpcall"><code>xpcall</code></a> or <a href="#lua_pcall"><code>lua_pcall</code></a>,
+you may give a <em>message handler</em>
+to be called in case of errors.
+This function is called with the original error message
+and returns a new error message.
+It is called before the error unwinds the stack,
+so that it can gather more information about the error,
+for instance by inspecting the stack and creating a stack traceback.
+This message handler is still protected by the protected call;
+so, an error inside the message handler
+will call the message handler again.
+If this loop goes on, Lua breaks it and returns an appropriate message.
+
+
+
+
+
+<h2>2.4 – <a name="2.4">Metatables and Metamethods</a></h2>
+
+<p>
+Every value in Lua can have a <em>metatable</em>.
+This <em>metatable</em> is an ordinary Lua table
+that defines the behavior of the original value
+under certain special operations.
+You can change several aspects of the behavior
+of operations over a value by setting specific fields in its metatable.
+For instance, when a non-numeric value is the operand of an addition,
+Lua checks for a function in the field "<code>__add</code>" of the value's metatable.
+If it finds one,
+Lua calls this function to perform the addition.
+
+
+<p>
+The keys in a metatable are derived from the <em>event</em> names;
+the corresponding values are called <em>metamethods</em>.
+In the previous example, the event is <code>"add"</code>
+and the metamethod is the function that performs the addition.
+
+
+<p>
+You can query the metatable of any value
+using the <a href="#pdf-getmetatable"><code>getmetatable</code></a> function.
+
+
+<p>
+You can replace the metatable of tables
+using the <a href="#pdf-setmetatable"><code>setmetatable</code></a> function.
+You cannot change the metatable of other types from Lua
+(except by using the debug library);
+you must use the C API for that.
+
+
+<p>
+Tables and full userdata have individual metatables
+(although multiple tables and userdata can share their metatables).
+Values of all other types share one single metatable per type;
+that is, there is one single metatable for all numbers,
+one for all strings, etc.
+By default, a value has no metatable,
+but the string library sets a metatable for the string type (see <a href="#6.4">§6.4</a>).
+
+
+<p>
+A metatable controls how an object behaves in arithmetic operations,
+order comparisons, concatenation, length operation, and indexing.
+A metatable also can define a function to be called
+when a userdata or a table is garbage collected.
+When Lua performs one of these operations over a value,
+it checks whether this value has a metatable with the corresponding event.
+If so, the value associated with that key (the metamethod)
+controls how Lua will perform the operation.
+
+
+<p>
+Metatables control the operations listed next.
+Each operation is identified by its corresponding name.
+The key for each operation is a string with its name prefixed by
+two underscores, '<code>__</code>';
+for instance, the key for operation "add" is the
+string "<code>__add</code>".
+
+
+<p>
+The semantics of these operations is better explained by a Lua function
+describing how the interpreter executes the operation.
+The code shown here in Lua is only illustrative;
+the real behavior is hard coded in the interpreter
+and it is much more efficient than this simulation.
+All functions used in these descriptions
+(<a href="#pdf-rawget"><code>rawget</code></a>, <a href="#pdf-tonumber"><code>tonumber</code></a>, etc.)
+are described in <a href="#6.1">§6.1</a>.
+In particular, to retrieve the metamethod of a given object,
+we use the expression
+
+<pre>
+ metatable(obj)[event]
+</pre><p>
+This should be read as
+
+<pre>
+ rawget(getmetatable(obj) or {}, event)
+</pre><p>
+
+This means that the access to a metamethod does not invoke other metamethods,
+and access to objects with no metatables does not fail
+(it simply results in <b>nil</b>).
+
+
+<p>
+For the unary <code>-</code> and <code>#</code> operators,
+the metamethod is called with a dummy second argument.
+This extra argument is only to simplify Lua's internals;
+it may be removed in future versions and therefore it is not present
+in the following code.
+(For most uses this extra argument is irrelevant.)
+
+
+
+<ul>
+
+<li><b>"add": </b>
+the <code>+</code> operation.
+
+
+
+<p>
+The function <code>getbinhandler</code> below defines how Lua chooses a handler
+for a binary operation.
+First, Lua tries the first operand.
+If its type does not define a handler for the operation,
+then Lua tries the second operand.
+
+<pre>
+ function getbinhandler (op1, op2, event)
+ return metatable(op1)[event] or metatable(op2)[event]
+ end
+</pre><p>
+By using this function,
+the behavior of the <code>op1 + op2</code> is
+
+<pre>
+ function add_event (op1, op2)
+ local o1, o2 = tonumber(op1), tonumber(op2)
+ if o1 and o2 then -- both operands are numeric?
+ return o1 + o2 -- '+' here is the primitive 'add'
+ else -- at least one of the operands is not numeric
+ local h = getbinhandler(op1, op2, "__add")
+ if h then
+ -- call the handler with both operands
+ return (h(op1, op2))
+ else -- no handler available: default behavior
+ error(···)
+ end
+ end
+ end
+</pre><p>
+</li>
+
+<li><b>"sub": </b>
+the <code>-</code> operation.
+
+Behavior similar to the "add" operation.
+</li>
+
+<li><b>"mul": </b>
+the <code>*</code> operation.
+
+Behavior similar to the "add" operation.
+</li>
+
+<li><b>"div": </b>
+the <code>/</code> operation.
+
+Behavior similar to the "add" operation.
+</li>
+
+<li><b>"mod": </b>
+the <code>%</code> operation.
+
+Behavior similar to the "add" operation,
+with the operation
+<code>o1 - floor(o1/o2)*o2</code> as the primitive operation.
+</li>
+
+<li><b>"pow": </b>
+the <code>^</code> (exponentiation) operation.
+
+Behavior similar to the "add" operation,
+with the function <code>pow</code> (from the C math library)
+as the primitive operation.
+</li>
+
+<li><b>"unm": </b>
+the unary <code>-</code> operation.
+
+
+<pre>
+ function unm_event (op)
+ local o = tonumber(op)
+ if o then -- operand is numeric?
+ return -o -- '-' here is the primitive 'unm'
+ else -- the operand is not numeric.
+ -- Try to get a handler from the operand
+ local h = metatable(op).__unm
+ if h then
+ -- call the handler with the operand
+ return (h(op))
+ else -- no handler available: default behavior
+ error(···)
+ end
+ end
+ end
+</pre><p>
+</li>
+
+<li><b>"concat": </b>
+the <code>..</code> (concatenation) operation.
+
+
+<pre>
+ function concat_event (op1, op2)
+ if (type(op1) == "string" or type(op1) == "number") and
+ (type(op2) == "string" or type(op2) == "number") then
+ return op1 .. op2 -- primitive string concatenation
+ else
+ local h = getbinhandler(op1, op2, "__concat")
+ if h then
+ return (h(op1, op2))
+ else
+ error(···)
+ end
+ end
+ end
+</pre><p>
+</li>
+
+<li><b>"len": </b>
+the <code>#</code> operation.
+
+
+<pre>
+ function len_event (op)
+ if type(op) == "string" then
+ return strlen(op) -- primitive string length
+ else
+ local h = metatable(op).__len
+ if h then
+ return (h(op)) -- call handler with the operand
+ elseif type(op) == "table" then
+ return #op -- primitive table length
+ else -- no handler available: error
+ error(···)
+ end
+ end
+ end
+</pre><p>
+See <a href="#3.4.6">§3.4.6</a> for a description of the length of a table.
+</li>
+
+<li><b>"eq": </b>
+the <code>==</code> operation.
+
+The function <code>getequalhandler</code> defines how Lua chooses a metamethod
+for equality.
+A metamethod is selected only when both values
+being compared have the same type
+and the same metamethod for the selected operation,
+and the values are either tables or full userdata.
+
+<pre>
+ function getequalhandler (op1, op2)
+ if type(op1) ~= type(op2) or
+ (type(op1) ~= "table" and type(op1) ~= "userdata") then
+ return nil -- different values
+ end
+ local mm1 = metatable(op1).__eq
+ local mm2 = metatable(op2).__eq
+ if mm1 == mm2 then return mm1 else return nil end
+ end
+</pre><p>
+The "eq" event is defined as follows:
+
+<pre>
+ function eq_event (op1, op2)
+ if op1 == op2 then -- primitive equal?
+ return true -- values are equal
+ end
+ -- try metamethod
+ local h = getequalhandler(op1, op2)
+ if h then
+ return not not h(op1, op2)
+ else
+ return false
+ end
+ end
+</pre><p>
+Note that the result is always a boolean.
+</li>
+
+<li><b>"lt": </b>
+the <code><</code> operation.
+
+
+<pre>
+ function lt_event (op1, op2)
+ if type(op1) == "number" and type(op2) == "number" then
+ return op1 < op2 -- numeric comparison
+ elseif type(op1) == "string" and type(op2) == "string" then
+ return op1 < op2 -- lexicographic comparison
+ else
+ local h = getbinhandler(op1, op2, "__lt")
+ if h then
+ return not not h(op1, op2)
+ else
+ error(···)
+ end
+ end
+ end
+</pre><p>
+Note that the result is always a boolean.
+</li>
+
+<li><b>"le": </b>
+the <code><=</code> operation.
+
+
+<pre>
+ function le_event (op1, op2)
+ if type(op1) == "number" and type(op2) == "number" then
+ return op1 <= op2 -- numeric comparison
+ elseif type(op1) == "string" and type(op2) == "string" then
+ return op1 <= op2 -- lexicographic comparison
+ else
+ local h = getbinhandler(op1, op2, "__le")
+ if h then
+ return not not h(op1, op2)
+ else
+ h = getbinhandler(op1, op2, "__lt")
+ if h then
+ return not h(op2, op1)
+ else
+ error(···)
+ end
+ end
+ end
+ end
+</pre><p>
+Note that, in the absence of a "le" metamethod,
+Lua tries the "lt", assuming that <code>a <= b</code> is
+equivalent to <code>not (b < a)</code>.
+
+
+<p>
+As with the other comparison operators,
+the result is always a boolean.
+</li>
+
+<li><b>"index": </b>
+The indexing access <code>table[key]</code>.
+Note that the metamethod is tried only
+when <code>key</code> is not present in <code>table</code>.
+(When <code>table</code> is not a table,
+no key is ever present,
+so the metamethod is always tried.)
+
+
+<pre>
+ function gettable_event (table, key)
+ local h
+ if type(table) == "table" then
+ local v = rawget(table, key)
+ -- if key is present, return raw value
+ if v ~= nil then return v end
+ h = metatable(table).__index
+ if h == nil then return nil end
+ else
+ h = metatable(table).__index
+ if h == nil then
+ error(···)
+ end
+ end
+ if type(h) == "function" then
+ return (h(table, key)) -- call the handler
+ else return h[key] -- or repeat operation on it
+ end
+ end
+</pre><p>
+</li>
+
+<li><b>"newindex": </b>
+The indexing assignment <code>table[key] = value</code>.
+Note that the metamethod is tried only
+when <code>key</code> is not present in <code>table</code>.
+
+
+<pre>
+ function settable_event (table, key, value)
+ local h
+ if type(table) == "table" then
+ local v = rawget(table, key)
+ -- if key is present, do raw assignment
+ if v ~= nil then rawset(table, key, value); return end
+ h = metatable(table).__newindex
+ if h == nil then rawset(table, key, value); return end
+ else
+ h = metatable(table).__newindex
+ if h == nil then
+ error(···)
+ end
+ end
+ if type(h) == "function" then
+ h(table, key,value) -- call the handler
+ else h[key] = value -- or repeat operation on it
+ end
+ end
+</pre><p>
+</li>
+
+<li><b>"call": </b>
+called when Lua calls a value.
+
+
+<pre>
+ function function_event (func, ...)
+ if type(func) == "function" then
+ return func(...) -- primitive call
+ else
+ local h = metatable(func).__call
+ if h then
+ return h(func, ...)
+ else
+ error(···)
+ end
+ end
+ end
+</pre><p>
+</li>
+
+</ul>
+
+
+
+
+<h2>2.5 – <a name="2.5">Garbage Collection</a></h2>
+
+<p>
+Lua performs automatic memory management.
+This means that
+you have to worry neither about allocating memory for new objects
+nor about freeing it when the objects are no longer needed.
+Lua manages memory automatically by running
+a <em>garbage collector</em> to collect all <em>dead objects</em>
+(that is, objects that are no longer accessible from Lua).
+All memory used by Lua is subject to automatic management:
+strings, tables, userdata, functions, threads, internal structures, etc.
+
+
+<p>
+Lua implements an incremental mark-and-sweep collector.
+It uses two numbers to control its garbage-collection cycles:
+the <em>garbage-collector pause</em> and
+the <em>garbage-collector step multiplier</em>.
+Both use percentage points as units
+(e.g., a value of 100 means an internal value of 1).
+
+
+<p>
+The garbage-collector pause
+controls how long the collector waits before starting a new cycle.
+Larger values make the collector less aggressive.
+Values smaller than 100 mean the collector will not wait to
+start a new cycle.
+A value of 200 means that the collector waits for the total memory in use
+to double before starting a new cycle.
+
+
+<p>
+The garbage-collector step multiplier
+controls the relative speed of the collector relative to
+memory allocation.
+Larger values make the collector more aggressive but also increase
+the size of each incremental step.
+Values smaller than 100 make the collector too slow and
+can result in the collector never finishing a cycle.
+The default is 200,
+which means that the collector runs at "twice"
+the speed of memory allocation.
+
+
+<p>
+If you set the step multiplier to a very large number
+(larger than 10% of the maximum number of
+bytes that the program may use),
+the collector behaves like a stop-the-world collector.
+If you then set the pause to 200,
+the collector behaves as in old Lua versions,
+doing a complete collection every time Lua doubles its
+memory usage.
+
+
+<p>
+You can change these numbers by calling <a href="#lua_gc"><code>lua_gc</code></a> in C
+or <a href="#pdf-collectgarbage"><code>collectgarbage</code></a> in Lua.
+You can also use these functions to control
+the collector directly (e.g., stop and restart it).
+
+
+<p>
+As an experimental feature in Lua 5.2,
+you can change the collector's operation mode
+from incremental to <em>generational</em>.
+A <em>generational collector</em> assumes that most objects die young,
+and therefore it traverses only young (recently created) objects.
+This behavior can reduce the time used by the collector,
+but also increases memory usage (as old dead objects may accumulate).
+To mitigate this second problem,
+from time to time the generational collector performs a full collection.
+Remember that this is an experimental feature;
+you are welcome to try it,
+but check your gains.
+
+
+
+<h3>2.5.1 – <a name="2.5.1">Garbage-Collection Metamethods</a></h3>
+
+<p>
+You can set garbage-collector metamethods for tables
+and, using the C API,
+for full userdata (see <a href="#2.4">§2.4</a>).
+These metamethods are also called <em>finalizers</em>.
+Finalizers allow you to coordinate Lua's garbage collection
+with external resource management
+(such as closing files, network or database connections,
+or freeing your own memory).
+
+
+<p>
+For an object (table or userdata) to be finalized when collected,
+you must <em>mark</em> it for finalization.
+
+You mark an object for finalization when you set its metatable
+and the metatable has a field indexed by the string "<code>__gc</code>".
+Note that if you set a metatable without a <code>__gc</code> field
+and later create that field in the metatable,
+the object will not be marked for finalization.
+However, after an object is marked,
+you can freely change the <code>__gc</code> field of its metatable.
+
+
+<p>
+When a marked object becomes garbage,
+it is not collected immediately by the garbage collector.
+Instead, Lua puts it in a list.
+After the collection,
+Lua does the equivalent of the following function
+for each object in that list:
+
+<pre>
+ function gc_event (obj)
+ local h = metatable(obj).__gc
+ if type(h) == "function" then
+ h(obj)
+ end
+ end
+</pre>
+
+<p>
+At the end of each garbage-collection cycle,
+the finalizers for objects are called in
+the reverse order that they were marked for collection,
+among those collected in that cycle;
+that is, the first finalizer to be called is the one associated
+with the object marked last in the program.
+The execution of each finalizer may occur at any point during
+the execution of the regular code.
+
+
+<p>
+Because the object being collected must still be used by the finalizer,
+it (and other objects accessible only through it)
+must be <em>resurrected</em> by Lua.
+Usually, this resurrection is transient,
+and the object memory is freed in the next garbage-collection cycle.
+However, if the finalizer stores the object in some global place
+(e.g., a global variable),
+then there is a permanent resurrection.
+In any case,
+the object memory is freed only when it becomes completely inaccessible;
+its finalizer will never be called twice.
+
+
+
+
+
+<h3>2.5.2 – <a name="2.5.2">Weak Tables</a></h3>
+
+<p>
+A <em>weak table</em> is a table whose elements are
+<em>weak references</em>.
+A weak reference is ignored by the garbage collector.
+In other words,
+if the only references to an object are weak references,
+then the garbage collector will collect that object.
+
+
+<p>
+A weak table can have weak keys, weak values, or both.
+A table with weak keys allows the collection of its keys,
+but prevents the collection of its values.
+A table with both weak keys and weak values allows the collection of
+both keys and values.
+In any case, if either the key or the value is collected,
+the whole pair is removed from the table.
+The weakness of a table is controlled by the
+<code>__mode</code> field of its metatable.
+If the <code>__mode</code> field is a string containing the character '<code>k</code>',
+the keys in the table are weak.
+If <code>__mode</code> contains '<code>v</code>',
+the values in the table are weak.
+
+
+<p>
+A table with weak keys and strong values
+is also called an <em>ephemeron table</em>.
+In an ephemeron table,
+a value is considered reachable only if its key is reachable.
+In particular,
+if the only reference to a key comes through its value,
+the pair is removed.
+
+
+<p>
+Any change in the weakness of a table may take effect only
+at the next collect cycle.
+In particular, if you change the weakness to a stronger mode,
+Lua may still collect some items from that table
+before the change takes effect.
+
+
+<p>
+Only objects that have an explicit construction
+are removed from weak tables.
+Values, such as numbers and light C functions,
+are not subject to garbage collection,
+and therefore are not removed from weak tables
+(unless its associated value is collected).
+Although strings are subject to garbage collection,
+they do not have an explicit construction,
+and therefore are not removed from weak tables.
+
+
+<p>
+Resurrected objects
+(that is, objects being finalized
+and objects accessible only through objects being finalized)
+have a special behavior in weak tables.
+They are removed from weak values before running their finalizers,
+but are removed from weak keys only in the next collection
+after running their finalizers, when such objects are actually freed.
+This behavior allows the finalizer to access properties
+associated with the object through weak tables.
+
+
+<p>
+If a weak table is among the resurrected objects in a collection cycle,
+it may not be properly cleared until the next cycle.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+<h2>2.6 – <a name="2.6">Coroutines</a></h2>
+
+<p>
+Lua supports coroutines,
+also called <em>collaborative multithreading</em>.
+A coroutine in Lua represents an independent thread of execution.
+Unlike threads in multithread systems, however,
+a coroutine only suspends its execution by explicitly calling
+a yield function.
+
+
+<p>
+You create a coroutine by calling <a href="#pdf-coroutine.create"><code>coroutine.create</code></a>.
+Its sole argument is a function
+that is the main function of the coroutine.
+The <code>create</code> function only creates a new coroutine and
+returns a handle to it (an object of type <em>thread</em>);
+it does not start the coroutine.
+
+
+<p>
+You execute a coroutine by calling <a href="#pdf-coroutine.resume"><code>coroutine.resume</code></a>.
+When you first call <a href="#pdf-coroutine.resume"><code>coroutine.resume</code></a>,
+passing as its first argument
+a thread returned by <a href="#pdf-coroutine.create"><code>coroutine.create</code></a>,
+the coroutine starts its execution,
+at the first line of its main function.
+Extra arguments passed to <a href="#pdf-coroutine.resume"><code>coroutine.resume</code></a> are passed on
+to the coroutine main function.
+After the coroutine starts running,
+it runs until it terminates or <em>yields</em>.
+
+
+<p>
+A coroutine can terminate its execution in two ways:
+normally, when its main function returns
+(explicitly or implicitly, after the last instruction);
+and abnormally, if there is an unprotected error.
+In the first case, <a href="#pdf-coroutine.resume"><code>coroutine.resume</code></a> returns <b>true</b>,
+plus any values returned by the coroutine main function.
+In case of errors, <a href="#pdf-coroutine.resume"><code>coroutine.resume</code></a> returns <b>false</b>
+plus an error message.
+
+
+<p>
+A coroutine yields by calling <a href="#pdf-coroutine.yield"><code>coroutine.yield</code></a>.
+When a coroutine yields,
+the corresponding <a href="#pdf-coroutine.resume"><code>coroutine.resume</code></a> returns immediately,
+even if the yield happens inside nested function calls
+(that is, not in the main function,
+but in a function directly or indirectly called by the main function).
+In the case of a yield, <a href="#pdf-coroutine.resume"><code>coroutine.resume</code></a> also returns <b>true</b>,
+plus any values passed to <a href="#pdf-coroutine.yield"><code>coroutine.yield</code></a>.
+The next time you resume the same coroutine,
+it continues its execution from the point where it yielded,
+with the call to <a href="#pdf-coroutine.yield"><code>coroutine.yield</code></a> returning any extra
+arguments passed to <a href="#pdf-coroutine.resume"><code>coroutine.resume</code></a>.
+
+
+<p>
+Like <a href="#pdf-coroutine.create"><code>coroutine.create</code></a>,
+the <a href="#pdf-coroutine.wrap"><code>coroutine.wrap</code></a> function also creates a coroutine,
+but instead of returning the coroutine itself,
+it returns a function that, when called, resumes the coroutine.
+Any arguments passed to this function
+go as extra arguments to <a href="#pdf-coroutine.resume"><code>coroutine.resume</code></a>.
+<a href="#pdf-coroutine.wrap"><code>coroutine.wrap</code></a> returns all the values returned by <a href="#pdf-coroutine.resume"><code>coroutine.resume</code></a>,
+except the first one (the boolean error code).
+Unlike <a href="#pdf-coroutine.resume"><code>coroutine.resume</code></a>,
+<a href="#pdf-coroutine.wrap"><code>coroutine.wrap</code></a> does not catch errors;
+any error is propagated to the caller.
+
+
+<p>
+As an example of how coroutines work,
+consider the following code:
+
+<pre>
+ function foo (a)
+ print("foo", a)
+ return coroutine.yield(2*a)
+ end
+
+ co = coroutine.create(function (a,b)
+ print("co-body", a, b)
+ local r = foo(a+1)
+ print("co-body", r)
+ local r, s = coroutine.yield(a+b, a-b)
+ print("co-body", r, s)
+ return b, "end"
+ end)
+
+ print("main", coroutine.resume(co, 1, 10))
+ print("main", coroutine.resume(co, "r"))
+ print("main", coroutine.resume(co, "x", "y"))
+ print("main", coroutine.resume(co, "x", "y"))
+</pre><p>
+When you run it, it produces the following output:
+
+<pre>
+ co-body 1 10
+ foo 2
+ main true 4
+ co-body r
+ main true 11 -9
+ co-body x y
+ main true 10 end
+ main false cannot resume dead coroutine
+</pre>
+
+<p>
+You can also create and manipulate coroutines through the C API:
+see functions <a href="#lua_newthread"><code>lua_newthread</code></a>, <a href="#lua_resume"><code>lua_resume</code></a>,
+and <a href="#lua_yield"><code>lua_yield</code></a>.
+
+
+
+
+
+<h1>3 – <a name="3">The Language</a></h1>
+
+<p>
+This section describes the lexis, the syntax, and the semantics of Lua.
+In other words,
+this section describes
+which tokens are valid,
+how they can be combined,
+and what their combinations mean.
+
+
+<p>
+Language constructs will be explained using the usual extended BNF notation,
+in which
+{<em>a</em>} means 0 or more <em>a</em>'s, and
+[<em>a</em>] means an optional <em>a</em>.
+Non-terminals are shown like non-terminal,
+keywords are shown like <b>kword</b>,
+and other terminal symbols are shown like ‘<b>=</b>’.
+The complete syntax of Lua can be found in <a href="#9">§9</a>
+at the end of this manual.
+
+
+
+<h2>3.1 – <a name="3.1">Lexical Conventions</a></h2>
+
+<p>
+Lua is a free-form language.
+It ignores spaces (including new lines) and comments
+between lexical elements (tokens),
+except as delimiters between names and keywords.
+
+
+<p>
+<em>Names</em>
+(also called <em>identifiers</em>)
+in Lua can be any string of letters,
+digits, and underscores,
+not beginning with a digit.
+Identifiers are used to name variables, table fields, and labels.
+
+
+<p>
+The following <em>keywords</em> are reserved
+and cannot be used as names:
+
+
+<pre>
+ and break do else elseif end
+ false for function goto if in
+ local nil not or repeat return
+ then true until while
+</pre>
+
+<p>
+Lua is a case-sensitive language:
+<code>and</code> is a reserved word, but <code>And</code> and <code>AND</code>
+are two different, valid names.
+As a convention, names starting with an underscore followed by
+uppercase letters (such as <a href="#pdf-_VERSION"><code>_VERSION</code></a>)
+are reserved for variables used by Lua.
+
+
+<p>
+The following strings denote other tokens:
+
+<pre>
+ + - * / % ^ #
+ == ~= <= >= < > =
+ ( ) { } [ ] ::
+ ; : , . .. ...
+</pre>
+
+<p>
+<em>Literal strings</em>
+can be delimited by matching single or double quotes,
+and can contain the following C-like escape sequences:
+'<code>\a</code>' (bell),
+'<code>\b</code>' (backspace),
+'<code>\f</code>' (form feed),
+'<code>\n</code>' (newline),
+'<code>\r</code>' (carriage return),
+'<code>\t</code>' (horizontal tab),
+'<code>\v</code>' (vertical tab),
+'<code>\\</code>' (backslash),
+'<code>\"</code>' (quotation mark [double quote]),
+and '<code>\'</code>' (apostrophe [single quote]).
+A backslash followed by a real newline
+results in a newline in the string.
+The escape sequence '<code>\z</code>' skips the following span
+of white-space characters,
+including line breaks;
+it is particularly useful to break and indent a long string
+into multiple lines without adding the newlines and spaces
+into the string contents.
+
+
+<p>
+A byte in a literal string can also be specified by its numerical value.
+This can be done with the escape sequence <code>\x<em>XX</em></code>,
+where <em>XX</em> is a sequence of exactly two hexadecimal digits,
+or with the escape sequence <code>\<em>ddd</em></code>,
+where <em>ddd</em> is a sequence of up to three decimal digits.
+(Note that if a decimal escape is to be followed by a digit,
+it must be expressed using exactly three digits.)
+Strings in Lua can contain any 8-bit value, including embedded zeros,
+which can be specified as '<code>\0</code>'.
+
+
+<p>
+Literal strings can also be defined using a long format
+enclosed by <em>long brackets</em>.
+We define an <em>opening long bracket of level <em>n</em></em> as an opening
+square bracket followed by <em>n</em> equal signs followed by another
+opening square bracket.
+So, an opening long bracket of level 0 is written as <code>[[</code>,
+an opening long bracket of level 1 is written as <code>[=[</code>,
+and so on.
+A <em>closing long bracket</em> is defined similarly;
+for instance, a closing long bracket of level 4 is written as <code>]====]</code>.
+A long string starts with an opening long bracket of any level and
+ends at the first closing long bracket of the same level.
+It can contain any text except a closing bracket of the proper level.
+Literals in this bracketed form can run for several lines,
+do not interpret any escape sequences,
+and ignore long brackets of any other level.
+Any kind of end-of-line sequence
+(carriage return, newline, carriage return followed by newline,
+or newline followed by carriage return)
+is converted to a simple newline.
+
+
+<p>
+When parsing a from a string source,
+any byte in a literal string not
+explicitly affected by the previous rules represents itself.
+However, Lua opens files for parsing in text mode,
+and the system file functions may have problems with
+some control characters.
+So, it is safer to represent
+non-text data as a quoted literal with
+explicit escape sequences for non-text characters.
+
+
+<p>
+For convenience,
+when the opening long bracket is immediately followed by a newline,
+the newline is not included in the string.
+As an example, in a system using ASCII
+(in which '<code>a</code>' is coded as 97,
+newline is coded as 10, and '<code>1</code>' is coded as 49),
+the five literal strings below denote the same string:
+
+<pre>
+ a = 'alo\n123"'
+ a = "alo\n123\""
+ a = '\97lo\10\04923"'
+ a = [[alo
+ 123"]]
+ a = [==[
+ alo
+ 123"]==]
+</pre>
+
+<p>
+A <em>numerical constant</em> can be written with an optional fractional part
+and an optional decimal exponent,
+marked by a letter '<code>e</code>' or '<code>E</code>'.
+Lua also accepts hexadecimal constants,
+which start with <code>0x</code> or <code>0X</code>.
+Hexadecimal constants also accept an optional fractional part
+plus an optional binary exponent,
+marked by a letter '<code>p</code>' or '<code>P</code>'.
+Examples of valid numerical constants are
+
+<pre>
+ 3 3.0 3.1416 314.16e-2 0.31416E1
+ 0xff 0x0.1E 0xA23p-4 0X1.921FB54442D18P+1
+</pre>
+
+<p>
+A <em>comment</em> starts with a double hyphen (<code>--</code>)
+anywhere outside a string.
+If the text immediately after <code>--</code> is not an opening long bracket,
+the comment is a <em>short comment</em>,
+which runs until the end of the line.
+Otherwise, it is a <em>long comment</em>,
+which runs until the corresponding closing long bracket.
+Long comments are frequently used to disable code temporarily.
+
+
+
+
+
+<h2>3.2 – <a name="3.2">Variables</a></h2>
+
+<p>
+Variables are places that store values.
+There are three kinds of variables in Lua:
+global variables, local variables, and table fields.
+
+
+<p>
+A single name can denote a global variable or a local variable
+(or a function's formal parameter,
+which is a particular kind of local variable):
+
+<pre>
+ var ::= Name
+</pre><p>
+Name denotes identifiers, as defined in <a href="#3.1">§3.1</a>.
+
+
+<p>
+Any variable name is assumed to be global unless explicitly declared
+as a local (see <a href="#3.3.7">§3.3.7</a>).
+Local variables are <em>lexically scoped</em>:
+local variables can be freely accessed by functions
+defined inside their scope (see <a href="#3.5">§3.5</a>).
+
+
+<p>
+Before the first assignment to a variable, its value is <b>nil</b>.
+
+
+<p>
+Square brackets are used to index a table:
+
+<pre>
+ var ::= prefixexp ‘<b>[</b>’ exp ‘<b>]</b>’
+</pre><p>
+The meaning of accesses to table fields can be changed via metatables.
+An access to an indexed variable <code>t[i]</code> is equivalent to
+a call <code>gettable_event(t,i)</code>.
+(See <a href="#2.4">§2.4</a> for a complete description of the
+<code>gettable_event</code> function.
+This function is not defined or callable in Lua.
+We use it here only for explanatory purposes.)
+
+
+<p>
+The syntax <code>var.Name</code> is just syntactic sugar for
+<code>var["Name"]</code>:
+
+<pre>
+ var ::= prefixexp ‘<b>.</b>’ Name
+</pre>
+
+<p>
+An access to a global variable <code>x</code>
+is equivalent to <code>_ENV.x</code>.
+Due to the way that chunks are compiled,
+<code>_ENV</code> is never a global name (see <a href="#2.2">§2.2</a>).
+
+
+
+
+
+<h2>3.3 – <a name="3.3">Statements</a></h2>
+
+<p>
+Lua supports an almost conventional set of statements,
+similar to those in Pascal or C.
+This set includes
+assignments, control structures, function calls,
+and variable declarations.
+
+
+
+<h3>3.3.1 – <a name="3.3.1">Blocks</a></h3>
+
+<p>
+A block is a list of statements,
+which are executed sequentially:
+
+<pre>
+ block ::= {stat}
+</pre><p>
+Lua has <em>empty statements</em>
+that allow you to separate statements with semicolons,
+start a block with a semicolon
+or write two semicolons in sequence:
+
+<pre>
+ stat ::= ‘<b>;</b>’
+</pre>
+
+<p>
+A block can be explicitly delimited to produce a single statement:
+
+<pre>
+ stat ::= <b>do</b> block <b>end</b>
+</pre><p>
+Explicit blocks are useful
+to control the scope of variable declarations.
+Explicit blocks are also sometimes used to
+add a <b>return</b> statement in the middle
+of another block (see <a href="#3.3.4">§3.3.4</a>).
+
+
+
+
+
+<h3>3.3.2 – <a name="3.3.2">Chunks</a></h3>
+
+<p>
+The unit of execution of Lua is called a <em>chunk</em>.
+Syntactically,
+a chunk is simply a block:
+
+<pre>
+ chunk ::= block
+</pre>
+
+<p>
+Lua handles a chunk as the body of an anonymous function
+with a variable number of arguments
+(see <a href="#3.4.10">§3.4.10</a>).
+As such, chunks can define local variables,
+receive arguments, and return values.
+Moreover, such anonymous function is compiled as in the
+scope of an external local variable called <code>_ENV</code> (see <a href="#2.2">§2.2</a>).
+The resulting function always has <code>_ENV</code> as its only upvalue,
+even if it does not use that variable.
+
+
+<p>
+A chunk can be stored in a file or in a string inside the host program.
+To execute a chunk,
+Lua first precompiles the chunk into instructions for a virtual machine,
+and then it executes the compiled code
+with an interpreter for the virtual machine.
+
+
+<p>
+Chunks can also be precompiled into binary form;
+see program <code>luac</code> for details.
+Programs in source and compiled forms are interchangeable;
+Lua automatically detects the file type and acts accordingly.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+<h3>3.3.3 – <a name="3.3.3">Assignment</a></h3>
+
+<p>
+Lua allows multiple assignments.
+Therefore, the syntax for assignment
+defines a list of variables on the left side
+and a list of expressions on the right side.
+The elements in both lists are separated by commas:
+
+<pre>
+ stat ::= varlist ‘<b>=</b>’ explist
+ varlist ::= var {‘<b>,</b>’ var}
+ explist ::= exp {‘<b>,</b>’ exp}
+</pre><p>
+Expressions are discussed in <a href="#3.4">§3.4</a>.
+
+
+<p>
+Before the assignment,
+the list of values is <em>adjusted</em> to the length of
+the list of variables.
+If there are more values than needed,
+the excess values are thrown away.
+If there are fewer values than needed,
+the list is extended with as many <b>nil</b>'s as needed.
+If the list of expressions ends with a function call,
+then all values returned by that call enter the list of values,
+before the adjustment
+(except when the call is enclosed in parentheses; see <a href="#3.4">§3.4</a>).
+
+
+<p>
+The assignment statement first evaluates all its expressions
+and only then are the assignments performed.
+Thus the code
+
+<pre>
+ i = 3
+ i, a[i] = i+1, 20
+</pre><p>
+sets <code>a[3]</code> to 20, without affecting <code>a[4]</code>
+because the <code>i</code> in <code>a[i]</code> is evaluated (to 3)
+before it is assigned 4.
+Similarly, the line
+
+<pre>
+ x, y = y, x
+</pre><p>
+exchanges the values of <code>x</code> and <code>y</code>,
+and
+
+<pre>
+ x, y, z = y, z, x
+</pre><p>
+cyclically permutes the values of <code>x</code>, <code>y</code>, and <code>z</code>.
+
+
+<p>
+The meaning of assignments to global variables
+and table fields can be changed via metatables.
+An assignment to an indexed variable <code>t[i] = val</code> is equivalent to
+<code>settable_event(t,i,val)</code>.
+(See <a href="#2.4">§2.4</a> for a complete description of the
+<code>settable_event</code> function.
+This function is not defined or callable in Lua.
+We use it here only for explanatory purposes.)
+
+
+<p>
+An assignment to a global variable <code>x = val</code>
+is equivalent to the assignment
+<code>_ENV.x = val</code> (see <a href="#2.2">§2.2</a>).
+
+
+
+
+
+<h3>3.3.4 – <a name="3.3.4">Control Structures</a></h3><p>
+The control structures
+<b>if</b>, <b>while</b>, and <b>repeat</b> have the usual meaning and
+familiar syntax:
+
+
+
+
+<pre>
+ stat ::= <b>while</b> exp <b>do</b> block <b>end</b>
+ stat ::= <b>repeat</b> block <b>until</b> exp
+ stat ::= <b>if</b> exp <b>then</b> block {<b>elseif</b> exp <b>then</b> block} [<b>else</b> block] <b>end</b>
+</pre><p>
+Lua also has a <b>for</b> statement, in two flavors (see <a href="#3.3.5">§3.3.5</a>).
+
+
+<p>
+The condition expression of a
+control structure can return any value.
+Both <b>false</b> and <b>nil</b> are considered false.
+All values different from <b>nil</b> and <b>false</b> are considered true
+(in particular, the number 0 and the empty string are also true).
+
+
+<p>
+In the <b>repeat</b>–<b>until</b> loop,
+the inner block does not end at the <b>until</b> keyword,
+but only after the condition.
+So, the condition can refer to local variables
+declared inside the loop block.
+
+
+<p>
+The <b>goto</b> statement transfers the program control to a label.
+For syntactical reasons,
+labels in Lua are considered statements too:
+
+
+
+<pre>
+ stat ::= <b>goto</b> Name
+ stat ::= label
+ label ::= ‘<b>::</b>’ Name ‘<b>::</b>’
+</pre>
+
+<p>
+A label is visible in the entire block where it is defined,
+except
+inside nested blocks where a label with the same name is defined and
+inside nested functions.
+A goto may jump to any visible label as long as it does not
+enter into the scope of a local variable.
+
+
+<p>
+Labels and empty statements are called <em>void statements</em>,
+as they perform no actions.
+
+
+<p>
+The <b>break</b> statement terminates the execution of a
+<b>while</b>, <b>repeat</b>, or <b>for</b> loop,
+skipping to the next statement after the loop:
+
+
+<pre>
+ stat ::= <b>break</b>
+</pre><p>
+A <b>break</b> ends the innermost enclosing loop.
+
+
+<p>
+The <b>return</b> statement is used to return values
+from a function or a chunk (which is a function in disguise).
+
+Functions can return more than one value,
+so the syntax for the <b>return</b> statement is
+
+<pre>
+ stat ::= <b>return</b> [explist] [‘<b>;</b>’]
+</pre>
+
+<p>
+The <b>return</b> statement can only be written
+as the last statement of a block.
+If it is really necessary to <b>return</b> in the middle of a block,
+then an explicit inner block can be used,
+as in the idiom <code>do return end</code>,
+because now <b>return</b> is the last statement in its (inner) block.
+
+
+
+
+
+<h3>3.3.5 – <a name="3.3.5">For Statement</a></h3>
+
+<p>
+
+The <b>for</b> statement has two forms:
+one numeric and one generic.
+
+
+<p>
+The numeric <b>for</b> loop repeats a block of code while a
+control variable runs through an arithmetic progression.
+It has the following syntax:
+
+<pre>
+ stat ::= <b>for</b> Name ‘<b>=</b>’ exp ‘<b>,</b>’ exp [‘<b>,</b>’ exp] <b>do</b> block <b>end</b>
+</pre><p>
+The <em>block</em> is repeated for <em>name</em> starting at the value of
+the first <em>exp</em>, until it passes the second <em>exp</em> by steps of the
+third <em>exp</em>.
+More precisely, a <b>for</b> statement like
+
+<pre>
+ for v = <em>e1</em>, <em>e2</em>, <em>e3</em> do <em>block</em> end
+</pre><p>
+is equivalent to the code:
+
+<pre>
+ do
+ local <em>var</em>, <em>limit</em>, <em>step</em> = tonumber(<em>e1</em>), tonumber(<em>e2</em>), tonumber(<em>e3</em>)
+ if not (<em>var</em> and <em>limit</em> and <em>step</em>) then error() end
+ while (<em>step</em> > 0 and <em>var</em> <= <em>limit</em>) or (<em>step</em> <= 0 and <em>var</em> >= <em>limit</em>) do
+ local v = <em>var</em>
+ <em>block</em>
+ <em>var</em> = <em>var</em> + <em>step</em>
+ end
+ end
+</pre><p>
+Note the following:
+
+<ul>
+
+<li>
+All three control expressions are evaluated only once,
+before the loop starts.
+They must all result in numbers.
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<code><em>var</em></code>, <code><em>limit</em></code>, and <code><em>step</em></code> are invisible variables.
+The names shown here are for explanatory purposes only.
+</li>
+
+<li>
+If the third expression (the step) is absent,
+then a step of 1 is used.
+</li>
+
+<li>
+You can use <b>break</b> to exit a <b>for</b> loop.
+</li>
+
+<li>
+The loop variable <code>v</code> is local to the loop;
+you cannot use its value after the <b>for</b> ends or is broken.
+If you need this value,
+assign it to another variable before breaking or exiting the loop.
+</li>
+
+</ul>
+
+<p>
+The generic <b>for</b> statement works over functions,
+called <em>iterators</em>.
+On each iteration, the iterator function is called to produce a new value,
+stopping when this new value is <b>nil</b>.
+The generic <b>for</b> loop has the following syntax:
+
+<pre>
+ stat ::= <b>for</b> namelist <b>in</b> explist <b>do</b> block <b>end</b>
+ namelist ::= Name {‘<b>,</b>’ Name}
+</pre><p>
+A <b>for</b> statement like
+
+<pre>
+ for <em>var_1</em>, ···, <em>var_n</em> in <em>explist</em> do <em>block</em> end
+</pre><p>
+is equivalent to the code:
+
+<pre>
+ do
+ local <em>f</em>, <em>s</em>, <em>var</em> = <em>explist</em>
+ while true do
+ local <em>var_1</em>, ···, <em>var_n</em> = <em>f</em>(<em>s</em>, <em>var</em>)
+ if <em>var_1</em> == nil then break end
+ <em>var</em> = <em>var_1</em>
+ <em>block</em>
+ end
+ end
+</pre><p>
+Note the following:
+
+<ul>
+
+<li>
+<code><em>explist</em></code> is evaluated only once.
+Its results are an <em>iterator</em> function,
+a <em>state</em>,
+and an initial value for the first <em>iterator variable</em>.
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<code><em>f</em></code>, <code><em>s</em></code>, and <code><em>var</em></code> are invisible variables.
+The names are here for explanatory purposes only.
+</li>
+
+<li>
+You can use <b>break</b> to exit a <b>for</b> loop.
+</li>
+
+<li>
+The loop variables <code><em>var_i</em></code> are local to the loop;
+you cannot use their values after the <b>for</b> ends.
+If you need these values,
+then assign them to other variables before breaking or exiting the loop.
+</li>
+
+</ul>
+
+
+
+
+<h3>3.3.6 – <a name="3.3.6">Function Calls as Statements</a></h3><p>
+To allow possible side-effects,
+function calls can be executed as statements:
+
+<pre>
+ stat ::= functioncall
+</pre><p>
+In this case, all returned values are thrown away.
+Function calls are explained in <a href="#3.4.9">§3.4.9</a>.
+
+
+
+
+
+<h3>3.3.7 – <a name="3.3.7">Local Declarations</a></h3><p>
+Local variables can be declared anywhere inside a block.
+The declaration can include an initial assignment:
+
+<pre>
+ stat ::= <b>local</b> namelist [‘<b>=</b>’ explist]
+</pre><p>
+If present, an initial assignment has the same semantics
+of a multiple assignment (see <a href="#3.3.3">§3.3.3</a>).
+Otherwise, all variables are initialized with <b>nil</b>.
+
+
+<p>
+A chunk is also a block (see <a href="#3.3.2">§3.3.2</a>),
+and so local variables can be declared in a chunk outside any explicit block.
+
+
+<p>
+The visibility rules for local variables are explained in <a href="#3.5">§3.5</a>.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+<h2>3.4 – <a name="3.4">Expressions</a></h2>
+
+<p>
+The basic expressions in Lua are the following:
+
+<pre>
+ exp ::= prefixexp
+ exp ::= <b>nil</b> | <b>false</b> | <b>true</b>
+ exp ::= Number
+ exp ::= String
+ exp ::= functiondef
+ exp ::= tableconstructor
+ exp ::= ‘<b>...</b>’
+ exp ::= exp binop exp
+ exp ::= unop exp
+ prefixexp ::= var | functioncall | ‘<b>(</b>’ exp ‘<b>)</b>’
+</pre>
+
+<p>
+Numbers and literal strings are explained in <a href="#3.1">§3.1</a>;
+variables are explained in <a href="#3.2">§3.2</a>;
+function definitions are explained in <a href="#3.4.10">§3.4.10</a>;
+function calls are explained in <a href="#3.4.9">§3.4.9</a>;
+table constructors are explained in <a href="#3.4.8">§3.4.8</a>.
+Vararg expressions,
+denoted by three dots ('<code>...</code>'), can only be used when
+directly inside a vararg function;
+they are explained in <a href="#3.4.10">§3.4.10</a>.
+
+
+<p>
+Binary operators comprise arithmetic operators (see <a href="#3.4.1">§3.4.1</a>),
+relational operators (see <a href="#3.4.3">§3.4.3</a>), logical operators (see <a href="#3.4.4">§3.4.4</a>),
+and the concatenation operator (see <a href="#3.4.5">§3.4.5</a>).
+Unary operators comprise the unary minus (see <a href="#3.4.1">§3.4.1</a>),
+the unary <b>not</b> (see <a href="#3.4.4">§3.4.4</a>),
+and the unary <em>length operator</em> (see <a href="#3.4.6">§3.4.6</a>).
+
+
+<p>
+Both function calls and vararg expressions can result in multiple values.
+If a function call is used as a statement (see <a href="#3.3.6">§3.3.6</a>),
+then its return list is adjusted to zero elements,
+thus discarding all returned values.
+If an expression is used as the last (or the only) element
+of a list of expressions,
+then no adjustment is made
+(unless the expression is enclosed in parentheses).
+In all other contexts,
+Lua adjusts the result list to one element,
+discarding all values except the first one.
+
+
+<p>
+Here are some examples:
+
+<pre>
+ f() -- adjusted to 0 results
+ g(f(), x) -- f() is adjusted to 1 result
+ g(x, f()) -- g gets x plus all results from f()
+ a,b,c = f(), x -- f() is adjusted to 1 result (c gets nil)
+ a,b = ... -- a gets the first vararg parameter, b gets
+ -- the second (both a and b can get nil if there
+ -- is no corresponding vararg parameter)
+
+ a,b,c = x, f() -- f() is adjusted to 2 results
+ a,b,c = f() -- f() is adjusted to 3 results
+ return f() -- returns all results from f()
+ return ... -- returns all received vararg parameters
+ return x,y,f() -- returns x, y, and all results from f()
+ {f()} -- creates a list with all results from f()
+ {...} -- creates a list with all vararg parameters
+ {f(), nil} -- f() is adjusted to 1 result
+</pre>
+
+<p>
+Any expression enclosed in parentheses always results in only one value.
+Thus,
+<code>(f(x,y,z))</code> is always a single value,
+even if <code>f</code> returns several values.
+(The value of <code>(f(x,y,z))</code> is the first value returned by <code>f</code>
+or <b>nil</b> if <code>f</code> does not return any values.)
+
+
+
+<h3>3.4.1 – <a name="3.4.1">Arithmetic Operators</a></h3><p>
+Lua supports the usual arithmetic operators:
+the binary <code>+</code> (addition),
+<code>-</code> (subtraction), <code>*</code> (multiplication),
+<code>/</code> (division), <code>%</code> (modulo), and <code>^</code> (exponentiation);
+and unary <code>-</code> (mathematical negation).
+If the operands are numbers, or strings that can be converted to
+numbers (see <a href="#3.4.2">§3.4.2</a>),
+then all operations have the usual meaning.
+Exponentiation works for any exponent.
+For instance, <code>x^(-0.5)</code> computes the inverse of the square root of <code>x</code>.
+Modulo is defined as
+
+<pre>
+ a % b == a - math.floor(a/b)*b
+</pre><p>
+That is, it is the remainder of a division that rounds
+the quotient towards minus infinity.
+
+
+
+
+
+<h3>3.4.2 – <a name="3.4.2">Coercion</a></h3>
+
+<p>
+Lua provides automatic conversion between
+string and number values at run time.
+Any arithmetic operation applied to a string tries to convert
+this string to a number, following the rules of the Lua lexer.
+(The string may have leading and trailing spaces and a sign.)
+Conversely, whenever a number is used where a string is expected,
+the number is converted to a string, in a reasonable format.
+For complete control over how numbers are converted to strings,
+use the <code>format</code> function from the string library
+(see <a href="#pdf-string.format"><code>string.format</code></a>).
+
+
+
+
+
+<h3>3.4.3 – <a name="3.4.3">Relational Operators</a></h3><p>
+The relational operators in Lua are
+
+<pre>
+ == ~= < > <= >=
+</pre><p>
+These operators always result in <b>false</b> or <b>true</b>.
+
+
+<p>
+Equality (<code>==</code>) first compares the type of its operands.
+If the types are different, then the result is <b>false</b>.
+Otherwise, the values of the operands are compared.
+Numbers and strings are compared in the usual way.
+Tables, userdata, and threads
+are compared by reference:
+two objects are considered equal only if they are the same object.
+Every time you create a new object
+(a table, userdata, or thread),
+this new object is different from any previously existing object.
+Closures with the same reference are always equal.
+Closures with any detectable difference
+(different behavior, different definition) are always different.
+
+
+<p>
+You can change the way that Lua compares tables and userdata
+by using the "eq" metamethod (see <a href="#2.4">§2.4</a>).
+
+
+<p>
+The conversion rules of <a href="#3.4.2">§3.4.2</a>
+do not apply to equality comparisons.
+Thus, <code>"0"==0</code> evaluates to <b>false</b>,
+and <code>t[0]</code> and <code>t["0"]</code> denote different
+entries in a table.
+
+
+<p>
+The operator <code>~=</code> is exactly the negation of equality (<code>==</code>).
+
+
+<p>
+The order operators work as follows.
+If both arguments are numbers, then they are compared as such.
+Otherwise, if both arguments are strings,
+then their values are compared according to the current locale.
+Otherwise, Lua tries to call the "lt" or the "le"
+metamethod (see <a href="#2.4">§2.4</a>).
+A comparison <code>a > b</code> is translated to <code>b < a</code>
+and <code>a >= b</code> is translated to <code>b <= a</code>.
+
+
+
+
+
+<h3>3.4.4 – <a name="3.4.4">Logical Operators</a></h3><p>
+The logical operators in Lua are
+<b>and</b>, <b>or</b>, and <b>not</b>.
+Like the control structures (see <a href="#3.3.4">§3.3.4</a>),
+all logical operators consider both <b>false</b> and <b>nil</b> as false
+and anything else as true.
+
+
+<p>
+The negation operator <b>not</b> always returns <b>false</b> or <b>true</b>.
+The conjunction operator <b>and</b> returns its first argument
+if this value is <b>false</b> or <b>nil</b>;
+otherwise, <b>and</b> returns its second argument.
+The disjunction operator <b>or</b> returns its first argument
+if this value is different from <b>nil</b> and <b>false</b>;
+otherwise, <b>or</b> returns its second argument.
+Both <b>and</b> and <b>or</b> use short-cut evaluation;
+that is,
+the second operand is evaluated only if necessary.
+Here are some examples:
+
+<pre>
+ 10 or 20 --> 10
+ 10 or error() --> 10
+ nil or "a" --> "a"
+ nil and 10 --> nil
+ false and error() --> false
+ false and nil --> false
+ false or nil --> nil
+ 10 and 20 --> 20
+</pre><p>
+(In this manual,
+<code>--></code> indicates the result of the preceding expression.)
+
+
+
+
+
+<h3>3.4.5 – <a name="3.4.5">Concatenation</a></h3><p>
+The string concatenation operator in Lua is
+denoted by two dots ('<code>..</code>').
+If both operands are strings or numbers, then they are converted to
+strings according to the rules mentioned in <a href="#3.4.2">§3.4.2</a>.
+Otherwise, the <code>__concat</code> metamethod is called (see <a href="#2.4">§2.4</a>).
+
+
+
+
+
+<h3>3.4.6 – <a name="3.4.6">The Length Operator</a></h3>
+
+<p>
+The length operator is denoted by the unary prefix operator <code>#</code>.
+The length of a string is its number of bytes
+(that is, the usual meaning of string length when each
+character is one byte).
+
+
+<p>
+A program can modify the behavior of the length operator for
+any value but strings through the <code>__len</code> metamethod (see <a href="#2.4">§2.4</a>).
+
+
+<p>
+Unless a <code>__len</code> metamethod is given,
+the length of a table <code>t</code> is only defined if the
+table is a <em>sequence</em>,
+that is,
+the set of its positive numeric keys is equal to <em>{1..n}</em>
+for some integer <em>n</em>.
+In that case, <em>n</em> is its length.
+Note that a table like
+
+<pre>
+ {10, 20, nil, 40}
+</pre><p>
+is not a sequence, because it has the key <code>4</code>
+but does not have the key <code>3</code>.
+(So, there is no <em>n</em> such that the set <em>{1..n}</em> is equal
+to the set of positive numeric keys of that table.)
+Note, however, that non-numeric keys do not interfere
+with whether a table is a sequence.
+
+
+
+
+
+<h3>3.4.7 – <a name="3.4.7">Precedence</a></h3><p>
+Operator precedence in Lua follows the table below,
+from lower to higher priority:
+
+<pre>
+ or
+ and
+ < > <= >= ~= ==
+ ..
+ + -
+ * / %
+ not # - (unary)
+ ^
+</pre><p>
+As usual,
+you can use parentheses to change the precedences of an expression.
+The concatenation ('<code>..</code>') and exponentiation ('<code>^</code>')
+operators are right associative.
+All other binary operators are left associative.
+
+
+
+
+
+<h3>3.4.8 – <a name="3.4.8">Table Constructors</a></h3><p>
+Table constructors are expressions that create tables.
+Every time a constructor is evaluated, a new table is created.
+A constructor can be used to create an empty table
+or to create a table and initialize some of its fields.
+The general syntax for constructors is
+
+<pre>
+ tableconstructor ::= ‘<b>{</b>’ [fieldlist] ‘<b>}</b>’
+ fieldlist ::= field {fieldsep field} [fieldsep]
+ field ::= ‘<b>[</b>’ exp ‘<b>]</b>’ ‘<b>=</b>’ exp | Name ‘<b>=</b>’ exp | exp
+ fieldsep ::= ‘<b>,</b>’ | ‘<b>;</b>’
+</pre>
+
+<p>
+Each field of the form <code>[exp1] = exp2</code> adds to the new table an entry
+with key <code>exp1</code> and value <code>exp2</code>.
+A field of the form <code>name = exp</code> is equivalent to
+<code>["name"] = exp</code>.
+Finally, fields of the form <code>exp</code> are equivalent to
+<code>[i] = exp</code>, where <code>i</code> are consecutive numerical integers,
+starting with 1.
+Fields in the other formats do not affect this counting.
+For example,
+
+<pre>
+ a = { [f(1)] = g; "x", "y"; x = 1, f(x), [30] = 23; 45 }
+</pre><p>
+is equivalent to
+
+<pre>
+ do
+ local t = {}
+ t[f(1)] = g
+ t[1] = "x" -- 1st exp
+ t[2] = "y" -- 2nd exp
+ t.x = 1 -- t["x"] = 1
+ t[3] = f(x) -- 3rd exp
+ t[30] = 23
+ t[4] = 45 -- 4th exp
+ a = t
+ end
+</pre>
+
+<p>
+If the last field in the list has the form <code>exp</code>
+and the expression is a function call or a vararg expression,
+then all values returned by this expression enter the list consecutively
+(see <a href="#3.4.9">§3.4.9</a>).
+
+
+<p>
+The field list can have an optional trailing separator,
+as a convenience for machine-generated code.
+
+
+
+
+
+<h3>3.4.9 – <a name="3.4.9">Function Calls</a></h3><p>
+A function call in Lua has the following syntax:
+
+<pre>
+ functioncall ::= prefixexp args
+</pre><p>
+In a function call,
+first prefixexp and args are evaluated.
+If the value of prefixexp has type <em>function</em>,
+then this function is called
+with the given arguments.
+Otherwise, the prefixexp "call" metamethod is called,
+having as first parameter the value of prefixexp,
+followed by the original call arguments
+(see <a href="#2.4">§2.4</a>).
+
+
+<p>
+The form
+
+<pre>
+ functioncall ::= prefixexp ‘<b>:</b>’ Name args
+</pre><p>
+can be used to call "methods".
+A call <code>v:name(<em>args</em>)</code>
+is syntactic sugar for <code>v.name(v,<em>args</em>)</code>,
+except that <code>v</code> is evaluated only once.
+
+
+<p>
+Arguments have the following syntax:
+
+<pre>
+ args ::= ‘<b>(</b>’ [explist] ‘<b>)</b>’
+ args ::= tableconstructor
+ args ::= String
+</pre><p>
+All argument expressions are evaluated before the call.
+A call of the form <code>f{<em>fields</em>}</code> is
+syntactic sugar for <code>f({<em>fields</em>})</code>;
+that is, the argument list is a single new table.
+A call of the form <code>f'<em>string</em>'</code>
+(or <code>f"<em>string</em>"</code> or <code>f[[<em>string</em>]]</code>)
+is syntactic sugar for <code>f('<em>string</em>')</code>;
+that is, the argument list is a single literal string.
+
+
+<p>
+A call of the form <code>return <em>functioncall</em></code> is called
+a <em>tail call</em>.
+Lua implements <em>proper tail calls</em>
+(or <em>proper tail recursion</em>):
+in a tail call,
+the called function reuses the stack entry of the calling function.
+Therefore, there is no limit on the number of nested tail calls that
+a program can execute.
+However, a tail call erases any debug information about the
+calling function.
+Note that a tail call only happens with a particular syntax,
+where the <b>return</b> has one single function call as argument;
+this syntax makes the calling function return exactly
+the returns of the called function.
+So, none of the following examples are tail calls:
+
+<pre>
+ return (f(x)) -- results adjusted to 1
+ return 2 * f(x)
+ return x, f(x) -- additional results
+ f(x); return -- results discarded
+ return x or f(x) -- results adjusted to 1
+</pre>
+
+
+
+
+<h3>3.4.10 – <a name="3.4.10">Function Definitions</a></h3>
+
+<p>
+The syntax for function definition is
+
+<pre>
+ functiondef ::= <b>function</b> funcbody
+ funcbody ::= ‘<b>(</b>’ [parlist] ‘<b>)</b>’ block <b>end</b>
+</pre>
+
+<p>
+The following syntactic sugar simplifies function definitions:
+
+<pre>
+ stat ::= <b>function</b> funcname funcbody
+ stat ::= <b>local</b> <b>function</b> Name funcbody
+ funcname ::= Name {‘<b>.</b>’ Name} [‘<b>:</b>’ Name]
+</pre><p>
+The statement
+
+<pre>
+ function f () <em>body</em> end
+</pre><p>
+translates to
+
+<pre>
+ f = function () <em>body</em> end
+</pre><p>
+The statement
+
+<pre>
+ function t.a.b.c.f () <em>body</em> end
+</pre><p>
+translates to
+
+<pre>
+ t.a.b.c.f = function () <em>body</em> end
+</pre><p>
+The statement
+
+<pre>
+ local function f () <em>body</em> end
+</pre><p>
+translates to
+
+<pre>
+ local f; f = function () <em>body</em> end
+</pre><p>
+not to
+
+<pre>
+ local f = function () <em>body</em> end
+</pre><p>
+(This only makes a difference when the body of the function
+contains references to <code>f</code>.)
+
+
+<p>
+A function definition is an executable expression,
+whose value has type <em>function</em>.
+When Lua precompiles a chunk,
+all its function bodies are precompiled too.
+Then, whenever Lua executes the function definition,
+the function is <em>instantiated</em> (or <em>closed</em>).
+This function instance (or <em>closure</em>)
+is the final value of the expression.
+
+
+<p>
+Parameters act as local variables that are
+initialized with the argument values:
+
+<pre>
+ parlist ::= namelist [‘<b>,</b>’ ‘<b>...</b>’] | ‘<b>...</b>’
+</pre><p>
+When a function is called,
+the list of arguments is adjusted to
+the length of the list of parameters,
+unless the function is a <em>vararg function</em>,
+which is indicated by three dots ('<code>...</code>')
+at the end of its parameter list.
+A vararg function does not adjust its argument list;
+instead, it collects all extra arguments and supplies them
+to the function through a <em>vararg expression</em>,
+which is also written as three dots.
+The value of this expression is a list of all actual extra arguments,
+similar to a function with multiple results.
+If a vararg expression is used inside another expression
+or in the middle of a list of expressions,
+then its return list is adjusted to one element.
+If the expression is used as the last element of a list of expressions,
+then no adjustment is made
+(unless that last expression is enclosed in parentheses).
+
+
+<p>
+As an example, consider the following definitions:
+
+<pre>
+ function f(a, b) end
+ function g(a, b, ...) end
+ function r() return 1,2,3 end
+</pre><p>
+Then, we have the following mapping from arguments to parameters and
+to the vararg expression:
+
+<pre>
+ CALL PARAMETERS
+
+ f(3) a=3, b=nil
+ f(3, 4) a=3, b=4
+ f(3, 4, 5) a=3, b=4
+ f(r(), 10) a=1, b=10
+ f(r()) a=1, b=2
+
+ g(3) a=3, b=nil, ... --> (nothing)
+ g(3, 4) a=3, b=4, ... --> (nothing)
+ g(3, 4, 5, 8) a=3, b=4, ... --> 5 8
+ g(5, r()) a=5, b=1, ... --> 2 3
+</pre>
+
+<p>
+Results are returned using the <b>return</b> statement (see <a href="#3.3.4">§3.3.4</a>).
+If control reaches the end of a function
+without encountering a <b>return</b> statement,
+then the function returns with no results.
+
+
+<p>
+
+There is a system-dependent limit on the number of values
+that a function may return.
+This limit is guaranteed to be larger than 1000.
+
+
+<p>
+The <em>colon</em> syntax
+is used for defining <em>methods</em>,
+that is, functions that have an implicit extra parameter <code>self</code>.
+Thus, the statement
+
+<pre>
+ function t.a.b.c:f (<em>params</em>) <em>body</em> end
+</pre><p>
+is syntactic sugar for
+
+<pre>
+ t.a.b.c.f = function (self, <em>params</em>) <em>body</em> end
+</pre>
+
+
+
+
+
+
+<h2>3.5 – <a name="3.5">Visibility Rules</a></h2>
+
+<p>
+
+Lua is a lexically scoped language.
+The scope of a local variable begins at the first statement after
+its declaration and lasts until the last non-void statement
+of the innermost block that includes the declaration.
+Consider the following example:
+
+<pre>
+ x = 10 -- global variable
+ do -- new block
+ local x = x -- new 'x', with value 10
+ print(x) --> 10
+ x = x+1
+ do -- another block
+ local x = x+1 -- another 'x'
+ print(x) --> 12
+ end
+ print(x) --> 11
+ end
+ print(x) --> 10 (the global one)
+</pre>
+
+<p>
+Notice that, in a declaration like <code>local x = x</code>,
+the new <code>x</code> being declared is not in scope yet,
+and so the second <code>x</code> refers to the outside variable.
+
+
+<p>
+Because of the lexical scoping rules,
+local variables can be freely accessed by functions
+defined inside their scope.
+A local variable used by an inner function is called
+an <em>upvalue</em>, or <em>external local variable</em>,
+inside the inner function.
+
+
+<p>
+Notice that each execution of a <b>local</b> statement
+defines new local variables.
+Consider the following example:
+
+<pre>
+ a = {}
+ local x = 20
+ for i=1,10 do
+ local y = 0
+ a[i] = function () y=y+1; return x+y end
+ end
+</pre><p>
+The loop creates ten closures
+(that is, ten instances of the anonymous function).
+Each of these closures uses a different <code>y</code> variable,
+while all of them share the same <code>x</code>.
+
+
+
+
+
+<h1>4 – <a name="4">The Application Program Interface</a></h1>
+
+<p>
+
+This section describes the C API for Lua, that is,
+the set of C functions available to the host program to communicate
+with Lua.
+All API functions and related types and constants
+are declared in the header file <a name="pdf-lua.h"><code>lua.h</code></a>.
+
+
+<p>
+Even when we use the term "function",
+any facility in the API may be provided as a macro instead.
+Except where stated otherwise,
+all such macros use each of their arguments exactly once
+(except for the first argument, which is always a Lua state),
+and so do not generate any hidden side-effects.
+
+
+<p>
+As in most C libraries,
+the Lua API functions do not check their arguments for validity or consistency.
+However, you can change this behavior by compiling Lua
+with the macro <a name="pdf-LUA_USE_APICHECK"><code>LUA_USE_APICHECK</code></a> defined.
+
+
+
+<h2>4.1 – <a name="4.1">The Stack</a></h2>
+
+<p>
+Lua uses a <em>virtual stack</em> to pass values to and from C.
+Each element in this stack represents a Lua value
+(<b>nil</b>, number, string, etc.).
+
+
+<p>
+Whenever Lua calls C, the called function gets a new stack,
+which is independent of previous stacks and of stacks of
+C functions that are still active.
+This stack initially contains any arguments to the C function
+and it is where the C function pushes its results
+to be returned to the caller (see <a href="#lua_CFunction"><code>lua_CFunction</code></a>).
+
+
+<p>
+For convenience,
+most query operations in the API do not follow a strict stack discipline.
+Instead, they can refer to any element in the stack
+by using an <em>index</em>:
+A positive index represents an absolute stack position
+(starting at 1);
+a negative index represents an offset relative to the top of the stack.
+More specifically, if the stack has <em>n</em> elements,
+then index 1 represents the first element
+(that is, the element that was pushed onto the stack first)
+and
+index <em>n</em> represents the last element;
+index -1 also represents the last element
+(that is, the element at the top)
+and index <em>-n</em> represents the first element.
+
+
+
+
+
+<h2>4.2 – <a name="4.2">Stack Size</a></h2>
+
+<p>
+When you interact with the Lua API,
+you are responsible for ensuring consistency.
+In particular,
+<em>you are responsible for controlling stack overflow</em>.
+You can use the function <a href="#lua_checkstack"><code>lua_checkstack</code></a>
+to ensure that the stack has extra slots when pushing new elements.
+
+
+<p>
+Whenever Lua calls C,
+it ensures that the stack has at least <a name="pdf-LUA_MINSTACK"><code>LUA_MINSTACK</code></a> extra slots.
+<code>LUA_MINSTACK</code> is defined as 20,
+so that usually you do not have to worry about stack space
+unless your code has loops pushing elements onto the stack.
+
+
+<p>
+When you call a Lua function
+without a fixed number of results (see <a href="#lua_call"><code>lua_call</code></a>),
+Lua ensures that the stack has enough size for all results,
+but it does not ensure any extra space.
+So, before pushing anything in the stack after such a call
+you should use <a href="#lua_checkstack"><code>lua_checkstack</code></a>.
+
+
+
+
+
+<h2>4.3 – <a name="4.3">Valid and Acceptable Indices</a></h2>
+
+<p>
+Any function in the API that receives stack indices
+works only with <em>valid indices</em> or <em>acceptable indices</em>.
+
+
+<p>
+A <em>valid index</em> is an index that refers to a
+valid position within the stack, that is,
+it lies between 1 and the stack top
+(<code>1 ≤ abs(index) ≤ top</code>).
+
+Usually, functions that need a specific stack position
+(e.g., <a href="#lua_remove"><code>lua_remove</code></a>) require valid indices.
+
+
+<p>
+Functions that do not need a specific stack position,
+but only a value in the stack (e.g., query functions),
+can be called with acceptable indices.
+An <em>acceptable index</em> refers to a position within
+the space allocated for the stack,
+that is, indices up to the stack size.
+More formally, we define an acceptable index
+as follows:
+
+<pre>
+ (index < 0 && abs(index) <= top) ||
+ (index > 0 && index <= stack size)
+</pre><p>
+(Note that 0 is never an acceptable index.)
+When a function is called,
+its stack size is <code>top + LUA_MINSTACK</code>.
+You can change its stack size through function <a href="#lua_checkstack"><code>lua_checkstack</code></a>.
+
+
+<p>
+Acceptable indices serve to avoid extra tests
+against the stack top when querying the stack.
+For instance, a C function can query its third argument
+without the need to first check whether there is a third argument,
+that is, without the need to check whether 3 is a valid index.
+
+
+<p>
+For functions that can be called with acceptable indices,
+any non-valid index is treated as if it
+contains a value of a virtual type <a name="pdf-LUA_TNONE"><code>LUA_TNONE</code></a>.
+
+
+<p>
+Unless otherwise noted,
+any function that accepts valid indices also accepts <em>pseudo-indices</em>,
+which represent some Lua values that are accessible to C code
+but which are not in the stack.
+Pseudo-indices are used to access the registry
+and the upvalues of a C function (see <a href="#4.4">§4.4</a>).
+
+
+
+
+
+<h2>4.4 – <a name="4.4">C Closures</a></h2>
+
+<p>
+When a C function is created,
+it is possible to associate some values with it,
+thus creating a <em>C closure</em>
+(see <a href="#lua_pushcclosure"><code>lua_pushcclosure</code></a>);
+these values are called <em>upvalues</em> and are
+accessible to the function whenever it is called.
+
+
+<p>
+Whenever a C function is called,
+its upvalues are located at specific pseudo-indices.
+These pseudo-indices are produced by the macro
+<a name="lua_upvalueindex"><code>lua_upvalueindex</code></a>.
+The first value associated with a function is at position
+<code>lua_upvalueindex(1)</code>, and so on.
+Any access to <code>lua_upvalueindex(<em>n</em>)</code>,
+where <em>n</em> is greater than the number of upvalues of the
+current function (but not greater than 256),
+produces an acceptable (but invalid) index.
+
+
+
+
+
+<h2>4.5 – <a name="4.5">Registry</a></h2>
+
+<p>
+Lua provides a <em>registry</em>,
+a predefined table that can be used by any C code to
+store whatever Lua values it needs to store.
+The registry table is always located at pseudo-index
+<a name="pdf-LUA_REGISTRYINDEX"><code>LUA_REGISTRYINDEX</code></a>.
+Any C library can store data into this table,
+but it should take care to choose keys
+that are different from those used
+by other libraries, to avoid collisions.
+Typically, you should use as key a string containing your library name,
+or a light userdata with the address of a C object in your code,
+or any Lua object created by your code.
+As with global names,
+string keys starting with an underscore followed by
+uppercase letters are reserved for Lua.
+
+
+<p>
+The integer keys in the registry are used by the reference mechanism,
+implemented by the auxiliary library,
+and by some predefined values.
+Therefore, integer keys should not be used for other purposes.
+
+
+<p>
+When you create a new Lua state,
+its registry comes with some predefined values.
+These predefined values are indexed with integer keys
+defined as constants in <code>lua.h</code>.
+The following constants are defined:
+
+<ul>
+<li><b><a name="pdf-LUA_RIDX_MAINTHREAD"><code>LUA_RIDX_MAINTHREAD</code></a>: </b> At this index the registry has
+the main thread of the state.
+(The main thread is the one created together with the state.)
+</li>
+
+<li><b><a name="pdf-LUA_RIDX_GLOBALS"><code>LUA_RIDX_GLOBALS</code></a>: </b> At this index the registry has
+the global environment.
+</li>
+</ul>
+
+
+
+
+<h2>4.6 – <a name="4.6">Error Handling in C</a></h2>
+
+<p>
+Internally, Lua uses the C <code>longjmp</code> facility to handle errors.
+(You can also choose to use exceptions if you use C++;
+see file <code>luaconf.h</code>.)
+When Lua faces any error
+(such as a memory allocation error, type errors, syntax errors,
+and runtime errors)
+it <em>raises</em> an error;
+that is, it does a long jump.
+A <em>protected environment</em> uses <code>setjmp</code>
+to set a recovery point;
+any error jumps to the most recent active recovery point.
+
+
+<p>
+If an error happens outside any protected environment,
+Lua calls a <em>panic function</em> (see <a href="#lua_atpanic"><code>lua_atpanic</code></a>)
+and then calls <code>abort</code>,
+thus exiting the host application.
+Your panic function can avoid this exit by
+never returning
+(e.g., doing a long jump to your own recovery point outside Lua).
+
+
+<p>
+The panic function runs as if it were a message handler (see <a href="#2.3">§2.3</a>);
+in particular, the error message is at the top of the stack.
+However, there is no guarantees about stack space.
+To push anything on the stack,
+the panic function should first check the available space (see <a href="#4.2">§4.2</a>).
+
+
+<p>
+Most functions in the API can throw an error,
+for instance due to a memory allocation error.
+The documentation for each function indicates whether
+it can throw errors.
+
+
+<p>
+Inside a C function you can throw an error by calling <a href="#lua_error"><code>lua_error</code></a>.
+
+
+
+
+
+<h2>4.7 – <a name="4.7">Handling Yields in C</a></h2>
+
+<p>
+Internally, Lua uses the C <code>longjmp</code> facility to yield a coroutine.
+Therefore, if a function <code>foo</code> calls an API function
+and this API function yields
+(directly or indirectly by calling another function that yields),
+Lua cannot return to <code>foo</code> any more,
+because the <code>longjmp</code> removes its frame from the C stack.
+
+
+<p>
+To avoid this kind of problem,
+Lua raises an error whenever it tries to yield across an API call,
+except for three functions:
+<a href="#lua_yieldk"><code>lua_yieldk</code></a>, <a href="#lua_callk"><code>lua_callk</code></a>, and <a href="#lua_pcallk"><code>lua_pcallk</code></a>.
+All those functions receive a <em>continuation function</em>
+(as a parameter called <code>k</code>) to continue execution after a yield.
+
+
+<p>
+We need to set some terminology to explain continuations.
+We have a C function called from Lua which we will call
+the <em>original function</em>.
+This original function then calls one of those three functions in the C API,
+which we will call the <em>callee function</em>,
+that then yields the current thread.
+(This can happen when the callee function is <a href="#lua_yieldk"><code>lua_yieldk</code></a>,
+or when the callee function is either <a href="#lua_callk"><code>lua_callk</code></a> or <a href="#lua_pcallk"><code>lua_pcallk</code></a>
+and the function called by them yields.)
+
+
+<p>
+Suppose the running thread yields while executing the callee function.
+After the thread resumes,
+it eventually will finish running the callee function.
+However,
+the callee function cannot return to the original function,
+because its frame in the C stack was destroyed by the yield.
+Instead, Lua calls a <em>continuation function</em>,
+which was given as an argument to the callee function.
+As the name implies,
+the continuation function should continue the task
+of the original function.
+
+
+<p>
+Lua treats the continuation function as if it were the original function.
+The continuation function receives the same Lua stack
+from the original function,
+in the same state it would be if the callee function had returned.
+(For instance,
+after a <a href="#lua_callk"><code>lua_callk</code></a> the function and its arguments are
+removed from the stack and replaced by the results from the call.)
+It also has the same upvalues.
+Whatever it returns is handled by Lua as if it were the return
+of the original function.
+
+
+<p>
+The only difference in the Lua state between the original function
+and its continuation is the result of a call to <a href="#lua_getctx"><code>lua_getctx</code></a>.
+
+
+
+
+
+<h2>4.8 – <a name="4.8">Functions and Types</a></h2>
+
+<p>
+Here we list all functions and types from the C API in
+alphabetical order.
+Each function has an indicator like this:
+<span class="apii">[-o, +p, <em>x</em>]</span>
+
+
+<p>
+The first field, <code>o</code>,
+is how many elements the function pops from the stack.
+The second field, <code>p</code>,
+is how many elements the function pushes onto the stack.
+(Any function always pushes its results after popping its arguments.)
+A field in the form <code>x|y</code> means the function can push (or pop)
+<code>x</code> or <code>y</code> elements,
+depending on the situation;
+an interrogation mark '<code>?</code>' means that
+we cannot know how many elements the function pops/pushes
+by looking only at its arguments
+(e.g., they may depend on what is on the stack).
+The third field, <code>x</code>,
+tells whether the function may throw errors:
+'<code>-</code>' means the function never throws any error;
+'<code>m</code>' means the function may throw only memory allocation errors;
+'<code>e</code>' means the function may throw other kinds of errors;
+'<code>v</code>' means the function may throw an error on purpose.
+
+
+
+<hr><h3><a name="lua_absindex"><code>lua_absindex</code></a></h3><p>
+<span class="apii">[-0, +0, –]</span>
+<pre>int lua_absindex (lua_State *L, int idx);</pre>
+
+<p>
+Converts the acceptable index <code>idx</code> into an absolute index
+(that is, one that does not depend on the stack top).
+
+
+
+
+
+<hr><h3><a name="lua_Alloc"><code>lua_Alloc</code></a></h3>
+<pre>typedef void * (*lua_Alloc) (void *ud,
+ void *ptr,
+ size_t osize,
+ size_t nsize);</pre>
+
+<p>
+The type of the memory-allocation function used by Lua states.
+The allocator function must provide a
+functionality similar to <code>realloc</code>,
+but not exactly the same.
+Its arguments are
+<code>ud</code>, an opaque pointer passed to <a href="#lua_newstate"><code>lua_newstate</code></a>;
+<code>ptr</code>, a pointer to the block being allocated/reallocated/freed;
+<code>osize</code>, the original size of the block or some code about what
+is being allocated;
+<code>nsize</code>, the new size of the block.
+
+
+<p>
+When <code>ptr</code> is not <code>NULL</code>,
+<code>osize</code> is the size of the block pointed by <code>ptr</code>,
+that is, the size given when it was allocated or reallocated.
+
+
+<p>
+When <code>ptr</code> is <code>NULL</code>,
+<code>osize</code> encodes the kind of object that Lua is allocating.
+<code>osize</code> is any of
+<a href="#pdf-LUA_TSTRING"><code>LUA_TSTRING</code></a>, <a href="#pdf-LUA_TTABLE"><code>LUA_TTABLE</code></a>, <a href="#pdf-LUA_TFUNCTION"><code>LUA_TFUNCTION</code></a>,
+<a href="#pdf-LUA_TUSERDATA"><code>LUA_TUSERDATA</code></a>, or <a href="#pdf-LUA_TTHREAD"><code>LUA_TTHREAD</code></a> when (and only when)
+Lua is creating a new object of that type.
+When <code>osize</code> is some other value,
+Lua is allocating memory for something else.
+
+
+<p>
+Lua assumes the following behavior from the allocator function:
+
+
+<p>
+When <code>nsize</code> is zero,
+the allocator should behave like <code>free</code>
+and return <code>NULL</code>.
+
+
+<p>
+When <code>nsize</code> is not zero,
+the allocator should behave like <code>realloc</code>.
+The allocator returns <code>NULL</code>
+if and only if it cannot fulfill the request.
+Lua assumes that the allocator never fails when
+<code>osize >= nsize</code>.
+
+
+<p>
+Here is a simple implementation for the allocator function.
+It is used in the auxiliary library by <a href="#luaL_newstate"><code>luaL_newstate</code></a>.
+
+<pre>
+ static void *l_alloc (void *ud, void *ptr, size_t osize,
+ size_t nsize) {
+ (void)ud; (void)osize; /* not used */
+ if (nsize == 0) {
+ free(ptr);
+ return NULL;
+ }
+ else
+ return realloc(ptr, nsize);
+ }
+</pre><p>
+Note that Standard C ensures
+that <code>free(NULL)</code> has no effect and that
+<code>realloc(NULL, size)</code> is equivalent to <code>malloc(size)</code>.
+This code assumes that <code>realloc</code> does not fail when shrinking a block.
+(Although Standard C does not ensure this behavior,
+it seems to be a safe assumption.)
+
+
+
+
+
+<hr><h3><a name="lua_arith"><code>lua_arith</code></a></h3><p>
+<span class="apii">[-(2|1), +1, <em>e</em>]</span>
+<pre>int lua_arith (lua_State *L, int op);</pre>
+
+<p>
+Performs an arithmetic operation over the two values
+(or one, in the case of negation)
+at the top of the stack,
+with the value at the top being the second operand,
+pops these values, and pushes the result of the operation.
+The function follows the semantics of the corresponding Lua operator
+(that is, it may call metamethods).
+
+
+<p>
+The value of <code>op</code> must be one of the following constants:
+
+<ul>
+
+<li><b><a name="pdf-LUA_OPADD"><code>LUA_OPADD</code></a>: </b> performs addition (<code>+</code>)</li>
+<li><b><a name="pdf-LUA_OPSUB"><code>LUA_OPSUB</code></a>: </b> performs subtraction (<code>-</code>)</li>
+<li><b><a name="pdf-LUA_OPMUL"><code>LUA_OPMUL</code></a>: </b> performs multiplication (<code>*</code>)</li>
+<li><b><a name="pdf-LUA_OPDIV"><code>LUA_OPDIV</code></a>: </b> performs division (<code>/</code>)</li>
+<li><b><a name="pdf-LUA_OPMOD"><code>LUA_OPMOD</code></a>: </b> performs modulo (<code>%</code>)</li>
+<li><b><a name="pdf-LUA_OPPOW"><code>LUA_OPPOW</code></a>: </b> performs exponentiation (<code>^</code>)</li>
+<li><b><a name="pdf-LUA_OPUNM"><code>LUA_OPUNM</code></a>: </b> performs mathematical negation (unary <code>-</code>)</li>
+
+</ul>
+
+
+
+
+<hr><h3><a name="lua_atpanic"><code>lua_atpanic</code></a></h3><p>
+<span class="apii">[-0, +0, –]</span>
+<pre>lua_CFunction lua_atpanic (lua_State *L, lua_CFunction panicf);</pre>
+
+<p>
+Sets a new panic function and returns the old one (see <a href="#4.6">§4.6</a>).
+
+
+
+
+
+<hr><h3><a name="lua_call"><code>lua_call</code></a></h3><p>
+<span class="apii">[-(nargs+1), +nresults, <em>e</em>]</span>
+<pre>void lua_call (lua_State *L, int nargs, int nresults);</pre>
+
+<p>
+Calls a function.
+
+
+<p>
+To call a function you must use the following protocol:
+first, the function to be called is pushed onto the stack;
+then, the arguments to the function are pushed
+in direct order;
+that is, the first argument is pushed first.
+Finally you call <a href="#lua_call"><code>lua_call</code></a>;
+<code>nargs</code> is the number of arguments that you pushed onto the stack.
+All arguments and the function value are popped from the stack
+when the function is called.
+The function results are pushed onto the stack when the function returns.
+The number of results is adjusted to <code>nresults</code>,
+unless <code>nresults</code> is <a name="pdf-LUA_MULTRET"><code>LUA_MULTRET</code></a>.
+In this case, all results from the function are pushed.
+Lua takes care that the returned values fit into the stack space.
+The function results are pushed onto the stack in direct order
+(the first result is pushed first),
+so that after the call the last result is on the top of the stack.
+
+
+<p>
+Any error inside the called function is propagated upwards
+(with a <code>longjmp</code>).
+
+
+<p>
+The following example shows how the host program can do the
+equivalent to this Lua code:
+
+<pre>
+ a = f("how", t.x, 14)
+</pre><p>
+Here it is in C:
+
+<pre>
+ lua_getglobal(L, "f"); /* function to be called */
+ lua_pushstring(L, "how"); /* 1st argument */
+ lua_getglobal(L, "t"); /* table to be indexed */
+ lua_getfield(L, -1, "x"); /* push result of t.x (2nd arg) */
+ lua_remove(L, -2); /* remove 't' from the stack */
+ lua_pushinteger(L, 14); /* 3rd argument */
+ lua_call(L, 3, 1); /* call 'f' with 3 arguments and 1 result */
+ lua_setglobal(L, "a"); /* set global 'a' */
+</pre><p>
+Note that the code above is "balanced":
+at its end, the stack is back to its original configuration.
+This is considered good programming practice.
+
+
+
+
+
+<hr><h3><a name="lua_callk"><code>lua_callk</code></a></h3><p>
+<span class="apii">[-(nargs + 1), +nresults, <em>e</em>]</span>
+<pre>void lua_callk (lua_State *L, int nargs, int nresults, int ctx,
+ lua_CFunction k);</pre>
+
+<p>
+This function behaves exactly like <a href="#lua_call"><code>lua_call</code></a>,
+but allows the called function to yield (see <a href="#4.7">§4.7</a>).
+
+
+
+
+
+<hr><h3><a name="lua_CFunction"><code>lua_CFunction</code></a></h3>
+<pre>typedef int (*lua_CFunction) (lua_State *L);</pre>
+
+<p>
+Type for C functions.
+
+
+<p>
+In order to communicate properly with Lua,
+a C function must use the following protocol,
+which defines the way parameters and results are passed:
+a C function receives its arguments from Lua in its stack
+in direct order (the first argument is pushed first).
+So, when the function starts,
+<code>lua_gettop(L)</code> returns the number of arguments received by the function.
+The first argument (if any) is at index 1
+and its last argument is at index <code>lua_gettop(L)</code>.
+To return values to Lua, a C function just pushes them onto the stack,
+in direct order (the first result is pushed first),
+and returns the number of results.
+Any other value in the stack below the results will be properly
+discarded by Lua.
+Like a Lua function, a C function called by Lua can also return
+many results.
+
+
+<p>
+As an example, the following function receives a variable number
+of numerical arguments and returns their average and sum:
+
+<pre>
+ static int foo (lua_State *L) {
+ int n = lua_gettop(L); /* number of arguments */
+ lua_Number sum = 0;
+ int i;
+ for (i = 1; i <= n; i++) {
+ if (!lua_isnumber(L, i)) {
+ lua_pushstring(L, "incorrect argument");
+ lua_error(L);
+ }
+ sum += lua_tonumber(L, i);
+ }
+ lua_pushnumber(L, sum/n); /* first result */
+ lua_pushnumber(L, sum); /* second result */
+ return 2; /* number of results */
+ }
+</pre>
+
+
+
+
+<hr><h3><a name="lua_checkstack"><code>lua_checkstack</code></a></h3><p>
+<span class="apii">[-0, +0, –]</span>
+<pre>int lua_checkstack (lua_State *L, int extra);</pre>
+
+<p>
+Ensures that there are at least <code>extra</code> free stack slots in the stack.
+It returns false if it cannot fulfill the request,
+because it would cause the stack to be larger than a fixed maximum size
+(typically at least a few thousand elements) or
+because it cannot allocate memory for the new stack size.
+This function never shrinks the stack;
+if the stack is already larger than the new size,
+it is left unchanged.
+
+
+
+
+
+<hr><h3><a name="lua_close"><code>lua_close</code></a></h3><p>
+<span class="apii">[-0, +0, –]</span>
+<pre>void lua_close (lua_State *L);</pre>
+
+<p>
+Destroys all objects in the given Lua state
+(calling the corresponding garbage-collection metamethods, if any)
+and frees all dynamic memory used by this state.
+On several platforms, you may not need to call this function,
+because all resources are naturally released when the host program ends.
+On the other hand, long-running programs that create multiple states,
+such as daemons or web servers,
+might need to close states as soon as they are not needed.
+
+
+
+
+
+<hr><h3><a name="lua_compare"><code>lua_compare</code></a></h3><p>
+<span class="apii">[-0, +0, <em>e</em>]</span>
+<pre>int lua_compare (lua_State *L, int index1, int index2, int op);</pre>
+
+<p>
+Compares two Lua values.
+Returns 1 if the value at acceptable index <code>index1</code> satisfies <code>op</code>
+when compared with the value at acceptable index <code>index2</code>,
+following the semantics of the corresponding Lua operator
+(that is, it may call metamethods).
+Otherwise returns 0.
+Also returns 0 if any of the indices is non valid.
+
+
+<p>
+The value of <code>op</code> must be one of the following constants:
+
+<ul>
+
+<li><b><a name="pdf-LUA_OPEQ"><code>LUA_OPEQ</code></a>: </b> compares for equality (<code>==</code>)</li>
+<li><b><a name="pdf-LUA_OPLT"><code>LUA_OPLT</code></a>: </b> compares for less than (<code><</code>)</li>
+<li><b><a name="pdf-LUA_OPLE"><code>LUA_OPLE</code></a>: </b> compares for less or equal (<code><=</code>)</li>
+
+</ul>
+
+
+
+
+<hr><h3><a name="lua_concat"><code>lua_concat</code></a></h3><p>
+<span class="apii">[-n, +1, <em>e</em>]</span>
+<pre>void lua_concat (lua_State *L, int n);</pre>
+
+<p>
+Concatenates the <code>n</code> values at the top of the stack,
+pops them, and leaves the result at the top.
+If <code>n</code> is 1, the result is the single value on the stack
+(that is, the function does nothing);
+if <code>n</code> is 0, the result is the empty string.
+Concatenation is performed following the usual semantics of Lua
+(see <a href="#3.4.5">§3.4.5</a>).
+
+
+
+
+
+<hr><h3><a name="lua_copy"><code>lua_copy</code></a></h3><p>
+<span class="apii">[-0, +0, –]</span>
+<pre>void lua_copy (lua_State *L, int fromidx, int toidx);</pre>
+
+<p>
+Moves the element at the valid index <code>fromidx</code>
+into the valid index <code>toidx</code>
+without shifting any element
+(therefore replacing the value at that position).
+
+
+
+
+
+<hr><h3><a name="lua_createtable"><code>lua_createtable</code></a></h3><p>
+<span class="apii">[-0, +1, <em>m</em>]</span>
+<pre>void lua_createtable (lua_State *L, int narr, int nrec);</pre>
+
+<p>
+Creates a new empty table and pushes it onto the stack.
+Parameter <code>narr</code> is a hint for how many elements the table
+will have as a sequence;
+parameter <code>nrec</code> is a hint for how many other elements
+the table will have.
+Lua may use these hints to preallocate memory for the new table.
+This pre-allocation is useful for performance when you know in advance
+how many elements the table will have.
+Otherwise you can use the function <a href="#lua_newtable"><code>lua_newtable</code></a>.
+
+
+
+
+
+<hr><h3><a name="lua_dump"><code>lua_dump</code></a></h3><p>
+<span class="apii">[-0, +0, <em>m</em>]</span>
+<pre>int lua_dump (lua_State *L, lua_Writer writer, void *data);</pre>
+
+<p>
+Dumps a function as a binary chunk.
+Receives a Lua function on the top of the stack
+and produces a binary chunk that,
+if loaded again,
+results in a function equivalent to the one dumped.
+As it produces parts of the chunk,
+<a href="#lua_dump"><code>lua_dump</code></a> calls function <code>writer</code> (see <a href="#lua_Writer"><code>lua_Writer</code></a>)
+with the given <code>data</code>
+to write them.
+
+
+<p>
+The value returned is the error code returned by the last
+call to the writer;
+0 means no errors.
+
+
+<p>
+This function does not pop the Lua function from the stack.
+
+
+
+
+
+<hr><h3><a name="lua_error"><code>lua_error</code></a></h3><p>
+<span class="apii">[-1, +0, <em>v</em>]</span>
+<pre>int lua_error (lua_State *L);</pre>
+
+<p>
+Generates a Lua error.
+The error message (which can actually be a Lua value of any type)
+must be on the stack top.
+This function does a long jump,
+and therefore never returns
+(see <a href="#luaL_error"><code>luaL_error</code></a>).
+
+
+
+
+
+<hr><h3><a name="lua_gc"><code>lua_gc</code></a></h3><p>
+<span class="apii">[-0, +0, <em>e</em>]</span>
+<pre>int lua_gc (lua_State *L, int what, int data);</pre>
+
+<p>
+Controls the garbage collector.
+
+
+<p>
+This function performs several tasks,
+according to the value of the parameter <code>what</code>:
+
+<ul>
+
+<li><b><code>LUA_GCSTOP</code>: </b>
+stops the garbage collector.
+</li>
+
+<li><b><code>LUA_GCRESTART</code>: </b>
+restarts the garbage collector.
+</li>
+
+<li><b><code>LUA_GCCOLLECT</code>: </b>
+performs a full garbage-collection cycle.
+</li>
+
+<li><b><code>LUA_GCCOUNT</code>: </b>
+returns the current amount of memory (in Kbytes) in use by Lua.
+</li>
+
+<li><b><code>LUA_GCCOUNTB</code>: </b>
+returns the remainder of dividing the current amount of bytes of
+memory in use by Lua by 1024.
+</li>
+
+<li><b><code>LUA_GCSTEP</code>: </b>
+performs an incremental step of garbage collection.
+The step "size" is controlled by <code>data</code>
+(larger values mean more steps) in a non-specified way.
+If you want to control the step size
+you must experimentally tune the value of <code>data</code>.
+The function returns 1 if the step finished a
+garbage-collection cycle.
+</li>
+
+<li><b><code>LUA_GCSETPAUSE</code>: </b>
+sets <code>data</code> as the new value
+for the <em>pause</em> of the collector (see <a href="#2.5">§2.5</a>).
+The function returns the previous value of the pause.
+</li>
+
+<li><b><code>LUA_GCSETSTEPMUL</code>: </b>
+sets <code>data</code> as the new value for the <em>step multiplier</em> of
+the collector (see <a href="#2.5">§2.5</a>).
+The function returns the previous value of the step multiplier.
+</li>
+
+<li><b><code>LUA_GCISRUNNING</code>: </b>
+returns a boolean that tells whether the collector is running
+(i.e., not stopped).
+</li>
+
+<li><b><code>LUA_GCGEN</code>: </b>
+changes the collector to generational mode
+(see <a href="#2.5">§2.5</a>).
+</li>
+
+<li><b><code>LUA_GCINC</code>: </b>
+changes the collector to incremental mode.
+This is the default mode.
+</li>
+
+</ul>
+
+<p>
+For more details about these options,
+see <a href="#pdf-collectgarbage"><code>collectgarbage</code></a>.
+
+
+
+
+
+<hr><h3><a name="lua_getallocf"><code>lua_getallocf</code></a></h3><p>
+<span class="apii">[-0, +0, –]</span>
+<pre>lua_Alloc lua_getallocf (lua_State *L, void **ud);</pre>
+
+<p>
+Returns the memory-allocation function of a given state.
+If <code>ud</code> is not <code>NULL</code>, Lua stores in <code>*ud</code> the
+opaque pointer passed to <a href="#lua_newstate"><code>lua_newstate</code></a>.
+
+
+
+
+
+<hr><h3><a name="lua_getctx"><code>lua_getctx</code></a></h3><p>
+<span class="apii">[-0, +0, –]</span>
+<pre>int lua_getctx (lua_State *L, int *ctx);</pre>
+
+<p>
+This function is called by a continuation function (see <a href="#4.7">§4.7</a>)
+to retrieve the status of the thread and a context information.
+
+
+<p>
+When called in the original function,
+<a href="#lua_getctx"><code>lua_getctx</code></a> always returns <a href="#pdf-LUA_OK"><code>LUA_OK</code></a>
+and does not change the value of its argument <code>ctx</code>.
+When called inside a continuation function,
+<a href="#lua_getctx"><code>lua_getctx</code></a> returns <a href="#pdf-LUA_YIELD"><code>LUA_YIELD</code></a> and sets
+the value of <code>ctx</code> to be the context information
+(the value passed as the <code>ctx</code> argument
+to the callee together with the continuation function).
+
+
+<p>
+When the callee is <a href="#lua_pcallk"><code>lua_pcallk</code></a>,
+Lua may also call its continuation function
+to handle errors during the call.
+That is, upon an error in the function called by <a href="#lua_pcallk"><code>lua_pcallk</code></a>,
+Lua may not return to the original function
+but instead may call the continuation function.
+In that case, a call to <a href="#lua_getctx"><code>lua_getctx</code></a> will return the error code
+(the value that would be returned by <a href="#lua_pcallk"><code>lua_pcallk</code></a>);
+the value of <code>ctx</code> will be set to the context information,
+as in the case of a yield.
+
+
+
+
+
+<hr><h3><a name="lua_getfield"><code>lua_getfield</code></a></h3><p>
+<span class="apii">[-0, +1, <em>e</em>]</span>
+<pre>void lua_getfield (lua_State *L, int index, const char *k);</pre>
+
+<p>
+Pushes onto the stack the value <code>t[k]</code>,
+where <code>t</code> is the value at the given valid index.
+As in Lua, this function may trigger a metamethod
+for the "index" event (see <a href="#2.4">§2.4</a>).
+
+
+
+
+
+<hr><h3><a name="lua_getglobal"><code>lua_getglobal</code></a></h3><p>
+<span class="apii">[-0, +1, <em>e</em>]</span>
+<pre>void lua_getglobal (lua_State *L, const char *name);</pre>
+
+<p>
+Pushes onto the stack the value of the global <code>name</code>.
+
+
+
+
+
+<hr><h3><a name="lua_getmetatable"><code>lua_getmetatable</code></a></h3><p>
+<span class="apii">[-0, +(0|1), –]</span>
+<pre>int lua_getmetatable (lua_State *L, int index);</pre>
+
+<p>
+Pushes onto the stack the metatable of the value at the given
+acceptable index.
+If the value does not have a metatable,
+the function returns 0 and pushes nothing on the stack.
+
+
+
+
+
+<hr><h3><a name="lua_gettable"><code>lua_gettable</code></a></h3><p>
+<span class="apii">[-1, +1, <em>e</em>]</span>
+<pre>void lua_gettable (lua_State *L, int index);</pre>
+
+<p>
+Pushes onto the stack the value <code>t[k]</code>,
+where <code>t</code> is the value at the given valid index
+and <code>k</code> is the value at the top of the stack.
+
+
+<p>
+This function pops the key from the stack
+(putting the resulting value in its place).
+As in Lua, this function may trigger a metamethod
+for the "index" event (see <a href="#2.4">§2.4</a>).
+
+
+
+
+
+<hr><h3><a name="lua_gettop"><code>lua_gettop</code></a></h3><p>
+<span class="apii">[-0, +0, –]</span>
+<pre>int lua_gettop (lua_State *L);</pre>
+
+<p>
+Returns the index of the top element in the stack.
+Because indices start at 1,
+this result is equal to the number of elements in the stack
+(and so 0 means an empty stack).
+
+
+
+
+
+<hr><h3><a name="lua_getuservalue"><code>lua_getuservalue</code></a></h3><p>
+<span class="apii">[-0, +1, –]</span>
+<pre>void lua_getuservalue (lua_State *L, int index);</pre>
+
+<p>
+Pushes onto the stack the Lua value associated with the userdata
+at the given index.
+This Lua value must be a table or <b>nil</b>.
+
+
+
+
+
+<hr><h3><a name="lua_insert"><code>lua_insert</code></a></h3><p>
+<span class="apii">[-1, +1, –]</span>
+<pre>void lua_insert (lua_State *L, int index);</pre>
+
+<p>
+Moves the top element into the given valid index,
+shifting up the elements above this index to open space.
+Cannot be called with a pseudo-index,
+because a pseudo-index is not an actual stack position.
+
+
+
+
+
+<hr><h3><a name="lua_Integer"><code>lua_Integer</code></a></h3>
+<pre>typedef ptrdiff_t lua_Integer;</pre>
+
+<p>
+The type used by the Lua API to represent signed integral values.
+
+
+<p>
+By default it is a <code>ptrdiff_t</code>,
+which is usually the largest signed integral type the machine handles
+"comfortably".
+
+
+
+
+
+<hr><h3><a name="lua_isboolean"><code>lua_isboolean</code></a></h3><p>
+<span class="apii">[-0, +0, –]</span>
+<pre>int lua_isboolean (lua_State *L, int index);</pre>
+
+<p>
+Returns 1 if the value at the given acceptable index is a boolean,
+and 0 otherwise.
+
+
+
+
+
+<hr><h3><a name="lua_iscfunction"><code>lua_iscfunction</code></a></h3><p>
+<span class="apii">[-0, +0, –]</span>
+<pre>int lua_iscfunction (lua_State *L, int index);</pre>
+
+<p>
+Returns 1 if the value at the given acceptable index is a C function,
+and 0 otherwise.
+
+
+
+
+
+<hr><h3><a name="lua_isfunction"><code>lua_isfunction</code></a></h3><p>
+<span class="apii">[-0, +0, –]</span>
+<pre>int lua_isfunction (lua_State *L, int index);</pre>
+
+<p>
+Returns 1 if the value at the given acceptable index is a function
+(either C or Lua), and 0 otherwise.
+
+
+
+
+
+<hr><h3><a name="lua_islightuserdata"><code>lua_islightuserdata</code></a></h3><p>
+<span class="apii">[-0, +0, –]</span>
+<pre>int lua_islightuserdata (lua_State *L, int index);</pre>
+
+<p>
+Returns 1 if the value at the given acceptable index is a light userdata,
+and 0 otherwise.
+
+
+
+
+
+<hr><h3><a name="lua_isnil"><code>lua_isnil</code></a></h3><p>
+<span class="apii">[-0, +0, –]</span>
+<pre>int lua_isnil (lua_State *L, int index);</pre>
+
+<p>
+Returns 1 if the value at the given acceptable index is <b>nil</b>,
+and 0 otherwise.
+
+
+
+
+
+<hr><h3><a name="lua_isnone"><code>lua_isnone</code></a></h3><p>
+<span class="apii">[-0, +0, –]</span>
+<pre>int lua_isnone (lua_State *L, int index);</pre>
+
+<p>
+Returns 1 if the given acceptable index is not valid
+(that is, it refers to an element outside the current stack),
+and 0 otherwise.
+
+
+
+
+
+<hr><h3><a name="lua_isnoneornil"><code>lua_isnoneornil</code></a></h3><p>
+<span class="apii">[-0, +0, –]</span>
+<pre>int lua_isnoneornil (lua_State *L, int index);</pre>
+
+<p>
+Returns 1 if the given acceptable index is not valid
+(that is, it refers to an element outside the current stack)
+or if the value at this index is <b>nil</b>,
+and 0 otherwise.
+
+
+
+
+
+<hr><h3><a name="lua_isnumber"><code>lua_isnumber</code></a></h3><p>
+<span class="apii">[-0, +0, –]</span>
+<pre>int lua_isnumber (lua_State *L, int index);</pre>
+
+<p>
+Returns 1 if the value at the given acceptable index is a number
+or a string convertible to a number,
+and 0 otherwise.
+
+
+
+
+
+<hr><h3><a name="lua_isstring"><code>lua_isstring</code></a></h3><p>
+<span class="apii">[-0, +0, –]</span>
+<pre>int lua_isstring (lua_State *L, int index);</pre>
+
+<p>
+Returns 1 if the value at the given acceptable index is a string
+or a number (which is always convertible to a string),
+and 0 otherwise.
+
+
+
+
+
+<hr><h3><a name="lua_istable"><code>lua_istable</code></a></h3><p>
+<span class="apii">[-0, +0, –]</span>
+<pre>int lua_istable (lua_State *L, int index);</pre>
+
+<p>
+Returns 1 if the value at the given acceptable index is a table,
+and 0 otherwise.
+
+
+
+
+
+<hr><h3><a name="lua_isthread"><code>lua_isthread</code></a></h3><p>
+<span class="apii">[-0, +0, –]</span>
+<pre>int lua_isthread (lua_State *L, int index);</pre>
+
+<p>
+Returns 1 if the value at the given acceptable index is a thread,
+and 0 otherwise.
+
+
+
+
+
+<hr><h3><a name="lua_isuserdata"><code>lua_isuserdata</code></a></h3><p>
+<span class="apii">[-0, +0, –]</span>
+<pre>int lua_isuserdata (lua_State *L, int index);</pre>
+
+<p>
+Returns 1 if the value at the given acceptable index is a userdata
+(either full or light), and 0 otherwise.
+
+
+
+
+
+<hr><h3><a name="lua_len"><code>lua_len</code></a></h3><p>
+<span class="apii">[-0, +1, <em>e</em>]</span>
+<pre>void lua_len (lua_State *L, int index);</pre>
+
+<p>
+Returns the "length" of the value at the given acceptable index;
+it is equivalent to the '<code>#</code>' operator in Lua (see <a href="#3.4.6">§3.4.6</a>).
+The result is pushed on the stack.
+
+
+
+
+
+<hr><h3><a name="lua_load"><code>lua_load</code></a></h3><p>
+<span class="apii">[-0, +1, –]</span>
+<pre>int lua_load (lua_State *L,
+ lua_Reader reader,
+ void *data,
+ const char *source,
+ const char *mode);</pre>
+
+<p>
+Loads a Lua chunk (without running it).
+If there are no errors,
+<code>lua_load</code> pushes the compiled chunk as a Lua
+function on top of the stack.
+Otherwise, it pushes an error message.
+
+
+<p>
+The return values of <code>lua_load</code> are:
+
+<ul>
+
+<li><b><a href="#pdf-LUA_OK"><code>LUA_OK</code></a>: </b> no errors;</li>
+
+<li><b><a name="pdf-LUA_ERRSYNTAX"><code>LUA_ERRSYNTAX</code></a>: </b>
+syntax error during precompilation;</li>
+
+<li><b><a href="#pdf-LUA_ERRMEM"><code>LUA_ERRMEM</code></a>: </b>
+memory allocation error;</li>
+
+<li><b><a href="#pdf-LUA_ERRGCMM"><code>LUA_ERRGCMM</code></a>: </b>
+error while running a <code>__gc</code> metamethod.
+(This error has no relation with the chunk being loaded.
+It is generated by the garbage collector.)
+</li>
+
+</ul>
+
+<p>
+The <code>lua_load</code> function uses a user-supplied <code>reader</code> function
+to read the chunk (see <a href="#lua_Reader"><code>lua_Reader</code></a>).
+The <code>data</code> argument is an opaque value passed to the reader function.
+
+
+<p>
+The <code>source</code> argument gives a name to the chunk,
+which is used for error messages and in debug information (see <a href="#4.9">§4.9</a>).
+
+
+<p>
+<code>lua_load</code> automatically detects whether the chunk is text or binary
+and loads it accordingly (see program <code>luac</code>).
+The string <code>mode</code> works as in function <a href="#pdf-load"><code>load</code></a>,
+with the addition that
+a <code>NULL</code> value is equivalent to the string "<code>bt</code>".
+
+
+<p>
+If the resulting function has one upvalue,
+this upvalue is set to the value of the global environment
+stored at index <code>LUA_RIDX_GLOBALS</code> in the registry (see <a href="#4.5">§4.5</a>).
+When loading main chunks,
+this upvalue will be the <code>_ENV</code> variable (see <a href="#2.2">§2.2</a>).
+
+
+
+
+
+<hr><h3><a name="lua_newstate"><code>lua_newstate</code></a></h3><p>
+<span class="apii">[-0, +0, –]</span>
+<pre>lua_State *lua_newstate (lua_Alloc f, void *ud);</pre>
+
+<p>
+Creates a new thread running in a new, independent state.
+Returns <code>NULL</code> if cannot create the thread or the state
+(due to lack of memory).
+The argument <code>f</code> is the allocator function;
+Lua does all memory allocation for this state through this function.
+The second argument, <code>ud</code>, is an opaque pointer that Lua
+passes to the allocator in every call.
+
+
+
+
+
+<hr><h3><a name="lua_newtable"><code>lua_newtable</code></a></h3><p>
+<span class="apii">[-0, +1, <em>m</em>]</span>
+<pre>void lua_newtable (lua_State *L);</pre>
+
+<p>
+Creates a new empty table and pushes it onto the stack.
+It is equivalent to <code>lua_createtable(L, 0, 0)</code>.
+
+
+
+
+
+<hr><h3><a name="lua_newthread"><code>lua_newthread</code></a></h3><p>
+<span class="apii">[-0, +1, <em>m</em>]</span>
+<pre>lua_State *lua_newthread (lua_State *L);</pre>
+
+<p>
+Creates a new thread, pushes it on the stack,
+and returns a pointer to a <a href="#lua_State"><code>lua_State</code></a> that represents this new thread.
+The new thread returned by this function shares with the original thread
+its global environment,
+but has an independent execution stack.
+
+
+<p>
+There is no explicit function to close or to destroy a thread.
+Threads are subject to garbage collection,
+like any Lua object.
+
+
+
+
+
+<hr><h3><a name="lua_newuserdata"><code>lua_newuserdata</code></a></h3><p>
+<span class="apii">[-0, +1, <em>m</em>]</span>
+<pre>void *lua_newuserdata (lua_State *L, size_t size);</pre>
+
+<p>
+This function allocates a new block of memory with the given size,
+pushes onto the stack a new full userdata with the block address,
+and returns this address.
+The host program can freely use this memory.
+
+
+
+
+
+<hr><h3><a name="lua_next"><code>lua_next</code></a></h3><p>
+<span class="apii">[-1, +(2|0), <em>e</em>]</span>
+<pre>int lua_next (lua_State *L, int index);</pre>
+
+<p>
+Pops a key from the stack,
+and pushes a key–value pair from the table at the given index
+(the "next" pair after the given key).
+If there are no more elements in the table,
+then <a href="#lua_next"><code>lua_next</code></a> returns 0 (and pushes nothing).
+
+
+<p>
+A typical traversal looks like this:
+
+<pre>
+ /* table is in the stack at index 't' */
+ lua_pushnil(L); /* first key */
+ while (lua_next(L, t) != 0) {
+ /* uses 'key' (at index -2) and 'value' (at index -1) */
+ printf("%s - %s\n",
+ lua_typename(L, lua_type(L, -2)),
+ lua_typename(L, lua_type(L, -1)));
+ /* removes 'value'; keeps 'key' for next iteration */
+ lua_pop(L, 1);
+ }
+</pre>
+
+<p>
+While traversing a table,
+do not call <a href="#lua_tolstring"><code>lua_tolstring</code></a> directly on a key,
+unless you know that the key is actually a string.
+Recall that <a href="#lua_tolstring"><code>lua_tolstring</code></a> may change
+the value at the given index;
+this confuses the next call to <a href="#lua_next"><code>lua_next</code></a>.
+
+
+<p>
+See function <a href="#pdf-next"><code>next</code></a> for the caveats of modifying
+the table during its traversal.
+
+
+
+
+
+<hr><h3><a name="lua_Number"><code>lua_Number</code></a></h3>
+<pre>typedef double lua_Number;</pre>
+
+<p>
+The type of numbers in Lua.
+By default, it is double, but that can be changed in <code>luaconf.h</code>.
+Through this configuration file you can change
+Lua to operate with another type for numbers (e.g., float or long).
+
+
+
+
+
+<hr><h3><a name="lua_pcall"><code>lua_pcall</code></a></h3><p>
+<span class="apii">[-(nargs + 1), +(nresults|1), –]</span>
+<pre>int lua_pcall (lua_State *L, int nargs, int nresults, int msgh);</pre>
+
+<p>
+Calls a function in protected mode.
+
+
+<p>
+Both <code>nargs</code> and <code>nresults</code> have the same meaning as
+in <a href="#lua_call"><code>lua_call</code></a>.
+If there are no errors during the call,
+<a href="#lua_pcall"><code>lua_pcall</code></a> behaves exactly like <a href="#lua_call"><code>lua_call</code></a>.
+However, if there is any error,
+<a href="#lua_pcall"><code>lua_pcall</code></a> catches it,
+pushes a single value on the stack (the error message),
+and returns an error code.
+Like <a href="#lua_call"><code>lua_call</code></a>,
+<a href="#lua_pcall"><code>lua_pcall</code></a> always removes the function
+and its arguments from the stack.
+
+
+<p>
+If <code>msgh</code> is 0,
+then the error message returned on the stack
+is exactly the original error message.
+Otherwise, <code>msgh</code> is the stack index of a
+<em>message handler</em>.
+(In the current implementation, this index cannot be a pseudo-index.)
+In case of runtime errors,
+this function will be called with the error message
+and its return value will be the message
+returned on the stack by <a href="#lua_pcall"><code>lua_pcall</code></a>.
+
+
+<p>
+Typically, the message handler is used to add more debug
+information to the error message, such as a stack traceback.
+Such information cannot be gathered after the return of <a href="#lua_pcall"><code>lua_pcall</code></a>,
+since by then the stack has unwound.
+
+
+<p>
+The <a href="#lua_pcall"><code>lua_pcall</code></a> function returns one of the following codes
+(defined in <code>lua.h</code>):
+
+<ul>
+
+<li><b><a name="pdf-LUA_OK"><code>LUA_OK</code></a> (0): </b>
+success.</li>
+
+<li><b><a name="pdf-LUA_ERRRUN"><code>LUA_ERRRUN</code></a>: </b>
+a runtime error.
+</li>
+
+<li><b><a name="pdf-LUA_ERRMEM"><code>LUA_ERRMEM</code></a>: </b>
+memory allocation error.
+For such errors, Lua does not call the message handler.
+</li>
+
+<li><b><a name="pdf-LUA_ERRERR"><code>LUA_ERRERR</code></a>: </b>
+error while running the message handler.
+</li>
+
+<li><b><a name="pdf-LUA_ERRGCMM"><code>LUA_ERRGCMM</code></a>: </b>
+error while running a <code>__gc</code> metamethod.
+(This error typically has no relation with the function being called.
+It is generated by the garbage collector.)
+</li>
+
+</ul>
+
+
+
+
+<hr><h3><a name="lua_pcallk"><code>lua_pcallk</code></a></h3><p>
+<span class="apii">[-(nargs + 1), +(nresults|1), –]</span>
+<pre>int lua_pcallk (lua_State *L,
+ int nargs,
+ int nresults,
+ int errfunc,
+ int ctx,
+ lua_CFunction k);</pre>
+
+<p>
+This function behaves exactly like <a href="#lua_pcall"><code>lua_pcall</code></a>,
+but allows the called function to yield (see <a href="#4.7">§4.7</a>).
+
+
+
+
+
+<hr><h3><a name="lua_pop"><code>lua_pop</code></a></h3><p>
+<span class="apii">[-n, +0, –]</span>
+<pre>void lua_pop (lua_State *L, int n);</pre>
+
+<p>
+Pops <code>n</code> elements from the stack.
+
+
+
+
+
+<hr><h3><a name="lua_pushboolean"><code>lua_pushboolean</code></a></h3><p>
+<span class="apii">[-0, +1, –]</span>
+<pre>void lua_pushboolean (lua_State *L, int b);</pre>
+
+<p>
+Pushes a boolean value with value <code>b</code> onto the stack.
+
+
+
+
+
+<hr><h3><a name="lua_pushcclosure"><code>lua_pushcclosure</code></a></h3><p>
+<span class="apii">[-n, +1, <em>m</em>]</span>
+<pre>void lua_pushcclosure (lua_State *L, lua_CFunction fn, int n);</pre>
+
+<p>
+Pushes a new C closure onto the stack.
+
+
+<p>
+When a C function is created,
+it is possible to associate some values with it,
+thus creating a C closure (see <a href="#4.4">§4.4</a>);
+these values are then accessible to the function whenever it is called.
+To associate values with a C function,
+first these values should be pushed onto the stack
+(when there are multiple values, the first value is pushed first).
+Then <a href="#lua_pushcclosure"><code>lua_pushcclosure</code></a>
+is called to create and push the C function onto the stack,
+with the argument <code>n</code> telling how many values should be
+associated with the function.
+<a href="#lua_pushcclosure"><code>lua_pushcclosure</code></a> also pops these values from the stack.
+
+
+<p>
+The maximum value for <code>n</code> is 255.
+
+
+<p>
+When <code>n</code> is zero,
+this function creates a <em>light C function</em>,
+which is just a pointer to the C function.
+In that case, it never throws a memory error.
+
+
+
+
+
+<hr><h3><a name="lua_pushcfunction"><code>lua_pushcfunction</code></a></h3><p>
+<span class="apii">[-0, +1, –]</span>
+<pre>void lua_pushcfunction (lua_State *L, lua_CFunction f);</pre>
+
+<p>
+Pushes a C function onto the stack.
+This function receives a pointer to a C function
+and pushes onto the stack a Lua value of type <code>function</code> that,
+when called, invokes the corresponding C function.
+
+
+<p>
+Any function to be registered in Lua must
+follow the correct protocol to receive its parameters
+and return its results (see <a href="#lua_CFunction"><code>lua_CFunction</code></a>).
+
+
+<p>
+<code>lua_pushcfunction</code> is defined as a macro:
+
+<pre>
+ #define lua_pushcfunction(L,f) lua_pushcclosure(L,f,0)
+</pre><p>
+Note that <code>f</code> is used twice.
+
+
+
+
+
+<hr><h3><a name="lua_pushfstring"><code>lua_pushfstring</code></a></h3><p>
+<span class="apii">[-0, +1, <em>m</em>]</span>
+<pre>const char *lua_pushfstring (lua_State *L, const char *fmt, ...);</pre>
+
+<p>
+Pushes onto the stack a formatted string
+and returns a pointer to this string.
+It is similar to the C function <code>sprintf</code>,
+but has some important differences:
+
+<ul>
+
+<li>
+You do not have to allocate space for the result:
+the result is a Lua string and Lua takes care of memory allocation
+(and deallocation, through garbage collection).
+</li>
+
+<li>
+The conversion specifiers are quite restricted.
+There are no flags, widths, or precisions.
+The conversion specifiers can only be
+'<code>%%</code>' (inserts a '<code>%</code>' in the string),
+'<code>%s</code>' (inserts a zero-terminated string, with no size restrictions),
+'<code>%f</code>' (inserts a <a href="#lua_Number"><code>lua_Number</code></a>),
+'<code>%p</code>' (inserts a pointer as a hexadecimal numeral),
+'<code>%d</code>' (inserts an <code>int</code>), and
+'<code>%c</code>' (inserts an <code>int</code> as a byte).
+</li>
+
+</ul>
+
+
+
+
+<hr><h3><a name="lua_pushinteger"><code>lua_pushinteger</code></a></h3><p>
+<span class="apii">[-0, +1, –]</span>
+<pre>void lua_pushinteger (lua_State *L, lua_Integer n);</pre>
+
+<p>
+Pushes a number with value <code>n</code> onto the stack.
+
+
+
+
+
+<hr><h3><a name="lua_pushlightuserdata"><code>lua_pushlightuserdata</code></a></h3><p>
+<span class="apii">[-0, +1, –]</span>
+<pre>void lua_pushlightuserdata (lua_State *L, void *p);</pre>
+
+<p>
+Pushes a light userdata onto the stack.
+
+
+<p>
+Userdata represent C values in Lua.
+A <em>light userdata</em> represents a pointer, a <code>void*</code>.
+It is a value (like a number):
+you do not create it, it has no individual metatable,
+and it is not collected (as it was never created).
+A light userdata is equal to "any"
+light userdata with the same C address.
+
+
+
+
+
+<hr><h3><a name="lua_pushliteral"><code>lua_pushliteral</code></a></h3><p>
+<span class="apii">[-0, +1, <em>m</em>]</span>
+<pre>const char *lua_pushliteral (lua_State *L, const char *s);</pre>
+
+<p>
+This macro is equivalent to <a href="#lua_pushlstring"><code>lua_pushlstring</code></a>,
+but can be used only when <code>s</code> is a literal string.
+It automatically provides the string length.
+
+
+
+
+
+<hr><h3><a name="lua_pushlstring"><code>lua_pushlstring</code></a></h3><p>
+<span class="apii">[-0, +1, <em>m</em>]</span>
+<pre>const char *lua_pushlstring (lua_State *L, const char *s, size_t len);</pre>
+
+<p>
+Pushes the string pointed to by <code>s</code> with size <code>len</code>
+onto the stack.
+Lua makes (or reuses) an internal copy of the given string,
+so the memory at <code>s</code> can be freed or reused immediately after
+the function returns.
+The string can contain any binary data,
+including embedded zeros.
+
+
+<p>
+Returns a pointer to the internal copy of the string.
+
+
+
+
+
+<hr><h3><a name="lua_pushnil"><code>lua_pushnil</code></a></h3><p>
+<span class="apii">[-0, +1, –]</span>
+<pre>void lua_pushnil (lua_State *L);</pre>
+
+<p>
+Pushes a nil value onto the stack.
+
+
+
+
+
+<hr><h3><a name="lua_pushnumber"><code>lua_pushnumber</code></a></h3><p>
+<span class="apii">[-0, +1, –]</span>
+<pre>void lua_pushnumber (lua_State *L, lua_Number n);</pre>
+
+<p>
+Pushes a number with value <code>n</code> onto the stack.
+
+
+
+
+
+<hr><h3><a name="lua_pushstring"><code>lua_pushstring</code></a></h3><p>
+<span class="apii">[-0, +1, <em>m</em>]</span>
+<pre>const char *lua_pushstring (lua_State *L, const char *s);</pre>
+
+<p>
+Pushes the zero-terminated string pointed to by <code>s</code>
+onto the stack.
+Lua makes (or reuses) an internal copy of the given string,
+so the memory at <code>s</code> can be freed or reused immediately after
+the function returns.
+
+
+<p>
+Returns a pointer to the internal copy of the string.
+
+
+<p>
+If <code>s</code> is <code>NULL</code>, pushes <b>nil</b> and returns <code>NULL</code>.
+
+
+
+
+
+<hr><h3><a name="lua_pushthread"><code>lua_pushthread</code></a></h3><p>
+<span class="apii">[-0, +1, –]</span>
+<pre>int lua_pushthread (lua_State *L);</pre>
+
+<p>
+Pushes the thread represented by <code>L</code> onto the stack.
+Returns 1 if this thread is the main thread of its state.
+
+
+
+
+
+<hr><h3><a name="lua_pushvalue"><code>lua_pushvalue</code></a></h3><p>
+<span class="apii">[-0, +1, –]</span>
+<pre>void lua_pushvalue (lua_State *L, int index);</pre>
+
+<p>
+Pushes a copy of the element at the given valid index
+onto the stack.
+
+
+
+
+
+<hr><h3><a name="lua_pushvfstring"><code>lua_pushvfstring</code></a></h3><p>
+<span class="apii">[-0, +1, <em>m</em>]</span>
+<pre>const char *lua_pushvfstring (lua_State *L,
+ const char *fmt,
+ va_list argp);</pre>
+
+<p>
+Equivalent to <a href="#lua_pushfstring"><code>lua_pushfstring</code></a>, except that it receives a <code>va_list</code>
+instead of a variable number of arguments.
+
+
+
+
+
+<hr><h3><a name="lua_rawequal"><code>lua_rawequal</code></a></h3><p>
+<span class="apii">[-0, +0, –]</span>
+<pre>int lua_rawequal (lua_State *L, int index1, int index2);</pre>
+
+<p>
+Returns 1 if the two values in acceptable indices <code>index1</code> and
+<code>index2</code> are primitively equal
+(that is, without calling metamethods).
+Otherwise returns 0.
+Also returns 0 if any of the indices are non valid.
+
+
+
+
+
+<hr><h3><a name="lua_rawget"><code>lua_rawget</code></a></h3><p>
+<span class="apii">[-1, +1, –]</span>
+<pre>void lua_rawget (lua_State *L, int index);</pre>
+
+<p>
+Similar to <a href="#lua_gettable"><code>lua_gettable</code></a>, but does a raw access
+(i.e., without metamethods).
+
+
+
+
+
+<hr><h3><a name="lua_rawgeti"><code>lua_rawgeti</code></a></h3><p>
+<span class="apii">[-0, +1, –]</span>
+<pre>void lua_rawgeti (lua_State *L, int index, int n);</pre>
+
+<p>
+Pushes onto the stack the value <code>t[n]</code>,
+where <code>t</code> is the table at the given valid index.
+The access is raw;
+that is, it does not invoke metamethods.
+
+
+
+
+
+<hr><h3><a name="lua_rawgetp"><code>lua_rawgetp</code></a></h3><p>
+<span class="apii">[-0, +1, –]</span>
+<pre>void lua_rawgetp (lua_State *L, int index, const void *p);</pre>
+
+<p>
+Pushes onto the stack the value <code>t[k]</code>,
+where <code>t</code> is the table at the given valid index and
+<code>k</code> is the pointer <code>p</code> represented as a light userdata.
+The access is raw;
+that is, it does not invoke metamethods.
+
+
+
+
+
+<hr><h3><a name="lua_rawlen"><code>lua_rawlen</code></a></h3><p>
+<span class="apii">[-0, +0, –]</span>
+<pre>size_t lua_rawlen (lua_State *L, int index);</pre>
+
+<p>
+Returns the raw "length" of the value at the given acceptable index:
+for strings, this is the string length;
+for tables, this is the result of the length operator ('<code>#</code>')
+with no metamethods;
+for userdata, this is the size of the block of memory allocated
+for the userdata;
+for other values, it is 0.
+
+
+
+
+
+<hr><h3><a name="lua_rawset"><code>lua_rawset</code></a></h3><p>
+<span class="apii">[-2, +0, <em>m</em>]</span>
+<pre>void lua_rawset (lua_State *L, int index);</pre>
+
+<p>
+Similar to <a href="#lua_settable"><code>lua_settable</code></a>, but does a raw assignment
+(i.e., without metamethods).
+
+
+
+
+
+<hr><h3><a name="lua_rawseti"><code>lua_rawseti</code></a></h3><p>
+<span class="apii">[-1, +0, <em>m</em>]</span>
+<pre>void lua_rawseti (lua_State *L, int index, int n);</pre>
+
+<p>
+Does the equivalent of <code>t[n] = v</code>,
+where <code>t</code> is the table at the given valid index
+and <code>v</code> is the value at the top of the stack.
+
+
+<p>
+This function pops the value from the stack.
+The assignment is raw;
+that is, it does not invoke metamethods.
+
+
+
+
+
+<hr><h3><a name="lua_rawsetp"><code>lua_rawsetp</code></a></h3><p>
+<span class="apii">[-1, +0, <em>m</em>]</span>
+<pre>void lua_rawsetp (lua_State *L, int index, const void *p);</pre>
+
+<p>
+Does the equivalent of <code>t[k] = v</code>,
+where <code>t</code> is the table at the given valid index,
+<code>k</code> is the pointer <code>p</code> represented as a light userdata,
+and <code>v</code> is the value at the top of the stack.
+
+
+<p>
+This function pops the value from the stack.
+The assignment is raw;
+that is, it does not invoke metamethods.
+
+
+
+
+
+<hr><h3><a name="lua_Reader"><code>lua_Reader</code></a></h3>
+<pre>typedef const char * (*lua_Reader) (lua_State *L,
+ void *data,
+ size_t *size);</pre>
+
+<p>
+The reader function used by <a href="#lua_load"><code>lua_load</code></a>.
+Every time it needs another piece of the chunk,
+<a href="#lua_load"><code>lua_load</code></a> calls the reader,
+passing along its <code>data</code> parameter.
+The reader must return a pointer to a block of memory
+with a new piece of the chunk
+and set <code>size</code> to the block size.
+The block must exist until the reader function is called again.
+To signal the end of the chunk,
+the reader must return <code>NULL</code> or set <code>size</code> to zero.
+The reader function may return pieces of any size greater than zero.
+
+
+
+
+
+<hr><h3><a name="lua_register"><code>lua_register</code></a></h3><p>
+<span class="apii">[-0, +0, <em>e</em>]</span>
+<pre>void lua_register (lua_State *L, const char *name, lua_CFunction f);</pre>
+
+<p>
+Sets the C function <code>f</code> as the new value of global <code>name</code>.
+It is defined as a macro:
+
+<pre>
+ #define lua_register(L,n,f) \
+ (lua_pushcfunction(L, f), lua_setglobal(L, n))
+</pre>
+
+
+
+
+<hr><h3><a name="lua_remove"><code>lua_remove</code></a></h3><p>
+<span class="apii">[-1, +0, –]</span>
+<pre>void lua_remove (lua_State *L, int index);</pre>
+
+<p>
+Removes the element at the given valid index,
+shifting down the elements above this index to fill the gap.
+Cannot be called with a pseudo-index,
+because a pseudo-index is not an actual stack position.
+
+
+
+
+
+<hr><h3><a name="lua_replace"><code>lua_replace</code></a></h3><p>
+<span class="apii">[-1, +0, –]</span>
+<pre>void lua_replace (lua_State *L, int index);</pre>
+
+<p>
+Moves the top element into the given position
+without shifting any element
+(therefore replacing the value at the given position),
+and then pops the top element.
+
+
+
+
+
+<hr><h3><a name="lua_resume"><code>lua_resume</code></a></h3><p>
+<span class="apii">[-?, +?, –]</span>
+<pre>int lua_resume (lua_State *L, lua_State *from, int narg);</pre>
+
+<p>
+Starts and resumes a coroutine in a given thread.
+
+
+<p>
+To start a coroutine,
+you push onto the thread stack the main function plus any arguments;
+then you call <a href="#lua_resume"><code>lua_resume</code></a>,
+with <code>narg</code> being the number of arguments.
+This call returns when the coroutine suspends or finishes its execution.
+When it returns, the stack contains all values passed to <a href="#lua_yield"><code>lua_yield</code></a>,
+or all values returned by the body function.
+<a href="#lua_resume"><code>lua_resume</code></a> returns
+<a href="#pdf-LUA_YIELD"><code>LUA_YIELD</code></a> if the coroutine yields,
+<a href="#pdf-LUA_OK"><code>LUA_OK</code></a> if the coroutine finishes its execution
+without errors,
+or an error code in case of errors (see <a href="#lua_pcall"><code>lua_pcall</code></a>).
+
+
+<p>
+In case of errors,
+the stack is not unwound,
+so you can use the debug API over it.
+The error message is on the top of the stack.
+
+
+<p>
+To resume a coroutine, you put on its stack only the values to
+be passed as results from <code>yield</code>,
+and then call <a href="#lua_resume"><code>lua_resume</code></a>.
+
+
+<p>
+The parameter <code>from</code> represents the coroutine that is resuming <code>L</code>.
+If there is no such coroutine,
+this parameter can be <code>NULL</code>.
+
+
+
+
+
+<hr><h3><a name="lua_setallocf"><code>lua_setallocf</code></a></h3><p>
+<span class="apii">[-0, +0, –]</span>
+<pre>void lua_setallocf (lua_State *L, lua_Alloc f, void *ud);</pre>
+
+<p>
+Changes the allocator function of a given state to <code>f</code>
+with user data <code>ud</code>.
+
+
+
+
+
+<hr><h3><a name="lua_setfield"><code>lua_setfield</code></a></h3><p>
+<span class="apii">[-1, +0, <em>e</em>]</span>
+<pre>void lua_setfield (lua_State *L, int index, const char *k);</pre>
+
+<p>
+Does the equivalent to <code>t[k] = v</code>,
+where <code>t</code> is the value at the given valid index
+and <code>v</code> is the value at the top of the stack.
+
+
+<p>
+This function pops the value from the stack.
+As in Lua, this function may trigger a metamethod
+for the "newindex" event (see <a href="#2.4">§2.4</a>).
+
+
+
+
+
+<hr><h3><a name="lua_setglobal"><code>lua_setglobal</code></a></h3><p>
+<span class="apii">[-1, +0, <em>e</em>]</span>
+<pre>void lua_setglobal (lua_State *L, const char *name);</pre>
+
+<p>
+Pops a value from the stack and
+sets it as the new value of global <code>name</code>.
+
+
+
+
+
+<hr><h3><a name="lua_setmetatable"><code>lua_setmetatable</code></a></h3><p>
+<span class="apii">[-1, +0, –]</span>
+<pre>void lua_setmetatable (lua_State *L, int index);</pre>
+
+<p>
+Pops a table from the stack and
+sets it as the new metatable for the value at the given
+acceptable index.
+
+
+
+
+
+<hr><h3><a name="lua_settable"><code>lua_settable</code></a></h3><p>
+<span class="apii">[-2, +0, <em>e</em>]</span>
+<pre>void lua_settable (lua_State *L, int index);</pre>
+
+<p>
+Does the equivalent to <code>t[k] = v</code>,
+where <code>t</code> is the value at the given valid index,
+<code>v</code> is the value at the top of the stack,
+and <code>k</code> is the value just below the top.
+
+
+<p>
+This function pops both the key and the value from the stack.
+As in Lua, this function may trigger a metamethod
+for the "newindex" event (see <a href="#2.4">§2.4</a>).
+
+
+
+
+
+<hr><h3><a name="lua_settop"><code>lua_settop</code></a></h3><p>
+<span class="apii">[-?, +?, –]</span>
+<pre>void lua_settop (lua_State *L, int index);</pre>
+
+<p>
+Accepts any acceptable index, or 0,
+and sets the stack top to this index.
+If the new top is larger than the old one,
+then the new elements are filled with <b>nil</b>.
+If <code>index</code> is 0, then all stack elements are removed.
+
+
+
+
+
+<hr><h3><a name="lua_setuservalue"><code>lua_setuservalue</code></a></h3><p>
+<span class="apii">[-1, +0, –]</span>
+<pre>void lua_setuservalue (lua_State *L, int index);</pre>
+
+<p>
+Pops a table or <b>nil</b> from the stack and sets it as
+the new value associated to the userdata at the given index.
+
+
+
+
+
+<hr><h3><a name="lua_State"><code>lua_State</code></a></h3>
+<pre>typedef struct lua_State lua_State;</pre>
+
+<p>
+An opaque structure that keeps the whole state of a Lua interpreter.
+The Lua library is fully reentrant:
+it has no global variables.
+All information about a state is kept in this structure.
+
+
+<p>
+A pointer to this state must be passed as the first argument to
+every function in the library, except to <a href="#lua_newstate"><code>lua_newstate</code></a>,
+which creates a Lua state from scratch.
+
+
+
+
+
+<hr><h3><a name="lua_status"><code>lua_status</code></a></h3><p>
+<span class="apii">[-0, +0, –]</span>
+<pre>int lua_status (lua_State *L);</pre>
+
+<p>
+Returns the status of the thread <code>L</code>.
+
+
+<p>
+The status can be 0 (<a href="#pdf-LUA_OK"><code>LUA_OK</code></a>) for a normal thread,
+an error code if the thread finished the execution
+of a <a href="#lua_resume"><code>lua_resume</code></a> with an error,
+or <a name="pdf-LUA_YIELD"><code>LUA_YIELD</code></a> if the thread is suspended.
+
+
+<p>
+You can only call functions in threads with status <a href="#pdf-LUA_OK"><code>LUA_OK</code></a>.
+You can resume threads with status <a href="#pdf-LUA_OK"><code>LUA_OK</code></a>
+(to start a new coroutine) or <a href="#pdf-LUA_YIELD"><code>LUA_YIELD</code></a>
+(to resume a coroutine).
+
+
+
+
+
+<hr><h3><a name="lua_toboolean"><code>lua_toboolean</code></a></h3><p>
+<span class="apii">[-0, +0, –]</span>
+<pre>int lua_toboolean (lua_State *L, int index);</pre>
+
+<p>
+Converts the Lua value at the given acceptable index to a C boolean
+value (0 or 1).
+Like all tests in Lua,
+<a href="#lua_toboolean"><code>lua_toboolean</code></a> returns true for any Lua value
+different from <b>false</b> and <b>nil</b>;
+otherwise it returns false.
+It also returns false when called with a non-valid index.
+(If you want to accept only actual boolean values,
+use <a href="#lua_isboolean"><code>lua_isboolean</code></a> to test the value's type.)
+
+
+
+
+
+<hr><h3><a name="lua_tocfunction"><code>lua_tocfunction</code></a></h3><p>
+<span class="apii">[-0, +0, –]</span>
+<pre>lua_CFunction lua_tocfunction (lua_State *L, int index);</pre>
+
+<p>
+Converts a value at the given acceptable index to a C function.
+That value must be a C function;
+otherwise, returns <code>NULL</code>.
+
+
+
+
+
+<hr><h3><a name="lua_tointeger"><code>lua_tointeger</code></a></h3><p>
+<span class="apii">[-0, +0, –]</span>
+<pre>lua_Integer lua_tointeger (lua_State *L, int index);</pre>
+
+<p>
+Equivalent to <a href="#lua_tointegerx"><code>lua_tointegerx</code></a> with <code>isnum</code> equal to <code>NULL</code>.
+
+
+
+
+
+<hr><h3><a name="lua_tointegerx"><code>lua_tointegerx</code></a></h3><p>
+<span class="apii">[-0, +0, –]</span>
+<pre>lua_Integer lua_tointegerx (lua_State *L, int index, int *isnum);</pre>
+
+<p>
+Converts the Lua value at the given acceptable index
+to the signed integral type <a href="#lua_Integer"><code>lua_Integer</code></a>.
+The Lua value must be a number or a string convertible to a number
+(see <a href="#3.4.2">§3.4.2</a>);
+otherwise, <code>lua_tointegerx</code> returns 0.
+
+
+<p>
+If the number is not an integer,
+it is truncated in some non-specified way.
+
+
+<p>
+If <code>isnum</code> is not <code>NULL</code>,
+its referent is assigned a boolean value that
+indicates whether the operation succeeded.
+
+
+
+
+
+<hr><h3><a name="lua_tolstring"><code>lua_tolstring</code></a></h3><p>
+<span class="apii">[-0, +0, <em>m</em>]</span>
+<pre>const char *lua_tolstring (lua_State *L, int index, size_t *len);</pre>
+
+<p>
+Converts the Lua value at the given acceptable index to a C string.
+If <code>len</code> is not <code>NULL</code>,
+it also sets <code>*len</code> with the string length.
+The Lua value must be a string or a number;
+otherwise, the function returns <code>NULL</code>.
+If the value is a number,
+then <code>lua_tolstring</code> also
+<em>changes the actual value in the stack to a string</em>.
+(This change confuses <a href="#lua_next"><code>lua_next</code></a>
+when <code>lua_tolstring</code> is applied to keys during a table traversal.)
+
+
+<p>
+<code>lua_tolstring</code> returns a fully aligned pointer
+to a string inside the Lua state.
+This string always has a zero ('<code>\0</code>')
+after its last character (as in C),
+but can contain other zeros in its body.
+Because Lua has garbage collection,
+there is no guarantee that the pointer returned by <code>lua_tolstring</code>
+will be valid after the corresponding value is removed from the stack.
+
+
+
+
+
+<hr><h3><a name="lua_tonumber"><code>lua_tonumber</code></a></h3><p>
+<span class="apii">[-0, +0, –]</span>
+<pre>lua_Number lua_tonumber (lua_State *L, int index);</pre>
+
+<p>
+Equivalent to <a href="#lua_tonumberx"><code>lua_tonumberx</code></a> with <code>isnum</code> equal to <code>NULL</code>.
+
+
+
+
+
+<hr><h3><a name="lua_tonumberx"><code>lua_tonumberx</code></a></h3><p>
+<span class="apii">[-0, +0, –]</span>
+<pre>lua_Number lua_tonumberx (lua_State *L, int index, int *isnum);</pre>
+
+<p>
+Converts the Lua value at the given acceptable index
+to the C type <a href="#lua_Number"><code>lua_Number</code></a> (see <a href="#lua_Number"><code>lua_Number</code></a>).
+The Lua value must be a number or a string convertible to a number
+(see <a href="#3.4.2">§3.4.2</a>);
+otherwise, <a href="#lua_tonumberx"><code>lua_tonumberx</code></a> returns 0.
+
+
+<p>
+If <code>isnum</code> is not <code>NULL</code>,
+its referent is assigned a boolean value that
+indicates whether the operation succeeded.
+
+
+
+
+
+<hr><h3><a name="lua_topointer"><code>lua_topointer</code></a></h3><p>
+<span class="apii">[-0, +0, –]</span>
+<pre>const void *lua_topointer (lua_State *L, int index);</pre>
+
+<p>
+Converts the value at the given acceptable index to a generic
+C pointer (<code>void*</code>).
+The value can be a userdata, a table, a thread, or a function;
+otherwise, <code>lua_topointer</code> returns <code>NULL</code>.
+Different objects will give different pointers.
+There is no way to convert the pointer back to its original value.
+
+
+<p>
+Typically this function is used only for debug information.
+
+
+
+
+
+<hr><h3><a name="lua_tostring"><code>lua_tostring</code></a></h3><p>
+<span class="apii">[-0, +0, <em>m</em>]</span>
+<pre>const char *lua_tostring (lua_State *L, int index);</pre>
+
+<p>
+Equivalent to <a href="#lua_tolstring"><code>lua_tolstring</code></a> with <code>len</code> equal to <code>NULL</code>.
+
+
+
+
+
+<hr><h3><a name="lua_tothread"><code>lua_tothread</code></a></h3><p>
+<span class="apii">[-0, +0, –]</span>
+<pre>lua_State *lua_tothread (lua_State *L, int index);</pre>
+
+<p>
+Converts the value at the given acceptable index to a Lua thread
+(represented as <code>lua_State*</code>).
+This value must be a thread;
+otherwise, the function returns <code>NULL</code>.
+
+
+
+
+
+<hr><h3><a name="lua_tounsigned"><code>lua_tounsigned</code></a></h3><p>
+<span class="apii">[-0, +0, –]</span>
+<pre>lua_Unsigned lua_tounsigned (lua_State *L, int index);</pre>
+
+<p>
+Equivalent to <a href="#lua_tounsignedx"><code>lua_tounsignedx</code></a> with <code>isnum</code> equal to <code>NULL</code>.
+
+
+
+
+
+<hr><h3><a name="lua_tounsignedx"><code>lua_tounsignedx</code></a></h3><p>
+<span class="apii">[-0, +0, –]</span>
+<pre>lua_Unsigned lua_tounsignedx (lua_State *L, int index, int *isnum);</pre>
+
+<p>
+Converts the Lua value at the given acceptable index
+to the unsigned integral type <a href="#lua_Unsigned"><code>lua_Unsigned</code></a>.
+The Lua value must be a number or a string convertible to a number
+(see <a href="#3.4.2">§3.4.2</a>);
+otherwise, <code>lua_tounsignedx</code> returns 0.
+
+
+<p>
+If the number is not an integer,
+it is truncated in some non-specified way.
+If the number is outside the range of representable values,
+it is normalized to the remainder of its division by
+one more than the maximum representable value.
+
+
+<p>
+If <code>isnum</code> is not <code>NULL</code>,
+its referent is assigned a boolean value that
+indicates whether the operation succeeded.
+
+
+
+
+
+<hr><h3><a name="lua_touserdata"><code>lua_touserdata</code></a></h3><p>
+<span class="apii">[-0, +0, –]</span>
+<pre>void *lua_touserdata (lua_State *L, int index);</pre>
+
+<p>
+If the value at the given acceptable index is a full userdata,
+returns its block address.
+If the value is a light userdata,
+returns its pointer.
+Otherwise, returns <code>NULL</code>.
+
+
+
+
+
+<hr><h3><a name="lua_type"><code>lua_type</code></a></h3><p>
+<span class="apii">[-0, +0, –]</span>
+<pre>int lua_type (lua_State *L, int index);</pre>
+
+<p>
+Returns the type of the value in the given acceptable index,
+or <code>LUA_TNONE</code> for a non-valid index.
+The types returned by <a href="#lua_type"><code>lua_type</code></a> are coded by the following constants
+defined in <code>lua.h</code>:
+<a name="pdf-LUA_TNIL"><code>LUA_TNIL</code></a>,
+<a name="pdf-LUA_TNUMBER"><code>LUA_TNUMBER</code></a>,
+<a name="pdf-LUA_TBOOLEAN"><code>LUA_TBOOLEAN</code></a>,
+<a name="pdf-LUA_TSTRING"><code>LUA_TSTRING</code></a>,
+<a name="pdf-LUA_TTABLE"><code>LUA_TTABLE</code></a>,
+<a name="pdf-LUA_TFUNCTION"><code>LUA_TFUNCTION</code></a>,
+<a name="pdf-LUA_TUSERDATA"><code>LUA_TUSERDATA</code></a>,
+<a name="pdf-LUA_TTHREAD"><code>LUA_TTHREAD</code></a>,
+and
+<a name="pdf-LUA_TLIGHTUSERDATA"><code>LUA_TLIGHTUSERDATA</code></a>.
+
+
+
+
+
+<hr><h3><a name="lua_typename"><code>lua_typename</code></a></h3><p>
+<span class="apii">[-0, +0, –]</span>
+<pre>const char *lua_typename (lua_State *L, int tp);</pre>
+
+<p>
+Returns the name of the type encoded by the value <code>tp</code>,
+which must be one the values returned by <a href="#lua_type"><code>lua_type</code></a>.
+
+
+
+
+
+<hr><h3><a name="lua_Unsigned"><code>lua_Unsigned</code></a></h3>
+<pre>typedef unsigned long lua_Unsigned;</pre>
+
+<p>
+The type used by the Lua API to represent unsigned integral values.
+It must have at least 32 bits.
+
+
+<p>
+By default it is an <code>unsigned int</code> or an <code>unsigned long</code>,
+whichever can hold 32-bit values.
+
+
+
+
+
+<hr><h3><a name="lua_version"><code>lua_version</code></a></h3><p>
+<span class="apii">[-0, +0, <em>v</em>]</span>
+<pre>const lua_Number *lua_version (lua_State *L);</pre>
+
+<p>
+Returns the address of the version number stored in the Lua core.
+When called with a valid <a href="#lua_State"><code>lua_State</code></a>,
+returns the address of the version used to create that state.
+When called with <code>NULL</code>,
+returns the address of the version running the call.
+
+
+
+
+
+<hr><h3><a name="lua_Writer"><code>lua_Writer</code></a></h3>
+<pre>typedef int (*lua_Writer) (lua_State *L,
+ const void* p,
+ size_t sz,
+ void* ud);</pre>
+
+<p>
+The type of the writer function used by <a href="#lua_dump"><code>lua_dump</code></a>.
+Every time it produces another piece of chunk,
+<a href="#lua_dump"><code>lua_dump</code></a> calls the writer,
+passing along the buffer to be written (<code>p</code>),
+its size (<code>sz</code>),
+and the <code>data</code> parameter supplied to <a href="#lua_dump"><code>lua_dump</code></a>.
+
+
+<p>
+The writer returns an error code:
+0 means no errors;
+any other value means an error and stops <a href="#lua_dump"><code>lua_dump</code></a> from
+calling the writer again.
+
+
+
+
+
+<hr><h3><a name="lua_xmove"><code>lua_xmove</code></a></h3><p>
+<span class="apii">[-?, +?, –]</span>
+<pre>void lua_xmove (lua_State *from, lua_State *to, int n);</pre>
+
+<p>
+Exchange values between different threads of the same state.
+
+
+<p>
+This function pops <code>n</code> values from the stack <code>from</code>,
+and pushes them onto the stack <code>to</code>.
+
+
+
+
+
+<hr><h3><a name="lua_yield"><code>lua_yield</code></a></h3><p>
+<span class="apii">[-?, +?, –]</span>
+<pre>int lua_yield (lua_State *L, int nresults);</pre>
+
+<p>
+This function is equivalent to <a href="#lua_yieldk"><code>lua_yieldk</code></a>,
+but it has no continuation (see <a href="#4.7">§4.7</a>).
+Therefore, when the thread resumes,
+it returns to the function that called
+the function calling <code>lua_yield</code>.
+
+
+
+
+
+<hr><h3><a name="lua_yieldk"><code>lua_yieldk</code></a></h3><p>
+<span class="apii">[-?, +?, –]</span>
+<pre>int lua_yieldk (lua_State *L, int nresults, int ctx, lua_CFunction k);</pre>
+
+<p>
+Yields a coroutine.
+
+
+<p>
+This function should only be called as the
+return expression of a C function, as follows:
+
+<pre>
+ return lua_yieldk (L, n, i, k);
+</pre><p>
+When a C function calls <a href="#lua_yieldk"><code>lua_yieldk</code></a> in that way,
+the running coroutine suspends its execution,
+and the call to <a href="#lua_resume"><code>lua_resume</code></a> that started this coroutine returns.
+The parameter <code>nresults</code> is the number of values from the stack
+that are passed as results to <a href="#lua_resume"><code>lua_resume</code></a>.
+
+
+<p>
+When the coroutine is resumed again,
+Lua calls the given continuation function <code>k</code> to continue
+the execution of the C function that yielded (see <a href="#4.7">§4.7</a>).
+This continuation function receives the same stack
+from the previous function,
+with the results removed and
+replaced by the arguments passed to <a href="#lua_resume"><code>lua_resume</code></a>.
+Moreover,
+the continuation function may access the value <code>ctx</code>
+by calling <a href="#lua_getctx"><code>lua_getctx</code></a>.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+<h2>4.9 – <a name="4.9">The Debug Interface</a></h2>
+
+<p>
+Lua has no built-in debugging facilities.
+Instead, it offers a special interface
+by means of functions and <em>hooks</em>.
+This interface allows the construction of different
+kinds of debuggers, profilers, and other tools
+that need "inside information" from the interpreter.
+
+
+
+<hr><h3><a name="lua_Debug"><code>lua_Debug</code></a></h3>
+<pre>typedef struct lua_Debug {
+ int event;
+ const char *name; /* (n) */
+ const char *namewhat; /* (n) */
+ const char *what; /* (S) */
+ const char *source; /* (S) */
+ int currentline; /* (l) */
+ int linedefined; /* (S) */
+ int lastlinedefined; /* (S) */
+ unsigned char nups; /* (u) number of upvalues */
+ unsigned char nparams; /* (u) number of parameters */
+ char isvararg; /* (u) */
+ char istailcall; /* (t) */
+ char short_src[LUA_IDSIZE]; /* (S) */
+ /* private part */
+ <em>other fields</em>
+} lua_Debug;</pre>
+
+<p>
+A structure used to carry different pieces of
+information about a function or an activation record.
+<a href="#lua_getstack"><code>lua_getstack</code></a> fills only the private part
+of this structure, for later use.
+To fill the other fields of <a href="#lua_Debug"><code>lua_Debug</code></a> with useful information,
+call <a href="#lua_getinfo"><code>lua_getinfo</code></a>.
+
+
+<p>
+The fields of <a href="#lua_Debug"><code>lua_Debug</code></a> have the following meaning:
+
+<ul>
+
+<li><b><code>source</code>: </b>
+the source of the chunk that created the function.
+If <code>source</code> starts with a '<code>@</code>',
+it means that the function was defined in a file where
+the file name follows the '<code>@</code>'.
+If <code>source</code> starts with a '<code>=</code>',
+the remainder of its contents describe the source in a user-dependent manner.
+Otherwise,
+the function was defined in a string where
+<code>source</code> is that string.
+</li>
+
+<li><b><code>short_src</code>: </b>
+a "printable" version of <code>source</code>, to be used in error messages.
+</li>
+
+<li><b><code>linedefined</code>: </b>
+the line number where the definition of the function starts.
+</li>
+
+<li><b><code>lastlinedefined</code>: </b>
+the line number where the definition of the function ends.
+</li>
+
+<li><b><code>what</code>: </b>
+the string <code>"Lua"</code> if the function is a Lua function,
+<code>"C"</code> if it is a C function,
+<code>"main"</code> if it is the main part of a chunk.
+</li>
+
+<li><b><code>currentline</code>: </b>
+the current line where the given function is executing.
+When no line information is available,
+<code>currentline</code> is set to -1.
+</li>
+
+<li><b><code>name</code>: </b>
+a reasonable name for the given function.
+Because functions in Lua are first-class values,
+they do not have a fixed name:
+some functions can be the value of multiple global variables,
+while others can be stored only in a table field.
+The <code>lua_getinfo</code> function checks how the function was
+called to find a suitable name.
+If it cannot find a name,
+then <code>name</code> is set to <code>NULL</code>.
+</li>
+
+<li><b><code>namewhat</code>: </b>
+explains the <code>name</code> field.
+The value of <code>namewhat</code> can be
+<code>"global"</code>, <code>"local"</code>, <code>"method"</code>,
+<code>"field"</code>, <code>"upvalue"</code>, or <code>""</code> (the empty string),
+according to how the function was called.
+(Lua uses the empty string when no other option seems to apply.)
+</li>
+
+<li><b><code>istailcall</code>: </b>
+true if this function invocation was called by a tail call.
+In this case, the caller of this level is not in the stack.
+</li>
+
+<li><b><code>nups</code>: </b>
+the number of upvalues of the function.
+</li>
+
+<li><b><code>nparams</code>: </b>
+the number of fixed parameters of the function
+(always 0 for C functions).
+</li>
+
+<li><b><code>isvararg</code>: </b>
+true if the function is a vararg function
+(always true for C functions).
+</li>
+
+</ul>
+
+
+
+
+<hr><h3><a name="lua_gethook"><code>lua_gethook</code></a></h3><p>
+<span class="apii">[-0, +0, –]</span>
+<pre>lua_Hook lua_gethook (lua_State *L);</pre>
+
+<p>
+Returns the current hook function.
+
+
+
+
+
+<hr><h3><a name="lua_gethookcount"><code>lua_gethookcount</code></a></h3><p>
+<span class="apii">[-0, +0, –]</span>
+<pre>int lua_gethookcount (lua_State *L);</pre>
+
+<p>
+Returns the current hook count.
+
+
+
+
+
+<hr><h3><a name="lua_gethookmask"><code>lua_gethookmask</code></a></h3><p>
+<span class="apii">[-0, +0, –]</span>
+<pre>int lua_gethookmask (lua_State *L);</pre>
+
+<p>
+Returns the current hook mask.
+
+
+
+
+
+<hr><h3><a name="lua_getinfo"><code>lua_getinfo</code></a></h3><p>
+<span class="apii">[-(0|1), +(0|1|2), <em>m</em>]</span>
+<pre>int lua_getinfo (lua_State *L, const char *what, lua_Debug *ar);</pre>
+
+<p>
+Returns information about a specific function or function invocation.
+
+
+<p>
+To get information about a function invocation,
+the parameter <code>ar</code> must be a valid activation record that was
+filled by a previous call to <a href="#lua_getstack"><code>lua_getstack</code></a> or
+given as argument to a hook (see <a href="#lua_Hook"><code>lua_Hook</code></a>).
+
+
+<p>
+To get information about a function you push it onto the stack
+and start the <code>what</code> string with the character '<code>></code>'.
+(In that case,
+<code>lua_getinfo</code> pops the function from the top of the stack.)
+For instance, to know in which line a function <code>f</code> was defined,
+you can write the following code:
+
+<pre>
+ lua_Debug ar;
+ lua_getglobal(L, "f"); /* get global 'f' */
+ lua_getinfo(L, ">S", &ar);
+ printf("%d\n", ar.linedefined);
+</pre>
+
+<p>
+Each character in the string <code>what</code>
+selects some fields of the structure <code>ar</code> to be filled or
+a value to be pushed on the stack:
+
+<ul>
+
+<li><b>'<code>n</code>': </b> fills in the field <code>name</code> and <code>namewhat</code>;
+</li>
+
+<li><b>'<code>S</code>': </b>
+fills in the fields <code>source</code>, <code>short_src</code>,
+<code>linedefined</code>, <code>lastlinedefined</code>, and <code>what</code>;
+</li>
+
+<li><b>'<code>l</code>': </b> fills in the field <code>currentline</code>;
+</li>
+
+<li><b>'<code>t</code>': </b> fills in the field <code>istailcall</code>;
+</li>
+
+<li><b>'<code>u</code>': </b> fills in the fields
+<code>nups</code>, <code>nparams</code>, and <code>isvararg</code>;
+</li>
+
+<li><b>'<code>f</code>': </b>
+pushes onto the stack the function that is
+running at the given level;
+</li>
+
+<li><b>'<code>L</code>': </b>
+pushes onto the stack a table whose indices are the
+numbers of the lines that are valid on the function.
+(A <em>valid line</em> is a line with some associated code,
+that is, a line where you can put a break point.
+Non-valid lines include empty lines and comments.)
+</li>
+
+</ul>
+
+<p>
+This function returns 0 on error
+(for instance, an invalid option in <code>what</code>).
+
+
+
+
+
+<hr><h3><a name="lua_getlocal"><code>lua_getlocal</code></a></h3><p>
+<span class="apii">[-0, +(0|1), –]</span>
+<pre>const char *lua_getlocal (lua_State *L, lua_Debug *ar, int n);</pre>
+
+<p>
+Gets information about a local variable of
+a given activation record or a given function.
+
+
+<p>
+In the first case,
+the parameter <code>ar</code> must be a valid activation record that was
+filled by a previous call to <a href="#lua_getstack"><code>lua_getstack</code></a> or
+given as argument to a hook (see <a href="#lua_Hook"><code>lua_Hook</code></a>).
+The index <code>n</code> selects which local variable to inspect;
+see <a href="#pdf-debug.getlocal"><code>debug.getlocal</code></a> for details about variable indices
+and names.
+
+
+<p>
+<a href="#lua_getlocal"><code>lua_getlocal</code></a> pushes the variable's value onto the stack
+and returns its name.
+
+
+<p>
+In the second case, <code>ar</code> should be <code>NULL</code> and the function
+to be inspected must be at the top of the stack.
+In this case, only parameters of Lua functions are visible
+(as there is no information about what variables are active)
+and no values are pushed onto the stack.
+
+
+<p>
+Returns <code>NULL</code> (and pushes nothing)
+when the index is greater than
+the number of active local variables.
+
+
+
+
+
+<hr><h3><a name="lua_getstack"><code>lua_getstack</code></a></h3><p>
+<span class="apii">[-0, +0, –]</span>
+<pre>int lua_getstack (lua_State *L, int level, lua_Debug *ar);</pre>
+
+<p>
+Get information about the interpreter runtime stack.
+
+
+<p>
+This function fills parts of a <a href="#lua_Debug"><code>lua_Debug</code></a> structure with
+an identification of the <em>activation record</em>
+of the function executing at a given level.
+Level 0 is the current running function,
+whereas level <em>n+1</em> is the function that has called level <em>n</em>
+(except for tail calls, which do not count on the stack).
+When there are no errors, <a href="#lua_getstack"><code>lua_getstack</code></a> returns 1;
+when called with a level greater than the stack depth,
+it returns 0.
+
+
+
+
+
+<hr><h3><a name="lua_getupvalue"><code>lua_getupvalue</code></a></h3><p>
+<span class="apii">[-0, +(0|1), –]</span>
+<pre>const char *lua_getupvalue (lua_State *L, int funcindex, int n);</pre>
+
+<p>
+Gets information about a closure's upvalue.
+(For Lua functions,
+upvalues are the external local variables that the function uses,
+and that are consequently included in its closure.)
+<a href="#lua_getupvalue"><code>lua_getupvalue</code></a> gets the index <code>n</code> of an upvalue,
+pushes the upvalue's value onto the stack,
+and returns its name.
+<code>funcindex</code> points to the closure in the stack.
+(Upvalues have no particular order,
+as they are active through the whole function.
+So, they are numbered in an arbitrary order.)
+
+
+<p>
+Returns <code>NULL</code> (and pushes nothing)
+when the index is greater than the number of upvalues.
+For C functions, this function uses the empty string <code>""</code>
+as a name for all upvalues.
+
+
+
+
+
+<hr><h3><a name="lua_Hook"><code>lua_Hook</code></a></h3>
+<pre>typedef void (*lua_Hook) (lua_State *L, lua_Debug *ar);</pre>
+
+<p>
+Type for debugging hook functions.
+
+
+<p>
+Whenever a hook is called, its <code>ar</code> argument has its field
+<code>event</code> set to the specific event that triggered the hook.
+Lua identifies these events with the following constants:
+<a name="pdf-LUA_HOOKCALL"><code>LUA_HOOKCALL</code></a>, <a name="pdf-LUA_HOOKRET"><code>LUA_HOOKRET</code></a>,
+<a name="pdf-LUA_HOOKTAILCALL"><code>LUA_HOOKTAILCALL</code></a>, <a name="pdf-LUA_HOOKLINE"><code>LUA_HOOKLINE</code></a>,
+and <a name="pdf-LUA_HOOKCOUNT"><code>LUA_HOOKCOUNT</code></a>.
+Moreover, for line events, the field <code>currentline</code> is also set.
+To get the value of any other field in <code>ar</code>,
+the hook must call <a href="#lua_getinfo"><code>lua_getinfo</code></a>.
+
+
+<p>
+For call events, <code>event</code> can be <code>LUA_HOOKCALL</code>,
+the normal value, or <code>LUA_HOOKTAILCALL</code>, for a tail call;
+in this case, there will be no corresponding return event.
+
+
+<p>
+While Lua is running a hook, it disables other calls to hooks.
+Therefore, if a hook calls back Lua to execute a function or a chunk,
+this execution occurs without any calls to hooks.
+
+
+
+
+
+<hr><h3><a name="lua_sethook"><code>lua_sethook</code></a></h3><p>
+<span class="apii">[-0, +0, –]</span>
+<pre>int lua_sethook (lua_State *L, lua_Hook f, int mask, int count);</pre>
+
+<p>
+Sets the debugging hook function.
+
+
+<p>
+Argument <code>f</code> is the hook function.
+<code>mask</code> specifies on which events the hook will be called:
+it is formed by a bitwise or of the constants
+<a name="pdf-LUA_MASKCALL"><code>LUA_MASKCALL</code></a>,
+<a name="pdf-LUA_MASKRET"><code>LUA_MASKRET</code></a>,
+<a name="pdf-LUA_MASKLINE"><code>LUA_MASKLINE</code></a>,
+and <a name="pdf-LUA_MASKCOUNT"><code>LUA_MASKCOUNT</code></a>.
+The <code>count</code> argument is only meaningful when the mask
+includes <code>LUA_MASKCOUNT</code>.
+For each event, the hook is called as explained below:
+
+<ul>
+
+<li><b>The call hook: </b> is called when the interpreter calls a function.
+The hook is called just after Lua enters the new function,
+before the function gets its arguments.
+</li>
+
+<li><b>The return hook: </b> is called when the interpreter returns from a function.
+The hook is called just before Lua leaves the function.
+There is no standard way to access the values
+to be returned by the function.
+</li>
+
+<li><b>The line hook: </b> is called when the interpreter is about to
+start the execution of a new line of code,
+or when it jumps back in the code (even to the same line).
+(This event only happens while Lua is executing a Lua function.)
+</li>
+
+<li><b>The count hook: </b> is called after the interpreter executes every
+<code>count</code> instructions.
+(This event only happens while Lua is executing a Lua function.)
+</li>
+
+</ul>
+
+<p>
+A hook is disabled by setting <code>mask</code> to zero.
+
+
+
+
+
+<hr><h3><a name="lua_setlocal"><code>lua_setlocal</code></a></h3><p>
+<span class="apii">[-(0|1), +0, –]</span>
+<pre>const char *lua_setlocal (lua_State *L, lua_Debug *ar, int n);</pre>
+
+<p>
+Sets the value of a local variable of a given activation record.
+Parameters <code>ar</code> and <code>n</code> are as in <a href="#lua_getlocal"><code>lua_getlocal</code></a>
+(see <a href="#lua_getlocal"><code>lua_getlocal</code></a>).
+<a href="#lua_setlocal"><code>lua_setlocal</code></a> assigns the value at the top of the stack
+to the variable and returns its name.
+It also pops the value from the stack.
+
+
+<p>
+Returns <code>NULL</code> (and pops nothing)
+when the index is greater than
+the number of active local variables.
+
+
+
+
+
+<hr><h3><a name="lua_setupvalue"><code>lua_setupvalue</code></a></h3><p>
+<span class="apii">[-(0|1), +0, –]</span>
+<pre>const char *lua_setupvalue (lua_State *L, int funcindex, int n);</pre>
+
+<p>
+Sets the value of a closure's upvalue.
+It assigns the value at the top of the stack
+to the upvalue and returns its name.
+It also pops the value from the stack.
+Parameters <code>funcindex</code> and <code>n</code> are as in the <a href="#lua_getupvalue"><code>lua_getupvalue</code></a>
+(see <a href="#lua_getupvalue"><code>lua_getupvalue</code></a>).
+
+
+<p>
+Returns <code>NULL</code> (and pops nothing)
+when the index is greater than the number of upvalues.
+
+
+
+
+
+<hr><h3><a name="lua_upvalueid"><code>lua_upvalueid</code></a></h3><p>
+<span class="apii">[-0, +0, –]</span>
+<pre>void *lua_upvalueid (lua_State *L, int funcindex, int n);</pre>
+
+<p>
+Returns an unique identifier for the upvalue numbered <code>n</code>
+from the closure at index <code>fidx</code>.
+Parameters <code>funcindex</code> and <code>n</code> are as in the <a href="#lua_getupvalue"><code>lua_getupvalue</code></a>
+(see <a href="#lua_getupvalue"><code>lua_getupvalue</code></a>)
+(but <code>n</code> cannot be greater than the number of upvalues).
+
+
+<p>
+These unique identifiers allow a program to check whether different
+closures share upvalues.
+Lua closures that share an upvalue
+(that is, that access a same external local variable)
+will return identical ids for those upvalue indices.
+
+
+
+
+
+<hr><h3><a name="lua_upvaluejoin"><code>lua_upvaluejoin</code></a></h3>
+<pre>void lua_upvaluejoin (lua_State *L, int fidx1, int n1,
+ int fidx2, int n2);</pre>
+
+<p>
+Make the <code>n1</code>-th upvalue of the Lua closure at index <code>fidx1</code>
+refer to the <code>n2</code>-th upvalue of the Lua closure at index <code>fidx2</code>.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+<h1>5 – <a name="5">The Auxiliary Library</a></h1>
+
+<p>
+
+The <em>auxiliary library</em> provides several convenient functions
+to interface C with Lua.
+While the basic API provides the primitive functions for all
+interactions between C and Lua,
+the auxiliary library provides higher-level functions for some
+common tasks.
+
+
+<p>
+All functions and types from the auxiliary library
+are defined in header file <code>lauxlib.h</code> and
+have a prefix <code>luaL_</code>.
+
+
+<p>
+All functions in the auxiliary library are built on
+top of the basic API,
+and so they provide nothing that cannot be done with that API.
+Nevertheless, the use of the auxiliary library ensures
+more consistency to your code.
+
+
+<p>
+Several functions in the auxiliary library use internally some
+extra stack slots.
+When a function in the auxiliary library uses less than five slots,
+it does not check the stack size;
+it simply assumes that there are enough slots.
+
+
+<p>
+Several functions in the auxiliary library are used to
+check C function arguments.
+Because the error message is formatted for arguments
+(e.g., "<code>bad argument #1</code>"),
+you should not use these functions for other stack values.
+
+
+<p>
+Functions called <code>luaL_check*</code>
+always throw an error if the check is not satisfied.
+
+
+
+<h2>5.1 – <a name="5.1">Functions and Types</a></h2>
+
+<p>
+Here we list all functions and types from the auxiliary library
+in alphabetical order.
+
+
+
+<hr><h3><a name="luaL_addchar"><code>luaL_addchar</code></a></h3><p>
+<span class="apii">[-?, +?, <em>m</em>]</span>
+<pre>void luaL_addchar (luaL_Buffer *B, char c);</pre>
+
+<p>
+Adds the byte <code>c</code> to the buffer <code>B</code>
+(see <a href="#luaL_Buffer"><code>luaL_Buffer</code></a>).
+
+
+
+
+
+<hr><h3><a name="luaL_addlstring"><code>luaL_addlstring</code></a></h3><p>
+<span class="apii">[-?, +?, <em>m</em>]</span>
+<pre>void luaL_addlstring (luaL_Buffer *B, const char *s, size_t l);</pre>
+
+<p>
+Adds the string pointed to by <code>s</code> with length <code>l</code> to
+the buffer <code>B</code>
+(see <a href="#luaL_Buffer"><code>luaL_Buffer</code></a>).
+The string can contain embedded zeros.
+
+
+
+
+
+<hr><h3><a name="luaL_addsize"><code>luaL_addsize</code></a></h3><p>
+<span class="apii">[-?, +?, <em>m</em>]</span>
+<pre>void luaL_addsize (luaL_Buffer *B, size_t n);</pre>
+
+<p>
+Adds to the buffer <code>B</code> (see <a href="#luaL_Buffer"><code>luaL_Buffer</code></a>)
+a string of length <code>n</code> previously copied to the
+buffer area (see <a href="#luaL_prepbuffer"><code>luaL_prepbuffer</code></a>).
+
+
+
+
+
+<hr><h3><a name="luaL_addstring"><code>luaL_addstring</code></a></h3><p>
+<span class="apii">[-?, +?, <em>m</em>]</span>
+<pre>void luaL_addstring (luaL_Buffer *B, const char *s);</pre>
+
+<p>
+Adds the zero-terminated string pointed to by <code>s</code>
+to the buffer <code>B</code>
+(see <a href="#luaL_Buffer"><code>luaL_Buffer</code></a>).
+The string cannot contain embedded zeros.
+
+
+
+
+
+<hr><h3><a name="luaL_addvalue"><code>luaL_addvalue</code></a></h3><p>
+<span class="apii">[-1, +?, <em>m</em>]</span>
+<pre>void luaL_addvalue (luaL_Buffer *B);</pre>
+
+<p>
+Adds the value at the top of the stack
+to the buffer <code>B</code>
+(see <a href="#luaL_Buffer"><code>luaL_Buffer</code></a>).
+Pops the value.
+
+
+<p>
+This is the only function on string buffers that can (and must)
+be called with an extra element on the stack,
+which is the value to be added to the buffer.
+
+
+
+
+
+<hr><h3><a name="luaL_argcheck"><code>luaL_argcheck</code></a></h3><p>
+<span class="apii">[-0, +0, <em>v</em>]</span>
+<pre>void luaL_argcheck (lua_State *L,
+ int cond,
+ int narg,
+ const char *extramsg);</pre>
+
+<p>
+Checks whether <code>cond</code> is true.
+If not, raises an error with a standard message.
+
+
+
+
+
+<hr><h3><a name="luaL_argerror"><code>luaL_argerror</code></a></h3><p>
+<span class="apii">[-0, +0, <em>v</em>]</span>
+<pre>int luaL_argerror (lua_State *L, int narg, const char *extramsg);</pre>
+
+<p>
+Raises an error with a standard message
+that includes <code>extramsg</code> as a comment.
+
+
+<p>
+This function never returns,
+but it is an idiom to use it in C functions
+as <code>return luaL_argerror(<em>args</em>)</code>.
+
+
+
+
+
+<hr><h3><a name="luaL_Buffer"><code>luaL_Buffer</code></a></h3>
+<pre>typedef struct luaL_Buffer luaL_Buffer;</pre>
+
+<p>
+Type for a <em>string buffer</em>.
+
+
+<p>
+A string buffer allows C code to build Lua strings piecemeal.
+Its pattern of use is as follows:
+
+<ul>
+
+<li>First declare a variable <code>b</code> of type <a href="#luaL_Buffer"><code>luaL_Buffer</code></a>.</li>
+
+<li>Then initialize it with a call <code>luaL_buffinit(L, &b)</code>.</li>
+
+<li>
+Then add string pieces to the buffer calling any of
+the <code>luaL_add*</code> functions.
+</li>
+
+<li>
+Finish by calling <code>luaL_pushresult(&b)</code>.
+This call leaves the final string on the top of the stack.
+</li>
+
+</ul>
+
+<p>
+If you know beforehand the total size of the resulting string,
+you can use the buffer like this:
+
+<ul>
+
+<li>First declare a variable <code>b</code> of type <a href="#luaL_Buffer"><code>luaL_Buffer</code></a>.</li>
+
+<li>Then initialize it and preallocate a space of
+size <code>sz</code> with a call <code>luaL_buffinitsize(L, &b, sz)</code>.</li>
+
+<li>Then copy the string into that space.</li>
+
+<li>
+Finish by calling <code>luaL_pushresult(&b, sz)</code>,
+where <code>sz</code> is the total size of the resulting string
+copied into that space.
+</li>
+
+</ul>
+
+<p>
+During its normal operation,
+a string buffer uses a variable number of stack slots.
+So, while using a buffer, you cannot assume that you know where
+the top of the stack is.
+You can use the stack between successive calls to buffer operations
+as long as that use is balanced;
+that is,
+when you call a buffer operation,
+the stack is at the same level
+it was immediately after the previous buffer operation.
+(The only exception to this rule is <a href="#luaL_addvalue"><code>luaL_addvalue</code></a>.)
+After calling <a href="#luaL_pushresult"><code>luaL_pushresult</code></a> the stack is back to its
+level when the buffer was initialized,
+plus the final string on its top.
+
+
+
+
+
+<hr><h3><a name="luaL_buffinit"><code>luaL_buffinit</code></a></h3><p>
+<span class="apii">[-0, +0, –]</span>
+<pre>void luaL_buffinit (lua_State *L, luaL_Buffer *B);</pre>
+
+<p>
+Initializes a buffer <code>B</code>.
+This function does not allocate any space;
+the buffer must be declared as a variable
+(see <a href="#luaL_Buffer"><code>luaL_Buffer</code></a>).
+
+
+
+
+
+<hr><h3><a name="luaL_buffinitsize"><code>luaL_buffinitsize</code></a></h3><p>
+<span class="apii">[-?, +?, <em>m</em>]</span>
+<pre>char *luaL_buffinitsize (lua_State *L, luaL_Buffer *B, size_t sz);</pre>
+
+<p>
+Equivalent to the sequence
+<a href="#luaL_buffinit"><code>luaL_buffinit</code></a>, <a href="#luaL_prepbuffsize"><code>luaL_prepbuffsize</code></a>.
+
+
+
+
+
+<hr><h3><a name="luaL_callmeta"><code>luaL_callmeta</code></a></h3><p>
+<span class="apii">[-0, +(0|1), <em>e</em>]</span>
+<pre>int luaL_callmeta (lua_State *L, int obj, const char *e);</pre>
+
+<p>
+Calls a metamethod.
+
+
+<p>
+If the object at index <code>obj</code> has a metatable and this
+metatable has a field <code>e</code>,
+this function calls this field passing the object as its only argument.
+In this case this function returns true and pushes onto the
+stack the value returned by the call.
+If there is no metatable or no metamethod,
+this function returns false (without pushing any value on the stack).
+
+
+
+
+
+<hr><h3><a name="luaL_checkany"><code>luaL_checkany</code></a></h3><p>
+<span class="apii">[-0, +0, <em>v</em>]</span>
+<pre>void luaL_checkany (lua_State *L, int narg);</pre>
+
+<p>
+Checks whether the function has an argument
+of any type (including <b>nil</b>) at position <code>narg</code>.
+
+
+
+
+
+<hr><h3><a name="luaL_checkint"><code>luaL_checkint</code></a></h3><p>
+<span class="apii">[-0, +0, <em>v</em>]</span>
+<pre>int luaL_checkint (lua_State *L, int narg);</pre>
+
+<p>
+Checks whether the function argument <code>narg</code> is a number
+and returns this number cast to an <code>int</code>.
+
+
+
+
+
+<hr><h3><a name="luaL_checkinteger"><code>luaL_checkinteger</code></a></h3><p>
+<span class="apii">[-0, +0, <em>v</em>]</span>
+<pre>lua_Integer luaL_checkinteger (lua_State *L, int narg);</pre>
+
+<p>
+Checks whether the function argument <code>narg</code> is a number
+and returns this number cast to a <a href="#lua_Integer"><code>lua_Integer</code></a>.
+
+
+
+
+
+<hr><h3><a name="luaL_checklong"><code>luaL_checklong</code></a></h3><p>
+<span class="apii">[-0, +0, <em>v</em>]</span>
+<pre>long luaL_checklong (lua_State *L, int narg);</pre>
+
+<p>
+Checks whether the function argument <code>narg</code> is a number
+and returns this number cast to a <code>long</code>.
+
+
+
+
+
+<hr><h3><a name="luaL_checklstring"><code>luaL_checklstring</code></a></h3><p>
+<span class="apii">[-0, +0, <em>v</em>]</span>
+<pre>const char *luaL_checklstring (lua_State *L, int narg, size_t *l);</pre>
+
+<p>
+Checks whether the function argument <code>narg</code> is a string
+and returns this string;
+if <code>l</code> is not <code>NULL</code> fills <code>*l</code>
+with the string's length.
+
+
+<p>
+This function uses <a href="#lua_tolstring"><code>lua_tolstring</code></a> to get its result,
+so all conversions and caveats of that function apply here.
+
+
+
+
+
+<hr><h3><a name="luaL_checknumber"><code>luaL_checknumber</code></a></h3><p>
+<span class="apii">[-0, +0, <em>v</em>]</span>
+<pre>lua_Number luaL_checknumber (lua_State *L, int narg);</pre>
+
+<p>
+Checks whether the function argument <code>narg</code> is a number
+and returns this number.
+
+
+
+
+
+<hr><h3><a name="luaL_checkoption"><code>luaL_checkoption</code></a></h3><p>
+<span class="apii">[-0, +0, <em>v</em>]</span>
+<pre>int luaL_checkoption (lua_State *L,
+ int narg,
+ const char *def,
+ const char *const lst[]);</pre>
+
+<p>
+Checks whether the function argument <code>narg</code> is a string and
+searches for this string in the array <code>lst</code>
+(which must be NULL-terminated).
+Returns the index in the array where the string was found.
+Raises an error if the argument is not a string or
+if the string cannot be found.
+
+
+<p>
+If <code>def</code> is not <code>NULL</code>,
+the function uses <code>def</code> as a default value when
+there is no argument <code>narg</code> or when this argument is <b>nil</b>.
+
+
+<p>
+This is a useful function for mapping strings to C enums.
+(The usual convention in Lua libraries is
+to use strings instead of numbers to select options.)
+
+
+
+
+
+<hr><h3><a name="luaL_checkstack"><code>luaL_checkstack</code></a></h3><p>
+<span class="apii">[-0, +0, <em>v</em>]</span>
+<pre>void luaL_checkstack (lua_State *L, int sz, const char *msg);</pre>
+
+<p>
+Grows the stack size to <code>top + sz</code> elements,
+raising an error if the stack cannot grow to that size.
+<code>msg</code> is an additional text to go into the error message
+(or <code>NULL</code> for no additional text).
+
+
+
+
+
+<hr><h3><a name="luaL_checkstring"><code>luaL_checkstring</code></a></h3><p>
+<span class="apii">[-0, +0, <em>v</em>]</span>
+<pre>const char *luaL_checkstring (lua_State *L, int narg);</pre>
+
+<p>
+Checks whether the function argument <code>narg</code> is a string
+and returns this string.
+
+
+<p>
+This function uses <a href="#lua_tolstring"><code>lua_tolstring</code></a> to get its result,
+so all conversions and caveats of that function apply here.
+
+
+
+
+
+<hr><h3><a name="luaL_checktype"><code>luaL_checktype</code></a></h3><p>
+<span class="apii">[-0, +0, <em>v</em>]</span>
+<pre>void luaL_checktype (lua_State *L, int narg, int t);</pre>
+
+<p>
+Checks whether the function argument <code>narg</code> has type <code>t</code>.
+See <a href="#lua_type"><code>lua_type</code></a> for the encoding of types for <code>t</code>.
+
+
+
+
+
+<hr><h3><a name="luaL_checkudata"><code>luaL_checkudata</code></a></h3><p>
+<span class="apii">[-0, +0, <em>v</em>]</span>
+<pre>void *luaL_checkudata (lua_State *L, int narg, const char *tname);</pre>
+
+<p>
+Checks whether the function argument <code>narg</code> is a userdata
+of the type <code>tname</code> (see <a href="#luaL_newmetatable"><code>luaL_newmetatable</code></a>) and
+returns the userdata address (see <a href="#lua_touserdata"><code>lua_touserdata</code></a>).
+
+
+
+
+
+<hr><h3><a name="luaL_checkunsigned"><code>luaL_checkunsigned</code></a></h3><p>
+<span class="apii">[-0, +0, <em>v</em>]</span>
+<pre>lua_Unsigned luaL_checkunsigned (lua_State *L, int narg);</pre>
+
+<p>
+Checks whether the function argument <code>narg</code> is a number
+and returns this number cast to a <a href="#lua_Unsigned"><code>lua_Unsigned</code></a>.
+
+
+
+
+
+<hr><h3><a name="luaL_checkversion"><code>luaL_checkversion</code></a></h3><p>
+<span class="apii">[-0, +0, –]</span>
+<pre>void luaL_checkversion (lua_State *L);</pre>
+
+<p>
+Checks whether the core running the call,
+the core that created the Lua state,
+and the code making the call are all using the same version of Lua.
+Also checks whether the core running the call
+and the core that created the Lua state
+are using the same address space.
+
+
+
+
+
+<hr><h3><a name="luaL_dofile"><code>luaL_dofile</code></a></h3><p>
+<span class="apii">[-0, +?, <em>m</em>]</span>
+<pre>int luaL_dofile (lua_State *L, const char *filename);</pre>
+
+<p>
+Loads and runs the given file.
+It is defined as the following macro:
+
+<pre>
+ (luaL_loadfile(L, filename) || lua_pcall(L, 0, LUA_MULTRET, 0))
+</pre><p>
+It returns false if there are no errors
+or true in case of errors.
+
+
+
+
+
+<hr><h3><a name="luaL_dostring"><code>luaL_dostring</code></a></h3><p>
+<span class="apii">[-0, +?, –]</span>
+<pre>int luaL_dostring (lua_State *L, const char *str);</pre>
+
+<p>
+Loads and runs the given string.
+It is defined as the following macro:
+
+<pre>
+ (luaL_loadstring(L, str) || lua_pcall(L, 0, LUA_MULTRET, 0))
+</pre><p>
+It returns false if there are no errors
+or true in case of errors.
+
+
+
+
+
+<hr><h3><a name="luaL_error"><code>luaL_error</code></a></h3><p>
+<span class="apii">[-0, +0, <em>v</em>]</span>
+<pre>int luaL_error (lua_State *L, const char *fmt, ...);</pre>
+
+<p>
+Raises an error.
+The error message format is given by <code>fmt</code>
+plus any extra arguments,
+following the same rules of <a href="#lua_pushfstring"><code>lua_pushfstring</code></a>.
+It also adds at the beginning of the message the file name and
+the line number where the error occurred,
+if this information is available.
+
+
+<p>
+This function never returns,
+but it is an idiom to use it in C functions
+as <code>return luaL_error(<em>args</em>)</code>.
+
+
+
+
+
+<hr><h3><a name="luaL_execresult"><code>luaL_execresult</code></a></h3><p>
+<span class="apii">[-0, +3, <em>m</em>]</span>
+<pre>int luaL_execresult (lua_State *L, int stat);</pre>
+
+<p>
+This function produces the return values for
+process-related functions in the standard library
+(<a href="#pdf-os.execute"><code>os.execute</code></a> and <a href="#pdf-io.close"><code>io.close</code></a>).
+
+
+
+
+
+<hr><h3><a name="luaL_fileresult"><code>luaL_fileresult</code></a></h3><p>
+<span class="apii">[-0, +(1|3), <em>m</em>]</span>
+<pre>int luaL_fileresult (lua_State *L, int stat, const char *fname);</pre>
+
+<p>
+This function produces the return values for
+file-related functions in the standard library
+(<a href="#pdf-io.open"><code>io.open</code></a>, <a href="#pdf-os.rename"><code>os.rename</code></a>, <a href="#pdf-file:seek"><code>file:seek</code></a>, etc.).
+
+
+
+
+
+<hr><h3><a name="luaL_getmetafield"><code>luaL_getmetafield</code></a></h3><p>
+<span class="apii">[-0, +(0|1), <em>m</em>]</span>
+<pre>int luaL_getmetafield (lua_State *L, int obj, const char *e);</pre>
+
+<p>
+Pushes onto the stack the field <code>e</code> from the metatable
+of the object at index <code>obj</code>.
+If the object does not have a metatable,
+or if the metatable does not have this field,
+returns false and pushes nothing.
+
+
+
+
+
+<hr><h3><a name="luaL_getmetatable"><code>luaL_getmetatable</code></a></h3><p>
+<span class="apii">[-0, +1, –]</span>
+<pre>void luaL_getmetatable (lua_State *L, const char *tname);</pre>
+
+<p>
+Pushes onto the stack the metatable associated with name <code>tname</code>
+in the registry (see <a href="#luaL_newmetatable"><code>luaL_newmetatable</code></a>).
+
+
+
+
+
+<hr><h3><a name="luaL_getsubtable"><code>luaL_getsubtable</code></a></h3><p>
+<span class="apii">[-0, +1, <em>m</em>]</span>
+<pre>int luaL_getsubtable (lua_State *L, int idx, const char *fname);</pre>
+
+<p>
+Ensures that the value <code>t[fname]</code>,
+where <code>t</code> is the value at the valid index <code>idx</code>,
+is a table,
+and pushes that table onto the stack.
+Returns true if it finds a previous table there
+and false if it creates a new table.
+
+
+
+
+
+<hr><h3><a name="luaL_gsub"><code>luaL_gsub</code></a></h3><p>
+<span class="apii">[-0, +1, <em>m</em>]</span>
+<pre>const char *luaL_gsub (lua_State *L,
+ const char *s,
+ const char *p,
+ const char *r);</pre>
+
+<p>
+Creates a copy of string <code>s</code> by replacing
+any occurrence of the string <code>p</code>
+with the string <code>r</code>.
+Pushes the resulting string on the stack and returns it.
+
+
+
+
+
+<hr><h3><a name="luaL_len"><code>luaL_len</code></a></h3><p>
+<span class="apii">[-0, +1, <em>e</em>]</span>
+<pre>int luaL_len (lua_State *L, int index);</pre>
+
+<p>
+Returns the "length" of the value at the given acceptable index
+as a number;
+it is equivalent to the '<code>#</code>' operator in Lua (see <a href="#3.4.6">§3.4.6</a>).
+Raises an error if the result of the operation is not a number.
+(This only can happen through metamethods.)
+
+
+
+
+
+<hr><h3><a name="luaL_loadbuffer"><code>luaL_loadbuffer</code></a></h3><p>
+<span class="apii">[-0, +1, –]</span>
+<pre>int luaL_loadbuffer (lua_State *L,
+ const char *buff,
+ size_t sz,
+ const char *name);</pre>
+
+<p>
+Equivalent to <a href="#luaL_loadbufferx"><code>luaL_loadbufferx</code></a> with <code>mode</code> equal to <code>NULL</code>.
+
+
+
+
+
+<hr><h3><a name="luaL_loadbufferx"><code>luaL_loadbufferx</code></a></h3><p>
+<span class="apii">[-0, +1, –]</span>
+<pre>int luaL_loadbufferx (lua_State *L,
+ const char *buff,
+ size_t sz,
+ const char *name,
+ const char *mode);</pre>
+
+<p>
+Loads a buffer as a Lua chunk.
+This function uses <a href="#lua_load"><code>lua_load</code></a> to load the chunk in the
+buffer pointed to by <code>buff</code> with size <code>sz</code>.
+
+
+<p>
+This function returns the same results as <a href="#lua_load"><code>lua_load</code></a>.
+<code>name</code> is the chunk name,
+used for debug information and error messages.
+The string <code>mode</code> works as in function <a href="#lua_load"><code>lua_load</code></a>.
+
+
+
+
+
+<hr><h3><a name="luaL_loadfile"><code>luaL_loadfile</code></a></h3><p>
+<span class="apii">[-0, +1, <em>m</em>]</span>
+<pre>int luaL_loadfile (lua_State *L, const char *filename);</pre>
+
+<p>
+Equivalent to <a href="#luaL_loadfilex"><code>luaL_loadfilex</code></a> with <code>mode</code> equal to <code>NULL</code>.
+
+
+
+
+
+<hr><h3><a name="luaL_loadfilex"><code>luaL_loadfilex</code></a></h3><p>
+<span class="apii">[-0, +1, <em>m</em>]</span>
+<pre>int luaL_loadfilex (lua_State *L, const char *filename,
+ const char *mode);</pre>
+
+<p>
+Loads a file as a Lua chunk.
+This function uses <a href="#lua_load"><code>lua_load</code></a> to load the chunk in the file
+named <code>filename</code>.
+If <code>filename</code> is <code>NULL</code>,
+then it loads from the standard input.
+The first line in the file is ignored if it starts with a <code>#</code>.
+
+
+<p>
+The string <code>mode</code> works as in function <a href="#lua_load"><code>lua_load</code></a>.
+
+
+<p>
+This function returns the same results as <a href="#lua_load"><code>lua_load</code></a>,
+but it has an extra error code <a name="pdf-LUA_ERRFILE"><code>LUA_ERRFILE</code></a>
+if it cannot open/read the file or the file has a wrong mode.
+
+
+<p>
+As <a href="#lua_load"><code>lua_load</code></a>, this function only loads the chunk;
+it does not run it.
+
+
+
+
+
+<hr><h3><a name="luaL_loadstring"><code>luaL_loadstring</code></a></h3><p>
+<span class="apii">[-0, +1, –]</span>
+<pre>int luaL_loadstring (lua_State *L, const char *s);</pre>
+
+<p>
+Loads a string as a Lua chunk.
+This function uses <a href="#lua_load"><code>lua_load</code></a> to load the chunk in
+the zero-terminated string <code>s</code>.
+
+
+<p>
+This function returns the same results as <a href="#lua_load"><code>lua_load</code></a>.
+
+
+<p>
+Also as <a href="#lua_load"><code>lua_load</code></a>, this function only loads the chunk;
+it does not run it.
+
+
+
+
+
+<hr><h3><a name="luaL_newlib"><code>luaL_newlib</code></a></h3><p>
+<span class="apii">[-0, +1, <em>m</em>]</span>
+<pre>int luaL_newlib (lua_State *L, const luaL_Reg *l);</pre>
+
+<p>
+Creates a new table and registers there
+the functions in list <code>l</code>.
+It is implemented as the following macro:
+
+<pre>
+ (luaL_newlibtable(L,l), luaL_setfuncs(L,l,0))
+</pre>
+
+
+
+
+<hr><h3><a name="luaL_newlibtable"><code>luaL_newlibtable</code></a></h3><p>
+<span class="apii">[-0, +1, <em>m</em>]</span>
+<pre>int luaL_newlibtable (lua_State *L, const luaL_Reg l[]);</pre>
+
+<p>
+Creates a new table with a size optimized
+to store all entries in the array <code>l</code>
+(but does not actually store them).
+It is intended to be used in conjunction with <a href="#luaL_setfuncs"><code>luaL_setfuncs</code></a>
+(see <a href="#luaL_newlib"><code>luaL_newlib</code></a>).
+
+
+<p>
+It is implemented as a macro.
+The array <code>l</code> must be the actual array,
+not a pointer to it.
+
+
+
+
+
+<hr><h3><a name="luaL_newmetatable"><code>luaL_newmetatable</code></a></h3><p>
+<span class="apii">[-0, +1, <em>m</em>]</span>
+<pre>int luaL_newmetatable (lua_State *L, const char *tname);</pre>
+
+<p>
+If the registry already has the key <code>tname</code>,
+returns 0.
+Otherwise,
+creates a new table to be used as a metatable for userdata,
+adds it to the registry with key <code>tname</code>,
+and returns 1.
+
+
+<p>
+In both cases pushes onto the stack the final value associated
+with <code>tname</code> in the registry.
+
+
+
+
+
+<hr><h3><a name="luaL_newstate"><code>luaL_newstate</code></a></h3><p>
+<span class="apii">[-0, +0, –]</span>
+<pre>lua_State *luaL_newstate (void);</pre>
+
+<p>
+Creates a new Lua state.
+It calls <a href="#lua_newstate"><code>lua_newstate</code></a> with an
+allocator based on the standard C <code>realloc</code> function
+and then sets a panic function (see <a href="#4.6">§4.6</a>) that prints
+an error message to the standard error output in case of fatal
+errors.
+
+
+<p>
+Returns the new state,
+or <code>NULL</code> if there is a memory allocation error.
+
+
+
+
+
+<hr><h3><a name="luaL_openlibs"><code>luaL_openlibs</code></a></h3><p>
+<span class="apii">[-0, +0, <em>e</em>]</span>
+<pre>void luaL_openlibs (lua_State *L);</pre>
+
+<p>
+Opens all standard Lua libraries into the given state.
+
+
+
+
+
+<hr><h3><a name="luaL_optint"><code>luaL_optint</code></a></h3><p>
+<span class="apii">[-0, +0, <em>v</em>]</span>
+<pre>int luaL_optint (lua_State *L, int narg, int d);</pre>
+
+<p>
+If the function argument <code>narg</code> is a number,
+returns this number cast to an <code>int</code>.
+If this argument is absent or is <b>nil</b>,
+returns <code>d</code>.
+Otherwise, raises an error.
+
+
+
+
+
+<hr><h3><a name="luaL_optinteger"><code>luaL_optinteger</code></a></h3><p>
+<span class="apii">[-0, +0, <em>v</em>]</span>
+<pre>lua_Integer luaL_optinteger (lua_State *L,
+ int narg,
+ lua_Integer d);</pre>
+
+<p>
+If the function argument <code>narg</code> is a number,
+returns this number cast to a <a href="#lua_Integer"><code>lua_Integer</code></a>.
+If this argument is absent or is <b>nil</b>,
+returns <code>d</code>.
+Otherwise, raises an error.
+
+
+
+
+
+<hr><h3><a name="luaL_optlong"><code>luaL_optlong</code></a></h3><p>
+<span class="apii">[-0, +0, <em>v</em>]</span>
+<pre>long luaL_optlong (lua_State *L, int narg, long d);</pre>
+
+<p>
+If the function argument <code>narg</code> is a number,
+returns this number cast to a <code>long</code>.
+If this argument is absent or is <b>nil</b>,
+returns <code>d</code>.
+Otherwise, raises an error.
+
+
+
+
+
+<hr><h3><a name="luaL_optlstring"><code>luaL_optlstring</code></a></h3><p>
+<span class="apii">[-0, +0, <em>v</em>]</span>
+<pre>const char *luaL_optlstring (lua_State *L,
+ int narg,
+ const char *d,
+ size_t *l);</pre>
+
+<p>
+If the function argument <code>narg</code> is a string,
+returns this string.
+If this argument is absent or is <b>nil</b>,
+returns <code>d</code>.
+Otherwise, raises an error.
+
+
+<p>
+If <code>l</code> is not <code>NULL</code>,
+fills the position <code>*l</code> with the result's length.
+
+
+
+
+
+<hr><h3><a name="luaL_optnumber"><code>luaL_optnumber</code></a></h3><p>
+<span class="apii">[-0, +0, <em>v</em>]</span>
+<pre>lua_Number luaL_optnumber (lua_State *L, int narg, lua_Number d);</pre>
+
+<p>
+If the function argument <code>narg</code> is a number,
+returns this number.
+If this argument is absent or is <b>nil</b>,
+returns <code>d</code>.
+Otherwise, raises an error.
+
+
+
+
+
+<hr><h3><a name="luaL_optstring"><code>luaL_optstring</code></a></h3><p>
+<span class="apii">[-0, +0, <em>v</em>]</span>
+<pre>const char *luaL_optstring (lua_State *L,
+ int narg,
+ const char *d);</pre>
+
+<p>
+If the function argument <code>narg</code> is a string,
+returns this string.
+If this argument is absent or is <b>nil</b>,
+returns <code>d</code>.
+Otherwise, raises an error.
+
+
+
+
+
+<hr><h3><a name="luaL_optunsigned"><code>luaL_optunsigned</code></a></h3><p>
+<span class="apii">[-0, +0, <em>v</em>]</span>
+<pre>lua_Unsigned luaL_optunsigned (lua_State *L,
+ int narg,
+ lua_Unsigned u);</pre>
+
+<p>
+If the function argument <code>narg</code> is a number,
+returns this number cast to a <a href="#lua_Unsigned"><code>lua_Unsigned</code></a>.
+If this argument is absent or is <b>nil</b>,
+returns <code>u</code>.
+Otherwise, raises an error.
+
+
+
+
+
+<hr><h3><a name="luaL_prepbuffer"><code>luaL_prepbuffer</code></a></h3><p>
+<span class="apii">[-?, +?, <em>m</em>]</span>
+<pre>char *luaL_prepbuffer (luaL_Buffer *B);</pre>
+
+<p>
+Equivalent to <a href="#luaL_prepbuffsize"><code>luaL_prepbuffsize</code></a>
+with the predefined size <a name="pdf-LUAL_BUFFERSIZE"><code>LUAL_BUFFERSIZE</code></a>.
+
+
+
+
+
+<hr><h3><a name="luaL_prepbuffsize"><code>luaL_prepbuffsize</code></a></h3><p>
+<span class="apii">[-?, +?, <em>m</em>]</span>
+<pre>char *luaL_prepbuffsize (luaL_Buffer *B, size_t sz);</pre>
+
+<p>
+Returns an address to a space of size <code>sz</code>
+where you can copy a string to be added to buffer <code>B</code>
+(see <a href="#luaL_Buffer"><code>luaL_Buffer</code></a>).
+After copying the string into this space you must call
+<a href="#luaL_addsize"><code>luaL_addsize</code></a> with the size of the string to actually add
+it to the buffer.
+
+
+
+
+
+<hr><h3><a name="luaL_pushresult"><code>luaL_pushresult</code></a></h3><p>
+<span class="apii">[-?, +1, <em>m</em>]</span>
+<pre>void luaL_pushresult (luaL_Buffer *B);</pre>
+
+<p>
+Finishes the use of buffer <code>B</code> leaving the final string on
+the top of the stack.
+
+
+
+
+
+<hr><h3><a name="luaL_pushresultsize"><code>luaL_pushresultsize</code></a></h3><p>
+<span class="apii">[-?, +1, <em>m</em>]</span>
+<pre>void luaL_pushresultsize (luaL_Buffer *B, size_t sz);</pre>
+
+<p>
+Equivalent to the sequence <a href="#luaL_addsize"><code>luaL_addsize</code></a>, <a href="#luaL_pushresult"><code>luaL_pushresult</code></a>.
+
+
+
+
+
+<hr><h3><a name="luaL_ref"><code>luaL_ref</code></a></h3><p>
+<span class="apii">[-1, +0, <em>m</em>]</span>
+<pre>int luaL_ref (lua_State *L, int t);</pre>
+
+<p>
+Creates and returns a <em>reference</em>,
+in the table at index <code>t</code>,
+for the object at the top of the stack (and pops the object).
+
+
+<p>
+A reference is a unique integer key.
+As long as you do not manually add integer keys into table <code>t</code>,
+<a href="#luaL_ref"><code>luaL_ref</code></a> ensures the uniqueness of the key it returns.
+You can retrieve an object referred by reference <code>r</code>
+by calling <code>lua_rawgeti(L, t, r)</code>.
+Function <a href="#luaL_unref"><code>luaL_unref</code></a> frees a reference and its associated object.
+
+
+<p>
+If the object at the top of the stack is <b>nil</b>,
+<a href="#luaL_ref"><code>luaL_ref</code></a> returns the constant <a name="pdf-LUA_REFNIL"><code>LUA_REFNIL</code></a>.
+The constant <a name="pdf-LUA_NOREF"><code>LUA_NOREF</code></a> is guaranteed to be different
+from any reference returned by <a href="#luaL_ref"><code>luaL_ref</code></a>.
+
+
+
+
+
+<hr><h3><a name="luaL_Reg"><code>luaL_Reg</code></a></h3>
+<pre>typedef struct luaL_Reg {
+ const char *name;
+ lua_CFunction func;
+} luaL_Reg;</pre>
+
+<p>
+Type for arrays of functions to be registered by
+<a href="#luaL_setfuncs"><code>luaL_setfuncs</code></a>.
+<code>name</code> is the function name and <code>func</code> is a pointer to
+the function.
+Any array of <a href="#luaL_Reg"><code>luaL_Reg</code></a> must end with an sentinel entry
+in which both <code>name</code> and <code>func</code> are <code>NULL</code>.
+
+
+
+
+
+<hr><h3><a name="luaL_requiref"><code>luaL_requiref</code></a></h3><p>
+<span class="apii">[-0, +1, <em>e</em>]</span>
+<pre>void luaL_requiref (lua_State *L, const char *modname,
+ lua_CFunction openf, int glb);</pre>
+
+<p>
+Calls function <code>openf</code> with string <code>modname</code> as an argument
+and sets the call result in <code>package.loaded[modname]</code>,
+as if that function has been called through <a href="#pdf-require"><code>require</code></a>.
+
+
+<p>
+If <code>glb</code> is true,
+also stores the result into global <code>modname</code>.
+
+
+<p>
+Leaves a copy of that result on the stack.
+
+
+
+
+
+<hr><h3><a name="luaL_setfuncs"><code>luaL_setfuncs</code></a></h3><p>
+<span class="apii">[-nup, +0, <em>e</em>]</span>
+<pre>void luaL_setfuncs (lua_State *L, const luaL_Reg *l, int nup);</pre>
+
+<p>
+Registers all functions in the array <code>l</code>
+(see <a href="#luaL_Reg"><code>luaL_Reg</code></a>) into the table on the top of the stack
+(below optional upvalues, see next).
+
+
+<p>
+When <code>nup</code> is not zero,
+all functions are created sharing <code>nup</code> upvalues,
+which must be previously pushed on the stack
+on top of the library table.
+These values are popped from the stack after the registration.
+
+
+
+
+
+<hr><h3><a name="luaL_setmetatable"><code>luaL_setmetatable</code></a></h3><p>
+<span class="apii">[-0, +0, –]</span>
+<pre>void luaL_setmetatable (lua_State *L, const char *tname);</pre>
+
+<p>
+Sets the metatable of the object at the top of the stack
+as the metatable associated with name <code>tname</code>
+in the registry (see <a href="#luaL_newmetatable"><code>luaL_newmetatable</code></a>).
+
+
+
+
+
+<hr><h3><a name="luaL_testudata"><code>luaL_testudata</code></a></h3><p>
+<span class="apii">[-0, +0, <em>m</em>]</span>
+<pre>void *luaL_testudata (lua_State *L, int narg, const char *tname);</pre>
+
+<p>
+This function works like <a href="#luaL_checkudata"><code>luaL_checkudata</code></a>,
+except that, when the test fails,
+it returns <code>NULL</code> instead of throwing an error.
+
+
+
+
+
+<hr><h3><a name="luaL_tolstring"><code>luaL_tolstring</code></a></h3><p>
+<span class="apii">[-0, +1, <em>e</em>]</span>
+<pre>const char *luaL_tolstring (lua_State *L, int idx, size_t *len);</pre>
+
+<p>
+Converts any Lua value at the given acceptable index to a C string
+in a reasonable format.
+The resulting string is pushed onto the stack and also
+returned by the function.
+If <code>len</code> is not <code>NULL</code>,
+the function also sets <code>*len</code> with the string length.
+
+
+<p>
+If the value has a metatable with a <code>"__tostring"</code> field,
+then <code>luaL_tolstring</code> calls the corresponding metamethod
+with the value as argument,
+and uses the result of the call as its result.
+
+
+
+
+
+<hr><h3><a name="luaL_traceback"><code>luaL_traceback</code></a></h3><p>
+<span class="apii">[-0, +1, <em>m</em>]</span>
+<pre>void luaL_traceback (lua_State *L, lua_State *L1, const char *msg,
+ int level);</pre>
+
+<p>
+Creates and pushes a traceback of the stack <code>L1</code>.
+If <code>msg</code> is not <code>NULL</code> it is appended
+at the beginning of the traceback.
+The <code>level</code> parameter tells at which level
+to start the traceback.
+
+
+
+
+
+<hr><h3><a name="luaL_typename"><code>luaL_typename</code></a></h3><p>
+<span class="apii">[-0, +0, –]</span>
+<pre>const char *luaL_typename (lua_State *L, int index);</pre>
+
+<p>
+Returns the name of the type of the value at the given index.
+
+
+
+
+
+<hr><h3><a name="luaL_unref"><code>luaL_unref</code></a></h3><p>
+<span class="apii">[-0, +0, –]</span>
+<pre>void luaL_unref (lua_State *L, int t, int ref);</pre>
+
+<p>
+Releases reference <code>ref</code> from the table at index <code>t</code>
+(see <a href="#luaL_ref"><code>luaL_ref</code></a>).
+The entry is removed from the table,
+so that the referred object can be collected.
+The reference <code>ref</code> is also freed to be used again.
+
+
+<p>
+If <code>ref</code> is <a href="#pdf-LUA_NOREF"><code>LUA_NOREF</code></a> or <a href="#pdf-LUA_REFNIL"><code>LUA_REFNIL</code></a>,
+<a href="#luaL_unref"><code>luaL_unref</code></a> does nothing.
+
+
+
+
+
+<hr><h3><a name="luaL_where"><code>luaL_where</code></a></h3><p>
+<span class="apii">[-0, +1, <em>m</em>]</span>
+<pre>void luaL_where (lua_State *L, int lvl);</pre>
+
+<p>
+Pushes onto the stack a string identifying the current position
+of the control at level <code>lvl</code> in the call stack.
+Typically this string has the following format:
+
+<pre>
+ <em>chunkname</em>:<em>currentline</em>:
+</pre><p>
+Level 0 is the running function,
+level 1 is the function that called the running function,
+etc.
+
+
+<p>
+This function is used to build a prefix for error messages.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+<h1>6 – <a name="6">Standard Libraries</a></h1>
+
+<p>
+The standard Lua libraries provide useful functions
+that are implemented directly through the C API.
+Some of these functions provide essential services to the language
+(e.g., <a href="#pdf-type"><code>type</code></a> and <a href="#pdf-getmetatable"><code>getmetatable</code></a>);
+others provide access to "outside" services (e.g., I/O);
+and others could be implemented in Lua itself,
+but are quite useful or have critical performance requirements that
+deserve an implementation in C (e.g., <a href="#pdf-table.sort"><code>table.sort</code></a>).
+
+
+<p>
+All libraries are implemented through the official C API
+and are provided as separate C modules.
+Currently, Lua has the following standard libraries:
+
+<ul>
+
+<li>basic library (<a href="#6.1">§6.1</a>);</li>
+
+<li>coroutine library (<a href="#6.2">§6.2</a>);</li>
+
+<li>package library (<a href="#6.3">§6.3</a>);</li>
+
+<li>string manipulation (<a href="#6.4">§6.4</a>);</li>
+
+<li>table manipulation (<a href="#6.5">§6.5</a>);</li>
+
+<li>mathematical functions (<a href="#6.6">§6.6</a>) (sin, log, etc.);</li>
+
+<li>bitwise operations (<a href="#6.7">§6.7</a>);</li>
+
+<li>input and output (<a href="#6.8">§6.8</a>);</li>
+
+<li>operating system facilities (<a href="#6.9">§6.9</a>);</li>
+
+<li>debug facilities (<a href="#6.10">§6.10</a>).</li>
+
+</ul><p>
+Except for the basic and the package libraries,
+each library provides all its functions as fields of a global table
+or as methods of its objects.
+
+
+<p>
+To have access to these libraries,
+the C host program should call the <a href="#luaL_openlibs"><code>luaL_openlibs</code></a> function,
+which opens all standard libraries.
+Alternatively,
+the host program can open them individually by using
+<a href="#luaL_requiref"><code>luaL_requiref</code></a> to call
+<a name="pdf-luaopen_base"><code>luaopen_base</code></a> (for the basic library),
+<a name="pdf-luaopen_package"><code>luaopen_package</code></a> (for the package library),
+<a name="pdf-luaopen_coroutine"><code>luaopen_coroutine</code></a> (for the coroutine library),
+<a name="pdf-luaopen_string"><code>luaopen_string</code></a> (for the string library),
+<a name="pdf-luaopen_table"><code>luaopen_table</code></a> (for the table library),
+<a name="pdf-luaopen_math"><code>luaopen_math</code></a> (for the mathematical library),
+<a name="pdf-luaopen_bitlib"><code>luaopen_bitlib</code></a> (for the bit library),
+<a name="pdf-luaopen_io"><code>luaopen_io</code></a> (for the I/O library),
+<a name="pdf-luaopen_os"><code>luaopen_os</code></a> (for the Operating System library),
+and <a name="pdf-luaopen_debug"><code>luaopen_debug</code></a> (for the debug library).
+These functions are declared in <a name="pdf-lualib.h"><code>lualib.h</code></a>.
+
+
+
+<h2>6.1 – <a name="6.1">Basic Functions</a></h2>
+
+<p>
+The basic library provides core functions to Lua.
+If you do not include this library in your application,
+you should check carefully whether you need to provide
+implementations for some of its facilities.
+
+
+<p>
+<hr><h3><a name="pdf-assert"><code>assert (v [, message])</code></a></h3>
+Issues an error when
+the value of its argument <code>v</code> is false (i.e., <b>nil</b> or <b>false</b>);
+otherwise, returns all its arguments.
+<code>message</code> is an error message;
+when absent, it defaults to "assertion failed!"
+
+
+
+
+<p>
+<hr><h3><a name="pdf-collectgarbage"><code>collectgarbage ([opt [, arg]])</code></a></h3>
+
+
+<p>
+This function is a generic interface to the garbage collector.
+It performs different functions according to its first argument, <code>opt</code>:
+
+<ul>
+
+<li><b>"<code>collect</code>": </b>
+performs a full garbage-collection cycle.
+This is the default option.
+</li>
+
+<li><b>"<code>stop</code>": </b>
+stops automatic execution of the garbage collector.
+The collector will run only when explicitly invoked,
+until a call to restart it.
+</li>
+
+<li><b>"<code>restart</code>": </b>
+restarts automatic execution of the garbage collector.
+</li>
+
+<li><b>"<code>count</code>": </b>
+returns the total memory in use by Lua (in Kbytes) and
+a second value with the total memory in bytes modulo 1024.
+The first value has a fractional part,
+so the following equality is always true:
+
+<pre>
+ k, b = collectgarbage("count")
+ assert(k*1024 == math.floor(k)*1024 + b)
+</pre><p>
+(The second result is useful when Lua is compiled
+with a non floating-point type for numbers.)
+</li>
+
+<li><b>"<code>step</code>": </b>
+performs a garbage-collection step.
+The step "size" is controlled by <code>arg</code>
+(larger values mean more steps) in a non-specified way.
+If you want to control the step size
+you must experimentally tune the value of <code>arg</code>.
+Returns <b>true</b> if the step finished a collection cycle.
+</li>
+
+<li><b>"<code>setpause</code>": </b>
+sets <code>arg</code> as the new value for the <em>pause</em> of
+the collector (see <a href="#2.5">§2.5</a>).
+Returns the previous value for <em>pause</em>.
+</li>
+
+<li><b>"<code>setstepmul</code>": </b>
+sets <code>arg</code> as the new value for the <em>step multiplier</em> of
+the collector (see <a href="#2.5">§2.5</a>).
+Returns the previous value for <em>step</em>.
+</li>
+
+<li><b>"<code>isrunning</code>": </b>
+returns a boolean that tells whether the collector is running
+(i.e., not stopped).
+</li>
+
+<li><b>"<code>generational</code>": </b>
+changes the collector to generational mode.
+This is an experimental feature (see <a href="#2.5">§2.5</a>).
+</li>
+
+<li><b>"<code>incremental</code>": </b>
+changes the collector to incremental mode.
+This is the default mode.
+</li>
+
+</ul>
+
+
+
+<p>
+<hr><h3><a name="pdf-dofile"><code>dofile ([filename])</code></a></h3>
+Opens the named file and executes its contents as a Lua chunk.
+When called without arguments,
+<code>dofile</code> executes the contents of the standard input (<code>stdin</code>).
+Returns all values returned by the chunk.
+In case of errors, <code>dofile</code> propagates the error
+to its caller (that is, <code>dofile</code> does not run in protected mode).
+
+
+
+
+<p>
+<hr><h3><a name="pdf-error"><code>error (message [, level])</code></a></h3>
+Terminates the last protected function called
+and returns <code>message</code> as the error message.
+Function <code>error</code> never returns.
+
+
+<p>
+Usually, <code>error</code> adds some information about the error position
+at the beginning of the message, if the message is a string.
+The <code>level</code> argument specifies how to get the error position.
+With level 1 (the default), the error position is where the
+<code>error</code> function was called.
+Level 2 points the error to where the function
+that called <code>error</code> was called; and so on.
+Passing a level 0 avoids the addition of error position information
+to the message.
+
+
+
+
+<p>
+<hr><h3><a name="pdf-_G"><code>_G</code></a></h3>
+A global variable (not a function) that
+holds the global environment (see <a href="#2.2">§2.2</a>).
+Lua itself does not use this variable;
+changing its value does not affect any environment,
+nor vice-versa.
+
+
+
+
+<p>
+<hr><h3><a name="pdf-getmetatable"><code>getmetatable (object)</code></a></h3>
+
+
+<p>
+If <code>object</code> does not have a metatable, returns <b>nil</b>.
+Otherwise,
+if the object's metatable has a <code>"__metatable"</code> field,
+returns the associated value.
+Otherwise, returns the metatable of the given object.
+
+
+
+
+<p>
+<hr><h3><a name="pdf-ipairs"><code>ipairs (t)</code></a></h3>
+
+
+<p>
+If <code>t</code> has a metamethod <code>__ipairs</code>,
+calls it with <code>t</code> as argument and returns the first three
+results from the call.
+
+
+<p>
+Otherwise,
+returns three values: an iterator function, the table <code>t</code>, and 0,
+so that the construction
+
+<pre>
+ for i,v in ipairs(t) do <em>body</em> end
+</pre><p>
+will iterate over the pairs (<code>1,t[1]</code>), (<code>2,t[2]</code>), ...,
+up to the first integer key absent from the table.
+
+
+
+
+<p>
+<hr><h3><a name="pdf-load"><code>load (ld [, source [, mode [, env]]])</code></a></h3>
+
+
+<p>
+Loads a chunk.
+
+
+<p>
+If <code>ld</code> is a string, the chunk is this string.
+If <code>ld</code> is a function,
+<code>load</code> calls it repeatedly to get the chunk pieces.
+Each call to <code>ld</code> must return a string that concatenates
+with previous results.
+A return of an empty string, <b>nil</b>, or no value signals the end of the chunk.
+
+
+<p>
+If there are no syntactic errors,
+returns the compiled chunk as a function;
+otherwise, returns <b>nil</b> plus the error message.
+
+
+<p>
+If the resulting function has upvalues,
+the first upvalue is set to the value of the
+global environment or to <code>env</code>,
+if that parameter is given.
+When loading main chunks,
+the first upvalue will be the <code>_ENV</code> variable (see <a href="#2.2">§2.2</a>).
+
+
+<p>
+<code>source</code> is used as the source of the chunk for error messages
+and debug information (see <a href="#4.9">§4.9</a>).
+When absent,
+it defaults to <code>ld</code>, if <code>ld</code> is a string,
+or to "<code>=(load)</code>" otherwise.
+
+
+<p>
+The string <code>mode</code> controls whether the chunk can be text or binary
+(that is, a precompiled chunk).
+It may be the string "<code>b</code>" (only binary chunks),
+"<code>t</code>" (only text chunks),
+or "<code>bt</code>" (both binary and text).
+The default is "<code>bt</code>".
+
+
+
+
+<p>
+<hr><h3><a name="pdf-loadfile"><code>loadfile ([filename [, mode [, env]]])</code></a></h3>
+
+
+<p>
+Similar to <a href="#pdf-load"><code>load</code></a>,
+but gets the chunk from file <code>filename</code>
+or from the standard input,
+if no file name is given.
+
+
+
+
+<p>
+<hr><h3><a name="pdf-next"><code>next (table [, index])</code></a></h3>
+
+
+<p>
+Allows a program to traverse all fields of a table.
+Its first argument is a table and its second argument
+is an index in this table.
+<code>next</code> returns the next index of the table
+and its associated value.
+When called with <b>nil</b> as its second argument,
+<code>next</code> returns an initial index
+and its associated value.
+When called with the last index,
+or with <b>nil</b> in an empty table,
+<code>next</code> returns <b>nil</b>.
+If the second argument is absent, then it is interpreted as <b>nil</b>.
+In particular,
+you can use <code>next(t)</code> to check whether a table is empty.
+
+
+<p>
+The order in which the indices are enumerated is not specified,
+<em>even for numeric indices</em>.
+(To traverse a table in numeric order,
+use a numerical <b>for</b>.)
+
+
+<p>
+The behavior of <code>next</code> is undefined if,
+during the traversal,
+you assign any value to a non-existent field in the table.
+You may however modify existing fields.
+In particular, you may clear existing fields.
+
+
+
+
+<p>
+<hr><h3><a name="pdf-pairs"><code>pairs (t)</code></a></h3>
+
+
+<p>
+If <code>t</code> has a metamethod <code>__pairs</code>,
+calls it with <code>t</code> as argument and returns the first three
+results from the call.
+
+
+<p>
+Otherwise,
+returns three values: the <a href="#pdf-next"><code>next</code></a> function, the table <code>t</code>, and <b>nil</b>,
+so that the construction
+
+<pre>
+ for k,v in pairs(t) do <em>body</em> end
+</pre><p>
+will iterate over all key–value pairs of table <code>t</code>.
+
+
+<p>
+See function <a href="#pdf-next"><code>next</code></a> for the caveats of modifying
+the table during its traversal.
+
+
+
+
+<p>
+<hr><h3><a name="pdf-pcall"><code>pcall (f [, arg1, ···])</code></a></h3>
+
+
+<p>
+Calls function <code>f</code> with
+the given arguments in <em>protected mode</em>.
+This means that any error inside <code>f</code> is not propagated;
+instead, <code>pcall</code> catches the error
+and returns a status code.
+Its first result is the status code (a boolean),
+which is true if the call succeeds without errors.
+In such case, <code>pcall</code> also returns all results from the call,
+after this first result.
+In case of any error, <code>pcall</code> returns <b>false</b> plus the error message.
+
+
+
+
+<p>
+<hr><h3><a name="pdf-print"><code>print (···)</code></a></h3>
+Receives any number of arguments
+and prints their values to <code>stdout</code>,
+using the <a href="#pdf-tostring"><code>tostring</code></a> function to convert each argument to a string.
+<code>print</code> is not intended for formatted output,
+but only as a quick way to show a value,
+for instance for debugging.
+For complete control over the output,
+use <a href="#pdf-string.format"><code>string.format</code></a> and <a href="#pdf-io.write"><code>io.write</code></a>.
+
+
+
+
+<p>
+<hr><h3><a name="pdf-rawequal"><code>rawequal (v1, v2)</code></a></h3>
+Checks whether <code>v1</code> is equal to <code>v2</code>,
+without invoking any metamethod.
+Returns a boolean.
+
+
+
+
+<p>
+<hr><h3><a name="pdf-rawget"><code>rawget (table, index)</code></a></h3>
+Gets the real value of <code>table[index]</code>,
+without invoking any metamethod.
+<code>table</code> must be a table;
+<code>index</code> may be any value.
+
+
+
+
+<p>
+<hr><h3><a name="pdf-rawlen"><code>rawlen (v)</code></a></h3>
+Returns the length of the object <code>v</code>,
+which must be a table or a string,
+without invoking any metamethod.
+Returns an integer number.
+
+
+
+
+<p>
+<hr><h3><a name="pdf-rawset"><code>rawset (table, index, value)</code></a></h3>
+Sets the real value of <code>table[index]</code> to <code>value</code>,
+without invoking any metamethod.
+<code>table</code> must be a table,
+<code>index</code> any value different from <b>nil</b> and NaN,
+and <code>value</code> any Lua value.
+
+
+<p>
+This function returns <code>table</code>.
+
+
+
+
+<p>
+<hr><h3><a name="pdf-select"><code>select (index, ···)</code></a></h3>
+
+
+<p>
+If <code>index</code> is a number,
+returns all arguments after argument number <code>index</code>;
+a negative number indexes from the end (-1 is the last argument).
+Otherwise, <code>index</code> must be the string <code>"#"</code>,
+and <code>select</code> returns the total number of extra arguments it received.
+
+
+
+
+<p>
+<hr><h3><a name="pdf-setmetatable"><code>setmetatable (table, metatable)</code></a></h3>
+
+
+<p>
+Sets the metatable for the given table.
+(You cannot change the metatable of other types from Lua, only from C.)
+If <code>metatable</code> is <b>nil</b>,
+removes the metatable of the given table.
+If the original metatable has a <code>"__metatable"</code> field,
+raises an error.
+
+
+<p>
+This function returns <code>table</code>.
+
+
+
+
+<p>
+<hr><h3><a name="pdf-tonumber"><code>tonumber (e [, base])</code></a></h3>
+
+
+<p>
+When called with no <code>base</code>,
+<code>tonumber</code> tries to convert its argument to a number.
+If the argument is already a number or
+a string convertible to a number (see <a href="#3.4.2">§3.4.2</a>),
+then <code>tonumber</code> returns this number;
+otherwise, it returns <b>nil</b>.
+
+
+<p>
+When called with <code>base</code>,
+then <code>e</code> should be a string to be interpreted as
+an integer numeral in that base.
+The base may be any integer between 2 and 36, inclusive.
+In bases above 10, the letter '<code>A</code>' (in either upper or lower case)
+represents 10, '<code>B</code>' represents 11, and so forth,
+with '<code>Z</code>' representing 35.
+If the string <code>e</code> is not a valid numeral in the given base,
+the function returns <b>nil</b>.
+
+
+
+
+<p>
+<hr><h3><a name="pdf-tostring"><code>tostring (v)</code></a></h3>
+Receives a value of any type and
+converts it to a string in a reasonable format.
+(For complete control of how numbers are converted,
+use <a href="#pdf-string.format"><code>string.format</code></a>.)
+
+
+<p>
+If the metatable of <code>v</code> has a <code>"__tostring"</code> field,
+then <code>tostring</code> calls the corresponding value
+with <code>v</code> as argument,
+and uses the result of the call as its result.
+
+
+
+
+<p>
+<hr><h3><a name="pdf-type"><code>type (v)</code></a></h3>
+Returns the type of its only argument, coded as a string.
+The possible results of this function are
+"<code>nil</code>" (a string, not the value <b>nil</b>),
+"<code>number</code>",
+"<code>string</code>",
+"<code>boolean</code>",
+"<code>table</code>",
+"<code>function</code>",
+"<code>thread</code>",
+and "<code>userdata</code>".
+
+
+
+
+<p>
+<hr><h3><a name="pdf-_VERSION"><code>_VERSION</code></a></h3>
+A global variable (not a function) that
+holds a string containing the current interpreter version.
+The current contents of this variable is "<code>Lua 5.2</code>".
+
+
+
+
+<p>
+<hr><h3><a name="pdf-xpcall"><code>xpcall (f, msgh [, arg1, ···])</code></a></h3>
+
+
+<p>
+This function is similar to <a href="#pdf-pcall"><code>pcall</code></a>,
+except that it sets a new message handler <code>msgh</code>.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+<h2>6.2 – <a name="6.2">Coroutine Manipulation</a></h2>
+
+<p>
+The operations related to coroutines comprise a sub-library of
+the basic library and come inside the table <a name="pdf-coroutine"><code>coroutine</code></a>.
+See <a href="#2.6">§2.6</a> for a general description of coroutines.
+
+
+<p>
+<hr><h3><a name="pdf-coroutine.create"><code>coroutine.create (f)</code></a></h3>
+
+
+<p>
+Creates a new coroutine, with body <code>f</code>.
+<code>f</code> must be a Lua function.
+Returns this new coroutine,
+an object with type <code>"thread"</code>.
+
+
+
+
+<p>
+<hr><h3><a name="pdf-coroutine.resume"><code>coroutine.resume (co [, val1, ···])</code></a></h3>
+
+
+<p>
+Starts or continues the execution of coroutine <code>co</code>.
+The first time you resume a coroutine,
+it starts running its body.
+The values <code>val1</code>, ... are passed
+as the arguments to the body function.
+If the coroutine has yielded,
+<code>resume</code> restarts it;
+the values <code>val1</code>, ... are passed
+as the results from the yield.
+
+
+<p>
+If the coroutine runs without any errors,
+<code>resume</code> returns <b>true</b> plus any values passed to <code>yield</code>
+(if the coroutine yields) or any values returned by the body function
+(if the coroutine terminates).
+If there is any error,
+<code>resume</code> returns <b>false</b> plus the error message.
+
+
+
+
+<p>
+<hr><h3><a name="pdf-coroutine.running"><code>coroutine.running ()</code></a></h3>
+
+
+<p>
+Returns the running coroutine plus a boolean,
+true when the running coroutine is the main one.
+
+
+
+
+<p>
+<hr><h3><a name="pdf-coroutine.status"><code>coroutine.status (co)</code></a></h3>
+
+
+<p>
+Returns the status of coroutine <code>co</code>, as a string:
+<code>"running"</code>,
+if the coroutine is running (that is, it called <code>status</code>);
+<code>"suspended"</code>, if the coroutine is suspended in a call to <code>yield</code>,
+or if it has not started running yet;
+<code>"normal"</code> if the coroutine is active but not running
+(that is, it has resumed another coroutine);
+and <code>"dead"</code> if the coroutine has finished its body function,
+or if it has stopped with an error.
+
+
+
+
+<p>
+<hr><h3><a name="pdf-coroutine.wrap"><code>coroutine.wrap (f)</code></a></h3>
+
+
+<p>
+Creates a new coroutine, with body <code>f</code>.
+<code>f</code> must be a Lua function.
+Returns a function that resumes the coroutine each time it is called.
+Any arguments passed to the function behave as the
+extra arguments to <code>resume</code>.
+Returns the same values returned by <code>resume</code>,
+except the first boolean.
+In case of error, propagates the error.
+
+
+
+
+<p>
+<hr><h3><a name="pdf-coroutine.yield"><code>coroutine.yield (···)</code></a></h3>
+
+
+<p>
+Suspends the execution of the calling coroutine.
+Any arguments to <code>yield</code> are passed as extra results to <code>resume</code>.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+<h2>6.3 – <a name="6.3">Modules</a></h2>
+
+<p>
+The package library provides basic
+facilities for loading modules in Lua.
+It exports one function directly in the global environment:
+<a href="#pdf-require"><code>require</code></a>.
+Everything else is exported in a table <a name="pdf-package"><code>package</code></a>.
+
+
+<p>
+<hr><h3><a name="pdf-require"><code>require (modname)</code></a></h3>
+
+
+<p>
+Loads the given module.
+The function starts by looking into the <a href="#pdf-package.loaded"><code>package.loaded</code></a> table
+to determine whether <code>modname</code> is already loaded.
+If it is, then <code>require</code> returns the value stored
+at <code>package.loaded[modname]</code>.
+Otherwise, it tries to find a <em>loader</em> for the module.
+
+
+<p>
+To find a loader,
+<code>require</code> is guided by the <a href="#pdf-package.searchers"><code>package.searchers</code></a> sequence.
+By changing this sequence,
+we can change how <code>require</code> looks for a module.
+The following explanation is based on the default configuration
+for <a href="#pdf-package.searchers"><code>package.searchers</code></a>.
+
+
+<p>
+First <code>require</code> queries <code>package.preload[modname]</code>.
+If it has a value,
+this value (which should be a function) is the loader.
+Otherwise <code>require</code> searches for a Lua loader using the
+path stored in <a href="#pdf-package.path"><code>package.path</code></a>.
+If that also fails, it searches for a C loader using the
+path stored in <a href="#pdf-package.cpath"><code>package.cpath</code></a>.
+If that also fails,
+it tries an <em>all-in-one</em> loader (see <a href="#pdf-package.searchers"><code>package.searchers</code></a>).
+
+
+<p>
+Once a loader is found,
+<code>require</code> calls the loader with two arguments:
+<code>modname</code> and an extra value dependent on how it got the loader.
+(If the loader came from a file,
+this extra value is the file name.)
+If the loader returns any non-nil value,
+<code>require</code> assigns the returned value to <code>package.loaded[modname]</code>.
+If the loader does not return a non-nil value and
+has not assigned any value to <code>package.loaded[modname]</code>,
+then <code>require</code> assigns <b>true</b> to this entry.
+In any case, <code>require</code> returns the
+final value of <code>package.loaded[modname]</code>.
+
+
+<p>
+If there is any error loading or running the module,
+or if it cannot find any loader for the module,
+then <code>require</code> raises an error.
+
+
+
+
+<p>
+<hr><h3><a name="pdf-package.config"><code>package.config</code></a></h3>
+
+
+<p>
+A string describing some compile-time configurations for packages.
+This string is a sequence of lines:
+
+<ul>
+
+<li>The first line is the directory separator string.
+Default is '<code>\</code>' for Windows and '<code>/</code>' for all other systems.</li>
+
+<li>The second line is the character that separates templates in a path.
+Default is '<code>;</code>'.</li>
+
+<li>The third line is the string that marks the
+substitution points in a template.
+Default is '<code>?</code>'.</li>
+
+<li>The fourth line is a string that, in a path in Windows,
+is replaced by the executable's directory.
+Default is '<code>!</code>'.</li>
+
+<li>The fifth line is a mark to ignore all text before it
+when building the <code>luaopen_</code> function name.
+Default is '<code>-</code>'.</li>
+
+</ul>
+
+
+
+<p>
+<hr><h3><a name="pdf-package.cpath"><code>package.cpath</code></a></h3>
+
+
+<p>
+The path used by <a href="#pdf-require"><code>require</code></a> to search for a C loader.
+
+
+<p>
+Lua initializes the C path <a href="#pdf-package.cpath"><code>package.cpath</code></a> in the same way
+it initializes the Lua path <a href="#pdf-package.path"><code>package.path</code></a>,
+using the environment variable <a name="pdf-LUA_CPATH_5_2"><code>LUA_CPATH_5_2</code></a>
+or the environment variable <a name="pdf-LUA_CPATH"><code>LUA_CPATH</code></a>
+or a default path defined in <code>luaconf.h</code>.
+
+
+
+
+<p>
+
+<hr><h3><a name="pdf-package.loaded"><code>package.loaded</code></a></h3>
+
+
+<p>
+A table used by <a href="#pdf-require"><code>require</code></a> to control which
+modules are already loaded.
+When you require a module <code>modname</code> and
+<code>package.loaded[modname]</code> is not false,
+<a href="#pdf-require"><code>require</code></a> simply returns the value stored there.
+
+
+<p>
+This variable is only a reference to the real table;
+assignments to this variable do not change the
+table used by <a href="#pdf-require"><code>require</code></a>.
+
+
+
+
+<p>
+<hr><h3><a name="pdf-package.loadlib"><code>package.loadlib (libname, funcname)</code></a></h3>
+
+
+<p>
+Dynamically links the host program with the C library <code>libname</code>.
+
+
+<p>
+If <code>funcname</code> is "<code>*</code>",
+then it only links with the library,
+making the symbols exported by the library
+available to other dynamically linked libraries.
+Otherwise,
+it looks for a function <code>funcname</code> inside the library
+and returns this function as a C function.
+(So, <code>funcname</code> must follow the prototype <a href="#lua_CFunction"><code>lua_CFunction</code></a>).
+
+
+<p>
+This is a low-level function.
+It completely bypasses the package and module system.
+Unlike <a href="#pdf-require"><code>require</code></a>,
+it does not perform any path searching and
+does not automatically adds extensions.
+<code>libname</code> must be the complete file name of the C library,
+including if necessary a path and an extension.
+<code>funcname</code> must be the exact name exported by the C library
+(which may depend on the C compiler and linker used).
+
+
+<p>
+This function is not supported by Standard C.
+As such, it is only available on some platforms
+(Windows, Linux, Mac OS X, Solaris, BSD,
+plus other Unix systems that support the <code>dlfcn</code> standard).
+
+
+
+
+<p>
+<hr><h3><a name="pdf-package.path"><code>package.path</code></a></h3>
+
+
+<p>
+The path used by <a href="#pdf-require"><code>require</code></a> to search for a Lua loader.
+
+
+<p>
+At start-up, Lua initializes this variable with
+the value of the environment variable <a name="pdf-LUA_PATH_5_2"><code>LUA_PATH_5_2</code></a> or
+the environment variable <a name="pdf-LUA_PATH"><code>LUA_PATH</code></a> or
+with a default path defined in <code>luaconf.h</code>,
+if those environment variables are not defined.
+Any "<code>;;</code>" in the value of the environment variable
+is replaced by the default path.
+
+
+
+
+<p>
+<hr><h3><a name="pdf-package.preload"><code>package.preload</code></a></h3>
+
+
+<p>
+A table to store loaders for specific modules
+(see <a href="#pdf-require"><code>require</code></a>).
+
+
+<p>
+This variable is only a reference to the real table;
+assignments to this variable do not change the
+table used by <a href="#pdf-require"><code>require</code></a>.
+
+
+
+
+<p>
+<hr><h3><a name="pdf-package.searchers"><code>package.searchers</code></a></h3>
+
+
+<p>
+A table used by <a href="#pdf-require"><code>require</code></a> to control how to load modules.
+
+
+<p>
+Each entry in this table is a <em>searcher function</em>.
+When looking for a module,
+<a href="#pdf-require"><code>require</code></a> calls each of these searchers in ascending order,
+with the module name (the argument given to <a href="#pdf-require"><code>require</code></a>) as its
+sole parameter.
+The function can return another function (the module <em>loader</em>)
+plus an extra value that will be passed to that loader,
+or a string explaining why it did not find that module
+(or <b>nil</b> if it has nothing to say).
+
+
+<p>
+Lua initializes this table with four searcher functions.
+
+
+<p>
+The first searcher simply looks for a loader in the
+<a href="#pdf-package.preload"><code>package.preload</code></a> table.
+
+
+<p>
+The second searcher looks for a loader as a Lua library,
+using the path stored at <a href="#pdf-package.path"><code>package.path</code></a>.
+The search is done as described in function <a href="#pdf-package.searchpath"><code>package.searchpath</code></a>.
+
+
+<p>
+The third searcher looks for a loader as a C library,
+using the path given by the variable <a href="#pdf-package.cpath"><code>package.cpath</code></a>.
+Again,
+the search is done as described in function <a href="#pdf-package.searchpath"><code>package.searchpath</code></a>.
+For instance,
+if the C path is the string
+
+<pre>
+ "./?.so;./?.dll;/usr/local/?/init.so"
+</pre><p>
+the searcher for module <code>foo</code>
+will try to open the files <code>./foo.so</code>, <code>./foo.dll</code>,
+and <code>/usr/local/foo/init.so</code>, in that order.
+Once it finds a C library,
+this searcher first uses a dynamic link facility to link the
+application with the library.
+Then it tries to find a C function inside the library to
+be used as the loader.
+The name of this C function is the string "<code>luaopen_</code>"
+concatenated with a copy of the module name where each dot
+is replaced by an underscore.
+Moreover, if the module name has a hyphen,
+its prefix up to (and including) the first hyphen is removed.
+For instance, if the module name is <code>a.v1-b.c</code>,
+the function name will be <code>luaopen_b_c</code>.
+
+
+<p>
+The fourth searcher tries an <em>all-in-one loader</em>.
+It searches the C path for a library for
+the root name of the given module.
+For instance, when requiring <code>a.b.c</code>,
+it will search for a C library for <code>a</code>.
+If found, it looks into it for an open function for
+the submodule;
+in our example, that would be <code>luaopen_a_b_c</code>.
+With this facility, a package can pack several C submodules
+into one single library,
+with each submodule keeping its original open function.
+
+
+<p>
+All searchers except the first one (preload) return as the extra value
+the file name where the module was found,
+as returned by <a href="#pdf-package.searchpath"><code>package.searchpath</code></a>.
+The first searcher returns no extra value.
+
+
+
+
+<p>
+<hr><h3><a name="pdf-package.searchpath"><code>package.searchpath (name, path [, sep [, rep]])</code></a></h3>
+
+
+<p>
+Searches for the given <code>name</code> in the given <code>path</code>.
+
+
+<p>
+A path is a string containing a sequence of
+<em>templates</em> separated by semicolons.
+For each template,
+the function replaces each interrogation mark (if any)
+in the template with a copy of <code>name</code>
+wherein all occurrences of <code>sep</code>
+(a dot, by default)
+were replaced by <code>rep</code>
+(the system's directory separator, by default),
+and then tries to open the resulting file name.
+
+
+<p>
+For instance, if the path is the string
+
+<pre>
+ "./?.lua;./?.lc;/usr/local/?/init.lua"
+</pre><p>
+the search for the name <code>foo.a</code>
+will try to open the files
+<code>./foo/a.lua</code>, <code>./foo/a.lc</code>, and
+<code>/usr/local/foo/a/init.lua</code>, in that order.
+
+
+<p>
+Returns the resulting name of the first file that it can
+open in read mode (after closing the file),
+or <b>nil</b> plus an error message if none succeeds.
+(This error message lists all file names it tried to open.)
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+<h2>6.4 – <a name="6.4">String Manipulation</a></h2>
+
+<p>
+This library provides generic functions for string manipulation,
+such as finding and extracting substrings, and pattern matching.
+When indexing a string in Lua, the first character is at position 1
+(not at 0, as in C).
+Indices are allowed to be negative and are interpreted as indexing backwards,
+from the end of the string.
+Thus, the last character is at position -1, and so on.
+
+
+<p>
+The string library provides all its functions inside the table
+<a name="pdf-string"><code>string</code></a>.
+It also sets a metatable for strings
+where the <code>__index</code> field points to the <code>string</code> table.
+Therefore, you can use the string functions in object-oriented style.
+For instance, <code>string.byte(s,i)</code>
+can be written as <code>s:byte(i)</code>.
+
+
+<p>
+The string library assumes one-byte character encodings.
+
+
+<p>
+<hr><h3><a name="pdf-string.byte"><code>string.byte (s [, i [, j]])</code></a></h3>
+Returns the internal numerical codes of the characters <code>s[i]</code>,
+<code>s[i+1]</code>, ..., <code>s[j]</code>.
+The default value for <code>i</code> is 1;
+the default value for <code>j</code> is <code>i</code>.
+These indices are corrected
+following the same rules of function <a href="#pdf-string.sub"><code>string.sub</code></a>.
+
+
+<p>
+Numerical codes are not necessarily portable across platforms.
+
+
+
+
+<p>
+<hr><h3><a name="pdf-string.char"><code>string.char (···)</code></a></h3>
+Receives zero or more integers.
+Returns a string with length equal to the number of arguments,
+in which each character has the internal numerical code equal
+to its corresponding argument.
+
+
+<p>
+Numerical codes are not necessarily portable across platforms.
+
+
+
+
+<p>
+<hr><h3><a name="pdf-string.dump"><code>string.dump (function)</code></a></h3>
+
+
+<p>
+Returns a string containing a binary representation of the given function,
+so that a later <a href="#pdf-load"><code>load</code></a> on this string returns
+a copy of the function (but with new upvalues).
+
+
+
+
+<p>
+<hr><h3><a name="pdf-string.find"><code>string.find (s, pattern [, init [, plain]])</code></a></h3>
+
+
+<p>
+Looks for the first match of
+<code>pattern</code> in the string <code>s</code>.
+If it finds a match, then <code>find</code> returns the indices of <code>s</code>
+where this occurrence starts and ends;
+otherwise, it returns <b>nil</b>.
+A third, optional numerical argument <code>init</code> specifies
+where to start the search;
+its default value is 1 and can be negative.
+A value of <b>true</b> as a fourth, optional argument <code>plain</code>
+turns off the pattern matching facilities,
+so the function does a plain "find substring" operation,
+with no characters in <code>pattern</code> being considered magic.
+Note that if <code>plain</code> is given, then <code>init</code> must be given as well.
+
+
+<p>
+If the pattern has captures,
+then in a successful match
+the captured values are also returned,
+after the two indices.
+
+
+
+
+<p>
+<hr><h3><a name="pdf-string.format"><code>string.format (formatstring, ···)</code></a></h3>
+
+
+<p>
+Returns a formatted version of its variable number of arguments
+following the description given in its first argument (which must be a string).
+The format string follows the same rules as the C function <code>sprintf</code>.
+The only differences are that the options/modifiers
+<code>*</code>, <code>h</code>, <code>L</code>, <code>l</code>, <code>n</code>,
+and <code>p</code> are not supported
+and that there is an extra option, <code>q</code>.
+The <code>q</code> option formats a string between double quotes,
+using escape sequences when necessary to ensure that
+it can safely be read back by the Lua interpreter.
+For instance, the call
+
+<pre>
+ string.format('%q', 'a string with "quotes" and \n new line')
+</pre><p>
+may produce the string:
+
+<pre>
+ "a string with \"quotes\" and \
+ new line"
+</pre>
+
+<p>
+Options
+<code>A</code> and <code>a</code> (when available),
+<code>E</code>, <code>e</code>, <code>f</code>,
+<code>G</code>, and <code>g</code> all expect a number as argument.
+Options <code>c</code>, <code>d</code>,
+<code>i</code>, <code>o</code>, <code>u</code>, <code>X</code>, and <code>x</code>
+also expect a number,
+but the range of that number may be limited by
+the underlying C implementation.
+For options <code>o</code>, <code>u</code>, <code>X</code>, and <code>x</code>,
+the number cannot be negative.
+Option <code>q</code> expects a string;
+option <code>s</code> expects a string without embedded zeros.
+If the argument to option <code>s</code> is not a string,
+it is converted to one following the same rules of <a href="#pdf-tostring"><code>tostring</code></a>.
+
+
+
+
+<p>
+<hr><h3><a name="pdf-string.gmatch"><code>string.gmatch (s, pattern)</code></a></h3>
+Returns an iterator function that,
+each time it is called,
+returns the next captures from <code>pattern</code> over the string <code>s</code>.
+If <code>pattern</code> specifies no captures,
+then the whole match is produced in each call.
+
+
+<p>
+As an example, the following loop
+will iterate over all the words from string <code>s</code>,
+printing one per line:
+
+<pre>
+ s = "hello world from Lua"
+ for w in string.gmatch(s, "%a+") do
+ print(w)
+ end
+</pre><p>
+The next example collects all pairs <code>key=value</code> from the
+given string into a table:
+
+<pre>
+ t = {}
+ s = "from=world, to=Lua"
+ for k, v in string.gmatch(s, "(%w+)=(%w+)") do
+ t[k] = v
+ end
+</pre>
+
+<p>
+For this function, a caret '<code>^</code>' at the start of a pattern does not
+work as an anchor, as this would prevent the iteration.
+
+
+
+
+<p>
+<hr><h3><a name="pdf-string.gsub"><code>string.gsub (s, pattern, repl [, n])</code></a></h3>
+Returns a copy of <code>s</code>
+in which all (or the first <code>n</code>, if given)
+occurrences of the <code>pattern</code> have been
+replaced by a replacement string specified by <code>repl</code>,
+which can be a string, a table, or a function.
+<code>gsub</code> also returns, as its second value,
+the total number of matches that occurred.
+The name <code>gsub</code> comes from <em>Global SUBstitution</em>.
+
+
+<p>
+If <code>repl</code> is a string, then its value is used for replacement.
+The character <code>%</code> works as an escape character:
+any sequence in <code>repl</code> of the form <code>%<em>d</em></code>,
+with <em>d</em> between 1 and 9,
+stands for the value of the <em>d</em>-th captured substring (see below).
+The sequence <code>%0</code> stands for the whole match.
+The sequence <code>%%</code> stands for a single <code>%</code>.
+
+
+<p>
+If <code>repl</code> is a table, then the table is queried for every match,
+using the first capture as the key;
+if the pattern specifies no captures,
+then the whole match is used as the key.
+
+
+<p>
+If <code>repl</code> is a function, then this function is called every time a
+match occurs, with all captured substrings passed as arguments,
+in order;
+if the pattern specifies no captures,
+then the whole match is passed as a sole argument.
+
+
+<p>
+If the value returned by the table query or by the function call
+is a string or a number,
+then it is used as the replacement string;
+otherwise, if it is <b>false</b> or <b>nil</b>,
+then there is no replacement
+(that is, the original match is kept in the string).
+
+
+<p>
+Here are some examples:
+
+<pre>
+ x = string.gsub("hello world", "(%w+)", "%1 %1")
+ --> x="hello hello world world"
+
+ x = string.gsub("hello world", "%w+", "%0 %0", 1)
+ --> x="hello hello world"
+
+ x = string.gsub("hello world from Lua", "(%w+)%s*(%w+)", "%2 %1")
+ --> x="world hello Lua from"
+
+ x = string.gsub("home = $HOME, user = $USER", "%$(%w+)", os.getenv)
+ --> x="home = /home/roberto, user = roberto"
+
+ x = string.gsub("4+5 = $return 4+5$", "%$(.-)%$", function (s)
+ return load(s)()
+ end)
+ --> x="4+5 = 9"
+
+ local t = {name="lua", version="5.2"}
+ x = string.gsub("$name-$version.tar.gz", "%$(%w+)", t)
+ --> x="lua-5.2.tar.gz"
+</pre>
+
+
+
+<p>
+<hr><h3><a name="pdf-string.len"><code>string.len (s)</code></a></h3>
+Receives a string and returns its length.
+The empty string <code>""</code> has length 0.
+Embedded zeros are counted,
+so <code>"a\000bc\000"</code> has length 5.
+
+
+
+
+<p>
+<hr><h3><a name="pdf-string.lower"><code>string.lower (s)</code></a></h3>
+Receives a string and returns a copy of this string with all
+uppercase letters changed to lowercase.
+All other characters are left unchanged.
+The definition of what an uppercase letter is depends on the current locale.
+
+
+
+
+<p>
+<hr><h3><a name="pdf-string.match"><code>string.match (s, pattern [, init])</code></a></h3>
+Looks for the first <em>match</em> of
+<code>pattern</code> in the string <code>s</code>.
+If it finds one, then <code>match</code> returns
+the captures from the pattern;
+otherwise it returns <b>nil</b>.
+If <code>pattern</code> specifies no captures,
+then the whole match is returned.
+A third, optional numerical argument <code>init</code> specifies
+where to start the search;
+its default value is 1 and can be negative.
+
+
+
+
+<p>
+<hr><h3><a name="pdf-string.rep"><code>string.rep (s, n [, sep])</code></a></h3>
+Returns a string that is the concatenation of <code>n</code> copies of
+the string <code>s</code> separated by the string <code>sep</code>.
+The default value for <code>sep</code> is the empty string
+(that is, no separator).
+
+
+
+
+<p>
+<hr><h3><a name="pdf-string.reverse"><code>string.reverse (s)</code></a></h3>
+Returns a string that is the string <code>s</code> reversed.
+
+
+
+
+<p>
+<hr><h3><a name="pdf-string.sub"><code>string.sub (s, i [, j])</code></a></h3>
+Returns the substring of <code>s</code> that
+starts at <code>i</code> and continues until <code>j</code>;
+<code>i</code> and <code>j</code> can be negative.
+If <code>j</code> is absent, then it is assumed to be equal to -1
+(which is the same as the string length).
+In particular,
+the call <code>string.sub(s,1,j)</code> returns a prefix of <code>s</code>
+with length <code>j</code>,
+and <code>string.sub(s, -i)</code> returns a suffix of <code>s</code>
+with length <code>i</code>.
+
+
+<p>
+If, after the translation of negative indices,
+<code>i</code> is less than 1,
+it is corrected to 1.
+If <code>j</code> is greater than the string length,
+it is corrected to that length.
+If, after these corrections,
+<code>i</code> is greater than <code>j</code>,
+the function returns the empty string.
+
+
+
+
+<p>
+<hr><h3><a name="pdf-string.upper"><code>string.upper (s)</code></a></h3>
+Receives a string and returns a copy of this string with all
+lowercase letters changed to uppercase.
+All other characters are left unchanged.
+The definition of what a lowercase letter is depends on the current locale.
+
+
+
+<h3>6.4.1 – <a name="6.4.1">Patterns</a></h3>
+
+
+<h4>Character Class:</h4><p>
+A <em>character class</em> is used to represent a set of characters.
+The following combinations are allowed in describing a character class:
+
+<ul>
+
+<li><b><em>x</em>: </b>
+(where <em>x</em> is not one of the <em>magic characters</em>
+<code>^$()%.[]*+-?</code>)
+represents the character <em>x</em> itself.
+</li>
+
+<li><b><code>.</code>: </b> (a dot) represents all characters.</li>
+
+<li><b><code>%a</code>: </b> represents all letters.</li>
+
+<li><b><code>%c</code>: </b> represents all control characters.</li>
+
+<li><b><code>%d</code>: </b> represents all digits.</li>
+
+<li><b><code>%g</code>: </b> represents all printable characters except space.</li>
+
+<li><b><code>%l</code>: </b> represents all lowercase letters.</li>
+
+<li><b><code>%p</code>: </b> represents all punctuation characters.</li>
+
+<li><b><code>%s</code>: </b> represents all space characters.</li>
+
+<li><b><code>%u</code>: </b> represents all uppercase letters.</li>
+
+<li><b><code>%w</code>: </b> represents all alphanumeric characters.</li>
+
+<li><b><code>%x</code>: </b> represents all hexadecimal digits.</li>
+
+<li><b><code>%<em>x</em></code>: </b> (where <em>x</em> is any non-alphanumeric character)
+represents the character <em>x</em>.
+This is the standard way to escape the magic characters.
+Any punctuation character (even the non magic)
+can be preceded by a '<code>%</code>'
+when used to represent itself in a pattern.
+</li>
+
+<li><b><code>[<em>set</em>]</code>: </b>
+represents the class which is the union of all
+characters in <em>set</em>.
+A range of characters can be specified by
+separating the end characters of the range,
+in ascending order, with a '<code>-</code>',
+All classes <code>%</code><em>x</em> described above can also be used as
+components in <em>set</em>.
+All other characters in <em>set</em> represent themselves.
+For example, <code>[%w_]</code> (or <code>[_%w]</code>)
+represents all alphanumeric characters plus the underscore,
+<code>[0-7]</code> represents the octal digits,
+and <code>[0-7%l%-]</code> represents the octal digits plus
+the lowercase letters plus the '<code>-</code>' character.
+
+
+<p>
+The interaction between ranges and classes is not defined.
+Therefore, patterns like <code>[%a-z]</code> or <code>[a-%%]</code>
+have no meaning.
+</li>
+
+<li><b><code>[^<em>set</em>]</code>: </b>
+represents the complement of <em>set</em>,
+where <em>set</em> is interpreted as above.
+</li>
+
+</ul><p>
+For all classes represented by single letters (<code>%a</code>, <code>%c</code>, etc.),
+the corresponding uppercase letter represents the complement of the class.
+For instance, <code>%S</code> represents all non-space characters.
+
+
+<p>
+The definitions of letter, space, and other character groups
+depend on the current locale.
+In particular, the class <code>[a-z]</code> may not be equivalent to <code>%l</code>.
+
+
+
+
+
+<h4>Pattern Item:</h4><p>
+A <em>pattern item</em> can be
+
+<ul>
+
+<li>
+a single character class,
+which matches any single character in the class;
+</li>
+
+<li>
+a single character class followed by '<code>*</code>',
+which matches 0 or more repetitions of characters in the class.
+These repetition items will always match the longest possible sequence;
+</li>
+
+<li>
+a single character class followed by '<code>+</code>',
+which matches 1 or more repetitions of characters in the class.
+These repetition items will always match the longest possible sequence;
+</li>
+
+<li>
+a single character class followed by '<code>-</code>',
+which also matches 0 or more repetitions of characters in the class.
+Unlike '<code>*</code>',
+these repetition items will always match the shortest possible sequence;
+</li>
+
+<li>
+a single character class followed by '<code>?</code>',
+which matches 0 or 1 occurrence of a character in the class;
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<code>%<em>n</em></code>, for <em>n</em> between 1 and 9;
+such item matches a substring equal to the <em>n</em>-th captured string
+(see below);
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<code>%b<em>xy</em></code>, where <em>x</em> and <em>y</em> are two distinct characters;
+such item matches strings that start with <em>x</em>, end with <em>y</em>,
+and where the <em>x</em> and <em>y</em> are <em>balanced</em>.
+This means that, if one reads the string from left to right,
+counting <em>+1</em> for an <em>x</em> and <em>-1</em> for a <em>y</em>,
+the ending <em>y</em> is the first <em>y</em> where the count reaches 0.
+For instance, the item <code>%b()</code> matches expressions with
+balanced parentheses.
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<code>%f[<em>set</em>]</code>, a <em>frontier pattern</em>;
+such item matches an empty string at any position such that
+the next character belongs to <em>set</em>
+and the previous character does not belong to <em>set</em>.
+The set <em>set</em> is interpreted as previously described.
+The beginning and the end of the subject are handled as if
+they were the character '<code>\0</code>'.
+</li>
+
+</ul>
+
+
+
+
+<h4>Pattern:</h4><p>
+A <em>pattern</em> is a sequence of pattern items.
+A caret '<code>^</code>' at the beginning of a pattern anchors the match at the
+beginning of the subject string.
+A '<code>$</code>' at the end of a pattern anchors the match at the
+end of the subject string.
+At other positions,
+'<code>^</code>' and '<code>$</code>' have no special meaning and represent themselves.
+
+
+
+
+
+<h4>Captures:</h4><p>
+A pattern can contain sub-patterns enclosed in parentheses;
+they describe <em>captures</em>.
+When a match succeeds, the substrings of the subject string
+that match captures are stored (<em>captured</em>) for future use.
+Captures are numbered according to their left parentheses.
+For instance, in the pattern <code>"(a*(.)%w(%s*))"</code>,
+the part of the string matching <code>"a*(.)%w(%s*)"</code> is
+stored as the first capture (and therefore has number 1);
+the character matching "<code>.</code>" is captured with number 2,
+and the part matching "<code>%s*</code>" has number 3.
+
+
+<p>
+As a special case, the empty capture <code>()</code> captures
+the current string position (a number).
+For instance, if we apply the pattern <code>"()aa()"</code> on the
+string <code>"flaaap"</code>, there will be two captures: 3 and 5.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+<h2>6.5 – <a name="6.5">Table Manipulation</a></h2>
+
+<p>
+This library provides generic functions for table manipulation.
+It provides all its functions inside the table <a name="pdf-table"><code>table</code></a>.
+
+
+<p>
+Remember that, whenever an operation needs the length of a table,
+the table should be a proper sequence
+or have a <code>__len</code> metamethod (see <a href="#3.4.6">§3.4.6</a>).
+All functions ignore non-numeric keys
+in tables given as arguments.
+
+
+<p>
+For performance reasons,
+all table accesses (get/set) performed by these functions are raw.
+
+
+<p>
+<hr><h3><a name="pdf-table.concat"><code>table.concat (list [, sep [, i [, j]]])</code></a></h3>
+
+
+<p>
+Given a list where all elements are strings or numbers,
+returns <code>list[i]..sep..list[i+1] ··· sep..list[j]</code>.
+The default value for <code>sep</code> is the empty string,
+the default for <code>i</code> is 1,
+and the default for <code>j</code> is <code>#list</code>.
+If <code>i</code> is greater than <code>j</code>, returns the empty string.
+
+
+
+
+<p>
+<hr><h3><a name="pdf-table.insert"><code>table.insert (list, [pos,] value)</code></a></h3>
+
+
+<p>
+Inserts element <code>value</code> at position <code>pos</code> in <code>list</code>,
+shifting up the elements
+<code>list[pos], list[pos+1], ···, list[#list]</code>.
+The default value for <code>pos</code> is <code>#list+1</code>,
+so that a call <code>table.insert(t,x)</code> inserts <code>x</code> at the end
+of list <code>t</code>.
+
+
+
+
+<p>
+<hr><h3><a name="pdf-table.pack"><code>table.pack (···)</code></a></h3>
+
+
+<p>
+Returns a new table with all parameters stored into keys 1, 2, etc.
+and with a field "<code>n</code>" with the total number of parameters.
+Note that the resulting table may not be a sequence.
+
+
+
+
+<p>
+<hr><h3><a name="pdf-table.remove"><code>table.remove (list [, pos])</code></a></h3>
+
+
+<p>
+Removes from <code>list</code> the element at position <code>pos</code>,
+shifting down the elements
+<code>list[pos+1], list[pos+2], ···, list[#list]</code>
+and erasing element <code>list[#list]</code>.
+Returns the value of the removed element.
+The default value for <code>pos</code> is <code>#list</code>,
+so that a call <code>table.remove(t)</code> removes the last element
+of list <code>t</code>.
+
+
+
+
+<p>
+<hr><h3><a name="pdf-table.sort"><code>table.sort (list [, comp])</code></a></h3>
+
+
+<p>
+Sorts list elements in a given order, <em>in-place</em>,
+from <code>list[1]</code> to <code>list[#list]</code>.
+If <code>comp</code> is given,
+then it must be a function that receives two list elements
+and returns true when the first element must come
+before the second in the final order
+(so that <code>not comp(list[i+1],list[i])</code> will be true after the sort).
+If <code>comp</code> is not given,
+then the standard Lua operator <code><</code> is used instead.
+
+
+<p>
+The sort algorithm is not stable;
+that is, elements considered equal by the given order
+may have their relative positions changed by the sort.
+
+
+
+
+<p>
+<hr><h3><a name="pdf-table.unpack"><code>table.unpack (list [, i [, j]])</code></a></h3>
+
+
+<p>
+Returns the elements from the given table.
+This function is equivalent to
+
+<pre>
+ return list[i], list[i+1], ···, list[j]
+</pre><p>
+By default, <code>i</code> is 1 and <code>j</code> is <code>#list</code>.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+<h2>6.6 – <a name="6.6">Mathematical Functions</a></h2>
+
+<p>
+This library is an interface to the standard C math library.
+It provides all its functions inside the table <a name="pdf-math"><code>math</code></a>.
+
+
+<p>
+<hr><h3><a name="pdf-math.abs"><code>math.abs (x)</code></a></h3>
+
+
+<p>
+Returns the absolute value of <code>x</code>.
+
+
+
+
+<p>
+<hr><h3><a name="pdf-math.acos"><code>math.acos (x)</code></a></h3>
+
+
+<p>
+Returns the arc cosine of <code>x</code> (in radians).
+
+
+
+
+<p>
+<hr><h3><a name="pdf-math.asin"><code>math.asin (x)</code></a></h3>
+
+
+<p>
+Returns the arc sine of <code>x</code> (in radians).
+
+
+
+
+<p>
+<hr><h3><a name="pdf-math.atan"><code>math.atan (x)</code></a></h3>
+
+
+<p>
+Returns the arc tangent of <code>x</code> (in radians).
+
+
+
+
+<p>
+<hr><h3><a name="pdf-math.atan2"><code>math.atan2 (y, x)</code></a></h3>
+
+
+<p>
+Returns the arc tangent of <code>y/x</code> (in radians),
+but uses the signs of both parameters to find the
+quadrant of the result.
+(It also handles correctly the case of <code>x</code> being zero.)
+
+
+
+
+<p>
+<hr><h3><a name="pdf-math.ceil"><code>math.ceil (x)</code></a></h3>
+
+
+<p>
+Returns the smallest integer larger than or equal to <code>x</code>.
+
+
+
+
+<p>
+<hr><h3><a name="pdf-math.cos"><code>math.cos (x)</code></a></h3>
+
+
+<p>
+Returns the cosine of <code>x</code> (assumed to be in radians).
+
+
+
+
+<p>
+<hr><h3><a name="pdf-math.cosh"><code>math.cosh (x)</code></a></h3>
+
+
+<p>
+Returns the hyperbolic cosine of <code>x</code>.
+
+
+
+
+<p>
+<hr><h3><a name="pdf-math.deg"><code>math.deg (x)</code></a></h3>
+
+
+<p>
+Returns the angle <code>x</code> (given in radians) in degrees.
+
+
+
+
+<p>
+<hr><h3><a name="pdf-math.exp"><code>math.exp (x)</code></a></h3>
+
+
+<p>
+Returns the value <em>e<sup>x</sup></em>.
+
+
+
+
+<p>
+<hr><h3><a name="pdf-math.floor"><code>math.floor (x)</code></a></h3>
+
+
+<p>
+Returns the largest integer smaller than or equal to <code>x</code>.
+
+
+
+
+<p>
+<hr><h3><a name="pdf-math.fmod"><code>math.fmod (x, y)</code></a></h3>
+
+
+<p>
+Returns the remainder of the division of <code>x</code> by <code>y</code>
+that rounds the quotient towards zero.
+
+
+
+
+<p>
+<hr><h3><a name="pdf-math.frexp"><code>math.frexp (x)</code></a></h3>
+
+
+<p>
+Returns <code>m</code> and <code>e</code> such that <em>x = m2<sup>e</sup></em>,
+<code>e</code> is an integer and the absolute value of <code>m</code> is
+in the range <em>[0.5, 1)</em>
+(or zero when <code>x</code> is zero).
+
+
+
+
+<p>
+<hr><h3><a name="pdf-math.huge"><code>math.huge</code></a></h3>
+
+
+<p>
+The value <code>HUGE_VAL</code>,
+a value larger than or equal to any other numerical value.
+
+
+
+
+<p>
+<hr><h3><a name="pdf-math.ldexp"><code>math.ldexp (m, e)</code></a></h3>
+
+
+<p>
+Returns <em>m2<sup>e</sup></em> (<code>e</code> should be an integer).
+
+
+
+
+<p>
+<hr><h3><a name="pdf-math.log"><code>math.log (x [, base])</code></a></h3>
+
+
+<p>
+Returns the logarithm of <code>x</code> in the given base.
+The default for <code>base</code> is <em>e</em>
+(so that the function returns the natural logarithm of <code>x</code>).
+
+
+
+
+<p>
+<hr><h3><a name="pdf-math.max"><code>math.max (x, ···)</code></a></h3>
+
+
+<p>
+Returns the maximum value among its arguments.
+
+
+
+
+<p>
+<hr><h3><a name="pdf-math.min"><code>math.min (x, ···)</code></a></h3>
+
+
+<p>
+Returns the minimum value among its arguments.
+
+
+
+
+<p>
+<hr><h3><a name="pdf-math.modf"><code>math.modf (x)</code></a></h3>
+
+
+<p>
+Returns two numbers,
+the integral part of <code>x</code> and the fractional part of <code>x</code>.
+
+
+
+
+<p>
+<hr><h3><a name="pdf-math.pi"><code>math.pi</code></a></h3>
+
+
+<p>
+The value of <em>π</em>.
+
+
+
+
+<p>
+<hr><h3><a name="pdf-math.pow"><code>math.pow (x, y)</code></a></h3>
+
+
+<p>
+Returns <em>x<sup>y</sup></em>.
+(You can also use the expression <code>x^y</code> to compute this value.)
+
+
+
+
+<p>
+<hr><h3><a name="pdf-math.rad"><code>math.rad (x)</code></a></h3>
+
+
+<p>
+Returns the angle <code>x</code> (given in degrees) in radians.
+
+
+
+
+<p>
+<hr><h3><a name="pdf-math.random"><code>math.random ([m [, n]])</code></a></h3>
+
+
+<p>
+This function is an interface to the simple
+pseudo-random generator function <code>rand</code> provided by Standard C.
+(No guarantees can be given for its statistical properties.)
+
+
+<p>
+When called without arguments,
+returns a uniform pseudo-random real number
+in the range <em>[0,1)</em>.
+When called with an integer number <code>m</code>,
+<code>math.random</code> returns
+a uniform pseudo-random integer in the range <em>[1, m]</em>.
+When called with two integer numbers <code>m</code> and <code>n</code>,
+<code>math.random</code> returns a uniform pseudo-random
+integer in the range <em>[m, n]</em>.
+
+
+
+
+<p>
+<hr><h3><a name="pdf-math.randomseed"><code>math.randomseed (x)</code></a></h3>
+
+
+<p>
+Sets <code>x</code> as the "seed"
+for the pseudo-random generator:
+equal seeds produce equal sequences of numbers.
+
+
+
+
+<p>
+<hr><h3><a name="pdf-math.sin"><code>math.sin (x)</code></a></h3>
+
+
+<p>
+Returns the sine of <code>x</code> (assumed to be in radians).
+
+
+
+
+<p>
+<hr><h3><a name="pdf-math.sinh"><code>math.sinh (x)</code></a></h3>
+
+
+<p>
+Returns the hyperbolic sine of <code>x</code>.
+
+
+
+
+<p>
+<hr><h3><a name="pdf-math.sqrt"><code>math.sqrt (x)</code></a></h3>
+
+
+<p>
+Returns the square root of <code>x</code>.
+(You can also use the expression <code>x^0.5</code> to compute this value.)
+
+
+
+
+<p>
+<hr><h3><a name="pdf-math.tan"><code>math.tan (x)</code></a></h3>
+
+
+<p>
+Returns the tangent of <code>x</code> (assumed to be in radians).
+
+
+
+
+<p>
+<hr><h3><a name="pdf-math.tanh"><code>math.tanh (x)</code></a></h3>
+
+
+<p>
+Returns the hyperbolic tangent of <code>x</code>.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+<h2>6.7 – <a name="6.7">Bitwise Operations</a></h2>
+
+<p>
+This library provides bitwise operations.
+It provides all its functions inside the table <a name="pdf-bit32"><code>bit32</code></a>.
+
+
+<p>
+Unless otherwise stated,
+all functions accept numeric arguments in the range
+<em>(-2<sup>51</sup>,+2<sup>51</sup>)</em>;
+each argument is normalized to
+the remainder of its division by <em>2<sup>32</sup></em>
+and truncated to an integer (in some unspecified way),
+so that its final value falls in the range <em>[0,2<sup>32</sup> - 1]</em>.
+Similarly, all results are in the range <em>[0,2<sup>32</sup> - 1]</em>.
+Note that <code>bit32.bnot(0)</code> is <code>0xFFFFFFFF</code>,
+which is different from <code>-1</code>.
+
+
+<p>
+<hr><h3><a name="pdf-bit32.arshift"><code>bit32.arshift (x, disp)</code></a></h3>
+
+
+<p>
+Returns the number <code>x</code> shifted <code>disp</code> bits to the right.
+The number <code>disp</code> may be any representable integer.
+Negative displacements shift to the left.
+
+
+<p>
+This shift operation is what is called arithmetic shift.
+Vacant bits on the left are filled
+with copies of the higher bit of <code>x</code>;
+vacant bits on the right are filled with zeros.
+In particular,
+displacements with absolute values higher than 31
+result in zero or <code>0xFFFFFFFF</code> (all original bits are shifted out).
+
+
+
+
+<p>
+<hr><h3><a name="pdf-bit32.band"><code>bit32.band (···)</code></a></h3>
+
+
+<p>
+Returns the bitwise <em>and</em> of its operands.
+
+
+
+
+<p>
+<hr><h3><a name="pdf-bit32.bnot"><code>bit32.bnot (x)</code></a></h3>
+
+
+<p>
+Returns the bitwise negation of <code>x</code>.
+For any integer <code>x</code>,
+the following identity holds:
+
+<pre>
+ assert(bit32.bnot(x) == (-1 - x) % 2^32)
+</pre>
+
+
+
+<p>
+<hr><h3><a name="pdf-bit32.bor"><code>bit32.bor (···)</code></a></h3>
+
+
+<p>
+Returns the bitwise <em>or</em> of its operands.
+
+
+
+
+<p>
+<hr><h3><a name="pdf-bit32.btest"><code>bit32.btest (···)</code></a></h3>
+
+
+<p>
+Returns a boolean signaling
+whether the bitwise <em>and</em> of its operands is different from zero.
+
+
+
+
+<p>
+<hr><h3><a name="pdf-bit32.bxor"><code>bit32.bxor (···)</code></a></h3>
+
+
+<p>
+Returns the bitwise <em>exclusive or</em> of its operands.
+
+
+
+
+<p>
+<hr><h3><a name="pdf-bit32.extract"><code>bit32.extract (n, field [, width])</code></a></h3>
+
+
+<p>
+Returns the unsigned number formed by the bits
+<code>field</code> to <code>field + width - 1</code> from <code>n</code>.
+Bits are numbered from 0 (least significant) to 31 (most significant).
+All accessed bits must be in the range <em>[0, 31]</em>.
+
+
+<p>
+The default for <code>width</code> is 1.
+
+
+
+
+<p>
+<hr><h3><a name="pdf-bit32.replace"><code>bit32.replace (n, v, field [, width])</code></a></h3>
+
+
+<p>
+Returns a copy of <code>n</code> with
+the bits <code>field</code> to <code>field + width - 1</code>
+replaced by the value <code>v</code>.
+See <a href="#pdf-bit32.extract"><code>bit32.extract</code></a> for details about <code>field</code> and <code>width</code>.
+
+
+
+
+<p>
+<hr><h3><a name="pdf-bit32.lrotate"><code>bit32.lrotate (x, disp)</code></a></h3>
+
+
+<p>
+Returns the number <code>x</code> rotated <code>disp</code> bits to the left.
+The number <code>disp</code> may be any representable integer.
+
+
+<p>
+For any valid displacement,
+the following identity holds:
+
+<pre>
+ assert(bit32.lrotate(x, disp) == bit32.lrotate(x, disp % 32))
+</pre><p>
+In particular,
+negative displacements rotate to the right.
+
+
+
+
+<p>
+<hr><h3><a name="pdf-bit32.lshift"><code>bit32.lshift (x, disp)</code></a></h3>
+
+
+<p>
+Returns the number <code>x</code> shifted <code>disp</code> bits to the left.
+The number <code>disp</code> may be any representable integer.
+Negative displacements shift to the right.
+In any direction, vacant bits are filled with zeros.
+In particular,
+displacements with absolute values higher than 31
+result in zero (all bits are shifted out).
+
+
+<p>
+For positive displacements,
+the following equality holds:
+
+<pre>
+ assert(bit32.lshift(b, disp) == (b * 2^disp) % 2^32)
+</pre>
+
+
+
+<p>
+<hr><h3><a name="pdf-bit32.rrotate"><code>bit32.rrotate (x, disp)</code></a></h3>
+
+
+<p>
+Returns the number <code>x</code> rotated <code>disp</code> bits to the right.
+The number <code>disp</code> may be any representable integer.
+
+
+<p>
+For any valid displacement,
+the following identity holds:
+
+<pre>
+ assert(bit32.rrotate(x, disp) == bit32.rrotate(x, disp % 32))
+</pre><p>
+In particular,
+negative displacements rotate to the left.
+
+
+
+
+<p>
+<hr><h3><a name="pdf-bit32.rshift"><code>bit32.rshift (x, disp)</code></a></h3>
+
+
+<p>
+Returns the number <code>x</code> shifted <code>disp</code> bits to the right.
+The number <code>disp</code> may be any representable integer.
+Negative displacements shift to the left.
+In any direction, vacant bits are filled with zeros.
+In particular,
+displacements with absolute values higher than 31
+result in zero (all bits are shifted out).
+
+
+<p>
+For positive displacements,
+the following equality holds:
+
+<pre>
+ assert(bit32.rshift(b, disp) == math.floor(b % 2^32 / 2^disp))
+</pre>
+
+<p>
+This shift operation is what is called logical shift.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+<h2>6.8 – <a name="6.8">Input and Output Facilities</a></h2>
+
+<p>
+The I/O library provides two different styles for file manipulation.
+The first one uses implicit file descriptors;
+that is, there are operations to set a default input file and a
+default output file,
+and all input/output operations are over these default files.
+The second style uses explicit file descriptors.
+
+
+<p>
+When using implicit file descriptors,
+all operations are supplied by table <a name="pdf-io"><code>io</code></a>.
+When using explicit file descriptors,
+the operation <a href="#pdf-io.open"><code>io.open</code></a> returns a file descriptor
+and then all operations are supplied as methods of the file descriptor.
+
+
+<p>
+The table <code>io</code> also provides
+three predefined file descriptors with their usual meanings from C:
+<a name="pdf-io.stdin"><code>io.stdin</code></a>, <a name="pdf-io.stdout"><code>io.stdout</code></a>, and <a name="pdf-io.stderr"><code>io.stderr</code></a>.
+The I/O library never closes these files.
+
+
+<p>
+Unless otherwise stated,
+all I/O functions return <b>nil</b> on failure
+(plus an error message as a second result and
+a system-dependent error code as a third result)
+and some value different from <b>nil</b> on success.
+
+
+<p>
+<hr><h3><a name="pdf-io.close"><code>io.close ([file])</code></a></h3>
+
+
+<p>
+Equivalent to <code>file:close()</code>.
+Without a <code>file</code>, closes the default output file.
+
+
+
+
+<p>
+<hr><h3><a name="pdf-io.flush"><code>io.flush ()</code></a></h3>
+
+
+<p>
+Equivalent to <code>io.output():flush()</code>.
+
+
+
+
+<p>
+<hr><h3><a name="pdf-io.input"><code>io.input ([file])</code></a></h3>
+
+
+<p>
+When called with a file name, it opens the named file (in text mode),
+and sets its handle as the default input file.
+When called with a file handle,
+it simply sets this file handle as the default input file.
+When called without parameters,
+it returns the current default input file.
+
+
+<p>
+In case of errors this function raises the error,
+instead of returning an error code.
+
+
+
+
+<p>
+<hr><h3><a name="pdf-io.lines"><code>io.lines ([filename ···])</code></a></h3>
+
+
+<p>
+Opens the given file name in read mode
+and returns an iterator function that
+works like <code>file:lines(···)</code> over the opened file.
+When the iterator function detects the end of file,
+it returns <b>nil</b> (to finish the loop) and automatically closes the file.
+
+
+<p>
+The call <code>io.lines()</code> (with no file name) is equivalent
+to <code>io.input():lines()</code>;
+that is, it iterates over the lines of the default input file.
+In this case it does not close the file when the loop ends.
+
+
+<p>
+In case of errors this function raises the error,
+instead of returning an error code.
+
+
+
+
+<p>
+<hr><h3><a name="pdf-io.open"><code>io.open (filename [, mode])</code></a></h3>
+
+
+<p>
+This function opens a file,
+in the mode specified in the string <code>mode</code>.
+It returns a new file handle,
+or, in case of errors, <b>nil</b> plus an error message.
+
+
+<p>
+The <code>mode</code> string can be any of the following:
+
+<ul>
+<li><b>"<code>r</code>": </b> read mode (the default);</li>
+<li><b>"<code>w</code>": </b> write mode;</li>
+<li><b>"<code>a</code>": </b> append mode;</li>
+<li><b>"<code>r+</code>": </b> update mode, all previous data is preserved;</li>
+<li><b>"<code>w+</code>": </b> update mode, all previous data is erased;</li>
+<li><b>"<code>a+</code>": </b> append update mode, previous data is preserved,
+ writing is only allowed at the end of file.</li>
+</ul><p>
+The <code>mode</code> string can also have a '<code>b</code>' at the end,
+which is needed in some systems to open the file in binary mode.
+
+
+
+
+<p>
+<hr><h3><a name="pdf-io.output"><code>io.output ([file])</code></a></h3>
+
+
+<p>
+Similar to <a href="#pdf-io.input"><code>io.input</code></a>, but operates over the default output file.
+
+
+
+
+<p>
+<hr><h3><a name="pdf-io.popen"><code>io.popen (prog [, mode])</code></a></h3>
+
+
+<p>
+This function is system dependent and is not available
+on all platforms.
+
+
+<p>
+Starts program <code>prog</code> in a separated process and returns
+a file handle that you can use to read data from this program
+(if <code>mode</code> is <code>"r"</code>, the default)
+or to write data to this program
+(if <code>mode</code> is <code>"w"</code>).
+
+
+
+
+<p>
+<hr><h3><a name="pdf-io.read"><code>io.read (···)</code></a></h3>
+
+
+<p>
+Equivalent to <code>io.input():read(···)</code>.
+
+
+
+
+<p>
+<hr><h3><a name="pdf-io.tmpfile"><code>io.tmpfile ()</code></a></h3>
+
+
+<p>
+Returns a handle for a temporary file.
+This file is opened in update mode
+and it is automatically removed when the program ends.
+
+
+
+
+<p>
+<hr><h3><a name="pdf-io.type"><code>io.type (obj)</code></a></h3>
+
+
+<p>
+Checks whether <code>obj</code> is a valid file handle.
+Returns the string <code>"file"</code> if <code>obj</code> is an open file handle,
+<code>"closed file"</code> if <code>obj</code> is a closed file handle,
+or <b>nil</b> if <code>obj</code> is not a file handle.
+
+
+
+
+<p>
+<hr><h3><a name="pdf-io.write"><code>io.write (···)</code></a></h3>
+
+
+<p>
+Equivalent to <code>io.output():write(···)</code>.
+
+
+
+
+<p>
+<hr><h3><a name="pdf-file:close"><code>file:close ()</code></a></h3>
+
+
+<p>
+Closes <code>file</code>.
+Note that files are automatically closed when
+their handles are garbage collected,
+but that takes an unpredictable amount of time to happen.
+
+
+<p>
+When closing a file handle created with <a href="#pdf-io.popen"><code>io.popen</code></a>,
+<a href="#pdf-file:close"><code>file:close</code></a> returns the same values
+returned by <a href="#pdf-os.execute"><code>os.execute</code></a>.
+
+
+
+
+<p>
+<hr><h3><a name="pdf-file:flush"><code>file:flush ()</code></a></h3>
+
+
+<p>
+Saves any written data to <code>file</code>.
+
+
+
+
+<p>
+<hr><h3><a name="pdf-file:lines"><code>file:lines (···)</code></a></h3>
+
+
+<p>
+Returns an iterator function that,
+each time it is called,
+reads the file according to the given formats.
+When no format is given,
+uses "*l" as a default.
+As an example, the construction
+
+<pre>
+ for c in file:lines(1) do <em>body</em> end
+</pre><p>
+will iterate over all characters of the file,
+starting at the current position.
+Unlike <a href="#pdf-io.lines"><code>io.lines</code></a>, this function does not close the file
+when the loop ends.
+
+
+<p>
+In case of errors this function raises the error,
+instead of returning an error code.
+
+
+
+
+<p>
+<hr><h3><a name="pdf-file:read"><code>file:read (···)</code></a></h3>
+
+
+<p>
+Reads the file <code>file</code>,
+according to the given formats, which specify what to read.
+For each format,
+the function returns a string (or a number) with the characters read,
+or <b>nil</b> if it cannot read data with the specified format.
+When called without formats,
+it uses a default format that reads the next line
+(see below).
+
+
+<p>
+The available formats are
+
+<ul>
+
+<li><b>"<code>*n</code>": </b>
+reads a number;
+this is the only format that returns a number instead of a string.
+</li>
+
+<li><b>"<code>*a</code>": </b>
+reads the whole file, starting at the current position.
+On end of file, it returns the empty string.
+</li>
+
+<li><b>"<code>*l</code>": </b>
+reads the next line skipping the end of line,
+returning <b>nil</b> on end of file.
+This is the default format.
+</li>
+
+<li><b>"<code>*L</code>": </b>
+reads the next line keeping the end of line (if present),
+returning <b>nil</b> on end of file.
+</li>
+
+<li><b><em>number</em>: </b>
+reads a string with up to this number of bytes,
+returning <b>nil</b> on end of file.
+If number is zero,
+it reads nothing and returns an empty string,
+or <b>nil</b> on end of file.
+</li>
+
+</ul>
+
+
+
+<p>
+<hr><h3><a name="pdf-file:seek"><code>file:seek ([whence [, offset]])</code></a></h3>
+
+
+<p>
+Sets and gets the file position,
+measured from the beginning of the file,
+to the position given by <code>offset</code> plus a base
+specified by the string <code>whence</code>, as follows:
+
+<ul>
+<li><b>"<code>set</code>": </b> base is position 0 (beginning of the file);</li>
+<li><b>"<code>cur</code>": </b> base is current position;</li>
+<li><b>"<code>end</code>": </b> base is end of file;</li>
+</ul><p>
+In case of success, <code>seek</code> returns the final file position,
+measured in bytes from the beginning of the file.
+If <code>seek</code> fails, it returns <b>nil</b>,
+plus a string describing the error.
+
+
+<p>
+The default value for <code>whence</code> is <code>"cur"</code>,
+and for <code>offset</code> is 0.
+Therefore, the call <code>file:seek()</code> returns the current
+file position, without changing it;
+the call <code>file:seek("set")</code> sets the position to the
+beginning of the file (and returns 0);
+and the call <code>file:seek("end")</code> sets the position to the
+end of the file, and returns its size.
+
+
+
+
+<p>
+<hr><h3><a name="pdf-file:setvbuf"><code>file:setvbuf (mode [, size])</code></a></h3>
+
+
+<p>
+Sets the buffering mode for an output file.
+There are three available modes:
+
+<ul>
+
+<li><b>"<code>no</code>": </b>
+no buffering; the result of any output operation appears immediately.
+</li>
+
+<li><b>"<code>full</code>": </b>
+full buffering; output operation is performed only
+when the buffer is full or when
+you explicitly <code>flush</code> the file (see <a href="#pdf-io.flush"><code>io.flush</code></a>).
+</li>
+
+<li><b>"<code>line</code>": </b>
+line buffering; output is buffered until a newline is output
+or there is any input from some special files
+(such as a terminal device).
+</li>
+
+</ul><p>
+For the last two cases, <code>size</code>
+specifies the size of the buffer, in bytes.
+The default is an appropriate size.
+
+
+
+
+<p>
+<hr><h3><a name="pdf-file:write"><code>file:write (···)</code></a></h3>
+
+
+<p>
+Writes the value of each of its arguments to <code>file</code>.
+The arguments must be strings or numbers.
+
+
+<p>
+In case of success, this function returns <code>file</code>.
+Otherwise it returns <b>nil</b> plus a string describing the error.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+<h2>6.9 – <a name="6.9">Operating System Facilities</a></h2>
+
+<p>
+This library is implemented through table <a name="pdf-os"><code>os</code></a>.
+
+
+<p>
+<hr><h3><a name="pdf-os.clock"><code>os.clock ()</code></a></h3>
+
+
+<p>
+Returns an approximation of the amount in seconds of CPU time
+used by the program.
+
+
+
+
+<p>
+<hr><h3><a name="pdf-os.date"><code>os.date ([format [, time]])</code></a></h3>
+
+
+<p>
+Returns a string or a table containing date and time,
+formatted according to the given string <code>format</code>.
+
+
+<p>
+If the <code>time</code> argument is present,
+this is the time to be formatted
+(see the <a href="#pdf-os.time"><code>os.time</code></a> function for a description of this value).
+Otherwise, <code>date</code> formats the current time.
+
+
+<p>
+If <code>format</code> starts with '<code>!</code>',
+then the date is formatted in Coordinated Universal Time.
+After this optional character,
+if <code>format</code> is the string "<code>*t</code>",
+then <code>date</code> returns a table with the following fields:
+<code>year</code> (four digits), <code>month</code> (1–12), <code>day</code> (1–31),
+<code>hour</code> (0–23), <code>min</code> (0–59), <code>sec</code> (0–61),
+<code>wday</code> (weekday, Sunday is 1),
+<code>yday</code> (day of the year),
+and <code>isdst</code> (daylight saving flag, a boolean).
+This last field may be absent
+if the information is not available.
+
+
+<p>
+If <code>format</code> is not "<code>*t</code>",
+then <code>date</code> returns the date as a string,
+formatted according to the same rules as the C function <code>strftime</code>.
+
+
+<p>
+When called without arguments,
+<code>date</code> returns a reasonable date and time representation that depends on
+the host system and on the current locale
+(that is, <code>os.date()</code> is equivalent to <code>os.date("%c")</code>).
+
+
+<p>
+On some systems,
+this function may be not thread safe.
+
+
+
+
+<p>
+<hr><h3><a name="pdf-os.difftime"><code>os.difftime (t2, t1)</code></a></h3>
+
+
+<p>
+Returns the number of seconds from time <code>t1</code> to time <code>t2</code>.
+In POSIX, Windows, and some other systems,
+this value is exactly <code>t2</code><em>-</em><code>t1</code>.
+
+
+
+
+<p>
+<hr><h3><a name="pdf-os.execute"><code>os.execute ([command])</code></a></h3>
+
+
+<p>
+This function is equivalent to the C function <code>system</code>.
+It passes <code>command</code> to be executed by an operating system shell.
+Its first result is <b>true</b>
+if the command terminated successfully,
+or <b>nil</b> otherwise.
+After this first result
+the function returns a string and a number,
+as follows:
+
+<ul>
+
+<li><b>"<code>exit</code>": </b>
+the command terminated normally;
+the following number is the exit status of the command.
+</li>
+
+<li><b>"<code>signal</code>": </b>
+the command was terminated by a signal;
+the following number is the signal that terminated the command.
+</li>
+
+</ul>
+
+<p>
+When called without a <code>command</code>,
+<code>os.execute</code> returns a boolean that is true if a shell is available.
+
+
+
+
+<p>
+<hr><h3><a name="pdf-os.exit"><code>os.exit ([code [, close])</code></a></h3>
+
+
+<p>
+Calls the C function <code>exit</code> to terminate the host program.
+If <code>code</code> is <b>true</b>,
+the returned status is <code>EXIT_SUCCESS</code>;
+if <code>code</code> is <b>false</b>,
+the returned status is <code>EXIT_FAILURE</code>;
+if <code>code</code> is a number,
+the returned status is this number.
+The default value for <code>code</code> is <b>true</b>.
+
+
+<p>
+If the optional second argument <code>close</code> is true,
+closes the Lua state before exiting.
+
+
+
+
+<p>
+<hr><h3><a name="pdf-os.getenv"><code>os.getenv (varname)</code></a></h3>
+
+
+<p>
+Returns the value of the process environment variable <code>varname</code>,
+or <b>nil</b> if the variable is not defined.
+
+
+
+
+<p>
+<hr><h3><a name="pdf-os.remove"><code>os.remove (filename)</code></a></h3>
+
+
+<p>
+Deletes the file (or empty directory, on POSIX systems)
+with the given name.
+If this function fails, it returns <b>nil</b>,
+plus a string describing the error and the error code.
+
+
+
+
+<p>
+<hr><h3><a name="pdf-os.rename"><code>os.rename (oldname, newname)</code></a></h3>
+
+
+<p>
+Renames file or directory named <code>oldname</code> to <code>newname</code>.
+If this function fails, it returns <b>nil</b>,
+plus a string describing the error and the error code.
+
+
+
+
+<p>
+<hr><h3><a name="pdf-os.setlocale"><code>os.setlocale (locale [, category])</code></a></h3>
+
+
+<p>
+Sets the current locale of the program.
+<code>locale</code> is a system-dependent string specifying a locale;
+<code>category</code> is an optional string describing which category to change:
+<code>"all"</code>, <code>"collate"</code>, <code>"ctype"</code>,
+<code>"monetary"</code>, <code>"numeric"</code>, or <code>"time"</code>;
+the default category is <code>"all"</code>.
+The function returns the name of the new locale,
+or <b>nil</b> if the request cannot be honored.
+
+
+<p>
+If <code>locale</code> is the empty string,
+the current locale is set to an implementation-defined native locale.
+If <code>locale</code> is the string "<code>C</code>",
+the current locale is set to the standard C locale.
+
+
+<p>
+When called with <b>nil</b> as the first argument,
+this function only returns the name of the current locale
+for the given category.
+
+
+
+
+<p>
+<hr><h3><a name="pdf-os.time"><code>os.time ([table])</code></a></h3>
+
+
+<p>
+Returns the current time when called without arguments,
+or a time representing the date and time specified by the given table.
+This table must have fields <code>year</code>, <code>month</code>, and <code>day</code>,
+and may have fields
+<code>hour</code> (default is 12),
+<code>min</code> (default is 0),
+<code>sec</code> (default is 0),
+and <code>isdst</code> (default is <b>nil</b>).
+For a description of these fields, see the <a href="#pdf-os.date"><code>os.date</code></a> function.
+
+
+<p>
+The returned value is a number, whose meaning depends on your system.
+In POSIX, Windows, and some other systems,
+this number counts the number
+of seconds since some given start time (the "epoch").
+In other systems, the meaning is not specified,
+and the number returned by <code>time</code> can be used only as an argument to
+<a href="#pdf-os.date"><code>os.date</code></a> and <a href="#pdf-os.difftime"><code>os.difftime</code></a>.
+
+
+
+
+<p>
+<hr><h3><a name="pdf-os.tmpname"><code>os.tmpname ()</code></a></h3>
+
+
+<p>
+Returns a string with a file name that can
+be used for a temporary file.
+The file must be explicitly opened before its use
+and explicitly removed when no longer needed.
+
+
+<p>
+On POSIX systems,
+this function also creates a file with that name,
+to avoid security risks.
+(Someone else might create the file with wrong permissions
+in the time between getting the name and creating the file.)
+You still have to open the file to use it
+and to remove it (even if you do not use it).
+
+
+<p>
+When possible,
+you may prefer to use <a href="#pdf-io.tmpfile"><code>io.tmpfile</code></a>,
+which automatically removes the file when the program ends.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+<h2>6.10 – <a name="6.10">The Debug Library</a></h2>
+
+<p>
+This library provides
+the functionality of the debug interface (<a href="#4.9">§4.9</a>) to Lua programs.
+You should exert care when using this library.
+Several of its functions
+violate basic assumptions about Lua code
+(e.g., that variables local to a function
+cannot be accessed from outside;
+that userdata metatables cannot be changed by Lua code;
+that Lua programs do not crash)
+and therefore can compromise otherwise secure code.
+Moreover, some functions in this library may be slow.
+
+
+<p>
+All functions in this library are provided
+inside the <a name="pdf-debug"><code>debug</code></a> table.
+All functions that operate over a thread
+have an optional first argument which is the
+thread to operate over.
+The default is always the current thread.
+
+
+<p>
+<hr><h3><a name="pdf-debug.debug"><code>debug.debug ()</code></a></h3>
+
+
+<p>
+Enters an interactive mode with the user,
+running each string that the user enters.
+Using simple commands and other debug facilities,
+the user can inspect global and local variables,
+change their values, evaluate expressions, and so on.
+A line containing only the word <code>cont</code> finishes this function,
+so that the caller continues its execution.
+
+
+<p>
+Note that commands for <code>debug.debug</code> are not lexically nested
+within any function and so have no direct access to local variables.
+
+
+
+
+<p>
+<hr><h3><a name="pdf-debug.gethook"><code>debug.gethook ([thread])</code></a></h3>
+
+
+<p>
+Returns the current hook settings of the thread, as three values:
+the current hook function, the current hook mask,
+and the current hook count
+(as set by the <a href="#pdf-debug.sethook"><code>debug.sethook</code></a> function).
+
+
+
+
+<p>
+<hr><h3><a name="pdf-debug.getinfo"><code>debug.getinfo ([thread,] f [, what])</code></a></h3>
+
+
+<p>
+Returns a table with information about a function.
+You can give the function directly
+or you can give a number as the value of <code>f</code>,
+which means the function running at level <code>f</code> of the call stack
+of the given thread:
+level 0 is the current function (<code>getinfo</code> itself);
+level 1 is the function that called <code>getinfo</code>
+(except for tail calls, which do not count on the stack);
+and so on.
+If <code>f</code> is a number larger than the number of active functions,
+then <code>getinfo</code> returns <b>nil</b>.
+
+
+<p>
+The returned table can contain all the fields returned by <a href="#lua_getinfo"><code>lua_getinfo</code></a>,
+with the string <code>what</code> describing which fields to fill in.
+The default for <code>what</code> is to get all information available,
+except the table of valid lines.
+If present,
+the option '<code>f</code>'
+adds a field named <code>func</code> with the function itself.
+If present,
+the option '<code>L</code>'
+adds a field named <code>activelines</code> with the table of
+valid lines.
+
+
+<p>
+For instance, the expression <code>debug.getinfo(1,"n").name</code> returns
+a table with a name for the current function,
+if a reasonable name can be found,
+and the expression <code>debug.getinfo(print)</code>
+returns a table with all available information
+about the <a href="#pdf-print"><code>print</code></a> function.
+
+
+
+
+<p>
+<hr><h3><a name="pdf-debug.getlocal"><code>debug.getlocal ([thread,] f, local)</code></a></h3>
+
+
+<p>
+This function returns the name and the value of the local variable
+with index <code>local</code> of the function at level <code>f</code> of the stack.
+This function accesses not only explicit local variables,
+but also parameters, temporaries, etc.
+
+
+<p>
+The first parameter or local variable has index 1, and so on,
+until the last active variable.
+Negative indices refer to vararg parameters;
+-1 is the first vararg parameter.
+The function returns <b>nil</b> if there is no variable with the given index,
+and raises an error when called with a level out of range.
+(You can call <a href="#pdf-debug.getinfo"><code>debug.getinfo</code></a> to check whether the level is valid.)
+
+
+<p>
+Variable names starting with '<code>(</code>' (open parentheses)
+represent internal variables
+(loop control variables, temporaries, varargs, and C function locals).
+
+
+<p>
+The parameter <code>f</code> may also be a function.
+In that case, <code>getlocal</code> returns only the name of function parameters.
+
+
+
+
+<p>
+<hr><h3><a name="pdf-debug.getmetatable"><code>debug.getmetatable (value)</code></a></h3>
+
+
+<p>
+Returns the metatable of the given <code>value</code>
+or <b>nil</b> if it does not have a metatable.
+
+
+
+
+<p>
+<hr><h3><a name="pdf-debug.getregistry"><code>debug.getregistry ()</code></a></h3>
+
+
+<p>
+Returns the registry table (see <a href="#4.5">§4.5</a>).
+
+
+
+
+<p>
+<hr><h3><a name="pdf-debug.getupvalue"><code>debug.getupvalue (f, up)</code></a></h3>
+
+
+<p>
+This function returns the name and the value of the upvalue
+with index <code>up</code> of the function <code>f</code>.
+The function returns <b>nil</b> if there is no upvalue with the given index.
+
+
+
+
+<p>
+<hr><h3><a name="pdf-debug.getuservalue"><code>debug.getuservalue (u)</code></a></h3>
+
+
+<p>
+Returns the Lua value associated to <code>u</code>.
+If <code>u</code> is not a userdata,
+returns <b>nil</b>.
+
+
+
+
+<p>
+<hr><h3><a name="pdf-debug.sethook"><code>debug.sethook ([thread,] hook, mask [, count])</code></a></h3>
+
+
+<p>
+Sets the given function as a hook.
+The string <code>mask</code> and the number <code>count</code> describe
+when the hook will be called.
+The string mask may have the following characters,
+with the given meaning:
+
+<ul>
+<li><b>'<code>c</code>': </b> the hook is called every time Lua calls a function;</li>
+<li><b>'<code>r</code>': </b> the hook is called every time Lua returns from a function;</li>
+<li><b>'<code>l</code>': </b> the hook is called every time Lua enters a new line of code.</li>
+</ul><p>
+With a <code>count</code> different from zero,
+the hook is called after every <code>count</code> instructions.
+
+
+<p>
+When called without arguments,
+<a href="#pdf-debug.sethook"><code>debug.sethook</code></a> turns off the hook.
+
+
+<p>
+When the hook is called, its first parameter is a string
+describing the event that has triggered its call:
+<code>"call"</code> (or <code>"tail call"</code>),
+<code>"return"</code>,
+<code>"line"</code>, and <code>"count"</code>.
+For line events,
+the hook also gets the new line number as its second parameter.
+Inside a hook,
+you can call <code>getinfo</code> with level 2 to get more information about
+the running function
+(level 0 is the <code>getinfo</code> function,
+and level 1 is the hook function).
+
+
+
+
+<p>
+<hr><h3><a name="pdf-debug.setlocal"><code>debug.setlocal ([thread,] level, local, value)</code></a></h3>
+
+
+<p>
+This function assigns the value <code>value</code> to the local variable
+with index <code>local</code> of the function at level <code>level</code> of the stack.
+The function returns <b>nil</b> if there is no local
+variable with the given index,
+and raises an error when called with a <code>level</code> out of range.
+(You can call <code>getinfo</code> to check whether the level is valid.)
+Otherwise, it returns the name of the local variable.
+
+
+<p>
+See <a href="#pdf-debug.getlocal"><code>debug.getlocal</code></a> for more information about
+variable indices and names.
+
+
+
+
+<p>
+<hr><h3><a name="pdf-debug.setmetatable"><code>debug.setmetatable (value, table)</code></a></h3>
+
+
+<p>
+Sets the metatable for the given <code>value</code> to the given <code>table</code>
+(which can be <b>nil</b>).
+Returns <code>value</code>.
+
+
+
+
+<p>
+<hr><h3><a name="pdf-debug.setupvalue"><code>debug.setupvalue (f, up, value)</code></a></h3>
+
+
+<p>
+This function assigns the value <code>value</code> to the upvalue
+with index <code>up</code> of the function <code>f</code>.
+The function returns <b>nil</b> if there is no upvalue
+with the given index.
+Otherwise, it returns the name of the upvalue.
+
+
+
+
+<p>
+<hr><h3><a name="pdf-debug.setuservalue"><code>debug.setuservalue (udata, value)</code></a></h3>
+
+
+<p>
+Sets the given <code>value</code> as
+the Lua value associated to the given <code>udata</code>.
+<code>value</code> must be a table or <b>nil</b>;
+<code>udata</code> must be a full userdata.
+
+
+<p>
+Returns <code>udata</code>.
+
+
+
+
+<p>
+<hr><h3><a name="pdf-debug.traceback"><code>debug.traceback ([thread,] [message [, level]])</code></a></h3>
+
+
+<p>
+If <code>message</code> is present but is neither a string nor <b>nil</b>,
+this function returns <code>message</code> without further processing.
+Otherwise,
+it returns a string with a traceback of the call stack.
+An optional <code>message</code> string is appended
+at the beginning of the traceback.
+An optional <code>level</code> number tells at which level
+to start the traceback
+(default is 1, the function calling <code>traceback</code>).
+
+
+
+
+<p>
+<hr><h3><a name="pdf-debug.upvalueid"><code>debug.upvalueid (f, n)</code></a></h3>
+
+
+<p>
+Returns an unique identifier (as a light userdata)
+for the upvalue numbered <code>n</code>
+from the given function.
+
+
+<p>
+These unique identifiers allow a program to check whether different
+closures share upvalues.
+Lua closures that share an upvalue
+(that is, that access a same external local variable)
+will return identical ids for those upvalue indices.
+
+
+
+
+<p>
+<hr><h3><a name="pdf-debug.upvaluejoin"><code>debug.upvaluejoin (f1, n1, f2, n2)</code></a></h3>
+
+
+<p>
+Make the <code>n1</code>-th upvalue of the Lua closure <code>f1</code>
+refer to the <code>n2</code>-th upvalue of the Lua closure <code>f2</code>.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+<h1>7 – <a name="7">Lua Standalone</a></h1>
+
+<p>
+Although Lua has been designed as an extension language,
+to be embedded in a host C program,
+it is also frequently used as a standalone language.
+An interpreter for Lua as a standalone language,
+called simply <code>lua</code>,
+is provided with the standard distribution.
+The standalone interpreter includes
+all standard libraries, including the debug library.
+Its usage is:
+
+<pre>
+ lua [options] [script [args]]
+</pre><p>
+The options are:
+
+<ul>
+<li><b><code>-e <em>stat</em></code>: </b> executes string <em>stat</em>;</li>
+<li><b><code>-l <em>mod</em></code>: </b> "requires" <em>mod</em>;</li>
+<li><b><code>-i</code>: </b> enters interactive mode after running <em>script</em>;</li>
+<li><b><code>-v</code>: </b> prints version information;</li>
+<li><b><code>-E</code>: </b> ignores environment variables;</li>
+<li><b><code>--</code>: </b> stops handling options;</li>
+<li><b><code>-</code>: </b> executes <code>stdin</code> as a file and stops handling options.</li>
+</ul><p>
+After handling its options, <code>lua</code> runs the given <em>script</em>,
+passing to it the given <em>args</em> as string arguments.
+When called without arguments,
+<code>lua</code> behaves as <code>lua -v -i</code>
+when the standard input (<code>stdin</code>) is a terminal,
+and as <code>lua -</code> otherwise.
+
+
+<p>
+When called without option <code>-E</code>,
+the interpreter checks for an environment variable <a name="pdf-LUA_INIT_5_2"><code>LUA_INIT_5_2</code></a>
+(or <a name="pdf-LUA_INIT"><code>LUA_INIT</code></a> if it is not defined)
+before running any argument.
+If the variable content has the format <code>@<em>filename</em></code>,
+then <code>lua</code> executes the file.
+Otherwise, <code>lua</code> executes the string itself.
+
+
+<p>
+When called with option <code>-E</code>,
+besides ignoring <code>LUA_INIT</code>,
+Lua also ignores
+the values of <code>LUA_PATH</code> and <code>LUA_CPATH</code>,
+setting the values of
+<a href="#pdf-package.path"><code>package.path</code></a> and <a href="#pdf-package.cpath"><code>package.cpath</code></a>
+with the default paths defined in <code>luaconf.h</code>.
+
+
+<p>
+All options are handled in order, except <code>-i</code> and <code>-E</code>.
+For instance, an invocation like
+
+<pre>
+ $ lua -e'a=1' -e 'print(a)' script.lua
+</pre><p>
+will first set <code>a</code> to 1, then print the value of <code>a</code>,
+and finally run the file <code>script.lua</code> with no arguments.
+(Here <code>$</code> is the shell prompt. Your prompt may be different.)
+
+
+<p>
+Before starting to run the script,
+<code>lua</code> collects all arguments in the command line
+in a global table called <code>arg</code>.
+The script name is stored at index 0,
+the first argument after the script name goes to index 1,
+and so on.
+Any arguments before the script name
+(that is, the interpreter name plus the options)
+go to negative indices.
+For instance, in the call
+
+<pre>
+ $ lua -la b.lua t1 t2
+</pre><p>
+the interpreter first runs the file <code>a.lua</code>,
+then creates a table
+
+<pre>
+ arg = { [-2] = "lua", [-1] = "-la",
+ [0] = "b.lua",
+ [1] = "t1", [2] = "t2" }
+</pre><p>
+and finally runs the file <code>b.lua</code>.
+The script is called with <code>arg[1]</code>, <code>arg[2]</code>, ...
+as arguments;
+it can also access these arguments with the vararg expression '<code>...</code>'.
+
+
+<p>
+In interactive mode,
+if you write an incomplete statement,
+the interpreter waits for its completion
+by issuing a different prompt.
+
+
+<p>
+In case of unprotected errors in the script,
+the interpreter reports the error to the standard error stream.
+If the error object is a string,
+the interpreter adds a stack traceback to it.
+Otherwise, if the error object has a metamethod <code>__tostring</code>,
+the interpreter calls this metamethod to produce the final message.
+Finally, if the error object is <b>nil</b>,
+the interpreter does not report the error.
+
+
+<p>
+When finishing normally,
+the interpreter closes its main Lua state
+(see <a href="#lua_close"><code>lua_close</code></a>).
+The script can avoid this step by
+calling <a href="#pdf-os.exit"><code>os.exit</code></a> to terminate.
+
+
+<p>
+To allow the use of Lua as a
+script interpreter in Unix systems,
+the standalone interpreter skips
+the first line of a chunk if it starts with <code>#</code>.
+Therefore, Lua scripts can be made into executable programs
+by using <code>chmod +x</code> and the <code>#!</code> form,
+as in
+
+<pre>
+ #!/usr/local/bin/lua
+</pre><p>
+(Of course,
+the location of the Lua interpreter may be different in your machine.
+If <code>lua</code> is in your <code>PATH</code>,
+then
+
+<pre>
+ #!/usr/bin/env lua
+</pre><p>
+is a more portable solution.)
+
+
+
+<h1>8 – <a name="8">Incompatibilities with the Previous Version</a></h1>
+
+<p>
+Here we list the incompatibilities that you may find when moving a program
+from Lua 5.1 to Lua 5.2.
+You can avoid some incompatibilities by compiling Lua with
+appropriate options (see file <code>luaconf.h</code>).
+However,
+all these compatibility options will be removed in the next version of Lua.
+
+
+
+<h2>8.1 – <a name="8.1">Changes in the Language</a></h2>
+<ul>
+
+<li>
+The concept of <em>environment</em> changed.
+Only Lua functions have environments.
+To set the environment of a Lua function,
+use the variable <code>_ENV</code> or the function <a href="#pdf-load"><code>load</code></a>.
+
+
+<p>
+C functions no longer have environments.
+Use an upvalue with a shared table if you need to keep
+shared state among several C functions.
+(You may use <a href="#luaL_setfuncs"><code>luaL_setfuncs</code></a> to open a C library
+with all functions sharing a common upvalue.)
+
+
+<p>
+To manipulate the "environment" of a userdata
+(which is now called user value),
+use the new functions
+<a href="#lua_getuservalue"><code>lua_getuservalue</code></a> and <a href="#lua_setuservalue"><code>lua_setuservalue</code></a>.
+</li>
+
+<li>
+Lua identifiers cannot use locale-dependent letters.
+</li>
+
+<li>
+Doing a step or a full collection in the garbage collector
+does not restart the collector if it has been stopped.
+</li>
+
+<li>
+Weak tables with weak keys now perform like <em>ephemeron tables</em>.
+</li>
+
+<li>
+The event <em>tail return</em> in debug hooks was removed.
+Instead, tail calls generate a special new event,
+<em>tail call</em>, so that the debugger can know that
+there will not be a corresponding return event.
+</li>
+
+<li>
+Equality between function values has changed.
+Now, a function definition may not create a new value;
+it may reuse some previous value if there is no
+observable difference to the new function.
+</li>
+
+</ul>
+
+
+
+
+<h2>8.2 – <a name="8.2">Changes in the Libraries</a></h2>
+<ul>
+
+<li>
+Function <code>module</code> is deprecated.
+It is easy to set up a module with regular Lua code.
+Modules are not expected to set global variables.
+</li>
+
+<li>
+Functions <code>setfenv</code> and <code>getfenv</code> were removed,
+because of the changes in environments.
+</li>
+
+<li>
+Function <code>math.log10</code> is deprecated.
+Use <a href="#pdf-math.log"><code>math.log</code></a> with 10 as its second argument, instead.
+</li>
+
+<li>
+Function <code>loadstring</code> is deprecated.
+Use <code>load</code> instead; it now accepts string arguments
+and are exactly equivalent to <code>loadstring</code>.
+</li>
+
+<li>
+Function <code>table.maxn</code> is deprecated.
+Write it in Lua if you really need it.
+</li>
+
+<li>
+Function <code>os.execute</code> now returns <b>true</b> when command
+terminates successfully and <b>nil</b> plus error information
+otherwise.
+</li>
+
+<li>
+Function <code>unpack</code> was moved into the table library
+and therefore must be called as <a href="#pdf-table.unpack"><code>table.unpack</code></a>.
+</li>
+
+<li>
+Character class <code>%z</code> in patterns is deprecated,
+as now patterns may contain '<code>\0</code>' as a regular character.
+</li>
+
+<li>
+The table <code>package.loaders</code> was renamed <code>package.searchers</code>.
+</li>
+
+<li>
+Lua does not have bytecode verification anymore.
+So, all functions that load code
+(<a href="#pdf-load"><code>load</code></a> and <a href="#pdf-loadfile"><code>loadfile</code></a>)
+are potentially insecure when loading untrusted binary data.
+(Actually, those functions were already insecure because
+of flaws in the verification algorithm.)
+When in doubt,
+use the <code>mode</code> argument of those functions
+to restrict them to loading textual chunks.
+</li>
+
+<li>
+The standard paths in the official distribution may
+change between versions.
+</li>
+
+</ul>
+
+
+
+
+<h2>8.3 – <a name="8.3">Changes in the API</a></h2>
+<ul>
+
+<li>
+Pseudoindex <code>LUA_GLOBALSINDEX</code> was removed.
+You must get the global environment from the registry
+(see <a href="#4.5">§4.5</a>).
+</li>
+
+<li>
+Pseudoindex <code>LUA_ENVIRONINDEX</code>
+and functions <code>lua_getfenv</code>/<code>lua_setfenv</code>
+were removed,
+as C functions no longer have environments.
+</li>
+
+<li>
+Function <code>luaL_register</code> is deprecated.
+Use <a href="#luaL_setfuncs"><code>luaL_setfuncs</code></a> so that your module does not create globals.
+(Modules are not expected to set global variables anymore.)
+</li>
+
+<li>
+The <code>osize</code> argument to the allocation function
+may not be zero when creating a new block,
+that is, when <code>ptr</code> is <code>NULL</code>
+(see <a href="#lua_Alloc"><code>lua_Alloc</code></a>).
+Use only the test <code>ptr == NULL</code> to check whether
+the block is new.
+</li>
+
+<li>
+Finalizers (<code>__gc</code> metamethods) for userdata are called in the
+reverse order that they were marked for finalization,
+not that they were created (see <a href="#2.5.1">§2.5.1</a>).
+(Most userdata are marked immediately after they are created.)
+Moreover,
+if the metatable does not have a <code>__gc</code> field when set,
+the finalizer will not be called,
+even if it is set later.
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<code>luaL_typerror</code> was removed.
+Write your own version if you need it.
+</li>
+
+<li>
+Function <code>lua_cpcall</code> is deprecated.
+You can simply push the function with <a href="#lua_pushcfunction"><code>lua_pushcfunction</code></a>
+and call it with <a href="#lua_pcall"><code>lua_pcall</code></a>.
+</li>
+
+<li>
+Functions <code>lua_equal</code> and <code>lua_lessthan</code> are deprecated.
+Use the new <a href="#lua_compare"><code>lua_compare</code></a> with appropriate options instead.
+</li>
+
+<li>
+Function <code>lua_objlen</code> was renamed <a href="#lua_rawlen"><code>lua_rawlen</code></a>.
+</li>
+
+<li>
+Function <a href="#lua_load"><code>lua_load</code></a> has an extra parameter, <code>mode</code>.
+Pass <code>NULL</code> to simulate the old behavior.
+</li>
+
+<li>
+Function <a href="#lua_resume"><code>lua_resume</code></a> has an extra parameter, <code>from</code>.
+Pass <code>NULL</code> or the thread doing the call.
+</li>
+
+</ul>
+
+
+
+
+<h1>9 – <a name="9">The Complete Syntax of Lua</a></h1>
+
+<p>
+Here is the complete syntax of Lua in extended BNF.
+(It does not describe operator precedences.)
+
+
+
+
+<pre>
+
+ chunk ::= block
+
+ block ::= {stat} [retstat]
+
+ stat ::= ‘<b>;</b>’ |
+ varlist ‘<b>=</b>’ explist |
+ functioncall |
+ label |
+ <b>break</b> |
+ <b>goto</b> Name |
+ <b>do</b> block <b>end</b> |
+ <b>while</b> exp <b>do</b> block <b>end</b> |
+ <b>repeat</b> block <b>until</b> exp |
+ <b>if</b> exp <b>then</b> block {<b>elseif</b> exp <b>then</b> block} [<b>else</b> block] <b>end</b> |
+ <b>for</b> Name ‘<b>=</b>’ exp ‘<b>,</b>’ exp [‘<b>,</b>’ exp] <b>do</b> block <b>end</b> |
+ <b>for</b> namelist <b>in</b> explist <b>do</b> block <b>end</b> |
+ <b>function</b> funcname funcbody |
+ <b>local</b> <b>function</b> Name funcbody |
+ <b>local</b> namelist [‘<b>=</b>’ explist]
+
+ retstat ::= <b>return</b> [explist] [‘<b>;</b>’]
+
+ label ::= ‘<b>::</b>’ Name ‘<b>::</b>’
+
+ funcname ::= Name {‘<b>.</b>’ Name} [‘<b>:</b>’ Name]
+
+ varlist ::= var {‘<b>,</b>’ var}
+
+ var ::= Name | prefixexp ‘<b>[</b>’ exp ‘<b>]</b>’ | prefixexp ‘<b>.</b>’ Name
+
+ namelist ::= Name {‘<b>,</b>’ Name}
+
+ explist ::= exp {‘<b>,</b>’ exp}
+
+ exp ::= <b>nil</b> | <b>false</b> | <b>true</b> | Number | String | ‘<b>...</b>’ | functiondef |
+ prefixexp | tableconstructor | exp binop exp | unop exp
+
+ prefixexp ::= var | functioncall | ‘<b>(</b>’ exp ‘<b>)</b>’
+
+ functioncall ::= prefixexp args | prefixexp ‘<b>:</b>’ Name args
+
+ args ::= ‘<b>(</b>’ [explist] ‘<b>)</b>’ | tableconstructor | String
+
+ functiondef ::= <b>function</b> funcbody
+
+ funcbody ::= ‘<b>(</b>’ [parlist] ‘<b>)</b>’ block <b>end</b>
+
+ parlist ::= namelist [‘<b>,</b>’ ‘<b>...</b>’] | ‘<b>...</b>’
+
+ tableconstructor ::= ‘<b>{</b>’ [fieldlist] ‘<b>}</b>’
+
+ fieldlist ::= field {fieldsep field} [fieldsep]
+
+ field ::= ‘<b>[</b>’ exp ‘<b>]</b>’ ‘<b>=</b>’ exp | Name ‘<b>=</b>’ exp | exp
+
+ fieldsep ::= ‘<b>,</b>’ | ‘<b>;</b>’
+
+ binop ::= ‘<b>+</b>’ | ‘<b>-</b>’ | ‘<b>*</b>’ | ‘<b>/</b>’ | ‘<b>^</b>’ | ‘<b>%</b>’ | ‘<b>..</b>’ |
+ ‘<b><</b>’ | ‘<b><=</b>’ | ‘<b>></b>’ | ‘<b>>=</b>’ | ‘<b>==</b>’ | ‘<b>~=</b>’ |
+ <b>and</b> | <b>or</b>
+
+ unop ::= ‘<b>-</b>’ | <b>not</b> | ‘<b>#</b>’
+
+</pre>
+
+<p>
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+<HR>
+<SMALL CLASS="footer">
+Last update:
+Mon Dec 12 15:21:08 BRST 2011
+</SMALL>
+<!--
+Last change: revised for Lua 5.2.0
+-->
+
+</body></html>
+
--- /dev/null
+<!DOCTYPE HTML PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD HTML 4.01 Transitional//EN">
+<HTML>
+<HEAD>
+<TITLE>Lua 5.2 readme</TITLE>
+<LINK REL="stylesheet" TYPE="text/css" HREF="lua.css">
+<META HTTP-EQUIV="content-type" CONTENT="text/html; charset=iso-8859-1">
+<STYLE TYPE="text/css">
+blockquote, .display {
+ border: solid #a0a0a0 2px ;
+ padding: 1em ;
+ margin: 0px ;
+}
+
+.display {
+ word-spacing: 0.25em ;
+}
+
+dl.display dd {
+ padding-bottom: 0.2em ;
+}
+
+tt, kbd, code {
+ font-size: 12pt ;
+}
+</STYLE>
+</HEAD>
+
+<BODY>
+
+<HR>
+<H1>
+<A HREF="http://www.lua.org/"><IMG SRC="logo.gif" ALT="Lua" BORDER=0></A>
+Welcome to Lua 5.2
+</H1>
+
+<P>
+<A HREF="#about">about</A>
+·
+<A HREF="#install">installation</A>
+·
+<A HREF="#changes">changes</A>
+·
+<A HREF="#license">license</A>
+·
+<A HREF="contents.html">reference manual</A>
+<HR>
+
+<H2><A NAME="about">About Lua</A></H2>
+
+<P>
+Lua is a powerful, fast, lightweight, embeddable scripting language
+developed by a
+<A HREF="http://www.lua.org/authors.html">team</A>
+at
+<A HREF="http://www.puc-rio.br/">PUC-Rio</A>,
+the Pontifical Catholic University of Rio de Janeiro in Brazil.
+Lua is
+<A HREF="#license">free software</A>
+used in many products and projects around the world.
+
+<P>
+Lua's
+<A HREF="http://www.lua.org/">official web site</A>
+provides complete information
+about Lua,
+including
+an
+<A HREF="http://www.lua.org/about.html">executive summary</A>
+and
+updated
+<A HREF="http://www.lua.org/docs.html">documentation</A>,
+especially the
+<A HREF="http://www.lua.org/manual/5.2/">reference manual</A>,
+which may differ slightly from the
+<A HREF="contents.html">local copy</A>
+distributed in this package.
+
+<H2><A NAME="install">Installing Lua</A></H2>
+
+<P>
+Lua is distributed in
+<A HREF="http://www.lua.org/ftp/">source</A>
+form.
+You need to build it before using it.
+Building Lua should be straightforward
+because
+Lua is implemented in pure ANSI C and compiles unmodified in all known
+platforms that have an ANSI C compiler.
+Lua also compiles unmodified as C++.
+The instructions given below for building Lua are for Unix-like platforms.
+See also
+<A HREF="#other">instructions for other systems</A>
+and
+<A HREF="#customization">customization options</A>.
+
+<P>
+If you don't have the time or the inclination to compile Lua yourself,
+get a binary from
+<A HREF="http://lua-users.org/wiki/LuaBinaries">LuaBinaries</A>.
+Try also
+<A HREF="http://luaforwindows.luaforge.net/">Lua for Windows</A>,
+an easy-to-use distribution of Lua that includes many useful libraries.
+
+<!--
+<P>
+If you only want to try Lua,
+try the
+<A HREF="demo.html">live demo</A>.
+<P>
+-->
+
+<H3>Building Lua</H3>
+
+<P>
+In most Unix-like platforms, simply do "<KBD>make</KBD>" with a suitable target.
+Here are the details.
+
+<OL>
+<LI>
+Open a terminal window and move to
+the top-level directory, which is named <TT>lua-5.2.0</TT>.
+The Makefile there controls both the build process and the installation process.
+<P>
+<LI>
+ Do "<KBD>make</KBD>" and see if your platform is listed.
+ The platforms currently supported are:
+<P>
+<P CLASS="display">
+ aix ansi bsd freebsd generic linux macosx mingw posix solaris
+</P>
+<P>
+ If your platform is listed, just do "<KBD>make xxx</KBD>", where xxx
+ is your platform name.
+<P>
+ If your platform is not listed, try the closest one or posix, generic,
+ ansi, in this order.
+<P>
+<LI>
+The compilation takes only a few moments
+and produces three files in the <TT>src</TT> directory:
+lua (the interpreter),
+luac (the compiler),
+and liblua.a (the library).
+<P>
+<LI>
+ To check that Lua has been built correctly, do "<KBD>make test</KBD>"
+ after building Lua. This will run the interpreter and print its version string.
+</OL>
+<P>
+If you're running Linux and get compilation errors,
+make sure you have installed the <TT>readline</TT> development package.
+
+<H3>Installing Lua</H3>
+<P>
+ Once you have built Lua, you may want to install it in an official
+ place in your system. In this case, do "<KBD>make install</KBD>". The official
+ place and the way to install files are defined in the Makefile. You'll
+ probably need the right permissions to install files.
+
+<P>
+ To build and install Lua in one step, do "<KBD>make xxx install</KBD>",
+ where xxx is your platform name.
+
+<P>
+ To install Lua locally, do "<KBD>make local</KBD>".
+ This will create a directory <TT>install</TT> with subdirectories
+ <TT>bin</TT>, <TT>include</TT>, <TT>lib</TT>, <TT>man</TT>,
+ and install Lua as listed below.
+
+ To install Lua locally, but in some other directory, do
+ "<KBD>make install INSTALL_TOP=xxx</KBD>", where xxx is your chosen directory.
+
+<DL CLASS="display">
+<DT>
+ bin:
+<DD>
+ lua luac
+<DT>
+ include:
+<DD>
+ lua.h luaconf.h lualib.h lauxlib.h lua.hpp
+<DT>
+ lib:
+<DD>
+ liblua.a
+<DT>
+ man/man1:
+<DD>
+ lua.1 luac.1
+</DL>
+
+<P>
+ These are the only directories you need for development.
+ If you only want to run Lua programs,
+ you only need the files in bin and man.
+ The files in include and lib are needed for
+ embedding Lua in C or C++ programs.
+
+<H3><A NAME="customization">Customization</A></H3>
+<P>
+ Three kinds of things can be customized by editing a file:
+<UL>
+ <LI> Where and how to install Lua — edit <TT>Makefile</TT>.
+ <LI> How to build Lua — edit <TT>src/Makefile</TT>.
+ <LI> Lua features — edit <TT>src/luaconf.h</TT>.
+</UL>
+
+<P>
+ You don't actually need to edit the Makefiles because you may set the
+ relevant variables in the command line when invoking make.
+ Nevertheless, it's probably best to edit and save the Makefiles to
+ record the changes you need.
+
+<P>
+ On the other hand, if you need to customize some Lua features, you'll need
+ to edit <TT>src/luaconf.h</TT> before building and installing Lua.
+ The edited file will be the one installed, and
+ it will be used by any Lua clients that you build, to ensure consistency.
+ Further customization is available to experts by editing the Lua sources.
+
+<P>
+ We strongly recommend that you enable dynamic loading in <TT>src/luaconf.h</TT>.
+ This is done automatically for all platforms listed above that have
+ this feature and also for Windows.
+
+<H3><A NAME="other">Building Lua on other systems</A></H3>
+
+<P>
+ If you're not using the usual Unix tools, then the instructions for
+ building Lua depend on the compiler you use. You'll need to create
+ projects (or whatever your compiler uses) for building the library,
+ the interpreter, and the compiler, as follows:
+
+<DL CLASS="display">
+<DT>
+library:
+<DD>
+lapi.c lcode.c lctype.c ldebug.c ldo.c ldump.c lfunc.c lgc.c llex.c
+lmem.c lobject.c lopcodes.c lparser.c lstate.c lstring.c ltable.c
+ltm.c lundump.c lvm.c lzio.c
+lauxlib.c lbaselib.c lbitlib.c lcorolib.c ldblib.c liolib.c
+lmathlib.c loslib.c lstrlib.c ltablib.c loadlib.c linit.c
+<DT>
+interpreter:
+<DD>
+ library, lua.c
+<DT>
+compiler:
+<DD>
+ library, luac.c
+</DL>
+
+<P>
+ To use Lua as a library in your own programs you'll need to know how to
+ create and use libraries with your compiler. Moreover, to dynamically load
+ C libraries for Lua you'll need to know how to create dynamic libraries
+ and you'll need to make sure that the Lua API functions are accessible to
+ those dynamic libraries — but <EM>don't</EM> link the Lua library
+ into each dynamic library. For Unix, we recommend that the Lua library
+ be linked statically into the host program and its symbols exported for
+ dynamic linking; <TT>src/Makefile</TT> does this for the Lua interpreter.
+ For Windows, we recommend that the Lua library be a DLL.
+
+<P>
+ As mentioned above, you may edit <TT>src/luaconf.h</TT> to customize
+ some features before building Lua.
+
+<H2><A NAME="changes">Changes since Lua 5.1</A></H2>
+
+<P>
+Here are the main changes introduced in Lua 5.2.
+The
+<A HREF="contents.html">reference manual</A>
+lists the
+<A HREF="manual.html#8">incompatibilities</A> that had to be introduced.
+
+<H3>Main changes</H3>
+<UL>
+<LI> yieldable pcall and metamethods
+<LI> new lexical scheme for globals
+<LI> ephemeron tables
+<LI> new library for bitwise operations
+<LI> light C functions
+<LI> emergency garbage collector
+<LI> <CODE>goto</CODE> statement
+<LI> finalizers for tables
+</UL>
+
+Here are the other changes introduced in Lua 5.2:
+<H3>Language</H3>
+<UL>
+<LI> no more fenv for threads or functions
+<LI> tables honor the <CODE>__len</CODE> metamethod
+<LI> hex and <CODE>\z</CODE> escapes in strings
+<LI> support for hexadecimal floats
+<LI> order metamethods work for different types
+<LI> no more verification of opcode consistency
+<LI> hook event "tail return" replaced by "tail call"
+<LI> empty statement
+<LI> <CODE>break</CODE> statement may appear in the middle of a block
+</UL>
+
+<H3>Libraries</H3>
+<UL>
+<LI> arguments for function called through <CODE>xpcall</CODE>
+<LI> optional 'mode' argument to load and loadfile (to control binary x text)
+<LI> optional 'env' argument to load and loadfile (environment for loaded chunk)
+<LI> <CODE>loadlib</CODE> may load libraries with global names (RTLD_GLOBAL)
+<LI> new function <CODE>package.searchpath</CODE>
+<LI> modules receive their paths when loaded
+<LI> optional base in <CODE>math.log</CODE>
+<LI> optional separator in <CODE>string.rep</CODE>
+<LI> <CODE>file:write</CODE> returns <CODE>file</CODE>
+<LI> closing a pipe returns exit status
+<LI> <CODE>os.exit</CODE> may close state
+<LI> new metamethods <CODE>__pairs</CODE> and <CODE>__ipairs</CODE>
+<LI> new option 'isrunning' for <CODE>collectgarbage</CODE> and <CODE>lua_gc</CODE>
+<LI> frontier patterns
+<LI> <CODE>\0</CODE> in patterns
+<LI> new option <CODE>*L</CODE> for <CODE>io.read</CODE>
+<LI> options for <CODE>io.lines</CODE>
+<LI> <CODE>debug.getlocal</CODE> can access function varargs
+</UL>
+
+<H3>C API</H3>
+<UL>
+<LI> main thread predefined in the registry
+<LI> new functions
+<CODE>lua_absindex</CODE>,
+<CODE>lua_arith</CODE>,
+<CODE>lua_compare</CODE>,
+<CODE>lua_copy</CODE>,
+<CODE>lua_len</CODE>,
+<CODE>lua_rawgetp</CODE>,
+<CODE>lua_rawsetp</CODE>,
+<CODE>lua_upvalueid</CODE>,
+<CODE>lua_upvaluejoin</CODE>,
+<CODE>lua_version</CODE>.
+<LI> new functions
+<CODE>luaL_checkversion</CODE>,
+<CODE>luaL_setmetatable</CODE>,
+<CODE>luaL_testudata</CODE>,
+<CODE>luaL_tolstring</CODE>.
+<LI> <CODE>lua_pushstring</CODE> and <CODE>pushlstring</CODE> return string
+<LI> <CODE>nparams</CODE> and <CODE>isvararg</CODE> available in debug API
+<LI> new <CODE>lua_Unsigned</CODE>
+</UL>
+
+<H3>Implementation</H3>
+<UL>
+<LI> max constants per function raised to 2<SUP>26</SUP>
+<LI> generational mode for garbage collection (experimental)
+<LI> NaN trick (experimental)
+<LI> internal (immutable) version of ctypes
+<LI> simpler implementation for string buffers
+<LI> parser uses much less C-stack space (no more auto arrays)
+</UL>
+
+<H3>Lua standalone interpreter</H3>
+<UL>
+<LI> new <CODE>-E</CODE> option to avoid environment variables
+<LI> handling of non-string error messages
+</UL>
+
+<H2><A NAME="license">License</A></H2>
+<A HREF="http://www.opensource.org/docs/definition.php">
+<IMG SRC="osi-certified-72x60.png" ALIGN="right" BORDER="0" ALT="[osi certified]" STYLE="padding-left: 30px ;">
+</A>
+
+<P>
+Lua is free software distributed under the terms of the
+<A HREF="http://www.opensource.org/licenses/mit-license.html">MIT license</A>
+reproduced below;
+it may be used for any purpose, including commercial purposes,
+at absolutely no cost without having to ask us.
+
+The only requirement is that if you do use Lua,
+then you should give us credit by including the appropriate copyright notice somewhere in your product or its documentation.
+
+For details, see
+<A HREF="http://www.lua.org/license.html">this</A>.
+
+<BLOCKQUOTE STYLE="padding-bottom: 0em">
+Copyright © 1994–2011 Lua.org, PUC-Rio.
+
+<P>
+Permission is hereby granted, free of charge, to any person obtaining a copy
+of this software and associated documentation files (the "Software"), to deal
+in the Software without restriction, including without limitation the rights
+to use, copy, modify, merge, publish, distribute, sublicense, and/or sell
+copies of the Software, and to permit persons to whom the Software is
+furnished to do so, subject to the following conditions:
+
+<P>
+The above copyright notice and this permission notice shall be included in
+all copies or substantial portions of the Software.
+
+<P>
+THE SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED "AS IS", WITHOUT WARRANTY OF ANY KIND, EXPRESS OR
+IMPLIED, INCLUDING BUT NOT LIMITED TO THE WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY,
+FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE AND NONINFRINGEMENT. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE
+AUTHORS OR COPYRIGHT HOLDERS BE LIABLE FOR ANY CLAIM, DAMAGES OR OTHER
+LIABILITY, WHETHER IN AN ACTION OF CONTRACT, TORT OR OTHERWISE, ARISING FROM,
+OUT OF OR IN CONNECTION WITH THE SOFTWARE OR THE USE OR OTHER DEALINGS IN
+THE SOFTWARE.
+</BLOCKQUOTE>
+<P>
+
+<HR>
+<SMALL CLASS="footer">
+Last update:
+Wed Nov 23 16:17:22 BRST 2011
+</SMALL>
+<!--
+Last change: revised for Lua 5.2.0
+-->
+
+</BODY>
+</HTML>
--- /dev/null
+/*
+** $Id: lapi.c,v 2.159 2011/11/30 12:32:05 roberto Exp $
+** Lua API
+** See Copyright Notice in lua.h
+*/
+
+
+#include <stdarg.h>
+#include <string.h>
+
+#define lapi_c
+#define LUA_CORE
+
+#include "lua.h"
+
+#include "lapi.h"
+#include "ldebug.h"
+#include "ldo.h"
+#include "lfunc.h"
+#include "lgc.h"
+#include "lmem.h"
+#include "lobject.h"
+#include "lstate.h"
+#include "lstring.h"
+#include "ltable.h"
+#include "ltm.h"
+#include "lundump.h"
+#include "lvm.h"
+
+
+
+const char lua_ident[] =
+ "$LuaVersion: " LUA_COPYRIGHT " $"
+ "$LuaAuthors: " LUA_AUTHORS " $";
+
+
+/* value at a non-valid index */
+#define NONVALIDVALUE cast(TValue *, luaO_nilobject)
+
+/* corresponding test */
+#define isvalid(o) ((o) != luaO_nilobject)
+
+#define api_checkvalidindex(L, i) api_check(L, isvalid(i), "invalid index")
+
+
+static TValue *index2addr (lua_State *L, int idx) {
+ CallInfo *ci = L->ci;
+ if (idx > 0) {
+ TValue *o = ci->func + idx;
+ api_check(L, idx <= ci->top - (ci->func + 1), "unacceptable index");
+ if (o >= L->top) return NONVALIDVALUE;
+ else return o;
+ }
+ else if (idx > LUA_REGISTRYINDEX) {
+ api_check(L, idx != 0 && -idx <= L->top - (ci->func + 1), "invalid index");
+ return L->top + idx;
+ }
+ else if (idx == LUA_REGISTRYINDEX)
+ return &G(L)->l_registry;
+ else { /* upvalues */
+ idx = LUA_REGISTRYINDEX - idx;
+ api_check(L, idx <= MAXUPVAL + 1, "upvalue index too large");
+ if (ttislcf(ci->func)) /* light C function? */
+ return NONVALIDVALUE; /* it has no upvalues */
+ else {
+ CClosure *func = clCvalue(ci->func);
+ return (idx <= func->nupvalues) ? &func->upvalue[idx-1] : NONVALIDVALUE;
+ }
+ }
+}
+
+
+/*
+** to be called by 'lua_checkstack' in protected mode, to grow stack
+** capturing memory errors
+*/
+static void growstack (lua_State *L, void *ud) {
+ int size = *(int *)ud;
+ luaD_growstack(L, size);
+}
+
+
+LUA_API int lua_checkstack (lua_State *L, int size) {
+ int res;
+ CallInfo *ci = L->ci;
+ lua_lock(L);
+ if (L->stack_last - L->top > size) /* stack large enough? */
+ res = 1; /* yes; check is OK */
+ else { /* no; need to grow stack */
+ int inuse = cast_int(L->top - L->stack) + EXTRA_STACK;
+ if (inuse > LUAI_MAXSTACK - size) /* can grow without overflow? */
+ res = 0; /* no */
+ else /* try to grow stack */
+ res = (luaD_rawrunprotected(L, &growstack, &size) == LUA_OK);
+ }
+ if (res && ci->top < L->top + size)
+ ci->top = L->top + size; /* adjust frame top */
+ lua_unlock(L);
+ return res;
+}
+
+
+LUA_API void lua_xmove (lua_State *from, lua_State *to, int n) {
+ int i;
+ if (from == to) return;
+ lua_lock(to);
+ api_checknelems(from, n);
+ api_check(from, G(from) == G(to), "moving among independent states");
+ api_check(from, to->ci->top - to->top >= n, "not enough elements to move");
+ from->top -= n;
+ for (i = 0; i < n; i++) {
+ setobj2s(to, to->top++, from->top + i);
+ }
+ lua_unlock(to);
+}
+
+
+LUA_API lua_CFunction lua_atpanic (lua_State *L, lua_CFunction panicf) {
+ lua_CFunction old;
+ lua_lock(L);
+ old = G(L)->panic;
+ G(L)->panic = panicf;
+ lua_unlock(L);
+ return old;
+}
+
+
+LUA_API const lua_Number *lua_version (lua_State *L) {
+ static const lua_Number version = LUA_VERSION_NUM;
+ if (L == NULL) return &version;
+ else return G(L)->version;
+}
+
+
+
+/*
+** basic stack manipulation
+*/
+
+
+/*
+** convert an acceptable stack index into an absolute index
+*/
+LUA_API int lua_absindex (lua_State *L, int idx) {
+ return (idx > 0 || idx <= LUA_REGISTRYINDEX)
+ ? idx
+ : cast_int(L->top - L->ci->func + idx);
+}
+
+
+LUA_API int lua_gettop (lua_State *L) {
+ return cast_int(L->top - (L->ci->func + 1));
+}
+
+
+LUA_API void lua_settop (lua_State *L, int idx) {
+ StkId func = L->ci->func;
+ lua_lock(L);
+ if (idx >= 0) {
+ api_check(L, idx <= L->stack_last - (func + 1), "new top too large");
+ while (L->top < (func + 1) + idx)
+ setnilvalue(L->top++);
+ L->top = (func + 1) + idx;
+ }
+ else {
+ api_check(L, -(idx+1) <= (L->top - (func + 1)), "invalid new top");
+ L->top += idx+1; /* `subtract' index (index is negative) */
+ }
+ lua_unlock(L);
+}
+
+
+LUA_API void lua_remove (lua_State *L, int idx) {
+ StkId p;
+ lua_lock(L);
+ p = index2addr(L, idx);
+ api_checkvalidindex(L, p);
+ while (++p < L->top) setobjs2s(L, p-1, p);
+ L->top--;
+ lua_unlock(L);
+}
+
+
+LUA_API void lua_insert (lua_State *L, int idx) {
+ StkId p;
+ StkId q;
+ lua_lock(L);
+ p = index2addr(L, idx);
+ api_checkvalidindex(L, p);
+ for (q = L->top; q>p; q--) setobjs2s(L, q, q-1);
+ setobjs2s(L, p, L->top);
+ lua_unlock(L);
+}
+
+
+static void moveto (lua_State *L, TValue *fr, int idx) {
+ TValue *to = index2addr(L, idx);
+ api_checkvalidindex(L, to);
+ setobj(L, to, fr);
+ if (idx < LUA_REGISTRYINDEX) /* function upvalue? */
+ luaC_barrier(L, clCvalue(L->ci->func), fr);
+ /* LUA_REGISTRYINDEX does not need gc barrier
+ (collector revisits it before finishing collection) */
+}
+
+
+LUA_API void lua_replace (lua_State *L, int idx) {
+ lua_lock(L);
+ api_checknelems(L, 1);
+ moveto(L, L->top - 1, idx);
+ L->top--;
+ lua_unlock(L);
+}
+
+
+LUA_API void lua_copy (lua_State *L, int fromidx, int toidx) {
+ TValue *fr;
+ lua_lock(L);
+ fr = index2addr(L, fromidx);
+ api_checkvalidindex(L, fr);
+ moveto(L, fr, toidx);
+ lua_unlock(L);
+}
+
+
+LUA_API void lua_pushvalue (lua_State *L, int idx) {
+ lua_lock(L);
+ setobj2s(L, L->top, index2addr(L, idx));
+ api_incr_top(L);
+ lua_unlock(L);
+}
+
+
+
+/*
+** access functions (stack -> C)
+*/
+
+
+LUA_API int lua_type (lua_State *L, int idx) {
+ StkId o = index2addr(L, idx);
+ return (isvalid(o) ? ttypenv(o) : LUA_TNONE);
+}
+
+
+LUA_API const char *lua_typename (lua_State *L, int t) {
+ UNUSED(L);
+ return ttypename(t);
+}
+
+
+LUA_API int lua_iscfunction (lua_State *L, int idx) {
+ StkId o = index2addr(L, idx);
+ return (ttislcf(o) || (ttisCclosure(o)));
+}
+
+
+LUA_API int lua_isnumber (lua_State *L, int idx) {
+ TValue n;
+ const TValue *o = index2addr(L, idx);
+ return tonumber(o, &n);
+}
+
+
+LUA_API int lua_isstring (lua_State *L, int idx) {
+ int t = lua_type(L, idx);
+ return (t == LUA_TSTRING || t == LUA_TNUMBER);
+}
+
+
+LUA_API int lua_isuserdata (lua_State *L, int idx) {
+ const TValue *o = index2addr(L, idx);
+ return (ttisuserdata(o) || ttislightuserdata(o));
+}
+
+
+LUA_API int lua_rawequal (lua_State *L, int index1, int index2) {
+ StkId o1 = index2addr(L, index1);
+ StkId o2 = index2addr(L, index2);
+ return (isvalid(o1) && isvalid(o2)) ? luaV_rawequalobj(o1, o2) : 0;
+}
+
+
+LUA_API void lua_arith (lua_State *L, int op) {
+ StkId o1; /* 1st operand */
+ StkId o2; /* 2nd operand */
+ lua_lock(L);
+ if (op != LUA_OPUNM) /* all other operations expect two operands */
+ api_checknelems(L, 2);
+ else { /* for unary minus, add fake 2nd operand */
+ api_checknelems(L, 1);
+ setobjs2s(L, L->top, L->top - 1);
+ L->top++;
+ }
+ o1 = L->top - 2;
+ o2 = L->top - 1;
+ if (ttisnumber(o1) && ttisnumber(o2)) {
+ changenvalue(o1, luaO_arith(op, nvalue(o1), nvalue(o2)));
+ }
+ else
+ luaV_arith(L, o1, o1, o2, cast(TMS, op - LUA_OPADD + TM_ADD));
+ L->top--;
+ lua_unlock(L);
+}
+
+
+LUA_API int lua_compare (lua_State *L, int index1, int index2, int op) {
+ StkId o1, o2;
+ int i = 0;
+ lua_lock(L); /* may call tag method */
+ o1 = index2addr(L, index1);
+ o2 = index2addr(L, index2);
+ if (isvalid(o1) && isvalid(o2)) {
+ switch (op) {
+ case LUA_OPEQ: i = equalobj(L, o1, o2); break;
+ case LUA_OPLT: i = luaV_lessthan(L, o1, o2); break;
+ case LUA_OPLE: i = luaV_lessequal(L, o1, o2); break;
+ default: api_check(L, 0, "invalid option");
+ }
+ }
+ lua_unlock(L);
+ return i;
+}
+
+
+LUA_API lua_Number lua_tonumberx (lua_State *L, int idx, int *isnum) {
+ TValue n;
+ const TValue *o = index2addr(L, idx);
+ if (tonumber(o, &n)) {
+ if (isnum) *isnum = 1;
+ return nvalue(o);
+ }
+ else {
+ if (isnum) *isnum = 0;
+ return 0;
+ }
+}
+
+
+LUA_API lua_Integer lua_tointegerx (lua_State *L, int idx, int *isnum) {
+ TValue n;
+ const TValue *o = index2addr(L, idx);
+ if (tonumber(o, &n)) {
+ lua_Integer res;
+ lua_Number num = nvalue(o);
+ lua_number2integer(res, num);
+ if (isnum) *isnum = 1;
+ return res;
+ }
+ else {
+ if (isnum) *isnum = 0;
+ return 0;
+ }
+}
+
+
+LUA_API lua_Unsigned lua_tounsignedx (lua_State *L, int idx, int *isnum) {
+ TValue n;
+ const TValue *o = index2addr(L, idx);
+ if (tonumber(o, &n)) {
+ lua_Unsigned res;
+ lua_Number num = nvalue(o);
+ lua_number2unsigned(res, num);
+ if (isnum) *isnum = 1;
+ return res;
+ }
+ else {
+ if (isnum) *isnum = 0;
+ return 0;
+ }
+}
+
+
+LUA_API int lua_toboolean (lua_State *L, int idx) {
+ const TValue *o = index2addr(L, idx);
+ return !l_isfalse(o);
+}
+
+
+LUA_API const char *lua_tolstring (lua_State *L, int idx, size_t *len) {
+ StkId o = index2addr(L, idx);
+ if (!ttisstring(o)) {
+ lua_lock(L); /* `luaV_tostring' may create a new string */
+ if (!luaV_tostring(L, o)) { /* conversion failed? */
+ if (len != NULL) *len = 0;
+ lua_unlock(L);
+ return NULL;
+ }
+ luaC_checkGC(L);
+ o = index2addr(L, idx); /* previous call may reallocate the stack */
+ lua_unlock(L);
+ }
+ if (len != NULL) *len = tsvalue(o)->len;
+ return svalue(o);
+}
+
+
+LUA_API size_t lua_rawlen (lua_State *L, int idx) {
+ StkId o = index2addr(L, idx);
+ switch (ttypenv(o)) {
+ case LUA_TSTRING: return tsvalue(o)->len;
+ case LUA_TUSERDATA: return uvalue(o)->len;
+ case LUA_TTABLE: return luaH_getn(hvalue(o));
+ default: return 0;
+ }
+}
+
+
+LUA_API lua_CFunction lua_tocfunction (lua_State *L, int idx) {
+ StkId o = index2addr(L, idx);
+ if (ttislcf(o)) return fvalue(o);
+ else if (ttisCclosure(o))
+ return clCvalue(o)->f;
+ else return NULL; /* not a C function */
+}
+
+
+LUA_API void *lua_touserdata (lua_State *L, int idx) {
+ StkId o = index2addr(L, idx);
+ switch (ttypenv(o)) {
+ case LUA_TUSERDATA: return (rawuvalue(o) + 1);
+ case LUA_TLIGHTUSERDATA: return pvalue(o);
+ default: return NULL;
+ }
+}
+
+
+LUA_API lua_State *lua_tothread (lua_State *L, int idx) {
+ StkId o = index2addr(L, idx);
+ return (!ttisthread(o)) ? NULL : thvalue(o);
+}
+
+
+LUA_API const void *lua_topointer (lua_State *L, int idx) {
+ StkId o = index2addr(L, idx);
+ switch (ttype(o)) {
+ case LUA_TTABLE: return hvalue(o);
+ case LUA_TLCL: return clLvalue(o);
+ case LUA_TCCL: return clCvalue(o);
+ case LUA_TLCF: return cast(void *, cast(size_t, fvalue(o)));
+ case LUA_TTHREAD: return thvalue(o);
+ case LUA_TUSERDATA:
+ case LUA_TLIGHTUSERDATA:
+ return lua_touserdata(L, idx);
+ default: return NULL;
+ }
+}
+
+
+
+/*
+** push functions (C -> stack)
+*/
+
+
+LUA_API void lua_pushnil (lua_State *L) {
+ lua_lock(L);
+ setnilvalue(L->top);
+ api_incr_top(L);
+ lua_unlock(L);
+}
+
+
+LUA_API void lua_pushnumber (lua_State *L, lua_Number n) {
+ lua_lock(L);
+ setnvalue(L->top, n);
+ luai_checknum(L, L->top,
+ luaG_runerror(L, "C API - attempt to push a signaling NaN"));
+ api_incr_top(L);
+ lua_unlock(L);
+}
+
+
+LUA_API void lua_pushinteger (lua_State *L, lua_Integer n) {
+ lua_lock(L);
+ setnvalue(L->top, cast_num(n));
+ api_incr_top(L);
+ lua_unlock(L);
+}
+
+
+LUA_API void lua_pushunsigned (lua_State *L, lua_Unsigned u) {
+ lua_Number n;
+ lua_lock(L);
+ n = lua_unsigned2number(u);
+ setnvalue(L->top, n);
+ api_incr_top(L);
+ lua_unlock(L);
+}
+
+
+LUA_API const char *lua_pushlstring (lua_State *L, const char *s, size_t len) {
+ TString *ts;
+ lua_lock(L);
+ luaC_checkGC(L);
+ ts = luaS_newlstr(L, s, len);
+ setsvalue2s(L, L->top, ts);
+ api_incr_top(L);
+ lua_unlock(L);
+ return getstr(ts);
+}
+
+
+LUA_API const char *lua_pushstring (lua_State *L, const char *s) {
+ if (s == NULL) {
+ lua_pushnil(L);
+ return NULL;
+ }
+ else {
+ TString *ts;
+ lua_lock(L);
+ luaC_checkGC(L);
+ ts = luaS_new(L, s);
+ setsvalue2s(L, L->top, ts);
+ api_incr_top(L);
+ lua_unlock(L);
+ return getstr(ts);
+ }
+}
+
+
+LUA_API const char *lua_pushvfstring (lua_State *L, const char *fmt,
+ va_list argp) {
+ const char *ret;
+ lua_lock(L);
+ luaC_checkGC(L);
+ ret = luaO_pushvfstring(L, fmt, argp);
+ lua_unlock(L);
+ return ret;
+}
+
+
+LUA_API const char *lua_pushfstring (lua_State *L, const char *fmt, ...) {
+ const char *ret;
+ va_list argp;
+ lua_lock(L);
+ luaC_checkGC(L);
+ va_start(argp, fmt);
+ ret = luaO_pushvfstring(L, fmt, argp);
+ va_end(argp);
+ lua_unlock(L);
+ return ret;
+}
+
+
+LUA_API void lua_pushcclosure (lua_State *L, lua_CFunction fn, int n) {
+ lua_lock(L);
+ if (n == 0) {
+ setfvalue(L->top, fn);
+ }
+ else {
+ Closure *cl;
+ api_checknelems(L, n);
+ api_check(L, n <= MAXUPVAL, "upvalue index too large");
+ luaC_checkGC(L);
+ cl = luaF_newCclosure(L, n);
+ cl->c.f = fn;
+ L->top -= n;
+ while (n--)
+ setobj2n(L, &cl->c.upvalue[n], L->top + n);
+ setclCvalue(L, L->top, cl);
+ }
+ api_incr_top(L);
+ lua_unlock(L);
+}
+
+
+LUA_API void lua_pushboolean (lua_State *L, int b) {
+ lua_lock(L);
+ setbvalue(L->top, (b != 0)); /* ensure that true is 1 */
+ api_incr_top(L);
+ lua_unlock(L);
+}
+
+
+LUA_API void lua_pushlightuserdata (lua_State *L, void *p) {
+ lua_lock(L);
+ setpvalue(L->top, p);
+ api_incr_top(L);
+ lua_unlock(L);
+}
+
+
+LUA_API int lua_pushthread (lua_State *L) {
+ lua_lock(L);
+ setthvalue(L, L->top, L);
+ api_incr_top(L);
+ lua_unlock(L);
+ return (G(L)->mainthread == L);
+}
+
+
+
+/*
+** get functions (Lua -> stack)
+*/
+
+
+LUA_API void lua_getglobal (lua_State *L, const char *var) {
+ Table *reg = hvalue(&G(L)->l_registry);
+ const TValue *gt; /* global table */
+ lua_lock(L);
+ gt = luaH_getint(reg, LUA_RIDX_GLOBALS);
+ setsvalue2s(L, L->top++, luaS_new(L, var));
+ luaV_gettable(L, gt, L->top - 1, L->top - 1);
+ lua_unlock(L);
+}
+
+
+LUA_API void lua_gettable (lua_State *L, int idx) {
+ StkId t;
+ lua_lock(L);
+ t = index2addr(L, idx);
+ api_checkvalidindex(L, t);
+ luaV_gettable(L, t, L->top - 1, L->top - 1);
+ lua_unlock(L);
+}
+
+
+LUA_API void lua_getfield (lua_State *L, int idx, const char *k) {
+ StkId t;
+ lua_lock(L);
+ t = index2addr(L, idx);
+ api_checkvalidindex(L, t);
+ setsvalue2s(L, L->top, luaS_new(L, k));
+ api_incr_top(L);
+ luaV_gettable(L, t, L->top - 1, L->top - 1);
+ lua_unlock(L);
+}
+
+
+LUA_API void lua_rawget (lua_State *L, int idx) {
+ StkId t;
+ lua_lock(L);
+ t = index2addr(L, idx);
+ api_check(L, ttistable(t), "table expected");
+ setobj2s(L, L->top - 1, luaH_get(hvalue(t), L->top - 1));
+ lua_unlock(L);
+}
+
+
+LUA_API void lua_rawgeti (lua_State *L, int idx, int n) {
+ StkId t;
+ lua_lock(L);
+ t = index2addr(L, idx);
+ api_check(L, ttistable(t), "table expected");
+ setobj2s(L, L->top, luaH_getint(hvalue(t), n));
+ api_incr_top(L);
+ lua_unlock(L);
+}
+
+
+LUA_API void lua_rawgetp (lua_State *L, int idx, const void *p) {
+ StkId t;
+ TValue k;
+ lua_lock(L);
+ t = index2addr(L, idx);
+ api_check(L, ttistable(t), "table expected");
+ setpvalue(&k, cast(void *, p));
+ setobj2s(L, L->top, luaH_get(hvalue(t), &k));
+ api_incr_top(L);
+ lua_unlock(L);
+}
+
+
+LUA_API void lua_createtable (lua_State *L, int narray, int nrec) {
+ Table *t;
+ lua_lock(L);
+ luaC_checkGC(L);
+ t = luaH_new(L);
+ sethvalue(L, L->top, t);
+ api_incr_top(L);
+ if (narray > 0 || nrec > 0)
+ luaH_resize(L, t, narray, nrec);
+ lua_unlock(L);
+}
+
+
+LUA_API int lua_getmetatable (lua_State *L, int objindex) {
+ const TValue *obj;
+ Table *mt = NULL;
+ int res;
+ lua_lock(L);
+ obj = index2addr(L, objindex);
+ switch (ttypenv(obj)) {
+ case LUA_TTABLE:
+ mt = hvalue(obj)->metatable;
+ break;
+ case LUA_TUSERDATA:
+ mt = uvalue(obj)->metatable;
+ break;
+ default:
+ mt = G(L)->mt[ttypenv(obj)];
+ break;
+ }
+ if (mt == NULL)
+ res = 0;
+ else {
+ sethvalue(L, L->top, mt);
+ api_incr_top(L);
+ res = 1;
+ }
+ lua_unlock(L);
+ return res;
+}
+
+
+LUA_API void lua_getuservalue (lua_State *L, int idx) {
+ StkId o;
+ lua_lock(L);
+ o = index2addr(L, idx);
+ api_checkvalidindex(L, o);
+ api_check(L, ttisuserdata(o), "userdata expected");
+ if (uvalue(o)->env) {
+ sethvalue(L, L->top, uvalue(o)->env);
+ } else
+ setnilvalue(L->top);
+ api_incr_top(L);
+ lua_unlock(L);
+}
+
+
+/*
+** set functions (stack -> Lua)
+*/
+
+
+LUA_API void lua_setglobal (lua_State *L, const char *var) {
+ Table *reg = hvalue(&G(L)->l_registry);
+ const TValue *gt; /* global table */
+ lua_lock(L);
+ api_checknelems(L, 1);
+ gt = luaH_getint(reg, LUA_RIDX_GLOBALS);
+ setsvalue2s(L, L->top++, luaS_new(L, var));
+ luaV_settable(L, gt, L->top - 1, L->top - 2);
+ L->top -= 2; /* pop value and key */
+ lua_unlock(L);
+}
+
+
+LUA_API void lua_settable (lua_State *L, int idx) {
+ StkId t;
+ lua_lock(L);
+ api_checknelems(L, 2);
+ t = index2addr(L, idx);
+ api_checkvalidindex(L, t);
+ luaV_settable(L, t, L->top - 2, L->top - 1);
+ L->top -= 2; /* pop index and value */
+ lua_unlock(L);
+}
+
+
+LUA_API void lua_setfield (lua_State *L, int idx, const char *k) {
+ StkId t;
+ lua_lock(L);
+ api_checknelems(L, 1);
+ t = index2addr(L, idx);
+ api_checkvalidindex(L, t);
+ setsvalue2s(L, L->top++, luaS_new(L, k));
+ luaV_settable(L, t, L->top - 1, L->top - 2);
+ L->top -= 2; /* pop value and key */
+ lua_unlock(L);
+}
+
+
+LUA_API void lua_rawset (lua_State *L, int idx) {
+ StkId t;
+ lua_lock(L);
+ api_checknelems(L, 2);
+ t = index2addr(L, idx);
+ api_check(L, ttistable(t), "table expected");
+ setobj2t(L, luaH_set(L, hvalue(t), L->top-2), L->top-1);
+ invalidateTMcache(hvalue(t));
+ luaC_barrierback(L, gcvalue(t), L->top-1);
+ L->top -= 2;
+ lua_unlock(L);
+}
+
+
+LUA_API void lua_rawseti (lua_State *L, int idx, int n) {
+ StkId t;
+ lua_lock(L);
+ api_checknelems(L, 1);
+ t = index2addr(L, idx);
+ api_check(L, ttistable(t), "table expected");
+ luaH_setint(L, hvalue(t), n, L->top - 1);
+ luaC_barrierback(L, gcvalue(t), L->top-1);
+ L->top--;
+ lua_unlock(L);
+}
+
+
+LUA_API void lua_rawsetp (lua_State *L, int idx, const void *p) {
+ StkId t;
+ TValue k;
+ lua_lock(L);
+ api_checknelems(L, 1);
+ t = index2addr(L, idx);
+ api_check(L, ttistable(t), "table expected");
+ setpvalue(&k, cast(void *, p));
+ setobj2t(L, luaH_set(L, hvalue(t), &k), L->top - 1);
+ luaC_barrierback(L, gcvalue(t), L->top - 1);
+ L->top--;
+ lua_unlock(L);
+}
+
+
+LUA_API int lua_setmetatable (lua_State *L, int objindex) {
+ TValue *obj;
+ Table *mt;
+ lua_lock(L);
+ api_checknelems(L, 1);
+ obj = index2addr(L, objindex);
+ api_checkvalidindex(L, obj);
+ if (ttisnil(L->top - 1))
+ mt = NULL;
+ else {
+ api_check(L, ttistable(L->top - 1), "table expected");
+ mt = hvalue(L->top - 1);
+ }
+ switch (ttypenv(obj)) {
+ case LUA_TTABLE: {
+ hvalue(obj)->metatable = mt;
+ if (mt)
+ luaC_objbarrierback(L, gcvalue(obj), mt);
+ luaC_checkfinalizer(L, gcvalue(obj), mt);
+ break;
+ }
+ case LUA_TUSERDATA: {
+ uvalue(obj)->metatable = mt;
+ if (mt) {
+ luaC_objbarrier(L, rawuvalue(obj), mt);
+ luaC_checkfinalizer(L, gcvalue(obj), mt);
+ }
+ break;
+ }
+ default: {
+ G(L)->mt[ttypenv(obj)] = mt;
+ break;
+ }
+ }
+ L->top--;
+ lua_unlock(L);
+ return 1;
+}
+
+
+LUA_API void lua_setuservalue (lua_State *L, int idx) {
+ StkId o;
+ lua_lock(L);
+ api_checknelems(L, 1);
+ o = index2addr(L, idx);
+ api_checkvalidindex(L, o);
+ api_check(L, ttisuserdata(o), "userdata expected");
+ if (ttisnil(L->top - 1))
+ uvalue(o)->env = NULL;
+ else {
+ api_check(L, ttistable(L->top - 1), "table expected");
+ uvalue(o)->env = hvalue(L->top - 1);
+ luaC_objbarrier(L, gcvalue(o), hvalue(L->top - 1));
+ }
+ L->top--;
+ lua_unlock(L);
+}
+
+
+/*
+** `load' and `call' functions (run Lua code)
+*/
+
+
+#define checkresults(L,na,nr) \
+ api_check(L, (nr) == LUA_MULTRET || (L->ci->top - L->top >= (nr) - (na)), \
+ "results from function overflow current stack size")
+
+
+LUA_API int lua_getctx (lua_State *L, int *ctx) {
+ if (L->ci->callstatus & CIST_YIELDED) {
+ if (ctx) *ctx = L->ci->u.c.ctx;
+ return L->ci->u.c.status;
+ }
+ else return LUA_OK;
+}
+
+
+LUA_API void lua_callk (lua_State *L, int nargs, int nresults, int ctx,
+ lua_CFunction k) {
+ StkId func;
+ lua_lock(L);
+ api_check(L, k == NULL || !isLua(L->ci),
+ "cannot use continuations inside hooks");
+ api_checknelems(L, nargs+1);
+ api_check(L, L->status == LUA_OK, "cannot do calls on non-normal thread");
+ checkresults(L, nargs, nresults);
+ func = L->top - (nargs+1);
+ if (k != NULL && L->nny == 0) { /* need to prepare continuation? */
+ L->ci->u.c.k = k; /* save continuation */
+ L->ci->u.c.ctx = ctx; /* save context */
+ luaD_call(L, func, nresults, 1); /* do the call */
+ }
+ else /* no continuation or no yieldable */
+ luaD_call(L, func, nresults, 0); /* just do the call */
+ adjustresults(L, nresults);
+ lua_unlock(L);
+}
+
+
+
+/*
+** Execute a protected call.
+*/
+struct CallS { /* data to `f_call' */
+ StkId func;
+ int nresults;
+};
+
+
+static void f_call (lua_State *L, void *ud) {
+ struct CallS *c = cast(struct CallS *, ud);
+ luaD_call(L, c->func, c->nresults, 0);
+}
+
+
+
+LUA_API int lua_pcallk (lua_State *L, int nargs, int nresults, int errfunc,
+ int ctx, lua_CFunction k) {
+ struct CallS c;
+ int status;
+ ptrdiff_t func;
+ lua_lock(L);
+ api_check(L, k == NULL || !isLua(L->ci),
+ "cannot use continuations inside hooks");
+ api_checknelems(L, nargs+1);
+ api_check(L, L->status == LUA_OK, "cannot do calls on non-normal thread");
+ checkresults(L, nargs, nresults);
+ if (errfunc == 0)
+ func = 0;
+ else {
+ StkId o = index2addr(L, errfunc);
+ api_checkvalidindex(L, o);
+ func = savestack(L, o);
+ }
+ c.func = L->top - (nargs+1); /* function to be called */
+ if (k == NULL || L->nny > 0) { /* no continuation or no yieldable? */
+ c.nresults = nresults; /* do a 'conventional' protected call */
+ status = luaD_pcall(L, f_call, &c, savestack(L, c.func), func);
+ }
+ else { /* prepare continuation (call is already protected by 'resume') */
+ CallInfo *ci = L->ci;
+ ci->u.c.k = k; /* save continuation */
+ ci->u.c.ctx = ctx; /* save context */
+ /* save information for error recovery */
+ ci->u.c.extra = savestack(L, c.func);
+ ci->u.c.old_allowhook = L->allowhook;
+ ci->u.c.old_errfunc = L->errfunc;
+ L->errfunc = func;
+ /* mark that function may do error recovery */
+ ci->callstatus |= CIST_YPCALL;
+ luaD_call(L, c.func, nresults, 1); /* do the call */
+ ci->callstatus &= ~CIST_YPCALL;
+ L->errfunc = ci->u.c.old_errfunc;
+ status = LUA_OK; /* if it is here, there were no errors */
+ }
+ adjustresults(L, nresults);
+ lua_unlock(L);
+ return status;
+}
+
+
+LUA_API int lua_load (lua_State *L, lua_Reader reader, void *data,
+ const char *chunkname, const char *mode) {
+ ZIO z;
+ int status;
+ lua_lock(L);
+ if (!chunkname) chunkname = "?";
+ luaZ_init(L, &z, reader, data);
+ status = luaD_protectedparser(L, &z, chunkname, mode);
+ if (status == LUA_OK) { /* no errors? */
+ LClosure *f = clLvalue(L->top - 1); /* get newly created function */
+ if (f->nupvalues == 1) { /* does it have one upvalue? */
+ /* get global table from registry */
+ Table *reg = hvalue(&G(L)->l_registry);
+ const TValue *gt = luaH_getint(reg, LUA_RIDX_GLOBALS);
+ /* set global table as 1st upvalue of 'f' (may be LUA_ENV) */
+ setobj(L, f->upvals[0]->v, gt);
+ luaC_barrier(L, f->upvals[0], gt);
+ }
+ }
+ lua_unlock(L);
+ return status;
+}
+
+
+LUA_API int lua_dump (lua_State *L, lua_Writer writer, void *data) {
+ int status;
+ TValue *o;
+ lua_lock(L);
+ api_checknelems(L, 1);
+ o = L->top - 1;
+ if (isLfunction(o))
+ status = luaU_dump(L, getproto(o), writer, data, 0);
+ else
+ status = 1;
+ lua_unlock(L);
+ return status;
+}
+
+
+LUA_API int lua_status (lua_State *L) {
+ return L->status;
+}
+
+
+/*
+** Garbage-collection function
+*/
+
+LUA_API int lua_gc (lua_State *L, int what, int data) {
+ int res = 0;
+ global_State *g;
+ lua_lock(L);
+ g = G(L);
+ switch (what) {
+ case LUA_GCSTOP: {
+ g->gcrunning = 0;
+ break;
+ }
+ case LUA_GCRESTART: {
+ luaE_setdebt(g, 0);
+ g->gcrunning = 1;
+ break;
+ }
+ case LUA_GCCOLLECT: {
+ luaC_fullgc(L, 0);
+ break;
+ }
+ case LUA_GCCOUNT: {
+ /* GC values are expressed in Kbytes: #bytes/2^10 */
+ res = cast_int(gettotalbytes(g) >> 10);
+ break;
+ }
+ case LUA_GCCOUNTB: {
+ res = cast_int(gettotalbytes(g) & 0x3ff);
+ break;
+ }
+ case LUA_GCSTEP: {
+ if (g->gckind == KGC_GEN) { /* generational mode? */
+ res = (g->lastmajormem == 0); /* 1 if will do major collection */
+ luaC_forcestep(L); /* do a single step */
+ }
+ else {
+ while (data-- >= 0) {
+ luaC_forcestep(L);
+ if (g->gcstate == GCSpause) { /* end of cycle? */
+ res = 1; /* signal it */
+ break;
+ }
+ }
+ }
+ break;
+ }
+ case LUA_GCSETPAUSE: {
+ res = g->gcpause;
+ g->gcpause = data;
+ break;
+ }
+ case LUA_GCSETMAJORINC: {
+ res = g->gcmajorinc;
+ g->gcmajorinc = data;
+ break;
+ }
+ case LUA_GCSETSTEPMUL: {
+ res = g->gcstepmul;
+ g->gcstepmul = data;
+ break;
+ }
+ case LUA_GCISRUNNING: {
+ res = g->gcrunning;
+ break;
+ }
+ case LUA_GCGEN: { /* change collector to generational mode */
+ luaC_changemode(L, KGC_GEN);
+ break;
+ }
+ case LUA_GCINC: { /* change collector to incremental mode */
+ luaC_changemode(L, KGC_NORMAL);
+ break;
+ }
+ default: res = -1; /* invalid option */
+ }
+ lua_unlock(L);
+ return res;
+}
+
+
+
+/*
+** miscellaneous functions
+*/
+
+
+LUA_API int lua_error (lua_State *L) {
+ lua_lock(L);
+ api_checknelems(L, 1);
+ luaG_errormsg(L);
+ lua_unlock(L);
+ return 0; /* to avoid warnings */
+}
+
+
+LUA_API int lua_next (lua_State *L, int idx) {
+ StkId t;
+ int more;
+ lua_lock(L);
+ t = index2addr(L, idx);
+ api_check(L, ttistable(t), "table expected");
+ more = luaH_next(L, hvalue(t), L->top - 1);
+ if (more) {
+ api_incr_top(L);
+ }
+ else /* no more elements */
+ L->top -= 1; /* remove key */
+ lua_unlock(L);
+ return more;
+}
+
+
+LUA_API void lua_concat (lua_State *L, int n) {
+ lua_lock(L);
+ api_checknelems(L, n);
+ if (n >= 2) {
+ luaC_checkGC(L);
+ luaV_concat(L, n);
+ }
+ else if (n == 0) { /* push empty string */
+ setsvalue2s(L, L->top, luaS_newlstr(L, "", 0));
+ api_incr_top(L);
+ }
+ /* else n == 1; nothing to do */
+ lua_unlock(L);
+}
+
+
+LUA_API void lua_len (lua_State *L, int idx) {
+ StkId t;
+ lua_lock(L);
+ t = index2addr(L, idx);
+ luaV_objlen(L, L->top, t);
+ api_incr_top(L);
+ lua_unlock(L);
+}
+
+
+LUA_API lua_Alloc lua_getallocf (lua_State *L, void **ud) {
+ lua_Alloc f;
+ lua_lock(L);
+ if (ud) *ud = G(L)->ud;
+ f = G(L)->frealloc;
+ lua_unlock(L);
+ return f;
+}
+
+
+LUA_API void lua_setallocf (lua_State *L, lua_Alloc f, void *ud) {
+ lua_lock(L);
+ G(L)->ud = ud;
+ G(L)->frealloc = f;
+ lua_unlock(L);
+}
+
+
+LUA_API void *lua_newuserdata (lua_State *L, size_t size) {
+ Udata *u;
+ lua_lock(L);
+ luaC_checkGC(L);
+ u = luaS_newudata(L, size, NULL);
+ setuvalue(L, L->top, u);
+ api_incr_top(L);
+ lua_unlock(L);
+ return u + 1;
+}
+
+
+
+static const char *aux_upvalue (StkId fi, int n, TValue **val,
+ GCObject **owner) {
+ switch (ttype(fi)) {
+ case LUA_TCCL: { /* C closure */
+ CClosure *f = clCvalue(fi);
+ if (!(1 <= n && n <= f->nupvalues)) return NULL;
+ *val = &f->upvalue[n-1];
+ if (owner) *owner = obj2gco(f);
+ return "";
+ }
+ case LUA_TLCL: { /* Lua closure */
+ LClosure *f = clLvalue(fi);
+ TString *name;
+ Proto *p = f->p;
+ if (!(1 <= n && n <= p->sizeupvalues)) return NULL;
+ *val = f->upvals[n-1]->v;
+ if (owner) *owner = obj2gco(f->upvals[n - 1]);
+ name = p->upvalues[n-1].name;
+ return (name == NULL) ? "" : getstr(name);
+ }
+ default: return NULL; /* not a closure */
+ }
+}
+
+
+LUA_API const char *lua_getupvalue (lua_State *L, int funcindex, int n) {
+ const char *name;
+ TValue *val = NULL; /* to avoid warnings */
+ lua_lock(L);
+ name = aux_upvalue(index2addr(L, funcindex), n, &val, NULL);
+ if (name) {
+ setobj2s(L, L->top, val);
+ api_incr_top(L);
+ }
+ lua_unlock(L);
+ return name;
+}
+
+
+LUA_API const char *lua_setupvalue (lua_State *L, int funcindex, int n) {
+ const char *name;
+ TValue *val = NULL; /* to avoid warnings */
+ GCObject *owner = NULL; /* to avoid warnings */
+ StkId fi;
+ lua_lock(L);
+ fi = index2addr(L, funcindex);
+ api_checknelems(L, 1);
+ name = aux_upvalue(fi, n, &val, &owner);
+ if (name) {
+ L->top--;
+ setobj(L, val, L->top);
+ luaC_barrier(L, owner, L->top);
+ }
+ lua_unlock(L);
+ return name;
+}
+
+
+static UpVal **getupvalref (lua_State *L, int fidx, int n, LClosure **pf) {
+ LClosure *f;
+ StkId fi = index2addr(L, fidx);
+ api_check(L, ttisLclosure(fi), "Lua function expected");
+ f = clLvalue(fi);
+ api_check(L, (1 <= n && n <= f->p->sizeupvalues), "invalid upvalue index");
+ if (pf) *pf = f;
+ return &f->upvals[n - 1]; /* get its upvalue pointer */
+}
+
+
+LUA_API void *lua_upvalueid (lua_State *L, int fidx, int n) {
+ StkId fi = index2addr(L, fidx);
+ switch (ttype(fi)) {
+ case LUA_TLCL: { /* lua closure */
+ return *getupvalref(L, fidx, n, NULL);
+ }
+ case LUA_TCCL: { /* C closure */
+ CClosure *f = clCvalue(fi);
+ api_check(L, 1 <= n && n <= f->nupvalues, "invalid upvalue index");
+ return &f->upvalue[n - 1];
+ }
+ default: {
+ api_check(L, 0, "closure expected");
+ return NULL;
+ }
+ }
+}
+
+
+LUA_API void lua_upvaluejoin (lua_State *L, int fidx1, int n1,
+ int fidx2, int n2) {
+ LClosure *f1;
+ UpVal **up1 = getupvalref(L, fidx1, n1, &f1);
+ UpVal **up2 = getupvalref(L, fidx2, n2, NULL);
+ *up1 = *up2;
+ luaC_objbarrier(L, f1, *up2);
+}
+
--- /dev/null
+/*
+** $Id: lapi.h,v 2.7 2009/11/27 15:37:59 roberto Exp $
+** Auxiliary functions from Lua API
+** See Copyright Notice in lua.h
+*/
+
+#ifndef lapi_h
+#define lapi_h
+
+
+#include "llimits.h"
+#include "lstate.h"
+
+#define api_incr_top(L) {L->top++; api_check(L, L->top <= L->ci->top, \
+ "stack overflow");}
+
+#define adjustresults(L,nres) \
+ { if ((nres) == LUA_MULTRET && L->ci->top < L->top) L->ci->top = L->top; }
+
+#define api_checknelems(L,n) api_check(L, (n) < (L->top - L->ci->func), \
+ "not enough elements in the stack")
+
+
+#endif
--- /dev/null
+/*
+** $Id: lauxlib.c,v 1.240 2011/12/06 16:33:55 roberto Exp $
+** Auxiliary functions for building Lua libraries
+** See Copyright Notice in lua.h
+*/
+
+
+#include <errno.h>
+#include <stdarg.h>
+#include <stdio.h>
+#include <stdlib.h>
+#include <string.h>
+
+
+/* This file uses only the official API of Lua.
+** Any function declared here could be written as an application function.
+*/
+
+#define lauxlib_c
+#define LUA_LIB
+
+#include "lua.h"
+
+#include "lauxlib.h"
+
+
+/*
+** {======================================================
+** Traceback
+** =======================================================
+*/
+
+
+#define LEVELS1 12 /* size of the first part of the stack */
+#define LEVELS2 10 /* size of the second part of the stack */
+
+
+
+/*
+** search for 'objidx' in table at index -1.
+** return 1 + string at top if find a good name.
+*/
+static int findfield (lua_State *L, int objidx, int level) {
+ if (level == 0 || !lua_istable(L, -1))
+ return 0; /* not found */
+ lua_pushnil(L); /* start 'next' loop */
+ while (lua_next(L, -2)) { /* for each pair in table */
+ if (lua_type(L, -2) == LUA_TSTRING) { /* ignore non-string keys */
+ if (lua_rawequal(L, objidx, -1)) { /* found object? */
+ lua_pop(L, 1); /* remove value (but keep name) */
+ return 1;
+ }
+ else if (findfield(L, objidx, level - 1)) { /* try recursively */
+ lua_remove(L, -2); /* remove table (but keep name) */
+ lua_pushliteral(L, ".");
+ lua_insert(L, -2); /* place '.' between the two names */
+ lua_concat(L, 3);
+ return 1;
+ }
+ }
+ lua_pop(L, 1); /* remove value */
+ }
+ return 0; /* not found */
+}
+
+
+static int pushglobalfuncname (lua_State *L, lua_Debug *ar) {
+ int top = lua_gettop(L);
+ lua_getinfo(L, "f", ar); /* push function */
+ lua_pushglobaltable(L);
+ if (findfield(L, top + 1, 2)) {
+ lua_copy(L, -1, top + 1); /* move name to proper place */
+ lua_pop(L, 2); /* remove pushed values */
+ return 1;
+ }
+ else {
+ lua_settop(L, top); /* remove function and global table */
+ return 0;
+ }
+}
+
+
+static void pushfuncname (lua_State *L, lua_Debug *ar) {
+ if (*ar->namewhat != '\0') /* is there a name? */
+ lua_pushfstring(L, "function " LUA_QS, ar->name);
+ else if (*ar->what == 'm') /* main? */
+ lua_pushfstring(L, "main chunk");
+ else if (*ar->what == 'C') {
+ if (pushglobalfuncname(L, ar)) {
+ lua_pushfstring(L, "function " LUA_QS, lua_tostring(L, -1));
+ lua_remove(L, -2); /* remove name */
+ }
+ else
+ lua_pushliteral(L, "?");
+ }
+ else
+ lua_pushfstring(L, "function <%s:%d>", ar->short_src, ar->linedefined);
+}
+
+
+static int countlevels (lua_State *L) {
+ lua_Debug ar;
+ int li = 1, le = 1;
+ /* find an upper bound */
+ while (lua_getstack(L, le, &ar)) { li = le; le *= 2; }
+ /* do a binary search */
+ while (li < le) {
+ int m = (li + le)/2;
+ if (lua_getstack(L, m, &ar)) li = m + 1;
+ else le = m;
+ }
+ return le - 1;
+}
+
+
+LUALIB_API void luaL_traceback (lua_State *L, lua_State *L1,
+ const char *msg, int level) {
+ lua_Debug ar;
+ int top = lua_gettop(L);
+ int numlevels = countlevels(L1);
+ int mark = (numlevels > LEVELS1 + LEVELS2) ? LEVELS1 : 0;
+ if (msg) lua_pushfstring(L, "%s\n", msg);
+ lua_pushliteral(L, "stack traceback:");
+ while (lua_getstack(L1, level++, &ar)) {
+ if (level == mark) { /* too many levels? */
+ lua_pushliteral(L, "\n\t..."); /* add a '...' */
+ level = numlevels - LEVELS2; /* and skip to last ones */
+ }
+ else {
+ lua_getinfo(L1, "Slnt", &ar);
+ lua_pushfstring(L, "\n\t%s:", ar.short_src);
+ if (ar.currentline > 0)
+ lua_pushfstring(L, "%d:", ar.currentline);
+ lua_pushliteral(L, " in ");
+ pushfuncname(L, &ar);
+ if (ar.istailcall)
+ lua_pushliteral(L, "\n\t(...tail calls...)");
+ lua_concat(L, lua_gettop(L) - top);
+ }
+ }
+ lua_concat(L, lua_gettop(L) - top);
+}
+
+/* }====================================================== */
+
+
+/*
+** {======================================================
+** Error-report functions
+** =======================================================
+*/
+
+LUALIB_API int luaL_argerror (lua_State *L, int narg, const char *extramsg) {
+ lua_Debug ar;
+ if (!lua_getstack(L, 0, &ar)) /* no stack frame? */
+ return luaL_error(L, "bad argument #%d (%s)", narg, extramsg);
+ lua_getinfo(L, "n", &ar);
+ if (strcmp(ar.namewhat, "method") == 0) {
+ narg--; /* do not count `self' */
+ if (narg == 0) /* error is in the self argument itself? */
+ return luaL_error(L, "calling " LUA_QS " on bad self", ar.name);
+ }
+ if (ar.name == NULL)
+ ar.name = (pushglobalfuncname(L, &ar)) ? lua_tostring(L, -1) : "?";
+ return luaL_error(L, "bad argument #%d to " LUA_QS " (%s)",
+ narg, ar.name, extramsg);
+}
+
+
+static int typeerror (lua_State *L, int narg, const char *tname) {
+ const char *msg = lua_pushfstring(L, "%s expected, got %s",
+ tname, luaL_typename(L, narg));
+ return luaL_argerror(L, narg, msg);
+}
+
+
+static void tag_error (lua_State *L, int narg, int tag) {
+ typeerror(L, narg, lua_typename(L, tag));
+}
+
+
+LUALIB_API void luaL_where (lua_State *L, int level) {
+ lua_Debug ar;
+ if (lua_getstack(L, level, &ar)) { /* check function at level */
+ lua_getinfo(L, "Sl", &ar); /* get info about it */
+ if (ar.currentline > 0) { /* is there info? */
+ lua_pushfstring(L, "%s:%d: ", ar.short_src, ar.currentline);
+ return;
+ }
+ }
+ lua_pushliteral(L, ""); /* else, no information available... */
+}
+
+
+LUALIB_API int luaL_error (lua_State *L, const char *fmt, ...) {
+ va_list argp;
+ va_start(argp, fmt);
+ luaL_where(L, 1);
+ lua_pushvfstring(L, fmt, argp);
+ va_end(argp);
+ lua_concat(L, 2);
+ return lua_error(L);
+}
+
+
+LUALIB_API int luaL_fileresult (lua_State *L, int stat, const char *fname) {
+ int en = errno; /* calls to Lua API may change this value */
+ if (stat) {
+ lua_pushboolean(L, 1);
+ return 1;
+ }
+ else {
+ lua_pushnil(L);
+ if (fname)
+ lua_pushfstring(L, "%s: %s", fname, strerror(en));
+ else
+ lua_pushfstring(L, "%s", strerror(en));
+ lua_pushinteger(L, en);
+ return 3;
+ }
+}
+
+
+#if !defined(inspectstat) /* { */
+
+#if defined(LUA_USE_POSIX)
+
+#include <sys/wait.h>
+
+/*
+** use appropriate macros to interpret 'pclose' return status
+*/
+#define inspectstat(stat,what) \
+ if (WIFEXITED(stat)) { stat = WEXITSTATUS(stat); } \
+ else if (WIFSIGNALED(stat)) { stat = WTERMSIG(stat); what = "signal"; }
+
+#else
+
+#define inspectstat(stat,what) /* no op */
+
+#endif
+
+#endif /* } */
+
+
+LUALIB_API int luaL_execresult (lua_State *L, int stat) {
+ const char *what = "exit"; /* type of termination */
+ if (stat == -1) /* error? */
+ return luaL_fileresult(L, 0, NULL);
+ else {
+ inspectstat(stat, what); /* interpret result */
+ if (*what == 'e' && stat == 0) /* successful termination? */
+ lua_pushboolean(L, 1);
+ else
+ lua_pushnil(L);
+ lua_pushstring(L, what);
+ lua_pushinteger(L, stat);
+ return 3; /* return true/nil,what,code */
+ }
+}
+
+/* }====================================================== */
+
+
+/*
+** {======================================================
+** Userdata's metatable manipulation
+** =======================================================
+*/
+
+LUALIB_API int luaL_newmetatable (lua_State *L, const char *tname) {
+ luaL_getmetatable(L, tname); /* try to get metatable */
+ if (!lua_isnil(L, -1)) /* name already in use? */
+ return 0; /* leave previous value on top, but return 0 */
+ lua_pop(L, 1);
+ lua_newtable(L); /* create metatable */
+ lua_pushvalue(L, -1);
+ lua_setfield(L, LUA_REGISTRYINDEX, tname); /* registry.name = metatable */
+ return 1;
+}
+
+
+LUALIB_API void luaL_setmetatable (lua_State *L, const char *tname) {
+ luaL_getmetatable(L, tname);
+ lua_setmetatable(L, -2);
+}
+
+
+LUALIB_API void *luaL_testudata (lua_State *L, int ud, const char *tname) {
+ void *p = lua_touserdata(L, ud);
+ if (p != NULL) { /* value is a userdata? */
+ if (lua_getmetatable(L, ud)) { /* does it have a metatable? */
+ luaL_getmetatable(L, tname); /* get correct metatable */
+ if (!lua_rawequal(L, -1, -2)) /* not the same? */
+ p = NULL; /* value is a userdata with wrong metatable */
+ lua_pop(L, 2); /* remove both metatables */
+ return p;
+ }
+ }
+ return NULL; /* value is not a userdata with a metatable */
+}
+
+
+LUALIB_API void *luaL_checkudata (lua_State *L, int ud, const char *tname) {
+ void *p = luaL_testudata(L, ud, tname);
+ if (p == NULL) typeerror(L, ud, tname);
+ return p;
+}
+
+/* }====================================================== */
+
+
+/*
+** {======================================================
+** Argument check functions
+** =======================================================
+*/
+
+LUALIB_API int luaL_checkoption (lua_State *L, int narg, const char *def,
+ const char *const lst[]) {
+ const char *name = (def) ? luaL_optstring(L, narg, def) :
+ luaL_checkstring(L, narg);
+ int i;
+ for (i=0; lst[i]; i++)
+ if (strcmp(lst[i], name) == 0)
+ return i;
+ return luaL_argerror(L, narg,
+ lua_pushfstring(L, "invalid option " LUA_QS, name));
+}
+
+
+LUALIB_API void luaL_checkstack (lua_State *L, int space, const char *msg) {
+ /* keep some extra space to run error routines, if needed */
+ const int extra = LUA_MINSTACK;
+ if (!lua_checkstack(L, space + extra)) {
+ if (msg)
+ luaL_error(L, "stack overflow (%s)", msg);
+ else
+ luaL_error(L, "stack overflow");
+ }
+}
+
+
+LUALIB_API void luaL_checktype (lua_State *L, int narg, int t) {
+ if (lua_type(L, narg) != t)
+ tag_error(L, narg, t);
+}
+
+
+LUALIB_API void luaL_checkany (lua_State *L, int narg) {
+ if (lua_type(L, narg) == LUA_TNONE)
+ luaL_argerror(L, narg, "value expected");
+}
+
+
+LUALIB_API const char *luaL_checklstring (lua_State *L, int narg, size_t *len) {
+ const char *s = lua_tolstring(L, narg, len);
+ if (!s) tag_error(L, narg, LUA_TSTRING);
+ return s;
+}
+
+
+LUALIB_API const char *luaL_optlstring (lua_State *L, int narg,
+ const char *def, size_t *len) {
+ if (lua_isnoneornil(L, narg)) {
+ if (len)
+ *len = (def ? strlen(def) : 0);
+ return def;
+ }
+ else return luaL_checklstring(L, narg, len);
+}
+
+
+LUALIB_API lua_Number luaL_checknumber (lua_State *L, int narg) {
+ int isnum;
+ lua_Number d = lua_tonumberx(L, narg, &isnum);
+ if (!isnum)
+ tag_error(L, narg, LUA_TNUMBER);
+ return d;
+}
+
+
+LUALIB_API lua_Number luaL_optnumber (lua_State *L, int narg, lua_Number def) {
+ return luaL_opt(L, luaL_checknumber, narg, def);
+}
+
+
+LUALIB_API lua_Integer luaL_checkinteger (lua_State *L, int narg) {
+ int isnum;
+ lua_Integer d = lua_tointegerx(L, narg, &isnum);
+ if (!isnum)
+ tag_error(L, narg, LUA_TNUMBER);
+ return d;
+}
+
+
+LUALIB_API lua_Unsigned luaL_checkunsigned (lua_State *L, int narg) {
+ int isnum;
+ lua_Unsigned d = lua_tounsignedx(L, narg, &isnum);
+ if (!isnum)
+ tag_error(L, narg, LUA_TNUMBER);
+ return d;
+}
+
+
+LUALIB_API lua_Integer luaL_optinteger (lua_State *L, int narg,
+ lua_Integer def) {
+ return luaL_opt(L, luaL_checkinteger, narg, def);
+}
+
+
+LUALIB_API lua_Unsigned luaL_optunsigned (lua_State *L, int narg,
+ lua_Unsigned def) {
+ return luaL_opt(L, luaL_checkunsigned, narg, def);
+}
+
+/* }====================================================== */
+
+
+/*
+** {======================================================
+** Generic Buffer manipulation
+** =======================================================
+*/
+
+/*
+** check whether buffer is using a userdata on the stack as a temporary
+** buffer
+*/
+#define buffonstack(B) ((B)->b != (B)->initb)
+
+
+/*
+** returns a pointer to a free area with at least 'sz' bytes
+*/
+LUALIB_API char *luaL_prepbuffsize (luaL_Buffer *B, size_t sz) {
+ lua_State *L = B->L;
+ if (B->size - B->n < sz) { /* not enough space? */
+ char *newbuff;
+ size_t newsize = B->size * 2; /* double buffer size */
+ if (newsize - B->n < sz) /* not bit enough? */
+ newsize = B->n + sz;
+ if (newsize < B->n || newsize - B->n < sz)
+ luaL_error(L, "buffer too large");
+ /* create larger buffer */
+ newbuff = (char *)lua_newuserdata(L, newsize * sizeof(char));
+ /* move content to new buffer */
+ memcpy(newbuff, B->b, B->n * sizeof(char));
+ if (buffonstack(B))
+ lua_remove(L, -2); /* remove old buffer */
+ B->b = newbuff;
+ B->size = newsize;
+ }
+ return &B->b[B->n];
+}
+
+
+LUALIB_API void luaL_addlstring (luaL_Buffer *B, const char *s, size_t l) {
+ char *b = luaL_prepbuffsize(B, l);
+ memcpy(b, s, l * sizeof(char));
+ luaL_addsize(B, l);
+}
+
+
+LUALIB_API void luaL_addstring (luaL_Buffer *B, const char *s) {
+ luaL_addlstring(B, s, strlen(s));
+}
+
+
+LUALIB_API void luaL_pushresult (luaL_Buffer *B) {
+ lua_State *L = B->L;
+ lua_pushlstring(L, B->b, B->n);
+ if (buffonstack(B))
+ lua_remove(L, -2); /* remove old buffer */
+}
+
+
+LUALIB_API void luaL_pushresultsize (luaL_Buffer *B, size_t sz) {
+ luaL_addsize(B, sz);
+ luaL_pushresult(B);
+}
+
+
+LUALIB_API void luaL_addvalue (luaL_Buffer *B) {
+ lua_State *L = B->L;
+ size_t l;
+ const char *s = lua_tolstring(L, -1, &l);
+ if (buffonstack(B))
+ lua_insert(L, -2); /* put value below buffer */
+ luaL_addlstring(B, s, l);
+ lua_remove(L, (buffonstack(B)) ? -2 : -1); /* remove value */
+}
+
+
+LUALIB_API void luaL_buffinit (lua_State *L, luaL_Buffer *B) {
+ B->L = L;
+ B->b = B->initb;
+ B->n = 0;
+ B->size = LUAL_BUFFERSIZE;
+}
+
+
+LUALIB_API char *luaL_buffinitsize (lua_State *L, luaL_Buffer *B, size_t sz) {
+ luaL_buffinit(L, B);
+ return luaL_prepbuffsize(B, sz);
+}
+
+/* }====================================================== */
+
+
+/*
+** {======================================================
+** Reference system
+** =======================================================
+*/
+
+/* index of free-list header */
+#define freelist 0
+
+
+LUALIB_API int luaL_ref (lua_State *L, int t) {
+ int ref;
+ t = lua_absindex(L, t);
+ if (lua_isnil(L, -1)) {
+ lua_pop(L, 1); /* remove from stack */
+ return LUA_REFNIL; /* `nil' has a unique fixed reference */
+ }
+ lua_rawgeti(L, t, freelist); /* get first free element */
+ ref = (int)lua_tointeger(L, -1); /* ref = t[freelist] */
+ lua_pop(L, 1); /* remove it from stack */
+ if (ref != 0) { /* any free element? */
+ lua_rawgeti(L, t, ref); /* remove it from list */
+ lua_rawseti(L, t, freelist); /* (t[freelist] = t[ref]) */
+ }
+ else /* no free elements */
+ ref = (int)lua_rawlen(L, t) + 1; /* get a new reference */
+ lua_rawseti(L, t, ref);
+ return ref;
+}
+
+
+LUALIB_API void luaL_unref (lua_State *L, int t, int ref) {
+ if (ref >= 0) {
+ t = lua_absindex(L, t);
+ lua_rawgeti(L, t, freelist);
+ lua_rawseti(L, t, ref); /* t[ref] = t[freelist] */
+ lua_pushinteger(L, ref);
+ lua_rawseti(L, t, freelist); /* t[freelist] = ref */
+ }
+}
+
+/* }====================================================== */
+
+
+/*
+** {======================================================
+** Load functions
+** =======================================================
+*/
+
+typedef struct LoadF {
+ int n; /* number of pre-read characters */
+ FILE *f; /* file being read */
+ char buff[LUAL_BUFFERSIZE]; /* area for reading file */
+} LoadF;
+
+
+static const char *getF (lua_State *L, void *ud, size_t *size) {
+ LoadF *lf = (LoadF *)ud;
+ (void)L; /* not used */
+ if (lf->n > 0) { /* are there pre-read characters to be read? */
+ *size = lf->n; /* return them (chars already in buffer) */
+ lf->n = 0; /* no more pre-read characters */
+ }
+ else { /* read a block from file */
+ /* 'fread' can return > 0 *and* set the EOF flag. If next call to
+ 'getF' called 'fread', it might still wait for user input.
+ The next check avoids this problem. */
+ if (feof(lf->f)) return NULL;
+ *size = fread(lf->buff, 1, sizeof(lf->buff), lf->f); /* read block */
+ }
+ return lf->buff;
+}
+
+
+static int errfile (lua_State *L, const char *what, int fnameindex) {
+ const char *serr = strerror(errno);
+ const char *filename = lua_tostring(L, fnameindex) + 1;
+ lua_pushfstring(L, "cannot %s %s: %s", what, filename, serr);
+ lua_remove(L, fnameindex);
+ return LUA_ERRFILE;
+}
+
+
+static int skipBOM (LoadF *lf) {
+ const char *p = "\xEF\xBB\xBF"; /* Utf8 BOM mark */
+ int c;
+ lf->n = 0;
+ do {
+ c = getc(lf->f);
+ if (c == EOF || c != *(unsigned char *)p++) return c;
+ lf->buff[lf->n++] = c; /* to be read by the parser */
+ } while (*p != '\0');
+ lf->n = 0; /* prefix matched; discard it */
+ return getc(lf->f); /* return next character */
+}
+
+
+/*
+** reads the first character of file 'f' and skips an optional BOM mark
+** in its beginning plus its first line if it starts with '#'. Returns
+** true if it skipped the first line. In any case, '*cp' has the
+** first "valid" character of the file (after the optional BOM and
+** a first-line comment).
+*/
+static int skipcomment (LoadF *lf, int *cp) {
+ int c = *cp = skipBOM(lf);
+ if (c == '#') { /* first line is a comment (Unix exec. file)? */
+ while ((c = getc(lf->f)) != EOF && c != '\n') ; /* skip first line */
+ *cp = getc(lf->f); /* skip end-of-line */
+ return 1; /* there was a comment */
+ }
+ else return 0; /* no comment */
+}
+
+
+LUALIB_API int luaL_loadfilex (lua_State *L, const char *filename,
+ const char *mode) {
+ LoadF lf;
+ int status, readstatus;
+ int c;
+ int fnameindex = lua_gettop(L) + 1; /* index of filename on the stack */
+ if (filename == NULL) {
+ lua_pushliteral(L, "=stdin");
+ lf.f = stdin;
+ }
+ else {
+ lua_pushfstring(L, "@%s", filename);
+ lf.f = fopen(filename, "r");
+ if (lf.f == NULL) return errfile(L, "open", fnameindex);
+ }
+ if (skipcomment(&lf, &c)) /* read initial portion */
+ lf.buff[lf.n++] = '\n'; /* add line to correct line numbers */
+ if (c == LUA_SIGNATURE[0] && filename) { /* binary file? */
+ lf.f = freopen(filename, "rb", lf.f); /* reopen in binary mode */
+ if (lf.f == NULL) return errfile(L, "reopen", fnameindex);
+ skipcomment(&lf, &c); /* re-read initial portion */
+ }
+ if (c != EOF)
+ lf.buff[lf.n++] = c; /* 'c' is the first character of the stream */
+ status = lua_load(L, getF, &lf, lua_tostring(L, -1), mode);
+ readstatus = ferror(lf.f);
+ if (filename) fclose(lf.f); /* close file (even in case of errors) */
+ if (readstatus) {
+ lua_settop(L, fnameindex); /* ignore results from `lua_load' */
+ return errfile(L, "read", fnameindex);
+ }
+ lua_remove(L, fnameindex);
+ return status;
+}
+
+
+typedef struct LoadS {
+ const char *s;
+ size_t size;
+} LoadS;
+
+
+static const char *getS (lua_State *L, void *ud, size_t *size) {
+ LoadS *ls = (LoadS *)ud;
+ (void)L; /* not used */
+ if (ls->size == 0) return NULL;
+ *size = ls->size;
+ ls->size = 0;
+ return ls->s;
+}
+
+
+LUALIB_API int luaL_loadbufferx (lua_State *L, const char *buff, size_t size,
+ const char *name, const char *mode) {
+ LoadS ls;
+ ls.s = buff;
+ ls.size = size;
+ return lua_load(L, getS, &ls, name, mode);
+}
+
+
+LUALIB_API int luaL_loadstring (lua_State *L, const char *s) {
+ return luaL_loadbuffer(L, s, strlen(s), s);
+}
+
+/* }====================================================== */
+
+
+
+LUALIB_API int luaL_getmetafield (lua_State *L, int obj, const char *event) {
+ if (!lua_getmetatable(L, obj)) /* no metatable? */
+ return 0;
+ lua_pushstring(L, event);
+ lua_rawget(L, -2);
+ if (lua_isnil(L, -1)) {
+ lua_pop(L, 2); /* remove metatable and metafield */
+ return 0;
+ }
+ else {
+ lua_remove(L, -2); /* remove only metatable */
+ return 1;
+ }
+}
+
+
+LUALIB_API int luaL_callmeta (lua_State *L, int obj, const char *event) {
+ obj = lua_absindex(L, obj);
+ if (!luaL_getmetafield(L, obj, event)) /* no metafield? */
+ return 0;
+ lua_pushvalue(L, obj);
+ lua_call(L, 1, 1);
+ return 1;
+}
+
+
+LUALIB_API int luaL_len (lua_State *L, int idx) {
+ int l;
+ int isnum;
+ lua_len(L, idx);
+ l = (int)lua_tointegerx(L, -1, &isnum);
+ if (!isnum)
+ luaL_error(L, "object length is not a number");
+ lua_pop(L, 1); /* remove object */
+ return l;
+}
+
+
+LUALIB_API const char *luaL_tolstring (lua_State *L, int idx, size_t *len) {
+ if (!luaL_callmeta(L, idx, "__tostring")) { /* no metafield? */
+ switch (lua_type(L, idx)) {
+ case LUA_TNUMBER:
+ case LUA_TSTRING:
+ lua_pushvalue(L, idx);
+ break;
+ case LUA_TBOOLEAN:
+ lua_pushstring(L, (lua_toboolean(L, idx) ? "true" : "false"));
+ break;
+ case LUA_TNIL:
+ lua_pushliteral(L, "nil");
+ break;
+ default:
+ lua_pushfstring(L, "%s: %p", luaL_typename(L, idx),
+ lua_topointer(L, idx));
+ break;
+ }
+ }
+ return lua_tolstring(L, -1, len);
+}
+
+
+/*
+** {======================================================
+** Compatibility with 5.1 module functions
+** =======================================================
+*/
+#if defined(LUA_COMPAT_MODULE)
+
+static const char *luaL_findtable (lua_State *L, int idx,
+ const char *fname, int szhint) {
+ const char *e;
+ if (idx) lua_pushvalue(L, idx);
+ do {
+ e = strchr(fname, '.');
+ if (e == NULL) e = fname + strlen(fname);
+ lua_pushlstring(L, fname, e - fname);
+ lua_rawget(L, -2);
+ if (lua_isnil(L, -1)) { /* no such field? */
+ lua_pop(L, 1); /* remove this nil */
+ lua_createtable(L, 0, (*e == '.' ? 1 : szhint)); /* new table for field */
+ lua_pushlstring(L, fname, e - fname);
+ lua_pushvalue(L, -2);
+ lua_settable(L, -4); /* set new table into field */
+ }
+ else if (!lua_istable(L, -1)) { /* field has a non-table value? */
+ lua_pop(L, 2); /* remove table and value */
+ return fname; /* return problematic part of the name */
+ }
+ lua_remove(L, -2); /* remove previous table */
+ fname = e + 1;
+ } while (*e == '.');
+ return NULL;
+}
+
+
+/*
+** Count number of elements in a luaL_Reg list.
+*/
+static int libsize (const luaL_Reg *l) {
+ int size = 0;
+ for (; l && l->name; l++) size++;
+ return size;
+}
+
+
+/*
+** Find or create a module table with a given name. The function
+** first looks at the _LOADED table and, if that fails, try a
+** global variable with that name. In any case, leaves on the stack
+** the module table.
+*/
+LUALIB_API void luaL_pushmodule (lua_State *L, const char *modname,
+ int sizehint) {
+ luaL_findtable(L, LUA_REGISTRYINDEX, "_LOADED", 1); /* get _LOADED table */
+ lua_getfield(L, -1, modname); /* get _LOADED[modname] */
+ if (!lua_istable(L, -1)) { /* not found? */
+ lua_pop(L, 1); /* remove previous result */
+ /* try global variable (and create one if it does not exist) */
+ lua_pushglobaltable(L);
+ if (luaL_findtable(L, 0, modname, sizehint) != NULL)
+ luaL_error(L, "name conflict for module " LUA_QS, modname);
+ lua_pushvalue(L, -1);
+ lua_setfield(L, -3, modname); /* _LOADED[modname] = new table */
+ }
+ lua_remove(L, -2); /* remove _LOADED table */
+}
+
+
+LUALIB_API void luaL_openlib (lua_State *L, const char *libname,
+ const luaL_Reg *l, int nup) {
+ luaL_checkversion(L);
+ if (libname) {
+ luaL_pushmodule(L, libname, libsize(l)); /* get/create library table */
+ lua_insert(L, -(nup + 1)); /* move library table to below upvalues */
+ }
+ if (l)
+ luaL_setfuncs(L, l, nup);
+ else
+ lua_pop(L, nup); /* remove upvalues */
+}
+
+#endif
+/* }====================================================== */
+
+/*
+** set functions from list 'l' into table at top - 'nup'; each
+** function gets the 'nup' elements at the top as upvalues.
+** Returns with only the table at the stack.
+*/
+LUALIB_API void luaL_setfuncs (lua_State *L, const luaL_Reg *l, int nup) {
+ luaL_checkstack(L, nup, "too many upvalues");
+ for (; l->name != NULL; l++) { /* fill the table with given functions */
+ int i;
+ for (i = 0; i < nup; i++) /* copy upvalues to the top */
+ lua_pushvalue(L, -nup);
+ lua_pushcclosure(L, l->func, nup); /* closure with those upvalues */
+ lua_setfield(L, -(nup + 2), l->name);
+ }
+ lua_pop(L, nup); /* remove upvalues */
+}
+
+
+/*
+** ensure that stack[idx][fname] has a table and push that table
+** into the stack
+*/
+LUALIB_API int luaL_getsubtable (lua_State *L, int idx, const char *fname) {
+ lua_getfield(L, idx, fname);
+ if (lua_istable(L, -1)) return 1; /* table already there */
+ else {
+ idx = lua_absindex(L, idx);
+ lua_pop(L, 1); /* remove previous result */
+ lua_newtable(L);
+ lua_pushvalue(L, -1); /* copy to be left at top */
+ lua_setfield(L, idx, fname); /* assign new table to field */
+ return 0; /* false, because did not find table there */
+ }
+}
+
+
+/*
+** stripped-down 'require'. Calls 'openf' to open a module,
+** registers the result in 'package.loaded' table and, if 'glb'
+** is true, also registers the result in the global table.
+** Leaves resulting module on the top.
+*/
+LUALIB_API void luaL_requiref (lua_State *L, const char *modname,
+ lua_CFunction openf, int glb) {
+ lua_pushcfunction(L, openf);
+ lua_pushstring(L, modname); /* argument to open function */
+ lua_call(L, 1, 1); /* open module */
+ luaL_getsubtable(L, LUA_REGISTRYINDEX, "_LOADED");
+ lua_pushvalue(L, -2); /* make copy of module (call result) */
+ lua_setfield(L, -2, modname); /* _LOADED[modname] = module */
+ lua_pop(L, 1); /* remove _LOADED table */
+ if (glb) {
+ lua_pushglobaltable(L);
+ lua_pushvalue(L, -2); /* copy of 'mod' */
+ lua_setfield(L, -2, modname); /* _G[modname] = module */
+ lua_pop(L, 1); /* remove _G table */
+ }
+}
+
+
+LUALIB_API const char *luaL_gsub (lua_State *L, const char *s, const char *p,
+ const char *r) {
+ const char *wild;
+ size_t l = strlen(p);
+ luaL_Buffer b;
+ luaL_buffinit(L, &b);
+ while ((wild = strstr(s, p)) != NULL) {
+ luaL_addlstring(&b, s, wild - s); /* push prefix */
+ luaL_addstring(&b, r); /* push replacement in place of pattern */
+ s = wild + l; /* continue after `p' */
+ }
+ luaL_addstring(&b, s); /* push last suffix */
+ luaL_pushresult(&b);
+ return lua_tostring(L, -1);
+}
+
+
+static void *l_alloc (void *ud, void *ptr, size_t osize, size_t nsize) {
+ (void)ud; (void)osize; /* not used */
+ if (nsize == 0) {
+ free(ptr);
+ return NULL;
+ }
+ else
+ return realloc(ptr, nsize);
+}
+
+
+static int panic (lua_State *L) {
+ luai_writestringerror("PANIC: unprotected error in call to Lua API (%s)\n",
+ lua_tostring(L, -1));
+ return 0; /* return to Lua to abort */
+}
+
+
+LUALIB_API lua_State *luaL_newstate (void) {
+ lua_State *L = lua_newstate(l_alloc, NULL);
+ if (L) lua_atpanic(L, &panic);
+ return L;
+}
+
+
+LUALIB_API void luaL_checkversion_ (lua_State *L, lua_Number ver) {
+ const lua_Number *v = lua_version(L);
+ if (v != lua_version(NULL))
+ luaL_error(L, "multiple Lua VMs detected");
+ else if (*v != ver)
+ luaL_error(L, "version mismatch: app. needs %f, Lua core provides %f",
+ ver, *v);
+ /* check conversions number -> integer types */
+ lua_pushnumber(L, -(lua_Number)0x1234);
+ if (lua_tointeger(L, -1) != -0x1234 ||
+ lua_tounsigned(L, -1) != (lua_Unsigned)-0x1234)
+ luaL_error(L, "bad conversion number->int;"
+ " must recompile Lua with proper settings");
+ lua_pop(L, 1);
+}
+
--- /dev/null
+/*
+** $Id: lauxlib.h,v 1.120 2011/11/29 15:55:08 roberto Exp $
+** Auxiliary functions for building Lua libraries
+** See Copyright Notice in lua.h
+*/
+
+
+#ifndef lauxlib_h
+#define lauxlib_h
+
+
+#include <stddef.h>
+#include <stdio.h>
+
+#include "lua.h"
+
+
+
+/* extra error code for `luaL_load' */
+#define LUA_ERRFILE (LUA_ERRERR+1)
+
+
+typedef struct luaL_Reg {
+ const char *name;
+ lua_CFunction func;
+} luaL_Reg;
+
+
+LUALIB_API void (luaL_checkversion_) (lua_State *L, lua_Number ver);
+#define luaL_checkversion(L) luaL_checkversion_(L, LUA_VERSION_NUM)
+
+LUALIB_API int (luaL_getmetafield) (lua_State *L, int obj, const char *e);
+LUALIB_API int (luaL_callmeta) (lua_State *L, int obj, const char *e);
+LUALIB_API const char *(luaL_tolstring) (lua_State *L, int idx, size_t *len);
+LUALIB_API int (luaL_argerror) (lua_State *L, int numarg, const char *extramsg);
+LUALIB_API const char *(luaL_checklstring) (lua_State *L, int numArg,
+ size_t *l);
+LUALIB_API const char *(luaL_optlstring) (lua_State *L, int numArg,
+ const char *def, size_t *l);
+LUALIB_API lua_Number (luaL_checknumber) (lua_State *L, int numArg);
+LUALIB_API lua_Number (luaL_optnumber) (lua_State *L, int nArg, lua_Number def);
+
+LUALIB_API lua_Integer (luaL_checkinteger) (lua_State *L, int numArg);
+LUALIB_API lua_Integer (luaL_optinteger) (lua_State *L, int nArg,
+ lua_Integer def);
+LUALIB_API lua_Unsigned (luaL_checkunsigned) (lua_State *L, int numArg);
+LUALIB_API lua_Unsigned (luaL_optunsigned) (lua_State *L, int numArg,
+ lua_Unsigned def);
+
+LUALIB_API void (luaL_checkstack) (lua_State *L, int sz, const char *msg);
+LUALIB_API void (luaL_checktype) (lua_State *L, int narg, int t);
+LUALIB_API void (luaL_checkany) (lua_State *L, int narg);
+
+LUALIB_API int (luaL_newmetatable) (lua_State *L, const char *tname);
+LUALIB_API void (luaL_setmetatable) (lua_State *L, const char *tname);
+LUALIB_API void *(luaL_testudata) (lua_State *L, int ud, const char *tname);
+LUALIB_API void *(luaL_checkudata) (lua_State *L, int ud, const char *tname);
+
+LUALIB_API void (luaL_where) (lua_State *L, int lvl);
+LUALIB_API int (luaL_error) (lua_State *L, const char *fmt, ...);
+
+LUALIB_API int (luaL_checkoption) (lua_State *L, int narg, const char *def,
+ const char *const lst[]);
+
+LUALIB_API int (luaL_fileresult) (lua_State *L, int stat, const char *fname);
+LUALIB_API int (luaL_execresult) (lua_State *L, int stat);
+
+/* pre-defined references */
+#define LUA_NOREF (-2)
+#define LUA_REFNIL (-1)
+
+LUALIB_API int (luaL_ref) (lua_State *L, int t);
+LUALIB_API void (luaL_unref) (lua_State *L, int t, int ref);
+
+LUALIB_API int (luaL_loadfilex) (lua_State *L, const char *filename,
+ const char *mode);
+
+#define luaL_loadfile(L,f) luaL_loadfilex(L,f,NULL)
+
+LUALIB_API int (luaL_loadbufferx) (lua_State *L, const char *buff, size_t sz,
+ const char *name, const char *mode);
+LUALIB_API int (luaL_loadstring) (lua_State *L, const char *s);
+
+LUALIB_API lua_State *(luaL_newstate) (void);
+
+LUALIB_API int (luaL_len) (lua_State *L, int idx);
+
+LUALIB_API const char *(luaL_gsub) (lua_State *L, const char *s, const char *p,
+ const char *r);
+
+LUALIB_API void (luaL_setfuncs) (lua_State *L, const luaL_Reg *l, int nup);
+
+LUALIB_API int (luaL_getsubtable) (lua_State *L, int idx, const char *fname);
+
+LUALIB_API void (luaL_traceback) (lua_State *L, lua_State *L1,
+ const char *msg, int level);
+
+LUALIB_API void (luaL_requiref) (lua_State *L, const char *modname,
+ lua_CFunction openf, int glb);
+
+/*
+** ===============================================================
+** some useful macros
+** ===============================================================
+*/
+
+
+#define luaL_newlibtable(L,l) \
+ lua_createtable(L, 0, sizeof(l)/sizeof((l)[0]) - 1)
+
+#define luaL_newlib(L,l) (luaL_newlibtable(L,l), luaL_setfuncs(L,l,0))
+
+#define luaL_argcheck(L, cond,numarg,extramsg) \
+ ((void)((cond) || luaL_argerror(L, (numarg), (extramsg))))
+#define luaL_checkstring(L,n) (luaL_checklstring(L, (n), NULL))
+#define luaL_optstring(L,n,d) (luaL_optlstring(L, (n), (d), NULL))
+#define luaL_checkint(L,n) ((int)luaL_checkinteger(L, (n)))
+#define luaL_optint(L,n,d) ((int)luaL_optinteger(L, (n), (d)))
+#define luaL_checklong(L,n) ((long)luaL_checkinteger(L, (n)))
+#define luaL_optlong(L,n,d) ((long)luaL_optinteger(L, (n), (d)))
+
+#define luaL_typename(L,i) lua_typename(L, lua_type(L,(i)))
+
+#define luaL_dofile(L, fn) \
+ (luaL_loadfile(L, fn) || lua_pcall(L, 0, LUA_MULTRET, 0))
+
+#define luaL_dostring(L, s) \
+ (luaL_loadstring(L, s) || lua_pcall(L, 0, LUA_MULTRET, 0))
+
+#define luaL_getmetatable(L,n) (lua_getfield(L, LUA_REGISTRYINDEX, (n)))
+
+#define luaL_opt(L,f,n,d) (lua_isnoneornil(L,(n)) ? (d) : f(L,(n)))
+
+#define luaL_loadbuffer(L,s,sz,n) luaL_loadbufferx(L,s,sz,n,NULL)
+
+
+/*
+** {======================================================
+** Generic Buffer manipulation
+** =======================================================
+*/
+
+typedef struct luaL_Buffer {
+ char *b; /* buffer address */
+ size_t size; /* buffer size */
+ size_t n; /* number of characters in buffer */
+ lua_State *L;
+ char initb[LUAL_BUFFERSIZE]; /* initial buffer */
+} luaL_Buffer;
+
+
+#define luaL_addchar(B,c) \
+ ((void)((B)->n < (B)->size || luaL_prepbuffsize((B), 1)), \
+ ((B)->b[(B)->n++] = (c)))
+
+#define luaL_addsize(B,s) ((B)->n += (s))
+
+LUALIB_API void (luaL_buffinit) (lua_State *L, luaL_Buffer *B);
+LUALIB_API char *(luaL_prepbuffsize) (luaL_Buffer *B, size_t sz);
+LUALIB_API void (luaL_addlstring) (luaL_Buffer *B, const char *s, size_t l);
+LUALIB_API void (luaL_addstring) (luaL_Buffer *B, const char *s);
+LUALIB_API void (luaL_addvalue) (luaL_Buffer *B);
+LUALIB_API void (luaL_pushresult) (luaL_Buffer *B);
+LUALIB_API void (luaL_pushresultsize) (luaL_Buffer *B, size_t sz);
+LUALIB_API char *(luaL_buffinitsize) (lua_State *L, luaL_Buffer *B, size_t sz);
+
+#define luaL_prepbuffer(B) luaL_prepbuffsize(B, LUAL_BUFFERSIZE)
+
+/* }====================================================== */
+
+
+
+/*
+** {======================================================
+** File handles for IO library
+** =======================================================
+*/
+
+/*
+** A file handle is a userdata with metatable 'LUA_FILEHANDLE' and
+** initial structure 'luaL_Stream' (it may contain other fields
+** after that initial structure).
+*/
+
+#define LUA_FILEHANDLE "FILE*"
+
+
+typedef struct luaL_Stream {
+ FILE *f; /* stream (NULL for incompletely created streams) */
+ lua_CFunction closef; /* to close stream (NULL for closed streams) */
+} luaL_Stream;
+
+/* }====================================================== */
+
+
+
+/* compatibility with old module system */
+#if defined(LUA_COMPAT_MODULE)
+
+LUALIB_API void (luaL_pushmodule) (lua_State *L, const char *modname,
+ int sizehint);
+LUALIB_API void (luaL_openlib) (lua_State *L, const char *libname,
+ const luaL_Reg *l, int nup);
+
+#define luaL_register(L,n,l) (luaL_openlib(L,(n),(l),0))
+
+#endif
+
+
+#endif
+
+
--- /dev/null
+/*
+** $Id: lbaselib.c,v 1.273 2011/11/30 13:03:24 roberto Exp $
+** Basic library
+** See Copyright Notice in lua.h
+*/
+
+
+
+#include <ctype.h>
+#include <stdio.h>
+#include <stdlib.h>
+#include <string.h>
+
+#define lbaselib_c
+#define LUA_LIB
+
+#include "lua.h"
+
+#include "lauxlib.h"
+#include "lualib.h"
+
+
+static int luaB_print (lua_State *L) {
+ int n = lua_gettop(L); /* number of arguments */
+ int i;
+ lua_getglobal(L, "tostring");
+ for (i=1; i<=n; i++) {
+ const char *s;
+ size_t l;
+ lua_pushvalue(L, -1); /* function to be called */
+ lua_pushvalue(L, i); /* value to print */
+ lua_call(L, 1, 1);
+ s = lua_tolstring(L, -1, &l); /* get result */
+ if (s == NULL)
+ return luaL_error(L,
+ LUA_QL("tostring") " must return a string to " LUA_QL("print"));
+ if (i>1) luai_writestring("\t", 1);
+ luai_writestring(s, l);
+ lua_pop(L, 1); /* pop result */
+ }
+ luai_writeline();
+ return 0;
+}
+
+
+#define SPACECHARS " \f\n\r\t\v"
+
+static int luaB_tonumber (lua_State *L) {
+ if (lua_isnoneornil(L, 2)) { /* standard conversion */
+ int isnum;
+ lua_Number n = lua_tonumberx(L, 1, &isnum);
+ if (isnum) {
+ lua_pushnumber(L, n);
+ return 1;
+ } /* else not a number; must be something */
+ luaL_checkany(L, 1);
+ }
+ else {
+ size_t l;
+ const char *s = luaL_checklstring(L, 1, &l);
+ const char *e = s + l; /* end point for 's' */
+ int base = luaL_checkint(L, 2);
+ int neg = 0;
+ luaL_argcheck(L, 2 <= base && base <= 36, 2, "base out of range");
+ s += strspn(s, SPACECHARS); /* skip initial spaces */
+ if (*s == '-') { s++; neg = 1; } /* handle signal */
+ else if (*s == '+') s++;
+ if (isalnum((unsigned char)*s)) {
+ lua_Number n = 0;
+ do {
+ int digit = (isdigit((unsigned char)*s)) ? *s - '0'
+ : toupper((unsigned char)*s) - 'A' + 10;
+ if (digit >= base) break; /* invalid numeral; force a fail */
+ n = n * (lua_Number)base + (lua_Number)digit;
+ s++;
+ } while (isalnum((unsigned char)*s));
+ s += strspn(s, SPACECHARS); /* skip trailing spaces */
+ if (s == e) { /* no invalid trailing characters? */
+ lua_pushnumber(L, (neg) ? -n : n);
+ return 1;
+ } /* else not a number */
+ } /* else not a number */
+ }
+ lua_pushnil(L); /* not a number */
+ return 1;
+}
+
+
+static int luaB_error (lua_State *L) {
+ int level = luaL_optint(L, 2, 1);
+ lua_settop(L, 1);
+ if (lua_isstring(L, 1) && level > 0) { /* add extra information? */
+ luaL_where(L, level);
+ lua_pushvalue(L, 1);
+ lua_concat(L, 2);
+ }
+ return lua_error(L);
+}
+
+
+static int luaB_getmetatable (lua_State *L) {
+ luaL_checkany(L, 1);
+ if (!lua_getmetatable(L, 1)) {
+ lua_pushnil(L);
+ return 1; /* no metatable */
+ }
+ luaL_getmetafield(L, 1, "__metatable");
+ return 1; /* returns either __metatable field (if present) or metatable */
+}
+
+
+static int luaB_setmetatable (lua_State *L) {
+ int t = lua_type(L, 2);
+ luaL_checktype(L, 1, LUA_TTABLE);
+ luaL_argcheck(L, t == LUA_TNIL || t == LUA_TTABLE, 2,
+ "nil or table expected");
+ if (luaL_getmetafield(L, 1, "__metatable"))
+ return luaL_error(L, "cannot change a protected metatable");
+ lua_settop(L, 2);
+ lua_setmetatable(L, 1);
+ return 1;
+}
+
+
+static int luaB_rawequal (lua_State *L) {
+ luaL_checkany(L, 1);
+ luaL_checkany(L, 2);
+ lua_pushboolean(L, lua_rawequal(L, 1, 2));
+ return 1;
+}
+
+
+static int luaB_rawlen (lua_State *L) {
+ int t = lua_type(L, 1);
+ luaL_argcheck(L, t == LUA_TTABLE || t == LUA_TSTRING, 1,
+ "table or string expected");
+ lua_pushinteger(L, lua_rawlen(L, 1));
+ return 1;
+}
+
+
+static int luaB_rawget (lua_State *L) {
+ luaL_checktype(L, 1, LUA_TTABLE);
+ luaL_checkany(L, 2);
+ lua_settop(L, 2);
+ lua_rawget(L, 1);
+ return 1;
+}
+
+static int luaB_rawset (lua_State *L) {
+ luaL_checktype(L, 1, LUA_TTABLE);
+ luaL_checkany(L, 2);
+ luaL_checkany(L, 3);
+ lua_settop(L, 3);
+ lua_rawset(L, 1);
+ return 1;
+}
+
+
+static int luaB_collectgarbage (lua_State *L) {
+ static const char *const opts[] = {"stop", "restart", "collect",
+ "count", "step", "setpause", "setstepmul",
+ "setmajorinc", "isrunning", "generational", "incremental", NULL};
+ static const int optsnum[] = {LUA_GCSTOP, LUA_GCRESTART, LUA_GCCOLLECT,
+ LUA_GCCOUNT, LUA_GCSTEP, LUA_GCSETPAUSE, LUA_GCSETSTEPMUL,
+ LUA_GCSETMAJORINC, LUA_GCISRUNNING, LUA_GCGEN, LUA_GCINC};
+ int o = optsnum[luaL_checkoption(L, 1, "collect", opts)];
+ int ex = luaL_optint(L, 2, 0);
+ int res = lua_gc(L, o, ex);
+ switch (o) {
+ case LUA_GCCOUNT: {
+ int b = lua_gc(L, LUA_GCCOUNTB, 0);
+ lua_pushnumber(L, res + ((lua_Number)b/1024));
+ lua_pushinteger(L, b);
+ return 2;
+ }
+ case LUA_GCSTEP: case LUA_GCISRUNNING: {
+ lua_pushboolean(L, res);
+ return 1;
+ }
+ default: {
+ lua_pushinteger(L, res);
+ return 1;
+ }
+ }
+}
+
+
+static int luaB_type (lua_State *L) {
+ luaL_checkany(L, 1);
+ lua_pushstring(L, luaL_typename(L, 1));
+ return 1;
+}
+
+
+static int pairsmeta (lua_State *L, const char *method, int iszero,
+ lua_CFunction iter) {
+ if (!luaL_getmetafield(L, 1, method)) { /* no metamethod? */
+ luaL_checktype(L, 1, LUA_TTABLE); /* argument must be a table */
+ lua_pushcfunction(L, iter); /* will return generator, */
+ lua_pushvalue(L, 1); /* state, */
+ if (iszero) lua_pushinteger(L, 0); /* and initial value */
+ else lua_pushnil(L);
+ }
+ else {
+ lua_pushvalue(L, 1); /* argument 'self' to metamethod */
+ lua_call(L, 1, 3); /* get 3 values from metamethod */
+ }
+ return 3;
+}
+
+
+static int luaB_next (lua_State *L) {
+ luaL_checktype(L, 1, LUA_TTABLE);
+ lua_settop(L, 2); /* create a 2nd argument if there isn't one */
+ if (lua_next(L, 1))
+ return 2;
+ else {
+ lua_pushnil(L);
+ return 1;
+ }
+}
+
+
+static int luaB_pairs (lua_State *L) {
+ return pairsmeta(L, "__pairs", 0, luaB_next);
+}
+
+
+static int ipairsaux (lua_State *L) {
+ int i = luaL_checkint(L, 2);
+ luaL_checktype(L, 1, LUA_TTABLE);
+ i++; /* next value */
+ lua_pushinteger(L, i);
+ lua_rawgeti(L, 1, i);
+ return (lua_isnil(L, -1)) ? 1 : 2;
+}
+
+
+static int luaB_ipairs (lua_State *L) {
+ return pairsmeta(L, "__ipairs", 1, ipairsaux);
+}
+
+
+static int load_aux (lua_State *L, int status) {
+ if (status == LUA_OK)
+ return 1;
+ else {
+ lua_pushnil(L);
+ lua_insert(L, -2); /* put before error message */
+ return 2; /* return nil plus error message */
+ }
+}
+
+
+static int luaB_loadfile (lua_State *L) {
+ const char *fname = luaL_optstring(L, 1, NULL);
+ const char *mode = luaL_optstring(L, 2, NULL);
+ int env = !lua_isnone(L, 3); /* 'env' parameter? */
+ int status = luaL_loadfilex(L, fname, mode);
+ if (status == LUA_OK && env) { /* 'env' parameter? */
+ lua_pushvalue(L, 3);
+ lua_setupvalue(L, -2, 1); /* set it as 1st upvalue of loaded chunk */
+ }
+ return load_aux(L, status);
+}
+
+
+/*
+** {======================================================
+** Generic Read function
+** =======================================================
+*/
+
+
+/*
+** reserved slot, above all arguments, to hold a copy of the returned
+** string to avoid it being collected while parsed. 'load' has four
+** optional arguments (chunk, source name, mode, and environment).
+*/
+#define RESERVEDSLOT 5
+
+
+/*
+** Reader for generic `load' function: `lua_load' uses the
+** stack for internal stuff, so the reader cannot change the
+** stack top. Instead, it keeps its resulting string in a
+** reserved slot inside the stack.
+*/
+static const char *generic_reader (lua_State *L, void *ud, size_t *size) {
+ (void)(ud); /* not used */
+ luaL_checkstack(L, 2, "too many nested functions");
+ lua_pushvalue(L, 1); /* get function */
+ lua_call(L, 0, 1); /* call it */
+ if (lua_isnil(L, -1)) {
+ *size = 0;
+ return NULL;
+ }
+ else if (!lua_isstring(L, -1))
+ luaL_error(L, "reader function must return a string");
+ lua_replace(L, RESERVEDSLOT); /* save string in reserved slot */
+ return lua_tolstring(L, RESERVEDSLOT, size);
+}
+
+
+static int luaB_load (lua_State *L) {
+ int status;
+ size_t l;
+ int top = lua_gettop(L);
+ const char *s = lua_tolstring(L, 1, &l);
+ const char *mode = luaL_optstring(L, 3, "bt");
+ if (s != NULL) { /* loading a string? */
+ const char *chunkname = luaL_optstring(L, 2, s);
+ status = luaL_loadbufferx(L, s, l, chunkname, mode);
+ }
+ else { /* loading from a reader function */
+ const char *chunkname = luaL_optstring(L, 2, "=(load)");
+ luaL_checktype(L, 1, LUA_TFUNCTION);
+ lua_settop(L, RESERVEDSLOT); /* create reserved slot */
+ status = lua_load(L, generic_reader, NULL, chunkname, mode);
+ }
+ if (status == LUA_OK && top >= 4) { /* is there an 'env' argument */
+ lua_pushvalue(L, 4); /* environment for loaded function */
+ lua_setupvalue(L, -2, 1); /* set it as 1st upvalue */
+ }
+ return load_aux(L, status);
+}
+
+/* }====================================================== */
+
+
+static int dofilecont (lua_State *L) {
+ return lua_gettop(L) - 1;
+}
+
+
+static int luaB_dofile (lua_State *L) {
+ const char *fname = luaL_optstring(L, 1, NULL);
+ lua_settop(L, 1);
+ if (luaL_loadfile(L, fname) != LUA_OK) lua_error(L);
+ lua_callk(L, 0, LUA_MULTRET, 0, dofilecont);
+ return dofilecont(L);
+}
+
+
+static int luaB_assert (lua_State *L) {
+ if (!lua_toboolean(L, 1))
+ return luaL_error(L, "%s", luaL_optstring(L, 2, "assertion failed!"));
+ return lua_gettop(L);
+}
+
+
+static int luaB_select (lua_State *L) {
+ int n = lua_gettop(L);
+ if (lua_type(L, 1) == LUA_TSTRING && *lua_tostring(L, 1) == '#') {
+ lua_pushinteger(L, n-1);
+ return 1;
+ }
+ else {
+ int i = luaL_checkint(L, 1);
+ if (i < 0) i = n + i;
+ else if (i > n) i = n;
+ luaL_argcheck(L, 1 <= i, 1, "index out of range");
+ return n - i;
+ }
+}
+
+
+static int finishpcall (lua_State *L, int status) {
+ if (!lua_checkstack(L, 1)) { /* no space for extra boolean? */
+ lua_settop(L, 0); /* create space for return values */
+ lua_pushboolean(L, 0);
+ lua_pushstring(L, "stack overflow");
+ return 2; /* return false, msg */
+ }
+ lua_pushboolean(L, status); /* first result (status) */
+ lua_replace(L, 1); /* put first result in first slot */
+ return lua_gettop(L);
+}
+
+
+static int pcallcont (lua_State *L) {
+ int status = lua_getctx(L, NULL);
+ return finishpcall(L, (status == LUA_YIELD));
+}
+
+
+static int luaB_pcall (lua_State *L) {
+ int status;
+ luaL_checkany(L, 1);
+ lua_pushnil(L);
+ lua_insert(L, 1); /* create space for status result */
+ status = lua_pcallk(L, lua_gettop(L) - 2, LUA_MULTRET, 0, 0, pcallcont);
+ return finishpcall(L, (status == LUA_OK));
+}
+
+
+static int luaB_xpcall (lua_State *L) {
+ int status;
+ int n = lua_gettop(L);
+ luaL_argcheck(L, n >= 2, 2, "value expected");
+ lua_pushvalue(L, 1); /* exchange function... */
+ lua_copy(L, 2, 1); /* ...and error handler */
+ lua_replace(L, 2);
+ status = lua_pcallk(L, n - 2, LUA_MULTRET, 1, 0, pcallcont);
+ return finishpcall(L, (status == LUA_OK));
+}
+
+
+static int luaB_tostring (lua_State *L) {
+ luaL_checkany(L, 1);
+ luaL_tolstring(L, 1, NULL);
+ return 1;
+}
+
+
+static const luaL_Reg base_funcs[] = {
+ {"assert", luaB_assert},
+ {"collectgarbage", luaB_collectgarbage},
+ {"dofile", luaB_dofile},
+ {"error", luaB_error},
+ {"getmetatable", luaB_getmetatable},
+ {"ipairs", luaB_ipairs},
+ {"loadfile", luaB_loadfile},
+ {"load", luaB_load},
+#if defined(LUA_COMPAT_LOADSTRING)
+ {"loadstring", luaB_load},
+#endif
+ {"next", luaB_next},
+ {"pairs", luaB_pairs},
+ {"pcall", luaB_pcall},
+ {"print", luaB_print},
+ {"rawequal", luaB_rawequal},
+ {"rawlen", luaB_rawlen},
+ {"rawget", luaB_rawget},
+ {"rawset", luaB_rawset},
+ {"select", luaB_select},
+ {"setmetatable", luaB_setmetatable},
+ {"tonumber", luaB_tonumber},
+ {"tostring", luaB_tostring},
+ {"type", luaB_type},
+ {"xpcall", luaB_xpcall},
+ {NULL, NULL}
+};
+
+
+LUAMOD_API int luaopen_base (lua_State *L) {
+ /* set global _G */
+ lua_pushglobaltable(L);
+ lua_pushglobaltable(L);
+ lua_setfield(L, -2, "_G");
+ /* open lib into global table */
+ luaL_setfuncs(L, base_funcs, 0);
+ lua_pushliteral(L, LUA_VERSION);
+ lua_setfield(L, -2, "_VERSION"); /* set global _VERSION */
+ return 1;
+}
+
--- /dev/null
+/*
+** $Id: lbitlib.c,v 1.16 2011/06/20 16:35:23 roberto Exp $
+** Standard library for bitwise operations
+** See Copyright Notice in lua.h
+*/
+
+#define lbitlib_c
+#define LUA_LIB
+
+#include "lua.h"
+
+#include "lauxlib.h"
+#include "lualib.h"
+
+
+/* number of bits to consider in a number */
+#if !defined(LUA_NBITS)
+#define LUA_NBITS 32
+#endif
+
+
+#define ALLONES (~(((~(lua_Unsigned)0) << (LUA_NBITS - 1)) << 1))
+
+/* macro to trim extra bits */
+#define trim(x) ((x) & ALLONES)
+
+
+/* builds a number with 'n' ones (1 <= n <= LUA_NBITS) */
+#define mask(n) (~((ALLONES << 1) << ((n) - 1)))
+
+
+typedef lua_Unsigned b_uint;
+
+
+
+static b_uint andaux (lua_State *L) {
+ int i, n = lua_gettop(L);
+ b_uint r = ~(b_uint)0;
+ for (i = 1; i <= n; i++)
+ r &= luaL_checkunsigned(L, i);
+ return trim(r);
+}
+
+
+static int b_and (lua_State *L) {
+ b_uint r = andaux(L);
+ lua_pushunsigned(L, r);
+ return 1;
+}
+
+
+static int b_test (lua_State *L) {
+ b_uint r = andaux(L);
+ lua_pushboolean(L, r != 0);
+ return 1;
+}
+
+
+static int b_or (lua_State *L) {
+ int i, n = lua_gettop(L);
+ b_uint r = 0;
+ for (i = 1; i <= n; i++)
+ r |= luaL_checkunsigned(L, i);
+ lua_pushunsigned(L, trim(r));
+ return 1;
+}
+
+
+static int b_xor (lua_State *L) {
+ int i, n = lua_gettop(L);
+ b_uint r = 0;
+ for (i = 1; i <= n; i++)
+ r ^= luaL_checkunsigned(L, i);
+ lua_pushunsigned(L, trim(r));
+ return 1;
+}
+
+
+static int b_not (lua_State *L) {
+ b_uint r = ~luaL_checkunsigned(L, 1);
+ lua_pushunsigned(L, trim(r));
+ return 1;
+}
+
+
+static int b_shift (lua_State *L, b_uint r, int i) {
+ if (i < 0) { /* shift right? */
+ i = -i;
+ r = trim(r);
+ if (i >= LUA_NBITS) r = 0;
+ else r >>= i;
+ }
+ else { /* shift left */
+ if (i >= LUA_NBITS) r = 0;
+ else r <<= i;
+ r = trim(r);
+ }
+ lua_pushunsigned(L, r);
+ return 1;
+}
+
+
+static int b_lshift (lua_State *L) {
+ return b_shift(L, luaL_checkunsigned(L, 1), luaL_checkint(L, 2));
+}
+
+
+static int b_rshift (lua_State *L) {
+ return b_shift(L, luaL_checkunsigned(L, 1), -luaL_checkint(L, 2));
+}
+
+
+static int b_arshift (lua_State *L) {
+ b_uint r = luaL_checkunsigned(L, 1);
+ int i = luaL_checkint(L, 2);
+ if (i < 0 || !(r & ((b_uint)1 << (LUA_NBITS - 1))))
+ return b_shift(L, r, -i);
+ else { /* arithmetic shift for 'negative' number */
+ if (i >= LUA_NBITS) r = ALLONES;
+ else
+ r = trim((r >> i) | ~(~(b_uint)0 >> i)); /* add signal bit */
+ lua_pushunsigned(L, r);
+ return 1;
+ }
+}
+
+
+static int b_rot (lua_State *L, int i) {
+ b_uint r = luaL_checkunsigned(L, 1);
+ i &= (LUA_NBITS - 1); /* i = i % NBITS */
+ r = trim(r);
+ r = (r << i) | (r >> (LUA_NBITS - i));
+ lua_pushunsigned(L, trim(r));
+ return 1;
+}
+
+
+static int b_lrot (lua_State *L) {
+ return b_rot(L, luaL_checkint(L, 2));
+}
+
+
+static int b_rrot (lua_State *L) {
+ return b_rot(L, -luaL_checkint(L, 2));
+}
+
+
+/*
+** get field and width arguments for field-manipulation functions,
+** checking whether they are valid
+*/
+static int fieldargs (lua_State *L, int farg, int *width) {
+ int f = luaL_checkint(L, farg);
+ int w = luaL_optint(L, farg + 1, 1);
+ luaL_argcheck(L, 0 <= f, farg, "field cannot be negative");
+ luaL_argcheck(L, 0 < w, farg + 1, "width must be positive");
+ if (f + w > LUA_NBITS)
+ luaL_error(L, "trying to access non-existent bits");
+ *width = w;
+ return f;
+}
+
+
+static int b_extract (lua_State *L) {
+ int w;
+ b_uint r = luaL_checkunsigned(L, 1);
+ int f = fieldargs(L, 2, &w);
+ r = (r >> f) & mask(w);
+ lua_pushunsigned(L, r);
+ return 1;
+}
+
+
+static int b_replace (lua_State *L) {
+ int w;
+ b_uint r = luaL_checkunsigned(L, 1);
+ b_uint v = luaL_checkunsigned(L, 2);
+ int f = fieldargs(L, 3, &w);
+ int m = mask(w);
+ v &= m; /* erase bits outside given width */
+ r = (r & ~(m << f)) | (v << f);
+ lua_pushunsigned(L, r);
+ return 1;
+}
+
+
+static const luaL_Reg bitlib[] = {
+ {"arshift", b_arshift},
+ {"band", b_and},
+ {"bnot", b_not},
+ {"bor", b_or},
+ {"bxor", b_xor},
+ {"btest", b_test},
+ {"extract", b_extract},
+ {"lrotate", b_lrot},
+ {"lshift", b_lshift},
+ {"replace", b_replace},
+ {"rrotate", b_rrot},
+ {"rshift", b_rshift},
+ {NULL, NULL}
+};
+
+
+
+LUAMOD_API int luaopen_bit32 (lua_State *L) {
+ luaL_newlib(L, bitlib);
+ return 1;
+}
+
--- /dev/null
+/*
+** $Id: lcode.c,v 2.60 2011/08/30 16:26:41 roberto Exp $
+** Code generator for Lua
+** See Copyright Notice in lua.h
+*/
+
+
+#include <stdlib.h>
+
+#define lcode_c
+#define LUA_CORE
+
+#include "lua.h"
+
+#include "lcode.h"
+#include "ldebug.h"
+#include "ldo.h"
+#include "lgc.h"
+#include "llex.h"
+#include "lmem.h"
+#include "lobject.h"
+#include "lopcodes.h"
+#include "lparser.h"
+#include "lstring.h"
+#include "ltable.h"
+#include "lvm.h"
+
+
+#define hasjumps(e) ((e)->t != (e)->f)
+
+
+static int isnumeral(expdesc *e) {
+ return (e->k == VKNUM && e->t == NO_JUMP && e->f == NO_JUMP);
+}
+
+
+void luaK_nil (FuncState *fs, int from, int n) {
+ Instruction *previous;
+ int l = from + n - 1; /* last register to set nil */
+ if (fs->pc > fs->lasttarget) { /* no jumps to current position? */
+ previous = &fs->f->code[fs->pc-1];
+ if (GET_OPCODE(*previous) == OP_LOADNIL) {
+ int pfrom = GETARG_A(*previous);
+ int pl = pfrom + GETARG_B(*previous);
+ if ((pfrom <= from && from <= pl + 1) ||
+ (from <= pfrom && pfrom <= l + 1)) { /* can connect both? */
+ if (pfrom < from) from = pfrom; /* from = min(from, pfrom) */
+ if (pl > l) l = pl; /* l = max(l, pl) */
+ SETARG_A(*previous, from);
+ SETARG_B(*previous, l - from);
+ return;
+ }
+ } /* else go through */
+ }
+ luaK_codeABC(fs, OP_LOADNIL, from, n - 1, 0); /* else no optimization */
+}
+
+
+int luaK_jump (FuncState *fs) {
+ int jpc = fs->jpc; /* save list of jumps to here */
+ int j;
+ fs->jpc = NO_JUMP;
+ j = luaK_codeAsBx(fs, OP_JMP, 0, NO_JUMP);
+ luaK_concat(fs, &j, jpc); /* keep them on hold */
+ return j;
+}
+
+
+void luaK_ret (FuncState *fs, int first, int nret) {
+ luaK_codeABC(fs, OP_RETURN, first, nret+1, 0);
+}
+
+
+static int condjump (FuncState *fs, OpCode op, int A, int B, int C) {
+ luaK_codeABC(fs, op, A, B, C);
+ return luaK_jump(fs);
+}
+
+
+static void fixjump (FuncState *fs, int pc, int dest) {
+ Instruction *jmp = &fs->f->code[pc];
+ int offset = dest-(pc+1);
+ lua_assert(dest != NO_JUMP);
+ if (abs(offset) > MAXARG_sBx)
+ luaX_syntaxerror(fs->ls, "control structure too long");
+ SETARG_sBx(*jmp, offset);
+}
+
+
+/*
+** returns current `pc' and marks it as a jump target (to avoid wrong
+** optimizations with consecutive instructions not in the same basic block).
+*/
+int luaK_getlabel (FuncState *fs) {
+ fs->lasttarget = fs->pc;
+ return fs->pc;
+}
+
+
+static int getjump (FuncState *fs, int pc) {
+ int offset = GETARG_sBx(fs->f->code[pc]);
+ if (offset == NO_JUMP) /* point to itself represents end of list */
+ return NO_JUMP; /* end of list */
+ else
+ return (pc+1)+offset; /* turn offset into absolute position */
+}
+
+
+static Instruction *getjumpcontrol (FuncState *fs, int pc) {
+ Instruction *pi = &fs->f->code[pc];
+ if (pc >= 1 && testTMode(GET_OPCODE(*(pi-1))))
+ return pi-1;
+ else
+ return pi;
+}
+
+
+/*
+** check whether list has any jump that do not produce a value
+** (or produce an inverted value)
+*/
+static int need_value (FuncState *fs, int list) {
+ for (; list != NO_JUMP; list = getjump(fs, list)) {
+ Instruction i = *getjumpcontrol(fs, list);
+ if (GET_OPCODE(i) != OP_TESTSET) return 1;
+ }
+ return 0; /* not found */
+}
+
+
+static int patchtestreg (FuncState *fs, int node, int reg) {
+ Instruction *i = getjumpcontrol(fs, node);
+ if (GET_OPCODE(*i) != OP_TESTSET)
+ return 0; /* cannot patch other instructions */
+ if (reg != NO_REG && reg != GETARG_B(*i))
+ SETARG_A(*i, reg);
+ else /* no register to put value or register already has the value */
+ *i = CREATE_ABC(OP_TEST, GETARG_B(*i), 0, GETARG_C(*i));
+
+ return 1;
+}
+
+
+static void removevalues (FuncState *fs, int list) {
+ for (; list != NO_JUMP; list = getjump(fs, list))
+ patchtestreg(fs, list, NO_REG);
+}
+
+
+static void patchlistaux (FuncState *fs, int list, int vtarget, int reg,
+ int dtarget) {
+ while (list != NO_JUMP) {
+ int next = getjump(fs, list);
+ if (patchtestreg(fs, list, reg))
+ fixjump(fs, list, vtarget);
+ else
+ fixjump(fs, list, dtarget); /* jump to default target */
+ list = next;
+ }
+}
+
+
+static void dischargejpc (FuncState *fs) {
+ patchlistaux(fs, fs->jpc, fs->pc, NO_REG, fs->pc);
+ fs->jpc = NO_JUMP;
+}
+
+
+void luaK_patchlist (FuncState *fs, int list, int target) {
+ if (target == fs->pc)
+ luaK_patchtohere(fs, list);
+ else {
+ lua_assert(target < fs->pc);
+ patchlistaux(fs, list, target, NO_REG, target);
+ }
+}
+
+
+LUAI_FUNC void luaK_patchclose (FuncState *fs, int list, int level) {
+ level++; /* argument is +1 to reserve 0 as non-op */
+ while (list != NO_JUMP) {
+ int next = getjump(fs, list);
+ lua_assert(GET_OPCODE(fs->f->code[list]) == OP_JMP &&
+ (GETARG_A(fs->f->code[list]) == 0 ||
+ GETARG_A(fs->f->code[list]) >= level));
+ SETARG_A(fs->f->code[list], level);
+ list = next;
+ }
+}
+
+
+void luaK_patchtohere (FuncState *fs, int list) {
+ luaK_getlabel(fs);
+ luaK_concat(fs, &fs->jpc, list);
+}
+
+
+void luaK_concat (FuncState *fs, int *l1, int l2) {
+ if (l2 == NO_JUMP) return;
+ else if (*l1 == NO_JUMP)
+ *l1 = l2;
+ else {
+ int list = *l1;
+ int next;
+ while ((next = getjump(fs, list)) != NO_JUMP) /* find last element */
+ list = next;
+ fixjump(fs, list, l2);
+ }
+}
+
+
+static int luaK_code (FuncState *fs, Instruction i) {
+ Proto *f = fs->f;
+ dischargejpc(fs); /* `pc' will change */
+ /* put new instruction in code array */
+ luaM_growvector(fs->ls->L, f->code, fs->pc, f->sizecode, Instruction,
+ MAX_INT, "opcodes");
+ f->code[fs->pc] = i;
+ /* save corresponding line information */
+ luaM_growvector(fs->ls->L, f->lineinfo, fs->pc, f->sizelineinfo, int,
+ MAX_INT, "opcodes");
+ f->lineinfo[fs->pc] = fs->ls->lastline;
+ return fs->pc++;
+}
+
+
+int luaK_codeABC (FuncState *fs, OpCode o, int a, int b, int c) {
+ lua_assert(getOpMode(o) == iABC);
+ lua_assert(getBMode(o) != OpArgN || b == 0);
+ lua_assert(getCMode(o) != OpArgN || c == 0);
+ lua_assert(a <= MAXARG_A && b <= MAXARG_B && c <= MAXARG_C);
+ return luaK_code(fs, CREATE_ABC(o, a, b, c));
+}
+
+
+int luaK_codeABx (FuncState *fs, OpCode o, int a, unsigned int bc) {
+ lua_assert(getOpMode(o) == iABx || getOpMode(o) == iAsBx);
+ lua_assert(getCMode(o) == OpArgN);
+ lua_assert(a <= MAXARG_A && bc <= MAXARG_Bx);
+ return luaK_code(fs, CREATE_ABx(o, a, bc));
+}
+
+
+static int codeextraarg (FuncState *fs, int a) {
+ lua_assert(a <= MAXARG_Ax);
+ return luaK_code(fs, CREATE_Ax(OP_EXTRAARG, a));
+}
+
+
+int luaK_codek (FuncState *fs, int reg, int k) {
+ if (k <= MAXARG_Bx)
+ return luaK_codeABx(fs, OP_LOADK, reg, k);
+ else {
+ int p = luaK_codeABx(fs, OP_LOADKX, reg, 0);
+ codeextraarg(fs, k);
+ return p;
+ }
+}
+
+
+void luaK_checkstack (FuncState *fs, int n) {
+ int newstack = fs->freereg + n;
+ if (newstack > fs->f->maxstacksize) {
+ if (newstack >= MAXSTACK)
+ luaX_syntaxerror(fs->ls, "function or expression too complex");
+ fs->f->maxstacksize = cast_byte(newstack);
+ }
+}
+
+
+void luaK_reserveregs (FuncState *fs, int n) {
+ luaK_checkstack(fs, n);
+ fs->freereg += n;
+}
+
+
+static void freereg (FuncState *fs, int reg) {
+ if (!ISK(reg) && reg >= fs->nactvar) {
+ fs->freereg--;
+ lua_assert(reg == fs->freereg);
+ }
+}
+
+
+static void freeexp (FuncState *fs, expdesc *e) {
+ if (e->k == VNONRELOC)
+ freereg(fs, e->u.info);
+}
+
+
+static int addk (FuncState *fs, TValue *key, TValue *v) {
+ lua_State *L = fs->ls->L;
+ TValue *idx = luaH_set(L, fs->h, key);
+ Proto *f = fs->f;
+ int k, oldsize;
+ if (ttisnumber(idx)) {
+ lua_Number n = nvalue(idx);
+ lua_number2int(k, n);
+ if (luaV_rawequalobj(&f->k[k], v))
+ return k;
+ /* else may be a collision (e.g., between 0.0 and "\0\0\0\0\0\0\0\0");
+ go through and create a new entry for this value */
+ }
+ /* constant not found; create a new entry */
+ oldsize = f->sizek;
+ k = fs->nk;
+ /* numerical value does not need GC barrier;
+ table has no metatable, so it does not need to invalidate cache */
+ setnvalue(idx, cast_num(k));
+ luaM_growvector(L, f->k, k, f->sizek, TValue, MAXARG_Ax, "constants");
+ while (oldsize < f->sizek) setnilvalue(&f->k[oldsize++]);
+ setobj(L, &f->k[k], v);
+ fs->nk++;
+ luaC_barrier(L, f, v);
+ return k;
+}
+
+
+int luaK_stringK (FuncState *fs, TString *s) {
+ TValue o;
+ setsvalue(fs->ls->L, &o, s);
+ return addk(fs, &o, &o);
+}
+
+
+int luaK_numberK (FuncState *fs, lua_Number r) {
+ int n;
+ lua_State *L = fs->ls->L;
+ TValue o;
+ setnvalue(&o, r);
+ if (r == 0 || luai_numisnan(NULL, r)) { /* handle -0 and NaN */
+ /* use raw representation as key to avoid numeric problems */
+ setsvalue(L, L->top, luaS_newlstr(L, (char *)&r, sizeof(r)));
+ incr_top(L);
+ n = addk(fs, L->top - 1, &o);
+ L->top--;
+ }
+ else
+ n = addk(fs, &o, &o); /* regular case */
+ return n;
+}
+
+
+static int boolK (FuncState *fs, int b) {
+ TValue o;
+ setbvalue(&o, b);
+ return addk(fs, &o, &o);
+}
+
+
+static int nilK (FuncState *fs) {
+ TValue k, v;
+ setnilvalue(&v);
+ /* cannot use nil as key; instead use table itself to represent nil */
+ sethvalue(fs->ls->L, &k, fs->h);
+ return addk(fs, &k, &v);
+}
+
+
+void luaK_setreturns (FuncState *fs, expdesc *e, int nresults) {
+ if (e->k == VCALL) { /* expression is an open function call? */
+ SETARG_C(getcode(fs, e), nresults+1);
+ }
+ else if (e->k == VVARARG) {
+ SETARG_B(getcode(fs, e), nresults+1);
+ SETARG_A(getcode(fs, e), fs->freereg);
+ luaK_reserveregs(fs, 1);
+ }
+}
+
+
+void luaK_setoneret (FuncState *fs, expdesc *e) {
+ if (e->k == VCALL) { /* expression is an open function call? */
+ e->k = VNONRELOC;
+ e->u.info = GETARG_A(getcode(fs, e));
+ }
+ else if (e->k == VVARARG) {
+ SETARG_B(getcode(fs, e), 2);
+ e->k = VRELOCABLE; /* can relocate its simple result */
+ }
+}
+
+
+void luaK_dischargevars (FuncState *fs, expdesc *e) {
+ switch (e->k) {
+ case VLOCAL: {
+ e->k = VNONRELOC;
+ break;
+ }
+ case VUPVAL: {
+ e->u.info = luaK_codeABC(fs, OP_GETUPVAL, 0, e->u.info, 0);
+ e->k = VRELOCABLE;
+ break;
+ }
+ case VINDEXED: {
+ OpCode op = OP_GETTABUP; /* assume 't' is in an upvalue */
+ freereg(fs, e->u.ind.idx);
+ if (e->u.ind.vt == VLOCAL) { /* 't' is in a register? */
+ freereg(fs, e->u.ind.t);
+ op = OP_GETTABLE;
+ }
+ e->u.info = luaK_codeABC(fs, op, 0, e->u.ind.t, e->u.ind.idx);
+ e->k = VRELOCABLE;
+ break;
+ }
+ case VVARARG:
+ case VCALL: {
+ luaK_setoneret(fs, e);
+ break;
+ }
+ default: break; /* there is one value available (somewhere) */
+ }
+}
+
+
+static int code_label (FuncState *fs, int A, int b, int jump) {
+ luaK_getlabel(fs); /* those instructions may be jump targets */
+ return luaK_codeABC(fs, OP_LOADBOOL, A, b, jump);
+}
+
+
+static void discharge2reg (FuncState *fs, expdesc *e, int reg) {
+ luaK_dischargevars(fs, e);
+ switch (e->k) {
+ case VNIL: {
+ luaK_nil(fs, reg, 1);
+ break;
+ }
+ case VFALSE: case VTRUE: {
+ luaK_codeABC(fs, OP_LOADBOOL, reg, e->k == VTRUE, 0);
+ break;
+ }
+ case VK: {
+ luaK_codek(fs, reg, e->u.info);
+ break;
+ }
+ case VKNUM: {
+ luaK_codek(fs, reg, luaK_numberK(fs, e->u.nval));
+ break;
+ }
+ case VRELOCABLE: {
+ Instruction *pc = &getcode(fs, e);
+ SETARG_A(*pc, reg);
+ break;
+ }
+ case VNONRELOC: {
+ if (reg != e->u.info)
+ luaK_codeABC(fs, OP_MOVE, reg, e->u.info, 0);
+ break;
+ }
+ default: {
+ lua_assert(e->k == VVOID || e->k == VJMP);
+ return; /* nothing to do... */
+ }
+ }
+ e->u.info = reg;
+ e->k = VNONRELOC;
+}
+
+
+static void discharge2anyreg (FuncState *fs, expdesc *e) {
+ if (e->k != VNONRELOC) {
+ luaK_reserveregs(fs, 1);
+ discharge2reg(fs, e, fs->freereg-1);
+ }
+}
+
+
+static void exp2reg (FuncState *fs, expdesc *e, int reg) {
+ discharge2reg(fs, e, reg);
+ if (e->k == VJMP)
+ luaK_concat(fs, &e->t, e->u.info); /* put this jump in `t' list */
+ if (hasjumps(e)) {
+ int final; /* position after whole expression */
+ int p_f = NO_JUMP; /* position of an eventual LOAD false */
+ int p_t = NO_JUMP; /* position of an eventual LOAD true */
+ if (need_value(fs, e->t) || need_value(fs, e->f)) {
+ int fj = (e->k == VJMP) ? NO_JUMP : luaK_jump(fs);
+ p_f = code_label(fs, reg, 0, 1);
+ p_t = code_label(fs, reg, 1, 0);
+ luaK_patchtohere(fs, fj);
+ }
+ final = luaK_getlabel(fs);
+ patchlistaux(fs, e->f, final, reg, p_f);
+ patchlistaux(fs, e->t, final, reg, p_t);
+ }
+ e->f = e->t = NO_JUMP;
+ e->u.info = reg;
+ e->k = VNONRELOC;
+}
+
+
+void luaK_exp2nextreg (FuncState *fs, expdesc *e) {
+ luaK_dischargevars(fs, e);
+ freeexp(fs, e);
+ luaK_reserveregs(fs, 1);
+ exp2reg(fs, e, fs->freereg - 1);
+}
+
+
+int luaK_exp2anyreg (FuncState *fs, expdesc *e) {
+ luaK_dischargevars(fs, e);
+ if (e->k == VNONRELOC) {
+ if (!hasjumps(e)) return e->u.info; /* exp is already in a register */
+ if (e->u.info >= fs->nactvar) { /* reg. is not a local? */
+ exp2reg(fs, e, e->u.info); /* put value on it */
+ return e->u.info;
+ }
+ }
+ luaK_exp2nextreg(fs, e); /* default */
+ return e->u.info;
+}
+
+
+void luaK_exp2anyregup (FuncState *fs, expdesc *e) {
+ if (e->k != VUPVAL || hasjumps(e))
+ luaK_exp2anyreg(fs, e);
+}
+
+
+void luaK_exp2val (FuncState *fs, expdesc *e) {
+ if (hasjumps(e))
+ luaK_exp2anyreg(fs, e);
+ else
+ luaK_dischargevars(fs, e);
+}
+
+
+int luaK_exp2RK (FuncState *fs, expdesc *e) {
+ luaK_exp2val(fs, e);
+ switch (e->k) {
+ case VTRUE:
+ case VFALSE:
+ case VNIL: {
+ if (fs->nk <= MAXINDEXRK) { /* constant fits in RK operand? */
+ e->u.info = (e->k == VNIL) ? nilK(fs) : boolK(fs, (e->k == VTRUE));
+ e->k = VK;
+ return RKASK(e->u.info);
+ }
+ else break;
+ }
+ case VKNUM: {
+ e->u.info = luaK_numberK(fs, e->u.nval);
+ e->k = VK;
+ /* go through */
+ }
+ case VK: {
+ if (e->u.info <= MAXINDEXRK) /* constant fits in argC? */
+ return RKASK(e->u.info);
+ else break;
+ }
+ default: break;
+ }
+ /* not a constant in the right range: put it in a register */
+ return luaK_exp2anyreg(fs, e);
+}
+
+
+void luaK_storevar (FuncState *fs, expdesc *var, expdesc *ex) {
+ switch (var->k) {
+ case VLOCAL: {
+ freeexp(fs, ex);
+ exp2reg(fs, ex, var->u.info);
+ return;
+ }
+ case VUPVAL: {
+ int e = luaK_exp2anyreg(fs, ex);
+ luaK_codeABC(fs, OP_SETUPVAL, e, var->u.info, 0);
+ break;
+ }
+ case VINDEXED: {
+ OpCode op = (var->u.ind.vt == VLOCAL) ? OP_SETTABLE : OP_SETTABUP;
+ int e = luaK_exp2RK(fs, ex);
+ luaK_codeABC(fs, op, var->u.ind.t, var->u.ind.idx, e);
+ break;
+ }
+ default: {
+ lua_assert(0); /* invalid var kind to store */
+ break;
+ }
+ }
+ freeexp(fs, ex);
+}
+
+
+void luaK_self (FuncState *fs, expdesc *e, expdesc *key) {
+ int ereg;
+ luaK_exp2anyreg(fs, e);
+ ereg = e->u.info; /* register where 'e' was placed */
+ freeexp(fs, e);
+ e->u.info = fs->freereg; /* base register for op_self */
+ e->k = VNONRELOC;
+ luaK_reserveregs(fs, 2); /* function and 'self' produced by op_self */
+ luaK_codeABC(fs, OP_SELF, e->u.info, ereg, luaK_exp2RK(fs, key));
+ freeexp(fs, key);
+}
+
+
+static void invertjump (FuncState *fs, expdesc *e) {
+ Instruction *pc = getjumpcontrol(fs, e->u.info);
+ lua_assert(testTMode(GET_OPCODE(*pc)) && GET_OPCODE(*pc) != OP_TESTSET &&
+ GET_OPCODE(*pc) != OP_TEST);
+ SETARG_A(*pc, !(GETARG_A(*pc)));
+}
+
+
+static int jumponcond (FuncState *fs, expdesc *e, int cond) {
+ if (e->k == VRELOCABLE) {
+ Instruction ie = getcode(fs, e);
+ if (GET_OPCODE(ie) == OP_NOT) {
+ fs->pc--; /* remove previous OP_NOT */
+ return condjump(fs, OP_TEST, GETARG_B(ie), 0, !cond);
+ }
+ /* else go through */
+ }
+ discharge2anyreg(fs, e);
+ freeexp(fs, e);
+ return condjump(fs, OP_TESTSET, NO_REG, e->u.info, cond);
+}
+
+
+void luaK_goiftrue (FuncState *fs, expdesc *e) {
+ int pc; /* pc of last jump */
+ luaK_dischargevars(fs, e);
+ switch (e->k) {
+ case VJMP: {
+ invertjump(fs, e);
+ pc = e->u.info;
+ break;
+ }
+ case VK: case VKNUM: case VTRUE: {
+ pc = NO_JUMP; /* always true; do nothing */
+ break;
+ }
+ default: {
+ pc = jumponcond(fs, e, 0);
+ break;
+ }
+ }
+ luaK_concat(fs, &e->f, pc); /* insert last jump in `f' list */
+ luaK_patchtohere(fs, e->t);
+ e->t = NO_JUMP;
+}
+
+
+void luaK_goiffalse (FuncState *fs, expdesc *e) {
+ int pc; /* pc of last jump */
+ luaK_dischargevars(fs, e);
+ switch (e->k) {
+ case VJMP: {
+ pc = e->u.info;
+ break;
+ }
+ case VNIL: case VFALSE: {
+ pc = NO_JUMP; /* always false; do nothing */
+ break;
+ }
+ default: {
+ pc = jumponcond(fs, e, 1);
+ break;
+ }
+ }
+ luaK_concat(fs, &e->t, pc); /* insert last jump in `t' list */
+ luaK_patchtohere(fs, e->f);
+ e->f = NO_JUMP;
+}
+
+
+static void codenot (FuncState *fs, expdesc *e) {
+ luaK_dischargevars(fs, e);
+ switch (e->k) {
+ case VNIL: case VFALSE: {
+ e->k = VTRUE;
+ break;
+ }
+ case VK: case VKNUM: case VTRUE: {
+ e->k = VFALSE;
+ break;
+ }
+ case VJMP: {
+ invertjump(fs, e);
+ break;
+ }
+ case VRELOCABLE:
+ case VNONRELOC: {
+ discharge2anyreg(fs, e);
+ freeexp(fs, e);
+ e->u.info = luaK_codeABC(fs, OP_NOT, 0, e->u.info, 0);
+ e->k = VRELOCABLE;
+ break;
+ }
+ default: {
+ lua_assert(0); /* cannot happen */
+ break;
+ }
+ }
+ /* interchange true and false lists */
+ { int temp = e->f; e->f = e->t; e->t = temp; }
+ removevalues(fs, e->f);
+ removevalues(fs, e->t);
+}
+
+
+void luaK_indexed (FuncState *fs, expdesc *t, expdesc *k) {
+ lua_assert(!hasjumps(t));
+ t->u.ind.t = t->u.info;
+ t->u.ind.idx = luaK_exp2RK(fs, k);
+ t->u.ind.vt = (t->k == VUPVAL) ? VUPVAL
+ : check_exp(vkisinreg(t->k), VLOCAL);
+ t->k = VINDEXED;
+}
+
+
+static int constfolding (OpCode op, expdesc *e1, expdesc *e2) {
+ lua_Number r;
+ if (!isnumeral(e1) || !isnumeral(e2)) return 0;
+ if ((op == OP_DIV || op == OP_MOD) && e2->u.nval == 0)
+ return 0; /* do not attempt to divide by 0 */
+ r = luaO_arith(op - OP_ADD + LUA_OPADD, e1->u.nval, e2->u.nval);
+ e1->u.nval = r;
+ return 1;
+}
+
+
+static void codearith (FuncState *fs, OpCode op,
+ expdesc *e1, expdesc *e2, int line) {
+ if (constfolding(op, e1, e2))
+ return;
+ else {
+ int o2 = (op != OP_UNM && op != OP_LEN) ? luaK_exp2RK(fs, e2) : 0;
+ int o1 = luaK_exp2RK(fs, e1);
+ if (o1 > o2) {
+ freeexp(fs, e1);
+ freeexp(fs, e2);
+ }
+ else {
+ freeexp(fs, e2);
+ freeexp(fs, e1);
+ }
+ e1->u.info = luaK_codeABC(fs, op, 0, o1, o2);
+ e1->k = VRELOCABLE;
+ luaK_fixline(fs, line);
+ }
+}
+
+
+static void codecomp (FuncState *fs, OpCode op, int cond, expdesc *e1,
+ expdesc *e2) {
+ int o1 = luaK_exp2RK(fs, e1);
+ int o2 = luaK_exp2RK(fs, e2);
+ freeexp(fs, e2);
+ freeexp(fs, e1);
+ if (cond == 0 && op != OP_EQ) {
+ int temp; /* exchange args to replace by `<' or `<=' */
+ temp = o1; o1 = o2; o2 = temp; /* o1 <==> o2 */
+ cond = 1;
+ }
+ e1->u.info = condjump(fs, op, cond, o1, o2);
+ e1->k = VJMP;
+}
+
+
+void luaK_prefix (FuncState *fs, UnOpr op, expdesc *e, int line) {
+ expdesc e2;
+ e2.t = e2.f = NO_JUMP; e2.k = VKNUM; e2.u.nval = 0;
+ switch (op) {
+ case OPR_MINUS: {
+ if (isnumeral(e)) /* minus constant? */
+ e->u.nval = luai_numunm(NULL, e->u.nval); /* fold it */
+ else {
+ luaK_exp2anyreg(fs, e);
+ codearith(fs, OP_UNM, e, &e2, line);
+ }
+ break;
+ }
+ case OPR_NOT: codenot(fs, e); break;
+ case OPR_LEN: {
+ luaK_exp2anyreg(fs, e); /* cannot operate on constants */
+ codearith(fs, OP_LEN, e, &e2, line);
+ break;
+ }
+ default: lua_assert(0);
+ }
+}
+
+
+void luaK_infix (FuncState *fs, BinOpr op, expdesc *v) {
+ switch (op) {
+ case OPR_AND: {
+ luaK_goiftrue(fs, v);
+ break;
+ }
+ case OPR_OR: {
+ luaK_goiffalse(fs, v);
+ break;
+ }
+ case OPR_CONCAT: {
+ luaK_exp2nextreg(fs, v); /* operand must be on the `stack' */
+ break;
+ }
+ case OPR_ADD: case OPR_SUB: case OPR_MUL: case OPR_DIV:
+ case OPR_MOD: case OPR_POW: {
+ if (!isnumeral(v)) luaK_exp2RK(fs, v);
+ break;
+ }
+ default: {
+ luaK_exp2RK(fs, v);
+ break;
+ }
+ }
+}
+
+
+void luaK_posfix (FuncState *fs, BinOpr op,
+ expdesc *e1, expdesc *e2, int line) {
+ switch (op) {
+ case OPR_AND: {
+ lua_assert(e1->t == NO_JUMP); /* list must be closed */
+ luaK_dischargevars(fs, e2);
+ luaK_concat(fs, &e2->f, e1->f);
+ *e1 = *e2;
+ break;
+ }
+ case OPR_OR: {
+ lua_assert(e1->f == NO_JUMP); /* list must be closed */
+ luaK_dischargevars(fs, e2);
+ luaK_concat(fs, &e2->t, e1->t);
+ *e1 = *e2;
+ break;
+ }
+ case OPR_CONCAT: {
+ luaK_exp2val(fs, e2);
+ if (e2->k == VRELOCABLE && GET_OPCODE(getcode(fs, e2)) == OP_CONCAT) {
+ lua_assert(e1->u.info == GETARG_B(getcode(fs, e2))-1);
+ freeexp(fs, e1);
+ SETARG_B(getcode(fs, e2), e1->u.info);
+ e1->k = VRELOCABLE; e1->u.info = e2->u.info;
+ }
+ else {
+ luaK_exp2nextreg(fs, e2); /* operand must be on the 'stack' */
+ codearith(fs, OP_CONCAT, e1, e2, line);
+ }
+ break;
+ }
+ case OPR_ADD: case OPR_SUB: case OPR_MUL: case OPR_DIV:
+ case OPR_MOD: case OPR_POW: {
+ codearith(fs, cast(OpCode, op - OPR_ADD + OP_ADD), e1, e2, line);
+ break;
+ }
+ case OPR_EQ: case OPR_LT: case OPR_LE: {
+ codecomp(fs, cast(OpCode, op - OPR_EQ + OP_EQ), 1, e1, e2);
+ break;
+ }
+ case OPR_NE: case OPR_GT: case OPR_GE: {
+ codecomp(fs, cast(OpCode, op - OPR_NE + OP_EQ), 0, e1, e2);
+ break;
+ }
+ default: lua_assert(0);
+ }
+}
+
+
+void luaK_fixline (FuncState *fs, int line) {
+ fs->f->lineinfo[fs->pc - 1] = line;
+}
+
+
+void luaK_setlist (FuncState *fs, int base, int nelems, int tostore) {
+ int c = (nelems - 1)/LFIELDS_PER_FLUSH + 1;
+ int b = (tostore == LUA_MULTRET) ? 0 : tostore;
+ lua_assert(tostore != 0);
+ if (c <= MAXARG_C)
+ luaK_codeABC(fs, OP_SETLIST, base, b, c);
+ else if (c <= MAXARG_Ax) {
+ luaK_codeABC(fs, OP_SETLIST, base, b, 0);
+ codeextraarg(fs, c);
+ }
+ else
+ luaX_syntaxerror(fs->ls, "constructor too long");
+ fs->freereg = base + 1; /* free registers with list values */
+}
+
--- /dev/null
+/*
+** $Id: lcode.h,v 1.58 2011/08/30 16:26:41 roberto Exp $
+** Code generator for Lua
+** See Copyright Notice in lua.h
+*/
+
+#ifndef lcode_h
+#define lcode_h
+
+#include "llex.h"
+#include "lobject.h"
+#include "lopcodes.h"
+#include "lparser.h"
+
+
+/*
+** Marks the end of a patch list. It is an invalid value both as an absolute
+** address, and as a list link (would link an element to itself).
+*/
+#define NO_JUMP (-1)
+
+
+/*
+** grep "ORDER OPR" if you change these enums (ORDER OP)
+*/
+typedef enum BinOpr {
+ OPR_ADD, OPR_SUB, OPR_MUL, OPR_DIV, OPR_MOD, OPR_POW,
+ OPR_CONCAT,
+ OPR_EQ, OPR_LT, OPR_LE,
+ OPR_NE, OPR_GT, OPR_GE,
+ OPR_AND, OPR_OR,
+ OPR_NOBINOPR
+} BinOpr;
+
+
+typedef enum UnOpr { OPR_MINUS, OPR_NOT, OPR_LEN, OPR_NOUNOPR } UnOpr;
+
+
+#define getcode(fs,e) ((fs)->f->code[(e)->u.info])
+
+#define luaK_codeAsBx(fs,o,A,sBx) luaK_codeABx(fs,o,A,(sBx)+MAXARG_sBx)
+
+#define luaK_setmultret(fs,e) luaK_setreturns(fs, e, LUA_MULTRET)
+
+#define luaK_jumpto(fs,t) luaK_patchlist(fs, luaK_jump(fs), t)
+
+LUAI_FUNC int luaK_codeABx (FuncState *fs, OpCode o, int A, unsigned int Bx);
+LUAI_FUNC int luaK_codeABC (FuncState *fs, OpCode o, int A, int B, int C);
+LUAI_FUNC int luaK_codek (FuncState *fs, int reg, int k);
+LUAI_FUNC void luaK_fixline (FuncState *fs, int line);
+LUAI_FUNC void luaK_nil (FuncState *fs, int from, int n);
+LUAI_FUNC void luaK_reserveregs (FuncState *fs, int n);
+LUAI_FUNC void luaK_checkstack (FuncState *fs, int n);
+LUAI_FUNC int luaK_stringK (FuncState *fs, TString *s);
+LUAI_FUNC int luaK_numberK (FuncState *fs, lua_Number r);
+LUAI_FUNC void luaK_dischargevars (FuncState *fs, expdesc *e);
+LUAI_FUNC int luaK_exp2anyreg (FuncState *fs, expdesc *e);
+LUAI_FUNC void luaK_exp2anyregup (FuncState *fs, expdesc *e);
+LUAI_FUNC void luaK_exp2nextreg (FuncState *fs, expdesc *e);
+LUAI_FUNC void luaK_exp2val (FuncState *fs, expdesc *e);
+LUAI_FUNC int luaK_exp2RK (FuncState *fs, expdesc *e);
+LUAI_FUNC void luaK_self (FuncState *fs, expdesc *e, expdesc *key);
+LUAI_FUNC void luaK_indexed (FuncState *fs, expdesc *t, expdesc *k);
+LUAI_FUNC void luaK_goiftrue (FuncState *fs, expdesc *e);
+LUAI_FUNC void luaK_goiffalse (FuncState *fs, expdesc *e);
+LUAI_FUNC void luaK_storevar (FuncState *fs, expdesc *var, expdesc *e);
+LUAI_FUNC void luaK_setreturns (FuncState *fs, expdesc *e, int nresults);
+LUAI_FUNC void luaK_setoneret (FuncState *fs, expdesc *e);
+LUAI_FUNC int luaK_jump (FuncState *fs);
+LUAI_FUNC void luaK_ret (FuncState *fs, int first, int nret);
+LUAI_FUNC void luaK_patchlist (FuncState *fs, int list, int target);
+LUAI_FUNC void luaK_patchtohere (FuncState *fs, int list);
+LUAI_FUNC void luaK_patchclose (FuncState *fs, int list, int level);
+LUAI_FUNC void luaK_concat (FuncState *fs, int *l1, int l2);
+LUAI_FUNC int luaK_getlabel (FuncState *fs);
+LUAI_FUNC void luaK_prefix (FuncState *fs, UnOpr op, expdesc *v, int line);
+LUAI_FUNC void luaK_infix (FuncState *fs, BinOpr op, expdesc *v);
+LUAI_FUNC void luaK_posfix (FuncState *fs, BinOpr op, expdesc *v1,
+ expdesc *v2, int line);
+LUAI_FUNC void luaK_setlist (FuncState *fs, int base, int nelems, int tostore);
+
+
+#endif
--- /dev/null
+/*
+** $Id: lcorolib.c,v 1.3 2011/08/23 17:24:34 roberto Exp $
+** Coroutine Library
+** See Copyright Notice in lua.h
+*/
+
+
+#include <stdlib.h>
+
+
+#define lcorolib_c
+#define LUA_LIB
+
+#include "lua.h"
+
+#include "lauxlib.h"
+#include "lualib.h"
+
+
+static int auxresume (lua_State *L, lua_State *co, int narg) {
+ int status;
+ if (!lua_checkstack(co, narg)) {
+ lua_pushliteral(L, "too many arguments to resume");
+ return -1; /* error flag */
+ }
+ if (lua_status(co) == LUA_OK && lua_gettop(co) == 0) {
+ lua_pushliteral(L, "cannot resume dead coroutine");
+ return -1; /* error flag */
+ }
+ lua_xmove(L, co, narg);
+ status = lua_resume(co, L, narg);
+ if (status == LUA_OK || status == LUA_YIELD) {
+ int nres = lua_gettop(co);
+ if (!lua_checkstack(L, nres + 1)) {
+ lua_pop(co, nres); /* remove results anyway */
+ lua_pushliteral(L, "too many results to resume");
+ return -1; /* error flag */
+ }
+ lua_xmove(co, L, nres); /* move yielded values */
+ return nres;
+ }
+ else {
+ lua_xmove(co, L, 1); /* move error message */
+ return -1; /* error flag */
+ }
+}
+
+
+static int luaB_coresume (lua_State *L) {
+ lua_State *co = lua_tothread(L, 1);
+ int r;
+ luaL_argcheck(L, co, 1, "coroutine expected");
+ r = auxresume(L, co, lua_gettop(L) - 1);
+ if (r < 0) {
+ lua_pushboolean(L, 0);
+ lua_insert(L, -2);
+ return 2; /* return false + error message */
+ }
+ else {
+ lua_pushboolean(L, 1);
+ lua_insert(L, -(r + 1));
+ return r + 1; /* return true + `resume' returns */
+ }
+}
+
+
+static int luaB_auxwrap (lua_State *L) {
+ lua_State *co = lua_tothread(L, lua_upvalueindex(1));
+ int r = auxresume(L, co, lua_gettop(L));
+ if (r < 0) {
+ if (lua_isstring(L, -1)) { /* error object is a string? */
+ luaL_where(L, 1); /* add extra info */
+ lua_insert(L, -2);
+ lua_concat(L, 2);
+ }
+ lua_error(L); /* propagate error */
+ }
+ return r;
+}
+
+
+static int luaB_cocreate (lua_State *L) {
+ lua_State *NL = lua_newthread(L);
+ luaL_checktype(L, 1, LUA_TFUNCTION);
+ lua_pushvalue(L, 1); /* move function to top */
+ lua_xmove(L, NL, 1); /* move function from L to NL */
+ return 1;
+}
+
+
+static int luaB_cowrap (lua_State *L) {
+ luaB_cocreate(L);
+ lua_pushcclosure(L, luaB_auxwrap, 1);
+ return 1;
+}
+
+
+static int luaB_yield (lua_State *L) {
+ return lua_yield(L, lua_gettop(L));
+}
+
+
+static int luaB_costatus (lua_State *L) {
+ lua_State *co = lua_tothread(L, 1);
+ luaL_argcheck(L, co, 1, "coroutine expected");
+ if (L == co) lua_pushliteral(L, "running");
+ else {
+ switch (lua_status(co)) {
+ case LUA_YIELD:
+ lua_pushliteral(L, "suspended");
+ break;
+ case LUA_OK: {
+ lua_Debug ar;
+ if (lua_getstack(co, 0, &ar) > 0) /* does it have frames? */
+ lua_pushliteral(L, "normal"); /* it is running */
+ else if (lua_gettop(co) == 0)
+ lua_pushliteral(L, "dead");
+ else
+ lua_pushliteral(L, "suspended"); /* initial state */
+ break;
+ }
+ default: /* some error occurred */
+ lua_pushliteral(L, "dead");
+ break;
+ }
+ }
+ return 1;
+}
+
+
+static int luaB_corunning (lua_State *L) {
+ int ismain = lua_pushthread(L);
+ lua_pushboolean(L, ismain);
+ return 2;
+}
+
+
+static const luaL_Reg co_funcs[] = {
+ {"create", luaB_cocreate},
+ {"resume", luaB_coresume},
+ {"running", luaB_corunning},
+ {"status", luaB_costatus},
+ {"wrap", luaB_cowrap},
+ {"yield", luaB_yield},
+ {NULL, NULL}
+};
+
+
+
+LUAMOD_API int luaopen_coroutine (lua_State *L) {
+ luaL_newlib(L, co_funcs);
+ return 1;
+}
+
--- /dev/null
+/*
+** $Id: lctype.c,v 1.11 2011/10/03 16:19:23 roberto Exp $
+** 'ctype' functions for Lua
+** See Copyright Notice in lua.h
+*/
+
+#define lctype_c
+#define LUA_CORE
+
+#include "lctype.h"
+
+#if !LUA_USE_CTYPE /* { */
+
+#include <limits.h>
+
+LUAI_DDEF const lu_byte luai_ctype_[UCHAR_MAX + 2] = {
+ 0x00, /* EOZ */
+ 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, /* 0. */
+ 0x00, 0x08, 0x08, 0x08, 0x08, 0x08, 0x00, 0x00,
+ 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, /* 1. */
+ 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00,
+ 0x0c, 0x04, 0x04, 0x04, 0x04, 0x04, 0x04, 0x04, /* 2. */
+ 0x04, 0x04, 0x04, 0x04, 0x04, 0x04, 0x04, 0x04,
+ 0x16, 0x16, 0x16, 0x16, 0x16, 0x16, 0x16, 0x16, /* 3. */
+ 0x16, 0x16, 0x04, 0x04, 0x04, 0x04, 0x04, 0x04,
+ 0x04, 0x15, 0x15, 0x15, 0x15, 0x15, 0x15, 0x05, /* 4. */
+ 0x05, 0x05, 0x05, 0x05, 0x05, 0x05, 0x05, 0x05,
+ 0x05, 0x05, 0x05, 0x05, 0x05, 0x05, 0x05, 0x05, /* 5. */
+ 0x05, 0x05, 0x05, 0x04, 0x04, 0x04, 0x04, 0x05,
+ 0x04, 0x15, 0x15, 0x15, 0x15, 0x15, 0x15, 0x05, /* 6. */
+ 0x05, 0x05, 0x05, 0x05, 0x05, 0x05, 0x05, 0x05,
+ 0x05, 0x05, 0x05, 0x05, 0x05, 0x05, 0x05, 0x05, /* 7. */
+ 0x05, 0x05, 0x05, 0x04, 0x04, 0x04, 0x04, 0x00,
+ 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, /* 8. */
+ 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00,
+ 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, /* 9. */
+ 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00,
+ 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, /* a. */
+ 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00,
+ 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, /* b. */
+ 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00,
+ 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, /* c. */
+ 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00,
+ 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, /* d. */
+ 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00,
+ 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, /* e. */
+ 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00,
+ 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, /* f. */
+ 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00,
+};
+
+#endif /* } */
--- /dev/null
+/*
+** $Id: lctype.h,v 1.12 2011/07/15 12:50:29 roberto Exp $
+** 'ctype' functions for Lua
+** See Copyright Notice in lua.h
+*/
+
+#ifndef lctype_h
+#define lctype_h
+
+#include "lua.h"
+
+
+/*
+** WARNING: the functions defined here do not necessarily correspond
+** to the similar functions in the standard C ctype.h. They are
+** optimized for the specific needs of Lua
+*/
+
+#if !defined(LUA_USE_CTYPE)
+
+#if 'A' == 65 && '0' == 48
+/* ASCII case: can use its own tables; faster and fixed */
+#define LUA_USE_CTYPE 0
+#else
+/* must use standard C ctype */
+#define LUA_USE_CTYPE 1
+#endif
+
+#endif
+
+
+#if !LUA_USE_CTYPE /* { */
+
+#include <limits.h>
+
+#include "llimits.h"
+
+
+#define ALPHABIT 0
+#define DIGITBIT 1
+#define PRINTBIT 2
+#define SPACEBIT 3
+#define XDIGITBIT 4
+
+
+#define MASK(B) (1 << (B))
+
+
+/*
+** add 1 to char to allow index -1 (EOZ)
+*/
+#define testprop(c,p) (luai_ctype_[(c)+1] & (p))
+
+/*
+** 'lalpha' (Lua alphabetic) and 'lalnum' (Lua alphanumeric) both include '_'
+*/
+#define lislalpha(c) testprop(c, MASK(ALPHABIT))
+#define lislalnum(c) testprop(c, (MASK(ALPHABIT) | MASK(DIGITBIT)))
+#define lisdigit(c) testprop(c, MASK(DIGITBIT))
+#define lisspace(c) testprop(c, MASK(SPACEBIT))
+#define lisprint(c) testprop(c, MASK(PRINTBIT))
+#define lisxdigit(c) testprop(c, MASK(XDIGITBIT))
+
+/*
+** this 'ltolower' only works for alphabetic characters
+*/
+#define ltolower(c) ((c) | ('A' ^ 'a'))
+
+
+/* two more entries for 0 and -1 (EOZ) */
+LUAI_DDEC const lu_byte luai_ctype_[UCHAR_MAX + 2];
+
+
+#else /* }{ */
+
+/*
+** use standard C ctypes
+*/
+
+#include <ctype.h>
+
+
+#define lislalpha(c) (isalpha(c) || (c) == '_')
+#define lislalnum(c) (isalnum(c) || (c) == '_')
+#define lisdigit(c) (isdigit(c))
+#define lisspace(c) (isspace(c))
+#define lisprint(c) (isprint(c))
+#define lisxdigit(c) (isxdigit(c))
+
+#define ltolower(c) (tolower(c))
+
+#endif /* } */
+
+#endif
+
--- /dev/null
+/*
+** $Id: ldblib.c,v 1.131 2011/10/24 14:54:05 roberto Exp $
+** Interface from Lua to its debug API
+** See Copyright Notice in lua.h
+*/
+
+
+#include <stdio.h>
+#include <stdlib.h>
+#include <string.h>
+
+#define ldblib_c
+#define LUA_LIB
+
+#include "lua.h"
+
+#include "lauxlib.h"
+#include "lualib.h"
+
+
+#define HOOKKEY "_HKEY"
+
+
+
+static int db_getregistry (lua_State *L) {
+ lua_pushvalue(L, LUA_REGISTRYINDEX);
+ return 1;
+}
+
+
+static int db_getmetatable (lua_State *L) {
+ luaL_checkany(L, 1);
+ if (!lua_getmetatable(L, 1)) {
+ lua_pushnil(L); /* no metatable */
+ }
+ return 1;
+}
+
+
+static int db_setmetatable (lua_State *L) {
+ int t = lua_type(L, 2);
+ luaL_argcheck(L, t == LUA_TNIL || t == LUA_TTABLE, 2,
+ "nil or table expected");
+ lua_settop(L, 2);
+ lua_setmetatable(L, 1);
+ return 1; /* return 1st argument */
+}
+
+
+static int db_getuservalue (lua_State *L) {
+ if (lua_type(L, 1) != LUA_TUSERDATA)
+ lua_pushnil(L);
+ else
+ lua_getuservalue(L, 1);
+ return 1;
+}
+
+
+static int db_setuservalue (lua_State *L) {
+ if (lua_type(L, 1) == LUA_TLIGHTUSERDATA)
+ luaL_argerror(L, 1, "full userdata expected, got light userdata");
+ luaL_checktype(L, 1, LUA_TUSERDATA);
+ if (!lua_isnoneornil(L, 2))
+ luaL_checktype(L, 2, LUA_TTABLE);
+ lua_settop(L, 2);
+ lua_setuservalue(L, 1);
+ return 1;
+}
+
+
+static void settabss (lua_State *L, const char *i, const char *v) {
+ lua_pushstring(L, v);
+ lua_setfield(L, -2, i);
+}
+
+
+static void settabsi (lua_State *L, const char *i, int v) {
+ lua_pushinteger(L, v);
+ lua_setfield(L, -2, i);
+}
+
+
+static void settabsb (lua_State *L, const char *i, int v) {
+ lua_pushboolean(L, v);
+ lua_setfield(L, -2, i);
+}
+
+
+static lua_State *getthread (lua_State *L, int *arg) {
+ if (lua_isthread(L, 1)) {
+ *arg = 1;
+ return lua_tothread(L, 1);
+ }
+ else {
+ *arg = 0;
+ return L;
+ }
+}
+
+
+static void treatstackoption (lua_State *L, lua_State *L1, const char *fname) {
+ if (L == L1) {
+ lua_pushvalue(L, -2);
+ lua_remove(L, -3);
+ }
+ else
+ lua_xmove(L1, L, 1);
+ lua_setfield(L, -2, fname);
+}
+
+
+static int db_getinfo (lua_State *L) {
+ lua_Debug ar;
+ int arg;
+ lua_State *L1 = getthread(L, &arg);
+ const char *options = luaL_optstring(L, arg+2, "flnStu");
+ if (lua_isnumber(L, arg+1)) {
+ if (!lua_getstack(L1, (int)lua_tointeger(L, arg+1), &ar)) {
+ lua_pushnil(L); /* level out of range */
+ return 1;
+ }
+ }
+ else if (lua_isfunction(L, arg+1)) {
+ lua_pushfstring(L, ">%s", options);
+ options = lua_tostring(L, -1);
+ lua_pushvalue(L, arg+1);
+ lua_xmove(L, L1, 1);
+ }
+ else
+ return luaL_argerror(L, arg+1, "function or level expected");
+ if (!lua_getinfo(L1, options, &ar))
+ return luaL_argerror(L, arg+2, "invalid option");
+ lua_createtable(L, 0, 2);
+ if (strchr(options, 'S')) {
+ settabss(L, "source", ar.source);
+ settabss(L, "short_src", ar.short_src);
+ settabsi(L, "linedefined", ar.linedefined);
+ settabsi(L, "lastlinedefined", ar.lastlinedefined);
+ settabss(L, "what", ar.what);
+ }
+ if (strchr(options, 'l'))
+ settabsi(L, "currentline", ar.currentline);
+ if (strchr(options, 'u')) {
+ settabsi(L, "nups", ar.nups);
+ settabsi(L, "nparams", ar.nparams);
+ settabsb(L, "isvararg", ar.isvararg);
+ }
+ if (strchr(options, 'n')) {
+ settabss(L, "name", ar.name);
+ settabss(L, "namewhat", ar.namewhat);
+ }
+ if (strchr(options, 't'))
+ settabsb(L, "istailcall", ar.istailcall);
+ if (strchr(options, 'L'))
+ treatstackoption(L, L1, "activelines");
+ if (strchr(options, 'f'))
+ treatstackoption(L, L1, "func");
+ return 1; /* return table */
+}
+
+
+static int db_getlocal (lua_State *L) {
+ int arg;
+ lua_State *L1 = getthread(L, &arg);
+ lua_Debug ar;
+ const char *name;
+ int nvar = luaL_checkint(L, arg+2); /* local-variable index */
+ if (lua_isfunction(L, arg + 1)) { /* function argument? */
+ lua_pushvalue(L, arg + 1); /* push function */
+ lua_pushstring(L, lua_getlocal(L, NULL, nvar)); /* push local name */
+ return 1;
+ }
+ else { /* stack-level argument */
+ if (!lua_getstack(L1, luaL_checkint(L, arg+1), &ar)) /* out of range? */
+ return luaL_argerror(L, arg+1, "level out of range");
+ name = lua_getlocal(L1, &ar, nvar);
+ if (name) {
+ lua_xmove(L1, L, 1); /* push local value */
+ lua_pushstring(L, name); /* push name */
+ lua_pushvalue(L, -2); /* re-order */
+ return 2;
+ }
+ else {
+ lua_pushnil(L); /* no name (nor value) */
+ return 1;
+ }
+ }
+}
+
+
+static int db_setlocal (lua_State *L) {
+ int arg;
+ lua_State *L1 = getthread(L, &arg);
+ lua_Debug ar;
+ if (!lua_getstack(L1, luaL_checkint(L, arg+1), &ar)) /* out of range? */
+ return luaL_argerror(L, arg+1, "level out of range");
+ luaL_checkany(L, arg+3);
+ lua_settop(L, arg+3);
+ lua_xmove(L, L1, 1);
+ lua_pushstring(L, lua_setlocal(L1, &ar, luaL_checkint(L, arg+2)));
+ return 1;
+}
+
+
+static int auxupvalue (lua_State *L, int get) {
+ const char *name;
+ int n = luaL_checkint(L, 2);
+ luaL_checktype(L, 1, LUA_TFUNCTION);
+ name = get ? lua_getupvalue(L, 1, n) : lua_setupvalue(L, 1, n);
+ if (name == NULL) return 0;
+ lua_pushstring(L, name);
+ lua_insert(L, -(get+1));
+ return get + 1;
+}
+
+
+static int db_getupvalue (lua_State *L) {
+ return auxupvalue(L, 1);
+}
+
+
+static int db_setupvalue (lua_State *L) {
+ luaL_checkany(L, 3);
+ return auxupvalue(L, 0);
+}
+
+
+static int checkupval (lua_State *L, int argf, int argnup) {
+ lua_Debug ar;
+ int nup = luaL_checkint(L, argnup);
+ luaL_checktype(L, argf, LUA_TFUNCTION);
+ lua_pushvalue(L, argf);
+ lua_getinfo(L, ">u", &ar);
+ luaL_argcheck(L, 1 <= nup && nup <= ar.nups, argnup, "invalid upvalue index");
+ return nup;
+}
+
+
+static int db_upvalueid (lua_State *L) {
+ int n = checkupval(L, 1, 2);
+ lua_pushlightuserdata(L, lua_upvalueid(L, 1, n));
+ return 1;
+}
+
+
+static int db_upvaluejoin (lua_State *L) {
+ int n1 = checkupval(L, 1, 2);
+ int n2 = checkupval(L, 3, 4);
+ luaL_argcheck(L, !lua_iscfunction(L, 1), 1, "Lua function expected");
+ luaL_argcheck(L, !lua_iscfunction(L, 3), 3, "Lua function expected");
+ lua_upvaluejoin(L, 1, n1, 3, n2);
+ return 0;
+}
+
+
+#define gethooktable(L) luaL_getsubtable(L, LUA_REGISTRYINDEX, HOOKKEY);
+
+
+static void hookf (lua_State *L, lua_Debug *ar) {
+ static const char *const hooknames[] =
+ {"call", "return", "line", "count", "tail call"};
+ gethooktable(L);
+ lua_rawgetp(L, -1, L);
+ if (lua_isfunction(L, -1)) {
+ lua_pushstring(L, hooknames[(int)ar->event]);
+ if (ar->currentline >= 0)
+ lua_pushinteger(L, ar->currentline);
+ else lua_pushnil(L);
+ lua_assert(lua_getinfo(L, "lS", ar));
+ lua_call(L, 2, 0);
+ }
+}
+
+
+static int makemask (const char *smask, int count) {
+ int mask = 0;
+ if (strchr(smask, 'c')) mask |= LUA_MASKCALL;
+ if (strchr(smask, 'r')) mask |= LUA_MASKRET;
+ if (strchr(smask, 'l')) mask |= LUA_MASKLINE;
+ if (count > 0) mask |= LUA_MASKCOUNT;
+ return mask;
+}
+
+
+static char *unmakemask (int mask, char *smask) {
+ int i = 0;
+ if (mask & LUA_MASKCALL) smask[i++] = 'c';
+ if (mask & LUA_MASKRET) smask[i++] = 'r';
+ if (mask & LUA_MASKLINE) smask[i++] = 'l';
+ smask[i] = '\0';
+ return smask;
+}
+
+
+static int db_sethook (lua_State *L) {
+ int arg, mask, count;
+ lua_Hook func;
+ lua_State *L1 = getthread(L, &arg);
+ if (lua_isnoneornil(L, arg+1)) {
+ lua_settop(L, arg+1);
+ func = NULL; mask = 0; count = 0; /* turn off hooks */
+ }
+ else {
+ const char *smask = luaL_checkstring(L, arg+2);
+ luaL_checktype(L, arg+1, LUA_TFUNCTION);
+ count = luaL_optint(L, arg+3, 0);
+ func = hookf; mask = makemask(smask, count);
+ }
+ gethooktable(L);
+ lua_pushvalue(L, arg+1);
+ lua_rawsetp(L, -2, L1); /* set new hook */
+ lua_pop(L, 1); /* remove hook table */
+ lua_sethook(L1, func, mask, count); /* set hooks */
+ return 0;
+}
+
+
+static int db_gethook (lua_State *L) {
+ int arg;
+ lua_State *L1 = getthread(L, &arg);
+ char buff[5];
+ int mask = lua_gethookmask(L1);
+ lua_Hook hook = lua_gethook(L1);
+ if (hook != NULL && hook != hookf) /* external hook? */
+ lua_pushliteral(L, "external hook");
+ else {
+ gethooktable(L);
+ lua_rawgetp(L, -1, L1); /* get hook */
+ lua_remove(L, -2); /* remove hook table */
+ }
+ lua_pushstring(L, unmakemask(mask, buff));
+ lua_pushinteger(L, lua_gethookcount(L1));
+ return 3;
+}
+
+
+static int db_debug (lua_State *L) {
+ for (;;) {
+ char buffer[250];
+ luai_writestringerror("%s", "lua_debug> ");
+ if (fgets(buffer, sizeof(buffer), stdin) == 0 ||
+ strcmp(buffer, "cont\n") == 0)
+ return 0;
+ if (luaL_loadbuffer(L, buffer, strlen(buffer), "=(debug command)") ||
+ lua_pcall(L, 0, 0, 0))
+ luai_writestringerror("%s\n", lua_tostring(L, -1));
+ lua_settop(L, 0); /* remove eventual returns */
+ }
+}
+
+
+static int db_traceback (lua_State *L) {
+ int arg;
+ lua_State *L1 = getthread(L, &arg);
+ const char *msg = lua_tostring(L, arg + 1);
+ if (msg == NULL && !lua_isnoneornil(L, arg + 1)) /* non-string 'msg'? */
+ lua_pushvalue(L, arg + 1); /* return it untouched */
+ else {
+ int level = luaL_optint(L, arg + 2, (L == L1) ? 1 : 0);
+ luaL_traceback(L, L1, msg, level);
+ }
+ return 1;
+}
+
+
+static const luaL_Reg dblib[] = {
+ {"debug", db_debug},
+ {"getuservalue", db_getuservalue},
+ {"gethook", db_gethook},
+ {"getinfo", db_getinfo},
+ {"getlocal", db_getlocal},
+ {"getregistry", db_getregistry},
+ {"getmetatable", db_getmetatable},
+ {"getupvalue", db_getupvalue},
+ {"upvaluejoin", db_upvaluejoin},
+ {"upvalueid", db_upvalueid},
+ {"setuservalue", db_setuservalue},
+ {"sethook", db_sethook},
+ {"setlocal", db_setlocal},
+ {"setmetatable", db_setmetatable},
+ {"setupvalue", db_setupvalue},
+ {"traceback", db_traceback},
+ {NULL, NULL}
+};
+
+
+LUAMOD_API int luaopen_debug (lua_State *L) {
+ luaL_newlib(L, dblib);
+ return 1;
+}
+
--- /dev/null
+/*
+** $Id: ldebug.c,v 2.88 2011/11/30 12:43:51 roberto Exp $
+** Debug Interface
+** See Copyright Notice in lua.h
+*/
+
+
+#include <stdarg.h>
+#include <stddef.h>
+#include <string.h>
+
+
+#define ldebug_c
+#define LUA_CORE
+
+#include "lua.h"
+
+#include "lapi.h"
+#include "lcode.h"
+#include "ldebug.h"
+#include "ldo.h"
+#include "lfunc.h"
+#include "lobject.h"
+#include "lopcodes.h"
+#include "lstate.h"
+#include "lstring.h"
+#include "ltable.h"
+#include "ltm.h"
+#include "lvm.h"
+
+
+
+static const char *getfuncname (lua_State *L, CallInfo *ci, const char **name);
+
+
+static int currentpc (CallInfo *ci) {
+ lua_assert(isLua(ci));
+ return pcRel(ci->u.l.savedpc, ci_func(ci)->p);
+}
+
+
+static int currentline (CallInfo *ci) {
+ return getfuncline(ci_func(ci)->p, currentpc(ci));
+}
+
+
+/*
+** this function can be called asynchronous (e.g. during a signal)
+*/
+LUA_API int lua_sethook (lua_State *L, lua_Hook func, int mask, int count) {
+ if (func == NULL || mask == 0) { /* turn off hooks? */
+ mask = 0;
+ func = NULL;
+ }
+ if (isLua(L->ci))
+ L->oldpc = L->ci->u.l.savedpc;
+ L->hook = func;
+ L->basehookcount = count;
+ resethookcount(L);
+ L->hookmask = cast_byte(mask);
+ return 1;
+}
+
+
+LUA_API lua_Hook lua_gethook (lua_State *L) {
+ return L->hook;
+}
+
+
+LUA_API int lua_gethookmask (lua_State *L) {
+ return L->hookmask;
+}
+
+
+LUA_API int lua_gethookcount (lua_State *L) {
+ return L->basehookcount;
+}
+
+
+LUA_API int lua_getstack (lua_State *L, int level, lua_Debug *ar) {
+ int status;
+ CallInfo *ci;
+ if (level < 0) return 0; /* invalid (negative) level */
+ lua_lock(L);
+ for (ci = L->ci; level > 0 && ci != &L->base_ci; ci = ci->previous)
+ level--;
+ if (level == 0 && ci != &L->base_ci) { /* level found? */
+ status = 1;
+ ar->i_ci = ci;
+ }
+ else status = 0; /* no such level */
+ lua_unlock(L);
+ return status;
+}
+
+
+static const char *upvalname (Proto *p, int uv) {
+ TString *s = check_exp(uv < p->sizeupvalues, p->upvalues[uv].name);
+ if (s == NULL) return "?";
+ else return getstr(s);
+}
+
+
+static const char *findvararg (CallInfo *ci, int n, StkId *pos) {
+ int nparams = clLvalue(ci->func)->p->numparams;
+ if (n >= ci->u.l.base - ci->func - nparams)
+ return NULL; /* no such vararg */
+ else {
+ *pos = ci->func + nparams + n;
+ return "(*vararg)"; /* generic name for any vararg */
+ }
+}
+
+
+static const char *findlocal (lua_State *L, CallInfo *ci, int n,
+ StkId *pos) {
+ const char *name = NULL;
+ StkId base;
+ if (isLua(ci)) {
+ if (n < 0) /* access to vararg values? */
+ return findvararg(ci, -n, pos);
+ else {
+ base = ci->u.l.base;
+ name = luaF_getlocalname(ci_func(ci)->p, n, currentpc(ci));
+ }
+ }
+ else
+ base = ci->func + 1;
+ if (name == NULL) { /* no 'standard' name? */
+ StkId limit = (ci == L->ci) ? L->top : ci->next->func;
+ if (limit - base >= n && n > 0) /* is 'n' inside 'ci' stack? */
+ name = "(*temporary)"; /* generic name for any valid slot */
+ else
+ return NULL; /* no name */
+ }
+ *pos = base + (n - 1);
+ return name;
+}
+
+
+LUA_API const char *lua_getlocal (lua_State *L, const lua_Debug *ar, int n) {
+ const char *name;
+ lua_lock(L);
+ if (ar == NULL) { /* information about non-active function? */
+ if (!isLfunction(L->top - 1)) /* not a Lua function? */
+ name = NULL;
+ else /* consider live variables at function start (parameters) */
+ name = luaF_getlocalname(clLvalue(L->top - 1)->p, n, 0);
+ }
+ else { /* active function; get information through 'ar' */
+ StkId pos = 0; /* to avoid warnings */
+ name = findlocal(L, ar->i_ci, n, &pos);
+ if (name) {
+ setobj2s(L, L->top, pos);
+ api_incr_top(L);
+ }
+ }
+ lua_unlock(L);
+ return name;
+}
+
+
+LUA_API const char *lua_setlocal (lua_State *L, const lua_Debug *ar, int n) {
+ StkId pos = 0; /* to avoid warnings */
+ const char *name = findlocal(L, ar->i_ci, n, &pos);
+ lua_lock(L);
+ if (name)
+ setobjs2s(L, pos, L->top - 1);
+ L->top--; /* pop value */
+ lua_unlock(L);
+ return name;
+}
+
+
+static void funcinfo (lua_Debug *ar, Closure *cl) {
+ if (cl == NULL || cl->c.isC) {
+ ar->source = "=[C]";
+ ar->linedefined = -1;
+ ar->lastlinedefined = -1;
+ ar->what = "C";
+ }
+ else {
+ Proto *p = cl->l.p;
+ ar->source = p->source ? getstr(p->source) : "=?";
+ ar->linedefined = p->linedefined;
+ ar->lastlinedefined = p->lastlinedefined;
+ ar->what = (ar->linedefined == 0) ? "main" : "Lua";
+ }
+ luaO_chunkid(ar->short_src, ar->source, LUA_IDSIZE);
+}
+
+
+static void collectvalidlines (lua_State *L, Closure *f) {
+ if (f == NULL || f->c.isC) {
+ setnilvalue(L->top);
+ incr_top(L);
+ }
+ else {
+ int i;
+ TValue v;
+ int *lineinfo = f->l.p->lineinfo;
+ Table *t = luaH_new(L); /* new table to store active lines */
+ sethvalue(L, L->top, t); /* push it on stack */
+ incr_top(L);
+ setbvalue(&v, 1); /* boolean 'true' to be the value of all indices */
+ for (i = 0; i < f->l.p->sizelineinfo; i++) /* for all lines with code */
+ luaH_setint(L, t, lineinfo[i], &v); /* table[line] = true */
+ }
+}
+
+
+static int auxgetinfo (lua_State *L, const char *what, lua_Debug *ar,
+ Closure *f, CallInfo *ci) {
+ int status = 1;
+ for (; *what; what++) {
+ switch (*what) {
+ case 'S': {
+ funcinfo(ar, f);
+ break;
+ }
+ case 'l': {
+ ar->currentline = (ci && isLua(ci)) ? currentline(ci) : -1;
+ break;
+ }
+ case 'u': {
+ ar->nups = (f == NULL) ? 0 : f->c.nupvalues;
+ if (f == NULL || f->c.isC) {
+ ar->isvararg = 1;
+ ar->nparams = 0;
+ }
+ else {
+ ar->isvararg = f->l.p->is_vararg;
+ ar->nparams = f->l.p->numparams;
+ }
+ break;
+ }
+ case 't': {
+ ar->istailcall = (ci) ? ci->callstatus & CIST_TAIL : 0;
+ break;
+ }
+ case 'n': {
+ /* calling function is a known Lua function? */
+ if (ci && !(ci->callstatus & CIST_TAIL) && isLua(ci->previous))
+ ar->namewhat = getfuncname(L, ci->previous, &ar->name);
+ else
+ ar->namewhat = NULL;
+ if (ar->namewhat == NULL) {
+ ar->namewhat = ""; /* not found */
+ ar->name = NULL;
+ }
+ break;
+ }
+ case 'L':
+ case 'f': /* handled by lua_getinfo */
+ break;
+ default: status = 0; /* invalid option */
+ }
+ }
+ return status;
+}
+
+
+LUA_API int lua_getinfo (lua_State *L, const char *what, lua_Debug *ar) {
+ int status;
+ Closure *cl;
+ CallInfo *ci;
+ StkId func;
+ lua_lock(L);
+ if (*what == '>') {
+ ci = NULL;
+ func = L->top - 1;
+ api_check(L, ttisfunction(func), "function expected");
+ what++; /* skip the '>' */
+ L->top--; /* pop function */
+ }
+ else {
+ ci = ar->i_ci;
+ func = ci->func;
+ lua_assert(ttisfunction(ci->func));
+ }
+ cl = ttisclosure(func) ? clvalue(func) : NULL;
+ status = auxgetinfo(L, what, ar, cl, ci);
+ if (strchr(what, 'f')) {
+ setobjs2s(L, L->top, func);
+ incr_top(L);
+ }
+ if (strchr(what, 'L'))
+ collectvalidlines(L, cl);
+ lua_unlock(L);
+ return status;
+}
+
+
+/*
+** {======================================================
+** Symbolic Execution
+** =======================================================
+*/
+
+static const char *getobjname (Proto *p, int lastpc, int reg,
+ const char **name);
+
+
+/*
+** find a "name" for the RK value 'c'
+*/
+static void kname (Proto *p, int pc, int c, const char **name) {
+ if (ISK(c)) { /* is 'c' a constant? */
+ TValue *kvalue = &p->k[INDEXK(c)];
+ if (ttisstring(kvalue)) { /* literal constant? */
+ *name = svalue(kvalue); /* it is its own name */
+ return;
+ }
+ /* else no reasonable name found */
+ }
+ else { /* 'c' is a register */
+ const char *what = getobjname(p, pc, c, name); /* search for 'c' */
+ if (what && *what == 'c') { /* found a constant name? */
+ return; /* 'name' already filled */
+ }
+ /* else no reasonable name found */
+ }
+ *name = "?"; /* no reasonable name found */
+}
+
+
+/*
+** try to find last instruction before 'lastpc' that modified register 'reg'
+*/
+static int findsetreg (Proto *p, int lastpc, int reg) {
+ int pc;
+ int setreg = -1; /* keep last instruction that changed 'reg' */
+ for (pc = 0; pc < lastpc; pc++) {
+ Instruction i = p->code[pc];
+ OpCode op = GET_OPCODE(i);
+ int a = GETARG_A(i);
+ switch (op) {
+ case OP_LOADNIL: {
+ int b = GETARG_B(i);
+ if (a <= reg && reg <= a + b) /* set registers from 'a' to 'a+b' */
+ setreg = pc;
+ break;
+ }
+ case OP_TFORCALL: {
+ if (reg >= a + 2) setreg = pc; /* affect all regs above its base */
+ break;
+ }
+ case OP_CALL:
+ case OP_TAILCALL: {
+ if (reg >= a) setreg = pc; /* affect all registers above base */
+ break;
+ }
+ case OP_JMP: {
+ int b = GETARG_sBx(i);
+ int dest = pc + 1 + b;
+ /* jump is forward and do not skip `lastpc'? */
+ if (pc < dest && dest <= lastpc)
+ pc += b; /* do the jump */
+ break;
+ }
+ case OP_TEST: {
+ if (reg == a) setreg = pc; /* jumped code can change 'a' */
+ break;
+ }
+ default:
+ if (testAMode(op) && reg == a) /* any instruction that set A */
+ setreg = pc;
+ break;
+ }
+ }
+ return setreg;
+}
+
+
+static const char *getobjname (Proto *p, int lastpc, int reg,
+ const char **name) {
+ int pc;
+ *name = luaF_getlocalname(p, reg + 1, lastpc);
+ if (*name) /* is a local? */
+ return "local";
+ /* else try symbolic execution */
+ pc = findsetreg(p, lastpc, reg);
+ if (pc != -1) { /* could find instruction? */
+ Instruction i = p->code[pc];
+ OpCode op = GET_OPCODE(i);
+ switch (op) {
+ case OP_MOVE: {
+ int b = GETARG_B(i); /* move from 'b' to 'a' */
+ if (b < GETARG_A(i))
+ return getobjname(p, pc, b, name); /* get name for 'b' */
+ break;
+ }
+ case OP_GETTABUP:
+ case OP_GETTABLE: {
+ int k = GETARG_C(i); /* key index */
+ int t = GETARG_B(i); /* table index */
+ const char *vn = (op == OP_GETTABLE) /* name of indexed variable */
+ ? luaF_getlocalname(p, t + 1, pc)
+ : upvalname(p, t);
+ kname(p, pc, k, name);
+ return (vn && strcmp(vn, LUA_ENV) == 0) ? "global" : "field";
+ }
+ case OP_GETUPVAL: {
+ *name = upvalname(p, GETARG_B(i));
+ return "upvalue";
+ }
+ case OP_LOADK:
+ case OP_LOADKX: {
+ int b = (op == OP_LOADK) ? GETARG_Bx(i)
+ : GETARG_Ax(p->code[pc + 1]);
+ if (ttisstring(&p->k[b])) {
+ *name = svalue(&p->k[b]);
+ return "constant";
+ }
+ break;
+ }
+ case OP_SELF: {
+ int k = GETARG_C(i); /* key index */
+ kname(p, pc, k, name);
+ return "method";
+ }
+ default: break; /* go through to return NULL */
+ }
+ }
+ return NULL; /* could not find reasonable name */
+}
+
+
+static const char *getfuncname (lua_State *L, CallInfo *ci, const char **name) {
+ TMS tm;
+ Proto *p = ci_func(ci)->p; /* calling function */
+ int pc = currentpc(ci); /* calling instruction index */
+ Instruction i = p->code[pc]; /* calling instruction */
+ switch (GET_OPCODE(i)) {
+ case OP_CALL:
+ case OP_TAILCALL: /* get function name */
+ return getobjname(p, pc, GETARG_A(i), name);
+ case OP_TFORCALL: { /* for iterator */
+ *name = "for iterator";
+ return "for iterator";
+ }
+ /* all other instructions can call only through metamethods */
+ case OP_SELF:
+ case OP_GETTABUP:
+ case OP_GETTABLE: tm = TM_INDEX; break;
+ case OP_SETTABUP:
+ case OP_SETTABLE: tm = TM_NEWINDEX; break;
+ case OP_EQ: tm = TM_EQ; break;
+ case OP_ADD: tm = TM_ADD; break;
+ case OP_SUB: tm = TM_SUB; break;
+ case OP_MUL: tm = TM_MUL; break;
+ case OP_DIV: tm = TM_DIV; break;
+ case OP_MOD: tm = TM_MOD; break;
+ case OP_POW: tm = TM_POW; break;
+ case OP_UNM: tm = TM_UNM; break;
+ case OP_LEN: tm = TM_LEN; break;
+ case OP_LT: tm = TM_LT; break;
+ case OP_LE: tm = TM_LE; break;
+ case OP_CONCAT: tm = TM_CONCAT; break;
+ default:
+ return NULL; /* else no useful name can be found */
+ }
+ *name = getstr(G(L)->tmname[tm]);
+ return "metamethod";
+}
+
+/* }====================================================== */
+
+
+
+/*
+** only ANSI way to check whether a pointer points to an array
+** (used only for error messages, so efficiency is not a big concern)
+*/
+static int isinstack (CallInfo *ci, const TValue *o) {
+ StkId p;
+ for (p = ci->u.l.base; p < ci->top; p++)
+ if (o == p) return 1;
+ return 0;
+}
+
+
+static const char *getupvalname (CallInfo *ci, const TValue *o,
+ const char **name) {
+ LClosure *c = ci_func(ci);
+ int i;
+ for (i = 0; i < c->nupvalues; i++) {
+ if (c->upvals[i]->v == o) {
+ *name = upvalname(c->p, i);
+ return "upvalue";
+ }
+ }
+ return NULL;
+}
+
+
+l_noret luaG_typeerror (lua_State *L, const TValue *o, const char *op) {
+ CallInfo *ci = L->ci;
+ const char *name = NULL;
+ const char *t = objtypename(o);
+ const char *kind = NULL;
+ if (isLua(ci)) {
+ kind = getupvalname(ci, o, &name); /* check whether 'o' is an upvalue */
+ if (!kind && isinstack(ci, o)) /* no? try a register */
+ kind = getobjname(ci_func(ci)->p, currentpc(ci),
+ cast_int(o - ci->u.l.base), &name);
+ }
+ if (kind)
+ luaG_runerror(L, "attempt to %s %s " LUA_QS " (a %s value)",
+ op, kind, name, t);
+ else
+ luaG_runerror(L, "attempt to %s a %s value", op, t);
+}
+
+
+l_noret luaG_concaterror (lua_State *L, StkId p1, StkId p2) {
+ if (ttisstring(p1) || ttisnumber(p1)) p1 = p2;
+ lua_assert(!ttisstring(p1) && !ttisnumber(p2));
+ luaG_typeerror(L, p1, "concatenate");
+}
+
+
+l_noret luaG_aritherror (lua_State *L, const TValue *p1, const TValue *p2) {
+ TValue temp;
+ if (luaV_tonumber(p1, &temp) == NULL)
+ p2 = p1; /* first operand is wrong */
+ luaG_typeerror(L, p2, "perform arithmetic on");
+}
+
+
+l_noret luaG_ordererror (lua_State *L, const TValue *p1, const TValue *p2) {
+ const char *t1 = objtypename(p1);
+ const char *t2 = objtypename(p2);
+ if (t1 == t2)
+ luaG_runerror(L, "attempt to compare two %s values", t1);
+ else
+ luaG_runerror(L, "attempt to compare %s with %s", t1, t2);
+}
+
+
+static void addinfo (lua_State *L, const char *msg) {
+ CallInfo *ci = L->ci;
+ if (isLua(ci)) { /* is Lua code? */
+ char buff[LUA_IDSIZE]; /* add file:line information */
+ int line = currentline(ci);
+ TString *src = ci_func(ci)->p->source;
+ if (src)
+ luaO_chunkid(buff, getstr(src), LUA_IDSIZE);
+ else { /* no source available; use "?" instead */
+ buff[0] = '?'; buff[1] = '\0';
+ }
+ luaO_pushfstring(L, "%s:%d: %s", buff, line, msg);
+ }
+}
+
+
+l_noret luaG_errormsg (lua_State *L) {
+ if (L->errfunc != 0) { /* is there an error handling function? */
+ StkId errfunc = restorestack(L, L->errfunc);
+ if (!ttisfunction(errfunc)) luaD_throw(L, LUA_ERRERR);
+ setobjs2s(L, L->top, L->top - 1); /* move argument */
+ setobjs2s(L, L->top - 1, errfunc); /* push function */
+ incr_top(L);
+ luaD_call(L, L->top - 2, 1, 0); /* call it */
+ }
+ luaD_throw(L, LUA_ERRRUN);
+}
+
+
+l_noret luaG_runerror (lua_State *L, const char *fmt, ...) {
+ va_list argp;
+ va_start(argp, fmt);
+ addinfo(L, luaO_pushvfstring(L, fmt, argp));
+ va_end(argp);
+ luaG_errormsg(L);
+}
+
--- /dev/null
+/*
+** $Id: ldebug.h,v 2.7 2011/10/07 20:45:19 roberto Exp $
+** Auxiliary functions from Debug Interface module
+** See Copyright Notice in lua.h
+*/
+
+#ifndef ldebug_h
+#define ldebug_h
+
+
+#include "lstate.h"
+
+
+#define pcRel(pc, p) (cast(int, (pc) - (p)->code) - 1)
+
+#define getfuncline(f,pc) (((f)->lineinfo) ? (f)->lineinfo[pc] : 0)
+
+#define resethookcount(L) (L->hookcount = L->basehookcount)
+
+/* Active Lua function (given call info) */
+#define ci_func(ci) (clLvalue((ci)->func))
+
+
+LUAI_FUNC l_noret luaG_typeerror (lua_State *L, const TValue *o,
+ const char *opname);
+LUAI_FUNC l_noret luaG_concaterror (lua_State *L, StkId p1, StkId p2);
+LUAI_FUNC l_noret luaG_aritherror (lua_State *L, const TValue *p1,
+ const TValue *p2);
+LUAI_FUNC l_noret luaG_ordererror (lua_State *L, const TValue *p1,
+ const TValue *p2);
+LUAI_FUNC l_noret luaG_runerror (lua_State *L, const char *fmt, ...);
+LUAI_FUNC l_noret luaG_errormsg (lua_State *L);
+
+#endif
--- /dev/null
+/*
+** $Id: ldo.c,v 2.102 2011/11/29 15:55:08 roberto Exp $
+** Stack and Call structure of Lua
+** See Copyright Notice in lua.h
+*/
+
+
+#include <setjmp.h>
+#include <stdlib.h>
+#include <string.h>
+
+#define ldo_c
+#define LUA_CORE
+
+#include "lua.h"
+
+#include "lapi.h"
+#include "ldebug.h"
+#include "ldo.h"
+#include "lfunc.h"
+#include "lgc.h"
+#include "lmem.h"
+#include "lobject.h"
+#include "lopcodes.h"
+#include "lparser.h"
+#include "lstate.h"
+#include "lstring.h"
+#include "ltable.h"
+#include "ltm.h"
+#include "lundump.h"
+#include "lvm.h"
+#include "lzio.h"
+
+
+
+
+/*
+** {======================================================
+** Error-recovery functions
+** =======================================================
+*/
+
+/*
+** LUAI_THROW/LUAI_TRY define how Lua does exception handling. By
+** default, Lua handles errors with exceptions when compiling as
+** C++ code, with _longjmp/_setjmp when asked to use them, and with
+** longjmp/setjmp otherwise.
+*/
+#if !defined(LUAI_THROW)
+
+#if defined(__cplusplus) && !defined(LUA_USE_LONGJMP)
+/* C++ exceptions */
+#define LUAI_THROW(L,c) throw(c)
+#define LUAI_TRY(L,c,a) \
+ try { a } catch(...) { if ((c)->status == 0) (c)->status = -1; }
+#define luai_jmpbuf int /* dummy variable */
+
+#elif defined(LUA_USE_ULONGJMP)
+/* in Unix, try _longjmp/_setjmp (more efficient) */
+#define LUAI_THROW(L,c) _longjmp((c)->b, 1)
+#define LUAI_TRY(L,c,a) if (_setjmp((c)->b) == 0) { a }
+#define luai_jmpbuf jmp_buf
+
+#else
+/* default handling with long jumps */
+#define LUAI_THROW(L,c) longjmp((c)->b, 1)
+#define LUAI_TRY(L,c,a) if (setjmp((c)->b) == 0) { a }
+#define luai_jmpbuf jmp_buf
+
+#endif
+
+#endif
+
+
+
+/* chain list of long jump buffers */
+struct lua_longjmp {
+ struct lua_longjmp *previous;
+ luai_jmpbuf b;
+ volatile int status; /* error code */
+};
+
+
+static void seterrorobj (lua_State *L, int errcode, StkId oldtop) {
+ switch (errcode) {
+ case LUA_ERRMEM: { /* memory error? */
+ setsvalue2s(L, oldtop, G(L)->memerrmsg); /* reuse preregistered msg. */
+ break;
+ }
+ case LUA_ERRERR: {
+ setsvalue2s(L, oldtop, luaS_newliteral(L, "error in error handling"));
+ break;
+ }
+ default: {
+ setobjs2s(L, oldtop, L->top - 1); /* error message on current top */
+ break;
+ }
+ }
+ L->top = oldtop + 1;
+}
+
+
+l_noret luaD_throw (lua_State *L, int errcode) {
+ if (L->errorJmp) { /* thread has an error handler? */
+ L->errorJmp->status = errcode; /* set status */
+ LUAI_THROW(L, L->errorJmp); /* jump to it */
+ }
+ else { /* thread has no error handler */
+ L->status = cast_byte(errcode); /* mark it as dead */
+ if (G(L)->mainthread->errorJmp) { /* main thread has a handler? */
+ setobjs2s(L, G(L)->mainthread->top++, L->top - 1); /* copy error obj. */
+ luaD_throw(G(L)->mainthread, errcode); /* re-throw in main thread */
+ }
+ else { /* no handler at all; abort */
+ if (G(L)->panic) { /* panic function? */
+ lua_unlock(L);
+ G(L)->panic(L); /* call it (last chance to jump out) */
+ }
+ abort();
+ }
+ }
+}
+
+
+int luaD_rawrunprotected (lua_State *L, Pfunc f, void *ud) {
+ unsigned short oldnCcalls = L->nCcalls;
+ struct lua_longjmp lj;
+ lj.status = LUA_OK;
+ lj.previous = L->errorJmp; /* chain new error handler */
+ L->errorJmp = &lj;
+ LUAI_TRY(L, &lj,
+ (*f)(L, ud);
+ );
+ L->errorJmp = lj.previous; /* restore old error handler */
+ L->nCcalls = oldnCcalls;
+ return lj.status;
+}
+
+/* }====================================================== */
+
+
+static void correctstack (lua_State *L, TValue *oldstack) {
+ CallInfo *ci;
+ GCObject *up;
+ L->top = (L->top - oldstack) + L->stack;
+ for (up = L->openupval; up != NULL; up = up->gch.next)
+ gco2uv(up)->v = (gco2uv(up)->v - oldstack) + L->stack;
+ for (ci = L->ci; ci != NULL; ci = ci->previous) {
+ ci->top = (ci->top - oldstack) + L->stack;
+ ci->func = (ci->func - oldstack) + L->stack;
+ if (isLua(ci))
+ ci->u.l.base = (ci->u.l.base - oldstack) + L->stack;
+ }
+}
+
+
+/* some space for error handling */
+#define ERRORSTACKSIZE (LUAI_MAXSTACK + 200)
+
+
+void luaD_reallocstack (lua_State *L, int newsize) {
+ TValue *oldstack = L->stack;
+ int lim = L->stacksize;
+ lua_assert(newsize <= LUAI_MAXSTACK || newsize == ERRORSTACKSIZE);
+ lua_assert(L->stack_last - L->stack == L->stacksize - EXTRA_STACK);
+ luaM_reallocvector(L, L->stack, L->stacksize, newsize, TValue);
+ for (; lim < newsize; lim++)
+ setnilvalue(L->stack + lim); /* erase new segment */
+ L->stacksize = newsize;
+ L->stack_last = L->stack + newsize - EXTRA_STACK;
+ correctstack(L, oldstack);
+}
+
+
+void luaD_growstack (lua_State *L, int n) {
+ int size = L->stacksize;
+ if (size > LUAI_MAXSTACK) /* error after extra size? */
+ luaD_throw(L, LUA_ERRERR);
+ else {
+ int needed = cast_int(L->top - L->stack) + n + EXTRA_STACK;
+ int newsize = 2 * size;
+ if (newsize > LUAI_MAXSTACK) newsize = LUAI_MAXSTACK;
+ if (newsize < needed) newsize = needed;
+ if (newsize > LUAI_MAXSTACK) { /* stack overflow? */
+ luaD_reallocstack(L, ERRORSTACKSIZE);
+ luaG_runerror(L, "stack overflow");
+ }
+ else
+ luaD_reallocstack(L, newsize);
+ }
+}
+
+
+static int stackinuse (lua_State *L) {
+ CallInfo *ci;
+ StkId lim = L->top;
+ for (ci = L->ci; ci != NULL; ci = ci->previous) {
+ lua_assert(ci->top <= L->stack_last);
+ if (lim < ci->top) lim = ci->top;
+ }
+ return cast_int(lim - L->stack) + 1; /* part of stack in use */
+}
+
+
+void luaD_shrinkstack (lua_State *L) {
+ int inuse = stackinuse(L);
+ int goodsize = inuse + (inuse / 8) + 2*EXTRA_STACK;
+ if (goodsize > LUAI_MAXSTACK) goodsize = LUAI_MAXSTACK;
+ if (inuse > LUAI_MAXSTACK || /* handling stack overflow? */
+ goodsize >= L->stacksize) /* would grow instead of shrink? */
+ condmovestack(L); /* don't change stack (change only for debugging) */
+ else
+ luaD_reallocstack(L, goodsize); /* shrink it */
+}
+
+
+void luaD_hook (lua_State *L, int event, int line) {
+ lua_Hook hook = L->hook;
+ if (hook && L->allowhook) {
+ CallInfo *ci = L->ci;
+ ptrdiff_t top = savestack(L, L->top);
+ ptrdiff_t ci_top = savestack(L, ci->top);
+ lua_Debug ar;
+ ar.event = event;
+ ar.currentline = line;
+ ar.i_ci = ci;
+ luaD_checkstack(L, LUA_MINSTACK); /* ensure minimum stack size */
+ ci->top = L->top + LUA_MINSTACK;
+ lua_assert(ci->top <= L->stack_last);
+ L->allowhook = 0; /* cannot call hooks inside a hook */
+ ci->callstatus |= CIST_HOOKED;
+ lua_unlock(L);
+ (*hook)(L, &ar);
+ lua_lock(L);
+ lua_assert(!L->allowhook);
+ L->allowhook = 1;
+ ci->top = restorestack(L, ci_top);
+ L->top = restorestack(L, top);
+ ci->callstatus &= ~CIST_HOOKED;
+ }
+}
+
+
+static void callhook (lua_State *L, CallInfo *ci) {
+ int hook = LUA_HOOKCALL;
+ ci->u.l.savedpc++; /* hooks assume 'pc' is already incremented */
+ if (isLua(ci->previous) &&
+ GET_OPCODE(*(ci->previous->u.l.savedpc - 1)) == OP_TAILCALL) {
+ ci->callstatus |= CIST_TAIL;
+ hook = LUA_HOOKTAILCALL;
+ }
+ luaD_hook(L, hook, -1);
+ ci->u.l.savedpc--; /* correct 'pc' */
+}
+
+
+static StkId adjust_varargs (lua_State *L, Proto *p, int actual) {
+ int i;
+ int nfixargs = p->numparams;
+ StkId base, fixed;
+ lua_assert(actual >= nfixargs);
+ /* move fixed parameters to final position */
+ fixed = L->top - actual; /* first fixed argument */
+ base = L->top; /* final position of first argument */
+ for (i=0; i<nfixargs; i++) {
+ setobjs2s(L, L->top++, fixed + i);
+ setnilvalue(fixed + i);
+ }
+ return base;
+}
+
+
+static StkId tryfuncTM (lua_State *L, StkId func) {
+ const TValue *tm = luaT_gettmbyobj(L, func, TM_CALL);
+ StkId p;
+ ptrdiff_t funcr = savestack(L, func);
+ if (!ttisfunction(tm))
+ luaG_typeerror(L, func, "call");
+ /* Open a hole inside the stack at `func' */
+ for (p = L->top; p > func; p--) setobjs2s(L, p, p-1);
+ incr_top(L);
+ func = restorestack(L, funcr); /* previous call may change stack */
+ setobj2s(L, func, tm); /* tag method is the new function to be called */
+ return func;
+}
+
+
+
+#define next_ci(L) (L->ci = (L->ci->next ? L->ci->next : luaE_extendCI(L)))
+
+
+/*
+** returns true if function has been executed (C function)
+*/
+int luaD_precall (lua_State *L, StkId func, int nresults) {
+ lua_CFunction f;
+ CallInfo *ci;
+ int n; /* number of arguments (Lua) or returns (C) */
+ ptrdiff_t funcr = savestack(L, func);
+ switch (ttype(func)) {
+ case LUA_TLCF: /* light C function */
+ f = fvalue(func);
+ goto Cfunc;
+ case LUA_TCCL: { /* C closure */
+ f = clCvalue(func)->f;
+ Cfunc:
+ luaD_checkstack(L, LUA_MINSTACK); /* ensure minimum stack size */
+ ci = next_ci(L); /* now 'enter' new function */
+ ci->nresults = nresults;
+ ci->func = restorestack(L, funcr);
+ ci->top = L->top + LUA_MINSTACK;
+ lua_assert(ci->top <= L->stack_last);
+ ci->callstatus = 0;
+ if (L->hookmask & LUA_MASKCALL)
+ luaD_hook(L, LUA_HOOKCALL, -1);
+ lua_unlock(L);
+ n = (*f)(L); /* do the actual call */
+ lua_lock(L);
+ api_checknelems(L, n);
+ luaD_poscall(L, L->top - n);
+ return 1;
+ }
+ case LUA_TLCL: { /* Lua function: prepare its call */
+ StkId base;
+ Proto *p = clLvalue(func)->p;
+ luaD_checkstack(L, p->maxstacksize);
+ func = restorestack(L, funcr);
+ n = cast_int(L->top - func) - 1; /* number of real arguments */
+ for (; n < p->numparams; n++)
+ setnilvalue(L->top++); /* complete missing arguments */
+ base = (!p->is_vararg) ? func + 1 : adjust_varargs(L, p, n);
+ ci = next_ci(L); /* now 'enter' new function */
+ ci->nresults = nresults;
+ ci->func = func;
+ ci->u.l.base = base;
+ ci->top = base + p->maxstacksize;
+ lua_assert(ci->top <= L->stack_last);
+ ci->u.l.savedpc = p->code; /* starting point */
+ ci->callstatus = CIST_LUA;
+ L->top = ci->top;
+ if (L->hookmask & LUA_MASKCALL)
+ callhook(L, ci);
+ return 0;
+ }
+ default: { /* not a function */
+ func = tryfuncTM(L, func); /* retry with 'function' tag method */
+ return luaD_precall(L, func, nresults); /* now it must be a function */
+ }
+ }
+}
+
+
+int luaD_poscall (lua_State *L, StkId firstResult) {
+ StkId res;
+ int wanted, i;
+ CallInfo *ci = L->ci;
+ if (L->hookmask & (LUA_MASKRET | LUA_MASKLINE)) {
+ if (L->hookmask & LUA_MASKRET) {
+ ptrdiff_t fr = savestack(L, firstResult); /* hook may change stack */
+ luaD_hook(L, LUA_HOOKRET, -1);
+ firstResult = restorestack(L, fr);
+ }
+ L->oldpc = ci->previous->u.l.savedpc; /* 'oldpc' for caller function */
+ }
+ res = ci->func; /* res == final position of 1st result */
+ wanted = ci->nresults;
+ L->ci = ci = ci->previous; /* back to caller */
+ /* move results to correct place */
+ for (i = wanted; i != 0 && firstResult < L->top; i--)
+ setobjs2s(L, res++, firstResult++);
+ while (i-- > 0)
+ setnilvalue(res++);
+ L->top = res;
+ return (wanted - LUA_MULTRET); /* 0 iff wanted == LUA_MULTRET */
+}
+
+
+/*
+** Call a function (C or Lua). The function to be called is at *func.
+** The arguments are on the stack, right after the function.
+** When returns, all the results are on the stack, starting at the original
+** function position.
+*/
+void luaD_call (lua_State *L, StkId func, int nResults, int allowyield) {
+ if (++L->nCcalls >= LUAI_MAXCCALLS) {
+ if (L->nCcalls == LUAI_MAXCCALLS)
+ luaG_runerror(L, "C stack overflow");
+ else if (L->nCcalls >= (LUAI_MAXCCALLS + (LUAI_MAXCCALLS>>3)))
+ luaD_throw(L, LUA_ERRERR); /* error while handing stack error */
+ }
+ if (!allowyield) L->nny++;
+ if (!luaD_precall(L, func, nResults)) /* is a Lua function? */
+ luaV_execute(L); /* call it */
+ if (!allowyield) L->nny--;
+ L->nCcalls--;
+ luaC_checkGC(L);
+}
+
+
+static void finishCcall (lua_State *L) {
+ CallInfo *ci = L->ci;
+ int n;
+ lua_assert(ci->u.c.k != NULL); /* must have a continuation */
+ lua_assert(L->nny == 0);
+ /* finish 'luaD_call' */
+ L->nCcalls--;
+ /* finish 'lua_callk' */
+ adjustresults(L, ci->nresults);
+ /* call continuation function */
+ if (!(ci->callstatus & CIST_STAT)) /* no call status? */
+ ci->u.c.status = LUA_YIELD; /* 'default' status */
+ lua_assert(ci->u.c.status != LUA_OK);
+ ci->callstatus = (ci->callstatus & ~(CIST_YPCALL | CIST_STAT)) | CIST_YIELDED;
+ lua_unlock(L);
+ n = (*ci->u.c.k)(L);
+ lua_lock(L);
+ api_checknelems(L, n);
+ /* finish 'luaD_precall' */
+ luaD_poscall(L, L->top - n);
+}
+
+
+static void unroll (lua_State *L, void *ud) {
+ UNUSED(ud);
+ for (;;) {
+ if (L->ci == &L->base_ci) /* stack is empty? */
+ return; /* coroutine finished normally */
+ if (!isLua(L->ci)) /* C function? */
+ finishCcall(L);
+ else { /* Lua function */
+ luaV_finishOp(L); /* finish interrupted instruction */
+ luaV_execute(L); /* execute down to higher C 'boundary' */
+ }
+ }
+}
+
+
+/*
+** check whether thread has a suspended protected call
+*/
+static CallInfo *findpcall (lua_State *L) {
+ CallInfo *ci;
+ for (ci = L->ci; ci != NULL; ci = ci->previous) { /* search for a pcall */
+ if (ci->callstatus & CIST_YPCALL)
+ return ci;
+ }
+ return NULL; /* no pending pcall */
+}
+
+
+static int recover (lua_State *L, int status) {
+ StkId oldtop;
+ CallInfo *ci = findpcall(L);
+ if (ci == NULL) return 0; /* no recovery point */
+ /* "finish" luaD_pcall */
+ oldtop = restorestack(L, ci->u.c.extra);
+ luaF_close(L, oldtop);
+ seterrorobj(L, status, oldtop);
+ L->ci = ci;
+ L->allowhook = ci->u.c.old_allowhook;
+ L->nny = 0; /* should be zero to be yieldable */
+ luaD_shrinkstack(L);
+ L->errfunc = ci->u.c.old_errfunc;
+ ci->callstatus |= CIST_STAT; /* call has error status */
+ ci->u.c.status = status; /* (here it is) */
+ return 1; /* continue running the coroutine */
+}
+
+
+/*
+** signal an error in the call to 'resume', not in the execution of the
+** coroutine itself. (Such errors should not be handled by any coroutine
+** error handler and should not kill the coroutine.)
+*/
+static l_noret resume_error (lua_State *L, const char *msg, StkId firstArg) {
+ L->top = firstArg; /* remove args from the stack */
+ setsvalue2s(L, L->top, luaS_new(L, msg)); /* push error message */
+ incr_top(L);
+ luaD_throw(L, -1); /* jump back to 'lua_resume' */
+}
+
+
+/*
+** do the work for 'lua_resume' in protected mode
+*/
+static void resume (lua_State *L, void *ud) {
+ StkId firstArg = cast(StkId, ud);
+ CallInfo *ci = L->ci;
+ if (L->nCcalls >= LUAI_MAXCCALLS)
+ resume_error(L, "C stack overflow", firstArg);
+ if (L->status == LUA_OK) { /* may be starting a coroutine */
+ if (ci != &L->base_ci) /* not in base level? */
+ resume_error(L, "cannot resume non-suspended coroutine", firstArg);
+ /* coroutine is in base level; start running it */
+ if (!luaD_precall(L, firstArg - 1, LUA_MULTRET)) /* Lua function? */
+ luaV_execute(L); /* call it */
+ }
+ else if (L->status != LUA_YIELD)
+ resume_error(L, "cannot resume dead coroutine", firstArg);
+ else { /* resuming from previous yield */
+ L->status = LUA_OK;
+ if (isLua(ci)) /* yielded inside a hook? */
+ luaV_execute(L); /* just continue running Lua code */
+ else { /* 'common' yield */
+ ci->func = restorestack(L, ci->u.c.extra);
+ if (ci->u.c.k != NULL) { /* does it have a continuation? */
+ int n;
+ ci->u.c.status = LUA_YIELD; /* 'default' status */
+ ci->callstatus |= CIST_YIELDED;
+ lua_unlock(L);
+ n = (*ci->u.c.k)(L); /* call continuation */
+ lua_lock(L);
+ api_checknelems(L, n);
+ firstArg = L->top - n; /* yield results come from continuation */
+ }
+ L->nCcalls--; /* finish 'luaD_call' */
+ luaD_poscall(L, firstArg); /* finish 'luaD_precall' */
+ }
+ unroll(L, NULL);
+ }
+}
+
+
+LUA_API int lua_resume (lua_State *L, lua_State *from, int nargs) {
+ int status;
+ lua_lock(L);
+ luai_userstateresume(L, nargs);
+ L->nCcalls = (from) ? from->nCcalls + 1 : 1;
+ L->nny = 0; /* allow yields */
+ api_checknelems(L, (L->status == LUA_OK) ? nargs + 1 : nargs);
+ status = luaD_rawrunprotected(L, resume, L->top - nargs);
+ if (status == -1) /* error calling 'lua_resume'? */
+ status = LUA_ERRRUN;
+ else { /* yield or regular error */
+ while (status != LUA_OK && status != LUA_YIELD) { /* error? */
+ if (recover(L, status)) /* recover point? */
+ status = luaD_rawrunprotected(L, unroll, NULL); /* run continuation */
+ else { /* unrecoverable error */
+ L->status = cast_byte(status); /* mark thread as `dead' */
+ seterrorobj(L, status, L->top);
+ L->ci->top = L->top;
+ break;
+ }
+ }
+ lua_assert(status == L->status);
+ }
+ L->nny = 1; /* do not allow yields */
+ L->nCcalls--;
+ lua_assert(L->nCcalls == ((from) ? from->nCcalls : 0));
+ lua_unlock(L);
+ return status;
+}
+
+
+LUA_API int lua_yieldk (lua_State *L, int nresults, int ctx, lua_CFunction k) {
+ CallInfo *ci = L->ci;
+ luai_userstateyield(L, nresults);
+ lua_lock(L);
+ api_checknelems(L, nresults);
+ if (L->nny > 0) {
+ if (L != G(L)->mainthread)
+ luaG_runerror(L, "attempt to yield across metamethod/C-call boundary");
+ else
+ luaG_runerror(L, "attempt to yield from outside a coroutine");
+ }
+ L->status = LUA_YIELD;
+ if (isLua(ci)) { /* inside a hook? */
+ api_check(L, k == NULL, "hooks cannot continue after yielding");
+ }
+ else {
+ if ((ci->u.c.k = k) != NULL) /* is there a continuation? */
+ ci->u.c.ctx = ctx; /* save context */
+ ci->u.c.extra = savestack(L, ci->func); /* save current 'func' */
+ ci->func = L->top - nresults - 1; /* protect stack below results */
+ luaD_throw(L, LUA_YIELD);
+ }
+ lua_assert(ci->callstatus & CIST_HOOKED); /* must be inside a hook */
+ lua_unlock(L);
+ return 0; /* return to 'luaD_hook' */
+}
+
+
+int luaD_pcall (lua_State *L, Pfunc func, void *u,
+ ptrdiff_t old_top, ptrdiff_t ef) {
+ int status;
+ CallInfo *old_ci = L->ci;
+ lu_byte old_allowhooks = L->allowhook;
+ unsigned short old_nny = L->nny;
+ ptrdiff_t old_errfunc = L->errfunc;
+ L->errfunc = ef;
+ status = luaD_rawrunprotected(L, func, u);
+ if (status != LUA_OK) { /* an error occurred? */
+ StkId oldtop = restorestack(L, old_top);
+ luaF_close(L, oldtop); /* close possible pending closures */
+ seterrorobj(L, status, oldtop);
+ L->ci = old_ci;
+ L->allowhook = old_allowhooks;
+ L->nny = old_nny;
+ luaD_shrinkstack(L);
+ }
+ L->errfunc = old_errfunc;
+ return status;
+}
+
+
+
+/*
+** Execute a protected parser.
+*/
+struct SParser { /* data to `f_parser' */
+ ZIO *z;
+ Mbuffer buff; /* dynamic structure used by the scanner */
+ Dyndata dyd; /* dynamic structures used by the parser */
+ const char *mode;
+ const char *name;
+};
+
+
+static void checkmode (lua_State *L, const char *mode, const char *x) {
+ if (mode && strchr(mode, x[0]) == NULL) {
+ luaO_pushfstring(L,
+ "attempt to load a %s chunk (mode is " LUA_QS ")", x, mode);
+ luaD_throw(L, LUA_ERRSYNTAX);
+ }
+}
+
+
+static void f_parser (lua_State *L, void *ud) {
+ int i;
+ Proto *tf;
+ Closure *cl;
+ struct SParser *p = cast(struct SParser *, ud);
+ int c = zgetc(p->z); /* read first character */
+ if (c == LUA_SIGNATURE[0]) {
+ checkmode(L, p->mode, "binary");
+ tf = luaU_undump(L, p->z, &p->buff, p->name);
+ }
+ else {
+ checkmode(L, p->mode, "text");
+ tf = luaY_parser(L, p->z, &p->buff, &p->dyd, p->name, c);
+ }
+ setptvalue2s(L, L->top, tf);
+ incr_top(L);
+ cl = luaF_newLclosure(L, tf);
+ setclLvalue(L, L->top - 1, cl);
+ for (i = 0; i < tf->sizeupvalues; i++) /* initialize upvalues */
+ cl->l.upvals[i] = luaF_newupval(L);
+}
+
+
+int luaD_protectedparser (lua_State *L, ZIO *z, const char *name,
+ const char *mode) {
+ struct SParser p;
+ int status;
+ L->nny++; /* cannot yield during parsing */
+ p.z = z; p.name = name; p.mode = mode;
+ p.dyd.actvar.arr = NULL; p.dyd.actvar.size = 0;
+ p.dyd.gt.arr = NULL; p.dyd.gt.size = 0;
+ p.dyd.label.arr = NULL; p.dyd.label.size = 0;
+ luaZ_initbuffer(L, &p.buff);
+ status = luaD_pcall(L, f_parser, &p, savestack(L, L->top), L->errfunc);
+ luaZ_freebuffer(L, &p.buff);
+ luaM_freearray(L, p.dyd.actvar.arr, p.dyd.actvar.size);
+ luaM_freearray(L, p.dyd.gt.arr, p.dyd.gt.size);
+ luaM_freearray(L, p.dyd.label.arr, p.dyd.label.size);
+ L->nny--;
+ return status;
+}
+
+
--- /dev/null
+/*
+** $Id: ldo.h,v 2.20 2011/11/29 15:55:08 roberto Exp $
+** Stack and Call structure of Lua
+** See Copyright Notice in lua.h
+*/
+
+#ifndef ldo_h
+#define ldo_h
+
+
+#include "lobject.h"
+#include "lstate.h"
+#include "lzio.h"
+
+
+#define luaD_checkstack(L,n) if (L->stack_last - L->top <= (n)) \
+ luaD_growstack(L, n); else condmovestack(L);
+
+
+#define incr_top(L) {L->top++; luaD_checkstack(L,0);}
+
+#define savestack(L,p) ((char *)(p) - (char *)L->stack)
+#define restorestack(L,n) ((TValue *)((char *)L->stack + (n)))
+
+
+/* type of protected functions, to be ran by `runprotected' */
+typedef void (*Pfunc) (lua_State *L, void *ud);
+
+LUAI_FUNC int luaD_protectedparser (lua_State *L, ZIO *z, const char *name,
+ const char *mode);
+LUAI_FUNC void luaD_hook (lua_State *L, int event, int line);
+LUAI_FUNC int luaD_precall (lua_State *L, StkId func, int nresults);
+LUAI_FUNC void luaD_call (lua_State *L, StkId func, int nResults,
+ int allowyield);
+LUAI_FUNC int luaD_pcall (lua_State *L, Pfunc func, void *u,
+ ptrdiff_t oldtop, ptrdiff_t ef);
+LUAI_FUNC int luaD_poscall (lua_State *L, StkId firstResult);
+LUAI_FUNC void luaD_reallocstack (lua_State *L, int newsize);
+LUAI_FUNC void luaD_growstack (lua_State *L, int n);
+LUAI_FUNC void luaD_shrinkstack (lua_State *L);
+
+LUAI_FUNC l_noret luaD_throw (lua_State *L, int errcode);
+LUAI_FUNC int luaD_rawrunprotected (lua_State *L, Pfunc f, void *ud);
+
+#endif
+
--- /dev/null
+/*
+** $Id: ldump.c,v 1.19 2011/11/23 17:48:18 lhf Exp $
+** save precompiled Lua chunks
+** See Copyright Notice in lua.h
+*/
+
+#include <stddef.h>
+
+#define ldump_c
+#define LUA_CORE
+
+#include "lua.h"
+
+#include "lobject.h"
+#include "lstate.h"
+#include "lundump.h"
+
+typedef struct {
+ lua_State* L;
+ lua_Writer writer;
+ void* data;
+ int strip;
+ int status;
+} DumpState;
+
+#define DumpMem(b,n,size,D) DumpBlock(b,(n)*(size),D)
+#define DumpVar(x,D) DumpMem(&x,1,sizeof(x),D)
+
+static void DumpBlock(const void* b, size_t size, DumpState* D)
+{
+ if (D->status==0)
+ {
+ lua_unlock(D->L);
+ D->status=(*D->writer)(D->L,b,size,D->data);
+ lua_lock(D->L);
+ }
+}
+
+static void DumpChar(int y, DumpState* D)
+{
+ char x=(char)y;
+ DumpVar(x,D);
+}
+
+static void DumpInt(int x, DumpState* D)
+{
+ DumpVar(x,D);
+}
+
+static void DumpNumber(lua_Number x, DumpState* D)
+{
+ DumpVar(x,D);
+}
+
+static void DumpVector(const void* b, int n, size_t size, DumpState* D)
+{
+ DumpInt(n,D);
+ DumpMem(b,n,size,D);
+}
+
+static void DumpString(const TString* s, DumpState* D)
+{
+ if (s==NULL)
+ {
+ size_t size=0;
+ DumpVar(size,D);
+ }
+ else
+ {
+ size_t size=s->tsv.len+1; /* include trailing '\0' */
+ DumpVar(size,D);
+ DumpBlock(getstr(s),size*sizeof(char),D);
+ }
+}
+
+#define DumpCode(f,D) DumpVector(f->code,f->sizecode,sizeof(Instruction),D)
+
+static void DumpFunction(const Proto* f, DumpState* D);
+
+static void DumpConstants(const Proto* f, DumpState* D)
+{
+ int i,n=f->sizek;
+ DumpInt(n,D);
+ for (i=0; i<n; i++)
+ {
+ const TValue* o=&f->k[i];
+ DumpChar(ttype(o),D);
+ switch (ttype(o))
+ {
+ case LUA_TNIL:
+ break;
+ case LUA_TBOOLEAN:
+ DumpChar(bvalue(o),D);
+ break;
+ case LUA_TNUMBER:
+ DumpNumber(nvalue(o),D);
+ break;
+ case LUA_TSTRING:
+ DumpString(rawtsvalue(o),D);
+ break;
+ }
+ }
+ n=f->sizep;
+ DumpInt(n,D);
+ for (i=0; i<n; i++) DumpFunction(f->p[i],D);
+}
+
+static void DumpUpvalues(const Proto* f, DumpState* D)
+{
+ int i,n=f->sizeupvalues;
+ DumpInt(n,D);
+ for (i=0; i<n; i++)
+ {
+ DumpChar(f->upvalues[i].instack,D);
+ DumpChar(f->upvalues[i].idx,D);
+ }
+}
+
+static void DumpDebug(const Proto* f, DumpState* D)
+{
+ int i,n;
+ DumpString((D->strip) ? NULL : f->source,D);
+ n= (D->strip) ? 0 : f->sizelineinfo;
+ DumpVector(f->lineinfo,n,sizeof(int),D);
+ n= (D->strip) ? 0 : f->sizelocvars;
+ DumpInt(n,D);
+ for (i=0; i<n; i++)
+ {
+ DumpString(f->locvars[i].varname,D);
+ DumpInt(f->locvars[i].startpc,D);
+ DumpInt(f->locvars[i].endpc,D);
+ }
+ n= (D->strip) ? 0 : f->sizeupvalues;
+ DumpInt(n,D);
+ for (i=0; i<n; i++) DumpString(f->upvalues[i].name,D);
+}
+
+static void DumpFunction(const Proto* f, DumpState* D)
+{
+ DumpInt(f->linedefined,D);
+ DumpInt(f->lastlinedefined,D);
+ DumpChar(f->numparams,D);
+ DumpChar(f->is_vararg,D);
+ DumpChar(f->maxstacksize,D);
+ DumpCode(f,D);
+ DumpConstants(f,D);
+ DumpUpvalues(f,D);
+ DumpDebug(f,D);
+}
+
+static void DumpHeader(DumpState* D)
+{
+ lu_byte h[LUAC_HEADERSIZE];
+ luaU_header(h);
+ DumpBlock(h,LUAC_HEADERSIZE,D);
+}
+
+/*
+** dump Lua function as precompiled chunk
+*/
+int luaU_dump (lua_State* L, const Proto* f, lua_Writer w, void* data, int strip)
+{
+ DumpState D;
+ D.L=L;
+ D.writer=w;
+ D.data=data;
+ D.strip=strip;
+ D.status=0;
+ DumpHeader(&D);
+ DumpFunction(f,&D);
+ return D.status;
+}
--- /dev/null
+/*
+** $Id: lfunc.c,v 2.27 2010/06/30 14:11:17 roberto Exp $
+** Auxiliary functions to manipulate prototypes and closures
+** See Copyright Notice in lua.h
+*/
+
+
+#include <stddef.h>
+
+#define lfunc_c
+#define LUA_CORE
+
+#include "lua.h"
+
+#include "lfunc.h"
+#include "lgc.h"
+#include "lmem.h"
+#include "lobject.h"
+#include "lstate.h"
+
+
+
+Closure *luaF_newCclosure (lua_State *L, int n) {
+ Closure *c = &luaC_newobj(L, LUA_TFUNCTION, sizeCclosure(n), NULL, 0)->cl;
+ c->c.isC = 1;
+ c->c.nupvalues = cast_byte(n);
+ return c;
+}
+
+
+Closure *luaF_newLclosure (lua_State *L, Proto *p) {
+ int n = p->sizeupvalues;
+ Closure *c = &luaC_newobj(L, LUA_TFUNCTION, sizeLclosure(n), NULL, 0)->cl;
+ c->l.isC = 0;
+ c->l.p = p;
+ c->l.nupvalues = cast_byte(n);
+ while (n--) c->l.upvals[n] = NULL;
+ return c;
+}
+
+
+UpVal *luaF_newupval (lua_State *L) {
+ UpVal *uv = &luaC_newobj(L, LUA_TUPVAL, sizeof(UpVal), NULL, 0)->uv;
+ uv->v = &uv->u.value;
+ setnilvalue(uv->v);
+ return uv;
+}
+
+
+UpVal *luaF_findupval (lua_State *L, StkId level) {
+ global_State *g = G(L);
+ GCObject **pp = &L->openupval;
+ UpVal *p;
+ UpVal *uv;
+ while (*pp != NULL && (p = gco2uv(*pp))->v >= level) {
+ GCObject *o = obj2gco(p);
+ lua_assert(p->v != &p->u.value);
+ if (p->v == level) { /* found a corresponding upvalue? */
+ if (isdead(g, o)) /* is it dead? */
+ changewhite(o); /* resurrect it */
+ return p;
+ }
+ resetoldbit(o); /* may create a newer upval after this one */
+ pp = &p->next;
+ }
+ /* not found: create a new one */
+ uv = &luaC_newobj(L, LUA_TUPVAL, sizeof(UpVal), pp, 0)->uv;
+ uv->v = level; /* current value lives in the stack */
+ uv->u.l.prev = &g->uvhead; /* double link it in `uvhead' list */
+ uv->u.l.next = g->uvhead.u.l.next;
+ uv->u.l.next->u.l.prev = uv;
+ g->uvhead.u.l.next = uv;
+ lua_assert(uv->u.l.next->u.l.prev == uv && uv->u.l.prev->u.l.next == uv);
+ return uv;
+}
+
+
+static void unlinkupval (UpVal *uv) {
+ lua_assert(uv->u.l.next->u.l.prev == uv && uv->u.l.prev->u.l.next == uv);
+ uv->u.l.next->u.l.prev = uv->u.l.prev; /* remove from `uvhead' list */
+ uv->u.l.prev->u.l.next = uv->u.l.next;
+}
+
+
+void luaF_freeupval (lua_State *L, UpVal *uv) {
+ if (uv->v != &uv->u.value) /* is it open? */
+ unlinkupval(uv); /* remove from open list */
+ luaM_free(L, uv); /* free upvalue */
+}
+
+
+void luaF_close (lua_State *L, StkId level) {
+ UpVal *uv;
+ global_State *g = G(L);
+ while (L->openupval != NULL && (uv = gco2uv(L->openupval))->v >= level) {
+ GCObject *o = obj2gco(uv);
+ lua_assert(!isblack(o) && uv->v != &uv->u.value);
+ L->openupval = uv->next; /* remove from `open' list */
+ if (isdead(g, o))
+ luaF_freeupval(L, uv); /* free upvalue */
+ else {
+ unlinkupval(uv); /* remove upvalue from 'uvhead' list */
+ setobj(L, &uv->u.value, uv->v); /* move value to upvalue slot */
+ uv->v = &uv->u.value; /* now current value lives here */
+ gch(o)->next = g->allgc; /* link upvalue into 'allgc' list */
+ g->allgc = o;
+ luaC_checkupvalcolor(g, uv);
+ }
+ }
+}
+
+
+Proto *luaF_newproto (lua_State *L) {
+ Proto *f = &luaC_newobj(L, LUA_TPROTO, sizeof(Proto), NULL, 0)->p;
+ f->k = NULL;
+ f->sizek = 0;
+ f->p = NULL;
+ f->sizep = 0;
+ f->code = NULL;
+ f->cache = NULL;
+ f->sizecode = 0;
+ f->lineinfo = NULL;
+ f->sizelineinfo = 0;
+ f->upvalues = NULL;
+ f->sizeupvalues = 0;
+ f->numparams = 0;
+ f->is_vararg = 0;
+ f->maxstacksize = 0;
+ f->locvars = NULL;
+ f->sizelocvars = 0;
+ f->linedefined = 0;
+ f->lastlinedefined = 0;
+ f->source = NULL;
+ return f;
+}
+
+
+void luaF_freeproto (lua_State *L, Proto *f) {
+ luaM_freearray(L, f->code, f->sizecode);
+ luaM_freearray(L, f->p, f->sizep);
+ luaM_freearray(L, f->k, f->sizek);
+ luaM_freearray(L, f->lineinfo, f->sizelineinfo);
+ luaM_freearray(L, f->locvars, f->sizelocvars);
+ luaM_freearray(L, f->upvalues, f->sizeupvalues);
+ luaM_free(L, f);
+}
+
+
+void luaF_freeclosure (lua_State *L, Closure *c) {
+ int size = (c->c.isC) ? sizeCclosure(c->c.nupvalues) :
+ sizeLclosure(c->l.nupvalues);
+ luaM_freemem(L, c, size);
+}
+
+
+/*
+** Look for n-th local variable at line `line' in function `func'.
+** Returns NULL if not found.
+*/
+const char *luaF_getlocalname (const Proto *f, int local_number, int pc) {
+ int i;
+ for (i = 0; i<f->sizelocvars && f->locvars[i].startpc <= pc; i++) {
+ if (pc < f->locvars[i].endpc) { /* is variable active? */
+ local_number--;
+ if (local_number == 0)
+ return getstr(f->locvars[i].varname);
+ }
+ }
+ return NULL; /* not found */
+}
+
--- /dev/null
+/*
+** $Id: lfunc.h,v 2.6 2010/06/04 13:06:15 roberto Exp $
+** Auxiliary functions to manipulate prototypes and closures
+** See Copyright Notice in lua.h
+*/
+
+#ifndef lfunc_h
+#define lfunc_h
+
+
+#include "lobject.h"
+
+
+#define sizeCclosure(n) (cast(int, sizeof(CClosure)) + \
+ cast(int, sizeof(TValue)*((n)-1)))
+
+#define sizeLclosure(n) (cast(int, sizeof(LClosure)) + \
+ cast(int, sizeof(TValue *)*((n)-1)))
+
+
+LUAI_FUNC Proto *luaF_newproto (lua_State *L);
+LUAI_FUNC Closure *luaF_newCclosure (lua_State *L, int nelems);
+LUAI_FUNC Closure *luaF_newLclosure (lua_State *L, Proto *p);
+LUAI_FUNC UpVal *luaF_newupval (lua_State *L);
+LUAI_FUNC UpVal *luaF_findupval (lua_State *L, StkId level);
+LUAI_FUNC void luaF_close (lua_State *L, StkId level);
+LUAI_FUNC void luaF_freeproto (lua_State *L, Proto *f);
+LUAI_FUNC void luaF_freeclosure (lua_State *L, Closure *c);
+LUAI_FUNC void luaF_freeupval (lua_State *L, UpVal *uv);
+LUAI_FUNC const char *luaF_getlocalname (const Proto *func, int local_number,
+ int pc);
+
+
+#endif
--- /dev/null
+/*
+** $Id: lgc.c,v 2.116 2011/12/02 13:18:41 roberto Exp $
+** Garbage Collector
+** See Copyright Notice in lua.h
+*/
+
+#include <string.h>
+
+#define lgc_c
+#define LUA_CORE
+
+#include "lua.h"
+
+#include "ldebug.h"
+#include "ldo.h"
+#include "lfunc.h"
+#include "lgc.h"
+#include "lmem.h"
+#include "lobject.h"
+#include "lstate.h"
+#include "lstring.h"
+#include "ltable.h"
+#include "ltm.h"
+
+
+
+/* how much to allocate before next GC step */
+#define GCSTEPSIZE 1024
+
+/* maximum number of elements to sweep in each single step */
+#define GCSWEEPMAX 40
+
+/* cost of sweeping one element */
+#define GCSWEEPCOST 1
+
+/* maximum number of finalizers to call in each GC step */
+#define GCFINALIZENUM 4
+
+/* cost of marking the root set */
+#define GCROOTCOST 10
+
+/* cost of atomic step */
+#define GCATOMICCOST 1000
+
+/* basic cost to traverse one object (to be added to the links the
+ object may have) */
+#define TRAVCOST 5
+
+
+/*
+** standard negative debt for GC; a reasonable "time" to wait before
+** starting a new cycle
+*/
+#define stddebt(g) (-cast(l_mem, gettotalbytes(g)/100) * g->gcpause)
+
+
+/*
+** 'makewhite' erases all color bits plus the old bit and then
+** sets only the current white bit
+*/
+#define maskcolors (~(bit2mask(BLACKBIT, OLDBIT) | WHITEBITS))
+#define makewhite(g,x) \
+ (gch(x)->marked = cast_byte((gch(x)->marked & maskcolors) | luaC_white(g)))
+
+#define white2gray(x) resetbits(gch(x)->marked, WHITEBITS)
+#define black2gray(x) resetbit(gch(x)->marked, BLACKBIT)
+
+#define stringmark(s) ((void)((s) && resetbits((s)->tsv.marked, WHITEBITS)))
+
+
+#define isfinalized(x) testbit(gch(x)->marked, FINALIZEDBIT)
+
+#define checkdeadkey(n) lua_assert(!ttisdeadkey(gkey(n)) || ttisnil(gval(n)))
+
+
+#define checkconsistency(obj) \
+ lua_longassert(!iscollectable(obj) || righttt(obj))
+
+
+#define markvalue(g,o) { checkconsistency(o); \
+ if (valiswhite(o)) reallymarkobject(g,gcvalue(o)); }
+
+#define markobject(g,t) { if ((t) && iswhite(obj2gco(t))) \
+ reallymarkobject(g, obj2gco(t)); }
+
+static void reallymarkobject (global_State *g, GCObject *o);
+
+
+/*
+** {======================================================
+** Generic functions
+** =======================================================
+*/
+
+
+/*
+** one after last element in a hash array
+*/
+#define gnodelast(h) gnode(h, cast(size_t, sizenode(h)))
+
+
+/*
+** link table 'h' into list pointed by 'p'
+*/
+#define linktable(h,p) ((h)->gclist = *(p), *(p) = obj2gco(h))
+
+
+/*
+** if key is not marked, mark its entry as dead (therefore removing it
+** from the table)
+*/
+static void removeentry (Node *n) {
+ lua_assert(ttisnil(gval(n)));
+ if (valiswhite(gkey(n)))
+ setdeadvalue(gkey(n)); /* unused and unmarked key; remove it */
+}
+
+
+/*
+** tells whether a key or value can be cleared from a weak
+** table. Non-collectable objects are never removed from weak
+** tables. Strings behave as `values', so are never removed too. for
+** other objects: if really collected, cannot keep them; for objects
+** being finalized, keep them in keys, but not in values
+*/
+static int iscleared (const TValue *o) {
+ if (!iscollectable(o)) return 0;
+ else if (ttisstring(o)) {
+ stringmark(rawtsvalue(o)); /* strings are `values', so are never weak */
+ return 0;
+ }
+ else return iswhite(gcvalue(o));
+}
+
+
+/*
+** barrier that moves collector forward, that is, mark the white object
+** being pointed by a black object.
+*/
+void luaC_barrier_ (lua_State *L, GCObject *o, GCObject *v) {
+ global_State *g = G(L);
+ lua_assert(isblack(o) && iswhite(v) && !isdead(g, v) && !isdead(g, o));
+ lua_assert(isgenerational(g) || g->gcstate != GCSpause);
+ lua_assert(gch(o)->tt != LUA_TTABLE);
+ if (keepinvariant(g)) /* must keep invariant? */
+ reallymarkobject(g, v); /* restore invariant */
+ else { /* sweep phase */
+ lua_assert(issweepphase(g));
+ makewhite(g, o); /* mark main obj. as white to avoid other barriers */
+ }
+}
+
+
+/*
+** barrier that moves collector backward, that is, mark the black object
+** pointing to a white object as gray again. (Current implementation
+** only works for tables; access to 'gclist' is not uniform across
+** different types.)
+*/
+void luaC_barrierback_ (lua_State *L, GCObject *o) {
+ global_State *g = G(L);
+ lua_assert(isblack(o) && !isdead(g, o) && gch(o)->tt == LUA_TTABLE);
+ black2gray(o); /* make object gray (again) */
+ gco2t(o)->gclist = g->grayagain;
+ g->grayagain = o;
+}
+
+
+/*
+** barrier for prototypes. When creating first closure (cache is
+** NULL), use a forward barrier; this may be the only closure of the
+** prototype (if it is a "regular" function, with a single instance)
+** and the prototype may be big, so it is better to avoid traversing
+** it again. Otherwise, use a backward barrier, to avoid marking all
+** possible instances.
+*/
+LUAI_FUNC void luaC_barrierproto_ (lua_State *L, Proto *p, Closure *c) {
+ global_State *g = G(L);
+ lua_assert(isblack(obj2gco(p)));
+ if (p->cache == NULL) { /* first time? */
+ luaC_objbarrier(L, p, c);
+ }
+ else { /* use a backward barrier */
+ black2gray(obj2gco(p)); /* make prototype gray (again) */
+ p->gclist = g->grayagain;
+ g->grayagain = obj2gco(p);
+ }
+}
+
+
+/*
+** check color (and invariants) for an upvalue that was closed,
+** i.e., moved into the 'allgc' list
+*/
+void luaC_checkupvalcolor (global_State *g, UpVal *uv) {
+ GCObject *o = obj2gco(uv);
+ lua_assert(!isblack(o)); /* open upvalues are never black */
+ if (isgray(o)) {
+ if (keepinvariant(g)) {
+ resetoldbit(o); /* see MOVE OLD rule */
+ gray2black(o); /* it is being visited now */
+ markvalue(g, uv->v);
+ }
+ else {
+ lua_assert(issweepphase(g));
+ makewhite(g, o);
+ }
+ }
+}
+
+
+/*
+** create a new collectable object (with given type and size) and link
+** it to '*list'. 'offset' tells how many bytes to allocate before the
+** object itself (used only by states).
+*/
+GCObject *luaC_newobj (lua_State *L, int tt, size_t sz, GCObject **list,
+ int offset) {
+ global_State *g = G(L);
+ GCObject *o = obj2gco(cast(char *, luaM_newobject(L, tt, sz)) + offset);
+ if (list == NULL)
+ list = &g->allgc; /* standard list for collectable objects */
+ gch(o)->marked = luaC_white(g);
+ gch(o)->tt = tt;
+ gch(o)->next = *list;
+ *list = o;
+ return o;
+}
+
+/* }====================================================== */
+
+
+
+/*
+** {======================================================
+** Mark functions
+** =======================================================
+*/
+
+
+/*
+** mark an object. Userdata and closed upvalues are visited and turned
+** black here. Strings remain gray (it is the same as making them
+** black). Other objects are marked gray and added to appropriate list
+** to be visited (and turned black) later. (Open upvalues are already
+** linked in 'headuv' list.)
+*/
+static void reallymarkobject (global_State *g, GCObject *o) {
+ lua_assert(iswhite(o) && !isdead(g, o));
+ white2gray(o);
+ switch (gch(o)->tt) {
+ case LUA_TSTRING: {
+ return; /* for strings, gray is as good as black */
+ }
+ case LUA_TUSERDATA: {
+ Table *mt = gco2u(o)->metatable;
+ markobject(g, mt);
+ markobject(g, gco2u(o)->env);
+ gray2black(o); /* all pointers marked */
+ return;
+ }
+ case LUA_TUPVAL: {
+ UpVal *uv = gco2uv(o);
+ markvalue(g, uv->v);
+ if (uv->v == &uv->u.value) /* closed? (open upvalues remain gray) */
+ gray2black(o); /* make it black */
+ return;
+ }
+ case LUA_TFUNCTION: {
+ gco2cl(o)->c.gclist = g->gray;
+ g->gray = o;
+ break;
+ }
+ case LUA_TTABLE: {
+ linktable(gco2t(o), &g->gray);
+ break;
+ }
+ case LUA_TTHREAD: {
+ gco2th(o)->gclist = g->gray;
+ g->gray = o;
+ break;
+ }
+ case LUA_TPROTO: {
+ gco2p(o)->gclist = g->gray;
+ g->gray = o;
+ break;
+ }
+ default: lua_assert(0);
+ }
+}
+
+
+/*
+** mark metamethods for basic types
+*/
+static void markmt (global_State *g) {
+ int i;
+ for (i=0; i < LUA_NUMTAGS; i++)
+ markobject(g, g->mt[i]);
+}
+
+
+/*
+** mark all objects in list of being-finalized
+*/
+static void markbeingfnz (global_State *g) {
+ GCObject *o;
+ for (o = g->tobefnz; o != NULL; o = gch(o)->next) {
+ makewhite(g, o);
+ reallymarkobject(g, o);
+ }
+}
+
+
+/*
+** mark all values stored in marked open upvalues. (See comment in
+** 'lstate.h'.)
+*/
+static void remarkupvals (global_State *g) {
+ UpVal *uv;
+ for (uv = g->uvhead.u.l.next; uv != &g->uvhead; uv = uv->u.l.next) {
+ if (isgray(obj2gco(uv)))
+ markvalue(g, uv->v);
+ }
+}
+
+
+/*
+** mark root set and reset all gray lists, to start a new
+** incremental (or full) collection
+*/
+static void markroot (global_State *g) {
+ g->gray = g->grayagain = NULL;
+ g->weak = g->allweak = g->ephemeron = NULL;
+ markobject(g, g->mainthread);
+ markvalue(g, &g->l_registry);
+ markmt(g);
+ markbeingfnz(g); /* mark any finalizing object left from previous cycle */
+}
+
+/* }====================================================== */
+
+
+/*
+** {======================================================
+** Traverse functions
+** =======================================================
+*/
+
+static void traverseweakvalue (global_State *g, Table *h) {
+ Node *n, *limit = gnodelast(h);
+ /* if there is array part, assume it may have white values (do not
+ traverse it just to check) */
+ int hasclears = (h->sizearray > 0);
+ for (n = gnode(h, 0); n < limit; n++) {
+ checkdeadkey(n);
+ if (ttisnil(gval(n))) /* entry is empty? */
+ removeentry(n); /* remove it */
+ else {
+ lua_assert(!ttisnil(gkey(n)));
+ markvalue(g, gkey(n)); /* mark key */
+ if (!hasclears && iscleared(gval(n))) /* is there a white value? */
+ hasclears = 1; /* table will have to be cleared */
+ }
+ }
+ if (hasclears)
+ linktable(h, &g->weak); /* has to be cleared later */
+ else /* no white values */
+ linktable(h, &g->grayagain); /* no need to clean */
+}
+
+
+static int traverseephemeron (global_State *g, Table *h) {
+ int marked = 0; /* true if an object is marked in this traversal */
+ int hasclears = 0; /* true if table has white keys */
+ int prop = 0; /* true if table has entry "white-key -> white-value" */
+ Node *n, *limit = gnodelast(h);
+ int i;
+ /* traverse array part (numeric keys are 'strong') */
+ for (i = 0; i < h->sizearray; i++) {
+ if (valiswhite(&h->array[i])) {
+ marked = 1;
+ reallymarkobject(g, gcvalue(&h->array[i]));
+ }
+ }
+ /* traverse hash part */
+ for (n = gnode(h, 0); n < limit; n++) {
+ checkdeadkey(n);
+ if (ttisnil(gval(n))) /* entry is empty? */
+ removeentry(n); /* remove it */
+ else if (iscleared(gkey(n))) { /* key is not marked (yet)? */
+ hasclears = 1; /* table must be cleared */
+ if (valiswhite(gval(n))) /* value not marked yet? */
+ prop = 1; /* must propagate again */
+ }
+ else if (valiswhite(gval(n))) { /* value not marked yet? */
+ marked = 1;
+ reallymarkobject(g, gcvalue(gval(n))); /* mark it now */
+ }
+ }
+ if (prop)
+ linktable(h, &g->ephemeron); /* have to propagate again */
+ else if (hasclears) /* does table have white keys? */
+ linktable(h, &g->allweak); /* may have to clean white keys */
+ else /* no white keys */
+ linktable(h, &g->grayagain); /* no need to clean */
+ return marked;
+}
+
+
+static void traversestrongtable (global_State *g, Table *h) {
+ Node *n, *limit = gnodelast(h);
+ int i;
+ for (i = 0; i < h->sizearray; i++) /* traverse array part */
+ markvalue(g, &h->array[i]);
+ for (n = gnode(h, 0); n < limit; n++) { /* traverse hash part */
+ checkdeadkey(n);
+ if (ttisnil(gval(n))) /* entry is empty? */
+ removeentry(n); /* remove it */
+ else {
+ lua_assert(!ttisnil(gkey(n)));
+ markvalue(g, gkey(n)); /* mark key */
+ markvalue(g, gval(n)); /* mark value */
+ }
+ }
+}
+
+
+static int traversetable (global_State *g, Table *h) {
+ const TValue *mode = gfasttm(g, h->metatable, TM_MODE);
+ markobject(g, h->metatable);
+ if (mode && ttisstring(mode)) { /* is there a weak mode? */
+ int weakkey = (strchr(svalue(mode), 'k') != NULL);
+ int weakvalue = (strchr(svalue(mode), 'v') != NULL);
+ if (weakkey || weakvalue) { /* is really weak? */
+ black2gray(obj2gco(h)); /* keep table gray */
+ if (!weakkey) { /* strong keys? */
+ traverseweakvalue(g, h);
+ return TRAVCOST + sizenode(h);
+ }
+ else if (!weakvalue) { /* strong values? */
+ traverseephemeron(g, h);
+ return TRAVCOST + h->sizearray + sizenode(h);
+ }
+ else {
+ linktable(h, &g->allweak); /* nothing to traverse now */
+ return TRAVCOST;
+ }
+ } /* else go through */
+ }
+ traversestrongtable(g, h);
+ return TRAVCOST + h->sizearray + (2 * sizenode(h));
+}
+
+
+static int traverseproto (global_State *g, Proto *f) {
+ int i;
+ if (f->cache && iswhite(obj2gco(f->cache)))
+ f->cache = NULL; /* allow cache to be collected */
+ stringmark(f->source);
+ for (i = 0; i < f->sizek; i++) /* mark literals */
+ markvalue(g, &f->k[i]);
+ for (i = 0; i < f->sizeupvalues; i++) /* mark upvalue names */
+ stringmark(f->upvalues[i].name);
+ for (i = 0; i < f->sizep; i++) /* mark nested protos */
+ markobject(g, f->p[i]);
+ for (i = 0; i < f->sizelocvars; i++) /* mark local-variable names */
+ stringmark(f->locvars[i].varname);
+ return TRAVCOST + f->sizek + f->sizeupvalues + f->sizep + f->sizelocvars;
+}
+
+
+static int traverseclosure (global_State *g, Closure *cl) {
+ if (cl->c.isC) {
+ int i;
+ for (i=0; i<cl->c.nupvalues; i++) /* mark its upvalues */
+ markvalue(g, &cl->c.upvalue[i]);
+ }
+ else {
+ int i;
+ lua_assert(cl->l.nupvalues == cl->l.p->sizeupvalues);
+ markobject(g, cl->l.p); /* mark its prototype */
+ for (i=0; i<cl->l.nupvalues; i++) /* mark its upvalues */
+ markobject(g, cl->l.upvals[i]);
+ }
+ return TRAVCOST + cl->c.nupvalues;
+}
+
+
+static int traversestack (global_State *g, lua_State *L) {
+ StkId o = L->stack;
+ if (o == NULL)
+ return 1; /* stack not completely built yet */
+ for (; o < L->top; o++)
+ markvalue(g, o);
+ if (g->gcstate == GCSatomic) { /* final traversal? */
+ StkId lim = L->stack + L->stacksize; /* real end of stack */
+ for (; o < lim; o++) /* clear not-marked stack slice */
+ setnilvalue(o);
+ }
+ return TRAVCOST + cast_int(o - L->stack);
+}
+
+
+/*
+** traverse one gray object, turning it to black (except for threads,
+** which are always gray).
+** Returns number of values traversed.
+*/
+static int propagatemark (global_State *g) {
+ GCObject *o = g->gray;
+ lua_assert(isgray(o));
+ gray2black(o);
+ switch (gch(o)->tt) {
+ case LUA_TTABLE: {
+ Table *h = gco2t(o);
+ g->gray = h->gclist;
+ return traversetable(g, h);
+ }
+ case LUA_TFUNCTION: {
+ Closure *cl = gco2cl(o);
+ g->gray = cl->c.gclist;
+ return traverseclosure(g, cl);
+ }
+ case LUA_TTHREAD: {
+ lua_State *th = gco2th(o);
+ g->gray = th->gclist;
+ th->gclist = g->grayagain;
+ g->grayagain = o;
+ black2gray(o);
+ return traversestack(g, th);
+ }
+ case LUA_TPROTO: {
+ Proto *p = gco2p(o);
+ g->gray = p->gclist;
+ return traverseproto(g, p);
+ }
+ default: lua_assert(0); return 0;
+ }
+}
+
+
+static void propagateall (global_State *g) {
+ while (g->gray) propagatemark(g);
+}
+
+
+static void propagatelist (global_State *g, GCObject *l) {
+ lua_assert(g->gray == NULL); /* no grays left */
+ g->gray = l;
+ propagateall(g); /* traverse all elements from 'l' */
+}
+
+/*
+** retraverse all gray lists. Because tables may be reinserted in other
+** lists when traversed, traverse the original lists to avoid traversing
+** twice the same table (which is not wrong, but inefficient)
+*/
+static void retraversegrays (global_State *g) {
+ GCObject *weak = g->weak; /* save original lists */
+ GCObject *grayagain = g->grayagain;
+ GCObject *ephemeron = g->ephemeron;
+ g->weak = g->grayagain = g->ephemeron = NULL;
+ propagateall(g); /* traverse main gray list */
+ propagatelist(g, grayagain);
+ propagatelist(g, weak);
+ propagatelist(g, ephemeron);
+}
+
+
+static void convergeephemerons (global_State *g) {
+ int changed;
+ do {
+ GCObject *w;
+ GCObject *next = g->ephemeron; /* get ephemeron list */
+ g->ephemeron = NULL; /* tables will return to this list when traversed */
+ changed = 0;
+ while ((w = next) != NULL) {
+ next = gco2t(w)->gclist;
+ if (traverseephemeron(g, gco2t(w))) { /* traverse marked some value? */
+ propagateall(g); /* propagate changes */
+ changed = 1; /* will have to revisit all ephemeron tables */
+ }
+ }
+ } while (changed);
+}
+
+/* }====================================================== */
+
+
+/*
+** {======================================================
+** Sweep Functions
+** =======================================================
+*/
+
+
+/*
+** clear entries with unmarked keys from all weaktables in list 'l' up
+** to element 'f'
+*/
+static void clearkeys (GCObject *l, GCObject *f) {
+ for (; l != f; l = gco2t(l)->gclist) {
+ Table *h = gco2t(l);
+ Node *n, *limit = gnodelast(h);
+ for (n = gnode(h, 0); n < limit; n++) {
+ if (!ttisnil(gval(n)) && (iscleared(gkey(n)))) {
+ setnilvalue(gval(n)); /* remove value ... */
+ removeentry(n); /* and remove entry from table */
+ }
+ }
+ }
+}
+
+
+/*
+** clear entries with unmarked values from all weaktables in list 'l' up
+** to element 'f'
+*/
+static void clearvalues (GCObject *l, GCObject *f) {
+ for (; l != f; l = gco2t(l)->gclist) {
+ Table *h = gco2t(l);
+ Node *n, *limit = gnodelast(h);
+ int i;
+ for (i = 0; i < h->sizearray; i++) {
+ TValue *o = &h->array[i];
+ if (iscleared(o)) /* value was collected? */
+ setnilvalue(o); /* remove value */
+ }
+ for (n = gnode(h, 0); n < limit; n++) {
+ if (!ttisnil(gval(n)) && iscleared(gval(n))) {
+ setnilvalue(gval(n)); /* remove value ... */
+ removeentry(n); /* and remove entry from table */
+ }
+ }
+ }
+}
+
+
+static void freeobj (lua_State *L, GCObject *o) {
+ switch (gch(o)->tt) {
+ case LUA_TPROTO: luaF_freeproto(L, gco2p(o)); break;
+ case LUA_TFUNCTION: luaF_freeclosure(L, gco2cl(o)); break;
+ case LUA_TUPVAL: luaF_freeupval(L, gco2uv(o)); break;
+ case LUA_TTABLE: luaH_free(L, gco2t(o)); break;
+ case LUA_TTHREAD: luaE_freethread(L, gco2th(o)); break;
+ case LUA_TUSERDATA: luaM_freemem(L, o, sizeudata(gco2u(o))); break;
+ case LUA_TSTRING: {
+ G(L)->strt.nuse--;
+ luaM_freemem(L, o, sizestring(gco2ts(o)));
+ break;
+ }
+ default: lua_assert(0);
+ }
+}
+
+
+#define sweepwholelist(L,p) sweeplist(L,p,MAX_LUMEM)
+static GCObject **sweeplist (lua_State *L, GCObject **p, lu_mem count);
+
+
+/*
+** sweep the (open) upvalues of a thread and resize its stack and
+** list of call-info structures.
+*/
+static void sweepthread (lua_State *L, lua_State *L1) {
+ if (L1->stack == NULL) return; /* stack not completely built yet */
+ sweepwholelist(L, &L1->openupval); /* sweep open upvalues */
+ luaE_freeCI(L1); /* free extra CallInfo slots */
+ /* should not change the stack during an emergency gc cycle */
+ if (G(L)->gckind != KGC_EMERGENCY)
+ luaD_shrinkstack(L1);
+}
+
+
+/*
+** sweep at most 'count' elements from a list of GCObjects erasing dead
+** objects, where a dead (not alive) object is one marked with the "old"
+** (non current) white and not fixed.
+** In non-generational mode, change all non-dead objects back to white,
+** preparing for next collection cycle.
+** In generational mode, keep black objects black, and also mark them as
+** old; stop when hitting an old object, as all objects after that
+** one will be old too.
+** When object is a thread, sweep its list of open upvalues too.
+*/
+static GCObject **sweeplist (lua_State *L, GCObject **p, lu_mem count) {
+ global_State *g = G(L);
+ int ow = otherwhite(g);
+ int toclear, toset; /* bits to clear and to set in all live objects */
+ int tostop; /* stop sweep when this is true */
+ l_mem debt = g->GCdebt; /* current debt */
+ if (isgenerational(g)) { /* generational mode? */
+ toclear = ~0; /* clear nothing */
+ toset = bitmask(OLDBIT); /* set the old bit of all surviving objects */
+ tostop = bitmask(OLDBIT); /* do not sweep old generation */
+ }
+ else { /* normal mode */
+ toclear = maskcolors; /* clear all color bits + old bit */
+ toset = luaC_white(g); /* make object white */
+ tostop = 0; /* do not stop */
+ }
+ while (*p != NULL && count-- > 0) {
+ GCObject *curr = *p;
+ int marked = gch(curr)->marked;
+ if (isdeadm(ow, marked)) { /* is 'curr' dead? */
+ *p = gch(curr)->next; /* remove 'curr' from list */
+ freeobj(L, curr); /* erase 'curr' */
+ }
+ else {
+ if (gch(curr)->tt == LUA_TTHREAD)
+ sweepthread(L, gco2th(curr)); /* sweep thread's upvalues */
+ if (testbits(marked, tostop)) {
+ static GCObject *nullp = NULL;
+ p = &nullp; /* stop sweeping this list */
+ break;
+ }
+ /* update marks */
+ gch(curr)->marked = cast_byte((marked & toclear) | toset);
+ p = &gch(curr)->next; /* go to next element */
+ }
+ }
+ luaE_setdebt(g, debt); /* sweeping should not change debt */
+ return p;
+}
+
+/* }====================================================== */
+
+
+/*
+** {======================================================
+** Finalization
+** =======================================================
+*/
+
+static void checkSizes (lua_State *L) {
+ global_State *g = G(L);
+ if (g->gckind != KGC_EMERGENCY) { /* do not change sizes in emergency */
+ int hs = g->strt.size / 2; /* half the size of the string table */
+ if (g->strt.nuse < cast(lu_int32, hs)) /* using less than that half? */
+ luaS_resize(L, hs); /* halve its size */
+ luaZ_freebuffer(L, &g->buff); /* free concatenation buffer */
+ }
+}
+
+
+static GCObject *udata2finalize (global_State *g) {
+ GCObject *o = g->tobefnz; /* get first element */
+ lua_assert(isfinalized(o));
+ g->tobefnz = gch(o)->next; /* remove it from 'tobefnz' list */
+ gch(o)->next = g->allgc; /* return it to 'allgc' list */
+ g->allgc = o;
+ resetbit(gch(o)->marked, SEPARATED); /* mark that it is not in 'tobefnz' */
+ lua_assert(!isold(o)); /* see MOVE OLD rule */
+ if (!keepinvariant(g)) /* not keeping invariant? */
+ makewhite(g, o); /* "sweep" object */
+ return o;
+}
+
+
+static void dothecall (lua_State *L, void *ud) {
+ UNUSED(ud);
+ luaD_call(L, L->top - 2, 0, 0);
+}
+
+
+static void GCTM (lua_State *L, int propagateerrors) {
+ global_State *g = G(L);
+ const TValue *tm;
+ TValue v;
+ setgcovalue(L, &v, udata2finalize(g));
+ tm = luaT_gettmbyobj(L, &v, TM_GC);
+ if (tm != NULL && ttisfunction(tm)) { /* is there a finalizer? */
+ int status;
+ lu_byte oldah = L->allowhook;
+ int running = g->gcrunning;
+ L->allowhook = 0; /* stop debug hooks during GC metamethod */
+ g->gcrunning = 0; /* avoid GC steps */
+ setobj2s(L, L->top, tm); /* push finalizer... */
+ setobj2s(L, L->top + 1, &v); /* ... and its argument */
+ L->top += 2; /* and (next line) call the finalizer */
+ status = luaD_pcall(L, dothecall, NULL, savestack(L, L->top - 2), 0);
+ L->allowhook = oldah; /* restore hooks */
+ g->gcrunning = running; /* restore state */
+ if (status != LUA_OK && propagateerrors) { /* error while running __gc? */
+ if (status == LUA_ERRRUN) { /* is there an error msg.? */
+ luaO_pushfstring(L, "error in __gc metamethod (%s)",
+ lua_tostring(L, -1));
+ status = LUA_ERRGCMM; /* error in __gc metamethod */
+ }
+ luaD_throw(L, status); /* re-send error */
+ }
+ }
+}
+
+
+/*
+** move all unreachable objects (or 'all' objects) that need
+** finalization from list 'finobj' to list 'tobefnz' (to be finalized)
+*/
+static void separatetobefnz (lua_State *L, int all) {
+ global_State *g = G(L);
+ GCObject **p = &g->finobj;
+ GCObject *curr;
+ GCObject **lastnext = &g->tobefnz;
+ /* find last 'next' field in 'tobefnz' list (to add elements in its end) */
+ while (*lastnext != NULL)
+ lastnext = &gch(*lastnext)->next;
+ while ((curr = *p) != NULL) { /* traverse all finalizable objects */
+ lua_assert(!isfinalized(curr));
+ lua_assert(testbit(gch(curr)->marked, SEPARATED));
+ if (!(all || iswhite(curr))) /* not being collected? */
+ p = &gch(curr)->next; /* don't bother with it */
+ else {
+ l_setbit(gch(curr)->marked, FINALIZEDBIT); /* won't be finalized again */
+ *p = gch(curr)->next; /* remove 'curr' from 'finobj' list */
+ gch(curr)->next = *lastnext; /* link at the end of 'tobefnz' list */
+ *lastnext = curr;
+ lastnext = &gch(curr)->next;
+ }
+ }
+}
+
+
+/*
+** if object 'o' has a finalizer, remove it from 'allgc' list (must
+** search the list to find it) and link it in 'finobj' list.
+*/
+void luaC_checkfinalizer (lua_State *L, GCObject *o, Table *mt) {
+ global_State *g = G(L);
+ if (testbit(gch(o)->marked, SEPARATED) || /* obj. is already separated... */
+ isfinalized(o) || /* ... or is finalized... */
+ gfasttm(g, mt, TM_GC) == NULL) /* or has no finalizer? */
+ return; /* nothing to be done */
+ else { /* move 'o' to 'finobj' list */
+ GCObject **p;
+ for (p = &g->allgc; *p != o; p = &gch(*p)->next) ;
+ *p = gch(o)->next; /* remove 'o' from root list */
+ gch(o)->next = g->finobj; /* link it in list 'finobj' */
+ g->finobj = o;
+ l_setbit(gch(o)->marked, SEPARATED); /* mark it as such */
+ resetoldbit(o); /* see MOVE OLD rule */
+ }
+}
+
+/* }====================================================== */
+
+
+/*
+** {======================================================
+** GC control
+** =======================================================
+*/
+
+
+#define sweepphases \
+ (bitmask(GCSsweepstring) | bitmask(GCSsweepudata) | bitmask(GCSsweep))
+
+/*
+** change GC mode
+*/
+void luaC_changemode (lua_State *L, int mode) {
+ global_State *g = G(L);
+ if (mode == g->gckind) return; /* nothing to change */
+ if (mode == KGC_GEN) { /* change to generational mode */
+ /* make sure gray lists are consistent */
+ luaC_runtilstate(L, bitmask(GCSpropagate));
+ g->lastmajormem = gettotalbytes(g);
+ g->gckind = KGC_GEN;
+ }
+ else { /* change to incremental mode */
+ /* sweep all objects to turn them back to white
+ (as white has not changed, nothing extra will be collected) */
+ g->sweepstrgc = 0;
+ g->gcstate = GCSsweepstring;
+ g->gckind = KGC_NORMAL;
+ luaC_runtilstate(L, ~sweepphases);
+ }
+}
+
+
+/*
+** call all pending finalizers
+*/
+static void callallpendingfinalizers (lua_State *L, int propagateerrors) {
+ global_State *g = G(L);
+ while (g->tobefnz) {
+ resetoldbit(g->tobefnz);
+ GCTM(L, propagateerrors);
+ }
+}
+
+
+void luaC_freeallobjects (lua_State *L) {
+ global_State *g = G(L);
+ int i;
+ separatetobefnz(L, 1); /* separate all objects with finalizers */
+ lua_assert(g->finobj == NULL);
+ callallpendingfinalizers(L, 0);
+ g->currentwhite = WHITEBITS; /* this "white" makes all objects look dead */
+ g->gckind = KGC_NORMAL;
+ sweepwholelist(L, &g->finobj); /* finalizers can create objs. in 'finobj' */
+ sweepwholelist(L, &g->allgc);
+ for (i = 0; i < g->strt.size; i++) /* free all string lists */
+ sweepwholelist(L, &g->strt.hash[i]);
+ lua_assert(g->strt.nuse == 0);
+}
+
+
+static void atomic (lua_State *L) {
+ global_State *g = G(L);
+ GCObject *origweak, *origall;
+ lua_assert(!iswhite(obj2gco(g->mainthread)));
+ markobject(g, L); /* mark running thread */
+ /* registry and global metatables may be changed by API */
+ markvalue(g, &g->l_registry);
+ markmt(g); /* mark basic metatables */
+ /* remark occasional upvalues of (maybe) dead threads */
+ remarkupvals(g);
+ /* traverse objects caught by write barrier and by 'remarkupvals' */
+ retraversegrays(g);
+ convergeephemerons(g);
+ /* at this point, all strongly accessible objects are marked. */
+ /* clear values from weak tables, before checking finalizers */
+ clearvalues(g->weak, NULL);
+ clearvalues(g->allweak, NULL);
+ origweak = g->weak; origall = g->allweak;
+ separatetobefnz(L, 0); /* separate objects to be finalized */
+ markbeingfnz(g); /* mark userdata that will be finalized */
+ propagateall(g); /* remark, to propagate `preserveness' */
+ convergeephemerons(g);
+ /* at this point, all resurrected objects are marked. */
+ /* remove dead objects from weak tables */
+ clearkeys(g->ephemeron, NULL); /* clear keys from all ephemeron tables */
+ clearkeys(g->allweak, NULL); /* clear keys from all allweak tables */
+ /* clear values from resurrected weak tables */
+ clearvalues(g->weak, origweak);
+ clearvalues(g->allweak, origall);
+ g->sweepstrgc = 0; /* prepare to sweep strings */
+ g->gcstate = GCSsweepstring;
+ g->currentwhite = cast_byte(otherwhite(g)); /* flip current white */
+ /*lua_checkmemory(L);*/
+}
+
+
+static l_mem singlestep (lua_State *L) {
+ global_State *g = G(L);
+ switch (g->gcstate) {
+ case GCSpause: {
+ if (!isgenerational(g))
+ markroot(g); /* start a new collection */
+ /* in any case, root must be marked */
+ lua_assert(!iswhite(obj2gco(g->mainthread))
+ && !iswhite(gcvalue(&g->l_registry)));
+ g->gcstate = GCSpropagate;
+ return GCROOTCOST;
+ }
+ case GCSpropagate: {
+ if (g->gray)
+ return propagatemark(g);
+ else { /* no more `gray' objects */
+ g->gcstate = GCSatomic; /* finish mark phase */
+ atomic(L);
+ return GCATOMICCOST;
+ }
+ }
+ case GCSsweepstring: {
+ if (g->sweepstrgc < g->strt.size) {
+ sweepwholelist(L, &g->strt.hash[g->sweepstrgc++]);
+ return GCSWEEPCOST;
+ }
+ else { /* no more strings to sweep */
+ g->sweepgc = &g->finobj; /* prepare to sweep finalizable objects */
+ g->gcstate = GCSsweepudata;
+ return 0;
+ }
+ }
+ case GCSsweepudata: {
+ if (*g->sweepgc) {
+ g->sweepgc = sweeplist(L, g->sweepgc, GCSWEEPMAX);
+ return GCSWEEPMAX*GCSWEEPCOST;
+ }
+ else {
+ g->sweepgc = &g->allgc; /* go to next phase */
+ g->gcstate = GCSsweep;
+ return GCSWEEPCOST;
+ }
+ }
+ case GCSsweep: {
+ if (*g->sweepgc) {
+ g->sweepgc = sweeplist(L, g->sweepgc, GCSWEEPMAX);
+ return GCSWEEPMAX*GCSWEEPCOST;
+ }
+ else {
+ /* sweep main thread */
+ GCObject *mt = obj2gco(g->mainthread);
+ sweeplist(L, &mt, 1);
+ checkSizes(L);
+ g->gcstate = GCSpause; /* finish collection */
+ return GCSWEEPCOST;
+ }
+ }
+ default: lua_assert(0); return 0;
+ }
+}
+
+
+/*
+** advances the garbage collector until it reaches a state allowed
+** by 'statemask'
+*/
+void luaC_runtilstate (lua_State *L, int statesmask) {
+ global_State *g = G(L);
+ while (!testbit(statesmask, g->gcstate))
+ singlestep(L);
+}
+
+
+static void generationalcollection (lua_State *L) {
+ global_State *g = G(L);
+ if (g->lastmajormem == 0) { /* signal for another major collection? */
+ luaC_fullgc(L, 0); /* perform a full regular collection */
+ g->lastmajormem = gettotalbytes(g); /* update control */
+ }
+ else {
+ luaC_runtilstate(L, ~bitmask(GCSpause)); /* run complete cycle */
+ luaC_runtilstate(L, bitmask(GCSpause));
+ if (gettotalbytes(g) > g->lastmajormem/100 * g->gcmajorinc)
+ g->lastmajormem = 0; /* signal for a major collection */
+ }
+ luaE_setdebt(g, stddebt(g));
+}
+
+
+static void step (lua_State *L) {
+ global_State *g = G(L);
+ l_mem lim = g->gcstepmul; /* how much to work */
+ do { /* always perform at least one single step */
+ lim -= singlestep(L);
+ } while (lim > 0 && g->gcstate != GCSpause);
+ if (g->gcstate != GCSpause)
+ luaE_setdebt(g, g->GCdebt - GCSTEPSIZE);
+ else
+ luaE_setdebt(g, stddebt(g));
+}
+
+
+/*
+** performs a basic GC step even if the collector is stopped
+*/
+void luaC_forcestep (lua_State *L) {
+ global_State *g = G(L);
+ int i;
+ if (isgenerational(g)) generationalcollection(L);
+ else step(L);
+ for (i = 0; i < GCFINALIZENUM && g->tobefnz; i++)
+ GCTM(L, 1); /* Call a few pending finalizers */
+}
+
+
+/*
+** performs a basic GC step only if collector is running
+*/
+void luaC_step (lua_State *L) {
+ if (G(L)->gcrunning) luaC_forcestep(L);
+}
+
+
+/*
+** performs a full GC cycle; if "isemergency", does not call
+** finalizers (which could change stack positions)
+*/
+void luaC_fullgc (lua_State *L, int isemergency) {
+ global_State *g = G(L);
+ int origkind = g->gckind;
+ lua_assert(origkind != KGC_EMERGENCY);
+ if (!isemergency) /* do not run finalizers during emergency GC */
+ callallpendingfinalizers(L, 1);
+ if (keepinvariant(g)) { /* marking phase? */
+ /* must sweep all objects to turn them back to white
+ (as white has not changed, nothing will be collected) */
+ g->sweepstrgc = 0;
+ g->gcstate = GCSsweepstring;
+ }
+ g->gckind = isemergency ? KGC_EMERGENCY : KGC_NORMAL;
+ /* finish any pending sweep phase to start a new cycle */
+ luaC_runtilstate(L, bitmask(GCSpause));
+ /* run entire collector */
+ luaC_runtilstate(L, ~bitmask(GCSpause));
+ luaC_runtilstate(L, bitmask(GCSpause));
+ if (origkind == KGC_GEN) { /* generational mode? */
+ /* generational mode must always start in propagate phase */
+ luaC_runtilstate(L, bitmask(GCSpropagate));
+ }
+ g->gckind = origkind;
+ luaE_setdebt(g, stddebt(g));
+ if (!isemergency) /* do not run finalizers during emergency GC */
+ callallpendingfinalizers(L, 1);
+}
+
+/* }====================================================== */
+
+
--- /dev/null
+/*
+** $Id: lgc.h,v 2.52 2011/10/03 17:54:25 roberto Exp $
+** Garbage Collector
+** See Copyright Notice in lua.h
+*/
+
+#ifndef lgc_h
+#define lgc_h
+
+
+#include "lobject.h"
+#include "lstate.h"
+
+/*
+** Collectable objects may have one of three colors: white, which
+** means the object is not marked; gray, which means the
+** object is marked, but its references may be not marked; and
+** black, which means that the object and all its references are marked.
+** The main invariant of the garbage collector, while marking objects,
+** is that a black object can never point to a white one. Moreover,
+** any gray object must be in a "gray list" (gray, grayagain, weak,
+** allweak, ephemeron) so that it can be visited again before finishing
+** the collection cycle. These lists have no meaning when the invariant
+** is not being enforced (e.g., sweep phase).
+*/
+
+
+/*
+** Possible states of the Garbage Collector
+*/
+#define GCSpropagate 0
+#define GCSatomic 1
+#define GCSsweepstring 2
+#define GCSsweepudata 3
+#define GCSsweep 4
+#define GCSpause 5
+
+
+#define issweepphase(g) \
+ (GCSsweepstring <= (g)->gcstate && (g)->gcstate <= GCSsweep)
+
+#define isgenerational(g) ((g)->gckind == KGC_GEN)
+
+/*
+** macro to tell when main invariant (white objects cannot point to black
+** ones) must be kept. During a non-generational collection, the sweep
+** phase may break the invariant, as objects turned white may point to
+** still-black objects. The invariant is restored when sweep ends and
+** all objects are white again. During a generational collection, the
+** invariant must be kept all times.
+*/
+#define keepinvariant(g) (isgenerational(g) || g->gcstate <= GCSatomic)
+
+
+/*
+** some useful bit tricks
+*/
+#define resetbits(x,m) ((x) &= cast(lu_byte, ~(m)))
+#define setbits(x,m) ((x) |= (m))
+#define testbits(x,m) ((x) & (m))
+#define bitmask(b) (1<<(b))
+#define bit2mask(b1,b2) (bitmask(b1) | bitmask(b2))
+#define l_setbit(x,b) setbits(x, bitmask(b))
+#define resetbit(x,b) resetbits(x, bitmask(b))
+#define testbit(x,b) testbits(x, bitmask(b))
+
+
+/* Layout for bit use in `marked' field: */
+#define WHITE0BIT 0 /* object is white (type 0) */
+#define WHITE1BIT 1 /* object is white (type 1) */
+#define BLACKBIT 2 /* object is black */
+#define FINALIZEDBIT 3 /* object has been separated for finalization */
+#define SEPARATED 4 /* object is in 'finobj' list or in 'tobefnz' */
+#define FIXEDBIT 5 /* object is fixed (should not be collected) */
+#define OLDBIT 6 /* object is old (only in generational mode) */
+/* bit 7 is currently used by tests (luaL_checkmemory) */
+
+#define WHITEBITS bit2mask(WHITE0BIT, WHITE1BIT)
+
+
+#define iswhite(x) testbits((x)->gch.marked, WHITEBITS)
+#define isblack(x) testbit((x)->gch.marked, BLACKBIT)
+#define isgray(x) /* neither white nor black */ \
+ (!testbits((x)->gch.marked, WHITEBITS | bitmask(BLACKBIT)))
+
+#define isold(x) testbit((x)->gch.marked, OLDBIT)
+
+/* MOVE OLD rule: whenever an object is moved to the beginning of
+ a GC list, its old bit must be cleared */
+#define resetoldbit(o) resetbit((o)->gch.marked, OLDBIT)
+
+#define otherwhite(g) (g->currentwhite ^ WHITEBITS)
+#define isdeadm(ow,m) (!(((m) ^ WHITEBITS) & (ow)))
+#define isdead(g,v) isdeadm(otherwhite(g), (v)->gch.marked)
+
+#define changewhite(x) ((x)->gch.marked ^= WHITEBITS)
+#define gray2black(x) l_setbit((x)->gch.marked, BLACKBIT)
+
+#define valiswhite(x) (iscollectable(x) && iswhite(gcvalue(x)))
+
+#define luaC_white(g) cast(lu_byte, (g)->currentwhite & WHITEBITS)
+
+
+#define luaC_condGC(L,c) \
+ {if (G(L)->GCdebt > 0) {c;}; condchangemem(L);}
+#define luaC_checkGC(L) luaC_condGC(L, luaC_step(L);)
+
+
+#define luaC_barrier(L,p,v) { if (valiswhite(v) && isblack(obj2gco(p))) \
+ luaC_barrier_(L,obj2gco(p),gcvalue(v)); }
+
+#define luaC_barrierback(L,p,v) { if (valiswhite(v) && isblack(obj2gco(p))) \
+ luaC_barrierback_(L,p); }
+
+#define luaC_objbarrier(L,p,o) \
+ { if (iswhite(obj2gco(o)) && isblack(obj2gco(p))) \
+ luaC_barrier_(L,obj2gco(p),obj2gco(o)); }
+
+#define luaC_objbarrierback(L,p,o) \
+ { if (iswhite(obj2gco(o)) && isblack(obj2gco(p))) luaC_barrierback_(L,p); }
+
+#define luaC_barrierproto(L,p,c) \
+ { if (isblack(obj2gco(p))) luaC_barrierproto_(L,p,c); }
+
+LUAI_FUNC void luaC_freeallobjects (lua_State *L);
+LUAI_FUNC void luaC_step (lua_State *L);
+LUAI_FUNC void luaC_forcestep (lua_State *L);
+LUAI_FUNC void luaC_runtilstate (lua_State *L, int statesmask);
+LUAI_FUNC void luaC_fullgc (lua_State *L, int isemergency);
+LUAI_FUNC GCObject *luaC_newobj (lua_State *L, int tt, size_t sz,
+ GCObject **list, int offset);
+LUAI_FUNC void luaC_barrier_ (lua_State *L, GCObject *o, GCObject *v);
+LUAI_FUNC void luaC_barrierback_ (lua_State *L, GCObject *o);
+LUAI_FUNC void luaC_barrierproto_ (lua_State *L, Proto *p, Closure *c);
+LUAI_FUNC void luaC_checkfinalizer (lua_State *L, GCObject *o, Table *mt);
+LUAI_FUNC void luaC_checkupvalcolor (global_State *g, UpVal *uv);
+LUAI_FUNC void luaC_changemode (lua_State *L, int mode);
+
+#endif
--- /dev/null
+/*
+** $Id: linit.c,v 1.32 2011/04/08 19:17:36 roberto Exp $
+** Initialization of libraries for lua.c and other clients
+** See Copyright Notice in lua.h
+*/
+
+
+/*
+** If you embed Lua in your program and need to open the standard
+** libraries, call luaL_openlibs in your program. If you need a
+** different set of libraries, copy this file to your project and edit
+** it to suit your needs.
+*/
+
+
+#define linit_c
+#define LUA_LIB
+
+#include "lua.h"
+
+#include "lualib.h"
+#include "lauxlib.h"
+
+
+/*
+** these libs are loaded by lua.c and are readily available to any Lua
+** program
+*/
+static const luaL_Reg loadedlibs[] = {
+ {"_G", luaopen_base},
+ {LUA_LOADLIBNAME, luaopen_package},
+ {LUA_COLIBNAME, luaopen_coroutine},
+ {LUA_TABLIBNAME, luaopen_table},
+ {LUA_IOLIBNAME, luaopen_io},
+ {LUA_OSLIBNAME, luaopen_os},
+ {LUA_STRLIBNAME, luaopen_string},
+ {LUA_BITLIBNAME, luaopen_bit32},
+ {LUA_MATHLIBNAME, luaopen_math},
+ {LUA_DBLIBNAME, luaopen_debug},
+ {NULL, NULL}
+};
+
+
+/*
+** these libs are preloaded and must be required before used
+*/
+static const luaL_Reg preloadedlibs[] = {
+ {NULL, NULL}
+};
+
+
+LUALIB_API void luaL_openlibs (lua_State *L) {
+ const luaL_Reg *lib;
+ /* call open functions from 'loadedlibs' and set results to global table */
+ for (lib = loadedlibs; lib->func; lib++) {
+ luaL_requiref(L, lib->name, lib->func, 1);
+ lua_pop(L, 1); /* remove lib */
+ }
+ /* add open functions from 'preloadedlibs' into 'package.preload' table */
+ luaL_getsubtable(L, LUA_REGISTRYINDEX, "_PRELOAD");
+ for (lib = preloadedlibs; lib->func; lib++) {
+ lua_pushcfunction(L, lib->func);
+ lua_setfield(L, -2, lib->name);
+ }
+ lua_pop(L, 1); /* remove _PRELOAD table */
+}
+
--- /dev/null
+/*
+** $Id: liolib.c,v 2.108 2011/11/25 12:50:03 roberto Exp $
+** Standard I/O (and system) library
+** See Copyright Notice in lua.h
+*/
+
+
+/*
+** POSIX idiosyncrasy!
+** This definition must come before the inclusion of 'stdio.h'; it
+** should not affect non-POSIX systems
+*/
+#if !defined(_FILE_OFFSET_BITS)
+#define _FILE_OFFSET_BITS 64
+#endif
+
+
+#include <errno.h>
+#include <stdio.h>
+#include <stdlib.h>
+#include <string.h>
+
+#define liolib_c
+#define LUA_LIB
+
+#include "lua.h"
+
+#include "lauxlib.h"
+#include "lualib.h"
+
+
+
+/*
+** {======================================================
+** lua_popen spawns a new process connected to the current
+** one through the file streams.
+** =======================================================
+*/
+
+#if !defined(lua_popen) /* { */
+
+#if defined(LUA_USE_POPEN) /* { */
+
+#define lua_popen(L,c,m) ((void)L, fflush(NULL), popen(c,m))
+#define lua_pclose(L,file) ((void)L, pclose(file))
+
+#elif defined(LUA_WIN) /* }{ */
+
+#define lua_popen(L,c,m) ((void)L, _popen(c,m))
+#define lua_pclose(L,file) ((void)L, _pclose(file))
+
+
+#else /* }{ */
+
+#define lua_popen(L,c,m) ((void)((void)c, m), \
+ luaL_error(L, LUA_QL("popen") " not supported"), (FILE*)0)
+#define lua_pclose(L,file) ((void)((void)L, file), -1)
+
+
+#endif /* } */
+
+#endif /* } */
+
+/* }====================================================== */
+
+
+/*
+** {======================================================
+** lua_fseek/lua_ftell: configuration for longer offsets
+** =======================================================
+*/
+
+#if !defined(lua_fseek) /* { */
+
+#if defined(LUA_USE_POSIX)
+
+#define l_fseek(f,o,w) fseeko(f,o,w)
+#define l_ftell(f) ftello(f)
+#define l_seeknum off_t
+
+#elif defined(LUA_WIN) && !defined(_CRTIMP_TYPEINFO) \
+ && defined(_MSC_VER) && (_MSC_VER >= 1400)
+/* Windows (but not DDK) and Visual C++ 2005 or higher */
+
+#define l_fseek(f,o,w) _fseeki64(f,o,w)
+#define l_ftell(f) _ftelli64(f)
+#define l_seeknum __int64
+
+#else
+
+#define l_fseek(f,o,w) fseek(f,o,w)
+#define l_ftell(f) ftell(f)
+#define l_seeknum long
+
+#endif
+
+#endif /* } */
+
+/* }====================================================== */
+
+
+#define IO_PREFIX "_IO_"
+#define IO_INPUT (IO_PREFIX "input")
+#define IO_OUTPUT (IO_PREFIX "output")
+
+
+typedef luaL_Stream LStream;
+
+
+#define tolstream(L) ((LStream *)luaL_checkudata(L, 1, LUA_FILEHANDLE))
+
+#define isclosed(p) ((p)->closef == NULL)
+
+
+static int io_type (lua_State *L) {
+ LStream *p;
+ luaL_checkany(L, 1);
+ p = (LStream *)luaL_testudata(L, 1, LUA_FILEHANDLE);
+ if (p == NULL)
+ lua_pushnil(L); /* not a file */
+ else if (isclosed(p))
+ lua_pushliteral(L, "closed file");
+ else
+ lua_pushliteral(L, "file");
+ return 1;
+}
+
+
+static int f_tostring (lua_State *L) {
+ LStream *p = tolstream(L);
+ if (isclosed(p))
+ lua_pushliteral(L, "file (closed)");
+ else
+ lua_pushfstring(L, "file (%p)", p->f);
+ return 1;
+}
+
+
+static FILE *tofile (lua_State *L) {
+ LStream *p = tolstream(L);
+ if (isclosed(p))
+ luaL_error(L, "attempt to use a closed file");
+ lua_assert(p->f);
+ return p->f;
+}
+
+
+/*
+** When creating file handles, always creates a `closed' file handle
+** before opening the actual file; so, if there is a memory error, the
+** file is not left opened.
+*/
+static LStream *newprefile (lua_State *L) {
+ LStream *p = (LStream *)lua_newuserdata(L, sizeof(LStream));
+ p->closef = NULL; /* mark file handle as 'closed' */
+ luaL_setmetatable(L, LUA_FILEHANDLE);
+ return p;
+}
+
+
+static int aux_close (lua_State *L) {
+ LStream *p = tolstream(L);
+ lua_CFunction cf = p->closef;
+ p->closef = NULL; /* mark stream as closed */
+ return (*cf)(L); /* close it */
+}
+
+
+static int io_close (lua_State *L) {
+ if (lua_isnone(L, 1)) /* no argument? */
+ lua_getfield(L, LUA_REGISTRYINDEX, IO_OUTPUT); /* use standard output */
+ tofile(L); /* make sure argument is an open stream */
+ return aux_close(L);
+}
+
+
+static int f_gc (lua_State *L) {
+ LStream *p = tolstream(L);
+ if (!isclosed(p) && p->f != NULL)
+ aux_close(L); /* ignore closed and incompletely open files */
+ return 0;
+}
+
+
+/*
+** function to close regular files
+*/
+static int io_fclose (lua_State *L) {
+ LStream *p = tolstream(L);
+ int res = fclose(p->f);
+ return luaL_fileresult(L, (res == 0), NULL);
+}
+
+
+static LStream *newfile (lua_State *L) {
+ LStream *p = newprefile(L);
+ p->f = NULL;
+ p->closef = &io_fclose;
+ return p;
+}
+
+
+static void opencheck (lua_State *L, const char *fname, const char *mode) {
+ LStream *p = newfile(L);
+ p->f = fopen(fname, mode);
+ if (p->f == NULL)
+ luaL_error(L, "cannot open file " LUA_QS " (%s)", fname, strerror(errno));
+}
+
+
+static int io_open (lua_State *L) {
+ const char *filename = luaL_checkstring(L, 1);
+ const char *mode = luaL_optstring(L, 2, "r");
+ LStream *p = newfile(L);
+ int i = 0;
+ /* check whether 'mode' matches '[rwa]%+?b?' */
+ if (!(mode[i] != '\0' && strchr("rwa", mode[i++]) != NULL &&
+ (mode[i] != '+' || ++i) && /* skip if char is '+' */
+ (mode[i] != 'b' || ++i) && /* skip if char is 'b' */
+ (mode[i] == '\0')))
+ return luaL_error(L, "invalid mode " LUA_QS
+ " (should match " LUA_QL("[rwa]%%+?b?") ")", mode);
+ p->f = fopen(filename, mode);
+ return (p->f == NULL) ? luaL_fileresult(L, 0, filename) : 1;
+}
+
+
+/*
+** function to close 'popen' files
+*/
+static int io_pclose (lua_State *L) {
+ LStream *p = tolstream(L);
+ return luaL_execresult(L, lua_pclose(L, p->f));
+}
+
+
+static int io_popen (lua_State *L) {
+ const char *filename = luaL_checkstring(L, 1);
+ const char *mode = luaL_optstring(L, 2, "r");
+ LStream *p = newprefile(L);
+ p->f = lua_popen(L, filename, mode);
+ p->closef = &io_pclose;
+ return (p->f == NULL) ? luaL_fileresult(L, 0, filename) : 1;
+}
+
+
+static int io_tmpfile (lua_State *L) {
+ LStream *p = newfile(L);
+ p->f = tmpfile();
+ return (p->f == NULL) ? luaL_fileresult(L, 0, NULL) : 1;
+}
+
+
+static FILE *getiofile (lua_State *L, const char *findex) {
+ LStream *p;
+ lua_getfield(L, LUA_REGISTRYINDEX, findex);
+ p = (LStream *)lua_touserdata(L, -1);
+ if (isclosed(p))
+ luaL_error(L, "standard %s file is closed", findex + strlen(IO_PREFIX));
+ return p->f;
+}
+
+
+static int g_iofile (lua_State *L, const char *f, const char *mode) {
+ if (!lua_isnoneornil(L, 1)) {
+ const char *filename = lua_tostring(L, 1);
+ if (filename)
+ opencheck(L, filename, mode);
+ else {
+ tofile(L); /* check that it's a valid file handle */
+ lua_pushvalue(L, 1);
+ }
+ lua_setfield(L, LUA_REGISTRYINDEX, f);
+ }
+ /* return current value */
+ lua_getfield(L, LUA_REGISTRYINDEX, f);
+ return 1;
+}
+
+
+static int io_input (lua_State *L) {
+ return g_iofile(L, IO_INPUT, "r");
+}
+
+
+static int io_output (lua_State *L) {
+ return g_iofile(L, IO_OUTPUT, "w");
+}
+
+
+static int io_readline (lua_State *L);
+
+
+static void aux_lines (lua_State *L, int toclose) {
+ int i;
+ int n = lua_gettop(L) - 1; /* number of arguments to read */
+ /* ensure that arguments will fit here and into 'io_readline' stack */
+ luaL_argcheck(L, n <= LUA_MINSTACK - 3, LUA_MINSTACK - 3, "too many options");
+ lua_pushvalue(L, 1); /* file handle */
+ lua_pushinteger(L, n); /* number of arguments to read */
+ lua_pushboolean(L, toclose); /* close/not close file when finished */
+ for (i = 1; i <= n; i++) lua_pushvalue(L, i + 1); /* copy arguments */
+ lua_pushcclosure(L, io_readline, 3 + n);
+}
+
+
+static int f_lines (lua_State *L) {
+ tofile(L); /* check that it's a valid file handle */
+ aux_lines(L, 0);
+ return 1;
+}
+
+
+static int io_lines (lua_State *L) {
+ int toclose;
+ if (lua_isnone(L, 1)) lua_pushnil(L); /* at least one argument */
+ if (lua_isnil(L, 1)) { /* no file name? */
+ lua_getfield(L, LUA_REGISTRYINDEX, IO_INPUT); /* get default input */
+ lua_replace(L, 1); /* put it at index 1 */
+ tofile(L); /* check that it's a valid file handle */
+ toclose = 0; /* do not close it after iteration */
+ }
+ else { /* open a new file */
+ const char *filename = luaL_checkstring(L, 1);
+ opencheck(L, filename, "r");
+ lua_replace(L, 1); /* put file at index 1 */
+ toclose = 1; /* close it after iteration */
+ }
+ aux_lines(L, toclose);
+ return 1;
+}
+
+
+/*
+** {======================================================
+** READ
+** =======================================================
+*/
+
+
+static int read_number (lua_State *L, FILE *f) {
+ lua_Number d;
+ if (fscanf(f, LUA_NUMBER_SCAN, &d) == 1) {
+ lua_pushnumber(L, d);
+ return 1;
+ }
+ else {
+ lua_pushnil(L); /* "result" to be removed */
+ return 0; /* read fails */
+ }
+}
+
+
+static int test_eof (lua_State *L, FILE *f) {
+ int c = getc(f);
+ ungetc(c, f);
+ lua_pushlstring(L, NULL, 0);
+ return (c != EOF);
+}
+
+
+static int read_line (lua_State *L, FILE *f, int chop) {
+ luaL_Buffer b;
+ luaL_buffinit(L, &b);
+ for (;;) {
+ size_t l;
+ char *p = luaL_prepbuffer(&b);
+ if (fgets(p, LUAL_BUFFERSIZE, f) == NULL) { /* eof? */
+ luaL_pushresult(&b); /* close buffer */
+ return (lua_rawlen(L, -1) > 0); /* check whether read something */
+ }
+ l = strlen(p);
+ if (l == 0 || p[l-1] != '\n')
+ luaL_addsize(&b, l);
+ else {
+ luaL_addsize(&b, l - chop); /* chop 'eol' if needed */
+ luaL_pushresult(&b); /* close buffer */
+ return 1; /* read at least an `eol' */
+ }
+ }
+}
+
+
+#define MAX_SIZE_T (~(size_t)0)
+
+static void read_all (lua_State *L, FILE *f) {
+ size_t rlen = LUAL_BUFFERSIZE; /* how much to read in each cycle */
+ luaL_Buffer b;
+ luaL_buffinit(L, &b);
+ for (;;) {
+ char *p = luaL_prepbuffsize(&b, rlen);
+ size_t nr = fread(p, sizeof(char), rlen, f);
+ luaL_addsize(&b, nr);
+ if (nr < rlen) break; /* eof? */
+ else if (rlen <= (MAX_SIZE_T / 4)) /* avoid buffers too large */
+ rlen *= 2; /* double buffer size at each iteration */
+ }
+ luaL_pushresult(&b); /* close buffer */
+}
+
+
+static int read_chars (lua_State *L, FILE *f, size_t n) {
+ size_t nr; /* number of chars actually read */
+ char *p;
+ luaL_Buffer b;
+ luaL_buffinit(L, &b);
+ p = luaL_prepbuffsize(&b, n); /* prepare buffer to read whole block */
+ nr = fread(p, sizeof(char), n, f); /* try to read 'n' chars */
+ luaL_addsize(&b, nr);
+ luaL_pushresult(&b); /* close buffer */
+ return (nr > 0); /* true iff read something */
+}
+
+
+static int g_read (lua_State *L, FILE *f, int first) {
+ int nargs = lua_gettop(L) - 1;
+ int success;
+ int n;
+ clearerr(f);
+ if (nargs == 0) { /* no arguments? */
+ success = read_line(L, f, 1);
+ n = first+1; /* to return 1 result */
+ }
+ else { /* ensure stack space for all results and for auxlib's buffer */
+ luaL_checkstack(L, nargs+LUA_MINSTACK, "too many arguments");
+ success = 1;
+ for (n = first; nargs-- && success; n++) {
+ if (lua_type(L, n) == LUA_TNUMBER) {
+ size_t l = (size_t)lua_tointeger(L, n);
+ success = (l == 0) ? test_eof(L, f) : read_chars(L, f, l);
+ }
+ else {
+ const char *p = lua_tostring(L, n);
+ luaL_argcheck(L, p && p[0] == '*', n, "invalid option");
+ switch (p[1]) {
+ case 'n': /* number */
+ success = read_number(L, f);
+ break;
+ case 'l': /* line */
+ success = read_line(L, f, 1);
+ break;
+ case 'L': /* line with end-of-line */
+ success = read_line(L, f, 0);
+ break;
+ case 'a': /* file */
+ read_all(L, f); /* read entire file */
+ success = 1; /* always success */
+ break;
+ default:
+ return luaL_argerror(L, n, "invalid format");
+ }
+ }
+ }
+ }
+ if (ferror(f))
+ return luaL_fileresult(L, 0, NULL);
+ if (!success) {
+ lua_pop(L, 1); /* remove last result */
+ lua_pushnil(L); /* push nil instead */
+ }
+ return n - first;
+}
+
+
+static int io_read (lua_State *L) {
+ return g_read(L, getiofile(L, IO_INPUT), 1);
+}
+
+
+static int f_read (lua_State *L) {
+ return g_read(L, tofile(L), 2);
+}
+
+
+static int io_readline (lua_State *L) {
+ LStream *p = (LStream *)lua_touserdata(L, lua_upvalueindex(1));
+ int i;
+ int n = (int)lua_tointeger(L, lua_upvalueindex(2));
+ if (isclosed(p)) /* file is already closed? */
+ return luaL_error(L, "file is already closed");
+ lua_settop(L , 1);
+ for (i = 1; i <= n; i++) /* push arguments to 'g_read' */
+ lua_pushvalue(L, lua_upvalueindex(3 + i));
+ n = g_read(L, p->f, 2); /* 'n' is number of results */
+ lua_assert(n > 0); /* should return at least a nil */
+ if (!lua_isnil(L, -n)) /* read at least one value? */
+ return n; /* return them */
+ else { /* first result is nil: EOF or error */
+ if (n > 1) { /* is there error information? */
+ /* 2nd result is error message */
+ return luaL_error(L, "%s", lua_tostring(L, -n + 1));
+ }
+ if (lua_toboolean(L, lua_upvalueindex(3))) { /* generator created file? */
+ lua_settop(L, 0);
+ lua_pushvalue(L, lua_upvalueindex(1));
+ aux_close(L); /* close it */
+ }
+ return 0;
+ }
+}
+
+/* }====================================================== */
+
+
+static int g_write (lua_State *L, FILE *f, int arg) {
+ int nargs = lua_gettop(L) - arg;
+ int status = 1;
+ for (; nargs--; arg++) {
+ if (lua_type(L, arg) == LUA_TNUMBER) {
+ /* optimization: could be done exactly as for strings */
+ status = status &&
+ fprintf(f, LUA_NUMBER_FMT, lua_tonumber(L, arg)) > 0;
+ }
+ else {
+ size_t l;
+ const char *s = luaL_checklstring(L, arg, &l);
+ status = status && (fwrite(s, sizeof(char), l, f) == l);
+ }
+ }
+ if (status) return 1; /* file handle already on stack top */
+ else return luaL_fileresult(L, status, NULL);
+}
+
+
+static int io_write (lua_State *L) {
+ return g_write(L, getiofile(L, IO_OUTPUT), 1);
+}
+
+
+static int f_write (lua_State *L) {
+ FILE *f = tofile(L);
+ lua_pushvalue(L, 1); /* push file at the stack top (to be returned) */
+ return g_write(L, f, 2);
+}
+
+
+static int f_seek (lua_State *L) {
+ static const int mode[] = {SEEK_SET, SEEK_CUR, SEEK_END};
+ static const char *const modenames[] = {"set", "cur", "end", NULL};
+ FILE *f = tofile(L);
+ int op = luaL_checkoption(L, 2, "cur", modenames);
+ lua_Number p3 = luaL_optnumber(L, 3, 0);
+ l_seeknum offset = (l_seeknum)p3;
+ luaL_argcheck(L, (lua_Number)offset == p3, 3,
+ "not an integer in proper range");
+ op = l_fseek(f, offset, mode[op]);
+ if (op)
+ return luaL_fileresult(L, 0, NULL); /* error */
+ else {
+ lua_pushnumber(L, (lua_Number)l_ftell(f));
+ return 1;
+ }
+}
+
+
+static int f_setvbuf (lua_State *L) {
+ static const int mode[] = {_IONBF, _IOFBF, _IOLBF};
+ static const char *const modenames[] = {"no", "full", "line", NULL};
+ FILE *f = tofile(L);
+ int op = luaL_checkoption(L, 2, NULL, modenames);
+ lua_Integer sz = luaL_optinteger(L, 3, LUAL_BUFFERSIZE);
+ int res = setvbuf(f, NULL, mode[op], sz);
+ return luaL_fileresult(L, res == 0, NULL);
+}
+
+
+
+static int io_flush (lua_State *L) {
+ return luaL_fileresult(L, fflush(getiofile(L, IO_OUTPUT)) == 0, NULL);
+}
+
+
+static int f_flush (lua_State *L) {
+ return luaL_fileresult(L, fflush(tofile(L)) == 0, NULL);
+}
+
+
+/*
+** functions for 'io' library
+*/
+static const luaL_Reg iolib[] = {
+ {"close", io_close},
+ {"flush", io_flush},
+ {"input", io_input},
+ {"lines", io_lines},
+ {"open", io_open},
+ {"output", io_output},
+ {"popen", io_popen},
+ {"read", io_read},
+ {"tmpfile", io_tmpfile},
+ {"type", io_type},
+ {"write", io_write},
+ {NULL, NULL}
+};
+
+
+/*
+** methods for file handles
+*/
+static const luaL_Reg flib[] = {
+ {"close", io_close},
+ {"flush", f_flush},
+ {"lines", f_lines},
+ {"read", f_read},
+ {"seek", f_seek},
+ {"setvbuf", f_setvbuf},
+ {"write", f_write},
+ {"__gc", f_gc},
+ {"__tostring", f_tostring},
+ {NULL, NULL}
+};
+
+
+static void createmeta (lua_State *L) {
+ luaL_newmetatable(L, LUA_FILEHANDLE); /* create metatable for file handles */
+ lua_pushvalue(L, -1); /* push metatable */
+ lua_setfield(L, -2, "__index"); /* metatable.__index = metatable */
+ luaL_setfuncs(L, flib, 0); /* add file methods to new metatable */
+ lua_pop(L, 1); /* pop new metatable */
+}
+
+
+/*
+** function to (not) close the standard files stdin, stdout, and stderr
+*/
+static int io_noclose (lua_State *L) {
+ LStream *p = tolstream(L);
+ p->closef = &io_noclose; /* keep file opened */
+ lua_pushnil(L);
+ lua_pushliteral(L, "cannot close standard file");
+ return 2;
+}
+
+
+static void createstdfile (lua_State *L, FILE *f, const char *k,
+ const char *fname) {
+ LStream *p = newprefile(L);
+ p->f = f;
+ p->closef = &io_noclose;
+ if (k != NULL) {
+ lua_pushvalue(L, -1);
+ lua_setfield(L, LUA_REGISTRYINDEX, k); /* add file to registry */
+ }
+ lua_setfield(L, -2, fname); /* add file to module */
+}
+
+
+LUAMOD_API int luaopen_io (lua_State *L) {
+ luaL_newlib(L, iolib); /* new module */
+ createmeta(L);
+ /* create (and set) default files */
+ createstdfile(L, stdin, IO_INPUT, "stdin");
+ createstdfile(L, stdout, IO_OUTPUT, "stdout");
+ createstdfile(L, stderr, NULL, "stderr");
+ return 1;
+}
+
--- /dev/null
+/*
+** $Id: llex.c,v 2.59 2011/11/30 12:43:51 roberto Exp $
+** Lexical Analyzer
+** See Copyright Notice in lua.h
+*/
+
+
+#include <locale.h>
+#include <string.h>
+
+#define llex_c
+#define LUA_CORE
+
+#include "lua.h"
+
+#include "lctype.h"
+#include "ldo.h"
+#include "llex.h"
+#include "lobject.h"
+#include "lparser.h"
+#include "lstate.h"
+#include "lstring.h"
+#include "ltable.h"
+#include "lzio.h"
+
+
+
+#define next(ls) (ls->current = zgetc(ls->z))
+
+
+
+#define currIsNewline(ls) (ls->current == '\n' || ls->current == '\r')
+
+
+/* ORDER RESERVED */
+static const char *const luaX_tokens [] = {
+ "and", "break", "do", "else", "elseif",
+ "end", "false", "for", "function", "goto", "if",
+ "in", "local", "nil", "not", "or", "repeat",
+ "return", "then", "true", "until", "while",
+ "..", "...", "==", ">=", "<=", "~=", "::", "<eof>",
+ "<number>", "<name>", "<string>"
+};
+
+
+#define save_and_next(ls) (save(ls, ls->current), next(ls))
+
+
+static l_noret lexerror (LexState *ls, const char *msg, int token);
+
+
+static void save (LexState *ls, int c) {
+ Mbuffer *b = ls->buff;
+ if (luaZ_bufflen(b) + 1 > luaZ_sizebuffer(b)) {
+ size_t newsize;
+ if (luaZ_sizebuffer(b) >= MAX_SIZET/2)
+ lexerror(ls, "lexical element too long", 0);
+ newsize = luaZ_sizebuffer(b) * 2;
+ luaZ_resizebuffer(ls->L, b, newsize);
+ }
+ b->buffer[luaZ_bufflen(b)++] = cast(char, c);
+}
+
+
+void luaX_init (lua_State *L) {
+ int i;
+ for (i=0; i<NUM_RESERVED; i++) {
+ TString *ts = luaS_new(L, luaX_tokens[i]);
+ luaS_fix(ts); /* reserved words are never collected */
+ ts->tsv.reserved = cast_byte(i+1); /* reserved word */
+ }
+}
+
+
+const char *luaX_token2str (LexState *ls, int token) {
+ if (token < FIRST_RESERVED) {
+ lua_assert(token == cast(unsigned char, token));
+ return (lisprint(token)) ? luaO_pushfstring(ls->L, LUA_QL("%c"), token) :
+ luaO_pushfstring(ls->L, "char(%d)", token);
+ }
+ else {
+ const char *s = luaX_tokens[token - FIRST_RESERVED];
+ if (token < TK_EOS)
+ return luaO_pushfstring(ls->L, LUA_QS, s);
+ else
+ return s;
+ }
+}
+
+
+static const char *txtToken (LexState *ls, int token) {
+ switch (token) {
+ case TK_NAME:
+ case TK_STRING:
+ case TK_NUMBER:
+ save(ls, '\0');
+ return luaO_pushfstring(ls->L, LUA_QS, luaZ_buffer(ls->buff));
+ default:
+ return luaX_token2str(ls, token);
+ }
+}
+
+
+static l_noret lexerror (LexState *ls, const char *msg, int token) {
+ char buff[LUA_IDSIZE];
+ luaO_chunkid(buff, getstr(ls->source), LUA_IDSIZE);
+ msg = luaO_pushfstring(ls->L, "%s:%d: %s", buff, ls->linenumber, msg);
+ if (token)
+ luaO_pushfstring(ls->L, "%s near %s", msg, txtToken(ls, token));
+ luaD_throw(ls->L, LUA_ERRSYNTAX);
+}
+
+
+l_noret luaX_syntaxerror (LexState *ls, const char *msg) {
+ lexerror(ls, msg, ls->t.token);
+}
+
+
+/*
+** creates a new string and anchors it in function's table so that
+** it will not be collected until the end of the function's compilation
+** (by that time it should be anchored in function's prototype)
+*/
+TString *luaX_newstring (LexState *ls, const char *str, size_t l) {
+ lua_State *L = ls->L;
+ TValue *o; /* entry for `str' */
+ TString *ts = luaS_newlstr(L, str, l); /* create new string */
+ setsvalue2s(L, L->top++, ts); /* temporarily anchor it in stack */
+ o = luaH_set(L, ls->fs->h, L->top - 1);
+ if (ttisnil(o)) { /* not in use yet? (see 'addK') */
+ /* boolean value does not need GC barrier;
+ table has no metatable, so it does not need to invalidate cache */
+ setbvalue(o, 1); /* t[string] = true */
+ luaC_checkGC(L);
+ }
+ L->top--; /* remove string from stack */
+ return ts;
+}
+
+
+/*
+** increment line number and skips newline sequence (any of
+** \n, \r, \n\r, or \r\n)
+*/
+static void inclinenumber (LexState *ls) {
+ int old = ls->current;
+ lua_assert(currIsNewline(ls));
+ next(ls); /* skip `\n' or `\r' */
+ if (currIsNewline(ls) && ls->current != old)
+ next(ls); /* skip `\n\r' or `\r\n' */
+ if (++ls->linenumber >= MAX_INT)
+ luaX_syntaxerror(ls, "chunk has too many lines");
+}
+
+
+void luaX_setinput (lua_State *L, LexState *ls, ZIO *z, TString *source,
+ int firstchar) {
+ ls->decpoint = '.';
+ ls->L = L;
+ ls->current = firstchar;
+ ls->lookahead.token = TK_EOS; /* no look-ahead token */
+ ls->z = z;
+ ls->fs = NULL;
+ ls->linenumber = 1;
+ ls->lastline = 1;
+ ls->source = source;
+ ls->envn = luaS_new(L, LUA_ENV); /* create env name */
+ luaS_fix(ls->envn); /* never collect this name */
+ luaZ_resizebuffer(ls->L, ls->buff, LUA_MINBUFFER); /* initialize buffer */
+}
+
+
+
+/*
+** =======================================================
+** LEXICAL ANALYZER
+** =======================================================
+*/
+
+
+
+static int check_next (LexState *ls, const char *set) {
+ if (ls->current == '\0' || !strchr(set, ls->current))
+ return 0;
+ save_and_next(ls);
+ return 1;
+}
+
+
+/*
+** change all characters 'from' in buffer to 'to'
+*/
+static void buffreplace (LexState *ls, char from, char to) {
+ size_t n = luaZ_bufflen(ls->buff);
+ char *p = luaZ_buffer(ls->buff);
+ while (n--)
+ if (p[n] == from) p[n] = to;
+}
+
+
+#if !defined(getlocaledecpoint)
+#define getlocaledecpoint() (localeconv()->decimal_point[0])
+#endif
+
+
+#define buff2d(b,e) luaO_str2d(luaZ_buffer(b), luaZ_bufflen(b) - 1, e)
+
+/*
+** in case of format error, try to change decimal point separator to
+** the one defined in the current locale and check again
+*/
+static void trydecpoint (LexState *ls, SemInfo *seminfo) {
+ char old = ls->decpoint;
+ ls->decpoint = getlocaledecpoint();
+ buffreplace(ls, old, ls->decpoint); /* try new decimal separator */
+ if (!buff2d(ls->buff, &seminfo->r)) {
+ /* format error with correct decimal point: no more options */
+ buffreplace(ls, ls->decpoint, '.'); /* undo change (for error message) */
+ lexerror(ls, "malformed number", TK_NUMBER);
+ }
+}
+
+
+/* LUA_NUMBER */
+static void read_numeral (LexState *ls, SemInfo *seminfo) {
+ lua_assert(lisdigit(ls->current));
+ do {
+ save_and_next(ls);
+ if (check_next(ls, "EePp")) /* exponent part? */
+ check_next(ls, "+-"); /* optional exponent sign */
+ } while (lislalnum(ls->current) || ls->current == '.');
+ save(ls, '\0');
+ buffreplace(ls, '.', ls->decpoint); /* follow locale for decimal point */
+ if (!buff2d(ls->buff, &seminfo->r)) /* format error? */
+ trydecpoint(ls, seminfo); /* try to update decimal point separator */
+}
+
+
+/*
+** skip a sequence '[=*[' or ']=*]' and return its number of '='s or
+** -1 if sequence is malformed
+*/
+static int skip_sep (LexState *ls) {
+ int count = 0;
+ int s = ls->current;
+ lua_assert(s == '[' || s == ']');
+ save_and_next(ls);
+ while (ls->current == '=') {
+ save_and_next(ls);
+ count++;
+ }
+ return (ls->current == s) ? count : (-count) - 1;
+}
+
+
+static void read_long_string (LexState *ls, SemInfo *seminfo, int sep) {
+ save_and_next(ls); /* skip 2nd `[' */
+ if (currIsNewline(ls)) /* string starts with a newline? */
+ inclinenumber(ls); /* skip it */
+ for (;;) {
+ switch (ls->current) {
+ case EOZ:
+ lexerror(ls, (seminfo) ? "unfinished long string" :
+ "unfinished long comment", TK_EOS);
+ break; /* to avoid warnings */
+ case ']': {
+ if (skip_sep(ls) == sep) {
+ save_and_next(ls); /* skip 2nd `]' */
+ goto endloop;
+ }
+ break;
+ }
+ case '\n': case '\r': {
+ save(ls, '\n');
+ inclinenumber(ls);
+ if (!seminfo) luaZ_resetbuffer(ls->buff); /* avoid wasting space */
+ break;
+ }
+ default: {
+ if (seminfo) save_and_next(ls);
+ else next(ls);
+ }
+ }
+ } endloop:
+ if (seminfo)
+ seminfo->ts = luaX_newstring(ls, luaZ_buffer(ls->buff) + (2 + sep),
+ luaZ_bufflen(ls->buff) - 2*(2 + sep));
+}
+
+
+static void escerror (LexState *ls, int *c, int n, const char *msg) {
+ int i;
+ luaZ_resetbuffer(ls->buff); /* prepare error message */
+ save(ls, '\\');
+ for (i = 0; i < n && c[i] != EOZ; i++)
+ save(ls, c[i]);
+ lexerror(ls, msg, TK_STRING);
+}
+
+
+static int readhexaesc (LexState *ls) {
+ int c[3], i; /* keep input for error message */
+ int r = 0; /* result accumulator */
+ c[0] = 'x'; /* for error message */
+ for (i = 1; i < 3; i++) { /* read two hexa digits */
+ c[i] = next(ls);
+ if (!lisxdigit(c[i]))
+ escerror(ls, c, i + 1, "hexadecimal digit expected");
+ r = (r << 4) + luaO_hexavalue(c[i]);
+ }
+ return r;
+}
+
+
+static int readdecesc (LexState *ls) {
+ int c[3], i;
+ int r = 0; /* result accumulator */
+ for (i = 0; i < 3 && lisdigit(ls->current); i++) { /* read up to 3 digits */
+ c[i] = ls->current;
+ r = 10*r + c[i] - '0';
+ next(ls);
+ }
+ if (r > UCHAR_MAX)
+ escerror(ls, c, i, "decimal escape too large");
+ return r;
+}
+
+
+static void read_string (LexState *ls, int del, SemInfo *seminfo) {
+ save_and_next(ls); /* keep delimiter (for error messages) */
+ while (ls->current != del) {
+ switch (ls->current) {
+ case EOZ:
+ lexerror(ls, "unfinished string", TK_EOS);
+ break; /* to avoid warnings */
+ case '\n':
+ case '\r':
+ lexerror(ls, "unfinished string", TK_STRING);
+ break; /* to avoid warnings */
+ case '\\': { /* escape sequences */
+ int c; /* final character to be saved */
+ next(ls); /* do not save the `\' */
+ switch (ls->current) {
+ case 'a': c = '\a'; goto read_save;
+ case 'b': c = '\b'; goto read_save;
+ case 'f': c = '\f'; goto read_save;
+ case 'n': c = '\n'; goto read_save;
+ case 'r': c = '\r'; goto read_save;
+ case 't': c = '\t'; goto read_save;
+ case 'v': c = '\v'; goto read_save;
+ case 'x': c = readhexaesc(ls); goto read_save;
+ case '\n': case '\r':
+ inclinenumber(ls); c = '\n'; goto only_save;
+ case '\\': case '\"': case '\'':
+ c = ls->current; goto read_save;
+ case EOZ: goto no_save; /* will raise an error next loop */
+ case 'z': { /* zap following span of spaces */
+ next(ls); /* skip the 'z' */
+ while (lisspace(ls->current)) {
+ if (currIsNewline(ls)) inclinenumber(ls);
+ else next(ls);
+ }
+ goto no_save;
+ }
+ default: {
+ if (!lisdigit(ls->current))
+ escerror(ls, &ls->current, 1, "invalid escape sequence");
+ /* digital escape \ddd */
+ c = readdecesc(ls);
+ goto only_save;
+ }
+ }
+ read_save: next(ls); /* read next character */
+ only_save: save(ls, c); /* save 'c' */
+ no_save: break;
+ }
+ default:
+ save_and_next(ls);
+ }
+ }
+ save_and_next(ls); /* skip delimiter */
+ seminfo->ts = luaX_newstring(ls, luaZ_buffer(ls->buff) + 1,
+ luaZ_bufflen(ls->buff) - 2);
+}
+
+
+static int llex (LexState *ls, SemInfo *seminfo) {
+ luaZ_resetbuffer(ls->buff);
+ for (;;) {
+ switch (ls->current) {
+ case '\n': case '\r': { /* line breaks */
+ inclinenumber(ls);
+ break;
+ }
+ case ' ': case '\f': case '\t': case '\v': { /* spaces */
+ next(ls);
+ break;
+ }
+ case '-': { /* '-' or '--' (comment) */
+ next(ls);
+ if (ls->current != '-') return '-';
+ /* else is a comment */
+ next(ls);
+ if (ls->current == '[') { /* long comment? */
+ int sep = skip_sep(ls);
+ luaZ_resetbuffer(ls->buff); /* `skip_sep' may dirty the buffer */
+ if (sep >= 0) {
+ read_long_string(ls, NULL, sep); /* skip long comment */
+ luaZ_resetbuffer(ls->buff); /* previous call may dirty the buff. */
+ break;
+ }
+ }
+ /* else short comment */
+ while (!currIsNewline(ls) && ls->current != EOZ)
+ next(ls); /* skip until end of line (or end of file) */
+ break;
+ }
+ case '[': { /* long string or simply '[' */
+ int sep = skip_sep(ls);
+ if (sep >= 0) {
+ read_long_string(ls, seminfo, sep);
+ return TK_STRING;
+ }
+ else if (sep == -1) return '[';
+ else lexerror(ls, "invalid long string delimiter", TK_STRING);
+ }
+ case '=': {
+ next(ls);
+ if (ls->current != '=') return '=';
+ else { next(ls); return TK_EQ; }
+ }
+ case '<': {
+ next(ls);
+ if (ls->current != '=') return '<';
+ else { next(ls); return TK_LE; }
+ }
+ case '>': {
+ next(ls);
+ if (ls->current != '=') return '>';
+ else { next(ls); return TK_GE; }
+ }
+ case '~': {
+ next(ls);
+ if (ls->current != '=') return '~';
+ else { next(ls); return TK_NE; }
+ }
+ case ':': {
+ next(ls);
+ if (ls->current != ':') return ':';
+ else { next(ls); return TK_DBCOLON; }
+ }
+ case '"': case '\'': { /* short literal strings */
+ read_string(ls, ls->current, seminfo);
+ return TK_STRING;
+ }
+ case '.': { /* '.', '..', '...', or number */
+ save_and_next(ls);
+ if (check_next(ls, ".")) {
+ if (check_next(ls, "."))
+ return TK_DOTS; /* '...' */
+ else return TK_CONCAT; /* '..' */
+ }
+ else if (!lisdigit(ls->current)) return '.';
+ /* else go through */
+ }
+ case '0': case '1': case '2': case '3': case '4':
+ case '5': case '6': case '7': case '8': case '9': {
+ read_numeral(ls, seminfo);
+ return TK_NUMBER;
+ }
+ case EOZ: {
+ return TK_EOS;
+ }
+ default: {
+ if (lislalpha(ls->current)) { /* identifier or reserved word? */
+ TString *ts;
+ do {
+ save_and_next(ls);
+ } while (lislalnum(ls->current));
+ ts = luaX_newstring(ls, luaZ_buffer(ls->buff),
+ luaZ_bufflen(ls->buff));
+ seminfo->ts = ts;
+ if (ts->tsv.reserved > 0) /* reserved word? */
+ return ts->tsv.reserved - 1 + FIRST_RESERVED;
+ else {
+ return TK_NAME;
+ }
+ }
+ else { /* single-char tokens (+ - / ...) */
+ int c = ls->current;
+ next(ls);
+ return c;
+ }
+ }
+ }
+ }
+}
+
+
+void luaX_next (LexState *ls) {
+ ls->lastline = ls->linenumber;
+ if (ls->lookahead.token != TK_EOS) { /* is there a look-ahead token? */
+ ls->t = ls->lookahead; /* use this one */
+ ls->lookahead.token = TK_EOS; /* and discharge it */
+ }
+ else
+ ls->t.token = llex(ls, &ls->t.seminfo); /* read next token */
+}
+
+
+int luaX_lookahead (LexState *ls) {
+ lua_assert(ls->lookahead.token == TK_EOS);
+ ls->lookahead.token = llex(ls, &ls->lookahead.seminfo);
+ return ls->lookahead.token;
+}
+
--- /dev/null
+/*
+** $Id: llex.h,v 1.72 2011/11/30 12:43:51 roberto Exp $
+** Lexical Analyzer
+** See Copyright Notice in lua.h
+*/
+
+#ifndef llex_h
+#define llex_h
+
+#include "lobject.h"
+#include "lzio.h"
+
+
+#define FIRST_RESERVED 257
+
+
+
+/*
+* WARNING: if you change the order of this enumeration,
+* grep "ORDER RESERVED"
+*/
+enum RESERVED {
+ /* terminal symbols denoted by reserved words */
+ TK_AND = FIRST_RESERVED, TK_BREAK,
+ TK_DO, TK_ELSE, TK_ELSEIF, TK_END, TK_FALSE, TK_FOR, TK_FUNCTION,
+ TK_GOTO, TK_IF, TK_IN, TK_LOCAL, TK_NIL, TK_NOT, TK_OR, TK_REPEAT,
+ TK_RETURN, TK_THEN, TK_TRUE, TK_UNTIL, TK_WHILE,
+ /* other terminal symbols */
+ TK_CONCAT, TK_DOTS, TK_EQ, TK_GE, TK_LE, TK_NE, TK_DBCOLON, TK_EOS,
+ TK_NUMBER, TK_NAME, TK_STRING
+};
+
+/* number of reserved words */
+#define NUM_RESERVED (cast(int, TK_WHILE-FIRST_RESERVED+1))
+
+
+typedef union {
+ lua_Number r;
+ TString *ts;
+} SemInfo; /* semantics information */
+
+
+typedef struct Token {
+ int token;
+ SemInfo seminfo;
+} Token;
+
+
+/* state of the lexer plus state of the parser when shared by all
+ functions */
+typedef struct LexState {
+ int current; /* current character (charint) */
+ int linenumber; /* input line counter */
+ int lastline; /* line of last token `consumed' */
+ Token t; /* current token */
+ Token lookahead; /* look ahead token */
+ struct FuncState *fs; /* current function (parser) */
+ struct lua_State *L;
+ ZIO *z; /* input stream */
+ Mbuffer *buff; /* buffer for tokens */
+ struct Dyndata *dyd; /* dynamic structures used by the parser */
+ TString *source; /* current source name */
+ TString *envn; /* environment variable name */
+ char decpoint; /* locale decimal point */
+} LexState;
+
+
+LUAI_FUNC void luaX_init (lua_State *L);
+LUAI_FUNC void luaX_setinput (lua_State *L, LexState *ls, ZIO *z,
+ TString *source, int firstchar);
+LUAI_FUNC TString *luaX_newstring (LexState *ls, const char *str, size_t l);
+LUAI_FUNC void luaX_next (LexState *ls);
+LUAI_FUNC int luaX_lookahead (LexState *ls);
+LUAI_FUNC l_noret luaX_syntaxerror (LexState *ls, const char *s);
+LUAI_FUNC const char *luaX_token2str (LexState *ls, int token);
+
+
+#endif
--- /dev/null
+/*
+** $Id: llimits.h,v 1.95 2011/12/06 16:58:36 roberto Exp $
+** Limits, basic types, and some other `installation-dependent' definitions
+** See Copyright Notice in lua.h
+*/
+
+#ifndef llimits_h
+#define llimits_h
+
+
+#include <limits.h>
+#include <stddef.h>
+
+
+#include "lua.h"
+
+
+typedef unsigned LUA_INT32 lu_int32;
+
+typedef LUAI_UMEM lu_mem;
+
+typedef LUAI_MEM l_mem;
+
+
+
+/* chars used as small naturals (so that `char' is reserved for characters) */
+typedef unsigned char lu_byte;
+
+
+#define MAX_SIZET ((size_t)(~(size_t)0)-2)
+
+#define MAX_LUMEM ((lu_mem)(~(lu_mem)0)-2)
+
+
+#define MAX_INT (INT_MAX-2) /* maximum value of an int (-2 for safety) */
+
+/*
+** conversion of pointer to integer
+** this is for hashing only; there is no problem if the integer
+** cannot hold the whole pointer value
+*/
+#define IntPoint(p) ((unsigned int)(lu_mem)(p))
+
+
+
+/* type to ensure maximum alignment */
+#if !defined(LUAI_USER_ALIGNMENT_T)
+#define LUAI_USER_ALIGNMENT_T union { double u; void *s; long l; }
+#endif
+
+typedef LUAI_USER_ALIGNMENT_T L_Umaxalign;
+
+
+/* result of a `usual argument conversion' over lua_Number */
+typedef LUAI_UACNUMBER l_uacNumber;
+
+
+/* internal assertions for in-house debugging */
+#if defined(lua_assert)
+#define check_exp(c,e) (lua_assert(c), (e))
+/* to avoid problems with conditions too long */
+#define lua_longassert(c) { if (!(c)) lua_assert(0); }
+#else
+#define lua_assert(c) ((void)0)
+#define check_exp(c,e) (e)
+#define lua_longassert(c) ((void)0)
+#endif
+
+/*
+** assertion for checking API calls
+*/
+#if !defined(luai_apicheck)
+
+#if defined(LUA_USE_APICHECK)
+#include <assert.h>
+#define luai_apicheck(L,e) assert(e)
+#else
+#define luai_apicheck(L,e) lua_assert(e)
+#endif
+
+#endif
+
+#define api_check(l,e,msg) luai_apicheck(l,(e) && msg)
+
+
+#if !defined(UNUSED)
+#define UNUSED(x) ((void)(x)) /* to avoid warnings */
+#endif
+
+
+#define cast(t, exp) ((t)(exp))
+
+#define cast_byte(i) cast(lu_byte, (i))
+#define cast_num(i) cast(lua_Number, (i))
+#define cast_int(i) cast(int, (i))
+#define cast_uchar(i) cast(unsigned char, (i))
+
+
+/*
+** non-return type
+*/
+#if defined(__GNUC__)
+#define l_noret void __attribute__((noreturn))
+#elif defined(_MSC_VER)
+#define l_noret void __declspec(noreturn)
+#else
+#define l_noret void
+#endif
+
+
+
+/*
+** maximum depth for nested C calls and syntactical nested non-terminals
+** in a program. (Value must fit in an unsigned short int.)
+*/
+#if !defined(LUAI_MAXCCALLS)
+#define LUAI_MAXCCALLS 200
+#endif
+
+/*
+** maximum number of upvalues in a closure (both C and Lua). (Value
+** must fit in an unsigned char.)
+*/
+#define MAXUPVAL UCHAR_MAX
+
+
+/*
+** type for virtual-machine instructions
+** must be an unsigned with (at least) 4 bytes (see details in lopcodes.h)
+*/
+typedef lu_int32 Instruction;
+
+
+
+/* maximum stack for a Lua function */
+#define MAXSTACK 250
+
+
+
+/* minimum size for the string table (must be power of 2) */
+#if !defined(MINSTRTABSIZE)
+#define MINSTRTABSIZE 32
+#endif
+
+
+/* minimum size for string buffer */
+#if !defined(LUA_MINBUFFER)
+#define LUA_MINBUFFER 32
+#endif
+
+
+#if !defined(lua_lock)
+#define lua_lock(L) ((void) 0)
+#define lua_unlock(L) ((void) 0)
+#endif
+
+#if !defined(luai_threadyield)
+#define luai_threadyield(L) {lua_unlock(L); lua_lock(L);}
+#endif
+
+
+/*
+** these macros allow user-specific actions on threads when you defined
+** LUAI_EXTRASPACE and need to do something extra when a thread is
+** created/deleted/resumed/yielded.
+*/
+#if !defined(luai_userstateopen)
+#define luai_userstateopen(L) ((void)L)
+#endif
+
+#if !defined(luai_userstateclose)
+#define luai_userstateclose(L) ((void)L)
+#endif
+
+#if !defined(luai_userstatethread)
+#define luai_userstatethread(L,L1) ((void)L)
+#endif
+
+#if !defined(luai_userstatefree)
+#define luai_userstatefree(L,L1) ((void)L)
+#endif
+
+#if !defined(luai_userstateresume)
+#define luai_userstateresume(L,n) ((void)L)
+#endif
+
+#if !defined(luai_userstateyield)
+#define luai_userstateyield(L,n) ((void)L)
+#endif
+
+/*
+** lua_number2int is a macro to convert lua_Number to int.
+** lua_number2integer is a macro to convert lua_Number to lua_Integer.
+** lua_number2unsigned is a macro to convert a lua_Number to a lua_Unsigned.
+** lua_unsigned2number is a macro to convert a lua_Unsigned to a lua_Number.
+** luai_hashnum is a macro to hash a lua_Number value into an integer.
+** The hash must be deterministic and give reasonable values for
+** both small and large values (outside the range of integers).
+*/
+
+#if defined(MS_ASMTRICK) /* { */
+/* trick with Microsoft assembler for X86 */
+
+#define lua_number2int(i,n) __asm {__asm fld n __asm fistp i}
+#define lua_number2integer(i,n) lua_number2int(i, n)
+#define lua_number2unsigned(i,n) \
+ {__int64 l; __asm {__asm fld n __asm fistp l} i = (unsigned int)l;}
+
+
+#elif defined(LUA_IEEE754TRICK) /* }{ */
+/* the next trick should work on any machine using IEEE754 with
+ a 32-bit integer type */
+
+union luai_Cast { double l_d; LUA_INT32 l_p[2]; };
+
+#if !defined(LUA_IEEEENDIAN) /* { */
+#define LUAI_EXTRAIEEE \
+ static const union luai_Cast ieeeendian = {-(33.0 + 6755399441055744.0)};
+#define LUA_IEEEENDIAN (ieeeendian.l_p[1] == 33)
+#else
+#define LUAI_EXTRAIEEE /* empty */
+#endif /* } */
+
+#define lua_number2int32(i,n,t) \
+ { LUAI_EXTRAIEEE \
+ volatile union luai_Cast u; u.l_d = (n) + 6755399441055744.0; \
+ (i) = (t)u.l_p[LUA_IEEEENDIAN]; }
+
+#define luai_hashnum(i,n) \
+ { volatile union luai_Cast u; u.l_d = (n) + 1.0; /* avoid -0 */ \
+ (i) = u.l_p[0]; (i) += u.l_p[1]; } /* add double bits for his hash */
+
+#define lua_number2int(i,n) lua_number2int32(i, n, int)
+#define lua_number2integer(i,n) lua_number2int32(i, n, lua_Integer)
+#define lua_number2unsigned(i,n) lua_number2int32(i, n, lua_Unsigned)
+
+#endif /* } */
+
+
+/* the following definitions always work, but may be slow */
+
+#if !defined(lua_number2int)
+#define lua_number2int(i,n) ((i)=(int)(n))
+#endif
+
+#if !defined(lua_number2integer)
+#define lua_number2integer(i,n) ((i)=(lua_Integer)(n))
+#endif
+
+#if !defined(lua_number2unsigned) /* { */
+/* the following definition assures proper modulo behavior */
+#if defined(LUA_NUMBER_DOUBLE)
+#include <math.h>
+#define SUPUNSIGNED ((lua_Number)(~(lua_Unsigned)0) + 1)
+#define lua_number2unsigned(i,n) \
+ ((i)=(lua_Unsigned)((n) - floor((n)/SUPUNSIGNED)*SUPUNSIGNED))
+#else
+#define lua_number2unsigned(i,n) ((i)=(lua_Unsigned)(n))
+#endif
+#endif /* } */
+
+
+#if !defined(lua_unsigned2number)
+/* on several machines, coercion from unsigned to double is slow,
+ so it may be worth to avoid */
+#define lua_unsigned2number(u) \
+ (((u) <= (lua_Unsigned)INT_MAX) ? (lua_Number)(int)(u) : (lua_Number)(u))
+#endif
+
+
+
+#if defined(ltable_c) && !defined(luai_hashnum)
+
+#include <float.h>
+#include <math.h>
+
+#define luai_hashnum(i,n) { int e; \
+ n = frexp(n, &e) * (lua_Number)(INT_MAX - DBL_MAX_EXP); \
+ lua_number2int(i, n); i += e; }
+
+#endif
+
+
+
+/*
+** macro to control inclusion of some hard tests on stack reallocation
+*/
+#if !defined(HARDSTACKTESTS)
+#define condmovestack(L) ((void)0)
+#else
+/* realloc stack keeping its size */
+#define condmovestack(L) luaD_reallocstack((L), (L)->stacksize)
+#endif
+
+#if !defined(HARDMEMTESTS)
+#define condchangemem(L) condmovestack(L)
+#else
+#define condchangemem(L) \
+ ((void)(!(G(L)->gcrunning) || (luaC_fullgc(L, 0), 1)))
+#endif
+
+#endif
--- /dev/null
+/*
+** $Id: lmathlib.c,v 1.80 2011/07/05 12:49:35 roberto Exp $
+** Standard mathematical library
+** See Copyright Notice in lua.h
+*/
+
+
+#include <stdlib.h>
+#include <math.h>
+
+#define lmathlib_c
+#define LUA_LIB
+
+#include "lua.h"
+
+#include "lauxlib.h"
+#include "lualib.h"
+
+
+#undef PI
+#define PI (3.14159265358979323846)
+#define RADIANS_PER_DEGREE (PI/180.0)
+
+
+/* macro 'l_tg' allows the addition of an 'l' or 'f' to all math operations */
+#if !defined(l_tg)
+#define l_tg(x) (x)
+#endif
+
+
+
+static int math_abs (lua_State *L) {
+ lua_pushnumber(L, l_tg(fabs)(luaL_checknumber(L, 1)));
+ return 1;
+}
+
+static int math_sin (lua_State *L) {
+ lua_pushnumber(L, l_tg(sin)(luaL_checknumber(L, 1)));
+ return 1;
+}
+
+static int math_sinh (lua_State *L) {
+ lua_pushnumber(L, l_tg(sinh)(luaL_checknumber(L, 1)));
+ return 1;
+}
+
+static int math_cos (lua_State *L) {
+ lua_pushnumber(L, l_tg(cos)(luaL_checknumber(L, 1)));
+ return 1;
+}
+
+static int math_cosh (lua_State *L) {
+ lua_pushnumber(L, l_tg(cosh)(luaL_checknumber(L, 1)));
+ return 1;
+}
+
+static int math_tan (lua_State *L) {
+ lua_pushnumber(L, l_tg(tan)(luaL_checknumber(L, 1)));
+ return 1;
+}
+
+static int math_tanh (lua_State *L) {
+ lua_pushnumber(L, l_tg(tanh)(luaL_checknumber(L, 1)));
+ return 1;
+}
+
+static int math_asin (lua_State *L) {
+ lua_pushnumber(L, l_tg(asin)(luaL_checknumber(L, 1)));
+ return 1;
+}
+
+static int math_acos (lua_State *L) {
+ lua_pushnumber(L, l_tg(acos)(luaL_checknumber(L, 1)));
+ return 1;
+}
+
+static int math_atan (lua_State *L) {
+ lua_pushnumber(L, l_tg(atan)(luaL_checknumber(L, 1)));
+ return 1;
+}
+
+static int math_atan2 (lua_State *L) {
+ lua_pushnumber(L, l_tg(atan2)(luaL_checknumber(L, 1),
+ luaL_checknumber(L, 2)));
+ return 1;
+}
+
+static int math_ceil (lua_State *L) {
+ lua_pushnumber(L, l_tg(ceil)(luaL_checknumber(L, 1)));
+ return 1;
+}
+
+static int math_floor (lua_State *L) {
+ lua_pushnumber(L, l_tg(floor)(luaL_checknumber(L, 1)));
+ return 1;
+}
+
+static int math_fmod (lua_State *L) {
+ lua_pushnumber(L, l_tg(fmod)(luaL_checknumber(L, 1),
+ luaL_checknumber(L, 2)));
+ return 1;
+}
+
+static int math_modf (lua_State *L) {
+ lua_Number ip;
+ lua_Number fp = l_tg(modf)(luaL_checknumber(L, 1), &ip);
+ lua_pushnumber(L, ip);
+ lua_pushnumber(L, fp);
+ return 2;
+}
+
+static int math_sqrt (lua_State *L) {
+ lua_pushnumber(L, l_tg(sqrt)(luaL_checknumber(L, 1)));
+ return 1;
+}
+
+static int math_pow (lua_State *L) {
+ lua_pushnumber(L, l_tg(pow)(luaL_checknumber(L, 1),
+ luaL_checknumber(L, 2)));
+ return 1;
+}
+
+static int math_log (lua_State *L) {
+ lua_Number x = luaL_checknumber(L, 1);
+ lua_Number res;
+ if (lua_isnoneornil(L, 2))
+ res = l_tg(log)(x);
+ else {
+ lua_Number base = luaL_checknumber(L, 2);
+ if (base == 10.0) res = l_tg(log10)(x);
+ else res = l_tg(log)(x)/l_tg(log)(base);
+ }
+ lua_pushnumber(L, res);
+ return 1;
+}
+
+#if defined(LUA_COMPAT_LOG10)
+static int math_log10 (lua_State *L) {
+ lua_pushnumber(L, l_tg(log10)(luaL_checknumber(L, 1)));
+ return 1;
+}
+#endif
+
+static int math_exp (lua_State *L) {
+ lua_pushnumber(L, l_tg(exp)(luaL_checknumber(L, 1)));
+ return 1;
+}
+
+static int math_deg (lua_State *L) {
+ lua_pushnumber(L, luaL_checknumber(L, 1)/RADIANS_PER_DEGREE);
+ return 1;
+}
+
+static int math_rad (lua_State *L) {
+ lua_pushnumber(L, luaL_checknumber(L, 1)*RADIANS_PER_DEGREE);
+ return 1;
+}
+
+static int math_frexp (lua_State *L) {
+ int e;
+ lua_pushnumber(L, l_tg(frexp)(luaL_checknumber(L, 1), &e));
+ lua_pushinteger(L, e);
+ return 2;
+}
+
+static int math_ldexp (lua_State *L) {
+ lua_pushnumber(L, l_tg(ldexp)(luaL_checknumber(L, 1),
+ luaL_checkint(L, 2)));
+ return 1;
+}
+
+
+
+static int math_min (lua_State *L) {
+ int n = lua_gettop(L); /* number of arguments */
+ lua_Number dmin = luaL_checknumber(L, 1);
+ int i;
+ for (i=2; i<=n; i++) {
+ lua_Number d = luaL_checknumber(L, i);
+ if (d < dmin)
+ dmin = d;
+ }
+ lua_pushnumber(L, dmin);
+ return 1;
+}
+
+
+static int math_max (lua_State *L) {
+ int n = lua_gettop(L); /* number of arguments */
+ lua_Number dmax = luaL_checknumber(L, 1);
+ int i;
+ for (i=2; i<=n; i++) {
+ lua_Number d = luaL_checknumber(L, i);
+ if (d > dmax)
+ dmax = d;
+ }
+ lua_pushnumber(L, dmax);
+ return 1;
+}
+
+
+static int math_random (lua_State *L) {
+ /* the `%' avoids the (rare) case of r==1, and is needed also because on
+ some systems (SunOS!) `rand()' may return a value larger than RAND_MAX */
+ lua_Number r = (lua_Number)(rand()%RAND_MAX) / (lua_Number)RAND_MAX;
+ switch (lua_gettop(L)) { /* check number of arguments */
+ case 0: { /* no arguments */
+ lua_pushnumber(L, r); /* Number between 0 and 1 */
+ break;
+ }
+ case 1: { /* only upper limit */
+ lua_Number u = luaL_checknumber(L, 1);
+ luaL_argcheck(L, 1.0 <= u, 1, "interval is empty");
+ lua_pushnumber(L, l_tg(floor)(r*u) + 1.0); /* int in [1, u] */
+ break;
+ }
+ case 2: { /* lower and upper limits */
+ lua_Number l = luaL_checknumber(L, 1);
+ lua_Number u = luaL_checknumber(L, 2);
+ luaL_argcheck(L, l <= u, 2, "interval is empty");
+ lua_pushnumber(L, l_tg(floor)(r*(u-l+1)) + l); /* int in [l, u] */
+ break;
+ }
+ default: return luaL_error(L, "wrong number of arguments");
+ }
+ return 1;
+}
+
+
+static int math_randomseed (lua_State *L) {
+ srand(luaL_checkunsigned(L, 1));
+ (void)rand(); /* discard first value to avoid undesirable correlations */
+ return 0;
+}
+
+
+static const luaL_Reg mathlib[] = {
+ {"abs", math_abs},
+ {"acos", math_acos},
+ {"asin", math_asin},
+ {"atan2", math_atan2},
+ {"atan", math_atan},
+ {"ceil", math_ceil},
+ {"cosh", math_cosh},
+ {"cos", math_cos},
+ {"deg", math_deg},
+ {"exp", math_exp},
+ {"floor", math_floor},
+ {"fmod", math_fmod},
+ {"frexp", math_frexp},
+ {"ldexp", math_ldexp},
+#if defined(LUA_COMPAT_LOG10)
+ {"log10", math_log10},
+#endif
+ {"log", math_log},
+ {"max", math_max},
+ {"min", math_min},
+ {"modf", math_modf},
+ {"pow", math_pow},
+ {"rad", math_rad},
+ {"random", math_random},
+ {"randomseed", math_randomseed},
+ {"sinh", math_sinh},
+ {"sin", math_sin},
+ {"sqrt", math_sqrt},
+ {"tanh", math_tanh},
+ {"tan", math_tan},
+ {NULL, NULL}
+};
+
+
+/*
+** Open math library
+*/
+LUAMOD_API int luaopen_math (lua_State *L) {
+ luaL_newlib(L, mathlib);
+ lua_pushnumber(L, PI);
+ lua_setfield(L, -2, "pi");
+ lua_pushnumber(L, HUGE_VAL);
+ lua_setfield(L, -2, "huge");
+ return 1;
+}
+
--- /dev/null
+/*
+** $Id: lmem.c,v 1.83 2011/11/30 12:42:49 roberto Exp $
+** Interface to Memory Manager
+** See Copyright Notice in lua.h
+*/
+
+
+#include <stddef.h>
+
+#define lmem_c
+#define LUA_CORE
+
+#include "lua.h"
+
+#include "ldebug.h"
+#include "ldo.h"
+#include "lgc.h"
+#include "lmem.h"
+#include "lobject.h"
+#include "lstate.h"
+
+
+
+/*
+** About the realloc function:
+** void * frealloc (void *ud, void *ptr, size_t osize, size_t nsize);
+** (`osize' is the old size, `nsize' is the new size)
+**
+** * frealloc(ud, NULL, x, s) creates a new block of size `s' (no
+** matter 'x').
+**
+** * frealloc(ud, p, x, 0) frees the block `p'
+** (in this specific case, frealloc must return NULL);
+** particularly, frealloc(ud, NULL, 0, 0) does nothing
+** (which is equivalent to free(NULL) in ANSI C)
+**
+** frealloc returns NULL if it cannot create or reallocate the area
+** (any reallocation to an equal or smaller size cannot fail!)
+*/
+
+
+
+#define MINSIZEARRAY 4
+
+
+void *luaM_growaux_ (lua_State *L, void *block, int *size, size_t size_elems,
+ int limit, const char *what) {
+ void *newblock;
+ int newsize;
+ if (*size >= limit/2) { /* cannot double it? */
+ if (*size >= limit) /* cannot grow even a little? */
+ luaG_runerror(L, "too many %s (limit is %d)", what, limit);
+ newsize = limit; /* still have at least one free place */
+ }
+ else {
+ newsize = (*size)*2;
+ if (newsize < MINSIZEARRAY)
+ newsize = MINSIZEARRAY; /* minimum size */
+ }
+ newblock = luaM_reallocv(L, block, *size, newsize, size_elems);
+ *size = newsize; /* update only when everything else is OK */
+ return newblock;
+}
+
+
+l_noret luaM_toobig (lua_State *L) {
+ luaG_runerror(L, "memory allocation error: block too big");
+}
+
+
+
+/*
+** generic allocation routine.
+*/
+void *luaM_realloc_ (lua_State *L, void *block, size_t osize, size_t nsize) {
+ void *newblock;
+ global_State *g = G(L);
+ size_t realosize = (block) ? osize : 0;
+ lua_assert((realosize == 0) == (block == NULL));
+#if defined(HARDMEMTESTS)
+ if (nsize > realosize && g->gcrunning)
+ luaC_fullgc(L, 1); /* force a GC whenever possible */
+#endif
+ newblock = (*g->frealloc)(g->ud, block, osize, nsize);
+ if (newblock == NULL && nsize > 0) {
+ api_check(L, nsize > realosize,
+ "realloc cannot fail when shrinking a block");
+ if (g->gcrunning) {
+ luaC_fullgc(L, 1); /* try to free some memory... */
+ newblock = (*g->frealloc)(g->ud, block, osize, nsize); /* try again */
+ }
+ if (newblock == NULL)
+ luaD_throw(L, LUA_ERRMEM);
+ }
+ lua_assert((nsize == 0) == (newblock == NULL));
+ g->GCdebt = (g->GCdebt + nsize) - realosize;
+#if defined(TRACEMEM)
+ { /* auxiliary patch to monitor garbage collection.
+ ** To plot, gnuplot with following command:
+ ** plot TRACEMEM using 1:2 with lines, TRACEMEM using 1:3 with lines
+ */
+ static unsigned long total = 0; /* our "time" */
+ static FILE *f = NULL; /* output file */
+ total++; /* "time" always grows */
+ if ((total % 200) == 0) {
+ if (f == NULL) f = fopen(TRACEMEM, "w");
+ fprintf(f, "%lu %u %d %d\n", total,
+ gettotalbytes(g), g->GCdebt, g->gcstate * 10000);
+ }
+ }
+#endif
+
+ return newblock;
+}
+
--- /dev/null
+/*
+** $Id: lmem.h,v 1.38 2011/12/02 13:26:54 roberto Exp $
+** Interface to Memory Manager
+** See Copyright Notice in lua.h
+*/
+
+#ifndef lmem_h
+#define lmem_h
+
+
+#include <stddef.h>
+
+#include "llimits.h"
+#include "lua.h"
+
+
+#define luaM_reallocv(L,b,on,n,e) \
+ ((cast(size_t, (n)+1) > MAX_SIZET/(e)) ? /* +1 to avoid warnings */ \
+ (luaM_toobig(L), (void *)0) : \
+ luaM_realloc_(L, (b), (on)*(e), (n)*(e)))
+
+#define luaM_freemem(L, b, s) luaM_realloc_(L, (b), (s), 0)
+#define luaM_free(L, b) luaM_realloc_(L, (b), sizeof(*(b)), 0)
+#define luaM_freearray(L, b, n) luaM_reallocv(L, (b), n, 0, sizeof((b)[0]))
+
+#define luaM_malloc(L,s) luaM_realloc_(L, NULL, 0, (s))
+#define luaM_new(L,t) cast(t *, luaM_malloc(L, sizeof(t)))
+#define luaM_newvector(L,n,t) \
+ cast(t *, luaM_reallocv(L, NULL, 0, n, sizeof(t)))
+
+#define luaM_newobject(L,tag,s) luaM_realloc_(L, NULL, tag, (s))
+
+#define luaM_growvector(L,v,nelems,size,t,limit,e) \
+ if ((nelems)+1 > (size)) \
+ ((v)=cast(t *, luaM_growaux_(L,v,&(size),sizeof(t),limit,e)))
+
+#define luaM_reallocvector(L, v,oldn,n,t) \
+ ((v)=cast(t *, luaM_reallocv(L, v, oldn, n, sizeof(t))))
+
+LUAI_FUNC l_noret luaM_toobig (lua_State *L);
+
+/* not to be called directly */
+LUAI_FUNC void *luaM_realloc_ (lua_State *L, void *block, size_t oldsize,
+ size_t size);
+LUAI_FUNC void *luaM_growaux_ (lua_State *L, void *block, int *size,
+ size_t size_elem, int limit,
+ const char *what);
+
+#endif
+
--- /dev/null
+/*
+** $Id: loadlib.c,v 1.108 2011/12/12 16:34:03 roberto Exp $
+** Dynamic library loader for Lua
+** See Copyright Notice in lua.h
+**
+** This module contains an implementation of loadlib for Unix systems
+** that have dlfcn, an implementation for Windows, and a stub for other
+** systems.
+*/
+
+
+/*
+** if needed, includes windows header before everything else
+*/
+#if defined(_WIN32)
+#include <windows.h>
+#endif
+
+
+#include <stdlib.h>
+#include <string.h>
+
+
+#define loadlib_c
+#define LUA_LIB
+
+#include "lua.h"
+
+#include "lauxlib.h"
+#include "lualib.h"
+
+
+/*
+** LUA_PATH and LUA_CPATH are the names of the environment
+** variables that Lua check to set its paths.
+*/
+#if !defined(LUA_PATH)
+#define LUA_PATH "LUA_PATH"
+#endif
+
+#if !defined(LUA_CPATH)
+#define LUA_CPATH "LUA_CPATH"
+#endif
+
+#define LUA_PATHSUFFIX "_" LUA_VERSION_MAJOR "_" LUA_VERSION_MINOR
+
+#define LUA_PATHVERSION LUA_PATH LUA_PATHSUFFIX
+#define LUA_CPATHVERSION LUA_CPATH LUA_PATHSUFFIX
+
+/*
+** LUA_PATH_SEP is the character that separates templates in a path.
+** LUA_PATH_MARK is the string that marks the substitution points in a
+** template.
+** LUA_EXEC_DIR in a Windows path is replaced by the executable's
+** directory.
+** LUA_IGMARK is a mark to ignore all before it when building the
+** luaopen_ function name.
+*/
+#if !defined (LUA_PATH_SEP)
+#define LUA_PATH_SEP ";"
+#endif
+#if !defined (LUA_PATH_MARK)
+#define LUA_PATH_MARK "?"
+#endif
+#if !defined (LUA_EXEC_DIR)
+#define LUA_EXEC_DIR "!"
+#endif
+#if !defined (LUA_IGMARK)
+#define LUA_IGMARK "-"
+#endif
+
+
+/*
+** LUA_CSUBSEP is the character that replaces dots in submodule names
+** when searching for a C loader.
+** LUA_LSUBSEP is the character that replaces dots in submodule names
+** when searching for a Lua loader.
+*/
+#if !defined(LUA_CSUBSEP)
+#define LUA_CSUBSEP LUA_DIRSEP
+#endif
+
+#if !defined(LUA_LSUBSEP)
+#define LUA_LSUBSEP LUA_DIRSEP
+#endif
+
+
+/* prefix for open functions in C libraries */
+#define LUA_POF "luaopen_"
+
+/* separator for open functions in C libraries */
+#define LUA_OFSEP "_"
+
+
+#define LIBPREFIX "LOADLIB: "
+
+#define POF LUA_POF
+#define LIB_FAIL "open"
+
+
+/* error codes for ll_loadfunc */
+#define ERRLIB 1
+#define ERRFUNC 2
+
+#define setprogdir(L) ((void)0)
+
+
+/*
+** system-dependent functions
+*/
+static void ll_unloadlib (void *lib);
+static void *ll_load (lua_State *L, const char *path, int seeglb);
+static lua_CFunction ll_sym (lua_State *L, void *lib, const char *sym);
+
+
+
+#if defined(LUA_USE_DLOPEN)
+/*
+** {========================================================================
+** This is an implementation of loadlib based on the dlfcn interface.
+** The dlfcn interface is available in Linux, SunOS, Solaris, IRIX, FreeBSD,
+** NetBSD, AIX 4.2, HPUX 11, and probably most other Unix flavors, at least
+** as an emulation layer on top of native functions.
+** =========================================================================
+*/
+
+#include <dlfcn.h>
+
+static void ll_unloadlib (void *lib) {
+ dlclose(lib);
+}
+
+
+static void *ll_load (lua_State *L, const char *path, int seeglb) {
+ void *lib = dlopen(path, RTLD_NOW | (seeglb ? RTLD_GLOBAL : RTLD_LOCAL));
+ if (lib == NULL) lua_pushstring(L, dlerror());
+ return lib;
+}
+
+
+static lua_CFunction ll_sym (lua_State *L, void *lib, const char *sym) {
+ lua_CFunction f = (lua_CFunction)dlsym(lib, sym);
+ if (f == NULL) lua_pushstring(L, dlerror());
+ return f;
+}
+
+/* }====================================================== */
+
+
+
+#elif defined(LUA_DL_DLL)
+/*
+** {======================================================================
+** This is an implementation of loadlib for Windows using native functions.
+** =======================================================================
+*/
+
+#undef setprogdir
+
+/*
+** optional flags for LoadLibraryEx
+*/
+#if !defined(LUA_LLE_FLAGS)
+#define LUA_LLE_FLAGS 0
+#endif
+
+
+static void setprogdir (lua_State *L) {
+ char buff[MAX_PATH + 1];
+ char *lb;
+ DWORD nsize = sizeof(buff)/sizeof(char);
+ DWORD n = GetModuleFileNameA(NULL, buff, nsize);
+ if (n == 0 || n == nsize || (lb = strrchr(buff, '\\')) == NULL)
+ luaL_error(L, "unable to get ModuleFileName");
+ else {
+ *lb = '\0';
+ luaL_gsub(L, lua_tostring(L, -1), LUA_EXEC_DIR, buff);
+ lua_remove(L, -2); /* remove original string */
+ }
+}
+
+
+static void pusherror (lua_State *L) {
+ int error = GetLastError();
+ char buffer[128];
+ if (FormatMessageA(FORMAT_MESSAGE_IGNORE_INSERTS | FORMAT_MESSAGE_FROM_SYSTEM,
+ NULL, error, 0, buffer, sizeof(buffer)/sizeof(char), NULL))
+ lua_pushstring(L, buffer);
+ else
+ lua_pushfstring(L, "system error %d\n", error);
+}
+
+static void ll_unloadlib (void *lib) {
+ FreeLibrary((HMODULE)lib);
+}
+
+
+static void *ll_load (lua_State *L, const char *path, int seeglb) {
+ HMODULE lib = LoadLibraryExA(path, NULL, LUA_LLE_FLAGS);
+ (void)(seeglb); /* not used: symbols are 'global' by default */
+ if (lib == NULL) pusherror(L);
+ return lib;
+}
+
+
+static lua_CFunction ll_sym (lua_State *L, void *lib, const char *sym) {
+ lua_CFunction f = (lua_CFunction)GetProcAddress((HMODULE)lib, sym);
+ if (f == NULL) pusherror(L);
+ return f;
+}
+
+/* }====================================================== */
+
+
+#else
+/*
+** {======================================================
+** Fallback for other systems
+** =======================================================
+*/
+
+#undef LIB_FAIL
+#define LIB_FAIL "absent"
+
+
+#define DLMSG "dynamic libraries not enabled; check your Lua installation"
+
+
+static void ll_unloadlib (void *lib) {
+ (void)(lib); /* not used */
+}
+
+
+static void *ll_load (lua_State *L, const char *path, int seeglb) {
+ (void)(path); (void)(seeglb); /* not used */
+ lua_pushliteral(L, DLMSG);
+ return NULL;
+}
+
+
+static lua_CFunction ll_sym (lua_State *L, void *lib, const char *sym) {
+ (void)(lib); (void)(sym); /* not used */
+ lua_pushliteral(L, DLMSG);
+ return NULL;
+}
+
+/* }====================================================== */
+#endif
+
+
+
+static void **ll_register (lua_State *L, const char *path) {
+ void **plib;
+ lua_pushfstring(L, "%s%s", LIBPREFIX, path);
+ lua_gettable(L, LUA_REGISTRYINDEX); /* check library in registry? */
+ if (!lua_isnil(L, -1)) /* is there an entry? */
+ plib = (void **)lua_touserdata(L, -1);
+ else { /* no entry yet; create one */
+ lua_pop(L, 1); /* remove result from gettable */
+ plib = (void **)lua_newuserdata(L, sizeof(const void *));
+ *plib = NULL;
+ luaL_setmetatable(L, "_LOADLIB");
+ lua_pushfstring(L, "%s%s", LIBPREFIX, path);
+ lua_pushvalue(L, -2);
+ lua_settable(L, LUA_REGISTRYINDEX);
+ }
+ return plib;
+}
+
+
+/*
+** __gc tag method: calls library's `ll_unloadlib' function with the lib
+** handle
+*/
+static int gctm (lua_State *L) {
+ void **lib = (void **)luaL_checkudata(L, 1, "_LOADLIB");
+ if (*lib) ll_unloadlib(*lib);
+ *lib = NULL; /* mark library as closed */
+ return 0;
+}
+
+
+static int ll_loadfunc (lua_State *L, const char *path, const char *sym) {
+ void **reg = ll_register(L, path);
+ if (*reg == NULL) *reg = ll_load(L, path, *sym == '*');
+ if (*reg == NULL) return ERRLIB; /* unable to load library */
+ if (*sym == '*') { /* loading only library (no function)? */
+ lua_pushboolean(L, 1); /* return 'true' */
+ return 0; /* no errors */
+ }
+ else {
+ lua_CFunction f = ll_sym(L, *reg, sym);
+ if (f == NULL)
+ return ERRFUNC; /* unable to find function */
+ lua_pushcfunction(L, f); /* else create new function */
+ return 0; /* no errors */
+ }
+}
+
+
+static int ll_loadlib (lua_State *L) {
+ const char *path = luaL_checkstring(L, 1);
+ const char *init = luaL_checkstring(L, 2);
+ int stat = ll_loadfunc(L, path, init);
+ if (stat == 0) /* no errors? */
+ return 1; /* return the loaded function */
+ else { /* error; error message is on stack top */
+ lua_pushnil(L);
+ lua_insert(L, -2);
+ lua_pushstring(L, (stat == ERRLIB) ? LIB_FAIL : "init");
+ return 3; /* return nil, error message, and where */
+ }
+}
+
+
+
+/*
+** {======================================================
+** 'require' function
+** =======================================================
+*/
+
+
+static int readable (const char *filename) {
+ FILE *f = fopen(filename, "r"); /* try to open file */
+ if (f == NULL) return 0; /* open failed */
+ fclose(f);
+ return 1;
+}
+
+
+static const char *pushnexttemplate (lua_State *L, const char *path) {
+ const char *l;
+ while (*path == *LUA_PATH_SEP) path++; /* skip separators */
+ if (*path == '\0') return NULL; /* no more templates */
+ l = strchr(path, *LUA_PATH_SEP); /* find next separator */
+ if (l == NULL) l = path + strlen(path);
+ lua_pushlstring(L, path, l - path); /* template */
+ return l;
+}
+
+
+static const char *searchpath (lua_State *L, const char *name,
+ const char *path,
+ const char *sep,
+ const char *dirsep) {
+ luaL_Buffer msg; /* to build error message */
+ luaL_buffinit(L, &msg);
+ if (*sep != '\0') /* non-empty separator? */
+ name = luaL_gsub(L, name, sep, dirsep); /* replace it by 'dirsep' */
+ while ((path = pushnexttemplate(L, path)) != NULL) {
+ const char *filename = luaL_gsub(L, lua_tostring(L, -1),
+ LUA_PATH_MARK, name);
+ lua_remove(L, -2); /* remove path template */
+ if (readable(filename)) /* does file exist and is readable? */
+ return filename; /* return that file name */
+ lua_pushfstring(L, "\n\tno file " LUA_QS, filename);
+ lua_remove(L, -2); /* remove file name */
+ luaL_addvalue(&msg); /* concatenate error msg. entry */
+ }
+ luaL_pushresult(&msg); /* create error message */
+ return NULL; /* not found */
+}
+
+
+static int ll_searchpath (lua_State *L) {
+ const char *f = searchpath(L, luaL_checkstring(L, 1),
+ luaL_checkstring(L, 2),
+ luaL_optstring(L, 3, "."),
+ luaL_optstring(L, 4, LUA_DIRSEP));
+ if (f != NULL) return 1;
+ else { /* error message is on top of the stack */
+ lua_pushnil(L);
+ lua_insert(L, -2);
+ return 2; /* return nil + error message */
+ }
+}
+
+
+static const char *findfile (lua_State *L, const char *name,
+ const char *pname,
+ const char *dirsep) {
+ const char *path;
+ lua_getfield(L, lua_upvalueindex(1), pname);
+ path = lua_tostring(L, -1);
+ if (path == NULL)
+ luaL_error(L, LUA_QL("package.%s") " must be a string", pname);
+ return searchpath(L, name, path, ".", dirsep);
+}
+
+
+static int checkload (lua_State *L, int stat, const char *filename) {
+ if (stat) { /* module loaded successfully? */
+ lua_pushstring(L, filename); /* will be 2nd argument to module */
+ return 2; /* return open function and file name */
+ }
+ else
+ return luaL_error(L, "error loading module " LUA_QS
+ " from file " LUA_QS ":\n\t%s",
+ lua_tostring(L, 1), filename, lua_tostring(L, -1));
+}
+
+
+static int searcher_Lua (lua_State *L) {
+ const char *filename;
+ const char *name = luaL_checkstring(L, 1);
+ filename = findfile(L, name, "path", LUA_LSUBSEP);
+ if (filename == NULL) return 1; /* module not found in this path */
+ return checkload(L, (luaL_loadfile(L, filename) == LUA_OK), filename);
+}
+
+
+static int loadfunc (lua_State *L, const char *filename, const char *modname) {
+ const char *funcname;
+ const char *mark;
+ modname = luaL_gsub(L, modname, ".", LUA_OFSEP);
+ mark = strchr(modname, *LUA_IGMARK);
+ if (mark) {
+ int stat;
+ funcname = lua_pushlstring(L, modname, mark - modname);
+ funcname = lua_pushfstring(L, POF"%s", funcname);
+ stat = ll_loadfunc(L, filename, funcname);
+ if (stat != ERRFUNC) return stat;
+ modname = mark + 1; /* else go ahead and try old-style name */
+ }
+ funcname = lua_pushfstring(L, POF"%s", modname);
+ return ll_loadfunc(L, filename, funcname);
+}
+
+
+static int searcher_C (lua_State *L) {
+ const char *name = luaL_checkstring(L, 1);
+ const char *filename = findfile(L, name, "cpath", LUA_CSUBSEP);
+ if (filename == NULL) return 1; /* module not found in this path */
+ return checkload(L, (loadfunc(L, filename, name) == 0), filename);
+}
+
+
+static int searcher_Croot (lua_State *L) {
+ const char *filename;
+ const char *name = luaL_checkstring(L, 1);
+ const char *p = strchr(name, '.');
+ int stat;
+ if (p == NULL) return 0; /* is root */
+ lua_pushlstring(L, name, p - name);
+ filename = findfile(L, lua_tostring(L, -1), "cpath", LUA_CSUBSEP);
+ if (filename == NULL) return 1; /* root not found */
+ if ((stat = loadfunc(L, filename, name)) != 0) {
+ if (stat != ERRFUNC)
+ return checkload(L, 0, filename); /* real error */
+ else { /* open function not found */
+ lua_pushfstring(L, "\n\tno module " LUA_QS " in file " LUA_QS,
+ name, filename);
+ return 1;
+ }
+ }
+ lua_pushstring(L, filename); /* will be 2nd argument to module */
+ return 2;
+}
+
+
+static int searcher_preload (lua_State *L) {
+ const char *name = luaL_checkstring(L, 1);
+ lua_getfield(L, LUA_REGISTRYINDEX, "_PRELOAD");
+ lua_getfield(L, -1, name);
+ if (lua_isnil(L, -1)) /* not found? */
+ lua_pushfstring(L, "\n\tno field package.preload['%s']", name);
+ return 1;
+}
+
+
+static void findloader (lua_State *L, const char *name) {
+ int i;
+ luaL_Buffer msg; /* to build error message */
+ luaL_buffinit(L, &msg);
+ lua_getfield(L, lua_upvalueindex(1), "searchers"); /* will be at index 3 */
+ if (!lua_istable(L, 3))
+ luaL_error(L, LUA_QL("package.searchers") " must be a table");
+ /* iterate over available seachers to find a loader */
+ for (i = 1; ; i++) {
+ lua_rawgeti(L, 3, i); /* get a seacher */
+ if (lua_isnil(L, -1)) { /* no more searchers? */
+ lua_pop(L, 1); /* remove nil */
+ luaL_pushresult(&msg); /* create error message */
+ luaL_error(L, "module " LUA_QS " not found:%s",
+ name, lua_tostring(L, -1));
+ }
+ lua_pushstring(L, name);
+ lua_call(L, 1, 2); /* call it */
+ if (lua_isfunction(L, -2)) /* did it find a loader? */
+ return; /* module loader found */
+ else if (lua_isstring(L, -2)) { /* searcher returned error message? */
+ lua_pop(L, 1); /* remove extra return */
+ luaL_addvalue(&msg); /* concatenate error message */
+ }
+ else
+ lua_pop(L, 2); /* remove both returns */
+ }
+}
+
+
+static int ll_require (lua_State *L) {
+ const char *name = luaL_checkstring(L, 1);
+ lua_settop(L, 1); /* _LOADED table will be at index 2 */
+ lua_getfield(L, LUA_REGISTRYINDEX, "_LOADED");
+ lua_getfield(L, 2, name); /* _LOADED[name] */
+ if (lua_toboolean(L, -1)) /* is it there? */
+ return 1; /* package is already loaded */
+ /* else must load package */
+ lua_pop(L, 1); /* remove 'getfield' result */
+ findloader(L, name);
+ lua_pushstring(L, name); /* pass name as argument to module loader */
+ lua_insert(L, -2); /* name is 1st argument (before search data) */
+ lua_call(L, 2, 1); /* run loader to load module */
+ if (!lua_isnil(L, -1)) /* non-nil return? */
+ lua_setfield(L, 2, name); /* _LOADED[name] = returned value */
+ lua_getfield(L, 2, name);
+ if (lua_isnil(L, -1)) { /* module did not set a value? */
+ lua_pushboolean(L, 1); /* use true as result */
+ lua_pushvalue(L, -1); /* extra copy to be returned */
+ lua_setfield(L, 2, name); /* _LOADED[name] = true */
+ }
+ return 1;
+}
+
+/* }====================================================== */
+
+
+
+/*
+** {======================================================
+** 'module' function
+** =======================================================
+*/
+#if defined(LUA_COMPAT_MODULE)
+
+/*
+** changes the environment variable of calling function
+*/
+static void set_env (lua_State *L) {
+ lua_Debug ar;
+ if (lua_getstack(L, 1, &ar) == 0 ||
+ lua_getinfo(L, "f", &ar) == 0 || /* get calling function */
+ lua_iscfunction(L, -1))
+ luaL_error(L, LUA_QL("module") " not called from a Lua function");
+ lua_pushvalue(L, -2); /* copy new environment table to top */
+ lua_setupvalue(L, -2, 1);
+ lua_pop(L, 1); /* remove function */
+}
+
+
+static void dooptions (lua_State *L, int n) {
+ int i;
+ for (i = 2; i <= n; i++) {
+ if (lua_isfunction(L, i)) { /* avoid 'calling' extra info. */
+ lua_pushvalue(L, i); /* get option (a function) */
+ lua_pushvalue(L, -2); /* module */
+ lua_call(L, 1, 0);
+ }
+ }
+}
+
+
+static void modinit (lua_State *L, const char *modname) {
+ const char *dot;
+ lua_pushvalue(L, -1);
+ lua_setfield(L, -2, "_M"); /* module._M = module */
+ lua_pushstring(L, modname);
+ lua_setfield(L, -2, "_NAME");
+ dot = strrchr(modname, '.'); /* look for last dot in module name */
+ if (dot == NULL) dot = modname;
+ else dot++;
+ /* set _PACKAGE as package name (full module name minus last part) */
+ lua_pushlstring(L, modname, dot - modname);
+ lua_setfield(L, -2, "_PACKAGE");
+}
+
+
+static int ll_module (lua_State *L) {
+ const char *modname = luaL_checkstring(L, 1);
+ int lastarg = lua_gettop(L); /* last parameter */
+ luaL_pushmodule(L, modname, 1); /* get/create module table */
+ /* check whether table already has a _NAME field */
+ lua_getfield(L, -1, "_NAME");
+ if (!lua_isnil(L, -1)) /* is table an initialized module? */
+ lua_pop(L, 1);
+ else { /* no; initialize it */
+ lua_pop(L, 1);
+ modinit(L, modname);
+ }
+ lua_pushvalue(L, -1);
+ set_env(L);
+ dooptions(L, lastarg);
+ return 1;
+}
+
+
+static int ll_seeall (lua_State *L) {
+ luaL_checktype(L, 1, LUA_TTABLE);
+ if (!lua_getmetatable(L, 1)) {
+ lua_createtable(L, 0, 1); /* create new metatable */
+ lua_pushvalue(L, -1);
+ lua_setmetatable(L, 1);
+ }
+ lua_pushglobaltable(L);
+ lua_setfield(L, -2, "__index"); /* mt.__index = _G */
+ return 0;
+}
+
+#endif
+/* }====================================================== */
+
+
+
+/* auxiliary mark (for internal use) */
+#define AUXMARK "\1"
+
+
+/*
+** return registry.LUA_NOENV as a boolean
+*/
+static int noenv (lua_State *L) {
+ int b;
+ lua_getfield(L, LUA_REGISTRYINDEX, "LUA_NOENV");
+ b = lua_toboolean(L, -1);
+ lua_pop(L, 1); /* remove value */
+ return b;
+}
+
+
+static void setpath (lua_State *L, const char *fieldname, const char *envname1,
+ const char *envname2, const char *def) {
+ const char *path = getenv(envname1);
+ if (path == NULL) /* no environment variable? */
+ path = getenv(envname2); /* try alternative name */
+ if (path == NULL || noenv(L)) /* no environment variable? */
+ lua_pushstring(L, def); /* use default */
+ else {
+ /* replace ";;" by ";AUXMARK;" and then AUXMARK by default path */
+ path = luaL_gsub(L, path, LUA_PATH_SEP LUA_PATH_SEP,
+ LUA_PATH_SEP AUXMARK LUA_PATH_SEP);
+ luaL_gsub(L, path, AUXMARK, def);
+ lua_remove(L, -2);
+ }
+ setprogdir(L);
+ lua_setfield(L, -2, fieldname);
+}
+
+
+static const luaL_Reg pk_funcs[] = {
+ {"loadlib", ll_loadlib},
+ {"searchpath", ll_searchpath},
+#if defined(LUA_COMPAT_MODULE)
+ {"seeall", ll_seeall},
+#endif
+ {NULL, NULL}
+};
+
+
+static const luaL_Reg ll_funcs[] = {
+#if defined(LUA_COMPAT_MODULE)
+ {"module", ll_module},
+#endif
+ {"require", ll_require},
+ {NULL, NULL}
+};
+
+
+static const lua_CFunction searchers[] =
+ {searcher_preload, searcher_Lua, searcher_C, searcher_Croot, NULL};
+
+
+LUAMOD_API int luaopen_package (lua_State *L) {
+ int i;
+ /* create new type _LOADLIB */
+ luaL_newmetatable(L, "_LOADLIB");
+ lua_pushcfunction(L, gctm);
+ lua_setfield(L, -2, "__gc");
+ /* create `package' table */
+ luaL_newlib(L, pk_funcs);
+ /* create 'searchers' table */
+ lua_createtable(L, sizeof(searchers)/sizeof(searchers[0]) - 1, 0);
+ /* fill it with pre-defined searchers */
+ for (i=0; searchers[i] != NULL; i++) {
+ lua_pushvalue(L, -2); /* set 'package' as upvalue for all searchers */
+ lua_pushcclosure(L, searchers[i], 1);
+ lua_rawseti(L, -2, i+1);
+ }
+#if defined(LUA_COMPAT_LOADERS)
+ lua_pushvalue(L, -1); /* make a copy of 'searchers' table */
+ lua_setfield(L, -3, "loaders"); /* put it in field `loaders' */
+#endif
+ lua_setfield(L, -2, "searchers"); /* put it in field 'searchers' */
+ /* set field 'path' */
+ setpath(L, "path", LUA_PATHVERSION, LUA_PATH, LUA_PATH_DEFAULT);
+ /* set field 'cpath' */
+ setpath(L, "cpath", LUA_CPATHVERSION, LUA_CPATH, LUA_CPATH_DEFAULT);
+ /* store config information */
+ lua_pushliteral(L, LUA_DIRSEP "\n" LUA_PATH_SEP "\n" LUA_PATH_MARK "\n"
+ LUA_EXEC_DIR "\n" LUA_IGMARK "\n");
+ lua_setfield(L, -2, "config");
+ /* set field `loaded' */
+ luaL_getsubtable(L, LUA_REGISTRYINDEX, "_LOADED");
+ lua_setfield(L, -2, "loaded");
+ /* set field `preload' */
+ luaL_getsubtable(L, LUA_REGISTRYINDEX, "_PRELOAD");
+ lua_setfield(L, -2, "preload");
+ lua_pushglobaltable(L);
+ lua_pushvalue(L, -2); /* set 'package' as upvalue for next lib */
+ luaL_setfuncs(L, ll_funcs, 1); /* open lib into global table */
+ lua_pop(L, 1); /* pop global table */
+ return 1; /* return 'package' table */
+}
+
--- /dev/null
+/*
+** $Id: lobject.c,v 2.55 2011/11/30 19:30:16 roberto Exp $
+** Some generic functions over Lua objects
+** See Copyright Notice in lua.h
+*/
+
+#include <stdarg.h>
+#include <stdio.h>
+#include <stdlib.h>
+#include <string.h>
+
+#define lobject_c
+#define LUA_CORE
+
+#include "lua.h"
+
+#include "lctype.h"
+#include "ldebug.h"
+#include "ldo.h"
+#include "lmem.h"
+#include "lobject.h"
+#include "lstate.h"
+#include "lstring.h"
+#include "lvm.h"
+
+
+
+LUAI_DDEF const TValue luaO_nilobject_ = {NILCONSTANT};
+
+
+/*
+** converts an integer to a "floating point byte", represented as
+** (eeeeexxx), where the real value is (1xxx) * 2^(eeeee - 1) if
+** eeeee != 0 and (xxx) otherwise.
+*/
+int luaO_int2fb (unsigned int x) {
+ int e = 0; /* exponent */
+ if (x < 8) return x;
+ while (x >= 0x10) {
+ x = (x+1) >> 1;
+ e++;
+ }
+ return ((e+1) << 3) | (cast_int(x) - 8);
+}
+
+
+/* converts back */
+int luaO_fb2int (int x) {
+ int e = (x >> 3) & 0x1f;
+ if (e == 0) return x;
+ else return ((x & 7) + 8) << (e - 1);
+}
+
+
+int luaO_ceillog2 (unsigned int x) {
+ static const lu_byte log_2[256] = {
+ 0,1,2,2,3,3,3,3,4,4,4,4,4,4,4,4,5,5,5,5,5,5,5,5,5,5,5,5,5,5,5,5,
+ 6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,
+ 7,7,7,7,7,7,7,7,7,7,7,7,7,7,7,7,7,7,7,7,7,7,7,7,7,7,7,7,7,7,7,7,
+ 7,7,7,7,7,7,7,7,7,7,7,7,7,7,7,7,7,7,7,7,7,7,7,7,7,7,7,7,7,7,7,7,
+ 8,8,8,8,8,8,8,8,8,8,8,8,8,8,8,8,8,8,8,8,8,8,8,8,8,8,8,8,8,8,8,8,
+ 8,8,8,8,8,8,8,8,8,8,8,8,8,8,8,8,8,8,8,8,8,8,8,8,8,8,8,8,8,8,8,8,
+ 8,8,8,8,8,8,8,8,8,8,8,8,8,8,8,8,8,8,8,8,8,8,8,8,8,8,8,8,8,8,8,8,
+ 8,8,8,8,8,8,8,8,8,8,8,8,8,8,8,8,8,8,8,8,8,8,8,8,8,8,8,8,8,8,8,8
+ };
+ int l = 0;
+ x--;
+ while (x >= 256) { l += 8; x >>= 8; }
+ return l + log_2[x];
+}
+
+
+lua_Number luaO_arith (int op, lua_Number v1, lua_Number v2) {
+ switch (op) {
+ case LUA_OPADD: return luai_numadd(NULL, v1, v2);
+ case LUA_OPSUB: return luai_numsub(NULL, v1, v2);
+ case LUA_OPMUL: return luai_nummul(NULL, v1, v2);
+ case LUA_OPDIV: return luai_numdiv(NULL, v1, v2);
+ case LUA_OPMOD: return luai_nummod(NULL, v1, v2);
+ case LUA_OPPOW: return luai_numpow(NULL, v1, v2);
+ case LUA_OPUNM: return luai_numunm(NULL, v1);
+ default: lua_assert(0); return 0;
+ }
+}
+
+
+int luaO_hexavalue (int c) {
+ if (lisdigit(c)) return c - '0';
+ else return ltolower(c) - 'a' + 10;
+}
+
+
+#if !defined(lua_strx2number)
+
+#include <math.h>
+
+
+static int isneg (const char **s) {
+ if (**s == '-') { (*s)++; return 1; }
+ else if (**s == '+') (*s)++;
+ return 0;
+}
+
+
+static lua_Number readhexa (const char **s, lua_Number r, int *count) {
+ for (; lisxdigit(cast_uchar(**s)); (*s)++) { /* read integer part */
+ r = (r * 16.0) + cast_num(luaO_hexavalue(cast_uchar(**s)));
+ (*count)++;
+ }
+ return r;
+}
+
+
+/*
+** convert an hexadecimal numeric string to a number, following
+** C99 specification for 'strtod'
+*/
+static lua_Number lua_strx2number (const char *s, char **endptr) {
+ lua_Number r = 0.0;
+ int e = 0, i = 0;
+ int neg = 0; /* 1 if number is negative */
+ *endptr = cast(char *, s); /* nothing is valid yet */
+ while (lisspace(cast_uchar(*s))) s++; /* skip initial spaces */
+ neg = isneg(&s); /* check signal */
+ if (!(*s == '0' && (*(s + 1) == 'x' || *(s + 1) == 'X'))) /* check '0x' */
+ return 0.0; /* invalid format (no '0x') */
+ s += 2; /* skip '0x' */
+ r = readhexa(&s, r, &i); /* read integer part */
+ if (*s == '.') {
+ s++; /* skip dot */
+ r = readhexa(&s, r, &e); /* read fractional part */
+ }
+ if (i == 0 && e == 0)
+ return 0.0; /* invalid format (no digit) */
+ e *= -4; /* each fractional digit divides value by 2^-4 */
+ *endptr = cast(char *, s); /* valid up to here */
+ if (*s == 'p' || *s == 'P') { /* exponent part? */
+ int exp1 = 0;
+ int neg1;
+ s++; /* skip 'p' */
+ neg1 = isneg(&s); /* signal */
+ if (!lisdigit(cast_uchar(*s)))
+ goto ret; /* must have at least one digit */
+ while (lisdigit(cast_uchar(*s))) /* read exponent */
+ exp1 = exp1 * 10 + *(s++) - '0';
+ if (neg1) exp1 = -exp1;
+ e += exp1;
+ }
+ *endptr = cast(char *, s); /* valid up to here */
+ ret:
+ if (neg) r = -r;
+ return ldexp(r, e);
+}
+
+#endif
+
+
+int luaO_str2d (const char *s, size_t len, lua_Number *result) {
+ char *endptr;
+ if (strpbrk(s, "nN")) /* reject 'inf' and 'nan' */
+ return 0;
+ else if (strpbrk(s, "xX")) /* hexa? */
+ *result = lua_strx2number(s, &endptr);
+ else
+ *result = lua_str2number(s, &endptr);
+ if (endptr == s) return 0; /* nothing recognized */
+ while (lisspace(cast_uchar(*endptr))) endptr++;
+ return (endptr == s + len); /* OK if no trailing characters */
+}
+
+
+
+static void pushstr (lua_State *L, const char *str, size_t l) {
+ setsvalue2s(L, L->top, luaS_newlstr(L, str, l));
+ incr_top(L);
+}
+
+
+/* this function handles only `%d', `%c', %f, %p, and `%s' formats */
+const char *luaO_pushvfstring (lua_State *L, const char *fmt, va_list argp) {
+ int n = 0;
+ for (;;) {
+ const char *e = strchr(fmt, '%');
+ if (e == NULL) break;
+ setsvalue2s(L, L->top, luaS_newlstr(L, fmt, e-fmt));
+ incr_top(L);
+ switch (*(e+1)) {
+ case 's': {
+ const char *s = va_arg(argp, char *);
+ if (s == NULL) s = "(null)";
+ pushstr(L, s, strlen(s));
+ break;
+ }
+ case 'c': {
+ char buff;
+ buff = cast(char, va_arg(argp, int));
+ pushstr(L, &buff, 1);
+ break;
+ }
+ case 'd': {
+ setnvalue(L->top, cast_num(va_arg(argp, int)));
+ incr_top(L);
+ break;
+ }
+ case 'f': {
+ setnvalue(L->top, cast_num(va_arg(argp, l_uacNumber)));
+ incr_top(L);
+ break;
+ }
+ case 'p': {
+ char buff[4*sizeof(void *) + 8]; /* should be enough space for a `%p' */
+ int l = sprintf(buff, "%p", va_arg(argp, void *));
+ pushstr(L, buff, l);
+ break;
+ }
+ case '%': {
+ pushstr(L, "%", 1);
+ break;
+ }
+ default: {
+ luaG_runerror(L,
+ "invalid option " LUA_QL("%%%c") " to " LUA_QL("lua_pushfstring"),
+ *(e + 1));
+ }
+ }
+ n += 2;
+ fmt = e+2;
+ }
+ pushstr(L, fmt, strlen(fmt));
+ if (n > 0) luaV_concat(L, n + 1);
+ return svalue(L->top - 1);
+}
+
+
+const char *luaO_pushfstring (lua_State *L, const char *fmt, ...) {
+ const char *msg;
+ va_list argp;
+ va_start(argp, fmt);
+ msg = luaO_pushvfstring(L, fmt, argp);
+ va_end(argp);
+ return msg;
+}
+
+
+/* number of chars of a literal string without the ending \0 */
+#define LL(x) (sizeof(x)/sizeof(char) - 1)
+
+#define RETS "..."
+#define PRE "[string \""
+#define POS "\"]"
+
+#define addstr(a,b,l) ( memcpy(a,b,(l) * sizeof(char)), a += (l) )
+
+void luaO_chunkid (char *out, const char *source, size_t bufflen) {
+ size_t l = strlen(source);
+ if (*source == '=') { /* 'literal' source */
+ if (l <= bufflen) /* small enough? */
+ memcpy(out, source + 1, l * sizeof(char));
+ else { /* truncate it */
+ addstr(out, source + 1, bufflen - 1);
+ *out = '\0';
+ }
+ }
+ else if (*source == '@') { /* file name */
+ if (l <= bufflen) /* small enough? */
+ memcpy(out, source + 1, l * sizeof(char));
+ else { /* add '...' before rest of name */
+ addstr(out, RETS, LL(RETS));
+ bufflen -= LL(RETS);
+ memcpy(out, source + 1 + l - bufflen, bufflen * sizeof(char));
+ }
+ }
+ else { /* string; format as [string "source"] */
+ const char *nl = strchr(source, '\n'); /* find first new line (if any) */
+ addstr(out, PRE, LL(PRE)); /* add prefix */
+ bufflen -= LL(PRE RETS POS) + 1; /* save space for prefix+suffix+'\0' */
+ if (l < bufflen && nl == NULL) { /* small one-line source? */
+ addstr(out, source, l); /* keep it */
+ }
+ else {
+ if (nl != NULL) l = nl - source; /* stop at first newline */
+ if (l > bufflen) l = bufflen;
+ addstr(out, source, l);
+ addstr(out, RETS, LL(RETS));
+ }
+ memcpy(out, POS, (LL(POS) + 1) * sizeof(char));
+ }
+}
+
--- /dev/null
+/*
+** $Id: lobject.h,v 2.64 2011/10/31 17:48:22 roberto Exp $
+** Type definitions for Lua objects
+** See Copyright Notice in lua.h
+*/
+
+
+#ifndef lobject_h
+#define lobject_h
+
+
+#include <stdarg.h>
+
+
+#include "llimits.h"
+#include "lua.h"
+
+
+/*
+** Extra tags for non-values
+*/
+#define LUA_TPROTO LUA_NUMTAGS
+#define LUA_TUPVAL (LUA_NUMTAGS+1)
+#define LUA_TDEADKEY (LUA_NUMTAGS+2)
+
+/*
+** number of all possible tags (including LUA_TNONE but excluding DEADKEY)
+*/
+#define LUA_TOTALTAGS (LUA_TUPVAL+2)
+
+
+/*
+** tags for Tagged Values have the following use of bits:
+** bits 0-3: actual tag (a LUA_T* value)
+** bits 4-5: variant bits
+** bit 6: whether value is collectable
+*/
+
+/*
+** LUA_TFUNCTION variants:
+** 0 - Lua function
+** 1 - light C function
+** 2 - regular C function (closure)
+*/
+
+/* Variant tags for functions */
+#define LUA_TLCL (LUA_TFUNCTION | (0 << 4)) /* Lua closure */
+#define LUA_TLCF (LUA_TFUNCTION | (1 << 4)) /* light C function */
+#define LUA_TCCL (LUA_TFUNCTION | (2 << 4)) /* C closure */
+
+
+/* Bit mark for collectable types */
+#define BIT_ISCOLLECTABLE (1 << 6)
+
+/* mark a tag as collectable */
+#define ctb(t) ((t) | BIT_ISCOLLECTABLE)
+
+
+/*
+** Union of all collectable objects
+*/
+typedef union GCObject GCObject;
+
+
+/*
+** Common Header for all collectable objects (in macro form, to be
+** included in other objects)
+*/
+#define CommonHeader GCObject *next; lu_byte tt; lu_byte marked
+
+
+/*
+** Common header in struct form
+*/
+typedef struct GCheader {
+ CommonHeader;
+} GCheader;
+
+
+
+/*
+** Union of all Lua values
+*/
+typedef union Value Value;
+
+
+#define numfield lua_Number n; /* numbers */
+
+
+
+/*
+** Tagged Values. This is the basic representation of values in Lua,
+** an actual value plus a tag with its type.
+*/
+
+#define TValuefields Value value_; int tt_
+
+typedef struct lua_TValue TValue;
+
+
+/* macro defining a nil value */
+#define NILCONSTANT {NULL}, LUA_TNIL
+
+
+#define val_(o) ((o)->value_)
+#define num_(o) (val_(o).n)
+
+
+/* raw type tag of a TValue */
+#define rttype(o) ((o)->tt_)
+
+/* type tag of a TValue (bits 0-3 for tags + variant bits 4-5) */
+#define ttype(o) (rttype(o) & 0x3F)
+
+
+/* type tag of a TValue with no variants (bits 0-3) */
+#define ttypenv(o) (rttype(o) & 0x0F)
+
+
+/* Macros to test type */
+#define checktag(o,t) (rttype(o) == (t))
+#define ttisnumber(o) checktag((o), LUA_TNUMBER)
+#define ttisnil(o) checktag((o), LUA_TNIL)
+#define ttisboolean(o) checktag((o), LUA_TBOOLEAN)
+#define ttislightuserdata(o) checktag((o), LUA_TLIGHTUSERDATA)
+#define ttisstring(o) checktag((o), ctb(LUA_TSTRING))
+#define ttistable(o) checktag((o), ctb(LUA_TTABLE))
+#define ttisfunction(o) (ttypenv(o) == LUA_TFUNCTION)
+#define ttisclosure(o) ((rttype(o) & 0x1F) == LUA_TFUNCTION)
+#define ttisCclosure(o) checktag((o), ctb(LUA_TCCL))
+#define ttisLclosure(o) checktag((o), ctb(LUA_TLCL))
+#define ttislcf(o) checktag((o), LUA_TLCF)
+#define ttisuserdata(o) checktag((o), ctb(LUA_TUSERDATA))
+#define ttisthread(o) checktag((o), ctb(LUA_TTHREAD))
+#define ttisdeadkey(o) checktag((o), LUA_TDEADKEY)
+
+#define ttisequal(o1,o2) (rttype(o1) == rttype(o2))
+
+/* Macros to access values */
+#define nvalue(o) check_exp(ttisnumber(o), num_(o))
+#define gcvalue(o) check_exp(iscollectable(o), val_(o).gc)
+#define pvalue(o) check_exp(ttislightuserdata(o), val_(o).p)
+#define rawtsvalue(o) check_exp(ttisstring(o), &val_(o).gc->ts)
+#define tsvalue(o) (&rawtsvalue(o)->tsv)
+#define rawuvalue(o) check_exp(ttisuserdata(o), &val_(o).gc->u)
+#define uvalue(o) (&rawuvalue(o)->uv)
+#define clvalue(o) check_exp(ttisclosure(o), &val_(o).gc->cl)
+#define clLvalue(o) check_exp(ttisLclosure(o), &val_(o).gc->cl.l)
+#define clCvalue(o) check_exp(ttisCclosure(o), &val_(o).gc->cl.c)
+#define fvalue(o) check_exp(ttislcf(o), val_(o).f)
+#define hvalue(o) check_exp(ttistable(o), &val_(o).gc->h)
+#define bvalue(o) check_exp(ttisboolean(o), val_(o).b)
+#define thvalue(o) check_exp(ttisthread(o), &val_(o).gc->th)
+/* a dead value may get the 'gc' field, but cannot access its contents */
+#define deadvalue(o) check_exp(ttisdeadkey(o), cast(void *, val_(o).gc))
+
+#define l_isfalse(o) (ttisnil(o) || (ttisboolean(o) && bvalue(o) == 0))
+
+
+#define iscollectable(o) (rttype(o) & BIT_ISCOLLECTABLE)
+
+
+/* Macros for internal tests */
+#define righttt(obj) (ttypenv(obj) == gcvalue(obj)->gch.tt)
+
+#define checkliveness(g,obj) \
+ lua_longassert(!iscollectable(obj) || \
+ (righttt(obj) && !isdead(g,gcvalue(obj))))
+
+
+/* Macros to set values */
+#define settt_(o,t) ((o)->tt_=(t))
+
+#define setnvalue(obj,x) \
+ { TValue *io=(obj); num_(io)=(x); settt_(io, LUA_TNUMBER); }
+
+#define changenvalue(o,x) check_exp(ttisnumber(o), num_(o)=(x))
+
+#define setnilvalue(obj) settt_(obj, LUA_TNIL)
+
+#define setfvalue(obj,x) \
+ { TValue *io=(obj); val_(io).f=(x); settt_(io, LUA_TLCF); }
+
+#define setpvalue(obj,x) \
+ { TValue *io=(obj); val_(io).p=(x); settt_(io, LUA_TLIGHTUSERDATA); }
+
+#define setbvalue(obj,x) \
+ { TValue *io=(obj); val_(io).b=(x); settt_(io, LUA_TBOOLEAN); }
+
+#define setgcovalue(L,obj,x) \
+ { TValue *io=(obj); GCObject *i_g=(x); \
+ val_(io).gc=i_g; settt_(io, ctb(gch(i_g)->tt)); }
+
+#define setsvalue(L,obj,x) \
+ { TValue *io=(obj); \
+ val_(io).gc=cast(GCObject *, (x)); settt_(io, ctb(LUA_TSTRING)); \
+ checkliveness(G(L),io); }
+
+#define setuvalue(L,obj,x) \
+ { TValue *io=(obj); \
+ val_(io).gc=cast(GCObject *, (x)); settt_(io, ctb(LUA_TUSERDATA)); \
+ checkliveness(G(L),io); }
+
+#define setthvalue(L,obj,x) \
+ { TValue *io=(obj); \
+ val_(io).gc=cast(GCObject *, (x)); settt_(io, ctb(LUA_TTHREAD)); \
+ checkliveness(G(L),io); }
+
+#define setclLvalue(L,obj,x) \
+ { TValue *io=(obj); \
+ val_(io).gc=cast(GCObject *, (x)); settt_(io, ctb(LUA_TLCL)); \
+ checkliveness(G(L),io); }
+
+#define setclCvalue(L,obj,x) \
+ { TValue *io=(obj); \
+ val_(io).gc=cast(GCObject *, (x)); settt_(io, ctb(LUA_TCCL)); \
+ checkliveness(G(L),io); }
+
+#define sethvalue(L,obj,x) \
+ { TValue *io=(obj); \
+ val_(io).gc=cast(GCObject *, (x)); settt_(io, ctb(LUA_TTABLE)); \
+ checkliveness(G(L),io); }
+
+#define setptvalue(L,obj,x) \
+ { TValue *io=(obj); \
+ val_(io).gc=cast(GCObject *, (x)); settt_(io, ctb(LUA_TPROTO)); \
+ checkliveness(G(L),io); }
+
+#define setdeadvalue(obj) settt_(obj, LUA_TDEADKEY)
+
+
+
+#define setobj(L,obj1,obj2) \
+ { const TValue *io2=(obj2); TValue *io1=(obj1); \
+ io1->value_ = io2->value_; io1->tt_ = io2->tt_; \
+ checkliveness(G(L),io1); }
+
+
+/*
+** different types of assignments, according to destination
+*/
+
+/* from stack to (same) stack */
+#define setobjs2s setobj
+/* to stack (not from same stack) */
+#define setobj2s setobj
+#define setsvalue2s setsvalue
+#define sethvalue2s sethvalue
+#define setptvalue2s setptvalue
+/* from table to same table */
+#define setobjt2t setobj
+/* to table */
+#define setobj2t setobj
+/* to new object */
+#define setobj2n setobj
+#define setsvalue2n setsvalue
+
+
+
+
+/*
+** {======================================================
+** NaN Trick
+** =======================================================
+*/
+
+#if defined(LUA_NANTRICK) \
+ || defined(LUA_NANTRICK_LE) \
+ || defined(LUA_NANTRICK_BE)
+
+/*
+** numbers are represented in the 'd_' field. All other values have the
+** value (NNMARK | tag) in 'tt__'. A number with such pattern would be
+** a "signaled NaN", which is never generated by regular operations by
+** the CPU (nor by 'strtod')
+*/
+#if !defined(NNMARK)
+#define NNMARK 0x7FF7A500
+#define NNMASK 0x7FFFFF00
+#endif
+
+#undef TValuefields
+#undef NILCONSTANT
+
+#if defined(LUA_NANTRICK_LE)
+
+/* little endian */
+#define TValuefields \
+ union { struct { Value v__; int tt__; } i; double d__; } u
+#define NILCONSTANT {{{NULL}, tag2tt(LUA_TNIL)}}
+/* field-access macros */
+#define v_(o) ((o)->u.i.v__)
+#define d_(o) ((o)->u.d__)
+#define tt_(o) ((o)->u.i.tt__)
+
+#elif defined(LUA_NANTRICK_BE)
+
+/* big endian */
+#define TValuefields \
+ union { struct { int tt__; Value v__; } i; double d__; } u
+#define NILCONSTANT {{tag2tt(LUA_TNIL), {NULL}}}
+/* field-access macros */
+#define v_(o) ((o)->u.i.v__)
+#define d_(o) ((o)->u.d__)
+#define tt_(o) ((o)->u.i.tt__)
+
+#elif !defined(TValuefields)
+#error option 'LUA_NANTRICK' needs declaration for 'TValuefields'
+
+#endif
+
+
+/* correspondence with standard representation */
+#undef val_
+#define val_(o) v_(o)
+#undef num_
+#define num_(o) d_(o)
+
+
+#undef numfield
+#define numfield /* no such field; numbers are the entire struct */
+
+/* basic check to distinguish numbers from non-numbers */
+#undef ttisnumber
+#define ttisnumber(o) ((tt_(o) & NNMASK) != NNMARK)
+
+#define tag2tt(t) (NNMARK | (t))
+
+#undef rttype
+#define rttype(o) (ttisnumber(o) ? LUA_TNUMBER : tt_(o) & 0xff)
+
+#undef settt_
+#define settt_(o,t) (tt_(o) = tag2tt(t))
+
+#undef setnvalue
+#define setnvalue(obj,x) \
+ { TValue *io_=(obj); num_(io_)=(x); lua_assert(ttisnumber(io_)); }
+
+#undef setobj
+#define setobj(L,obj1,obj2) \
+ { const TValue *o2_=(obj2); TValue *o1_=(obj1); \
+ o1_->u = o2_->u; \
+ checkliveness(G(L),o1_); }
+
+
+/*
+** these redefinitions are not mandatory, but these forms are more efficient
+*/
+
+#undef checktag
+#define checktag(o,t) (tt_(o) == tag2tt(t))
+
+#undef ttisequal
+#define ttisequal(o1,o2) \
+ (ttisnumber(o1) ? ttisnumber(o2) : (tt_(o1) == tt_(o2)))
+
+
+
+#define luai_checknum(L,o,c) { if (!ttisnumber(o)) c; }
+
+
+#else
+
+#define luai_checknum(L,o,c) { /* empty */ }
+
+#endif
+/* }====================================================== */
+
+
+
+/*
+** {======================================================
+** types and prototypes
+** =======================================================
+*/
+
+
+union Value {
+ GCObject *gc; /* collectable objects */
+ void *p; /* light userdata */
+ int b; /* booleans */
+ lua_CFunction f; /* light C functions */
+ numfield /* numbers */
+};
+
+
+struct lua_TValue {
+ TValuefields;
+};
+
+
+typedef TValue *StkId; /* index to stack elements */
+
+
+
+
+/*
+** Header for string value; string bytes follow the end of this structure
+*/
+typedef union TString {
+ L_Umaxalign dummy; /* ensures maximum alignment for strings */
+ struct {
+ CommonHeader;
+ lu_byte reserved;
+ unsigned int hash;
+ size_t len; /* number of characters in string */
+ } tsv;
+} TString;
+
+
+/* get the actual string (array of bytes) from a TString */
+#define getstr(ts) cast(const char *, (ts) + 1)
+
+/* get the actual string (array of bytes) from a Lua value */
+#define svalue(o) getstr(rawtsvalue(o))
+
+
+/*
+** Header for userdata; memory area follows the end of this structure
+*/
+typedef union Udata {
+ L_Umaxalign dummy; /* ensures maximum alignment for `local' udata */
+ struct {
+ CommonHeader;
+ struct Table *metatable;
+ struct Table *env;
+ size_t len; /* number of bytes */
+ } uv;
+} Udata;
+
+
+
+/*
+** Description of an upvalue for function prototypes
+*/
+typedef struct Upvaldesc {
+ TString *name; /* upvalue name (for debug information) */
+ lu_byte instack; /* whether it is in stack */
+ lu_byte idx; /* index of upvalue (in stack or in outer function's list) */
+} Upvaldesc;
+
+
+/*
+** Description of a local variable for function prototypes
+** (used for debug information)
+*/
+typedef struct LocVar {
+ TString *varname;
+ int startpc; /* first point where variable is active */
+ int endpc; /* first point where variable is dead */
+} LocVar;
+
+
+/*
+** Function Prototypes
+*/
+typedef struct Proto {
+ CommonHeader;
+ TValue *k; /* constants used by the function */
+ Instruction *code;
+ struct Proto **p; /* functions defined inside the function */
+ int *lineinfo; /* map from opcodes to source lines (debug information) */
+ LocVar *locvars; /* information about local variables (debug information) */
+ Upvaldesc *upvalues; /* upvalue information */
+ union Closure *cache; /* last created closure with this prototype */
+ TString *source; /* used for debug information */
+ int sizeupvalues; /* size of 'upvalues' */
+ int sizek; /* size of `k' */
+ int sizecode;
+ int sizelineinfo;
+ int sizep; /* size of `p' */
+ int sizelocvars;
+ int linedefined;
+ int lastlinedefined;
+ GCObject *gclist;
+ lu_byte numparams; /* number of fixed parameters */
+ lu_byte is_vararg;
+ lu_byte maxstacksize; /* maximum stack used by this function */
+} Proto;
+
+
+
+/*
+** Lua Upvalues
+*/
+typedef struct UpVal {
+ CommonHeader;
+ TValue *v; /* points to stack or to its own value */
+ union {
+ TValue value; /* the value (when closed) */
+ struct { /* double linked list (when open) */
+ struct UpVal *prev;
+ struct UpVal *next;
+ } l;
+ } u;
+} UpVal;
+
+
+/*
+** Closures
+*/
+
+#define ClosureHeader \
+ CommonHeader; lu_byte isC; lu_byte nupvalues; GCObject *gclist
+
+typedef struct CClosure {
+ ClosureHeader;
+ lua_CFunction f;
+ TValue upvalue[1]; /* list of upvalues */
+} CClosure;
+
+
+typedef struct LClosure {
+ ClosureHeader;
+ struct Proto *p;
+ UpVal *upvals[1]; /* list of upvalues */
+} LClosure;
+
+
+typedef union Closure {
+ CClosure c;
+ LClosure l;
+} Closure;
+
+
+#define isLfunction(o) ttisLclosure(o)
+
+#define getproto(o) (clLvalue(o)->p)
+
+
+/*
+** Tables
+*/
+
+typedef union TKey {
+ struct {
+ TValuefields;
+ struct Node *next; /* for chaining */
+ } nk;
+ TValue tvk;
+} TKey;
+
+
+typedef struct Node {
+ TValue i_val;
+ TKey i_key;
+} Node;
+
+
+typedef struct Table {
+ CommonHeader;
+ lu_byte flags; /* 1<<p means tagmethod(p) is not present */
+ lu_byte lsizenode; /* log2 of size of `node' array */
+ struct Table *metatable;
+ TValue *array; /* array part */
+ Node *node;
+ Node *lastfree; /* any free position is before this position */
+ GCObject *gclist;
+ int sizearray; /* size of `array' array */
+} Table;
+
+
+
+/*
+** `module' operation for hashing (size is always a power of 2)
+*/
+#define lmod(s,size) \
+ (check_exp((size&(size-1))==0, (cast(int, (s) & ((size)-1)))))
+
+
+#define twoto(x) (1<<(x))
+#define sizenode(t) (twoto((t)->lsizenode))
+
+
+/*
+** (address of) a fixed nil value
+*/
+#define luaO_nilobject (&luaO_nilobject_)
+
+
+LUAI_DDEC const TValue luaO_nilobject_;
+
+
+LUAI_FUNC int luaO_int2fb (unsigned int x);
+LUAI_FUNC int luaO_fb2int (int x);
+LUAI_FUNC int luaO_ceillog2 (unsigned int x);
+LUAI_FUNC lua_Number luaO_arith (int op, lua_Number v1, lua_Number v2);
+LUAI_FUNC int luaO_str2d (const char *s, size_t len, lua_Number *result);
+LUAI_FUNC int luaO_hexavalue (int c);
+LUAI_FUNC const char *luaO_pushvfstring (lua_State *L, const char *fmt,
+ va_list argp);
+LUAI_FUNC const char *luaO_pushfstring (lua_State *L, const char *fmt, ...);
+LUAI_FUNC void luaO_chunkid (char *out, const char *source, size_t len);
+
+
+#endif
+
--- /dev/null
+/*
+** $Id: lopcodes.c,v 1.48 2011/04/19 16:22:13 roberto Exp $
+** See Copyright Notice in lua.h
+*/
+
+
+#define lopcodes_c
+#define LUA_CORE
+
+
+#include "lopcodes.h"
+
+
+/* ORDER OP */
+
+LUAI_DDEF const char *const luaP_opnames[NUM_OPCODES+1] = {
+ "MOVE",
+ "LOADK",
+ "LOADKX",
+ "LOADBOOL",
+ "LOADNIL",
+ "GETUPVAL",
+ "GETTABUP",
+ "GETTABLE",
+ "SETTABUP",
+ "SETUPVAL",
+ "SETTABLE",
+ "NEWTABLE",
+ "SELF",
+ "ADD",
+ "SUB",
+ "MUL",
+ "DIV",
+ "MOD",
+ "POW",
+ "UNM",
+ "NOT",
+ "LEN",
+ "CONCAT",
+ "JMP",
+ "EQ",
+ "LT",
+ "LE",
+ "TEST",
+ "TESTSET",
+ "CALL",
+ "TAILCALL",
+ "RETURN",
+ "FORLOOP",
+ "FORPREP",
+ "TFORCALL",
+ "TFORLOOP",
+ "SETLIST",
+ "CLOSURE",
+ "VARARG",
+ "EXTRAARG",
+ NULL
+};
+
+
+#define opmode(t,a,b,c,m) (((t)<<7) | ((a)<<6) | ((b)<<4) | ((c)<<2) | (m))
+
+LUAI_DDEF const lu_byte luaP_opmodes[NUM_OPCODES] = {
+/* T A B C mode opcode */
+ opmode(0, 1, OpArgR, OpArgN, iABC) /* OP_MOVE */
+ ,opmode(0, 1, OpArgK, OpArgN, iABx) /* OP_LOADK */
+ ,opmode(0, 1, OpArgN, OpArgN, iABx) /* OP_LOADKX */
+ ,opmode(0, 1, OpArgU, OpArgU, iABC) /* OP_LOADBOOL */
+ ,opmode(0, 1, OpArgU, OpArgN, iABC) /* OP_LOADNIL */
+ ,opmode(0, 1, OpArgU, OpArgN, iABC) /* OP_GETUPVAL */
+ ,opmode(0, 1, OpArgU, OpArgK, iABC) /* OP_GETTABUP */
+ ,opmode(0, 1, OpArgR, OpArgK, iABC) /* OP_GETTABLE */
+ ,opmode(0, 0, OpArgK, OpArgK, iABC) /* OP_SETTABUP */
+ ,opmode(0, 0, OpArgU, OpArgN, iABC) /* OP_SETUPVAL */
+ ,opmode(0, 0, OpArgK, OpArgK, iABC) /* OP_SETTABLE */
+ ,opmode(0, 1, OpArgU, OpArgU, iABC) /* OP_NEWTABLE */
+ ,opmode(0, 1, OpArgR, OpArgK, iABC) /* OP_SELF */
+ ,opmode(0, 1, OpArgK, OpArgK, iABC) /* OP_ADD */
+ ,opmode(0, 1, OpArgK, OpArgK, iABC) /* OP_SUB */
+ ,opmode(0, 1, OpArgK, OpArgK, iABC) /* OP_MUL */
+ ,opmode(0, 1, OpArgK, OpArgK, iABC) /* OP_DIV */
+ ,opmode(0, 1, OpArgK, OpArgK, iABC) /* OP_MOD */
+ ,opmode(0, 1, OpArgK, OpArgK, iABC) /* OP_POW */
+ ,opmode(0, 1, OpArgR, OpArgN, iABC) /* OP_UNM */
+ ,opmode(0, 1, OpArgR, OpArgN, iABC) /* OP_NOT */
+ ,opmode(0, 1, OpArgR, OpArgN, iABC) /* OP_LEN */
+ ,opmode(0, 1, OpArgR, OpArgR, iABC) /* OP_CONCAT */
+ ,opmode(0, 0, OpArgR, OpArgN, iAsBx) /* OP_JMP */
+ ,opmode(1, 0, OpArgK, OpArgK, iABC) /* OP_EQ */
+ ,opmode(1, 0, OpArgK, OpArgK, iABC) /* OP_LT */
+ ,opmode(1, 0, OpArgK, OpArgK, iABC) /* OP_LE */
+ ,opmode(1, 0, OpArgN, OpArgU, iABC) /* OP_TEST */
+ ,opmode(1, 1, OpArgR, OpArgU, iABC) /* OP_TESTSET */
+ ,opmode(0, 1, OpArgU, OpArgU, iABC) /* OP_CALL */
+ ,opmode(0, 1, OpArgU, OpArgU, iABC) /* OP_TAILCALL */
+ ,opmode(0, 0, OpArgU, OpArgN, iABC) /* OP_RETURN */
+ ,opmode(0, 1, OpArgR, OpArgN, iAsBx) /* OP_FORLOOP */
+ ,opmode(0, 1, OpArgR, OpArgN, iAsBx) /* OP_FORPREP */
+ ,opmode(0, 0, OpArgN, OpArgU, iABC) /* OP_TFORCALL */
+ ,opmode(0, 1, OpArgR, OpArgN, iAsBx) /* OP_TFORLOOP */
+ ,opmode(0, 0, OpArgU, OpArgU, iABC) /* OP_SETLIST */
+ ,opmode(0, 1, OpArgU, OpArgN, iABx) /* OP_CLOSURE */
+ ,opmode(0, 1, OpArgU, OpArgN, iABC) /* OP_VARARG */
+ ,opmode(0, 0, OpArgU, OpArgU, iAx) /* OP_EXTRAARG */
+};
+
--- /dev/null
+/*
+** $Id: lopcodes.h,v 1.142 2011/07/15 12:50:29 roberto Exp $
+** Opcodes for Lua virtual machine
+** See Copyright Notice in lua.h
+*/
+
+#ifndef lopcodes_h
+#define lopcodes_h
+
+#include "llimits.h"
+
+
+/*===========================================================================
+ We assume that instructions are unsigned numbers.
+ All instructions have an opcode in the first 6 bits.
+ Instructions can have the following fields:
+ `A' : 8 bits
+ `B' : 9 bits
+ `C' : 9 bits
+ 'Ax' : 26 bits ('A', 'B', and 'C' together)
+ `Bx' : 18 bits (`B' and `C' together)
+ `sBx' : signed Bx
+
+ A signed argument is represented in excess K; that is, the number
+ value is the unsigned value minus K. K is exactly the maximum value
+ for that argument (so that -max is represented by 0, and +max is
+ represented by 2*max), which is half the maximum for the corresponding
+ unsigned argument.
+===========================================================================*/
+
+
+enum OpMode {iABC, iABx, iAsBx, iAx}; /* basic instruction format */
+
+
+/*
+** size and position of opcode arguments.
+*/
+#define SIZE_C 9
+#define SIZE_B 9
+#define SIZE_Bx (SIZE_C + SIZE_B)
+#define SIZE_A 8
+#define SIZE_Ax (SIZE_C + SIZE_B + SIZE_A)
+
+#define SIZE_OP 6
+
+#define POS_OP 0
+#define POS_A (POS_OP + SIZE_OP)
+#define POS_C (POS_A + SIZE_A)
+#define POS_B (POS_C + SIZE_C)
+#define POS_Bx POS_C
+#define POS_Ax POS_A
+
+
+/*
+** limits for opcode arguments.
+** we use (signed) int to manipulate most arguments,
+** so they must fit in LUAI_BITSINT-1 bits (-1 for sign)
+*/
+#if SIZE_Bx < LUAI_BITSINT-1
+#define MAXARG_Bx ((1<<SIZE_Bx)-1)
+#define MAXARG_sBx (MAXARG_Bx>>1) /* `sBx' is signed */
+#else
+#define MAXARG_Bx MAX_INT
+#define MAXARG_sBx MAX_INT
+#endif
+
+#if SIZE_Ax < LUAI_BITSINT-1
+#define MAXARG_Ax ((1<<SIZE_Ax)-1)
+#else
+#define MAXARG_Ax MAX_INT
+#endif
+
+
+#define MAXARG_A ((1<<SIZE_A)-1)
+#define MAXARG_B ((1<<SIZE_B)-1)
+#define MAXARG_C ((1<<SIZE_C)-1)
+
+
+/* creates a mask with `n' 1 bits at position `p' */
+#define MASK1(n,p) ((~((~(Instruction)0)<<(n)))<<(p))
+
+/* creates a mask with `n' 0 bits at position `p' */
+#define MASK0(n,p) (~MASK1(n,p))
+
+/*
+** the following macros help to manipulate instructions
+*/
+
+#define GET_OPCODE(i) (cast(OpCode, ((i)>>POS_OP) & MASK1(SIZE_OP,0)))
+#define SET_OPCODE(i,o) ((i) = (((i)&MASK0(SIZE_OP,POS_OP)) | \
+ ((cast(Instruction, o)<<POS_OP)&MASK1(SIZE_OP,POS_OP))))
+
+#define getarg(i,pos,size) (cast(int, ((i)>>pos) & MASK1(size,0)))
+#define setarg(i,v,pos,size) ((i) = (((i)&MASK0(size,pos)) | \
+ ((cast(Instruction, v)<<pos)&MASK1(size,pos))))
+
+#define GETARG_A(i) getarg(i, POS_A, SIZE_A)
+#define SETARG_A(i,v) setarg(i, v, POS_A, SIZE_A)
+
+#define GETARG_B(i) getarg(i, POS_B, SIZE_B)
+#define SETARG_B(i,v) setarg(i, v, POS_B, SIZE_B)
+
+#define GETARG_C(i) getarg(i, POS_C, SIZE_C)
+#define SETARG_C(i,v) setarg(i, v, POS_C, SIZE_C)
+
+#define GETARG_Bx(i) getarg(i, POS_Bx, SIZE_Bx)
+#define SETARG_Bx(i,v) setarg(i, v, POS_Bx, SIZE_Bx)
+
+#define GETARG_Ax(i) getarg(i, POS_Ax, SIZE_Ax)
+#define SETARG_Ax(i,v) setarg(i, v, POS_Ax, SIZE_Ax)
+
+#define GETARG_sBx(i) (GETARG_Bx(i)-MAXARG_sBx)
+#define SETARG_sBx(i,b) SETARG_Bx((i),cast(unsigned int, (b)+MAXARG_sBx))
+
+
+#define CREATE_ABC(o,a,b,c) ((cast(Instruction, o)<<POS_OP) \
+ | (cast(Instruction, a)<<POS_A) \
+ | (cast(Instruction, b)<<POS_B) \
+ | (cast(Instruction, c)<<POS_C))
+
+#define CREATE_ABx(o,a,bc) ((cast(Instruction, o)<<POS_OP) \
+ | (cast(Instruction, a)<<POS_A) \
+ | (cast(Instruction, bc)<<POS_Bx))
+
+#define CREATE_Ax(o,a) ((cast(Instruction, o)<<POS_OP) \
+ | (cast(Instruction, a)<<POS_Ax))
+
+
+/*
+** Macros to operate RK indices
+*/
+
+/* this bit 1 means constant (0 means register) */
+#define BITRK (1 << (SIZE_B - 1))
+
+/* test whether value is a constant */
+#define ISK(x) ((x) & BITRK)
+
+/* gets the index of the constant */
+#define INDEXK(r) ((int)(r) & ~BITRK)
+
+#define MAXINDEXRK (BITRK - 1)
+
+/* code a constant index as a RK value */
+#define RKASK(x) ((x) | BITRK)
+
+
+/*
+** invalid register that fits in 8 bits
+*/
+#define NO_REG MAXARG_A
+
+
+/*
+** R(x) - register
+** Kst(x) - constant (in constant table)
+** RK(x) == if ISK(x) then Kst(INDEXK(x)) else R(x)
+*/
+
+
+/*
+** grep "ORDER OP" if you change these enums
+*/
+
+typedef enum {
+/*----------------------------------------------------------------------
+name args description
+------------------------------------------------------------------------*/
+OP_MOVE,/* A B R(A) := R(B) */
+OP_LOADK,/* A Bx R(A) := Kst(Bx) */
+OP_LOADKX,/* A R(A) := Kst(extra arg) */
+OP_LOADBOOL,/* A B C R(A) := (Bool)B; if (C) pc++ */
+OP_LOADNIL,/* A B R(A), R(A+1), ..., R(A+B) := nil */
+OP_GETUPVAL,/* A B R(A) := UpValue[B] */
+
+OP_GETTABUP,/* A B C R(A) := UpValue[B][RK(C)] */
+OP_GETTABLE,/* A B C R(A) := R(B)[RK(C)] */
+
+OP_SETTABUP,/* A B C UpValue[A][RK(B)] := RK(C) */
+OP_SETUPVAL,/* A B UpValue[B] := R(A) */
+OP_SETTABLE,/* A B C R(A)[RK(B)] := RK(C) */
+
+OP_NEWTABLE,/* A B C R(A) := {} (size = B,C) */
+
+OP_SELF,/* A B C R(A+1) := R(B); R(A) := R(B)[RK(C)] */
+
+OP_ADD,/* A B C R(A) := RK(B) + RK(C) */
+OP_SUB,/* A B C R(A) := RK(B) - RK(C) */
+OP_MUL,/* A B C R(A) := RK(B) * RK(C) */
+OP_DIV,/* A B C R(A) := RK(B) / RK(C) */
+OP_MOD,/* A B C R(A) := RK(B) % RK(C) */
+OP_POW,/* A B C R(A) := RK(B) ^ RK(C) */
+OP_UNM,/* A B R(A) := -R(B) */
+OP_NOT,/* A B R(A) := not R(B) */
+OP_LEN,/* A B R(A) := length of R(B) */
+
+OP_CONCAT,/* A B C R(A) := R(B).. ... ..R(C) */
+
+OP_JMP,/* A sBx pc+=sBx; if (A) close all upvalues >= R(A) + 1 */
+OP_EQ,/* A B C if ((RK(B) == RK(C)) ~= A) then pc++ */
+OP_LT,/* A B C if ((RK(B) < RK(C)) ~= A) then pc++ */
+OP_LE,/* A B C if ((RK(B) <= RK(C)) ~= A) then pc++ */
+
+OP_TEST,/* A C if not (R(A) <=> C) then pc++ */
+OP_TESTSET,/* A B C if (R(B) <=> C) then R(A) := R(B) else pc++ */
+
+OP_CALL,/* A B C R(A), ... ,R(A+C-2) := R(A)(R(A+1), ... ,R(A+B-1)) */
+OP_TAILCALL,/* A B C return R(A)(R(A+1), ... ,R(A+B-1)) */
+OP_RETURN,/* A B return R(A), ... ,R(A+B-2) (see note) */
+
+OP_FORLOOP,/* A sBx R(A)+=R(A+2);
+ if R(A) <?= R(A+1) then { pc+=sBx; R(A+3)=R(A) }*/
+OP_FORPREP,/* A sBx R(A)-=R(A+2); pc+=sBx */
+
+OP_TFORCALL,/* A C R(A+3), ... ,R(A+2+C) := R(A)(R(A+1), R(A+2)); */
+OP_TFORLOOP,/* A sBx if R(A+1) ~= nil then { R(A)=R(A+1); pc += sBx }*/
+
+OP_SETLIST,/* A B C R(A)[(C-1)*FPF+i] := R(A+i), 1 <= i <= B */
+
+OP_CLOSURE,/* A Bx R(A) := closure(KPROTO[Bx]) */
+
+OP_VARARG,/* A B R(A), R(A+1), ..., R(A+B-2) = vararg */
+
+OP_EXTRAARG/* Ax extra (larger) argument for previous opcode */
+} OpCode;
+
+
+#define NUM_OPCODES (cast(int, OP_EXTRAARG) + 1)
+
+
+
+/*===========================================================================
+ Notes:
+ (*) In OP_CALL, if (B == 0) then B = top. If (C == 0), then `top' is
+ set to last_result+1, so next open instruction (OP_CALL, OP_RETURN,
+ OP_SETLIST) may use `top'.
+
+ (*) In OP_VARARG, if (B == 0) then use actual number of varargs and
+ set top (like in OP_CALL with C == 0).
+
+ (*) In OP_RETURN, if (B == 0) then return up to `top'.
+
+ (*) In OP_SETLIST, if (B == 0) then B = `top'; if (C == 0) then next
+ 'instruction' is EXTRAARG(real C).
+
+ (*) In OP_LOADKX, the next 'instruction' is always EXTRAARG.
+
+ (*) For comparisons, A specifies what condition the test should accept
+ (true or false).
+
+ (*) All `skips' (pc++) assume that next instruction is a jump.
+
+===========================================================================*/
+
+
+/*
+** masks for instruction properties. The format is:
+** bits 0-1: op mode
+** bits 2-3: C arg mode
+** bits 4-5: B arg mode
+** bit 6: instruction set register A
+** bit 7: operator is a test (next instruction must be a jump)
+*/
+
+enum OpArgMask {
+ OpArgN, /* argument is not used */
+ OpArgU, /* argument is used */
+ OpArgR, /* argument is a register or a jump offset */
+ OpArgK /* argument is a constant or register/constant */
+};
+
+LUAI_DDEC const lu_byte luaP_opmodes[NUM_OPCODES];
+
+#define getOpMode(m) (cast(enum OpMode, luaP_opmodes[m] & 3))
+#define getBMode(m) (cast(enum OpArgMask, (luaP_opmodes[m] >> 4) & 3))
+#define getCMode(m) (cast(enum OpArgMask, (luaP_opmodes[m] >> 2) & 3))
+#define testAMode(m) (luaP_opmodes[m] & (1 << 6))
+#define testTMode(m) (luaP_opmodes[m] & (1 << 7))
+
+
+LUAI_DDEC const char *const luaP_opnames[NUM_OPCODES+1]; /* opcode names */
+
+
+/* number of list items to accumulate before a SETLIST instruction */
+#define LFIELDS_PER_FLUSH 50
+
+
+#endif
--- /dev/null
+/*
+** $Id: loslib.c,v 1.38 2011/11/30 12:35:05 roberto Exp $
+** Standard Operating System library
+** See Copyright Notice in lua.h
+*/
+
+
+#include <errno.h>
+#include <locale.h>
+#include <stdlib.h>
+#include <string.h>
+#include <time.h>
+
+#define loslib_c
+#define LUA_LIB
+
+#include "lua.h"
+
+#include "lauxlib.h"
+#include "lualib.h"
+
+
+/*
+** list of valid conversion specifiers for the 'strftime' function
+*/
+#if !defined(LUA_STRFTIMEOPTIONS)
+
+#if !defined(LUA_USE_POSIX)
+#define LUA_STRFTIMEOPTIONS { "aAbBcdHIjmMpSUwWxXyYz%", "" }
+#else
+#define LUA_STRFTIMEOPTIONS { "aAbBcCdDeFgGhHIjmMnprRStTuUVwWxXyYzZ%", "", \
+ "E", "cCxXyY", \
+ "O", "deHImMSuUVwWy" }
+#endif
+
+#endif
+
+
+
+/*
+** By default, Lua uses tmpnam except when POSIX is available, where it
+** uses mkstemp.
+*/
+#if defined(LUA_USE_MKSTEMP)
+#include <unistd.h>
+#define LUA_TMPNAMBUFSIZE 32
+#define lua_tmpnam(b,e) { \
+ strcpy(b, "/tmp/lua_XXXXXX"); \
+ e = mkstemp(b); \
+ if (e != -1) close(e); \
+ e = (e == -1); }
+
+#elif !defined(lua_tmpnam)
+
+#define LUA_TMPNAMBUFSIZE L_tmpnam
+#define lua_tmpnam(b,e) { e = (tmpnam(b) == NULL); }
+
+#endif
+
+
+/*
+** By default, Lua uses gmtime/localtime, except when POSIX is available,
+** where it uses gmtime_r/localtime_r
+*/
+#if defined(LUA_USE_GMTIME_R)
+
+#define l_gmtime(t,r) gmtime_r(t,r)
+#define l_localtime(t,r) localtime_r(t,r)
+
+#elif !defined(l_gmtime)
+
+#define l_gmtime(t,r) ((void)r, gmtime(t))
+#define l_localtime(t,r) ((void)r, localtime(t))
+
+#endif
+
+
+
+static int os_execute (lua_State *L) {
+ const char *cmd = luaL_optstring(L, 1, NULL);
+ int stat = system(cmd);
+ if (cmd != NULL)
+ return luaL_execresult(L, stat);
+ else {
+ lua_pushboolean(L, stat); /* true if there is a shell */
+ return 1;
+ }
+}
+
+
+static int os_remove (lua_State *L) {
+ const char *filename = luaL_checkstring(L, 1);
+ return luaL_fileresult(L, remove(filename) == 0, filename);
+}
+
+
+static int os_rename (lua_State *L) {
+ const char *fromname = luaL_checkstring(L, 1);
+ const char *toname = luaL_checkstring(L, 2);
+ return luaL_fileresult(L, rename(fromname, toname) == 0, fromname);
+}
+
+
+static int os_tmpname (lua_State *L) {
+ char buff[LUA_TMPNAMBUFSIZE];
+ int err;
+ lua_tmpnam(buff, err);
+ if (err)
+ return luaL_error(L, "unable to generate a unique filename");
+ lua_pushstring(L, buff);
+ return 1;
+}
+
+
+static int os_getenv (lua_State *L) {
+ lua_pushstring(L, getenv(luaL_checkstring(L, 1))); /* if NULL push nil */
+ return 1;
+}
+
+
+static int os_clock (lua_State *L) {
+ lua_pushnumber(L, ((lua_Number)clock())/(lua_Number)CLOCKS_PER_SEC);
+ return 1;
+}
+
+
+/*
+** {======================================================
+** Time/Date operations
+** { year=%Y, month=%m, day=%d, hour=%H, min=%M, sec=%S,
+** wday=%w+1, yday=%j, isdst=? }
+** =======================================================
+*/
+
+static void setfield (lua_State *L, const char *key, int value) {
+ lua_pushinteger(L, value);
+ lua_setfield(L, -2, key);
+}
+
+static void setboolfield (lua_State *L, const char *key, int value) {
+ if (value < 0) /* undefined? */
+ return; /* does not set field */
+ lua_pushboolean(L, value);
+ lua_setfield(L, -2, key);
+}
+
+static int getboolfield (lua_State *L, const char *key) {
+ int res;
+ lua_getfield(L, -1, key);
+ res = lua_isnil(L, -1) ? -1 : lua_toboolean(L, -1);
+ lua_pop(L, 1);
+ return res;
+}
+
+
+static int getfield (lua_State *L, const char *key, int d) {
+ int res, isnum;
+ lua_getfield(L, -1, key);
+ res = (int)lua_tointegerx(L, -1, &isnum);
+ if (!isnum) {
+ if (d < 0)
+ return luaL_error(L, "field " LUA_QS " missing in date table", key);
+ res = d;
+ }
+ lua_pop(L, 1);
+ return res;
+}
+
+
+static const char *checkoption (lua_State *L, const char *conv, char *buff) {
+ static const char *const options[] = LUA_STRFTIMEOPTIONS;
+ unsigned int i;
+ for (i = 0; i < sizeof(options)/sizeof(options[0]); i += 2) {
+ if (*conv != '\0' && strchr(options[i], *conv) != NULL) {
+ buff[1] = *conv;
+ if (*options[i + 1] == '\0') { /* one-char conversion specifier? */
+ buff[2] = '\0'; /* end buffer */
+ return conv + 1;
+ }
+ else if (*(conv + 1) != '\0' &&
+ strchr(options[i + 1], *(conv + 1)) != NULL) {
+ buff[2] = *(conv + 1); /* valid two-char conversion specifier */
+ buff[3] = '\0'; /* end buffer */
+ return conv + 2;
+ }
+ }
+ }
+ luaL_argerror(L, 1,
+ lua_pushfstring(L, "invalid conversion specifier '%%%s'", conv));
+ return conv; /* to avoid warnings */
+}
+
+
+static int os_date (lua_State *L) {
+ const char *s = luaL_optstring(L, 1, "%c");
+ time_t t = luaL_opt(L, (time_t)luaL_checknumber, 2, time(NULL));
+ struct tm tmr, *stm;
+ if (*s == '!') { /* UTC? */
+ stm = l_gmtime(&t, &tmr);
+ s++; /* skip `!' */
+ }
+ else
+ stm = l_localtime(&t, &tmr);
+ if (stm == NULL) /* invalid date? */
+ lua_pushnil(L);
+ else if (strcmp(s, "*t") == 0) {
+ lua_createtable(L, 0, 9); /* 9 = number of fields */
+ setfield(L, "sec", stm->tm_sec);
+ setfield(L, "min", stm->tm_min);
+ setfield(L, "hour", stm->tm_hour);
+ setfield(L, "day", stm->tm_mday);
+ setfield(L, "month", stm->tm_mon+1);
+ setfield(L, "year", stm->tm_year+1900);
+ setfield(L, "wday", stm->tm_wday+1);
+ setfield(L, "yday", stm->tm_yday+1);
+ setboolfield(L, "isdst", stm->tm_isdst);
+ }
+ else {
+ char cc[4];
+ luaL_Buffer b;
+ cc[0] = '%';
+ luaL_buffinit(L, &b);
+ while (*s) {
+ if (*s != '%') /* no conversion specifier? */
+ luaL_addchar(&b, *s++);
+ else {
+ size_t reslen;
+ char buff[200]; /* should be big enough for any conversion result */
+ s = checkoption(L, s + 1, cc);
+ reslen = strftime(buff, sizeof(buff), cc, stm);
+ luaL_addlstring(&b, buff, reslen);
+ }
+ }
+ luaL_pushresult(&b);
+ }
+ return 1;
+}
+
+
+static int os_time (lua_State *L) {
+ time_t t;
+ if (lua_isnoneornil(L, 1)) /* called without args? */
+ t = time(NULL); /* get current time */
+ else {
+ struct tm ts;
+ luaL_checktype(L, 1, LUA_TTABLE);
+ lua_settop(L, 1); /* make sure table is at the top */
+ ts.tm_sec = getfield(L, "sec", 0);
+ ts.tm_min = getfield(L, "min", 0);
+ ts.tm_hour = getfield(L, "hour", 12);
+ ts.tm_mday = getfield(L, "day", -1);
+ ts.tm_mon = getfield(L, "month", -1) - 1;
+ ts.tm_year = getfield(L, "year", -1) - 1900;
+ ts.tm_isdst = getboolfield(L, "isdst");
+ t = mktime(&ts);
+ }
+ if (t == (time_t)(-1))
+ lua_pushnil(L);
+ else
+ lua_pushnumber(L, (lua_Number)t);
+ return 1;
+}
+
+
+static int os_difftime (lua_State *L) {
+ lua_pushnumber(L, difftime((time_t)(luaL_checknumber(L, 1)),
+ (time_t)(luaL_optnumber(L, 2, 0))));
+ return 1;
+}
+
+/* }====================================================== */
+
+
+static int os_setlocale (lua_State *L) {
+ static const int cat[] = {LC_ALL, LC_COLLATE, LC_CTYPE, LC_MONETARY,
+ LC_NUMERIC, LC_TIME};
+ static const char *const catnames[] = {"all", "collate", "ctype", "monetary",
+ "numeric", "time", NULL};
+ const char *l = luaL_optstring(L, 1, NULL);
+ int op = luaL_checkoption(L, 2, "all", catnames);
+ lua_pushstring(L, setlocale(cat[op], l));
+ return 1;
+}
+
+
+static int os_exit (lua_State *L) {
+ int status;
+ if (lua_isboolean(L, 1))
+ status = (lua_toboolean(L, 1) ? EXIT_SUCCESS : EXIT_FAILURE);
+ else
+ status = luaL_optint(L, 1, EXIT_SUCCESS);
+ if (lua_toboolean(L, 2))
+ lua_close(L);
+ if (L) exit(status); /* 'if' to avoid warnings for unreachable 'return' */
+ return 0;
+}
+
+
+static const luaL_Reg syslib[] = {
+ {"clock", os_clock},
+ {"date", os_date},
+ {"difftime", os_difftime},
+ {"execute", os_execute},
+ {"exit", os_exit},
+ {"getenv", os_getenv},
+ {"remove", os_remove},
+ {"rename", os_rename},
+ {"setlocale", os_setlocale},
+ {"time", os_time},
+ {"tmpname", os_tmpname},
+ {NULL, NULL}
+};
+
+/* }====================================================== */
+
+
+
+LUAMOD_API int luaopen_os (lua_State *L) {
+ luaL_newlib(L, syslib);
+ return 1;
+}
+
--- /dev/null
+/*
+** $Id: lparser.c,v 2.124 2011/12/02 13:23:56 roberto Exp $
+** Lua Parser
+** See Copyright Notice in lua.h
+*/
+
+
+#include <string.h>
+
+#define lparser_c
+#define LUA_CORE
+
+#include "lua.h"
+
+#include "lcode.h"
+#include "ldebug.h"
+#include "ldo.h"
+#include "lfunc.h"
+#include "llex.h"
+#include "lmem.h"
+#include "lobject.h"
+#include "lopcodes.h"
+#include "lparser.h"
+#include "lstate.h"
+#include "lstring.h"
+#include "ltable.h"
+
+
+
+/* maximum number of local variables per function (must be smaller
+ than 250, due to the bytecode format) */
+#define MAXVARS 200
+
+
+#define hasmultret(k) ((k) == VCALL || (k) == VVARARG)
+
+
+
+/*
+** nodes for block list (list of active blocks)
+*/
+typedef struct BlockCnt {
+ struct BlockCnt *previous; /* chain */
+ short firstlabel; /* index of first label in this block */
+ short firstgoto; /* index of first pending goto in this block */
+ lu_byte nactvar; /* # active locals outside the block */
+ lu_byte upval; /* true if some variable in the block is an upvalue */
+ lu_byte isloop; /* true if `block' is a loop */
+} BlockCnt;
+
+
+
+/*
+** prototypes for recursive non-terminal functions
+*/
+static void statement (LexState *ls);
+static void expr (LexState *ls, expdesc *v);
+
+
+static void anchor_token (LexState *ls) {
+ /* last token from outer function must be EOS */
+ lua_assert(ls->fs != NULL || ls->t.token == TK_EOS);
+ if (ls->t.token == TK_NAME || ls->t.token == TK_STRING) {
+ TString *ts = ls->t.seminfo.ts;
+ luaX_newstring(ls, getstr(ts), ts->tsv.len);
+ }
+}
+
+
+/* semantic error */
+static l_noret semerror (LexState *ls, const char *msg) {
+ ls->t.token = 0; /* remove 'near to' from final message */
+ luaX_syntaxerror(ls, msg);
+}
+
+
+static l_noret error_expected (LexState *ls, int token) {
+ luaX_syntaxerror(ls,
+ luaO_pushfstring(ls->L, "%s expected", luaX_token2str(ls, token)));
+}
+
+
+static l_noret errorlimit (FuncState *fs, int limit, const char *what) {
+ lua_State *L = fs->ls->L;
+ const char *msg;
+ int line = fs->f->linedefined;
+ const char *where = (line == 0)
+ ? "main function"
+ : luaO_pushfstring(L, "function at line %d", line);
+ msg = luaO_pushfstring(L, "too many %s (limit is %d) in %s",
+ what, limit, where);
+ luaX_syntaxerror(fs->ls, msg);
+}
+
+
+static void checklimit (FuncState *fs, int v, int l, const char *what) {
+ if (v > l) errorlimit(fs, l, what);
+}
+
+
+static int testnext (LexState *ls, int c) {
+ if (ls->t.token == c) {
+ luaX_next(ls);
+ return 1;
+ }
+ else return 0;
+}
+
+
+static void check (LexState *ls, int c) {
+ if (ls->t.token != c)
+ error_expected(ls, c);
+}
+
+
+static void checknext (LexState *ls, int c) {
+ check(ls, c);
+ luaX_next(ls);
+}
+
+
+#define check_condition(ls,c,msg) { if (!(c)) luaX_syntaxerror(ls, msg); }
+
+
+
+static void check_match (LexState *ls, int what, int who, int where) {
+ if (!testnext(ls, what)) {
+ if (where == ls->linenumber)
+ error_expected(ls, what);
+ else {
+ luaX_syntaxerror(ls, luaO_pushfstring(ls->L,
+ "%s expected (to close %s at line %d)",
+ luaX_token2str(ls, what), luaX_token2str(ls, who), where));
+ }
+ }
+}
+
+
+static TString *str_checkname (LexState *ls) {
+ TString *ts;
+ check(ls, TK_NAME);
+ ts = ls->t.seminfo.ts;
+ luaX_next(ls);
+ return ts;
+}
+
+
+static void init_exp (expdesc *e, expkind k, int i) {
+ e->f = e->t = NO_JUMP;
+ e->k = k;
+ e->u.info = i;
+}
+
+
+static void codestring (LexState *ls, expdesc *e, TString *s) {
+ init_exp(e, VK, luaK_stringK(ls->fs, s));
+}
+
+
+static void checkname (LexState *ls, expdesc *e) {
+ codestring(ls, e, str_checkname(ls));
+}
+
+
+static int registerlocalvar (LexState *ls, TString *varname) {
+ FuncState *fs = ls->fs;
+ Proto *f = fs->f;
+ int oldsize = f->sizelocvars;
+ luaM_growvector(ls->L, f->locvars, fs->nlocvars, f->sizelocvars,
+ LocVar, SHRT_MAX, "local variables");
+ while (oldsize < f->sizelocvars) f->locvars[oldsize++].varname = NULL;
+ f->locvars[fs->nlocvars].varname = varname;
+ luaC_objbarrier(ls->L, f, varname);
+ return fs->nlocvars++;
+}
+
+
+static void new_localvar (LexState *ls, TString *name) {
+ FuncState *fs = ls->fs;
+ Dyndata *dyd = ls->dyd;
+ int reg = registerlocalvar(ls, name);
+ checklimit(fs, dyd->actvar.n + 1 - fs->firstlocal,
+ MAXVARS, "local variables");
+ luaM_growvector(ls->L, dyd->actvar.arr, dyd->actvar.n + 1,
+ dyd->actvar.size, Vardesc, MAX_INT, "local variables");
+ dyd->actvar.arr[dyd->actvar.n++].idx = cast(short, reg);
+}
+
+
+static void new_localvarliteral_ (LexState *ls, const char *name, size_t sz) {
+ new_localvar(ls, luaX_newstring(ls, name, sz));
+}
+
+#define new_localvarliteral(ls,v) \
+ new_localvarliteral_(ls, "" v, (sizeof(v)/sizeof(char))-1)
+
+
+static LocVar *getlocvar (FuncState *fs, int i) {
+ int idx = fs->ls->dyd->actvar.arr[fs->firstlocal + i].idx;
+ lua_assert(idx < fs->nlocvars);
+ return &fs->f->locvars[idx];
+}
+
+
+static void adjustlocalvars (LexState *ls, int nvars) {
+ FuncState *fs = ls->fs;
+ fs->nactvar = cast_byte(fs->nactvar + nvars);
+ for (; nvars; nvars--) {
+ getlocvar(fs, fs->nactvar - nvars)->startpc = fs->pc;
+ }
+}
+
+
+static void removevars (FuncState *fs, int tolevel) {
+ fs->ls->dyd->actvar.n -= (fs->nactvar - tolevel);
+ while (fs->nactvar > tolevel)
+ getlocvar(fs, --fs->nactvar)->endpc = fs->pc;
+}
+
+
+static int searchupvalue (FuncState *fs, TString *name) {
+ int i;
+ Upvaldesc *up = fs->f->upvalues;
+ for (i = 0; i < fs->nups; i++) {
+ if (eqstr(up[i].name, name)) return i;
+ }
+ return -1; /* not found */
+}
+
+
+static int newupvalue (FuncState *fs, TString *name, expdesc *v) {
+ Proto *f = fs->f;
+ int oldsize = f->sizeupvalues;
+ checklimit(fs, fs->nups + 1, MAXUPVAL, "upvalues");
+ luaM_growvector(fs->ls->L, f->upvalues, fs->nups, f->sizeupvalues,
+ Upvaldesc, MAXUPVAL, "upvalues");
+ while (oldsize < f->sizeupvalues) f->upvalues[oldsize++].name = NULL;
+ f->upvalues[fs->nups].instack = (v->k == VLOCAL);
+ f->upvalues[fs->nups].idx = cast_byte(v->u.info);
+ f->upvalues[fs->nups].name = name;
+ luaC_objbarrier(fs->ls->L, f, name);
+ return fs->nups++;
+}
+
+
+static int searchvar (FuncState *fs, TString *n) {
+ int i;
+ for (i=fs->nactvar-1; i >= 0; i--) {
+ if (eqstr(n, getlocvar(fs, i)->varname))
+ return i;
+ }
+ return -1; /* not found */
+}
+
+
+/*
+ Mark block where variable at given level was defined
+ (to emit close instructions later).
+*/
+static void markupval (FuncState *fs, int level) {
+ BlockCnt *bl = fs->bl;
+ while (bl->nactvar > level) bl = bl->previous;
+ bl->upval = 1;
+}
+
+
+/*
+ Find variable with given name 'n'. If it is an upvalue, add this
+ upvalue into all intermediate functions.
+*/
+static int singlevaraux (FuncState *fs, TString *n, expdesc *var, int base) {
+ if (fs == NULL) /* no more levels? */
+ return VVOID; /* default is global */
+ else {
+ int v = searchvar(fs, n); /* look up locals at current level */
+ if (v >= 0) { /* found? */
+ init_exp(var, VLOCAL, v); /* variable is local */
+ if (!base)
+ markupval(fs, v); /* local will be used as an upval */
+ return VLOCAL;
+ }
+ else { /* not found as local at current level; try upvalues */
+ int idx = searchupvalue(fs, n); /* try existing upvalues */
+ if (idx < 0) { /* not found? */
+ if (singlevaraux(fs->prev, n, var, 0) == VVOID) /* try upper levels */
+ return VVOID; /* not found; is a global */
+ /* else was LOCAL or UPVAL */
+ idx = newupvalue(fs, n, var); /* will be a new upvalue */
+ }
+ init_exp(var, VUPVAL, idx);
+ return VUPVAL;
+ }
+ }
+}
+
+
+static void singlevar (LexState *ls, expdesc *var) {
+ TString *varname = str_checkname(ls);
+ FuncState *fs = ls->fs;
+ if (singlevaraux(fs, varname, var, 1) == VVOID) { /* global name? */
+ expdesc key;
+ singlevaraux(fs, ls->envn, var, 1); /* get environment variable */
+ lua_assert(var->k == VLOCAL || var->k == VUPVAL);
+ codestring(ls, &key, varname); /* key is variable name */
+ luaK_indexed(fs, var, &key); /* env[varname] */
+ }
+}
+
+
+static void adjust_assign (LexState *ls, int nvars, int nexps, expdesc *e) {
+ FuncState *fs = ls->fs;
+ int extra = nvars - nexps;
+ if (hasmultret(e->k)) {
+ extra++; /* includes call itself */
+ if (extra < 0) extra = 0;
+ luaK_setreturns(fs, e, extra); /* last exp. provides the difference */
+ if (extra > 1) luaK_reserveregs(fs, extra-1);
+ }
+ else {
+ if (e->k != VVOID) luaK_exp2nextreg(fs, e); /* close last expression */
+ if (extra > 0) {
+ int reg = fs->freereg;
+ luaK_reserveregs(fs, extra);
+ luaK_nil(fs, reg, extra);
+ }
+ }
+}
+
+
+static void enterlevel (LexState *ls) {
+ lua_State *L = ls->L;
+ ++L->nCcalls;
+ checklimit(ls->fs, L->nCcalls, LUAI_MAXCCALLS, "C levels");
+}
+
+
+#define leavelevel(ls) ((ls)->L->nCcalls--)
+
+
+static void closegoto (LexState *ls, int g, Labeldesc *label) {
+ int i;
+ FuncState *fs = ls->fs;
+ Labellist *gl = &ls->dyd->gt;
+ Labeldesc *gt = &gl->arr[g];
+ lua_assert(eqstr(gt->name, label->name));
+ if (gt->nactvar < label->nactvar) {
+ TString *vname = getlocvar(fs, gt->nactvar)->varname;
+ const char *msg = luaO_pushfstring(ls->L,
+ "<goto %s> at line %d jumps into the scope of local " LUA_QS,
+ getstr(gt->name), gt->line, getstr(vname));
+ semerror(ls, msg);
+ }
+ luaK_patchlist(fs, gt->pc, label->pc);
+ /* remove goto from pending list */
+ for (i = g; i < gl->n - 1; i++)
+ gl->arr[i] = gl->arr[i + 1];
+ gl->n--;
+}
+
+
+/*
+** try to close a goto with existing labels; this solves backward jumps
+*/
+static int findlabel (LexState *ls, int g) {
+ int i;
+ BlockCnt *bl = ls->fs->bl;
+ Dyndata *dyd = ls->dyd;
+ Labeldesc *gt = &dyd->gt.arr[g];
+ /* check labels in current block for a match */
+ for (i = bl->firstlabel; i < dyd->label.n; i++) {
+ Labeldesc *lb = &dyd->label.arr[i];
+ if (eqstr(lb->name, gt->name)) { /* correct label? */
+ if (gt->nactvar > lb->nactvar &&
+ (bl->upval || dyd->label.n > bl->firstlabel))
+ luaK_patchclose(ls->fs, gt->pc, lb->nactvar);
+ closegoto(ls, g, lb); /* close it */
+ return 1;
+ }
+ }
+ return 0; /* label not found; cannot close goto */
+}
+
+
+static int newlabelentry (LexState *ls, Labellist *l, TString *name,
+ int line, int pc) {
+ int n = l->n;
+ luaM_growvector(ls->L, l->arr, n, l->size,
+ Labeldesc, SHRT_MAX, "labels/gotos");
+ l->arr[n].name = name;
+ l->arr[n].line = line;
+ l->arr[n].nactvar = ls->fs->nactvar;
+ l->arr[n].pc = pc;
+ l->n++;
+ return n;
+}
+
+
+/*
+** check whether new label 'lb' matches any pending gotos in current
+** block; solves forward jumps
+*/
+static void findgotos (LexState *ls, Labeldesc *lb) {
+ Labellist *gl = &ls->dyd->gt;
+ int i = ls->fs->bl->firstgoto;
+ while (i < gl->n) {
+ if (eqstr(gl->arr[i].name, lb->name))
+ closegoto(ls, i, lb);
+ else
+ i++;
+ }
+}
+
+
+/*
+** "export" pending gotos to outer level, to check them against
+** outer labels; if the block being exited has upvalues, and
+** the goto exits the scope of any variable (which can be the
+** upvalue), close those variables being exited.
+*/
+static void movegotosout (FuncState *fs, BlockCnt *bl) {
+ int i = bl->firstgoto;
+ Labellist *gl = &fs->ls->dyd->gt;
+ /* correct pending gotos to current block and try to close it
+ with visible labels */
+ while (i < gl->n) {
+ Labeldesc *gt = &gl->arr[i];
+ if (gt->nactvar > bl->nactvar) {
+ if (bl->upval)
+ luaK_patchclose(fs, gt->pc, bl->nactvar);
+ gt->nactvar = bl->nactvar;
+ }
+ if (!findlabel(fs->ls, i))
+ i++; /* move to next one */
+ }
+}
+
+
+static void enterblock (FuncState *fs, BlockCnt *bl, lu_byte isloop) {
+ bl->isloop = isloop;
+ bl->nactvar = fs->nactvar;
+ bl->firstlabel = fs->ls->dyd->label.n;
+ bl->firstgoto = fs->ls->dyd->gt.n;
+ bl->upval = 0;
+ bl->previous = fs->bl;
+ fs->bl = bl;
+ lua_assert(fs->freereg == fs->nactvar);
+}
+
+
+/*
+** create a label named "break" to resolve break statements
+*/
+static void breaklabel (LexState *ls) {
+ TString *n = luaS_new(ls->L, "break");
+ int l = newlabelentry(ls, &ls->dyd->label, n, 0, ls->fs->pc);
+ findgotos(ls, &ls->dyd->label.arr[l]);
+}
+
+/*
+** generates an error for an undefined 'goto'; choose appropriate
+** message when label name is a reserved word (which can only be 'break')
+*/
+static l_noret undefgoto (LexState *ls, Labeldesc *gt) {
+ const char *msg = (gt->name->tsv.reserved > 0)
+ ? "<%s> at line %d not inside a loop"
+ : "no visible label " LUA_QS " for <goto> at line %d";
+ msg = luaO_pushfstring(ls->L, msg, getstr(gt->name), gt->line);
+ semerror(ls, msg);
+}
+
+
+static void leaveblock (FuncState *fs) {
+ BlockCnt *bl = fs->bl;
+ LexState *ls = fs->ls;
+ if (bl->previous && bl->upval) {
+ /* create a 'jump to here' to close upvalues */
+ int j = luaK_jump(fs);
+ luaK_patchclose(fs, j, bl->nactvar);
+ luaK_patchtohere(fs, j);
+ }
+ if (bl->isloop)
+ breaklabel(ls); /* close pending breaks */
+ fs->bl = bl->previous;
+ removevars(fs, bl->nactvar);
+ lua_assert(bl->nactvar == fs->nactvar);
+ fs->freereg = fs->nactvar; /* free registers */
+ ls->dyd->label.n = bl->firstlabel; /* remove local labels */
+ if (bl->previous) /* inner block? */
+ movegotosout(fs, bl); /* update pending gotos to outer block */
+ else if (bl->firstgoto < ls->dyd->gt.n) /* pending gotos in outer block? */
+ undefgoto(ls, &ls->dyd->gt.arr[bl->firstgoto]); /* error */
+}
+
+
+/*
+** adds prototype being created into its parent list of prototypes
+** and codes instruction to create new closure
+*/
+static void codeclosure (LexState *ls, Proto *clp, expdesc *v) {
+ FuncState *fs = ls->fs->prev;
+ Proto *f = fs->f; /* prototype of function creating new closure */
+ if (fs->np >= f->sizep) {
+ int oldsize = f->sizep;
+ luaM_growvector(ls->L, f->p, fs->np, f->sizep, Proto *,
+ MAXARG_Bx, "functions");
+ while (oldsize < f->sizep) f->p[oldsize++] = NULL;
+ }
+ f->p[fs->np++] = clp;
+ luaC_objbarrier(ls->L, f, clp);
+ init_exp(v, VRELOCABLE, luaK_codeABx(fs, OP_CLOSURE, 0, fs->np-1));
+ luaK_exp2nextreg(fs, v); /* fix it at stack top (for GC) */
+}
+
+
+static void open_func (LexState *ls, FuncState *fs, BlockCnt *bl) {
+ lua_State *L = ls->L;
+ Proto *f;
+ fs->prev = ls->fs; /* linked list of funcstates */
+ fs->ls = ls;
+ ls->fs = fs;
+ fs->pc = 0;
+ fs->lasttarget = 0;
+ fs->jpc = NO_JUMP;
+ fs->freereg = 0;
+ fs->nk = 0;
+ fs->np = 0;
+ fs->nups = 0;
+ fs->nlocvars = 0;
+ fs->nactvar = 0;
+ fs->firstlocal = ls->dyd->actvar.n;
+ fs->bl = NULL;
+ f = luaF_newproto(L);
+ fs->f = f;
+ f->source = ls->source;
+ f->maxstacksize = 2; /* registers 0/1 are always valid */
+ /* anchor prototype (to avoid being collected) */
+ setptvalue2s(L, L->top, f);
+ incr_top(L);
+ fs->h = luaH_new(L);
+ /* anchor table of constants (to avoid being collected) */
+ sethvalue2s(L, L->top, fs->h);
+ incr_top(L);
+ enterblock(fs, bl, 0);
+}
+
+
+static void close_func (LexState *ls) {
+ lua_State *L = ls->L;
+ FuncState *fs = ls->fs;
+ Proto *f = fs->f;
+ luaK_ret(fs, 0, 0); /* final return */
+ leaveblock(fs);
+ luaM_reallocvector(L, f->code, f->sizecode, fs->pc, Instruction);
+ f->sizecode = fs->pc;
+ luaM_reallocvector(L, f->lineinfo, f->sizelineinfo, fs->pc, int);
+ f->sizelineinfo = fs->pc;
+ luaM_reallocvector(L, f->k, f->sizek, fs->nk, TValue);
+ f->sizek = fs->nk;
+ luaM_reallocvector(L, f->p, f->sizep, fs->np, Proto *);
+ f->sizep = fs->np;
+ luaM_reallocvector(L, f->locvars, f->sizelocvars, fs->nlocvars, LocVar);
+ f->sizelocvars = fs->nlocvars;
+ luaM_reallocvector(L, f->upvalues, f->sizeupvalues, fs->nups, Upvaldesc);
+ f->sizeupvalues = fs->nups;
+ lua_assert(fs->bl == NULL);
+ ls->fs = fs->prev;
+ /* last token read was anchored in defunct function; must re-anchor it */
+ anchor_token(ls);
+ L->top--; /* pop table of constants */
+ luaC_checkGC(L);
+ L->top--; /* pop prototype (after possible collection) */
+}
+
+
+/*
+** opens the main function, which is a regular vararg function with an
+** upvalue named LUA_ENV
+*/
+static void open_mainfunc (LexState *ls, FuncState *fs, BlockCnt *bl) {
+ expdesc v;
+ open_func(ls, fs, bl);
+ fs->f->is_vararg = 1; /* main function is always vararg */
+ init_exp(&v, VLOCAL, 0);
+ newupvalue(fs, ls->envn, &v); /* create environment upvalue */
+}
+
+
+
+/*============================================================*/
+/* GRAMMAR RULES */
+/*============================================================*/
+
+
+/*
+** check whether current token is in the follow set of a block.
+** 'until' closes syntactical blocks, but do not close scope,
+** so it handled in separate.
+*/
+static int block_follow (LexState *ls, int withuntil) {
+ switch (ls->t.token) {
+ case TK_ELSE: case TK_ELSEIF:
+ case TK_END: case TK_EOS:
+ return 1;
+ case TK_UNTIL: return withuntil;
+ default: return 0;
+ }
+}
+
+
+static void statlist (LexState *ls) {
+ /* statlist -> { stat [`;'] } */
+ while (!block_follow(ls, 1)) {
+ if (ls->t.token == TK_RETURN) {
+ statement(ls);
+ return; /* 'return' must be last statement */
+ }
+ statement(ls);
+ }
+}
+
+
+static void fieldsel (LexState *ls, expdesc *v) {
+ /* fieldsel -> ['.' | ':'] NAME */
+ FuncState *fs = ls->fs;
+ expdesc key;
+ luaK_exp2anyregup(fs, v);
+ luaX_next(ls); /* skip the dot or colon */
+ checkname(ls, &key);
+ luaK_indexed(fs, v, &key);
+}
+
+
+static void yindex (LexState *ls, expdesc *v) {
+ /* index -> '[' expr ']' */
+ luaX_next(ls); /* skip the '[' */
+ expr(ls, v);
+ luaK_exp2val(ls->fs, v);
+ checknext(ls, ']');
+}
+
+
+/*
+** {======================================================================
+** Rules for Constructors
+** =======================================================================
+*/
+
+
+struct ConsControl {
+ expdesc v; /* last list item read */
+ expdesc *t; /* table descriptor */
+ int nh; /* total number of `record' elements */
+ int na; /* total number of array elements */
+ int tostore; /* number of array elements pending to be stored */
+};
+
+
+static void recfield (LexState *ls, struct ConsControl *cc) {
+ /* recfield -> (NAME | `['exp1`]') = exp1 */
+ FuncState *fs = ls->fs;
+ int reg = ls->fs->freereg;
+ expdesc key, val;
+ int rkkey;
+ if (ls->t.token == TK_NAME) {
+ checklimit(fs, cc->nh, MAX_INT, "items in a constructor");
+ checkname(ls, &key);
+ }
+ else /* ls->t.token == '[' */
+ yindex(ls, &key);
+ cc->nh++;
+ checknext(ls, '=');
+ rkkey = luaK_exp2RK(fs, &key);
+ expr(ls, &val);
+ luaK_codeABC(fs, OP_SETTABLE, cc->t->u.info, rkkey, luaK_exp2RK(fs, &val));
+ fs->freereg = reg; /* free registers */
+}
+
+
+static void closelistfield (FuncState *fs, struct ConsControl *cc) {
+ if (cc->v.k == VVOID) return; /* there is no list item */
+ luaK_exp2nextreg(fs, &cc->v);
+ cc->v.k = VVOID;
+ if (cc->tostore == LFIELDS_PER_FLUSH) {
+ luaK_setlist(fs, cc->t->u.info, cc->na, cc->tostore); /* flush */
+ cc->tostore = 0; /* no more items pending */
+ }
+}
+
+
+static void lastlistfield (FuncState *fs, struct ConsControl *cc) {
+ if (cc->tostore == 0) return;
+ if (hasmultret(cc->v.k)) {
+ luaK_setmultret(fs, &cc->v);
+ luaK_setlist(fs, cc->t->u.info, cc->na, LUA_MULTRET);
+ cc->na--; /* do not count last expression (unknown number of elements) */
+ }
+ else {
+ if (cc->v.k != VVOID)
+ luaK_exp2nextreg(fs, &cc->v);
+ luaK_setlist(fs, cc->t->u.info, cc->na, cc->tostore);
+ }
+}
+
+
+static void listfield (LexState *ls, struct ConsControl *cc) {
+ /* listfield -> exp */
+ expr(ls, &cc->v);
+ checklimit(ls->fs, cc->na, MAX_INT, "items in a constructor");
+ cc->na++;
+ cc->tostore++;
+}
+
+
+static void field (LexState *ls, struct ConsControl *cc) {
+ /* field -> listfield | recfield */
+ switch(ls->t.token) {
+ case TK_NAME: { /* may be 'listfield' or 'recfield' */
+ if (luaX_lookahead(ls) != '=') /* expression? */
+ listfield(ls, cc);
+ else
+ recfield(ls, cc);
+ break;
+ }
+ case '[': {
+ recfield(ls, cc);
+ break;
+ }
+ default: {
+ listfield(ls, cc);
+ break;
+ }
+ }
+}
+
+
+static void constructor (LexState *ls, expdesc *t) {
+ /* constructor -> '{' [ field { sep field } [sep] ] '}'
+ sep -> ',' | ';' */
+ FuncState *fs = ls->fs;
+ int line = ls->linenumber;
+ int pc = luaK_codeABC(fs, OP_NEWTABLE, 0, 0, 0);
+ struct ConsControl cc;
+ cc.na = cc.nh = cc.tostore = 0;
+ cc.t = t;
+ init_exp(t, VRELOCABLE, pc);
+ init_exp(&cc.v, VVOID, 0); /* no value (yet) */
+ luaK_exp2nextreg(ls->fs, t); /* fix it at stack top */
+ checknext(ls, '{');
+ do {
+ lua_assert(cc.v.k == VVOID || cc.tostore > 0);
+ if (ls->t.token == '}') break;
+ closelistfield(fs, &cc);
+ field(ls, &cc);
+ } while (testnext(ls, ',') || testnext(ls, ';'));
+ check_match(ls, '}', '{', line);
+ lastlistfield(fs, &cc);
+ SETARG_B(fs->f->code[pc], luaO_int2fb(cc.na)); /* set initial array size */
+ SETARG_C(fs->f->code[pc], luaO_int2fb(cc.nh)); /* set initial table size */
+}
+
+/* }====================================================================== */
+
+
+
+static void parlist (LexState *ls) {
+ /* parlist -> [ param { `,' param } ] */
+ FuncState *fs = ls->fs;
+ Proto *f = fs->f;
+ int nparams = 0;
+ f->is_vararg = 0;
+ if (ls->t.token != ')') { /* is `parlist' not empty? */
+ do {
+ switch (ls->t.token) {
+ case TK_NAME: { /* param -> NAME */
+ new_localvar(ls, str_checkname(ls));
+ nparams++;
+ break;
+ }
+ case TK_DOTS: { /* param -> `...' */
+ luaX_next(ls);
+ f->is_vararg = 1;
+ break;
+ }
+ default: luaX_syntaxerror(ls, "<name> or " LUA_QL("...") " expected");
+ }
+ } while (!f->is_vararg && testnext(ls, ','));
+ }
+ adjustlocalvars(ls, nparams);
+ f->numparams = cast_byte(fs->nactvar);
+ luaK_reserveregs(fs, fs->nactvar); /* reserve register for parameters */
+}
+
+
+static void body (LexState *ls, expdesc *e, int ismethod, int line) {
+ /* body -> `(' parlist `)' block END */
+ FuncState new_fs;
+ BlockCnt bl;
+ open_func(ls, &new_fs, &bl);
+ new_fs.f->linedefined = line;
+ checknext(ls, '(');
+ if (ismethod) {
+ new_localvarliteral(ls, "self"); /* create 'self' parameter */
+ adjustlocalvars(ls, 1);
+ }
+ parlist(ls);
+ checknext(ls, ')');
+ statlist(ls);
+ new_fs.f->lastlinedefined = ls->linenumber;
+ check_match(ls, TK_END, TK_FUNCTION, line);
+ codeclosure(ls, new_fs.f, e);
+ close_func(ls);
+}
+
+
+static int explist (LexState *ls, expdesc *v) {
+ /* explist -> expr { `,' expr } */
+ int n = 1; /* at least one expression */
+ expr(ls, v);
+ while (testnext(ls, ',')) {
+ luaK_exp2nextreg(ls->fs, v);
+ expr(ls, v);
+ n++;
+ }
+ return n;
+}
+
+
+static void funcargs (LexState *ls, expdesc *f, int line) {
+ FuncState *fs = ls->fs;
+ expdesc args;
+ int base, nparams;
+ switch (ls->t.token) {
+ case '(': { /* funcargs -> `(' [ explist ] `)' */
+ luaX_next(ls);
+ if (ls->t.token == ')') /* arg list is empty? */
+ args.k = VVOID;
+ else {
+ explist(ls, &args);
+ luaK_setmultret(fs, &args);
+ }
+ check_match(ls, ')', '(', line);
+ break;
+ }
+ case '{': { /* funcargs -> constructor */
+ constructor(ls, &args);
+ break;
+ }
+ case TK_STRING: { /* funcargs -> STRING */
+ codestring(ls, &args, ls->t.seminfo.ts);
+ luaX_next(ls); /* must use `seminfo' before `next' */
+ break;
+ }
+ default: {
+ luaX_syntaxerror(ls, "function arguments expected");
+ }
+ }
+ lua_assert(f->k == VNONRELOC);
+ base = f->u.info; /* base register for call */
+ if (hasmultret(args.k))
+ nparams = LUA_MULTRET; /* open call */
+ else {
+ if (args.k != VVOID)
+ luaK_exp2nextreg(fs, &args); /* close last argument */
+ nparams = fs->freereg - (base+1);
+ }
+ init_exp(f, VCALL, luaK_codeABC(fs, OP_CALL, base, nparams+1, 2));
+ luaK_fixline(fs, line);
+ fs->freereg = base+1; /* call remove function and arguments and leaves
+ (unless changed) one result */
+}
+
+
+
+
+/*
+** {======================================================================
+** Expression parsing
+** =======================================================================
+*/
+
+
+static void prefixexp (LexState *ls, expdesc *v) {
+ /* prefixexp -> NAME | '(' expr ')' */
+ switch (ls->t.token) {
+ case '(': {
+ int line = ls->linenumber;
+ luaX_next(ls);
+ expr(ls, v);
+ check_match(ls, ')', '(', line);
+ luaK_dischargevars(ls->fs, v);
+ return;
+ }
+ case TK_NAME: {
+ singlevar(ls, v);
+ return;
+ }
+ default: {
+ luaX_syntaxerror(ls, "unexpected symbol");
+ }
+ }
+}
+
+
+static void primaryexp (LexState *ls, expdesc *v) {
+ /* primaryexp ->
+ prefixexp { `.' NAME | `[' exp `]' | `:' NAME funcargs | funcargs } */
+ FuncState *fs = ls->fs;
+ int line = ls->linenumber;
+ prefixexp(ls, v);
+ for (;;) {
+ switch (ls->t.token) {
+ case '.': { /* fieldsel */
+ fieldsel(ls, v);
+ break;
+ }
+ case '[': { /* `[' exp1 `]' */
+ expdesc key;
+ luaK_exp2anyregup(fs, v);
+ yindex(ls, &key);
+ luaK_indexed(fs, v, &key);
+ break;
+ }
+ case ':': { /* `:' NAME funcargs */
+ expdesc key;
+ luaX_next(ls);
+ checkname(ls, &key);
+ luaK_self(fs, v, &key);
+ funcargs(ls, v, line);
+ break;
+ }
+ case '(': case TK_STRING: case '{': { /* funcargs */
+ luaK_exp2nextreg(fs, v);
+ funcargs(ls, v, line);
+ break;
+ }
+ default: return;
+ }
+ }
+}
+
+
+static void simpleexp (LexState *ls, expdesc *v) {
+ /* simpleexp -> NUMBER | STRING | NIL | TRUE | FALSE | ... |
+ constructor | FUNCTION body | primaryexp */
+ switch (ls->t.token) {
+ case TK_NUMBER: {
+ init_exp(v, VKNUM, 0);
+ v->u.nval = ls->t.seminfo.r;
+ break;
+ }
+ case TK_STRING: {
+ codestring(ls, v, ls->t.seminfo.ts);
+ break;
+ }
+ case TK_NIL: {
+ init_exp(v, VNIL, 0);
+ break;
+ }
+ case TK_TRUE: {
+ init_exp(v, VTRUE, 0);
+ break;
+ }
+ case TK_FALSE: {
+ init_exp(v, VFALSE, 0);
+ break;
+ }
+ case TK_DOTS: { /* vararg */
+ FuncState *fs = ls->fs;
+ check_condition(ls, fs->f->is_vararg,
+ "cannot use " LUA_QL("...") " outside a vararg function");
+ init_exp(v, VVARARG, luaK_codeABC(fs, OP_VARARG, 0, 1, 0));
+ break;
+ }
+ case '{': { /* constructor */
+ constructor(ls, v);
+ return;
+ }
+ case TK_FUNCTION: {
+ luaX_next(ls);
+ body(ls, v, 0, ls->linenumber);
+ return;
+ }
+ default: {
+ primaryexp(ls, v);
+ return;
+ }
+ }
+ luaX_next(ls);
+}
+
+
+static UnOpr getunopr (int op) {
+ switch (op) {
+ case TK_NOT: return OPR_NOT;
+ case '-': return OPR_MINUS;
+ case '#': return OPR_LEN;
+ default: return OPR_NOUNOPR;
+ }
+}
+
+
+static BinOpr getbinopr (int op) {
+ switch (op) {
+ case '+': return OPR_ADD;
+ case '-': return OPR_SUB;
+ case '*': return OPR_MUL;
+ case '/': return OPR_DIV;
+ case '%': return OPR_MOD;
+ case '^': return OPR_POW;
+ case TK_CONCAT: return OPR_CONCAT;
+ case TK_NE: return OPR_NE;
+ case TK_EQ: return OPR_EQ;
+ case '<': return OPR_LT;
+ case TK_LE: return OPR_LE;
+ case '>': return OPR_GT;
+ case TK_GE: return OPR_GE;
+ case TK_AND: return OPR_AND;
+ case TK_OR: return OPR_OR;
+ default: return OPR_NOBINOPR;
+ }
+}
+
+
+static const struct {
+ lu_byte left; /* left priority for each binary operator */
+ lu_byte right; /* right priority */
+} priority[] = { /* ORDER OPR */
+ {6, 6}, {6, 6}, {7, 7}, {7, 7}, {7, 7}, /* `+' `-' `*' `/' `%' */
+ {10, 9}, {5, 4}, /* ^, .. (right associative) */
+ {3, 3}, {3, 3}, {3, 3}, /* ==, <, <= */
+ {3, 3}, {3, 3}, {3, 3}, /* ~=, >, >= */
+ {2, 2}, {1, 1} /* and, or */
+};
+
+#define UNARY_PRIORITY 8 /* priority for unary operators */
+
+
+/*
+** subexpr -> (simpleexp | unop subexpr) { binop subexpr }
+** where `binop' is any binary operator with a priority higher than `limit'
+*/
+static BinOpr subexpr (LexState *ls, expdesc *v, int limit) {
+ BinOpr op;
+ UnOpr uop;
+ enterlevel(ls);
+ uop = getunopr(ls->t.token);
+ if (uop != OPR_NOUNOPR) {
+ int line = ls->linenumber;
+ luaX_next(ls);
+ subexpr(ls, v, UNARY_PRIORITY);
+ luaK_prefix(ls->fs, uop, v, line);
+ }
+ else simpleexp(ls, v);
+ /* expand while operators have priorities higher than `limit' */
+ op = getbinopr(ls->t.token);
+ while (op != OPR_NOBINOPR && priority[op].left > limit) {
+ expdesc v2;
+ BinOpr nextop;
+ int line = ls->linenumber;
+ luaX_next(ls);
+ luaK_infix(ls->fs, op, v);
+ /* read sub-expression with higher priority */
+ nextop = subexpr(ls, &v2, priority[op].right);
+ luaK_posfix(ls->fs, op, v, &v2, line);
+ op = nextop;
+ }
+ leavelevel(ls);
+ return op; /* return first untreated operator */
+}
+
+
+static void expr (LexState *ls, expdesc *v) {
+ subexpr(ls, v, 0);
+}
+
+/* }==================================================================== */
+
+
+
+/*
+** {======================================================================
+** Rules for Statements
+** =======================================================================
+*/
+
+
+static void block (LexState *ls) {
+ /* block -> statlist */
+ FuncState *fs = ls->fs;
+ BlockCnt bl;
+ enterblock(fs, &bl, 0);
+ statlist(ls);
+ leaveblock(fs);
+}
+
+
+/*
+** structure to chain all variables in the left-hand side of an
+** assignment
+*/
+struct LHS_assign {
+ struct LHS_assign *prev;
+ expdesc v; /* variable (global, local, upvalue, or indexed) */
+};
+
+
+/*
+** check whether, in an assignment to an upvalue/local variable, the
+** upvalue/local variable is begin used in a previous assignment to a
+** table. If so, save original upvalue/local value in a safe place and
+** use this safe copy in the previous assignment.
+*/
+static void check_conflict (LexState *ls, struct LHS_assign *lh, expdesc *v) {
+ FuncState *fs = ls->fs;
+ int extra = fs->freereg; /* eventual position to save local variable */
+ int conflict = 0;
+ for (; lh; lh = lh->prev) { /* check all previous assignments */
+ if (lh->v.k == VINDEXED) { /* assigning to a table? */
+ /* table is the upvalue/local being assigned now? */
+ if (lh->v.u.ind.vt == v->k && lh->v.u.ind.t == v->u.info) {
+ conflict = 1;
+ lh->v.u.ind.vt = VLOCAL;
+ lh->v.u.ind.t = extra; /* previous assignment will use safe copy */
+ }
+ /* index is the local being assigned? (index cannot be upvalue) */
+ if (v->k == VLOCAL && lh->v.u.ind.idx == v->u.info) {
+ conflict = 1;
+ lh->v.u.ind.idx = extra; /* previous assignment will use safe copy */
+ }
+ }
+ }
+ if (conflict) {
+ /* copy upvalue/local value to a temporary (in position 'extra') */
+ OpCode op = (v->k == VLOCAL) ? OP_MOVE : OP_GETUPVAL;
+ luaK_codeABC(fs, op, extra, v->u.info, 0);
+ luaK_reserveregs(fs, 1);
+ }
+}
+
+
+static void assignment (LexState *ls, struct LHS_assign *lh, int nvars) {
+ expdesc e;
+ check_condition(ls, vkisvar(lh->v.k), "syntax error");
+ if (testnext(ls, ',')) { /* assignment -> `,' primaryexp assignment */
+ struct LHS_assign nv;
+ nv.prev = lh;
+ primaryexp(ls, &nv.v);
+ if (nv.v.k != VINDEXED)
+ check_conflict(ls, lh, &nv.v);
+ checklimit(ls->fs, nvars + ls->L->nCcalls, LUAI_MAXCCALLS,
+ "C levels");
+ assignment(ls, &nv, nvars+1);
+ }
+ else { /* assignment -> `=' explist */
+ int nexps;
+ checknext(ls, '=');
+ nexps = explist(ls, &e);
+ if (nexps != nvars) {
+ adjust_assign(ls, nvars, nexps, &e);
+ if (nexps > nvars)
+ ls->fs->freereg -= nexps - nvars; /* remove extra values */
+ }
+ else {
+ luaK_setoneret(ls->fs, &e); /* close last expression */
+ luaK_storevar(ls->fs, &lh->v, &e);
+ return; /* avoid default */
+ }
+ }
+ init_exp(&e, VNONRELOC, ls->fs->freereg-1); /* default assignment */
+ luaK_storevar(ls->fs, &lh->v, &e);
+}
+
+
+static int cond (LexState *ls) {
+ /* cond -> exp */
+ expdesc v;
+ expr(ls, &v); /* read condition */
+ if (v.k == VNIL) v.k = VFALSE; /* `falses' are all equal here */
+ luaK_goiftrue(ls->fs, &v);
+ return v.f;
+}
+
+
+static void gotostat (LexState *ls, int pc) {
+ int line = ls->linenumber;
+ TString *label;
+ int g;
+ if (testnext(ls, TK_GOTO))
+ label = str_checkname(ls);
+ else {
+ luaX_next(ls); /* skip break */
+ label = luaS_new(ls->L, "break");
+ }
+ g = newlabelentry(ls, &ls->dyd->gt, label, line, pc);
+ findlabel(ls, g); /* close it if label already defined */
+}
+
+
+/* check for repeated labels on the same block */
+static void checkrepeated (FuncState *fs, Labellist *ll, TString *label) {
+ int i;
+ for (i = fs->bl->firstlabel; i < ll->n; i++) {
+ if (eqstr(label, ll->arr[i].name)) {
+ const char *msg = luaO_pushfstring(fs->ls->L,
+ "label " LUA_QS " already defined on line %d",
+ getstr(label), ll->arr[i].line);
+ semerror(fs->ls, msg);
+ }
+ }
+}
+
+
+static void labelstat (LexState *ls, TString *label, int line) {
+ /* label -> '::' NAME '::' */
+ FuncState *fs = ls->fs;
+ Labellist *ll = &ls->dyd->label;
+ int l; /* index of new label being created */
+ checkrepeated(fs, ll, label); /* check for repeated labels */
+ checknext(ls, TK_DBCOLON); /* skip double colon */
+ /* create new entry for this label */
+ l = newlabelentry(ls, ll, label, line, fs->pc);
+ /* skip other no-op statements */
+ while (ls->t.token == ';' || ls->t.token == TK_DBCOLON)
+ statement(ls);
+ if (block_follow(ls, 0)) { /* label is last no-op statement in the block? */
+ /* assume that locals are already out of scope */
+ ll->arr[l].nactvar = fs->bl->nactvar;
+ }
+ findgotos(ls, &ll->arr[l]);
+}
+
+
+static void whilestat (LexState *ls, int line) {
+ /* whilestat -> WHILE cond DO block END */
+ FuncState *fs = ls->fs;
+ int whileinit;
+ int condexit;
+ BlockCnt bl;
+ luaX_next(ls); /* skip WHILE */
+ whileinit = luaK_getlabel(fs);
+ condexit = cond(ls);
+ enterblock(fs, &bl, 1);
+ checknext(ls, TK_DO);
+ block(ls);
+ luaK_jumpto(fs, whileinit);
+ check_match(ls, TK_END, TK_WHILE, line);
+ leaveblock(fs);
+ luaK_patchtohere(fs, condexit); /* false conditions finish the loop */
+}
+
+
+static void repeatstat (LexState *ls, int line) {
+ /* repeatstat -> REPEAT block UNTIL cond */
+ int condexit;
+ FuncState *fs = ls->fs;
+ int repeat_init = luaK_getlabel(fs);
+ BlockCnt bl1, bl2;
+ enterblock(fs, &bl1, 1); /* loop block */
+ enterblock(fs, &bl2, 0); /* scope block */
+ luaX_next(ls); /* skip REPEAT */
+ statlist(ls);
+ check_match(ls, TK_UNTIL, TK_REPEAT, line);
+ condexit = cond(ls); /* read condition (inside scope block) */
+ if (bl2.upval) /* upvalues? */
+ luaK_patchclose(fs, condexit, bl2.nactvar);
+ leaveblock(fs); /* finish scope */
+ luaK_patchlist(fs, condexit, repeat_init); /* close the loop */
+ leaveblock(fs); /* finish loop */
+}
+
+
+static int exp1 (LexState *ls) {
+ expdesc e;
+ int reg;
+ expr(ls, &e);
+ luaK_exp2nextreg(ls->fs, &e);
+ lua_assert(e.k == VNONRELOC);
+ reg = e.u.info;
+ return reg;
+}
+
+
+static void forbody (LexState *ls, int base, int line, int nvars, int isnum) {
+ /* forbody -> DO block */
+ BlockCnt bl;
+ FuncState *fs = ls->fs;
+ int prep, endfor;
+ adjustlocalvars(ls, 3); /* control variables */
+ checknext(ls, TK_DO);
+ prep = isnum ? luaK_codeAsBx(fs, OP_FORPREP, base, NO_JUMP) : luaK_jump(fs);
+ enterblock(fs, &bl, 0); /* scope for declared variables */
+ adjustlocalvars(ls, nvars);
+ luaK_reserveregs(fs, nvars);
+ block(ls);
+ leaveblock(fs); /* end of scope for declared variables */
+ luaK_patchtohere(fs, prep);
+ if (isnum) /* numeric for? */
+ endfor = luaK_codeAsBx(fs, OP_FORLOOP, base, NO_JUMP);
+ else { /* generic for */
+ luaK_codeABC(fs, OP_TFORCALL, base, 0, nvars);
+ luaK_fixline(fs, line);
+ endfor = luaK_codeAsBx(fs, OP_TFORLOOP, base + 2, NO_JUMP);
+ }
+ luaK_patchlist(fs, endfor, prep + 1);
+ luaK_fixline(fs, line);
+}
+
+
+static void fornum (LexState *ls, TString *varname, int line) {
+ /* fornum -> NAME = exp1,exp1[,exp1] forbody */
+ FuncState *fs = ls->fs;
+ int base = fs->freereg;
+ new_localvarliteral(ls, "(for index)");
+ new_localvarliteral(ls, "(for limit)");
+ new_localvarliteral(ls, "(for step)");
+ new_localvar(ls, varname);
+ checknext(ls, '=');
+ exp1(ls); /* initial value */
+ checknext(ls, ',');
+ exp1(ls); /* limit */
+ if (testnext(ls, ','))
+ exp1(ls); /* optional step */
+ else { /* default step = 1 */
+ luaK_codek(fs, fs->freereg, luaK_numberK(fs, 1));
+ luaK_reserveregs(fs, 1);
+ }
+ forbody(ls, base, line, 1, 1);
+}
+
+
+static void forlist (LexState *ls, TString *indexname) {
+ /* forlist -> NAME {,NAME} IN explist forbody */
+ FuncState *fs = ls->fs;
+ expdesc e;
+ int nvars = 4; /* gen, state, control, plus at least one declared var */
+ int line;
+ int base = fs->freereg;
+ /* create control variables */
+ new_localvarliteral(ls, "(for generator)");
+ new_localvarliteral(ls, "(for state)");
+ new_localvarliteral(ls, "(for control)");
+ /* create declared variables */
+ new_localvar(ls, indexname);
+ while (testnext(ls, ',')) {
+ new_localvar(ls, str_checkname(ls));
+ nvars++;
+ }
+ checknext(ls, TK_IN);
+ line = ls->linenumber;
+ adjust_assign(ls, 3, explist(ls, &e), &e);
+ luaK_checkstack(fs, 3); /* extra space to call generator */
+ forbody(ls, base, line, nvars - 3, 0);
+}
+
+
+static void forstat (LexState *ls, int line) {
+ /* forstat -> FOR (fornum | forlist) END */
+ FuncState *fs = ls->fs;
+ TString *varname;
+ BlockCnt bl;
+ enterblock(fs, &bl, 1); /* scope for loop and control variables */
+ luaX_next(ls); /* skip `for' */
+ varname = str_checkname(ls); /* first variable name */
+ switch (ls->t.token) {
+ case '=': fornum(ls, varname, line); break;
+ case ',': case TK_IN: forlist(ls, varname); break;
+ default: luaX_syntaxerror(ls, LUA_QL("=") " or " LUA_QL("in") " expected");
+ }
+ check_match(ls, TK_END, TK_FOR, line);
+ leaveblock(fs); /* loop scope (`break' jumps to this point) */
+}
+
+
+static void test_then_block (LexState *ls, int *escapelist) {
+ /* test_then_block -> [IF | ELSEIF] cond THEN block */
+ BlockCnt bl;
+ FuncState *fs = ls->fs;
+ expdesc v;
+ int jf; /* instruction to skip 'then' code (if condition is false) */
+ luaX_next(ls); /* skip IF or ELSEIF */
+ expr(ls, &v); /* read condition */
+ checknext(ls, TK_THEN);
+ if (ls->t.token == TK_GOTO || ls->t.token == TK_BREAK) {
+ luaK_goiffalse(ls->fs, &v); /* will jump to label if condition is true */
+ enterblock(fs, &bl, 0); /* must enter block before 'goto' */
+ gotostat(ls, v.t); /* handle goto/break */
+ if (block_follow(ls, 0)) { /* 'goto' is the entire block? */
+ leaveblock(fs);
+ return; /* and that is it */
+ }
+ else /* must skip over 'then' part if condition is false */
+ jf = luaK_jump(fs);
+ }
+ else { /* regular case (not goto/break) */
+ luaK_goiftrue(ls->fs, &v); /* skip over block if condition is false */
+ enterblock(fs, &bl, 0);
+ jf = v.f;
+ }
+ statlist(ls); /* `then' part */
+ leaveblock(fs);
+ if (ls->t.token == TK_ELSE ||
+ ls->t.token == TK_ELSEIF) /* followed by 'else'/'elseif'? */
+ luaK_concat(fs, escapelist, luaK_jump(fs)); /* must jump over it */
+ luaK_patchtohere(fs, jf);
+}
+
+
+static void ifstat (LexState *ls, int line) {
+ /* ifstat -> IF cond THEN block {ELSEIF cond THEN block} [ELSE block] END */
+ FuncState *fs = ls->fs;
+ int escapelist = NO_JUMP; /* exit list for finished parts */
+ test_then_block(ls, &escapelist); /* IF cond THEN block */
+ while (ls->t.token == TK_ELSEIF)
+ test_then_block(ls, &escapelist); /* ELSEIF cond THEN block */
+ if (testnext(ls, TK_ELSE))
+ block(ls); /* `else' part */
+ check_match(ls, TK_END, TK_IF, line);
+ luaK_patchtohere(fs, escapelist); /* patch escape list to 'if' end */
+}
+
+
+static void localfunc (LexState *ls) {
+ expdesc b;
+ FuncState *fs = ls->fs;
+ new_localvar(ls, str_checkname(ls)); /* new local variable */
+ adjustlocalvars(ls, 1); /* enter its scope */
+ body(ls, &b, 0, ls->linenumber); /* function created in next register */
+ /* debug information will only see the variable after this point! */
+ getlocvar(fs, b.u.info)->startpc = fs->pc;
+}
+
+
+static void localstat (LexState *ls) {
+ /* stat -> LOCAL NAME {`,' NAME} [`=' explist] */
+ int nvars = 0;
+ int nexps;
+ expdesc e;
+ do {
+ new_localvar(ls, str_checkname(ls));
+ nvars++;
+ } while (testnext(ls, ','));
+ if (testnext(ls, '='))
+ nexps = explist(ls, &e);
+ else {
+ e.k = VVOID;
+ nexps = 0;
+ }
+ adjust_assign(ls, nvars, nexps, &e);
+ adjustlocalvars(ls, nvars);
+}
+
+
+static int funcname (LexState *ls, expdesc *v) {
+ /* funcname -> NAME {fieldsel} [`:' NAME] */
+ int ismethod = 0;
+ singlevar(ls, v);
+ while (ls->t.token == '.')
+ fieldsel(ls, v);
+ if (ls->t.token == ':') {
+ ismethod = 1;
+ fieldsel(ls, v);
+ }
+ return ismethod;
+}
+
+
+static void funcstat (LexState *ls, int line) {
+ /* funcstat -> FUNCTION funcname body */
+ int ismethod;
+ expdesc v, b;
+ luaX_next(ls); /* skip FUNCTION */
+ ismethod = funcname(ls, &v);
+ body(ls, &b, ismethod, line);
+ luaK_storevar(ls->fs, &v, &b);
+ luaK_fixline(ls->fs, line); /* definition `happens' in the first line */
+}
+
+
+static void exprstat (LexState *ls) {
+ /* stat -> func | assignment */
+ FuncState *fs = ls->fs;
+ struct LHS_assign v;
+ primaryexp(ls, &v.v);
+ if (v.v.k == VCALL) /* stat -> func */
+ SETARG_C(getcode(fs, &v.v), 1); /* call statement uses no results */
+ else { /* stat -> assignment */
+ v.prev = NULL;
+ assignment(ls, &v, 1);
+ }
+}
+
+
+static void retstat (LexState *ls) {
+ /* stat -> RETURN [explist] [';'] */
+ FuncState *fs = ls->fs;
+ expdesc e;
+ int first, nret; /* registers with returned values */
+ if (block_follow(ls, 1) || ls->t.token == ';')
+ first = nret = 0; /* return no values */
+ else {
+ nret = explist(ls, &e); /* optional return values */
+ if (hasmultret(e.k)) {
+ luaK_setmultret(fs, &e);
+ if (e.k == VCALL && nret == 1) { /* tail call? */
+ SET_OPCODE(getcode(fs,&e), OP_TAILCALL);
+ lua_assert(GETARG_A(getcode(fs,&e)) == fs->nactvar);
+ }
+ first = fs->nactvar;
+ nret = LUA_MULTRET; /* return all values */
+ }
+ else {
+ if (nret == 1) /* only one single value? */
+ first = luaK_exp2anyreg(fs, &e);
+ else {
+ luaK_exp2nextreg(fs, &e); /* values must go to the `stack' */
+ first = fs->nactvar; /* return all `active' values */
+ lua_assert(nret == fs->freereg - first);
+ }
+ }
+ }
+ luaK_ret(fs, first, nret);
+ testnext(ls, ';'); /* skip optional semicolon */
+}
+
+
+static void statement (LexState *ls) {
+ int line = ls->linenumber; /* may be needed for error messages */
+ enterlevel(ls);
+ switch (ls->t.token) {
+ case ';': { /* stat -> ';' (empty statement) */
+ luaX_next(ls); /* skip ';' */
+ break;
+ }
+ case TK_IF: { /* stat -> ifstat */
+ ifstat(ls, line);
+ break;
+ }
+ case TK_WHILE: { /* stat -> whilestat */
+ whilestat(ls, line);
+ break;
+ }
+ case TK_DO: { /* stat -> DO block END */
+ luaX_next(ls); /* skip DO */
+ block(ls);
+ check_match(ls, TK_END, TK_DO, line);
+ break;
+ }
+ case TK_FOR: { /* stat -> forstat */
+ forstat(ls, line);
+ break;
+ }
+ case TK_REPEAT: { /* stat -> repeatstat */
+ repeatstat(ls, line);
+ break;
+ }
+ case TK_FUNCTION: { /* stat -> funcstat */
+ funcstat(ls, line);
+ break;
+ }
+ case TK_LOCAL: { /* stat -> localstat */
+ luaX_next(ls); /* skip LOCAL */
+ if (testnext(ls, TK_FUNCTION)) /* local function? */
+ localfunc(ls);
+ else
+ localstat(ls);
+ break;
+ }
+ case TK_DBCOLON: { /* stat -> label */
+ luaX_next(ls); /* skip double colon */
+ labelstat(ls, str_checkname(ls), line);
+ break;
+ }
+ case TK_RETURN: { /* stat -> retstat */
+ luaX_next(ls); /* skip RETURN */
+ retstat(ls);
+ break;
+ }
+ case TK_BREAK: /* stat -> breakstat */
+ case TK_GOTO: { /* stat -> 'goto' NAME */
+ gotostat(ls, luaK_jump(ls->fs));
+ break;
+ }
+ default: { /* stat -> func | assignment */
+ exprstat(ls);
+ break;
+ }
+ }
+ lua_assert(ls->fs->f->maxstacksize >= ls->fs->freereg &&
+ ls->fs->freereg >= ls->fs->nactvar);
+ ls->fs->freereg = ls->fs->nactvar; /* free registers */
+ leavelevel(ls);
+}
+
+/* }====================================================================== */
+
+
+Proto *luaY_parser (lua_State *L, ZIO *z, Mbuffer *buff,
+ Dyndata *dyd, const char *name, int firstchar) {
+ LexState lexstate;
+ FuncState funcstate;
+ BlockCnt bl;
+ TString *tname = luaS_new(L, name);
+ setsvalue2s(L, L->top, tname); /* push name to protect it */
+ incr_top(L);
+ lexstate.buff = buff;
+ lexstate.dyd = dyd;
+ dyd->actvar.n = dyd->gt.n = dyd->label.n = 0;
+ luaX_setinput(L, &lexstate, z, tname, firstchar);
+ open_mainfunc(&lexstate, &funcstate, &bl);
+ luaX_next(&lexstate); /* read first token */
+ statlist(&lexstate); /* main body */
+ check(&lexstate, TK_EOS);
+ close_func(&lexstate);
+ L->top--; /* pop name */
+ lua_assert(!funcstate.prev && funcstate.nups == 1 && !lexstate.fs);
+ /* all scopes should be correctly finished */
+ lua_assert(dyd->actvar.n == 0 && dyd->gt.n == 0 && dyd->label.n == 0);
+ return funcstate.f;
+}
+
--- /dev/null
+/*
+** $Id: lparser.h,v 1.69 2011/07/27 18:09:01 roberto Exp $
+** Lua Parser
+** See Copyright Notice in lua.h
+*/
+
+#ifndef lparser_h
+#define lparser_h
+
+#include "llimits.h"
+#include "lobject.h"
+#include "lzio.h"
+
+
+/*
+** Expression descriptor
+*/
+
+typedef enum {
+ VVOID, /* no value */
+ VNIL,
+ VTRUE,
+ VFALSE,
+ VK, /* info = index of constant in `k' */
+ VKNUM, /* nval = numerical value */
+ VNONRELOC, /* info = result register */
+ VLOCAL, /* info = local register */
+ VUPVAL, /* info = index of upvalue in 'upvalues' */
+ VINDEXED, /* t = table register/upvalue; idx = index R/K */
+ VJMP, /* info = instruction pc */
+ VRELOCABLE, /* info = instruction pc */
+ VCALL, /* info = instruction pc */
+ VVARARG /* info = instruction pc */
+} expkind;
+
+
+#define vkisvar(k) (VLOCAL <= (k) && (k) <= VINDEXED)
+#define vkisinreg(k) ((k) == VNONRELOC || (k) == VLOCAL)
+
+typedef struct expdesc {
+ expkind k;
+ union {
+ struct { /* for indexed variables (VINDEXED) */
+ short idx; /* index (R/K) */
+ lu_byte t; /* table (register or upvalue) */
+ lu_byte vt; /* whether 't' is register (VLOCAL) or upvalue (VUPVAL) */
+ } ind;
+ int info; /* for generic use */
+ lua_Number nval; /* for VKNUM */
+ } u;
+ int t; /* patch list of `exit when true' */
+ int f; /* patch list of `exit when false' */
+} expdesc;
+
+
+/* description of active local variable */
+typedef struct Vardesc {
+ short idx; /* variable index in stack */
+} Vardesc;
+
+
+/* description of pending goto statements and label statements */
+typedef struct Labeldesc {
+ TString *name; /* label identifier */
+ int pc; /* position in code */
+ int line; /* line where it appeared */
+ lu_byte nactvar; /* local level where it appears in current block */
+} Labeldesc;
+
+
+/* list of labels or gotos */
+typedef struct Labellist {
+ Labeldesc *arr; /* array */
+ int n; /* number of entries in use */
+ int size; /* array size */
+} Labellist;
+
+
+/* dynamic structures used by the parser */
+typedef struct Dyndata {
+ struct { /* list of active local variables */
+ Vardesc *arr;
+ int n;
+ int size;
+ } actvar;
+ Labellist gt; /* list of pending gotos */
+ Labellist label; /* list of active labels */
+} Dyndata;
+
+
+/* control of blocks */
+struct BlockCnt; /* defined in lparser.c */
+
+
+/* state needed to generate code for a given function */
+typedef struct FuncState {
+ Proto *f; /* current function header */
+ Table *h; /* table to find (and reuse) elements in `k' */
+ struct FuncState *prev; /* enclosing function */
+ struct LexState *ls; /* lexical state */
+ struct BlockCnt *bl; /* chain of current blocks */
+ int pc; /* next position to code (equivalent to `ncode') */
+ int lasttarget; /* 'label' of last 'jump label' */
+ int jpc; /* list of pending jumps to `pc' */
+ int nk; /* number of elements in `k' */
+ int np; /* number of elements in `p' */
+ int firstlocal; /* index of first local var (in Dyndata array) */
+ short nlocvars; /* number of elements in 'f->locvars' */
+ lu_byte nactvar; /* number of active local variables */
+ lu_byte nups; /* number of upvalues */
+ lu_byte freereg; /* first free register */
+} FuncState;
+
+
+LUAI_FUNC Proto *luaY_parser (lua_State *L, ZIO *z, Mbuffer *buff,
+ Dyndata *dyd, const char *name, int firstchar);
+
+
+#endif
--- /dev/null
+/*
+** $Id: lstate.c,v 2.92 2011/10/03 17:54:25 roberto Exp $
+** Global State
+** See Copyright Notice in lua.h
+*/
+
+
+#include <stddef.h>
+
+#define lstate_c
+#define LUA_CORE
+
+#include "lua.h"
+
+#include "lapi.h"
+#include "ldebug.h"
+#include "ldo.h"
+#include "lfunc.h"
+#include "lgc.h"
+#include "llex.h"
+#include "lmem.h"
+#include "lstate.h"
+#include "lstring.h"
+#include "ltable.h"
+#include "ltm.h"
+
+
+#if !defined(LUAI_GCPAUSE)
+#define LUAI_GCPAUSE 200 /* 200% */
+#endif
+
+#if !defined(LUAI_GCMAJOR)
+#define LUAI_GCMAJOR 200 /* 200% */
+#endif
+
+#if !defined(LUAI_GCMUL)
+#define LUAI_GCMUL 200 /* GC runs 'twice the speed' of memory allocation */
+#endif
+
+
+#define MEMERRMSG "not enough memory"
+
+
+/*
+** thread state + extra space
+*/
+typedef struct LX {
+#if defined(LUAI_EXTRASPACE)
+ char buff[LUAI_EXTRASPACE];
+#endif
+ lua_State l;
+} LX;
+
+
+/*
+** Main thread combines a thread state and the global state
+*/
+typedef struct LG {
+ LX l;
+ global_State g;
+} LG;
+
+
+
+#define fromstate(L) (cast(LX *, cast(lu_byte *, (L)) - offsetof(LX, l)))
+
+
+/*
+** set GCdebt to a new value keeping the value (totalbytes + GCdebt)
+** invariant
+*/
+void luaE_setdebt (global_State *g, l_mem debt) {
+ g->totalbytes -= (debt - g->GCdebt);
+ g->GCdebt = debt;
+}
+
+
+CallInfo *luaE_extendCI (lua_State *L) {
+ CallInfo *ci = luaM_new(L, CallInfo);
+ lua_assert(L->ci->next == NULL);
+ L->ci->next = ci;
+ ci->previous = L->ci;
+ ci->next = NULL;
+ return ci;
+}
+
+
+void luaE_freeCI (lua_State *L) {
+ CallInfo *ci = L->ci;
+ CallInfo *next = ci->next;
+ ci->next = NULL;
+ while ((ci = next) != NULL) {
+ next = ci->next;
+ luaM_free(L, ci);
+ }
+}
+
+
+static void stack_init (lua_State *L1, lua_State *L) {
+ int i; CallInfo *ci;
+ /* initialize stack array */
+ L1->stack = luaM_newvector(L, BASIC_STACK_SIZE, TValue);
+ L1->stacksize = BASIC_STACK_SIZE;
+ for (i = 0; i < BASIC_STACK_SIZE; i++)
+ setnilvalue(L1->stack + i); /* erase new stack */
+ L1->top = L1->stack;
+ L1->stack_last = L1->stack + L1->stacksize - EXTRA_STACK;
+ /* initialize first ci */
+ ci = &L1->base_ci;
+ ci->next = ci->previous = NULL;
+ ci->callstatus = 0;
+ ci->func = L1->top;
+ setnilvalue(L1->top++); /* 'function' entry for this 'ci' */
+ ci->top = L1->top + LUA_MINSTACK;
+ L1->ci = ci;
+}
+
+
+static void freestack (lua_State *L) {
+ if (L->stack == NULL)
+ return; /* stack not completely built yet */
+ L->ci = &L->base_ci; /* free the entire 'ci' list */
+ luaE_freeCI(L);
+ luaM_freearray(L, L->stack, L->stacksize); /* free stack array */
+}
+
+
+/*
+** Create registry table and its predefined values
+*/
+static void init_registry (lua_State *L, global_State *g) {
+ TValue mt;
+ /* create registry */
+ Table *registry = luaH_new(L);
+ sethvalue(L, &g->l_registry, registry);
+ luaH_resize(L, registry, LUA_RIDX_LAST, 0);
+ /* registry[LUA_RIDX_MAINTHREAD] = L */
+ setthvalue(L, &mt, L);
+ luaH_setint(L, registry, LUA_RIDX_MAINTHREAD, &mt);
+ /* registry[LUA_RIDX_GLOBALS] = table of globals */
+ sethvalue(L, &mt, luaH_new(L));
+ luaH_setint(L, registry, LUA_RIDX_GLOBALS, &mt);
+}
+
+
+/*
+** open parts of the state that may cause memory-allocation errors
+*/
+static void f_luaopen (lua_State *L, void *ud) {
+ global_State *g = G(L);
+ UNUSED(ud);
+ stack_init(L, L); /* init stack */
+ init_registry(L, g);
+ luaS_resize(L, MINSTRTABSIZE); /* initial size of string table */
+ luaT_init(L);
+ luaX_init(L);
+ /* pre-create memory-error message */
+ g->memerrmsg = luaS_newliteral(L, MEMERRMSG);
+ luaS_fix(g->memerrmsg); /* it should never be collected */
+ g->gcrunning = 1; /* allow gc */
+}
+
+
+/*
+** preinitialize a state with consistent values without allocating
+** any memory (to avoid errors)
+*/
+static void preinit_state (lua_State *L, global_State *g) {
+ G(L) = g;
+ L->stack = NULL;
+ L->ci = NULL;
+ L->stacksize = 0;
+ L->errorJmp = NULL;
+ L->nCcalls = 0;
+ L->hook = NULL;
+ L->hookmask = 0;
+ L->basehookcount = 0;
+ L->allowhook = 1;
+ resethookcount(L);
+ L->openupval = NULL;
+ L->nny = 1;
+ L->status = LUA_OK;
+ L->errfunc = 0;
+}
+
+
+static void close_state (lua_State *L) {
+ global_State *g = G(L);
+ luaF_close(L, L->stack); /* close all upvalues for this thread */
+ luaC_freeallobjects(L); /* collect all objects */
+ luaM_freearray(L, G(L)->strt.hash, G(L)->strt.size);
+ luaZ_freebuffer(L, &g->buff);
+ freestack(L);
+ lua_assert(gettotalbytes(g) == sizeof(LG));
+ (*g->frealloc)(g->ud, fromstate(L), sizeof(LG), 0); /* free main block */
+}
+
+
+LUA_API lua_State *lua_newthread (lua_State *L) {
+ lua_State *L1;
+ lua_lock(L);
+ luaC_checkGC(L);
+ L1 = &luaC_newobj(L, LUA_TTHREAD, sizeof(LX), NULL, offsetof(LX, l))->th;
+ setthvalue(L, L->top, L1);
+ api_incr_top(L);
+ preinit_state(L1, G(L));
+ L1->hookmask = L->hookmask;
+ L1->basehookcount = L->basehookcount;
+ L1->hook = L->hook;
+ resethookcount(L1);
+ luai_userstatethread(L, L1);
+ stack_init(L1, L); /* init stack */
+ lua_unlock(L);
+ return L1;
+}
+
+
+void luaE_freethread (lua_State *L, lua_State *L1) {
+ LX *l = fromstate(L1);
+ luaF_close(L1, L1->stack); /* close all upvalues for this thread */
+ lua_assert(L1->openupval == NULL);
+ luai_userstatefree(L, L1);
+ freestack(L1);
+ luaM_free(L, l);
+}
+
+
+LUA_API lua_State *lua_newstate (lua_Alloc f, void *ud) {
+ int i;
+ lua_State *L;
+ global_State *g;
+ LG *l = cast(LG *, (*f)(ud, NULL, LUA_TTHREAD, sizeof(LG)));
+ if (l == NULL) return NULL;
+ L = &l->l.l;
+ g = &l->g;
+ L->next = NULL;
+ L->tt = LUA_TTHREAD;
+ g->currentwhite = bit2mask(WHITE0BIT, FIXEDBIT);
+ L->marked = luaC_white(g);
+ g->gckind = KGC_NORMAL;
+ preinit_state(L, g);
+ g->frealloc = f;
+ g->ud = ud;
+ g->mainthread = L;
+ g->uvhead.u.l.prev = &g->uvhead;
+ g->uvhead.u.l.next = &g->uvhead;
+ g->gcrunning = 0; /* no GC while building state */
+ g->lastmajormem = 0;
+ g->strt.size = 0;
+ g->strt.nuse = 0;
+ g->strt.hash = NULL;
+ setnilvalue(&g->l_registry);
+ luaZ_initbuffer(L, &g->buff);
+ g->panic = NULL;
+ g->version = lua_version(NULL);
+ g->gcstate = GCSpause;
+ g->allgc = NULL;
+ g->finobj = NULL;
+ g->tobefnz = NULL;
+ g->gray = g->grayagain = NULL;
+ g->weak = g->ephemeron = g->allweak = NULL;
+ g->totalbytes = sizeof(LG);
+ g->GCdebt = 0;
+ g->gcpause = LUAI_GCPAUSE;
+ g->gcmajorinc = LUAI_GCMAJOR;
+ g->gcstepmul = LUAI_GCMUL;
+ for (i=0; i < LUA_NUMTAGS; i++) g->mt[i] = NULL;
+ if (luaD_rawrunprotected(L, f_luaopen, NULL) != LUA_OK) {
+ /* memory allocation error: free partial state */
+ close_state(L);
+ L = NULL;
+ }
+ else
+ luai_userstateopen(L);
+ return L;
+}
+
+
+LUA_API void lua_close (lua_State *L) {
+ L = G(L)->mainthread; /* only the main thread can be closed */
+ lua_lock(L);
+ luai_userstateclose(L);
+ close_state(L);
+}
+
+
--- /dev/null
+/*
+** $Id: lstate.h,v 2.74 2011/09/30 12:45:07 roberto Exp $
+** Global State
+** See Copyright Notice in lua.h
+*/
+
+#ifndef lstate_h
+#define lstate_h
+
+#include "lua.h"
+
+#include "lobject.h"
+#include "ltm.h"
+#include "lzio.h"
+
+
+/*
+
+** Some notes about garbage-collected objects: All objects in Lua must
+** be kept somehow accessible until being freed.
+**
+** Lua keeps most objects linked in list g->allgc. The link uses field
+** 'next' of the CommonHeader.
+**
+** Strings are kept in several lists headed by the array g->strt.hash.
+**
+** Open upvalues are not subject to independent garbage collection. They
+** are collected together with their respective threads. Lua keeps a
+** double-linked list with all open upvalues (g->uvhead) so that it can
+** mark objects referred by them. (They are always gray, so they must
+** be remarked in the atomic step. Usually their contents would be marked
+** when traversing the respective threads, but the thread may already be
+** dead, while the upvalue is still accessible through closures.)
+**
+** Objects with finalizers are kept in the list g->finobj.
+**
+** The list g->tobefnz links all objects being finalized.
+
+*/
+
+
+struct lua_longjmp; /* defined in ldo.c */
+
+
+
+/* extra stack space to handle TM calls and some other extras */
+#define EXTRA_STACK 5
+
+
+#define BASIC_STACK_SIZE (2*LUA_MINSTACK)
+
+
+/* kinds of Garbage Collection */
+#define KGC_NORMAL 0
+#define KGC_EMERGENCY 1 /* gc was forced by an allocation failure */
+#define KGC_GEN 2 /* generational collection */
+
+
+typedef struct stringtable {
+ GCObject **hash;
+ lu_int32 nuse; /* number of elements */
+ int size;
+} stringtable;
+
+
+/*
+** information about a call
+*/
+typedef struct CallInfo {
+ StkId func; /* function index in the stack */
+ StkId top; /* top for this function */
+ struct CallInfo *previous, *next; /* dynamic call link */
+ short nresults; /* expected number of results from this function */
+ lu_byte callstatus;
+ union {
+ struct { /* only for Lua functions */
+ StkId base; /* base for this function */
+ const Instruction *savedpc;
+ } l;
+ struct { /* only for C functions */
+ int ctx; /* context info. in case of yields */
+ lua_CFunction k; /* continuation in case of yields */
+ ptrdiff_t old_errfunc;
+ ptrdiff_t extra;
+ lu_byte old_allowhook;
+ lu_byte status;
+ } c;
+ } u;
+} CallInfo;
+
+
+/*
+** Bits in CallInfo status
+*/
+#define CIST_LUA (1<<0) /* call is running a Lua function */
+#define CIST_HOOKED (1<<1) /* call is running a debug hook */
+#define CIST_REENTRY (1<<2) /* call is running on same invocation of
+ luaV_execute of previous call */
+#define CIST_YIELDED (1<<3) /* call reentered after suspension */
+#define CIST_YPCALL (1<<4) /* call is a yieldable protected call */
+#define CIST_STAT (1<<5) /* call has an error status (pcall) */
+#define CIST_TAIL (1<<6) /* call was tail called */
+
+
+#define isLua(ci) ((ci)->callstatus & CIST_LUA)
+
+
+/*
+** `global state', shared by all threads of this state
+*/
+typedef struct global_State {
+ lua_Alloc frealloc; /* function to reallocate memory */
+ void *ud; /* auxiliary data to `frealloc' */
+ lu_mem totalbytes; /* number of bytes currently allocated - GCdebt */
+ l_mem GCdebt; /* bytes allocated not yet compensated by the collector */
+ lu_mem lastmajormem; /* memory in use after last major collection */
+ stringtable strt; /* hash table for strings */
+ TValue l_registry;
+ lu_byte currentwhite;
+ lu_byte gcstate; /* state of garbage collector */
+ lu_byte gckind; /* kind of GC running */
+ lu_byte gcrunning; /* true if GC is running */
+ int sweepstrgc; /* position of sweep in `strt' */
+ GCObject *allgc; /* list of all collectable objects */
+ GCObject *finobj; /* list of collectable objects with finalizers */
+ GCObject **sweepgc; /* current position of sweep */
+ GCObject *gray; /* list of gray objects */
+ GCObject *grayagain; /* list of objects to be traversed atomically */
+ GCObject *weak; /* list of tables with weak values */
+ GCObject *ephemeron; /* list of ephemeron tables (weak keys) */
+ GCObject *allweak; /* list of all-weak tables */
+ GCObject *tobefnz; /* list of userdata to be GC */
+ UpVal uvhead; /* head of double-linked list of all open upvalues */
+ Mbuffer buff; /* temporary buffer for string concatenation */
+ int gcpause; /* size of pause between successive GCs */
+ int gcmajorinc; /* how much to wait for a major GC (only in gen. mode) */
+ int gcstepmul; /* GC `granularity' */
+ lua_CFunction panic; /* to be called in unprotected errors */
+ struct lua_State *mainthread;
+ const lua_Number *version; /* pointer to version number */
+ TString *memerrmsg; /* memory-error message */
+ TString *tmname[TM_N]; /* array with tag-method names */
+ struct Table *mt[LUA_NUMTAGS]; /* metatables for basic types */
+} global_State;
+
+
+/*
+** `per thread' state
+*/
+struct lua_State {
+ CommonHeader;
+ lu_byte status;
+ StkId top; /* first free slot in the stack */
+ global_State *l_G;
+ CallInfo *ci; /* call info for current function */
+ const Instruction *oldpc; /* last pc traced */
+ StkId stack_last; /* last free slot in the stack */
+ StkId stack; /* stack base */
+ int stacksize;
+ unsigned short nny; /* number of non-yieldable calls in stack */
+ unsigned short nCcalls; /* number of nested C calls */
+ lu_byte hookmask;
+ lu_byte allowhook;
+ int basehookcount;
+ int hookcount;
+ lua_Hook hook;
+ GCObject *openupval; /* list of open upvalues in this stack */
+ GCObject *gclist;
+ struct lua_longjmp *errorJmp; /* current error recover point */
+ ptrdiff_t errfunc; /* current error handling function (stack index) */
+ CallInfo base_ci; /* CallInfo for first level (C calling Lua) */
+};
+
+
+#define G(L) (L->l_G)
+
+
+/*
+** Union of all collectable objects
+*/
+union GCObject {
+ GCheader gch; /* common header */
+ union TString ts;
+ union Udata u;
+ union Closure cl;
+ struct Table h;
+ struct Proto p;
+ struct UpVal uv;
+ struct lua_State th; /* thread */
+};
+
+
+#define gch(o) (&(o)->gch)
+
+/* macros to convert a GCObject into a specific value */
+#define rawgco2ts(o) check_exp((o)->gch.tt == LUA_TSTRING, &((o)->ts))
+#define gco2ts(o) (&rawgco2ts(o)->tsv)
+#define rawgco2u(o) check_exp((o)->gch.tt == LUA_TUSERDATA, &((o)->u))
+#define gco2u(o) (&rawgco2u(o)->uv)
+#define gco2cl(o) check_exp((o)->gch.tt == LUA_TFUNCTION, &((o)->cl))
+#define gco2t(o) check_exp((o)->gch.tt == LUA_TTABLE, &((o)->h))
+#define gco2p(o) check_exp((o)->gch.tt == LUA_TPROTO, &((o)->p))
+#define gco2uv(o) check_exp((o)->gch.tt == LUA_TUPVAL, &((o)->uv))
+#define gco2th(o) check_exp((o)->gch.tt == LUA_TTHREAD, &((o)->th))
+
+/* macro to convert any Lua object into a GCObject */
+#define obj2gco(v) (cast(GCObject *, (v)))
+
+
+/* actual number of total bytes allocated */
+#define gettotalbytes(g) ((g)->totalbytes + (g)->GCdebt)
+
+LUAI_FUNC void luaE_setdebt (global_State *g, l_mem debt);
+LUAI_FUNC void luaE_freethread (lua_State *L, lua_State *L1);
+LUAI_FUNC CallInfo *luaE_extendCI (lua_State *L);
+LUAI_FUNC void luaE_freeCI (lua_State *L);
+
+
+#endif
+
--- /dev/null
+/*
+** $Id: lstring.c,v 2.19 2011/05/03 16:01:57 roberto Exp $
+** String table (keeps all strings handled by Lua)
+** See Copyright Notice in lua.h
+*/
+
+
+#include <string.h>
+
+#define lstring_c
+#define LUA_CORE
+
+#include "lua.h"
+
+#include "lmem.h"
+#include "lobject.h"
+#include "lstate.h"
+#include "lstring.h"
+
+
+
+void luaS_resize (lua_State *L, int newsize) {
+ int i;
+ stringtable *tb = &G(L)->strt;
+ /* cannot resize while GC is traversing strings */
+ luaC_runtilstate(L, ~bitmask(GCSsweepstring));
+ if (newsize > tb->size) {
+ luaM_reallocvector(L, tb->hash, tb->size, newsize, GCObject *);
+ for (i = tb->size; i < newsize; i++) tb->hash[i] = NULL;
+ }
+ /* rehash */
+ for (i=0; i<tb->size; i++) {
+ GCObject *p = tb->hash[i];
+ tb->hash[i] = NULL;
+ while (p) { /* for each node in the list */
+ GCObject *next = gch(p)->next; /* save next */
+ unsigned int h = lmod(gco2ts(p)->hash, newsize); /* new position */
+ gch(p)->next = tb->hash[h]; /* chain it */
+ tb->hash[h] = p;
+ resetoldbit(p); /* see MOVE OLD rule */
+ p = next;
+ }
+ }
+ if (newsize < tb->size) {
+ /* shrinking slice must be empty */
+ lua_assert(tb->hash[newsize] == NULL && tb->hash[tb->size - 1] == NULL);
+ luaM_reallocvector(L, tb->hash, tb->size, newsize, GCObject *);
+ }
+ tb->size = newsize;
+}
+
+
+static TString *newlstr (lua_State *L, const char *str, size_t l,
+ unsigned int h) {
+ size_t totalsize; /* total size of TString object */
+ GCObject **list; /* (pointer to) list where it will be inserted */
+ TString *ts;
+ stringtable *tb = &G(L)->strt;
+ if (l+1 > (MAX_SIZET - sizeof(TString))/sizeof(char))
+ luaM_toobig(L);
+ if (tb->nuse >= cast(lu_int32, tb->size) && tb->size <= MAX_INT/2)
+ luaS_resize(L, tb->size*2); /* too crowded */
+ totalsize = sizeof(TString) + ((l + 1) * sizeof(char));
+ list = &tb->hash[lmod(h, tb->size)];
+ ts = &luaC_newobj(L, LUA_TSTRING, totalsize, list, 0)->ts;
+ ts->tsv.len = l;
+ ts->tsv.hash = h;
+ ts->tsv.reserved = 0;
+ memcpy(ts+1, str, l*sizeof(char));
+ ((char *)(ts+1))[l] = '\0'; /* ending 0 */
+ tb->nuse++;
+ return ts;
+}
+
+
+TString *luaS_newlstr (lua_State *L, const char *str, size_t l) {
+ GCObject *o;
+ unsigned int h = cast(unsigned int, l); /* seed */
+ size_t step = (l>>5)+1; /* if string is too long, don't hash all its chars */
+ size_t l1;
+ for (l1=l; l1>=step; l1-=step) /* compute hash */
+ h = h ^ ((h<<5)+(h>>2)+cast(unsigned char, str[l1-1]));
+ for (o = G(L)->strt.hash[lmod(h, G(L)->strt.size)];
+ o != NULL;
+ o = gch(o)->next) {
+ TString *ts = rawgco2ts(o);
+ if (h == ts->tsv.hash &&
+ ts->tsv.len == l &&
+ (memcmp(str, getstr(ts), l * sizeof(char)) == 0)) {
+ if (isdead(G(L), o)) /* string is dead (but was not collected yet)? */
+ changewhite(o); /* resurrect it */
+ return ts;
+ }
+ }
+ return newlstr(L, str, l, h); /* not found; create a new string */
+}
+
+
+TString *luaS_new (lua_State *L, const char *str) {
+ return luaS_newlstr(L, str, strlen(str));
+}
+
+
+Udata *luaS_newudata (lua_State *L, size_t s, Table *e) {
+ Udata *u;
+ if (s > MAX_SIZET - sizeof(Udata))
+ luaM_toobig(L);
+ u = &luaC_newobj(L, LUA_TUSERDATA, sizeof(Udata) + s, NULL, 0)->u;
+ u->uv.len = s;
+ u->uv.metatable = NULL;
+ u->uv.env = e;
+ return u;
+}
+
--- /dev/null
+/*
+** $Id: lstring.h,v 1.46 2010/04/05 16:26:37 roberto Exp $
+** String table (keep all strings handled by Lua)
+** See Copyright Notice in lua.h
+*/
+
+#ifndef lstring_h
+#define lstring_h
+
+#include "lgc.h"
+#include "lobject.h"
+#include "lstate.h"
+
+
+#define sizestring(s) (sizeof(union TString)+((s)->len+1)*sizeof(char))
+
+#define sizeudata(u) (sizeof(union Udata)+(u)->len)
+
+#define luaS_newliteral(L, s) (luaS_newlstr(L, "" s, \
+ (sizeof(s)/sizeof(char))-1))
+
+#define luaS_fix(s) l_setbit((s)->tsv.marked, FIXEDBIT)
+
+
+/*
+** as all string are internalized, string equality becomes
+** pointer equality
+*/
+#define eqstr(a,b) ((a) == (b))
+
+LUAI_FUNC void luaS_resize (lua_State *L, int newsize);
+LUAI_FUNC Udata *luaS_newudata (lua_State *L, size_t s, Table *e);
+LUAI_FUNC TString *luaS_newlstr (lua_State *L, const char *str, size_t l);
+LUAI_FUNC TString *luaS_new (lua_State *L, const char *str);
+
+
+#endif
--- /dev/null
+/*
+** $Id: lstrlib.c,v 1.173 2011/11/30 18:24:56 roberto Exp $
+** Standard library for string operations and pattern-matching
+** See Copyright Notice in lua.h
+*/
+
+
+#include <ctype.h>
+#include <stddef.h>
+#include <stdio.h>
+#include <stdlib.h>
+#include <string.h>
+
+#define lstrlib_c
+#define LUA_LIB
+
+#include "lua.h"
+
+#include "lauxlib.h"
+#include "lualib.h"
+
+
+/*
+** maximum number of captures that a pattern can do during
+** pattern-matching. This limit is arbitrary.
+*/
+#if !defined(LUA_MAXCAPTURES)
+#define LUA_MAXCAPTURES 32
+#endif
+
+
+/* macro to `unsign' a character */
+#define uchar(c) ((unsigned char)(c))
+
+
+
+static int str_len (lua_State *L) {
+ size_t l;
+ luaL_checklstring(L, 1, &l);
+ lua_pushinteger(L, (lua_Integer)l);
+ return 1;
+}
+
+
+/* translate a relative string position: negative means back from end */
+static size_t posrelat (ptrdiff_t pos, size_t len) {
+ if (pos >= 0) return (size_t)pos;
+ else if (0u - (size_t)pos > len) return 0;
+ else return len - ((size_t)-pos) + 1;
+}
+
+
+static int str_sub (lua_State *L) {
+ size_t l;
+ const char *s = luaL_checklstring(L, 1, &l);
+ size_t start = posrelat(luaL_checkinteger(L, 2), l);
+ size_t end = posrelat(luaL_optinteger(L, 3, -1), l);
+ if (start < 1) start = 1;
+ if (end > l) end = l;
+ if (start <= end)
+ lua_pushlstring(L, s + start - 1, end - start + 1);
+ else lua_pushliteral(L, "");
+ return 1;
+}
+
+
+static int str_reverse (lua_State *L) {
+ size_t l, i;
+ luaL_Buffer b;
+ const char *s = luaL_checklstring(L, 1, &l);
+ char *p = luaL_buffinitsize(L, &b, l);
+ for (i = 0; i < l; i++)
+ p[i] = s[l - i - 1];
+ luaL_pushresultsize(&b, l);
+ return 1;
+}
+
+
+static int str_lower (lua_State *L) {
+ size_t l;
+ size_t i;
+ luaL_Buffer b;
+ const char *s = luaL_checklstring(L, 1, &l);
+ char *p = luaL_buffinitsize(L, &b, l);
+ for (i=0; i<l; i++)
+ p[i] = tolower(uchar(s[i]));
+ luaL_pushresultsize(&b, l);
+ return 1;
+}
+
+
+static int str_upper (lua_State *L) {
+ size_t l;
+ size_t i;
+ luaL_Buffer b;
+ const char *s = luaL_checklstring(L, 1, &l);
+ char *p = luaL_buffinitsize(L, &b, l);
+ for (i=0; i<l; i++)
+ p[i] = toupper(uchar(s[i]));
+ luaL_pushresultsize(&b, l);
+ return 1;
+}
+
+
+/* reasonable limit to avoid arithmetic overflow */
+#define MAXSIZE ((~(size_t)0) >> 1)
+
+static int str_rep (lua_State *L) {
+ size_t l, lsep;
+ const char *s = luaL_checklstring(L, 1, &l);
+ int n = luaL_checkint(L, 2);
+ const char *sep = luaL_optlstring(L, 3, "", &lsep);
+ if (n <= 0) lua_pushliteral(L, "");
+ else if (l + lsep < l || l + lsep >= MAXSIZE / n) /* may overflow? */
+ return luaL_error(L, "resulting string too large");
+ else {
+ size_t totallen = n * l + (n - 1) * lsep;
+ luaL_Buffer b;
+ char *p = luaL_buffinitsize(L, &b, totallen);
+ while (n-- > 1) { /* first n-1 copies (followed by separator) */
+ memcpy(p, s, l * sizeof(char)); p += l;
+ memcpy(p, sep, lsep * sizeof(char)); p += lsep;
+ }
+ memcpy(p, s, l * sizeof(char)); /* last copy (not followed by separator) */
+ luaL_pushresultsize(&b, totallen);
+ }
+ return 1;
+}
+
+
+static int str_byte (lua_State *L) {
+ size_t l;
+ const char *s = luaL_checklstring(L, 1, &l);
+ size_t posi = posrelat(luaL_optinteger(L, 2, 1), l);
+ size_t pose = posrelat(luaL_optinteger(L, 3, posi), l);
+ int n, i;
+ if (posi < 1) posi = 1;
+ if (pose > l) pose = l;
+ if (posi > pose) return 0; /* empty interval; return no values */
+ n = (int)(pose - posi + 1);
+ if (posi + n <= pose) /* (size_t -> int) overflow? */
+ return luaL_error(L, "string slice too long");
+ luaL_checkstack(L, n, "string slice too long");
+ for (i=0; i<n; i++)
+ lua_pushinteger(L, uchar(s[posi+i-1]));
+ return n;
+}
+
+
+static int str_char (lua_State *L) {
+ int n = lua_gettop(L); /* number of arguments */
+ int i;
+ luaL_Buffer b;
+ char *p = luaL_buffinitsize(L, &b, n);
+ for (i=1; i<=n; i++) {
+ int c = luaL_checkint(L, i);
+ luaL_argcheck(L, uchar(c) == c, i, "value out of range");
+ p[i - 1] = uchar(c);
+ }
+ luaL_pushresultsize(&b, n);
+ return 1;
+}
+
+
+static int writer (lua_State *L, const void* b, size_t size, void* B) {
+ (void)L;
+ luaL_addlstring((luaL_Buffer*) B, (const char *)b, size);
+ return 0;
+}
+
+
+static int str_dump (lua_State *L) {
+ luaL_Buffer b;
+ luaL_checktype(L, 1, LUA_TFUNCTION);
+ lua_settop(L, 1);
+ luaL_buffinit(L,&b);
+ if (lua_dump(L, writer, &b) != 0)
+ return luaL_error(L, "unable to dump given function");
+ luaL_pushresult(&b);
+ return 1;
+}
+
+
+
+/*
+** {======================================================
+** PATTERN MATCHING
+** =======================================================
+*/
+
+
+#define CAP_UNFINISHED (-1)
+#define CAP_POSITION (-2)
+
+typedef struct MatchState {
+ const char *src_init; /* init of source string */
+ const char *src_end; /* end ('\0') of source string */
+ const char *p_end; /* end ('\0') of pattern */
+ lua_State *L;
+ int level; /* total number of captures (finished or unfinished) */
+ struct {
+ const char *init;
+ ptrdiff_t len;
+ } capture[LUA_MAXCAPTURES];
+} MatchState;
+
+
+#define L_ESC '%'
+#define SPECIALS "^$*+?.([%-"
+
+
+static int check_capture (MatchState *ms, int l) {
+ l -= '1';
+ if (l < 0 || l >= ms->level || ms->capture[l].len == CAP_UNFINISHED)
+ return luaL_error(ms->L, "invalid capture index %%%d", l + 1);
+ return l;
+}
+
+
+static int capture_to_close (MatchState *ms) {
+ int level = ms->level;
+ for (level--; level>=0; level--)
+ if (ms->capture[level].len == CAP_UNFINISHED) return level;
+ return luaL_error(ms->L, "invalid pattern capture");
+}
+
+
+static const char *classend (MatchState *ms, const char *p) {
+ switch (*p++) {
+ case L_ESC: {
+ if (p == ms->p_end)
+ luaL_error(ms->L, "malformed pattern (ends with " LUA_QL("%%") ")");
+ return p+1;
+ }
+ case '[': {
+ if (*p == '^') p++;
+ do { /* look for a `]' */
+ if (p == ms->p_end)
+ luaL_error(ms->L, "malformed pattern (missing " LUA_QL("]") ")");
+ if (*(p++) == L_ESC && p < ms->p_end)
+ p++; /* skip escapes (e.g. `%]') */
+ } while (*p != ']');
+ return p+1;
+ }
+ default: {
+ return p;
+ }
+ }
+}
+
+
+static int match_class (int c, int cl) {
+ int res;
+ switch (tolower(cl)) {
+ case 'a' : res = isalpha(c); break;
+ case 'c' : res = iscntrl(c); break;
+ case 'd' : res = isdigit(c); break;
+ case 'g' : res = isgraph(c); break;
+ case 'l' : res = islower(c); break;
+ case 'p' : res = ispunct(c); break;
+ case 's' : res = isspace(c); break;
+ case 'u' : res = isupper(c); break;
+ case 'w' : res = isalnum(c); break;
+ case 'x' : res = isxdigit(c); break;
+ case 'z' : res = (c == 0); break; /* deprecated option */
+ default: return (cl == c);
+ }
+ return (islower(cl) ? res : !res);
+}
+
+
+static int matchbracketclass (int c, const char *p, const char *ec) {
+ int sig = 1;
+ if (*(p+1) == '^') {
+ sig = 0;
+ p++; /* skip the `^' */
+ }
+ while (++p < ec) {
+ if (*p == L_ESC) {
+ p++;
+ if (match_class(c, uchar(*p)))
+ return sig;
+ }
+ else if ((*(p+1) == '-') && (p+2 < ec)) {
+ p+=2;
+ if (uchar(*(p-2)) <= c && c <= uchar(*p))
+ return sig;
+ }
+ else if (uchar(*p) == c) return sig;
+ }
+ return !sig;
+}
+
+
+static int singlematch (int c, const char *p, const char *ep) {
+ switch (*p) {
+ case '.': return 1; /* matches any char */
+ case L_ESC: return match_class(c, uchar(*(p+1)));
+ case '[': return matchbracketclass(c, p, ep-1);
+ default: return (uchar(*p) == c);
+ }
+}
+
+
+static const char *match (MatchState *ms, const char *s, const char *p);
+
+
+static const char *matchbalance (MatchState *ms, const char *s,
+ const char *p) {
+ if (p >= ms->p_end - 1)
+ luaL_error(ms->L, "malformed pattern "
+ "(missing arguments to " LUA_QL("%%b") ")");
+ if (*s != *p) return NULL;
+ else {
+ int b = *p;
+ int e = *(p+1);
+ int cont = 1;
+ while (++s < ms->src_end) {
+ if (*s == e) {
+ if (--cont == 0) return s+1;
+ }
+ else if (*s == b) cont++;
+ }
+ }
+ return NULL; /* string ends out of balance */
+}
+
+
+static const char *max_expand (MatchState *ms, const char *s,
+ const char *p, const char *ep) {
+ ptrdiff_t i = 0; /* counts maximum expand for item */
+ while ((s+i)<ms->src_end && singlematch(uchar(*(s+i)), p, ep))
+ i++;
+ /* keeps trying to match with the maximum repetitions */
+ while (i>=0) {
+ const char *res = match(ms, (s+i), ep+1);
+ if (res) return res;
+ i--; /* else didn't match; reduce 1 repetition to try again */
+ }
+ return NULL;
+}
+
+
+static const char *min_expand (MatchState *ms, const char *s,
+ const char *p, const char *ep) {
+ for (;;) {
+ const char *res = match(ms, s, ep+1);
+ if (res != NULL)
+ return res;
+ else if (s<ms->src_end && singlematch(uchar(*s), p, ep))
+ s++; /* try with one more repetition */
+ else return NULL;
+ }
+}
+
+
+static const char *start_capture (MatchState *ms, const char *s,
+ const char *p, int what) {
+ const char *res;
+ int level = ms->level;
+ if (level >= LUA_MAXCAPTURES) luaL_error(ms->L, "too many captures");
+ ms->capture[level].init = s;
+ ms->capture[level].len = what;
+ ms->level = level+1;
+ if ((res=match(ms, s, p)) == NULL) /* match failed? */
+ ms->level--; /* undo capture */
+ return res;
+}
+
+
+static const char *end_capture (MatchState *ms, const char *s,
+ const char *p) {
+ int l = capture_to_close(ms);
+ const char *res;
+ ms->capture[l].len = s - ms->capture[l].init; /* close capture */
+ if ((res = match(ms, s, p)) == NULL) /* match failed? */
+ ms->capture[l].len = CAP_UNFINISHED; /* undo capture */
+ return res;
+}
+
+
+static const char *match_capture (MatchState *ms, const char *s, int l) {
+ size_t len;
+ l = check_capture(ms, l);
+ len = ms->capture[l].len;
+ if ((size_t)(ms->src_end-s) >= len &&
+ memcmp(ms->capture[l].init, s, len) == 0)
+ return s+len;
+ else return NULL;
+}
+
+
+static const char *match (MatchState *ms, const char *s, const char *p) {
+ init: /* using goto's to optimize tail recursion */
+ if (p == ms->p_end) /* end of pattern? */
+ return s; /* match succeeded */
+ switch (*p) {
+ case '(': { /* start capture */
+ if (*(p+1) == ')') /* position capture? */
+ return start_capture(ms, s, p+2, CAP_POSITION);
+ else
+ return start_capture(ms, s, p+1, CAP_UNFINISHED);
+ }
+ case ')': { /* end capture */
+ return end_capture(ms, s, p+1);
+ }
+ case '$': {
+ if ((p+1) == ms->p_end) /* is the `$' the last char in pattern? */
+ return (s == ms->src_end) ? s : NULL; /* check end of string */
+ else goto dflt;
+ }
+ case L_ESC: { /* escaped sequences not in the format class[*+?-]? */
+ switch (*(p+1)) {
+ case 'b': { /* balanced string? */
+ s = matchbalance(ms, s, p+2);
+ if (s == NULL) return NULL;
+ p+=4; goto init; /* else return match(ms, s, p+4); */
+ }
+ case 'f': { /* frontier? */
+ const char *ep; char previous;
+ p += 2;
+ if (*p != '[')
+ luaL_error(ms->L, "missing " LUA_QL("[") " after "
+ LUA_QL("%%f") " in pattern");
+ ep = classend(ms, p); /* points to what is next */
+ previous = (s == ms->src_init) ? '\0' : *(s-1);
+ if (matchbracketclass(uchar(previous), p, ep-1) ||
+ !matchbracketclass(uchar(*s), p, ep-1)) return NULL;
+ p=ep; goto init; /* else return match(ms, s, ep); */
+ }
+ case '0': case '1': case '2': case '3':
+ case '4': case '5': case '6': case '7':
+ case '8': case '9': { /* capture results (%0-%9)? */
+ s = match_capture(ms, s, uchar(*(p+1)));
+ if (s == NULL) return NULL;
+ p+=2; goto init; /* else return match(ms, s, p+2) */
+ }
+ default: goto dflt;
+ }
+ }
+ default: dflt: { /* pattern class plus optional suffix */
+ const char *ep = classend(ms, p); /* points to what is next */
+ int m = s < ms->src_end && singlematch(uchar(*s), p, ep);
+ switch (*ep) {
+ case '?': { /* optional */
+ const char *res;
+ if (m && ((res=match(ms, s+1, ep+1)) != NULL))
+ return res;
+ p=ep+1; goto init; /* else return match(ms, s, ep+1); */
+ }
+ case '*': { /* 0 or more repetitions */
+ return max_expand(ms, s, p, ep);
+ }
+ case '+': { /* 1 or more repetitions */
+ return (m ? max_expand(ms, s+1, p, ep) : NULL);
+ }
+ case '-': { /* 0 or more repetitions (minimum) */
+ return min_expand(ms, s, p, ep);
+ }
+ default: {
+ if (!m) return NULL;
+ s++; p=ep; goto init; /* else return match(ms, s+1, ep); */
+ }
+ }
+ }
+ }
+}
+
+
+
+static const char *lmemfind (const char *s1, size_t l1,
+ const char *s2, size_t l2) {
+ if (l2 == 0) return s1; /* empty strings are everywhere */
+ else if (l2 > l1) return NULL; /* avoids a negative `l1' */
+ else {
+ const char *init; /* to search for a `*s2' inside `s1' */
+ l2--; /* 1st char will be checked by `memchr' */
+ l1 = l1-l2; /* `s2' cannot be found after that */
+ while (l1 > 0 && (init = (const char *)memchr(s1, *s2, l1)) != NULL) {
+ init++; /* 1st char is already checked */
+ if (memcmp(init, s2+1, l2) == 0)
+ return init-1;
+ else { /* correct `l1' and `s1' to try again */
+ l1 -= init-s1;
+ s1 = init;
+ }
+ }
+ return NULL; /* not found */
+ }
+}
+
+
+static void push_onecapture (MatchState *ms, int i, const char *s,
+ const char *e) {
+ if (i >= ms->level) {
+ if (i == 0) /* ms->level == 0, too */
+ lua_pushlstring(ms->L, s, e - s); /* add whole match */
+ else
+ luaL_error(ms->L, "invalid capture index");
+ }
+ else {
+ ptrdiff_t l = ms->capture[i].len;
+ if (l == CAP_UNFINISHED) luaL_error(ms->L, "unfinished capture");
+ if (l == CAP_POSITION)
+ lua_pushinteger(ms->L, ms->capture[i].init - ms->src_init + 1);
+ else
+ lua_pushlstring(ms->L, ms->capture[i].init, l);
+ }
+}
+
+
+static int push_captures (MatchState *ms, const char *s, const char *e) {
+ int i;
+ int nlevels = (ms->level == 0 && s) ? 1 : ms->level;
+ luaL_checkstack(ms->L, nlevels, "too many captures");
+ for (i = 0; i < nlevels; i++)
+ push_onecapture(ms, i, s, e);
+ return nlevels; /* number of strings pushed */
+}
+
+
+/* check whether pattern has no special characters */
+static int nospecials (const char *p, size_t l) {
+ size_t upto = 0;
+ do {
+ if (strpbrk(p + upto, SPECIALS))
+ return 0; /* pattern has a special character */
+ upto += strlen(p + upto) + 1; /* may have more after \0 */
+ } while (upto <= l);
+ return 1; /* no special chars found */
+}
+
+
+static int str_find_aux (lua_State *L, int find) {
+ size_t ls, lp;
+ const char *s = luaL_checklstring(L, 1, &ls);
+ const char *p = luaL_checklstring(L, 2, &lp);
+ size_t init = posrelat(luaL_optinteger(L, 3, 1), ls);
+ if (init < 1) init = 1;
+ else if (init > ls + 1) { /* start after string's end? */
+ lua_pushnil(L); /* cannot find anything */
+ return 1;
+ }
+ /* explicit request or no special characters? */
+ if (find && (lua_toboolean(L, 4) || nospecials(p, lp))) {
+ /* do a plain search */
+ const char *s2 = lmemfind(s + init - 1, ls - init + 1, p, lp);
+ if (s2) {
+ lua_pushinteger(L, s2 - s + 1);
+ lua_pushinteger(L, s2 - s + lp);
+ return 2;
+ }
+ }
+ else {
+ MatchState ms;
+ const char *s1 = s + init - 1;
+ int anchor = (*p == '^');
+ if (anchor) {
+ p++; lp--; /* skip anchor character */
+ }
+ ms.L = L;
+ ms.src_init = s;
+ ms.src_end = s + ls;
+ ms.p_end = p + lp;
+ do {
+ const char *res;
+ ms.level = 0;
+ if ((res=match(&ms, s1, p)) != NULL) {
+ if (find) {
+ lua_pushinteger(L, s1 - s + 1); /* start */
+ lua_pushinteger(L, res - s); /* end */
+ return push_captures(&ms, NULL, 0) + 2;
+ }
+ else
+ return push_captures(&ms, s1, res);
+ }
+ } while (s1++ < ms.src_end && !anchor);
+ }
+ lua_pushnil(L); /* not found */
+ return 1;
+}
+
+
+static int str_find (lua_State *L) {
+ return str_find_aux(L, 1);
+}
+
+
+static int str_match (lua_State *L) {
+ return str_find_aux(L, 0);
+}
+
+
+static int gmatch_aux (lua_State *L) {
+ MatchState ms;
+ size_t ls, lp;
+ const char *s = lua_tolstring(L, lua_upvalueindex(1), &ls);
+ const char *p = lua_tolstring(L, lua_upvalueindex(2), &lp);
+ const char *src;
+ ms.L = L;
+ ms.src_init = s;
+ ms.src_end = s+ls;
+ ms.p_end = p + lp;
+ for (src = s + (size_t)lua_tointeger(L, lua_upvalueindex(3));
+ src <= ms.src_end;
+ src++) {
+ const char *e;
+ ms.level = 0;
+ if ((e = match(&ms, src, p)) != NULL) {
+ lua_Integer newstart = e-s;
+ if (e == src) newstart++; /* empty match? go at least one position */
+ lua_pushinteger(L, newstart);
+ lua_replace(L, lua_upvalueindex(3));
+ return push_captures(&ms, src, e);
+ }
+ }
+ return 0; /* not found */
+}
+
+
+static int gmatch (lua_State *L) {
+ luaL_checkstring(L, 1);
+ luaL_checkstring(L, 2);
+ lua_settop(L, 2);
+ lua_pushinteger(L, 0);
+ lua_pushcclosure(L, gmatch_aux, 3);
+ return 1;
+}
+
+
+static void add_s (MatchState *ms, luaL_Buffer *b, const char *s,
+ const char *e) {
+ size_t l, i;
+ const char *news = lua_tolstring(ms->L, 3, &l);
+ for (i = 0; i < l; i++) {
+ if (news[i] != L_ESC)
+ luaL_addchar(b, news[i]);
+ else {
+ i++; /* skip ESC */
+ if (!isdigit(uchar(news[i]))) {
+ if (news[i] != L_ESC)
+ luaL_error(ms->L, "invalid use of " LUA_QL("%c")
+ " in replacement string", L_ESC);
+ luaL_addchar(b, news[i]);
+ }
+ else if (news[i] == '0')
+ luaL_addlstring(b, s, e - s);
+ else {
+ push_onecapture(ms, news[i] - '1', s, e);
+ luaL_addvalue(b); /* add capture to accumulated result */
+ }
+ }
+ }
+}
+
+
+static void add_value (MatchState *ms, luaL_Buffer *b, const char *s,
+ const char *e, int tr) {
+ lua_State *L = ms->L;
+ switch (tr) {
+ case LUA_TFUNCTION: {
+ int n;
+ lua_pushvalue(L, 3);
+ n = push_captures(ms, s, e);
+ lua_call(L, n, 1);
+ break;
+ }
+ case LUA_TTABLE: {
+ push_onecapture(ms, 0, s, e);
+ lua_gettable(L, 3);
+ break;
+ }
+ default: { /* LUA_TNUMBER or LUA_TSTRING */
+ add_s(ms, b, s, e);
+ return;
+ }
+ }
+ if (!lua_toboolean(L, -1)) { /* nil or false? */
+ lua_pop(L, 1);
+ lua_pushlstring(L, s, e - s); /* keep original text */
+ }
+ else if (!lua_isstring(L, -1))
+ luaL_error(L, "invalid replacement value (a %s)", luaL_typename(L, -1));
+ luaL_addvalue(b); /* add result to accumulator */
+}
+
+
+static int str_gsub (lua_State *L) {
+ size_t srcl, lp;
+ const char *src = luaL_checklstring(L, 1, &srcl);
+ const char *p = luaL_checklstring(L, 2, &lp);
+ int tr = lua_type(L, 3);
+ size_t max_s = luaL_optinteger(L, 4, srcl+1);
+ int anchor = (*p == '^');
+ size_t n = 0;
+ MatchState ms;
+ luaL_Buffer b;
+ luaL_argcheck(L, tr == LUA_TNUMBER || tr == LUA_TSTRING ||
+ tr == LUA_TFUNCTION || tr == LUA_TTABLE, 3,
+ "string/function/table expected");
+ luaL_buffinit(L, &b);
+ if (anchor) {
+ p++; lp--; /* skip anchor character */
+ }
+ ms.L = L;
+ ms.src_init = src;
+ ms.src_end = src+srcl;
+ ms.p_end = p + lp;
+ while (n < max_s) {
+ const char *e;
+ ms.level = 0;
+ e = match(&ms, src, p);
+ if (e) {
+ n++;
+ add_value(&ms, &b, src, e, tr);
+ }
+ if (e && e>src) /* non empty match? */
+ src = e; /* skip it */
+ else if (src < ms.src_end)
+ luaL_addchar(&b, *src++);
+ else break;
+ if (anchor) break;
+ }
+ luaL_addlstring(&b, src, ms.src_end-src);
+ luaL_pushresult(&b);
+ lua_pushinteger(L, n); /* number of substitutions */
+ return 2;
+}
+
+/* }====================================================== */
+
+
+
+/*
+** {======================================================
+** STRING FORMAT
+** =======================================================
+*/
+
+/*
+** LUA_INTFRMLEN is the length modifier for integer conversions in
+** 'string.format'; LUA_INTFRM_T is the integer type corresponding to
+** the previous length
+*/
+#if !defined(LUA_INTFRMLEN) /* { */
+#if defined(LUA_USE_LONGLONG)
+
+#define LUA_INTFRMLEN "ll"
+#define LUA_INTFRM_T long long
+
+#else
+
+#define LUA_INTFRMLEN "l"
+#define LUA_INTFRM_T long
+
+#endif
+#endif /* } */
+
+#define MAX_UINTFRM ((lua_Number)(~(unsigned LUA_INTFRM_T)0))
+#define MAX_INTFRM ((lua_Number)((~(unsigned LUA_INTFRM_T)0)/2))
+#define MIN_INTFRM (-(lua_Number)((~(unsigned LUA_INTFRM_T)0)/2) - 1)
+
+/*
+** LUA_FLTFRMLEN is the length modifier for float conversions in
+** 'string.format'; LUA_FLTFRM_T is the float type corresponding to
+** the previous length
+*/
+#if !defined(LUA_FLTFRMLEN)
+
+#define LUA_FLTFRMLEN ""
+#define LUA_FLTFRM_T double
+
+#endif
+
+
+/* maximum size of each formatted item (> len(format('%99.99f', -1e308))) */
+#define MAX_ITEM 512
+/* valid flags in a format specification */
+#define FLAGS "-+ #0"
+/*
+** maximum size of each format specification (such as '%-099.99d')
+** (+10 accounts for %99.99x plus margin of error)
+*/
+#define MAX_FORMAT (sizeof(FLAGS) + sizeof(LUA_INTFRMLEN) + 10)
+
+
+static void addquoted (lua_State *L, luaL_Buffer *b, int arg) {
+ size_t l;
+ const char *s = luaL_checklstring(L, arg, &l);
+ luaL_addchar(b, '"');
+ while (l--) {
+ if (*s == '"' || *s == '\\' || *s == '\n') {
+ luaL_addchar(b, '\\');
+ luaL_addchar(b, *s);
+ }
+ else if (*s == '\0' || iscntrl(uchar(*s))) {
+ char buff[10];
+ if (!isdigit(uchar(*(s+1))))
+ sprintf(buff, "\\%d", (int)uchar(*s));
+ else
+ sprintf(buff, "\\%03d", (int)uchar(*s));
+ luaL_addstring(b, buff);
+ }
+ else
+ luaL_addchar(b, *s);
+ s++;
+ }
+ luaL_addchar(b, '"');
+}
+
+static const char *scanformat (lua_State *L, const char *strfrmt, char *form) {
+ const char *p = strfrmt;
+ while (*p != '\0' && strchr(FLAGS, *p) != NULL) p++; /* skip flags */
+ if ((size_t)(p - strfrmt) >= sizeof(FLAGS)/sizeof(char))
+ luaL_error(L, "invalid format (repeated flags)");
+ if (isdigit(uchar(*p))) p++; /* skip width */
+ if (isdigit(uchar(*p))) p++; /* (2 digits at most) */
+ if (*p == '.') {
+ p++;
+ if (isdigit(uchar(*p))) p++; /* skip precision */
+ if (isdigit(uchar(*p))) p++; /* (2 digits at most) */
+ }
+ if (isdigit(uchar(*p)))
+ luaL_error(L, "invalid format (width or precision too long)");
+ *(form++) = '%';
+ memcpy(form, strfrmt, (p - strfrmt + 1) * sizeof(char));
+ form += p - strfrmt + 1;
+ *form = '\0';
+ return p;
+}
+
+
+/*
+** add length modifier into formats
+*/
+static void addlenmod (char *form, const char *lenmod) {
+ size_t l = strlen(form);
+ size_t lm = strlen(lenmod);
+ char spec = form[l - 1];
+ strcpy(form + l - 1, lenmod);
+ form[l + lm - 1] = spec;
+ form[l + lm] = '\0';
+}
+
+
+static int str_format (lua_State *L) {
+ int top = lua_gettop(L);
+ int arg = 1;
+ size_t sfl;
+ const char *strfrmt = luaL_checklstring(L, arg, &sfl);
+ const char *strfrmt_end = strfrmt+sfl;
+ luaL_Buffer b;
+ luaL_buffinit(L, &b);
+ while (strfrmt < strfrmt_end) {
+ if (*strfrmt != L_ESC)
+ luaL_addchar(&b, *strfrmt++);
+ else if (*++strfrmt == L_ESC)
+ luaL_addchar(&b, *strfrmt++); /* %% */
+ else { /* format item */
+ char form[MAX_FORMAT]; /* to store the format (`%...') */
+ char *buff = luaL_prepbuffsize(&b, MAX_ITEM); /* to put formatted item */
+ int nb = 0; /* number of bytes in added item */
+ if (++arg > top)
+ luaL_argerror(L, arg, "no value");
+ strfrmt = scanformat(L, strfrmt, form);
+ switch (*strfrmt++) {
+ case 'c': {
+ nb = sprintf(buff, form, luaL_checkint(L, arg));
+ break;
+ }
+ case 'd': case 'i': {
+ lua_Number n = luaL_checknumber(L, arg);
+ luaL_argcheck(L, (MIN_INTFRM - 1) < n && n < (MAX_INTFRM + 1), arg,
+ "not a number in proper range");
+ addlenmod(form, LUA_INTFRMLEN);
+ nb = sprintf(buff, form, (LUA_INTFRM_T)n);
+ break;
+ }
+ case 'o': case 'u': case 'x': case 'X': {
+ lua_Number n = luaL_checknumber(L, arg);
+ luaL_argcheck(L, 0 <= n && n < (MAX_UINTFRM + 1), arg,
+ "not a non-negative number in proper range");
+ addlenmod(form, LUA_INTFRMLEN);
+ nb = sprintf(buff, form, (unsigned LUA_INTFRM_T)n);
+ break;
+ }
+ case 'e': case 'E': case 'f':
+#if defined(LUA_USE_AFORMAT)
+ case 'a': case 'A':
+#endif
+ case 'g': case 'G': {
+ addlenmod(form, LUA_FLTFRMLEN);
+ nb = sprintf(buff, form, (LUA_FLTFRM_T)luaL_checknumber(L, arg));
+ break;
+ }
+ case 'q': {
+ addquoted(L, &b, arg);
+ break;
+ }
+ case 's': {
+ size_t l;
+ const char *s = luaL_tolstring(L, arg, &l);
+ if (!strchr(form, '.') && l >= 100) {
+ /* no precision and string is too long to be formatted;
+ keep original string */
+ luaL_addvalue(&b);
+ break;
+ }
+ else {
+ nb = sprintf(buff, form, s);
+ lua_pop(L, 1); /* remove result from 'luaL_tolstring' */
+ break;
+ }
+ }
+ default: { /* also treat cases `pnLlh' */
+ return luaL_error(L, "invalid option " LUA_QL("%%%c") " to "
+ LUA_QL("format"), *(strfrmt - 1));
+ }
+ }
+ luaL_addsize(&b, nb);
+ }
+ }
+ luaL_pushresult(&b);
+ return 1;
+}
+
+/* }====================================================== */
+
+
+static const luaL_Reg strlib[] = {
+ {"byte", str_byte},
+ {"char", str_char},
+ {"dump", str_dump},
+ {"find", str_find},
+ {"format", str_format},
+ {"gmatch", gmatch},
+ {"gsub", str_gsub},
+ {"len", str_len},
+ {"lower", str_lower},
+ {"match", str_match},
+ {"rep", str_rep},
+ {"reverse", str_reverse},
+ {"sub", str_sub},
+ {"upper", str_upper},
+ {NULL, NULL}
+};
+
+
+static void createmetatable (lua_State *L) {
+ lua_createtable(L, 0, 1); /* table to be metatable for strings */
+ lua_pushliteral(L, ""); /* dummy string */
+ lua_pushvalue(L, -2); /* copy table */
+ lua_setmetatable(L, -2); /* set table as metatable for strings */
+ lua_pop(L, 1); /* pop dummy string */
+ lua_pushvalue(L, -2); /* get string library */
+ lua_setfield(L, -2, "__index"); /* metatable.__index = string */
+ lua_pop(L, 1); /* pop metatable */
+}
+
+
+/*
+** Open string library
+*/
+LUAMOD_API int luaopen_string (lua_State *L) {
+ luaL_newlib(L, strlib);
+ createmetatable(L);
+ return 1;
+}
+
--- /dev/null
+/*
+** $Id: ltable.c,v 2.67 2011/11/30 12:41:45 roberto Exp $
+** Lua tables (hash)
+** See Copyright Notice in lua.h
+*/
+
+
+/*
+** Implementation of tables (aka arrays, objects, or hash tables).
+** Tables keep its elements in two parts: an array part and a hash part.
+** Non-negative integer keys are all candidates to be kept in the array
+** part. The actual size of the array is the largest `n' such that at
+** least half the slots between 0 and n are in use.
+** Hash uses a mix of chained scatter table with Brent's variation.
+** A main invariant of these tables is that, if an element is not
+** in its main position (i.e. the `original' position that its hash gives
+** to it), then the colliding element is in its own main position.
+** Hence even when the load factor reaches 100%, performance remains good.
+*/
+
+#include <string.h>
+
+#define ltable_c
+#define LUA_CORE
+
+#include "lua.h"
+
+#include "ldebug.h"
+#include "ldo.h"
+#include "lgc.h"
+#include "lmem.h"
+#include "lobject.h"
+#include "lstate.h"
+#include "lstring.h"
+#include "ltable.h"
+#include "lvm.h"
+
+
+/*
+** max size of array part is 2^MAXBITS
+*/
+#if LUAI_BITSINT >= 32
+#define MAXBITS 30
+#else
+#define MAXBITS (LUAI_BITSINT-2)
+#endif
+
+#define MAXASIZE (1 << MAXBITS)
+
+
+#define hashpow2(t,n) (gnode(t, lmod((n), sizenode(t))))
+
+#define hashstr(t,str) hashpow2(t, (str)->tsv.hash)
+#define hashboolean(t,p) hashpow2(t, p)
+
+
+/*
+** for some types, it is better to avoid modulus by power of 2, as
+** they tend to have many 2 factors.
+*/
+#define hashmod(t,n) (gnode(t, ((n) % ((sizenode(t)-1)|1))))
+
+
+#define hashpointer(t,p) hashmod(t, IntPoint(p))
+
+
+#define dummynode (&dummynode_)
+
+#define isdummy(n) ((n) == dummynode)
+
+static const Node dummynode_ = {
+ {NILCONSTANT}, /* value */
+ {{NILCONSTANT, NULL}} /* key */
+};
+
+
+/*
+** hash for lua_Numbers
+*/
+static Node *hashnum (const Table *t, lua_Number n) {
+ int i;
+ luai_hashnum(i, n);
+ if (i < 0) {
+ if (cast(unsigned int, i) == 0u - i) /* use unsigned to avoid overflows */
+ i = 0; /* handle INT_MIN */
+ i = -i; /* must be a positive value */
+ }
+ return hashmod(t, i);
+}
+
+
+
+/*
+** returns the `main' position of an element in a table (that is, the index
+** of its hash value)
+*/
+static Node *mainposition (const Table *t, const TValue *key) {
+ switch (ttype(key)) {
+ case LUA_TNUMBER:
+ return hashnum(t, nvalue(key));
+ case LUA_TSTRING:
+ return hashstr(t, rawtsvalue(key));
+ case LUA_TBOOLEAN:
+ return hashboolean(t, bvalue(key));
+ case LUA_TLIGHTUSERDATA:
+ return hashpointer(t, pvalue(key));
+ case LUA_TLCF:
+ return hashpointer(t, fvalue(key));
+ default:
+ return hashpointer(t, gcvalue(key));
+ }
+}
+
+
+/*
+** returns the index for `key' if `key' is an appropriate key to live in
+** the array part of the table, -1 otherwise.
+*/
+static int arrayindex (const TValue *key) {
+ if (ttisnumber(key)) {
+ lua_Number n = nvalue(key);
+ int k;
+ lua_number2int(k, n);
+ if (luai_numeq(cast_num(k), n))
+ return k;
+ }
+ return -1; /* `key' did not match some condition */
+}
+
+
+/*
+** returns the index of a `key' for table traversals. First goes all
+** elements in the array part, then elements in the hash part. The
+** beginning of a traversal is signaled by -1.
+*/
+static int findindex (lua_State *L, Table *t, StkId key) {
+ int i;
+ if (ttisnil(key)) return -1; /* first iteration */
+ i = arrayindex(key);
+ if (0 < i && i <= t->sizearray) /* is `key' inside array part? */
+ return i-1; /* yes; that's the index (corrected to C) */
+ else {
+ Node *n = mainposition(t, key);
+ for (;;) { /* check whether `key' is somewhere in the chain */
+ /* key may be dead already, but it is ok to use it in `next' */
+ if (luaV_rawequalobj(gkey(n), key) ||
+ (ttisdeadkey(gkey(n)) && iscollectable(key) &&
+ deadvalue(gkey(n)) == gcvalue(key))) {
+ i = cast_int(n - gnode(t, 0)); /* key index in hash table */
+ /* hash elements are numbered after array ones */
+ return i + t->sizearray;
+ }
+ else n = gnext(n);
+ if (n == NULL)
+ luaG_runerror(L, "invalid key to " LUA_QL("next")); /* key not found */
+ }
+ }
+}
+
+
+int luaH_next (lua_State *L, Table *t, StkId key) {
+ int i = findindex(L, t, key); /* find original element */
+ for (i++; i < t->sizearray; i++) { /* try first array part */
+ if (!ttisnil(&t->array[i])) { /* a non-nil value? */
+ setnvalue(key, cast_num(i+1));
+ setobj2s(L, key+1, &t->array[i]);
+ return 1;
+ }
+ }
+ for (i -= t->sizearray; i < sizenode(t); i++) { /* then hash part */
+ if (!ttisnil(gval(gnode(t, i)))) { /* a non-nil value? */
+ setobj2s(L, key, gkey(gnode(t, i)));
+ setobj2s(L, key+1, gval(gnode(t, i)));
+ return 1;
+ }
+ }
+ return 0; /* no more elements */
+}
+
+
+/*
+** {=============================================================
+** Rehash
+** ==============================================================
+*/
+
+
+static int computesizes (int nums[], int *narray) {
+ int i;
+ int twotoi; /* 2^i */
+ int a = 0; /* number of elements smaller than 2^i */
+ int na = 0; /* number of elements to go to array part */
+ int n = 0; /* optimal size for array part */
+ for (i = 0, twotoi = 1; twotoi/2 < *narray; i++, twotoi *= 2) {
+ if (nums[i] > 0) {
+ a += nums[i];
+ if (a > twotoi/2) { /* more than half elements present? */
+ n = twotoi; /* optimal size (till now) */
+ na = a; /* all elements smaller than n will go to array part */
+ }
+ }
+ if (a == *narray) break; /* all elements already counted */
+ }
+ *narray = n;
+ lua_assert(*narray/2 <= na && na <= *narray);
+ return na;
+}
+
+
+static int countint (const TValue *key, int *nums) {
+ int k = arrayindex(key);
+ if (0 < k && k <= MAXASIZE) { /* is `key' an appropriate array index? */
+ nums[luaO_ceillog2(k)]++; /* count as such */
+ return 1;
+ }
+ else
+ return 0;
+}
+
+
+static int numusearray (const Table *t, int *nums) {
+ int lg;
+ int ttlg; /* 2^lg */
+ int ause = 0; /* summation of `nums' */
+ int i = 1; /* count to traverse all array keys */
+ for (lg=0, ttlg=1; lg<=MAXBITS; lg++, ttlg*=2) { /* for each slice */
+ int lc = 0; /* counter */
+ int lim = ttlg;
+ if (lim > t->sizearray) {
+ lim = t->sizearray; /* adjust upper limit */
+ if (i > lim)
+ break; /* no more elements to count */
+ }
+ /* count elements in range (2^(lg-1), 2^lg] */
+ for (; i <= lim; i++) {
+ if (!ttisnil(&t->array[i-1]))
+ lc++;
+ }
+ nums[lg] += lc;
+ ause += lc;
+ }
+ return ause;
+}
+
+
+static int numusehash (const Table *t, int *nums, int *pnasize) {
+ int totaluse = 0; /* total number of elements */
+ int ause = 0; /* summation of `nums' */
+ int i = sizenode(t);
+ while (i--) {
+ Node *n = &t->node[i];
+ if (!ttisnil(gval(n))) {
+ ause += countint(gkey(n), nums);
+ totaluse++;
+ }
+ }
+ *pnasize += ause;
+ return totaluse;
+}
+
+
+static void setarrayvector (lua_State *L, Table *t, int size) {
+ int i;
+ luaM_reallocvector(L, t->array, t->sizearray, size, TValue);
+ for (i=t->sizearray; i<size; i++)
+ setnilvalue(&t->array[i]);
+ t->sizearray = size;
+}
+
+
+static void setnodevector (lua_State *L, Table *t, int size) {
+ int lsize;
+ if (size == 0) { /* no elements to hash part? */
+ t->node = cast(Node *, dummynode); /* use common `dummynode' */
+ lsize = 0;
+ }
+ else {
+ int i;
+ lsize = luaO_ceillog2(size);
+ if (lsize > MAXBITS)
+ luaG_runerror(L, "table overflow");
+ size = twoto(lsize);
+ t->node = luaM_newvector(L, size, Node);
+ for (i=0; i<size; i++) {
+ Node *n = gnode(t, i);
+ gnext(n) = NULL;
+ setnilvalue(gkey(n));
+ setnilvalue(gval(n));
+ }
+ }
+ t->lsizenode = cast_byte(lsize);
+ t->lastfree = gnode(t, size); /* all positions are free */
+}
+
+
+void luaH_resize (lua_State *L, Table *t, int nasize, int nhsize) {
+ int i;
+ int oldasize = t->sizearray;
+ int oldhsize = t->lsizenode;
+ Node *nold = t->node; /* save old hash ... */
+ if (nasize > oldasize) /* array part must grow? */
+ setarrayvector(L, t, nasize);
+ /* create new hash part with appropriate size */
+ setnodevector(L, t, nhsize);
+ if (nasize < oldasize) { /* array part must shrink? */
+ t->sizearray = nasize;
+ /* re-insert elements from vanishing slice */
+ for (i=nasize; i<oldasize; i++) {
+ if (!ttisnil(&t->array[i]))
+ luaH_setint(L, t, i + 1, &t->array[i]);
+ }
+ /* shrink array */
+ luaM_reallocvector(L, t->array, oldasize, nasize, TValue);
+ }
+ /* re-insert elements from hash part */
+ for (i = twoto(oldhsize) - 1; i >= 0; i--) {
+ Node *old = nold+i;
+ if (!ttisnil(gval(old))) {
+ /* doesn't need barrier/invalidate cache, as entry was
+ already present in the table */
+ setobjt2t(L, luaH_set(L, t, gkey(old)), gval(old));
+ }
+ }
+ if (!isdummy(nold))
+ luaM_freearray(L, nold, cast(size_t, twoto(oldhsize))); /* free old array */
+}
+
+
+void luaH_resizearray (lua_State *L, Table *t, int nasize) {
+ int nsize = isdummy(t->node) ? 0 : sizenode(t);
+ luaH_resize(L, t, nasize, nsize);
+}
+
+
+static void rehash (lua_State *L, Table *t, const TValue *ek) {
+ int nasize, na;
+ int nums[MAXBITS+1]; /* nums[i] = number of keys with 2^(i-1) < k <= 2^i */
+ int i;
+ int totaluse;
+ for (i=0; i<=MAXBITS; i++) nums[i] = 0; /* reset counts */
+ nasize = numusearray(t, nums); /* count keys in array part */
+ totaluse = nasize; /* all those keys are integer keys */
+ totaluse += numusehash(t, nums, &nasize); /* count keys in hash part */
+ /* count extra key */
+ nasize += countint(ek, nums);
+ totaluse++;
+ /* compute new size for array part */
+ na = computesizes(nums, &nasize);
+ /* resize the table to new computed sizes */
+ luaH_resize(L, t, nasize, totaluse - na);
+}
+
+
+
+/*
+** }=============================================================
+*/
+
+
+Table *luaH_new (lua_State *L) {
+ Table *t = &luaC_newobj(L, LUA_TTABLE, sizeof(Table), NULL, 0)->h;
+ t->metatable = NULL;
+ t->flags = cast_byte(~0);
+ t->array = NULL;
+ t->sizearray = 0;
+ setnodevector(L, t, 0);
+ return t;
+}
+
+
+void luaH_free (lua_State *L, Table *t) {
+ if (!isdummy(t->node))
+ luaM_freearray(L, t->node, cast(size_t, sizenode(t)));
+ luaM_freearray(L, t->array, t->sizearray);
+ luaM_free(L, t);
+}
+
+
+static Node *getfreepos (Table *t) {
+ while (t->lastfree > t->node) {
+ t->lastfree--;
+ if (ttisnil(gkey(t->lastfree)))
+ return t->lastfree;
+ }
+ return NULL; /* could not find a free place */
+}
+
+
+
+/*
+** inserts a new key into a hash table; first, check whether key's main
+** position is free. If not, check whether colliding node is in its main
+** position or not: if it is not, move colliding node to an empty place and
+** put new key in its main position; otherwise (colliding node is in its main
+** position), new key goes to an empty position.
+*/
+TValue *luaH_newkey (lua_State *L, Table *t, const TValue *key) {
+ Node *mp;
+ if (ttisnil(key)) luaG_runerror(L, "table index is nil");
+ else if (ttisnumber(key) && luai_numisnan(L, nvalue(key)))
+ luaG_runerror(L, "table index is NaN");
+ mp = mainposition(t, key);
+ if (!ttisnil(gval(mp)) || isdummy(mp)) { /* main position is taken? */
+ Node *othern;
+ Node *n = getfreepos(t); /* get a free place */
+ if (n == NULL) { /* cannot find a free place? */
+ rehash(L, t, key); /* grow table */
+ /* whatever called 'newkey' take care of TM cache and GC barrier */
+ return luaH_set(L, t, key); /* insert key into grown table */
+ }
+ lua_assert(!isdummy(n));
+ othern = mainposition(t, gkey(mp));
+ if (othern != mp) { /* is colliding node out of its main position? */
+ /* yes; move colliding node into free position */
+ while (gnext(othern) != mp) othern = gnext(othern); /* find previous */
+ gnext(othern) = n; /* redo the chain with `n' in place of `mp' */
+ *n = *mp; /* copy colliding node into free pos. (mp->next also goes) */
+ gnext(mp) = NULL; /* now `mp' is free */
+ setnilvalue(gval(mp));
+ }
+ else { /* colliding node is in its own main position */
+ /* new node will go into free position */
+ gnext(n) = gnext(mp); /* chain new position */
+ gnext(mp) = n;
+ mp = n;
+ }
+ }
+ setobj2t(L, gkey(mp), key);
+ luaC_barrierback(L, obj2gco(t), key);
+ lua_assert(ttisnil(gval(mp)));
+ return gval(mp);
+}
+
+
+/*
+** search function for integers
+*/
+const TValue *luaH_getint (Table *t, int key) {
+ /* (1 <= key && key <= t->sizearray) */
+ if (cast(unsigned int, key-1) < cast(unsigned int, t->sizearray))
+ return &t->array[key-1];
+ else {
+ lua_Number nk = cast_num(key);
+ Node *n = hashnum(t, nk);
+ do { /* check whether `key' is somewhere in the chain */
+ if (ttisnumber(gkey(n)) && luai_numeq(nvalue(gkey(n)), nk))
+ return gval(n); /* that's it */
+ else n = gnext(n);
+ } while (n);
+ return luaO_nilobject;
+ }
+}
+
+
+/*
+** search function for strings
+*/
+const TValue *luaH_getstr (Table *t, TString *key) {
+ Node *n = hashstr(t, key);
+ do { /* check whether `key' is somewhere in the chain */
+ if (ttisstring(gkey(n)) && eqstr(rawtsvalue(gkey(n)), key))
+ return gval(n); /* that's it */
+ else n = gnext(n);
+ } while (n);
+ return luaO_nilobject;
+}
+
+
+/*
+** main search function
+*/
+const TValue *luaH_get (Table *t, const TValue *key) {
+ switch (ttypenv(key)) {
+ case LUA_TNIL: return luaO_nilobject;
+ case LUA_TSTRING: return luaH_getstr(t, rawtsvalue(key));
+ case LUA_TNUMBER: {
+ int k;
+ lua_Number n = nvalue(key);
+ lua_number2int(k, n);
+ if (luai_numeq(cast_num(k), nvalue(key))) /* index is int? */
+ return luaH_getint(t, k); /* use specialized version */
+ /* else go through */
+ }
+ default: {
+ Node *n = mainposition(t, key);
+ do { /* check whether `key' is somewhere in the chain */
+ if (luaV_rawequalobj(gkey(n), key))
+ return gval(n); /* that's it */
+ else n = gnext(n);
+ } while (n);
+ return luaO_nilobject;
+ }
+ }
+}
+
+
+/*
+** beware: when using this function you probably need to check a GC
+** barrier and invalidate the TM cache.
+*/
+TValue *luaH_set (lua_State *L, Table *t, const TValue *key) {
+ const TValue *p = luaH_get(t, key);
+ if (p != luaO_nilobject)
+ return cast(TValue *, p);
+ else return luaH_newkey(L, t, key);
+}
+
+
+void luaH_setint (lua_State *L, Table *t, int key, TValue *value) {
+ const TValue *p = luaH_getint(t, key);
+ TValue *cell;
+ if (p != luaO_nilobject)
+ cell = cast(TValue *, p);
+ else {
+ TValue k;
+ setnvalue(&k, cast_num(key));
+ cell = luaH_newkey(L, t, &k);
+ }
+ setobj2t(L, cell, value);
+}
+
+
+static int unbound_search (Table *t, unsigned int j) {
+ unsigned int i = j; /* i is zero or a present index */
+ j++;
+ /* find `i' and `j' such that i is present and j is not */
+ while (!ttisnil(luaH_getint(t, j))) {
+ i = j;
+ j *= 2;
+ if (j > cast(unsigned int, MAX_INT)) { /* overflow? */
+ /* table was built with bad purposes: resort to linear search */
+ i = 1;
+ while (!ttisnil(luaH_getint(t, i))) i++;
+ return i - 1;
+ }
+ }
+ /* now do a binary search between them */
+ while (j - i > 1) {
+ unsigned int m = (i+j)/2;
+ if (ttisnil(luaH_getint(t, m))) j = m;
+ else i = m;
+ }
+ return i;
+}
+
+
+/*
+** Try to find a boundary in table `t'. A `boundary' is an integer index
+** such that t[i] is non-nil and t[i+1] is nil (and 0 if t[1] is nil).
+*/
+int luaH_getn (Table *t) {
+ unsigned int j = t->sizearray;
+ if (j > 0 && ttisnil(&t->array[j - 1])) {
+ /* there is a boundary in the array part: (binary) search for it */
+ unsigned int i = 0;
+ while (j - i > 1) {
+ unsigned int m = (i+j)/2;
+ if (ttisnil(&t->array[m - 1])) j = m;
+ else i = m;
+ }
+ return i;
+ }
+ /* else must find a boundary in hash part */
+ else if (isdummy(t->node)) /* hash part is empty? */
+ return j; /* that is easy... */
+ else return unbound_search(t, j);
+}
+
+
+
+#if defined(LUA_DEBUG)
+
+Node *luaH_mainposition (const Table *t, const TValue *key) {
+ return mainposition(t, key);
+}
+
+int luaH_isdummy (Node *n) { return isdummy(n); }
+
+#endif
--- /dev/null
+/*
+** $Id: ltable.h,v 2.16 2011/08/17 20:26:47 roberto Exp $
+** Lua tables (hash)
+** See Copyright Notice in lua.h
+*/
+
+#ifndef ltable_h
+#define ltable_h
+
+#include "lobject.h"
+
+
+#define gnode(t,i) (&(t)->node[i])
+#define gkey(n) (&(n)->i_key.tvk)
+#define gval(n) (&(n)->i_val)
+#define gnext(n) ((n)->i_key.nk.next)
+
+#define invalidateTMcache(t) ((t)->flags = 0)
+
+
+LUAI_FUNC const TValue *luaH_getint (Table *t, int key);
+LUAI_FUNC void luaH_setint (lua_State *L, Table *t, int key, TValue *value);
+LUAI_FUNC const TValue *luaH_getstr (Table *t, TString *key);
+LUAI_FUNC const TValue *luaH_get (Table *t, const TValue *key);
+LUAI_FUNC TValue *luaH_newkey (lua_State *L, Table *t, const TValue *key);
+LUAI_FUNC TValue *luaH_set (lua_State *L, Table *t, const TValue *key);
+LUAI_FUNC Table *luaH_new (lua_State *L);
+LUAI_FUNC void luaH_resize (lua_State *L, Table *t, int nasize, int nhsize);
+LUAI_FUNC void luaH_resizearray (lua_State *L, Table *t, int nasize);
+LUAI_FUNC void luaH_free (lua_State *L, Table *t);
+LUAI_FUNC int luaH_next (lua_State *L, Table *t, StkId key);
+LUAI_FUNC int luaH_getn (Table *t);
+
+
+#if defined(LUA_DEBUG)
+LUAI_FUNC Node *luaH_mainposition (const Table *t, const TValue *key);
+LUAI_FUNC int luaH_isdummy (Node *n);
+#endif
+
+
+#endif
--- /dev/null
+/*
+** $Id: ltablib.c,v 1.63 2011/11/28 17:26:30 roberto Exp $
+** Library for Table Manipulation
+** See Copyright Notice in lua.h
+*/
+
+
+#include <stddef.h>
+
+#define ltablib_c
+#define LUA_LIB
+
+#include "lua.h"
+
+#include "lauxlib.h"
+#include "lualib.h"
+
+
+#define aux_getn(L,n) \
+ (luaL_checktype(L, n, LUA_TTABLE), luaL_len(L, n))
+
+
+#if defined(LUA_COMPAT_MAXN)
+static int maxn (lua_State *L) {
+ lua_Number max = 0;
+ luaL_checktype(L, 1, LUA_TTABLE);
+ lua_pushnil(L); /* first key */
+ while (lua_next(L, 1)) {
+ lua_pop(L, 1); /* remove value */
+ if (lua_type(L, -1) == LUA_TNUMBER) {
+ lua_Number v = lua_tonumber(L, -1);
+ if (v > max) max = v;
+ }
+ }
+ lua_pushnumber(L, max);
+ return 1;
+}
+#endif
+
+
+static int tinsert (lua_State *L) {
+ int e = aux_getn(L, 1) + 1; /* first empty element */
+ int pos; /* where to insert new element */
+ switch (lua_gettop(L)) {
+ case 2: { /* called with only 2 arguments */
+ pos = e; /* insert new element at the end */
+ break;
+ }
+ case 3: {
+ int i;
+ pos = luaL_checkint(L, 2); /* 2nd argument is the position */
+ if (pos > e) e = pos; /* `grow' array if necessary */
+ for (i = e; i > pos; i--) { /* move up elements */
+ lua_rawgeti(L, 1, i-1);
+ lua_rawseti(L, 1, i); /* t[i] = t[i-1] */
+ }
+ break;
+ }
+ default: {
+ return luaL_error(L, "wrong number of arguments to " LUA_QL("insert"));
+ }
+ }
+ lua_rawseti(L, 1, pos); /* t[pos] = v */
+ return 0;
+}
+
+
+static int tremove (lua_State *L) {
+ int e = aux_getn(L, 1);
+ int pos = luaL_optint(L, 2, e);
+ if (!(1 <= pos && pos <= e)) /* position is outside bounds? */
+ return 0; /* nothing to remove */
+ lua_rawgeti(L, 1, pos); /* result = t[pos] */
+ for ( ;pos<e; pos++) {
+ lua_rawgeti(L, 1, pos+1);
+ lua_rawseti(L, 1, pos); /* t[pos] = t[pos+1] */
+ }
+ lua_pushnil(L);
+ lua_rawseti(L, 1, e); /* t[e] = nil */
+ return 1;
+}
+
+
+static void addfield (lua_State *L, luaL_Buffer *b, int i) {
+ lua_rawgeti(L, 1, i);
+ if (!lua_isstring(L, -1))
+ luaL_error(L, "invalid value (%s) at index %d in table for "
+ LUA_QL("concat"), luaL_typename(L, -1), i);
+ luaL_addvalue(b);
+}
+
+
+static int tconcat (lua_State *L) {
+ luaL_Buffer b;
+ size_t lsep;
+ int i, last;
+ const char *sep = luaL_optlstring(L, 2, "", &lsep);
+ luaL_checktype(L, 1, LUA_TTABLE);
+ i = luaL_optint(L, 3, 1);
+ last = luaL_opt(L, luaL_checkint, 4, luaL_len(L, 1));
+ luaL_buffinit(L, &b);
+ for (; i < last; i++) {
+ addfield(L, &b, i);
+ luaL_addlstring(&b, sep, lsep);
+ }
+ if (i == last) /* add last value (if interval was not empty) */
+ addfield(L, &b, i);
+ luaL_pushresult(&b);
+ return 1;
+}
+
+
+/*
+** {======================================================
+** Pack/unpack
+** =======================================================
+*/
+
+static int pack (lua_State *L) {
+ int n = lua_gettop(L); /* number of elements to pack */
+ lua_createtable(L, n, 1); /* create result table */
+ lua_pushinteger(L, n);
+ lua_setfield(L, -2, "n"); /* t.n = number of elements */
+ if (n > 0) { /* at least one element? */
+ int i;
+ lua_pushvalue(L, 1);
+ lua_rawseti(L, -2, 1); /* insert first element */
+ lua_replace(L, 1); /* move table into index 1 */
+ for (i = n; i >= 2; i--) /* assign other elements */
+ lua_rawseti(L, 1, i);
+ }
+ return 1; /* return table */
+}
+
+
+static int unpack (lua_State *L) {
+ int i, e, n;
+ luaL_checktype(L, 1, LUA_TTABLE);
+ i = luaL_optint(L, 2, 1);
+ e = luaL_opt(L, luaL_checkint, 3, luaL_len(L, 1));
+ if (i > e) return 0; /* empty range */
+ n = e - i + 1; /* number of elements */
+ if (n <= 0 || !lua_checkstack(L, n)) /* n <= 0 means arith. overflow */
+ return luaL_error(L, "too many results to unpack");
+ lua_rawgeti(L, 1, i); /* push arg[i] (avoiding overflow problems) */
+ while (i++ < e) /* push arg[i + 1...e] */
+ lua_rawgeti(L, 1, i);
+ return n;
+}
+
+/* }====================================================== */
+
+
+
+/*
+** {======================================================
+** Quicksort
+** (based on `Algorithms in MODULA-3', Robert Sedgewick;
+** Addison-Wesley, 1993.)
+** =======================================================
+*/
+
+
+static void set2 (lua_State *L, int i, int j) {
+ lua_rawseti(L, 1, i);
+ lua_rawseti(L, 1, j);
+}
+
+static int sort_comp (lua_State *L, int a, int b) {
+ if (!lua_isnil(L, 2)) { /* function? */
+ int res;
+ lua_pushvalue(L, 2);
+ lua_pushvalue(L, a-1); /* -1 to compensate function */
+ lua_pushvalue(L, b-2); /* -2 to compensate function and `a' */
+ lua_call(L, 2, 1);
+ res = lua_toboolean(L, -1);
+ lua_pop(L, 1);
+ return res;
+ }
+ else /* a < b? */
+ return lua_compare(L, a, b, LUA_OPLT);
+}
+
+static void auxsort (lua_State *L, int l, int u) {
+ while (l < u) { /* for tail recursion */
+ int i, j;
+ /* sort elements a[l], a[(l+u)/2] and a[u] */
+ lua_rawgeti(L, 1, l);
+ lua_rawgeti(L, 1, u);
+ if (sort_comp(L, -1, -2)) /* a[u] < a[l]? */
+ set2(L, l, u); /* swap a[l] - a[u] */
+ else
+ lua_pop(L, 2);
+ if (u-l == 1) break; /* only 2 elements */
+ i = (l+u)/2;
+ lua_rawgeti(L, 1, i);
+ lua_rawgeti(L, 1, l);
+ if (sort_comp(L, -2, -1)) /* a[i]<a[l]? */
+ set2(L, i, l);
+ else {
+ lua_pop(L, 1); /* remove a[l] */
+ lua_rawgeti(L, 1, u);
+ if (sort_comp(L, -1, -2)) /* a[u]<a[i]? */
+ set2(L, i, u);
+ else
+ lua_pop(L, 2);
+ }
+ if (u-l == 2) break; /* only 3 elements */
+ lua_rawgeti(L, 1, i); /* Pivot */
+ lua_pushvalue(L, -1);
+ lua_rawgeti(L, 1, u-1);
+ set2(L, i, u-1);
+ /* a[l] <= P == a[u-1] <= a[u], only need to sort from l+1 to u-2 */
+ i = l; j = u-1;
+ for (;;) { /* invariant: a[l..i] <= P <= a[j..u] */
+ /* repeat ++i until a[i] >= P */
+ while (lua_rawgeti(L, 1, ++i), sort_comp(L, -1, -2)) {
+ if (i>=u) luaL_error(L, "invalid order function for sorting");
+ lua_pop(L, 1); /* remove a[i] */
+ }
+ /* repeat --j until a[j] <= P */
+ while (lua_rawgeti(L, 1, --j), sort_comp(L, -3, -1)) {
+ if (j<=l) luaL_error(L, "invalid order function for sorting");
+ lua_pop(L, 1); /* remove a[j] */
+ }
+ if (j<i) {
+ lua_pop(L, 3); /* pop pivot, a[i], a[j] */
+ break;
+ }
+ set2(L, i, j);
+ }
+ lua_rawgeti(L, 1, u-1);
+ lua_rawgeti(L, 1, i);
+ set2(L, u-1, i); /* swap pivot (a[u-1]) with a[i] */
+ /* a[l..i-1] <= a[i] == P <= a[i+1..u] */
+ /* adjust so that smaller half is in [j..i] and larger one in [l..u] */
+ if (i-l < u-i) {
+ j=l; i=i-1; l=i+2;
+ }
+ else {
+ j=i+1; i=u; u=j-2;
+ }
+ auxsort(L, j, i); /* call recursively the smaller one */
+ } /* repeat the routine for the larger one */
+}
+
+static int sort (lua_State *L) {
+ int n = aux_getn(L, 1);
+ luaL_checkstack(L, 40, ""); /* assume array is smaller than 2^40 */
+ if (!lua_isnoneornil(L, 2)) /* is there a 2nd argument? */
+ luaL_checktype(L, 2, LUA_TFUNCTION);
+ lua_settop(L, 2); /* make sure there is two arguments */
+ auxsort(L, 1, n);
+ return 0;
+}
+
+/* }====================================================== */
+
+
+static const luaL_Reg tab_funcs[] = {
+ {"concat", tconcat},
+#if defined(LUA_COMPAT_MAXN)
+ {"maxn", maxn},
+#endif
+ {"insert", tinsert},
+ {"pack", pack},
+ {"unpack", unpack},
+ {"remove", tremove},
+ {"sort", sort},
+ {NULL, NULL}
+};
+
+
+LUAMOD_API int luaopen_table (lua_State *L) {
+ luaL_newlib(L, tab_funcs);
+#if defined(LUA_COMPAT_UNPACK)
+ /* _G.unpack = table.unpack */
+ lua_getfield(L, -1, "unpack");
+ lua_setglobal(L, "unpack");
+#endif
+ return 1;
+}
+
--- /dev/null
+/*
+** $Id: ltm.c,v 2.14 2011/06/02 19:31:40 roberto Exp $
+** Tag methods
+** See Copyright Notice in lua.h
+*/
+
+
+#include <string.h>
+
+#define ltm_c
+#define LUA_CORE
+
+#include "lua.h"
+
+#include "lobject.h"
+#include "lstate.h"
+#include "lstring.h"
+#include "ltable.h"
+#include "ltm.h"
+
+
+static const char udatatypename[] = "userdata";
+
+LUAI_DDEF const char *const luaT_typenames_[LUA_TOTALTAGS] = {
+ "no value",
+ "nil", "boolean", udatatypename, "number",
+ "string", "table", "function", udatatypename, "thread",
+ "proto", "upval" /* these last two cases are used for tests only */
+};
+
+
+void luaT_init (lua_State *L) {
+ static const char *const luaT_eventname[] = { /* ORDER TM */
+ "__index", "__newindex",
+ "__gc", "__mode", "__len", "__eq",
+ "__add", "__sub", "__mul", "__div", "__mod",
+ "__pow", "__unm", "__lt", "__le",
+ "__concat", "__call"
+ };
+ int i;
+ for (i=0; i<TM_N; i++) {
+ G(L)->tmname[i] = luaS_new(L, luaT_eventname[i]);
+ luaS_fix(G(L)->tmname[i]); /* never collect these names */
+ }
+}
+
+
+/*
+** function to be used with macro "fasttm": optimized for absence of
+** tag methods
+*/
+const TValue *luaT_gettm (Table *events, TMS event, TString *ename) {
+ const TValue *tm = luaH_getstr(events, ename);
+ lua_assert(event <= TM_EQ);
+ if (ttisnil(tm)) { /* no tag method? */
+ events->flags |= cast_byte(1u<<event); /* cache this fact */
+ return NULL;
+ }
+ else return tm;
+}
+
+
+const TValue *luaT_gettmbyobj (lua_State *L, const TValue *o, TMS event) {
+ Table *mt;
+ switch (ttypenv(o)) {
+ case LUA_TTABLE:
+ mt = hvalue(o)->metatable;
+ break;
+ case LUA_TUSERDATA:
+ mt = uvalue(o)->metatable;
+ break;
+ default:
+ mt = G(L)->mt[ttypenv(o)];
+ }
+ return (mt ? luaH_getstr(mt, G(L)->tmname[event]) : luaO_nilobject);
+}
+
--- /dev/null
+/*
+** $Id: ltm.h,v 2.11 2011/02/28 17:32:10 roberto Exp $
+** Tag methods
+** See Copyright Notice in lua.h
+*/
+
+#ifndef ltm_h
+#define ltm_h
+
+
+#include "lobject.h"
+
+
+/*
+* WARNING: if you change the order of this enumeration,
+* grep "ORDER TM"
+*/
+typedef enum {
+ TM_INDEX,
+ TM_NEWINDEX,
+ TM_GC,
+ TM_MODE,
+ TM_LEN,
+ TM_EQ, /* last tag method with `fast' access */
+ TM_ADD,
+ TM_SUB,
+ TM_MUL,
+ TM_DIV,
+ TM_MOD,
+ TM_POW,
+ TM_UNM,
+ TM_LT,
+ TM_LE,
+ TM_CONCAT,
+ TM_CALL,
+ TM_N /* number of elements in the enum */
+} TMS;
+
+
+
+#define gfasttm(g,et,e) ((et) == NULL ? NULL : \
+ ((et)->flags & (1u<<(e))) ? NULL : luaT_gettm(et, e, (g)->tmname[e]))
+
+#define fasttm(l,et,e) gfasttm(G(l), et, e)
+
+#define ttypename(x) luaT_typenames_[(x) + 1]
+#define objtypename(x) ttypename(ttypenv(x))
+
+LUAI_DDEC const char *const luaT_typenames_[LUA_TOTALTAGS];
+
+
+LUAI_FUNC const TValue *luaT_gettm (Table *events, TMS event, TString *ename);
+LUAI_FUNC const TValue *luaT_gettmbyobj (lua_State *L, const TValue *o,
+ TMS event);
+LUAI_FUNC void luaT_init (lua_State *L);
+
+#endif
--- /dev/null
+/*
+** $Id: lua.c,v 1.203 2011/12/12 16:34:03 roberto Exp $
+** Lua stand-alone interpreter
+** See Copyright Notice in lua.h
+*/
+
+
+#include <signal.h>
+#include <stdio.h>
+#include <stdlib.h>
+#include <string.h>
+
+#define lua_c
+
+#include "lua.h"
+
+#include "lauxlib.h"
+#include "lualib.h"
+
+
+#if !defined(LUA_PROMPT)
+#define LUA_PROMPT "> "
+#define LUA_PROMPT2 ">> "
+#endif
+
+#if !defined(LUA_PROGNAME)
+#define LUA_PROGNAME "lua"
+#endif
+
+#if !defined(LUA_MAXINPUT)
+#define LUA_MAXINPUT 512
+#endif
+
+#if !defined(LUA_INIT)
+#define LUA_INIT "LUA_INIT"
+#endif
+
+#define LUA_INITVERSION \
+ LUA_INIT "_" LUA_VERSION_MAJOR "_" LUA_VERSION_MINOR
+
+
+/*
+** lua_stdin_is_tty detects whether the standard input is a 'tty' (that
+** is, whether we're running lua interactively).
+*/
+#if defined(LUA_USE_ISATTY)
+#include <unistd.h>
+#define lua_stdin_is_tty() isatty(0)
+#elif defined(LUA_WIN)
+#include <io.h>
+#include <stdio.h>
+#define lua_stdin_is_tty() _isatty(_fileno(stdin))
+#else
+#define lua_stdin_is_tty() 1 /* assume stdin is a tty */
+#endif
+
+
+/*
+** lua_readline defines how to show a prompt and then read a line from
+** the standard input.
+** lua_saveline defines how to "save" a read line in a "history".
+** lua_freeline defines how to free a line read by lua_readline.
+*/
+#if defined(LUA_USE_READLINE)
+
+#include <stdio.h>
+#include <readline/readline.h>
+#include <readline/history.h>
+#define lua_readline(L,b,p) ((void)L, ((b)=readline(p)) != NULL)
+#define lua_saveline(L,idx) \
+ if (lua_rawlen(L,idx) > 0) /* non-empty line? */ \
+ add_history(lua_tostring(L, idx)); /* add it to history */
+#define lua_freeline(L,b) ((void)L, free(b))
+
+#elif !defined(lua_readline)
+
+#define lua_readline(L,b,p) \
+ ((void)L, fputs(p, stdout), fflush(stdout), /* show prompt */ \
+ fgets(b, LUA_MAXINPUT, stdin) != NULL) /* get line */
+#define lua_saveline(L,idx) { (void)L; (void)idx; }
+#define lua_freeline(L,b) { (void)L; (void)b; }
+
+#endif
+
+
+
+
+static lua_State *globalL = NULL;
+
+static const char *progname = LUA_PROGNAME;
+
+
+
+static void lstop (lua_State *L, lua_Debug *ar) {
+ (void)ar; /* unused arg. */
+ lua_sethook(L, NULL, 0, 0);
+ luaL_error(L, "interrupted!");
+}
+
+
+static void laction (int i) {
+ signal(i, SIG_DFL); /* if another SIGINT happens before lstop,
+ terminate process (default action) */
+ lua_sethook(globalL, lstop, LUA_MASKCALL | LUA_MASKRET | LUA_MASKCOUNT, 1);
+}
+
+
+static void print_usage (const char *badoption) {
+ luai_writestringerror("%s: ", progname);
+ if (badoption[1] == 'e' || badoption[1] == 'l')
+ luai_writestringerror("'%s' needs argument\n", badoption);
+ else
+ luai_writestringerror("unrecognized option '%s'\n", badoption);
+ luai_writestringerror(
+ "usage: %s [options] [script [args]]\n"
+ "Available options are:\n"
+ " -e stat execute string " LUA_QL("stat") "\n"
+ " -i enter interactive mode after executing " LUA_QL("script") "\n"
+ " -l name require library " LUA_QL("name") "\n"
+ " -v show version information\n"
+ " -E ignore environment variables\n"
+ " -- stop handling options\n"
+ " - stop handling options and execute stdin\n"
+ ,
+ progname);
+}
+
+
+static void l_message (const char *pname, const char *msg) {
+ if (pname) luai_writestringerror("%s: ", pname);
+ luai_writestringerror("%s\n", msg);
+}
+
+
+static int report (lua_State *L, int status) {
+ if (status != LUA_OK && !lua_isnil(L, -1)) {
+ const char *msg = lua_tostring(L, -1);
+ if (msg == NULL) msg = "(error object is not a string)";
+ l_message(progname, msg);
+ lua_pop(L, 1);
+ /* force a complete garbage collection in case of errors */
+ lua_gc(L, LUA_GCCOLLECT, 0);
+ }
+ return status;
+}
+
+
+/* the next function is called unprotected, so it must avoid errors */
+static void finalreport (lua_State *L, int status) {
+ if (status != LUA_OK) {
+ const char *msg = (lua_type(L, -1) == LUA_TSTRING) ? lua_tostring(L, -1)
+ : NULL;
+ if (msg == NULL) msg = "(error object is not a string)";
+ l_message(progname, msg);
+ lua_pop(L, 1);
+ }
+}
+
+
+static int traceback (lua_State *L) {
+ const char *msg = lua_tostring(L, 1);
+ if (msg)
+ luaL_traceback(L, L, msg, 1);
+ else if (!lua_isnoneornil(L, 1)) { /* is there an error object? */
+ if (!luaL_callmeta(L, 1, "__tostring")) /* try its 'tostring' metamethod */
+ lua_pushliteral(L, "(no error message)");
+ }
+ return 1;
+}
+
+
+static int docall (lua_State *L, int narg, int nres) {
+ int status;
+ int base = lua_gettop(L) - narg; /* function index */
+ lua_pushcfunction(L, traceback); /* push traceback function */
+ lua_insert(L, base); /* put it under chunk and args */
+ globalL = L; /* to be available to 'laction' */
+ signal(SIGINT, laction);
+ status = lua_pcall(L, narg, nres, base);
+ signal(SIGINT, SIG_DFL);
+ lua_remove(L, base); /* remove traceback function */
+ return status;
+}
+
+
+static void print_version (void) {
+ luai_writestring(LUA_COPYRIGHT, strlen(LUA_COPYRIGHT));
+ luai_writeline();
+}
+
+
+static int getargs (lua_State *L, char **argv, int n) {
+ int narg;
+ int i;
+ int argc = 0;
+ while (argv[argc]) argc++; /* count total number of arguments */
+ narg = argc - (n + 1); /* number of arguments to the script */
+ luaL_checkstack(L, narg + 3, "too many arguments to script");
+ for (i=n+1; i < argc; i++)
+ lua_pushstring(L, argv[i]);
+ lua_createtable(L, narg, n + 1);
+ for (i=0; i < argc; i++) {
+ lua_pushstring(L, argv[i]);
+ lua_rawseti(L, -2, i - n);
+ }
+ return narg;
+}
+
+
+static int dofile (lua_State *L, const char *name) {
+ int status = luaL_loadfile(L, name);
+ if (status == LUA_OK) status = docall(L, 0, 0);
+ return report(L, status);
+}
+
+
+static int dostring (lua_State *L, const char *s, const char *name) {
+ int status = luaL_loadbuffer(L, s, strlen(s), name);
+ if (status == LUA_OK) status = docall(L, 0, 0);
+ return report(L, status);
+}
+
+
+static int dolibrary (lua_State *L, const char *name) {
+ int status;
+ lua_pushglobaltable(L);
+ lua_getfield(L, -1, "require");
+ lua_pushstring(L, name);
+ status = docall(L, 1, 1);
+ if (status == LUA_OK) {
+ lua_setfield(L, -2, name); /* global[name] = require return */
+ lua_pop(L, 1); /* remove global table */
+ }
+ else
+ lua_remove(L, -2); /* remove global table (below error msg.) */
+ return report(L, status);
+}
+
+
+static const char *get_prompt (lua_State *L, int firstline) {
+ const char *p;
+ lua_getglobal(L, firstline ? "_PROMPT" : "_PROMPT2");
+ p = lua_tostring(L, -1);
+ if (p == NULL) p = (firstline ? LUA_PROMPT : LUA_PROMPT2);
+ lua_pop(L, 1); /* remove global */
+ return p;
+}
+
+/* mark in error messages for incomplete statements */
+#define EOFMARK "<eof>"
+#define marklen (sizeof(EOFMARK)/sizeof(char) - 1)
+
+static int incomplete (lua_State *L, int status) {
+ if (status == LUA_ERRSYNTAX) {
+ size_t lmsg;
+ const char *msg = lua_tolstring(L, -1, &lmsg);
+ if (lmsg >= marklen && strcmp(msg + lmsg - marklen, EOFMARK) == 0) {
+ lua_pop(L, 1);
+ return 1;
+ }
+ }
+ return 0; /* else... */
+}
+
+
+static int pushline (lua_State *L, int firstline) {
+ char buffer[LUA_MAXINPUT];
+ char *b = buffer;
+ size_t l;
+ const char *prmt = get_prompt(L, firstline);
+ if (lua_readline(L, b, prmt) == 0)
+ return 0; /* no input */
+ l = strlen(b);
+ if (l > 0 && b[l-1] == '\n') /* line ends with newline? */
+ b[l-1] = '\0'; /* remove it */
+ if (firstline && b[0] == '=') /* first line starts with `=' ? */
+ lua_pushfstring(L, "return %s", b+1); /* change it to `return' */
+ else
+ lua_pushstring(L, b);
+ lua_freeline(L, b);
+ return 1;
+}
+
+
+static int loadline (lua_State *L) {
+ int status;
+ lua_settop(L, 0);
+ if (!pushline(L, 1))
+ return -1; /* no input */
+ for (;;) { /* repeat until gets a complete line */
+ size_t l;
+ const char *line = lua_tolstring(L, 1, &l);
+ status = luaL_loadbuffer(L, line, l, "=stdin");
+ if (!incomplete(L, status)) break; /* cannot try to add lines? */
+ if (!pushline(L, 0)) /* no more input? */
+ return -1;
+ lua_pushliteral(L, "\n"); /* add a new line... */
+ lua_insert(L, -2); /* ...between the two lines */
+ lua_concat(L, 3); /* join them */
+ }
+ lua_saveline(L, 1);
+ lua_remove(L, 1); /* remove line */
+ return status;
+}
+
+
+static void dotty (lua_State *L) {
+ int status;
+ const char *oldprogname = progname;
+ progname = NULL;
+ while ((status = loadline(L)) != -1) {
+ if (status == LUA_OK) status = docall(L, 0, LUA_MULTRET);
+ report(L, status);
+ if (status == LUA_OK && lua_gettop(L) > 0) { /* any result to print? */
+ luaL_checkstack(L, LUA_MINSTACK, "too many results to print");
+ lua_getglobal(L, "print");
+ lua_insert(L, 1);
+ if (lua_pcall(L, lua_gettop(L)-1, 0, 0) != LUA_OK)
+ l_message(progname, lua_pushfstring(L,
+ "error calling " LUA_QL("print") " (%s)",
+ lua_tostring(L, -1)));
+ }
+ }
+ lua_settop(L, 0); /* clear stack */
+ luai_writeline();
+ progname = oldprogname;
+}
+
+
+static int handle_script (lua_State *L, char **argv, int n) {
+ int status;
+ const char *fname;
+ int narg = getargs(L, argv, n); /* collect arguments */
+ lua_setglobal(L, "arg");
+ fname = argv[n];
+ if (strcmp(fname, "-") == 0 && strcmp(argv[n-1], "--") != 0)
+ fname = NULL; /* stdin */
+ status = luaL_loadfile(L, fname);
+ lua_insert(L, -(narg+1));
+ if (status == LUA_OK)
+ status = docall(L, narg, LUA_MULTRET);
+ else
+ lua_pop(L, narg);
+ return report(L, status);
+}
+
+
+/* check that argument has no extra characters at the end */
+#define noextrachars(x) {if ((x)[2] != '\0') return -1;}
+
+
+/* indices of various argument indicators in array args */
+#define has_i 0 /* -i */
+#define has_v 1 /* -v */
+#define has_e 2 /* -e */
+#define has_E 3 /* -E */
+
+#define num_has 4 /* number of 'has_*' */
+
+
+static int collectargs (char **argv, int *args) {
+ int i;
+ for (i = 1; argv[i] != NULL; i++) {
+ if (argv[i][0] != '-') /* not an option? */
+ return i;
+ switch (argv[i][1]) { /* option */
+ case '-':
+ noextrachars(argv[i]);
+ return (argv[i+1] != NULL ? i+1 : 0);
+ case '\0':
+ return i;
+ case 'E':
+ args[has_E] = 1;
+ break;
+ case 'i':
+ noextrachars(argv[i]);
+ args[has_i] = 1; /* go through */
+ case 'v':
+ noextrachars(argv[i]);
+ args[has_v] = 1;
+ break;
+ case 'e':
+ args[has_e] = 1; /* go through */
+ case 'l': /* both options need an argument */
+ if (argv[i][2] == '\0') { /* no concatenated argument? */
+ i++; /* try next 'argv' */
+ if (argv[i] == NULL || argv[i][0] == '-')
+ return -(i - 1); /* no next argument or it is another option */
+ }
+ break;
+ default: /* invalid option; return its index... */
+ return -i; /* ...as a negative value */
+ }
+ }
+ return 0;
+}
+
+
+static int runargs (lua_State *L, char **argv, int n) {
+ int i;
+ for (i = 1; i < n; i++) {
+ lua_assert(argv[i][0] == '-');
+ switch (argv[i][1]) { /* option */
+ case 'e': {
+ const char *chunk = argv[i] + 2;
+ if (*chunk == '\0') chunk = argv[++i];
+ lua_assert(chunk != NULL);
+ if (dostring(L, chunk, "=(command line)") != LUA_OK)
+ return 0;
+ break;
+ }
+ case 'l': {
+ const char *filename = argv[i] + 2;
+ if (*filename == '\0') filename = argv[++i];
+ lua_assert(filename != NULL);
+ if (dolibrary(L, filename) != LUA_OK)
+ return 0; /* stop if file fails */
+ break;
+ }
+ default: break;
+ }
+ }
+ return 1;
+}
+
+
+static int handle_luainit (lua_State *L) {
+ const char *name = "=" LUA_INITVERSION;
+ const char *init = getenv(name + 1);
+ if (init == NULL) {
+ name = "=" LUA_INIT;
+ init = getenv(name + 1); /* try alternative name */
+ }
+ if (init == NULL) return LUA_OK;
+ else if (init[0] == '@')
+ return dofile(L, init+1);
+ else
+ return dostring(L, init, name);
+}
+
+
+static int pmain (lua_State *L) {
+ int argc = (int)lua_tointeger(L, 1);
+ char **argv = (char **)lua_touserdata(L, 2);
+ int script;
+ int args[num_has];
+ args[has_i] = args[has_v] = args[has_e] = args[has_E] = 0;
+ if (argv[0] && argv[0][0]) progname = argv[0];
+ script = collectargs(argv, args);
+ if (script < 0) { /* invalid arg? */
+ print_usage(argv[-script]);
+ return 0;
+ }
+ if (args[has_v]) print_version();
+ if (args[has_E]) { /* option '-E'? */
+ lua_pushboolean(L, 1); /* signal for libraries to ignore env. vars. */
+ lua_setfield(L, LUA_REGISTRYINDEX, "LUA_NOENV");
+ }
+ /* open standard libraries */
+ luaL_checkversion(L);
+ lua_gc(L, LUA_GCSTOP, 0); /* stop collector during initialization */
+ luaL_openlibs(L); /* open libraries */
+ lua_gc(L, LUA_GCRESTART, 0);
+ if (!args[has_E] && handle_luainit(L) != LUA_OK)
+ return 0; /* error running LUA_INIT */
+ /* execute arguments -e and -l */
+ if (!runargs(L, argv, (script > 0) ? script : argc)) return 0;
+ /* execute main script (if there is one) */
+ if (script && handle_script(L, argv, script) != LUA_OK) return 0;
+ if (args[has_i]) /* -i option? */
+ dotty(L);
+ else if (script == 0 && !args[has_e] && !args[has_v]) { /* no arguments? */
+ if (lua_stdin_is_tty()) {
+ print_version();
+ dotty(L);
+ }
+ else dofile(L, NULL); /* executes stdin as a file */
+ }
+ lua_pushboolean(L, 1); /* signal no errors */
+ return 1;
+}
+
+
+int main (int argc, char **argv) {
+ int status, result;
+ lua_State *L = luaL_newstate(); /* create state */
+ if (L == NULL) {
+ l_message(argv[0], "cannot create state: not enough memory");
+ return EXIT_FAILURE;
+ }
+ /* call 'pmain' in protected mode */
+ lua_pushcfunction(L, &pmain);
+ lua_pushinteger(L, argc); /* 1st argument */
+ lua_pushlightuserdata(L, argv); /* 2nd argument */
+ status = lua_pcall(L, 2, 1, 0);
+ result = lua_toboolean(L, -1); /* get result */
+ finalreport(L, status);
+ lua_close(L);
+ return (result && status == LUA_OK) ? EXIT_SUCCESS : EXIT_FAILURE;
+}
+
--- /dev/null
+/*
+** $Id: lua.h,v 1.282 2011/11/29 15:55:08 roberto Exp $
+** Lua - A Scripting Language
+** Lua.org, PUC-Rio, Brazil (http://www.lua.org)
+** See Copyright Notice at the end of this file
+*/
+
+
+#ifndef lua_h
+#define lua_h
+
+#include <stdarg.h>
+#include <stddef.h>
+
+
+#include "luaconf.h"
+
+
+#define LUA_VERSION_MAJOR "5"
+#define LUA_VERSION_MINOR "2"
+#define LUA_VERSION_NUM 502
+#define LUA_VERSION_RELEASE "0"
+
+#define LUA_VERSION "Lua " LUA_VERSION_MAJOR "." LUA_VERSION_MINOR
+#define LUA_RELEASE LUA_VERSION "." LUA_VERSION_RELEASE
+#define LUA_COPYRIGHT LUA_RELEASE " Copyright (C) 1994-2011 Lua.org, PUC-Rio"
+#define LUA_AUTHORS "R. Ierusalimschy, L. H. de Figueiredo, W. Celes"
+
+
+/* mark for precompiled code ('<esc>Lua') */
+#define LUA_SIGNATURE "\033Lua"
+
+/* option for multiple returns in 'lua_pcall' and 'lua_call' */
+#define LUA_MULTRET (-1)
+
+
+/*
+** pseudo-indices
+*/
+#define LUA_REGISTRYINDEX LUAI_FIRSTPSEUDOIDX
+#define lua_upvalueindex(i) (LUA_REGISTRYINDEX - (i))
+
+
+/* thread status */
+#define LUA_OK 0
+#define LUA_YIELD 1
+#define LUA_ERRRUN 2
+#define LUA_ERRSYNTAX 3
+#define LUA_ERRMEM 4
+#define LUA_ERRGCMM 5
+#define LUA_ERRERR 6
+
+
+typedef struct lua_State lua_State;
+
+typedef int (*lua_CFunction) (lua_State *L);
+
+
+/*
+** functions that read/write blocks when loading/dumping Lua chunks
+*/
+typedef const char * (*lua_Reader) (lua_State *L, void *ud, size_t *sz);
+
+typedef int (*lua_Writer) (lua_State *L, const void* p, size_t sz, void* ud);
+
+
+/*
+** prototype for memory-allocation functions
+*/
+typedef void * (*lua_Alloc) (void *ud, void *ptr, size_t osize, size_t nsize);
+
+
+/*
+** basic types
+*/
+#define LUA_TNONE (-1)
+
+#define LUA_TNIL 0
+#define LUA_TBOOLEAN 1
+#define LUA_TLIGHTUSERDATA 2
+#define LUA_TNUMBER 3
+#define LUA_TSTRING 4
+#define LUA_TTABLE 5
+#define LUA_TFUNCTION 6
+#define LUA_TUSERDATA 7
+#define LUA_TTHREAD 8
+
+#define LUA_NUMTAGS 9
+
+
+
+/* minimum Lua stack available to a C function */
+#define LUA_MINSTACK 20
+
+
+/* predefined values in the registry */
+#define LUA_RIDX_MAINTHREAD 1
+#define LUA_RIDX_GLOBALS 2
+#define LUA_RIDX_LAST LUA_RIDX_GLOBALS
+
+
+/* type of numbers in Lua */
+typedef LUA_NUMBER lua_Number;
+
+
+/* type for integer functions */
+typedef LUA_INTEGER lua_Integer;
+
+/* unsigned integer type */
+typedef LUA_UNSIGNED lua_Unsigned;
+
+
+
+/*
+** generic extra include file
+*/
+#if defined(LUA_USER_H)
+#include LUA_USER_H
+#endif
+
+
+
+/*
+** state manipulation
+*/
+LUA_API lua_State *(lua_newstate) (lua_Alloc f, void *ud);
+LUA_API void (lua_close) (lua_State *L);
+LUA_API lua_State *(lua_newthread) (lua_State *L);
+
+LUA_API lua_CFunction (lua_atpanic) (lua_State *L, lua_CFunction panicf);
+
+
+LUA_API const lua_Number *(lua_version) (lua_State *L);
+
+
+/*
+** basic stack manipulation
+*/
+LUA_API int (lua_absindex) (lua_State *L, int idx);
+LUA_API int (lua_gettop) (lua_State *L);
+LUA_API void (lua_settop) (lua_State *L, int idx);
+LUA_API void (lua_pushvalue) (lua_State *L, int idx);
+LUA_API void (lua_remove) (lua_State *L, int idx);
+LUA_API void (lua_insert) (lua_State *L, int idx);
+LUA_API void (lua_replace) (lua_State *L, int idx);
+LUA_API void (lua_copy) (lua_State *L, int fromidx, int toidx);
+LUA_API int (lua_checkstack) (lua_State *L, int sz);
+
+LUA_API void (lua_xmove) (lua_State *from, lua_State *to, int n);
+
+
+/*
+** access functions (stack -> C)
+*/
+
+LUA_API int (lua_isnumber) (lua_State *L, int idx);
+LUA_API int (lua_isstring) (lua_State *L, int idx);
+LUA_API int (lua_iscfunction) (lua_State *L, int idx);
+LUA_API int (lua_isuserdata) (lua_State *L, int idx);
+LUA_API int (lua_type) (lua_State *L, int idx);
+LUA_API const char *(lua_typename) (lua_State *L, int tp);
+
+LUA_API lua_Number (lua_tonumberx) (lua_State *L, int idx, int *isnum);
+LUA_API lua_Integer (lua_tointegerx) (lua_State *L, int idx, int *isnum);
+LUA_API lua_Unsigned (lua_tounsignedx) (lua_State *L, int idx, int *isnum);
+LUA_API int (lua_toboolean) (lua_State *L, int idx);
+LUA_API const char *(lua_tolstring) (lua_State *L, int idx, size_t *len);
+LUA_API size_t (lua_rawlen) (lua_State *L, int idx);
+LUA_API lua_CFunction (lua_tocfunction) (lua_State *L, int idx);
+LUA_API void *(lua_touserdata) (lua_State *L, int idx);
+LUA_API lua_State *(lua_tothread) (lua_State *L, int idx);
+LUA_API const void *(lua_topointer) (lua_State *L, int idx);
+
+
+/*
+** Comparison and arithmetic functions
+*/
+
+#define LUA_OPADD 0 /* ORDER TM */
+#define LUA_OPSUB 1
+#define LUA_OPMUL 2
+#define LUA_OPDIV 3
+#define LUA_OPMOD 4
+#define LUA_OPPOW 5
+#define LUA_OPUNM 6
+
+LUA_API void (lua_arith) (lua_State *L, int op);
+
+#define LUA_OPEQ 0
+#define LUA_OPLT 1
+#define LUA_OPLE 2
+
+LUA_API int (lua_rawequal) (lua_State *L, int idx1, int idx2);
+LUA_API int (lua_compare) (lua_State *L, int idx1, int idx2, int op);
+
+
+/*
+** push functions (C -> stack)
+*/
+LUA_API void (lua_pushnil) (lua_State *L);
+LUA_API void (lua_pushnumber) (lua_State *L, lua_Number n);
+LUA_API void (lua_pushinteger) (lua_State *L, lua_Integer n);
+LUA_API void (lua_pushunsigned) (lua_State *L, lua_Unsigned n);
+LUA_API const char *(lua_pushlstring) (lua_State *L, const char *s, size_t l);
+LUA_API const char *(lua_pushstring) (lua_State *L, const char *s);
+LUA_API const char *(lua_pushvfstring) (lua_State *L, const char *fmt,
+ va_list argp);
+LUA_API const char *(lua_pushfstring) (lua_State *L, const char *fmt, ...);
+LUA_API void (lua_pushcclosure) (lua_State *L, lua_CFunction fn, int n);
+LUA_API void (lua_pushboolean) (lua_State *L, int b);
+LUA_API void (lua_pushlightuserdata) (lua_State *L, void *p);
+LUA_API int (lua_pushthread) (lua_State *L);
+
+
+/*
+** get functions (Lua -> stack)
+*/
+LUA_API void (lua_getglobal) (lua_State *L, const char *var);
+LUA_API void (lua_gettable) (lua_State *L, int idx);
+LUA_API void (lua_getfield) (lua_State *L, int idx, const char *k);
+LUA_API void (lua_rawget) (lua_State *L, int idx);
+LUA_API void (lua_rawgeti) (lua_State *L, int idx, int n);
+LUA_API void (lua_rawgetp) (lua_State *L, int idx, const void *p);
+LUA_API void (lua_createtable) (lua_State *L, int narr, int nrec);
+LUA_API void *(lua_newuserdata) (lua_State *L, size_t sz);
+LUA_API int (lua_getmetatable) (lua_State *L, int objindex);
+LUA_API void (lua_getuservalue) (lua_State *L, int idx);
+
+
+/*
+** set functions (stack -> Lua)
+*/
+LUA_API void (lua_setglobal) (lua_State *L, const char *var);
+LUA_API void (lua_settable) (lua_State *L, int idx);
+LUA_API void (lua_setfield) (lua_State *L, int idx, const char *k);
+LUA_API void (lua_rawset) (lua_State *L, int idx);
+LUA_API void (lua_rawseti) (lua_State *L, int idx, int n);
+LUA_API void (lua_rawsetp) (lua_State *L, int idx, const void *p);
+LUA_API int (lua_setmetatable) (lua_State *L, int objindex);
+LUA_API void (lua_setuservalue) (lua_State *L, int idx);
+
+
+/*
+** 'load' and 'call' functions (load and run Lua code)
+*/
+LUA_API void (lua_callk) (lua_State *L, int nargs, int nresults, int ctx,
+ lua_CFunction k);
+#define lua_call(L,n,r) lua_callk(L, (n), (r), 0, NULL)
+
+LUA_API int (lua_getctx) (lua_State *L, int *ctx);
+
+LUA_API int (lua_pcallk) (lua_State *L, int nargs, int nresults, int errfunc,
+ int ctx, lua_CFunction k);
+#define lua_pcall(L,n,r,f) lua_pcallk(L, (n), (r), (f), 0, NULL)
+
+LUA_API int (lua_load) (lua_State *L, lua_Reader reader, void *dt,
+ const char *chunkname,
+ const char *mode);
+
+LUA_API int (lua_dump) (lua_State *L, lua_Writer writer, void *data);
+
+
+/*
+** coroutine functions
+*/
+LUA_API int (lua_yieldk) (lua_State *L, int nresults, int ctx,
+ lua_CFunction k);
+#define lua_yield(L,n) lua_yieldk(L, (n), 0, NULL)
+LUA_API int (lua_resume) (lua_State *L, lua_State *from, int narg);
+LUA_API int (lua_status) (lua_State *L);
+
+/*
+** garbage-collection function and options
+*/
+
+#define LUA_GCSTOP 0
+#define LUA_GCRESTART 1
+#define LUA_GCCOLLECT 2
+#define LUA_GCCOUNT 3
+#define LUA_GCCOUNTB 4
+#define LUA_GCSTEP 5
+#define LUA_GCSETPAUSE 6
+#define LUA_GCSETSTEPMUL 7
+#define LUA_GCSETMAJORINC 8
+#define LUA_GCISRUNNING 9
+#define LUA_GCGEN 10
+#define LUA_GCINC 11
+
+LUA_API int (lua_gc) (lua_State *L, int what, int data);
+
+
+/*
+** miscellaneous functions
+*/
+
+LUA_API int (lua_error) (lua_State *L);
+
+LUA_API int (lua_next) (lua_State *L, int idx);
+
+LUA_API void (lua_concat) (lua_State *L, int n);
+LUA_API void (lua_len) (lua_State *L, int idx);
+
+LUA_API lua_Alloc (lua_getallocf) (lua_State *L, void **ud);
+LUA_API void (lua_setallocf) (lua_State *L, lua_Alloc f, void *ud);
+
+
+
+/*
+** ===============================================================
+** some useful macros
+** ===============================================================
+*/
+
+#define lua_tonumber(L,i) lua_tonumberx(L,i,NULL)
+#define lua_tointeger(L,i) lua_tointegerx(L,i,NULL)
+#define lua_tounsigned(L,i) lua_tounsignedx(L,i,NULL)
+
+#define lua_pop(L,n) lua_settop(L, -(n)-1)
+
+#define lua_newtable(L) lua_createtable(L, 0, 0)
+
+#define lua_register(L,n,f) (lua_pushcfunction(L, (f)), lua_setglobal(L, (n)))
+
+#define lua_pushcfunction(L,f) lua_pushcclosure(L, (f), 0)
+
+#define lua_isfunction(L,n) (lua_type(L, (n)) == LUA_TFUNCTION)
+#define lua_istable(L,n) (lua_type(L, (n)) == LUA_TTABLE)
+#define lua_islightuserdata(L,n) (lua_type(L, (n)) == LUA_TLIGHTUSERDATA)
+#define lua_isnil(L,n) (lua_type(L, (n)) == LUA_TNIL)
+#define lua_isboolean(L,n) (lua_type(L, (n)) == LUA_TBOOLEAN)
+#define lua_isthread(L,n) (lua_type(L, (n)) == LUA_TTHREAD)
+#define lua_isnone(L,n) (lua_type(L, (n)) == LUA_TNONE)
+#define lua_isnoneornil(L, n) (lua_type(L, (n)) <= 0)
+
+#define lua_pushliteral(L, s) \
+ lua_pushlstring(L, "" s, (sizeof(s)/sizeof(char))-1)
+
+#define lua_pushglobaltable(L) \
+ lua_rawgeti(L, LUA_REGISTRYINDEX, LUA_RIDX_GLOBALS)
+
+#define lua_tostring(L,i) lua_tolstring(L, (i), NULL)
+
+
+
+/*
+** {======================================================================
+** Debug API
+** =======================================================================
+*/
+
+
+/*
+** Event codes
+*/
+#define LUA_HOOKCALL 0
+#define LUA_HOOKRET 1
+#define LUA_HOOKLINE 2
+#define LUA_HOOKCOUNT 3
+#define LUA_HOOKTAILCALL 4
+
+
+/*
+** Event masks
+*/
+#define LUA_MASKCALL (1 << LUA_HOOKCALL)
+#define LUA_MASKRET (1 << LUA_HOOKRET)
+#define LUA_MASKLINE (1 << LUA_HOOKLINE)
+#define LUA_MASKCOUNT (1 << LUA_HOOKCOUNT)
+
+typedef struct lua_Debug lua_Debug; /* activation record */
+
+
+/* Functions to be called by the debugger in specific events */
+typedef void (*lua_Hook) (lua_State *L, lua_Debug *ar);
+
+
+LUA_API int (lua_getstack) (lua_State *L, int level, lua_Debug *ar);
+LUA_API int (lua_getinfo) (lua_State *L, const char *what, lua_Debug *ar);
+LUA_API const char *(lua_getlocal) (lua_State *L, const lua_Debug *ar, int n);
+LUA_API const char *(lua_setlocal) (lua_State *L, const lua_Debug *ar, int n);
+LUA_API const char *(lua_getupvalue) (lua_State *L, int funcindex, int n);
+LUA_API const char *(lua_setupvalue) (lua_State *L, int funcindex, int n);
+
+LUA_API void *(lua_upvalueid) (lua_State *L, int fidx, int n);
+LUA_API void (lua_upvaluejoin) (lua_State *L, int fidx1, int n1,
+ int fidx2, int n2);
+
+LUA_API int (lua_sethook) (lua_State *L, lua_Hook func, int mask, int count);
+LUA_API lua_Hook (lua_gethook) (lua_State *L);
+LUA_API int (lua_gethookmask) (lua_State *L);
+LUA_API int (lua_gethookcount) (lua_State *L);
+
+
+struct lua_Debug {
+ int event;
+ const char *name; /* (n) */
+ const char *namewhat; /* (n) 'global', 'local', 'field', 'method' */
+ const char *what; /* (S) 'Lua', 'C', 'main', 'tail' */
+ const char *source; /* (S) */
+ int currentline; /* (l) */
+ int linedefined; /* (S) */
+ int lastlinedefined; /* (S) */
+ unsigned char nups; /* (u) number of upvalues */
+ unsigned char nparams;/* (u) number of parameters */
+ char isvararg; /* (u) */
+ char istailcall; /* (t) */
+ char short_src[LUA_IDSIZE]; /* (S) */
+ /* private part */
+ struct CallInfo *i_ci; /* active function */
+};
+
+/* }====================================================================== */
+
+
+/******************************************************************************
+* Copyright (C) 1994-2011 Lua.org, PUC-Rio. All rights reserved.
+*
+* Permission is hereby granted, free of charge, to any person obtaining
+* a copy of this software and associated documentation files (the
+* "Software"), to deal in the Software without restriction, including
+* without limitation the rights to use, copy, modify, merge, publish,
+* distribute, sublicense, and/or sell copies of the Software, and to
+* permit persons to whom the Software is furnished to do so, subject to
+* the following conditions:
+*
+* The above copyright notice and this permission notice shall be
+* included in all copies or substantial portions of the Software.
+*
+* THE SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED "AS IS", WITHOUT WARRANTY OF ANY KIND,
+* EXPRESS OR IMPLIED, INCLUDING BUT NOT LIMITED TO THE WARRANTIES OF
+* MERCHANTABILITY, FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE AND NONINFRINGEMENT.
+* IN NO EVENT SHALL THE AUTHORS OR COPYRIGHT HOLDERS BE LIABLE FOR ANY
+* CLAIM, DAMAGES OR OTHER LIABILITY, WHETHER IN AN ACTION OF CONTRACT,
+* TORT OR OTHERWISE, ARISING FROM, OUT OF OR IN CONNECTION WITH THE
+* SOFTWARE OR THE USE OR OTHER DEALINGS IN THE SOFTWARE.
+******************************************************************************/
+
+
+#endif
--- /dev/null
+// lua.hpp
+// Lua header files for C++
+// <<extern "C">> not supplied automatically because Lua also compiles as C++
+
+extern "C" {
+#include "lua.h"
+#include "lualib.h"
+#include "lauxlib.h"
+}
--- /dev/null
+/*
+** $Id: luac.c,v 1.69 2011/11/29 17:46:33 lhf Exp $
+** Lua compiler (saves bytecodes to files; also list bytecodes)
+** See Copyright Notice in lua.h
+*/
+
+#include <errno.h>
+#include <stdio.h>
+#include <stdlib.h>
+#include <string.h>
+
+#define luac_c
+#define LUA_CORE
+
+#include "lua.h"
+#include "lauxlib.h"
+
+#include "lobject.h"
+#include "lstate.h"
+#include "lundump.h"
+
+static void PrintFunction(const Proto* f, int full);
+#define luaU_print PrintFunction
+
+#define PROGNAME "luac" /* default program name */
+#define OUTPUT PROGNAME ".out" /* default output file */
+
+static int listing=0; /* list bytecodes? */
+static int dumping=1; /* dump bytecodes? */
+static int stripping=0; /* strip debug information? */
+static char Output[]={ OUTPUT }; /* default output file name */
+static const char* output=Output; /* actual output file name */
+static const char* progname=PROGNAME; /* actual program name */
+
+static void fatal(const char* message)
+{
+ fprintf(stderr,"%s: %s\n",progname,message);
+ exit(EXIT_FAILURE);
+}
+
+static void cannot(const char* what)
+{
+ fprintf(stderr,"%s: cannot %s %s: %s\n",progname,what,output,strerror(errno));
+ exit(EXIT_FAILURE);
+}
+
+static void usage(const char* message)
+{
+ if (*message=='-')
+ fprintf(stderr,"%s: unrecognized option " LUA_QS "\n",progname,message);
+ else
+ fprintf(stderr,"%s: %s\n",progname,message);
+ fprintf(stderr,
+ "usage: %s [options] [filenames]\n"
+ "Available options are:\n"
+ " -l list (use -l -l for full listing)\n"
+ " -o name output to file " LUA_QL("name") " (default is \"%s\")\n"
+ " -p parse only\n"
+ " -s strip debug information\n"
+ " -v show version information\n"
+ " -- stop handling options\n"
+ " - stop handling options and process stdin\n"
+ ,progname,Output);
+ exit(EXIT_FAILURE);
+}
+
+#define IS(s) (strcmp(argv[i],s)==0)
+
+static int doargs(int argc, char* argv[])
+{
+ int i;
+ int version=0;
+ if (argv[0]!=NULL && *argv[0]!=0) progname=argv[0];
+ for (i=1; i<argc; i++)
+ {
+ if (*argv[i]!='-') /* end of options; keep it */
+ break;
+ else if (IS("--")) /* end of options; skip it */
+ {
+ ++i;
+ if (version) ++version;
+ break;
+ }
+ else if (IS("-")) /* end of options; use stdin */
+ break;
+ else if (IS("-l")) /* list */
+ ++listing;
+ else if (IS("-o")) /* output file */
+ {
+ output=argv[++i];
+ if (output==NULL || *output==0 || (*output=='-' && output[1]!=0))
+ usage(LUA_QL("-o") " needs argument");
+ if (IS("-")) output=NULL;
+ }
+ else if (IS("-p")) /* parse only */
+ dumping=0;
+ else if (IS("-s")) /* strip debug information */
+ stripping=1;
+ else if (IS("-v")) /* show version */
+ ++version;
+ else /* unknown option */
+ usage(argv[i]);
+ }
+ if (i==argc && (listing || !dumping))
+ {
+ dumping=0;
+ argv[--i]=Output;
+ }
+ if (version)
+ {
+ printf("%s\n",LUA_COPYRIGHT);
+ if (version==argc-1) exit(EXIT_SUCCESS);
+ }
+ return i;
+}
+
+#define FUNCTION "(function()end)();"
+
+static const char* reader(lua_State *L, void *ud, size_t *size)
+{
+ UNUSED(L);
+ if ((*(int*)ud)--)
+ {
+ *size=sizeof(FUNCTION)-1;
+ return FUNCTION;
+ }
+ else
+ {
+ *size=0;
+ return NULL;
+ }
+}
+
+#define toproto(L,i) getproto(L->top+(i))
+
+static const Proto* combine(lua_State* L, int n)
+{
+ if (n==1)
+ return toproto(L,-1);
+ else
+ {
+ Proto* f;
+ int i=n;
+ if (lua_load(L,reader,&i,"=(" PROGNAME ")",NULL)!=LUA_OK) fatal(lua_tostring(L,-1));
+ f=toproto(L,-1);
+ for (i=0; i<n; i++)
+ {
+ f->p[i]=toproto(L,i-n-1);
+ if (f->p[i]->sizeupvalues>0) f->p[i]->upvalues[0].instack=0;
+ }
+ f->sizelineinfo=0;
+ return f;
+ }
+}
+
+static int writer(lua_State* L, const void* p, size_t size, void* u)
+{
+ UNUSED(L);
+ return (fwrite(p,size,1,(FILE*)u)!=1) && (size!=0);
+}
+
+static int pmain(lua_State* L)
+{
+ int argc=(int)lua_tointeger(L,1);
+ char** argv=(char**)lua_touserdata(L,2);
+ const Proto* f;
+ int i;
+ if (!lua_checkstack(L,argc)) fatal("too many input files");
+ for (i=0; i<argc; i++)
+ {
+ const char* filename=IS("-") ? NULL : argv[i];
+ if (luaL_loadfile(L,filename)!=LUA_OK) fatal(lua_tostring(L,-1));
+ }
+ f=combine(L,argc);
+ if (listing) luaU_print(f,listing>1);
+ if (dumping)
+ {
+ FILE* D= (output==NULL) ? stdout : fopen(output,"wb");
+ if (D==NULL) cannot("open");
+ lua_lock(L);
+ luaU_dump(L,f,writer,D,stripping);
+ lua_unlock(L);
+ if (ferror(D)) cannot("write");
+ if (fclose(D)) cannot("close");
+ }
+ return 0;
+}
+
+int main(int argc, char* argv[])
+{
+ lua_State* L;
+ int i=doargs(argc,argv);
+ argc-=i; argv+=i;
+ if (argc<=0) usage("no input files given");
+ L=luaL_newstate();
+ if (L==NULL) fatal("cannot create state: not enough memory");
+ lua_pushcfunction(L,&pmain);
+ lua_pushinteger(L,argc);
+ lua_pushlightuserdata(L,argv);
+ if (lua_pcall(L,2,0,0)!=LUA_OK) fatal(lua_tostring(L,-1));
+ lua_close(L);
+ return EXIT_SUCCESS;
+}
+
+/*
+** $Id: print.c,v 1.68 2011/09/30 10:21:20 lhf Exp $
+** print bytecodes
+** See Copyright Notice in lua.h
+*/
+
+#include <ctype.h>
+#include <stdio.h>
+
+#define luac_c
+#define LUA_CORE
+
+#include "ldebug.h"
+#include "lobject.h"
+#include "lopcodes.h"
+
+#define VOID(p) ((const void*)(p))
+
+static void PrintString(const TString* ts)
+{
+ const char* s=getstr(ts);
+ size_t i,n=ts->tsv.len;
+ printf("%c",'"');
+ for (i=0; i<n; i++)
+ {
+ int c=(int)(unsigned char)s[i];
+ switch (c)
+ {
+ case '"': printf("\\\""); break;
+ case '\\': printf("\\\\"); break;
+ case '\a': printf("\\a"); break;
+ case '\b': printf("\\b"); break;
+ case '\f': printf("\\f"); break;
+ case '\n': printf("\\n"); break;
+ case '\r': printf("\\r"); break;
+ case '\t': printf("\\t"); break;
+ case '\v': printf("\\v"); break;
+ default: if (isprint(c))
+ printf("%c",c);
+ else
+ printf("\\%03d",c);
+ }
+ }
+ printf("%c",'"');
+}
+
+static void PrintConstant(const Proto* f, int i)
+{
+ const TValue* o=&f->k[i];
+ switch (ttype(o))
+ {
+ case LUA_TNIL:
+ printf("nil");
+ break;
+ case LUA_TBOOLEAN:
+ printf(bvalue(o) ? "true" : "false");
+ break;
+ case LUA_TNUMBER:
+ printf(LUA_NUMBER_FMT,nvalue(o));
+ break;
+ case LUA_TSTRING:
+ PrintString(rawtsvalue(o));
+ break;
+ default: /* cannot happen */
+ printf("? type=%d",ttype(o));
+ break;
+ }
+}
+
+#define UPVALNAME(x) ((f->upvalues[x].name) ? getstr(f->upvalues[x].name) : "-")
+#define MYK(x) (-1-(x))
+
+static void PrintCode(const Proto* f)
+{
+ const Instruction* code=f->code;
+ int pc,n=f->sizecode;
+ for (pc=0; pc<n; pc++)
+ {
+ Instruction i=code[pc];
+ OpCode o=GET_OPCODE(i);
+ int a=GETARG_A(i);
+ int b=GETARG_B(i);
+ int c=GETARG_C(i);
+ int ax=GETARG_Ax(i);
+ int bx=GETARG_Bx(i);
+ int sbx=GETARG_sBx(i);
+ int line=getfuncline(f,pc);
+ printf("\t%d\t",pc+1);
+ if (line>0) printf("[%d]\t",line); else printf("[-]\t");
+ printf("%-9s\t",luaP_opnames[o]);
+ switch (getOpMode(o))
+ {
+ case iABC:
+ printf("%d",a);
+ if (getBMode(o)!=OpArgN) printf(" %d",ISK(b) ? (MYK(INDEXK(b))) : b);
+ if (getCMode(o)!=OpArgN) printf(" %d",ISK(c) ? (MYK(INDEXK(c))) : c);
+ break;
+ case iABx:
+ printf("%d",a);
+ if (getBMode(o)==OpArgK) printf(" %d",MYK(bx));
+ if (getBMode(o)==OpArgU) printf(" %d",bx);
+ break;
+ case iAsBx:
+ printf("%d %d",a,sbx);
+ break;
+ case iAx:
+ printf("%d",MYK(ax));
+ break;
+ }
+ switch (o)
+ {
+ case OP_LOADK:
+ printf("\t; "); PrintConstant(f,bx);
+ break;
+ case OP_GETUPVAL:
+ case OP_SETUPVAL:
+ printf("\t; %s",UPVALNAME(b));
+ break;
+ case OP_GETTABUP:
+ printf("\t; %s",UPVALNAME(b));
+ if (ISK(c)) { printf(" "); PrintConstant(f,INDEXK(c)); }
+ break;
+ case OP_SETTABUP:
+ printf("\t; %s",UPVALNAME(a));
+ if (ISK(b)) { printf(" "); PrintConstant(f,INDEXK(b)); }
+ if (ISK(c)) { printf(" "); PrintConstant(f,INDEXK(c)); }
+ break;
+ case OP_GETTABLE:
+ case OP_SELF:
+ if (ISK(c)) { printf("\t; "); PrintConstant(f,INDEXK(c)); }
+ break;
+ case OP_SETTABLE:
+ case OP_ADD:
+ case OP_SUB:
+ case OP_MUL:
+ case OP_DIV:
+ case OP_POW:
+ case OP_EQ:
+ case OP_LT:
+ case OP_LE:
+ if (ISK(b) || ISK(c))
+ {
+ printf("\t; ");
+ if (ISK(b)) PrintConstant(f,INDEXK(b)); else printf("-");
+ printf(" ");
+ if (ISK(c)) PrintConstant(f,INDEXK(c)); else printf("-");
+ }
+ break;
+ case OP_JMP:
+ case OP_FORLOOP:
+ case OP_FORPREP:
+ case OP_TFORLOOP:
+ printf("\t; to %d",sbx+pc+2);
+ break;
+ case OP_CLOSURE:
+ printf("\t; %p",VOID(f->p[bx]));
+ break;
+ case OP_SETLIST:
+ if (c==0) printf("\t; %d",(int)code[++pc]); else printf("\t; %d",c);
+ break;
+ case OP_EXTRAARG:
+ printf("\t; "); PrintConstant(f,ax);
+ break;
+ default:
+ break;
+ }
+ printf("\n");
+ }
+}
+
+#define SS(x) ((x==1)?"":"s")
+#define S(x) (int)(x),SS(x)
+
+static void PrintHeader(const Proto* f)
+{
+ const char* s=f->source ? getstr(f->source) : "=?";
+ if (*s=='@' || *s=='=')
+ s++;
+ else if (*s==LUA_SIGNATURE[0])
+ s="(bstring)";
+ else
+ s="(string)";
+ printf("\n%s <%s:%d,%d> (%d instruction%s at %p)\n",
+ (f->linedefined==0)?"main":"function",s,
+ f->linedefined,f->lastlinedefined,
+ S(f->sizecode),VOID(f));
+ printf("%d%s param%s, %d slot%s, %d upvalue%s, ",
+ (int)(f->numparams),f->is_vararg?"+":"",SS(f->numparams),
+ S(f->maxstacksize),S(f->sizeupvalues));
+ printf("%d local%s, %d constant%s, %d function%s\n",
+ S(f->sizelocvars),S(f->sizek),S(f->sizep));
+}
+
+static void PrintDebug(const Proto* f)
+{
+ int i,n;
+ n=f->sizek;
+ printf("constants (%d) for %p:\n",n,VOID(f));
+ for (i=0; i<n; i++)
+ {
+ printf("\t%d\t",i+1);
+ PrintConstant(f,i);
+ printf("\n");
+ }
+ n=f->sizelocvars;
+ printf("locals (%d) for %p:\n",n,VOID(f));
+ for (i=0; i<n; i++)
+ {
+ printf("\t%d\t%s\t%d\t%d\n",
+ i,getstr(f->locvars[i].varname),f->locvars[i].startpc+1,f->locvars[i].endpc+1);
+ }
+ n=f->sizeupvalues;
+ printf("upvalues (%d) for %p:\n",n,VOID(f));
+ for (i=0; i<n; i++)
+ {
+ printf("\t%d\t%s\t%d\t%d\n",
+ i,UPVALNAME(i),f->upvalues[i].instack,f->upvalues[i].idx);
+ }
+}
+
+static void PrintFunction(const Proto* f, int full)
+{
+ int i,n=f->sizep;
+ PrintHeader(f);
+ PrintCode(f);
+ if (full) PrintDebug(f);
+ for (i=0; i<n; i++) PrintFunction(f->p[i],full);
+}
--- /dev/null
+/*
+** $Id: luaconf.h,v 1.170 2011/12/06 16:58:36 roberto Exp $
+** Configuration file for Lua
+** See Copyright Notice in lua.h
+*/
+
+
+#ifndef lconfig_h
+#define lconfig_h
+
+#include <limits.h>
+#include <stddef.h>
+
+
+/*
+** ==================================================================
+** Search for "@@" to find all configurable definitions.
+** ===================================================================
+*/
+
+
+/*
+@@ LUA_ANSI controls the use of non-ansi features.
+** CHANGE it (define it) if you want Lua to avoid the use of any
+** non-ansi feature or library.
+*/
+#if !defined(LUA_ANSI) && defined(__STRICT_ANSI__)
+#define LUA_ANSI
+#endif
+
+
+#if !defined(LUA_ANSI) && defined(_WIN32) && !defined(_WIN32_WCE)
+#define LUA_WIN /* enable goodies for regular Windows platforms */
+#endif
+
+#if defined(LUA_WIN)
+#define LUA_DL_DLL
+#define LUA_USE_AFORMAT /* assume 'printf' handles 'aA' specifiers */
+#endif
+
+
+
+#if defined(LUA_USE_LINUX)
+#define LUA_USE_POSIX
+#define LUA_USE_DLOPEN /* needs an extra library: -ldl */
+#define LUA_USE_READLINE /* needs some extra libraries */
+#define LUA_USE_STRTODHEX /* assume 'strtod' handles hexa formats */
+#define LUA_USE_AFORMAT /* assume 'printf' handles 'aA' specifiers */
+#define LUA_USE_LONGLONG /* assume support for long long */
+#endif
+
+#if defined(LUA_USE_MACOSX)
+#define LUA_USE_POSIX
+#define LUA_USE_DLOPEN /* does not need -ldl */
+#define LUA_USE_READLINE /* needs an extra library: -lreadline */
+#define LUA_USE_STRTODHEX /* assume 'strtod' handles hexa formats */
+#define LUA_USE_AFORMAT /* assume 'printf' handles 'aA' specifiers */
+#define LUA_USE_LONGLONG /* assume support for long long */
+#endif
+
+
+
+/*
+@@ LUA_USE_POSIX includes all functionality listed as X/Open System
+@* Interfaces Extension (XSI).
+** CHANGE it (define it) if your system is XSI compatible.
+*/
+#if defined(LUA_USE_POSIX)
+#define LUA_USE_MKSTEMP
+#define LUA_USE_ISATTY
+#define LUA_USE_POPEN
+#define LUA_USE_ULONGJMP
+#define LUA_USE_GMTIME_R
+#endif
+
+
+
+/*
+@@ LUA_PATH_DEFAULT is the default path that Lua uses to look for
+@* Lua libraries.
+@@ LUA_CPATH_DEFAULT is the default path that Lua uses to look for
+@* C libraries.
+** CHANGE them if your machine has a non-conventional directory
+** hierarchy or if you want to install your libraries in
+** non-conventional directories.
+*/
+#if defined(_WIN32) /* { */
+/*
+** In Windows, any exclamation mark ('!') in the path is replaced by the
+** path of the directory of the executable file of the current process.
+*/
+#define LUA_LDIR "!\\lua\\"
+#define LUA_CDIR "!\\"
+#define LUA_PATH_DEFAULT \
+ LUA_LDIR"?.lua;" LUA_LDIR"?\\init.lua;" \
+ LUA_CDIR"?.lua;" LUA_CDIR"?\\init.lua;" ".\\?.lua"
+#define LUA_CPATH_DEFAULT \
+ LUA_CDIR"?.dll;" LUA_CDIR"loadall.dll;" ".\\?.dll"
+
+#else /* }{ */
+
+#define LUA_VDIR LUA_VERSION_MAJOR "." LUA_VERSION_MINOR "/"
+#define LUA_ROOT "/usr/local/"
+#define LUA_LDIR LUA_ROOT "share/lua/" LUA_VDIR
+#define LUA_CDIR LUA_ROOT "lib/lua/" LUA_VDIR
+#define LUA_PATH_DEFAULT \
+ LUA_LDIR"?.lua;" LUA_LDIR"?/init.lua;" \
+ LUA_CDIR"?.lua;" LUA_CDIR"?/init.lua;" "./?.lua"
+#define LUA_CPATH_DEFAULT \
+ LUA_CDIR"?.so;" LUA_CDIR"loadall.so;" "./?.so"
+#endif /* } */
+
+
+/*
+@@ LUA_DIRSEP is the directory separator (for submodules).
+** CHANGE it if your machine does not use "/" as the directory separator
+** and is not Windows. (On Windows Lua automatically uses "\".)
+*/
+#if defined(_WIN32)
+#define LUA_DIRSEP "\\"
+#else
+#define LUA_DIRSEP "/"
+#endif
+
+
+/*
+@@ LUA_ENV is the name of the variable that holds the current
+@@ environment, used to access global names.
+** CHANGE it if you do not like this name.
+*/
+#define LUA_ENV "_ENV"
+
+
+/*
+@@ LUA_API is a mark for all core API functions.
+@@ LUALIB_API is a mark for all auxiliary library functions.
+@@ LUAMOD_API is a mark for all standard library opening functions.
+** CHANGE them if you need to define those functions in some special way.
+** For instance, if you want to create one Windows DLL with the core and
+** the libraries, you may want to use the following definition (define
+** LUA_BUILD_AS_DLL to get it).
+*/
+#if defined(LUA_BUILD_AS_DLL) /* { */
+
+#if defined(LUA_CORE) || defined(LUA_LIB) /* { */
+#define LUA_API __declspec(dllexport)
+#else /* }{ */
+#define LUA_API __declspec(dllimport)
+#endif /* } */
+
+#else /* }{ */
+
+#define LUA_API extern
+
+#endif /* } */
+
+
+/* more often than not the libs go together with the core */
+#define LUALIB_API LUA_API
+#define LUAMOD_API LUALIB_API
+
+
+/*
+@@ LUAI_FUNC is a mark for all extern functions that are not to be
+@* exported to outside modules.
+@@ LUAI_DDEF and LUAI_DDEC are marks for all extern (const) variables
+@* that are not to be exported to outside modules (LUAI_DDEF for
+@* definitions and LUAI_DDEC for declarations).
+** CHANGE them if you need to mark them in some special way. Elf/gcc
+** (versions 3.2 and later) mark them as "hidden" to optimize access
+** when Lua is compiled as a shared library. Not all elf targets support
+** this attribute. Unfortunately, gcc does not offer a way to check
+** whether the target offers that support, and those without support
+** give a warning about it. To avoid these warnings, change to the
+** default definition.
+*/
+#if defined(__GNUC__) && ((__GNUC__*100 + __GNUC_MINOR__) >= 302) && \
+ defined(__ELF__) /* { */
+#define LUAI_FUNC __attribute__((visibility("hidden"))) extern
+#define LUAI_DDEC LUAI_FUNC
+#define LUAI_DDEF /* empty */
+
+#else /* }{ */
+#define LUAI_FUNC extern
+#define LUAI_DDEC extern
+#define LUAI_DDEF /* empty */
+#endif /* } */
+
+
+
+/*
+@@ LUA_QL describes how error messages quote program elements.
+** CHANGE it if you want a different appearance.
+*/
+#define LUA_QL(x) "'" x "'"
+#define LUA_QS LUA_QL("%s")
+
+
+/*
+@@ LUA_IDSIZE gives the maximum size for the description of the source
+@* of a function in debug information.
+** CHANGE it if you want a different size.
+*/
+#define LUA_IDSIZE 60
+
+
+/*
+@@ luai_writestring/luai_writeline define how 'print' prints its results.
+** They are only used in libraries and the stand-alone program. (The #if
+** avoids including 'stdio.h' everywhere.)
+*/
+#if defined(LUA_LIB) || defined(lua_c)
+#include <stdio.h>
+#define luai_writestring(s,l) fwrite((s), sizeof(char), (l), stdout)
+#define luai_writeline() (luai_writestring("\n", 1), fflush(stdout))
+#endif
+
+/*
+@@ luai_writestringerror defines how to print error messages.
+** (A format string with one argument is enough for Lua...)
+*/
+#define luai_writestringerror(s,p) \
+ (fprintf(stderr, (s), (p)), fflush(stderr))
+
+
+
+
+
+/*
+** {==================================================================
+** Compatibility with previous versions
+** ===================================================================
+*/
+
+/*
+@@ LUA_COMPAT_ALL controls all compatibility options.
+** You can define it to get all options, or change specific options
+** to fit your specific needs.
+*/
+#if defined(LUA_COMPAT_ALL) /* { */
+
+/*
+@@ LUA_COMPAT_UNPACK controls the presence of global 'unpack'.
+** You can replace it with 'table.unpack'.
+*/
+#define LUA_COMPAT_UNPACK
+
+/*
+@@ LUA_COMPAT_LOADERS controls the presence of table 'package.loaders'.
+** You can replace it with 'package.searchers'.
+*/
+#define LUA_COMPAT_LOADERS
+
+/*
+@@ macro 'lua_cpcall' emulates deprecated function lua_cpcall.
+** You can call your C function directly (with light C functions).
+*/
+#define lua_cpcall(L,f,u) \
+ (lua_pushcfunction(L, (f)), \
+ lua_pushlightuserdata(L,(u)), \
+ lua_pcall(L,1,0,0))
+
+
+/*
+@@ LUA_COMPAT_LOG10 defines the function 'log10' in the math library.
+** You can rewrite 'log10(x)' as 'log(x, 10)'.
+*/
+#define LUA_COMPAT_LOG10
+
+/*
+@@ LUA_COMPAT_LOADSTRING defines the function 'loadstring' in the base
+** library. You can rewrite 'loadstring(s)' as 'load(s)'.
+*/
+#define LUA_COMPAT_LOADSTRING
+
+/*
+@@ LUA_COMPAT_MAXN defines the function 'maxn' in the table library.
+*/
+#define LUA_COMPAT_MAXN
+
+/*
+@@ The following macros supply trivial compatibility for some
+** changes in the API. The macros themselves document how to
+** change your code to avoid using them.
+*/
+#define lua_strlen(L,i) lua_rawlen(L, (i))
+
+#define lua_objlen(L,i) lua_rawlen(L, (i))
+
+#define lua_equal(L,idx1,idx2) lua_compare(L,(idx1),(idx2),LUA_OPEQ)
+#define lua_lessthan(L,idx1,idx2) lua_compare(L,(idx1),(idx2),LUA_OPLT)
+
+/*
+@@ LUA_COMPAT_MODULE controls compatibility with previous
+** module functions 'module' (Lua) and 'luaL_register' (C).
+*/
+#define LUA_COMPAT_MODULE
+
+#endif /* } */
+
+/* }================================================================== */
+
+
+
+/*
+@@ LUAI_BITSINT defines the number of bits in an int.
+** CHANGE here if Lua cannot automatically detect the number of bits of
+** your machine. Probably you do not need to change this.
+*/
+/* avoid overflows in comparison */
+#if INT_MAX-20 < 32760 /* { */
+#define LUAI_BITSINT 16
+#elif INT_MAX > 2147483640L /* }{ */
+/* int has at least 32 bits */
+#define LUAI_BITSINT 32
+#else /* }{ */
+#error "you must define LUA_BITSINT with number of bits in an integer"
+#endif /* } */
+
+
+/*
+@@ LUA_INT32 is an signed integer with exactly 32 bits.
+@@ LUAI_UMEM is an unsigned integer big enough to count the total
+@* memory used by Lua.
+@@ LUAI_MEM is a signed integer big enough to count the total memory
+@* used by Lua.
+** CHANGE here if for some weird reason the default definitions are not
+** good enough for your machine. Probably you do not need to change
+** this.
+*/
+#if LUAI_BITSINT >= 32 /* { */
+#define LUA_INT32 int
+#define LUAI_UMEM size_t
+#define LUAI_MEM ptrdiff_t
+#else /* }{ */
+/* 16-bit ints */
+#define LUA_INT32 long
+#define LUAI_UMEM unsigned long
+#define LUAI_MEM long
+#endif /* } */
+
+
+/*
+@@ LUAI_MAXSTACK limits the size of the Lua stack.
+** CHANGE it if you need a different limit. This limit is arbitrary;
+** its only purpose is to stop Lua to consume unlimited stack
+** space (and to reserve some numbers for pseudo-indices).
+*/
+#if LUAI_BITSINT >= 32
+#define LUAI_MAXSTACK 1000000
+#else
+#define LUAI_MAXSTACK 15000
+#endif
+
+/* reserve some space for error handling */
+#define LUAI_FIRSTPSEUDOIDX (-LUAI_MAXSTACK - 1000)
+
+
+
+
+/*
+@@ LUAL_BUFFERSIZE is the buffer size used by the lauxlib buffer system.
+** CHANGE it if it uses too much C-stack space.
+*/
+#define LUAL_BUFFERSIZE BUFSIZ
+
+
+
+
+/*
+** {==================================================================
+@@ LUA_NUMBER is the type of numbers in Lua.
+** CHANGE the following definitions only if you want to build Lua
+** with a number type different from double. You may also need to
+** change lua_number2int & lua_number2integer.
+** ===================================================================
+*/
+
+#define LUA_NUMBER_DOUBLE
+#define LUA_NUMBER double
+
+/*
+@@ LUAI_UACNUMBER is the result of an 'usual argument conversion'
+@* over a number.
+*/
+#define LUAI_UACNUMBER double
+
+
+/*
+@@ LUA_NUMBER_SCAN is the format for reading numbers.
+@@ LUA_NUMBER_FMT is the format for writing numbers.
+@@ lua_number2str converts a number to a string.
+@@ LUAI_MAXNUMBER2STR is maximum size of previous conversion.
+*/
+#define LUA_NUMBER_SCAN "%lf"
+#define LUA_NUMBER_FMT "%.14g"
+#define lua_number2str(s,n) sprintf((s), LUA_NUMBER_FMT, (n))
+#define LUAI_MAXNUMBER2STR 32 /* 16 digits, sign, point, and \0 */
+
+
+/*
+@@ lua_str2number converts a decimal numeric string to a number.
+@@ lua_strx2number converts an hexadecimal numeric string to a number.
+** In C99, 'strtod' do both conversions. C89, however, has no function
+** to convert floating hexadecimal strings to numbers. For these
+** systems, you can leave 'lua_strx2number' undefined and Lua will
+** provide its own implementation.
+*/
+#define lua_str2number(s,p) strtod((s), (p))
+
+#if defined(LUA_USE_STRTODHEX)
+#define lua_strx2number(s,p) strtod((s), (p))
+#endif
+
+
+/*
+@@ The luai_num* macros define the primitive operations over numbers.
+*/
+
+/* the following operations need the math library */
+#if defined(lobject_c) || defined(lvm_c)
+#include <math.h>
+#define luai_nummod(L,a,b) ((a) - floor((a)/(b))*(b))
+#define luai_numpow(L,a,b) (pow(a,b))
+#endif
+
+/* these are quite standard operations */
+#if defined(LUA_CORE)
+#define luai_numadd(L,a,b) ((a)+(b))
+#define luai_numsub(L,a,b) ((a)-(b))
+#define luai_nummul(L,a,b) ((a)*(b))
+#define luai_numdiv(L,a,b) ((a)/(b))
+#define luai_numunm(L,a) (-(a))
+#define luai_numeq(a,b) ((a)==(b))
+#define luai_numlt(L,a,b) ((a)<(b))
+#define luai_numle(L,a,b) ((a)<=(b))
+#define luai_numisnan(L,a) (!luai_numeq((a), (a)))
+#endif
+
+
+
+/*
+@@ LUA_INTEGER is the integral type used by lua_pushinteger/lua_tointeger.
+** CHANGE that if ptrdiff_t is not adequate on your machine. (On most
+** machines, ptrdiff_t gives a good choice between int or long.)
+*/
+#define LUA_INTEGER ptrdiff_t
+
+/*
+@@ LUA_UNSIGNED is the integral type used by lua_pushunsigned/lua_tounsigned.
+** It must have at least 32 bits.
+*/
+#define LUA_UNSIGNED unsigned LUA_INT32
+
+
+#if defined(LUA_CORE) /* { */
+
+#if defined(LUA_NUMBER_DOUBLE) && !defined(LUA_ANSI) /* { */
+
+/* On a Microsoft compiler on a Pentium, use assembler to avoid clashes
+ with a DirectX idiosyncrasy */
+#if defined(LUA_WIN) && defined(_MSC_VER) && defined(_M_IX86) /* { */
+
+#define MS_ASMTRICK
+
+#else /* }{ */
+/* the next definition uses a trick that should work on any machine
+ using IEEE754 with a 32-bit integer type */
+
+#define LUA_IEEE754TRICK
+
+/*
+@@ LUA_IEEEENDIAN is the endianness of doubles in your machine
+** (0 for little endian, 1 for big endian); if not defined, Lua will
+** check it dynamically.
+*/
+/* check for known architectures */
+#if defined(__i386__) || defined(__i386) || defined(__X86__) || \
+ defined (__x86_64)
+#define LUA_IEEEENDIAN 0
+#elif defined(__POWERPC__) || defined(__ppc__)
+#define LUA_IEEEENDIAN 1
+#endif
+
+#endif /* } */
+
+#endif /* } */
+
+#endif /* } */
+
+/* }================================================================== */
+
+
+/*
+@@ LUA_NANTRICK_LE/LUA_NANTRICK_BE controls the use of a trick to
+** pack all types into a single double value, using NaN values to
+** represent non-number values. The trick only works on 32-bit machines
+** (ints and pointers are 32-bit values) with numbers represented as
+** IEEE 754-2008 doubles with conventional endianess (12345678 or
+** 87654321), in CPUs that do not produce signaling NaN values (all NaNs
+** are quiet).
+*/
+#if defined(LUA_CORE) && \
+ defined(LUA_NUMBER_DOUBLE) && !defined(LUA_ANSI) /* { */
+
+/* little-endian architectures that satisfy those conditions */
+#if defined(__i386__) || defined(__i386) || defined(__X86__) || \
+ defined(_M_IX86)
+
+#define LUA_NANTRICK_LE
+
+#endif
+
+#endif /* } */
+
+
+
+
+/* =================================================================== */
+
+/*
+** Local configuration. You can use this space to add your redefinitions
+** without modifying the main part of the file.
+*/
+
+
+
+#endif
+
--- /dev/null
+/*
+** $Id: lualib.h,v 1.43 2011/12/08 12:11:37 roberto Exp $
+** Lua standard libraries
+** See Copyright Notice in lua.h
+*/
+
+
+#ifndef lualib_h
+#define lualib_h
+
+#include "lua.h"
+
+
+
+LUAMOD_API int (luaopen_base) (lua_State *L);
+
+#define LUA_COLIBNAME "coroutine"
+LUAMOD_API int (luaopen_coroutine) (lua_State *L);
+
+#define LUA_TABLIBNAME "table"
+LUAMOD_API int (luaopen_table) (lua_State *L);
+
+#define LUA_IOLIBNAME "io"
+LUAMOD_API int (luaopen_io) (lua_State *L);
+
+#define LUA_OSLIBNAME "os"
+LUAMOD_API int (luaopen_os) (lua_State *L);
+
+#define LUA_STRLIBNAME "string"
+LUAMOD_API int (luaopen_string) (lua_State *L);
+
+#define LUA_BITLIBNAME "bit32"
+LUAMOD_API int (luaopen_bit32) (lua_State *L);
+
+#define LUA_MATHLIBNAME "math"
+LUAMOD_API int (luaopen_math) (lua_State *L);
+
+#define LUA_DBLIBNAME "debug"
+LUAMOD_API int (luaopen_debug) (lua_State *L);
+
+#define LUA_LOADLIBNAME "package"
+LUAMOD_API int (luaopen_package) (lua_State *L);
+
+
+/* open all previous libraries */
+LUALIB_API void (luaL_openlibs) (lua_State *L);
+
+
+
+#if !defined(lua_assert)
+#define lua_assert(x) ((void)0)
+#endif
+
+
+#endif
--- /dev/null
+/*
+** $Id: lundump.c,v 1.71 2011/12/07 10:39:12 lhf Exp $
+** load precompiled Lua chunks
+** See Copyright Notice in lua.h
+*/
+
+#include <string.h>
+
+#define lundump_c
+#define LUA_CORE
+
+#include "lua.h"
+
+#include "ldebug.h"
+#include "ldo.h"
+#include "lfunc.h"
+#include "lmem.h"
+#include "lobject.h"
+#include "lstring.h"
+#include "lundump.h"
+#include "lzio.h"
+
+typedef struct {
+ lua_State* L;
+ ZIO* Z;
+ Mbuffer* b;
+ const char* name;
+} LoadState;
+
+static void error(LoadState* S, const char* why)
+{
+ luaO_pushfstring(S->L,"%s: %s precompiled chunk",S->name,why);
+ luaD_throw(S->L,LUA_ERRSYNTAX);
+}
+
+#define LoadMem(S,b,n,size) LoadBlock(S,b,(n)*(size))
+#define LoadByte(S) (lu_byte)LoadChar(S)
+#define LoadVar(S,x) LoadMem(S,&x,1,sizeof(x))
+#define LoadVector(S,b,n,size) LoadMem(S,b,n,size)
+
+#if !defined(luai_verifycode)
+#define luai_verifycode(L,b,f) (f)
+#endif
+
+static void LoadBlock(LoadState* S, void* b, size_t size)
+{
+ if (luaZ_read(S->Z,b,size)!=0) error(S,"truncated");
+}
+
+static int LoadChar(LoadState* S)
+{
+ char x;
+ LoadVar(S,x);
+ return x;
+}
+
+static int LoadInt(LoadState* S)
+{
+ int x;
+ LoadVar(S,x);
+ if (x<0) error(S,"corrupted");
+ return x;
+}
+
+static lua_Number LoadNumber(LoadState* S)
+{
+ lua_Number x;
+ LoadVar(S,x);
+ return x;
+}
+
+static TString* LoadString(LoadState* S)
+{
+ size_t size;
+ LoadVar(S,size);
+ if (size==0)
+ return NULL;
+ else
+ {
+ char* s=luaZ_openspace(S->L,S->b,size);
+ LoadBlock(S,s,size*sizeof(char));
+ return luaS_newlstr(S->L,s,size-1); /* remove trailing '\0' */
+ }
+}
+
+static void LoadCode(LoadState* S, Proto* f)
+{
+ int n=LoadInt(S);
+ f->code=luaM_newvector(S->L,n,Instruction);
+ f->sizecode=n;
+ LoadVector(S,f->code,n,sizeof(Instruction));
+}
+
+static Proto* LoadFunction(LoadState* S);
+
+static void LoadConstants(LoadState* S, Proto* f)
+{
+ int i,n;
+ n=LoadInt(S);
+ f->k=luaM_newvector(S->L,n,TValue);
+ f->sizek=n;
+ for (i=0; i<n; i++) setnilvalue(&f->k[i]);
+ for (i=0; i<n; i++)
+ {
+ TValue* o=&f->k[i];
+ int t=LoadChar(S);
+ switch (t)
+ {
+ case LUA_TNIL:
+ setnilvalue(o);
+ break;
+ case LUA_TBOOLEAN:
+ setbvalue(o,LoadChar(S));
+ break;
+ case LUA_TNUMBER:
+ setnvalue(o,LoadNumber(S));
+ break;
+ case LUA_TSTRING:
+ setsvalue2n(S->L,o,LoadString(S));
+ break;
+ }
+ }
+ n=LoadInt(S);
+ f->p=luaM_newvector(S->L,n,Proto*);
+ f->sizep=n;
+ for (i=0; i<n; i++) f->p[i]=NULL;
+ for (i=0; i<n; i++) f->p[i]=LoadFunction(S);
+}
+
+static void LoadUpvalues(LoadState* S, Proto* f)
+{
+ int i,n;
+ n=LoadInt(S);
+ f->upvalues=luaM_newvector(S->L,n,Upvaldesc);
+ f->sizeupvalues=n;
+ for (i=0; i<n; i++) f->upvalues[i].name=NULL;
+ for (i=0; i<n; i++)
+ {
+ f->upvalues[i].instack=LoadByte(S);
+ f->upvalues[i].idx=LoadByte(S);
+ }
+}
+
+static void LoadDebug(LoadState* S, Proto* f)
+{
+ int i,n;
+ f->source=LoadString(S);
+ n=LoadInt(S);
+ f->lineinfo=luaM_newvector(S->L,n,int);
+ f->sizelineinfo=n;
+ LoadVector(S,f->lineinfo,n,sizeof(int));
+ n=LoadInt(S);
+ f->locvars=luaM_newvector(S->L,n,LocVar);
+ f->sizelocvars=n;
+ for (i=0; i<n; i++) f->locvars[i].varname=NULL;
+ for (i=0; i<n; i++)
+ {
+ f->locvars[i].varname=LoadString(S);
+ f->locvars[i].startpc=LoadInt(S);
+ f->locvars[i].endpc=LoadInt(S);
+ }
+ n=LoadInt(S);
+ for (i=0; i<n; i++) f->upvalues[i].name=LoadString(S);
+}
+
+static Proto* LoadFunction(LoadState* S)
+{
+ Proto* f=luaF_newproto(S->L);
+ setptvalue2s(S->L,S->L->top,f); incr_top(S->L);
+ f->linedefined=LoadInt(S);
+ f->lastlinedefined=LoadInt(S);
+ f->numparams=LoadByte(S);
+ f->is_vararg=LoadByte(S);
+ f->maxstacksize=LoadByte(S);
+ LoadCode(S,f);
+ LoadConstants(S,f);
+ LoadUpvalues(S,f);
+ LoadDebug(S,f);
+ S->L->top--;
+ return f;
+}
+
+/* the code below must be consistent with the code in luaU_header */
+#define N0 LUAC_HEADERSIZE
+#define N1 (sizeof(LUA_SIGNATURE)-sizeof(char))
+#define N2 N1+2
+#define N3 N2+6
+
+static void LoadHeader(LoadState* S)
+{
+ lu_byte h[LUAC_HEADERSIZE];
+ lu_byte s[LUAC_HEADERSIZE];
+ luaU_header(h);
+ memcpy(s,h,sizeof(char)); /* first char already read */
+ LoadBlock(S,s+sizeof(char),LUAC_HEADERSIZE-sizeof(char));
+ if (memcmp(h,s,N0)==0) return;
+ if (memcmp(h,s,N1)!=0) error(S,"not a");
+ if (memcmp(h,s,N2)!=0) error(S,"version mismatch in");
+ if (memcmp(h,s,N3)!=0) error(S,"incompatible"); else error(S,"corrupted");
+}
+
+/*
+** load precompiled chunk
+*/
+Proto* luaU_undump (lua_State* L, ZIO* Z, Mbuffer* buff, const char* name)
+{
+ LoadState S;
+ if (*name=='@' || *name=='=')
+ S.name=name+1;
+ else if (*name==LUA_SIGNATURE[0])
+ S.name="binary string";
+ else
+ S.name=name;
+ S.L=L;
+ S.Z=Z;
+ S.b=buff;
+ LoadHeader(&S);
+ return luai_verifycode(L,buff,LoadFunction(&S));
+}
+
+#define MYINT(s) (s[0]-'0')
+#define VERSION MYINT(LUA_VERSION_MAJOR)*16+MYINT(LUA_VERSION_MINOR)
+#define FORMAT 0 /* this is the official format */
+
+/*
+* make header for precompiled chunks
+* if you change the code below be sure to update LoadHeader and FORMAT above
+* and LUAC_HEADERSIZE in lundump.h
+*/
+void luaU_header (lu_byte* h)
+{
+ int x=1;
+ memcpy(h,LUA_SIGNATURE,sizeof(LUA_SIGNATURE)-sizeof(char));
+ h+=sizeof(LUA_SIGNATURE)-sizeof(char);
+ *h++=cast_byte(VERSION);
+ *h++=cast_byte(FORMAT);
+ *h++=cast_byte(*(char*)&x); /* endianness */
+ *h++=cast_byte(sizeof(int));
+ *h++=cast_byte(sizeof(size_t));
+ *h++=cast_byte(sizeof(Instruction));
+ *h++=cast_byte(sizeof(lua_Number));
+ *h++=cast_byte(((lua_Number)0.5)==0); /* is lua_Number integral? */
+ memcpy(h,LUAC_TAIL,sizeof(LUAC_TAIL)-sizeof(char));
+}
--- /dev/null
+/*
+** $Id: lundump.h,v 1.44 2011/05/06 13:35:17 lhf Exp $
+** load precompiled Lua chunks
+** See Copyright Notice in lua.h
+*/
+
+#ifndef lundump_h
+#define lundump_h
+
+#include "lobject.h"
+#include "lzio.h"
+
+/* load one chunk; from lundump.c */
+LUAI_FUNC Proto* luaU_undump (lua_State* L, ZIO* Z, Mbuffer* buff, const char* name);
+
+/* make header; from lundump.c */
+LUAI_FUNC void luaU_header (lu_byte* h);
+
+/* dump one chunk; from ldump.c */
+LUAI_FUNC int luaU_dump (lua_State* L, const Proto* f, lua_Writer w, void* data, int strip);
+
+/* data to catch conversion errors */
+#define LUAC_TAIL "\x19\x93\r\n\x1a\n"
+
+/* size in bytes of header of binary files */
+#define LUAC_HEADERSIZE (sizeof(LUA_SIGNATURE)-sizeof(char)+2+6+sizeof(LUAC_TAIL)-sizeof(char))
+
+#endif
--- /dev/null
+/*
+** $Id: lvm.c,v 2.147 2011/12/07 14:43:55 roberto Exp $
+** Lua virtual machine
+** See Copyright Notice in lua.h
+*/
+
+
+#include <stdio.h>
+#include <stdlib.h>
+#include <string.h>
+
+#define lvm_c
+#define LUA_CORE
+
+#include "lua.h"
+
+#include "ldebug.h"
+#include "ldo.h"
+#include "lfunc.h"
+#include "lgc.h"
+#include "lobject.h"
+#include "lopcodes.h"
+#include "lstate.h"
+#include "lstring.h"
+#include "ltable.h"
+#include "ltm.h"
+#include "lvm.h"
+
+
+
+/* limit for table tag-method chains (to avoid loops) */
+#define MAXTAGLOOP 100
+
+
+const TValue *luaV_tonumber (const TValue *obj, TValue *n) {
+ lua_Number num;
+ if (ttisnumber(obj)) return obj;
+ if (ttisstring(obj) && luaO_str2d(svalue(obj), tsvalue(obj)->len, &num)) {
+ setnvalue(n, num);
+ return n;
+ }
+ else
+ return NULL;
+}
+
+
+int luaV_tostring (lua_State *L, StkId obj) {
+ if (!ttisnumber(obj))
+ return 0;
+ else {
+ char s[LUAI_MAXNUMBER2STR];
+ lua_Number n = nvalue(obj);
+ int l = lua_number2str(s, n);
+ setsvalue2s(L, obj, luaS_newlstr(L, s, l));
+ return 1;
+ }
+}
+
+
+static void traceexec (lua_State *L) {
+ CallInfo *ci = L->ci;
+ lu_byte mask = L->hookmask;
+ if ((mask & LUA_MASKCOUNT) && L->hookcount == 0) {
+ resethookcount(L);
+ luaD_hook(L, LUA_HOOKCOUNT, -1);
+ }
+ if (mask & LUA_MASKLINE) {
+ Proto *p = ci_func(ci)->p;
+ int npc = pcRel(ci->u.l.savedpc, p);
+ int newline = getfuncline(p, npc);
+ if (npc == 0 || /* call linehook when enter a new function, */
+ ci->u.l.savedpc <= L->oldpc || /* when jump back (loop), or when */
+ newline != getfuncline(p, pcRel(L->oldpc, p))) /* enter a new line */
+ luaD_hook(L, LUA_HOOKLINE, newline);
+ }
+ L->oldpc = ci->u.l.savedpc;
+ if (L->status == LUA_YIELD) { /* did hook yield? */
+ ci->u.l.savedpc--; /* undo increment (resume will increment it again) */
+ luaD_throw(L, LUA_YIELD);
+ }
+}
+
+
+static void callTM (lua_State *L, const TValue *f, const TValue *p1,
+ const TValue *p2, TValue *p3, int hasres) {
+ ptrdiff_t result = savestack(L, p3);
+ setobj2s(L, L->top++, f); /* push function */
+ setobj2s(L, L->top++, p1); /* 1st argument */
+ setobj2s(L, L->top++, p2); /* 2nd argument */
+ if (!hasres) /* no result? 'p3' is third argument */
+ setobj2s(L, L->top++, p3); /* 3rd argument */
+ luaD_checkstack(L, 0);
+ /* metamethod may yield only when called from Lua code */
+ luaD_call(L, L->top - (4 - hasres), hasres, isLua(L->ci));
+ if (hasres) { /* if has result, move it to its place */
+ p3 = restorestack(L, result);
+ setobjs2s(L, p3, --L->top);
+ }
+}
+
+
+void luaV_gettable (lua_State *L, const TValue *t, TValue *key, StkId val) {
+ int loop;
+ for (loop = 0; loop < MAXTAGLOOP; loop++) {
+ const TValue *tm;
+ if (ttistable(t)) { /* `t' is a table? */
+ Table *h = hvalue(t);
+ const TValue *res = luaH_get(h, key); /* do a primitive get */
+ if (!ttisnil(res) || /* result is not nil? */
+ (tm = fasttm(L, h->metatable, TM_INDEX)) == NULL) { /* or no TM? */
+ setobj2s(L, val, res);
+ return;
+ }
+ /* else will try the tag method */
+ }
+ else if (ttisnil(tm = luaT_gettmbyobj(L, t, TM_INDEX)))
+ luaG_typeerror(L, t, "index");
+ if (ttisfunction(tm)) {
+ callTM(L, tm, t, key, val, 1);
+ return;
+ }
+ t = tm; /* else repeat with 'tm' */
+ }
+ luaG_runerror(L, "loop in gettable");
+}
+
+
+void luaV_settable (lua_State *L, const TValue *t, TValue *key, StkId val) {
+ int loop;
+ for (loop = 0; loop < MAXTAGLOOP; loop++) {
+ const TValue *tm;
+ if (ttistable(t)) { /* `t' is a table? */
+ Table *h = hvalue(t);
+ TValue *oldval = cast(TValue *, luaH_get(h, key));
+ /* if previous value is not nil, there must be a previous entry
+ in the table; moreover, a metamethod has no relevance */
+ if (!ttisnil(oldval) ||
+ /* previous value is nil; must check the metamethod */
+ ((tm = fasttm(L, h->metatable, TM_NEWINDEX)) == NULL &&
+ /* no metamethod; is there a previous entry in the table? */
+ (oldval != luaO_nilobject ||
+ /* no previous entry; must create one. (The next test is
+ always true; we only need the assignment.) */
+ (oldval = luaH_newkey(L, h, key), 1)))) {
+ /* no metamethod and (now) there is an entry with given key */
+ setobj2t(L, oldval, val); /* assign new value to that entry */
+ invalidateTMcache(h);
+ luaC_barrierback(L, obj2gco(h), val);
+ return;
+ }
+ /* else will try the metamethod */
+ }
+ else /* not a table; check metamethod */
+ if (ttisnil(tm = luaT_gettmbyobj(L, t, TM_NEWINDEX)))
+ luaG_typeerror(L, t, "index");
+ /* there is a metamethod */
+ if (ttisfunction(tm)) {
+ callTM(L, tm, t, key, val, 0);
+ return;
+ }
+ t = tm; /* else repeat with 'tm' */
+ }
+ luaG_runerror(L, "loop in settable");
+}
+
+
+static int call_binTM (lua_State *L, const TValue *p1, const TValue *p2,
+ StkId res, TMS event) {
+ const TValue *tm = luaT_gettmbyobj(L, p1, event); /* try first operand */
+ if (ttisnil(tm))
+ tm = luaT_gettmbyobj(L, p2, event); /* try second operand */
+ if (ttisnil(tm)) return 0;
+ callTM(L, tm, p1, p2, res, 1);
+ return 1;
+}
+
+
+static const TValue *get_equalTM (lua_State *L, Table *mt1, Table *mt2,
+ TMS event) {
+ const TValue *tm1 = fasttm(L, mt1, event);
+ const TValue *tm2;
+ if (tm1 == NULL) return NULL; /* no metamethod */
+ if (mt1 == mt2) return tm1; /* same metatables => same metamethods */
+ tm2 = fasttm(L, mt2, event);
+ if (tm2 == NULL) return NULL; /* no metamethod */
+ if (luaV_rawequalobj(tm1, tm2)) /* same metamethods? */
+ return tm1;
+ return NULL;
+}
+
+
+static int call_orderTM (lua_State *L, const TValue *p1, const TValue *p2,
+ TMS event) {
+ if (!call_binTM(L, p1, p2, L->top, event))
+ return -1; /* no metamethod */
+ else
+ return !l_isfalse(L->top);
+}
+
+
+static int l_strcmp (const TString *ls, const TString *rs) {
+ const char *l = getstr(ls);
+ size_t ll = ls->tsv.len;
+ const char *r = getstr(rs);
+ size_t lr = rs->tsv.len;
+ for (;;) {
+ int temp = strcoll(l, r);
+ if (temp != 0) return temp;
+ else { /* strings are equal up to a `\0' */
+ size_t len = strlen(l); /* index of first `\0' in both strings */
+ if (len == lr) /* r is finished? */
+ return (len == ll) ? 0 : 1;
+ else if (len == ll) /* l is finished? */
+ return -1; /* l is smaller than r (because r is not finished) */
+ /* both strings longer than `len'; go on comparing (after the `\0') */
+ len++;
+ l += len; ll -= len; r += len; lr -= len;
+ }
+ }
+}
+
+
+int luaV_lessthan (lua_State *L, const TValue *l, const TValue *r) {
+ int res;
+ if (ttisnumber(l) && ttisnumber(r))
+ return luai_numlt(L, nvalue(l), nvalue(r));
+ else if (ttisstring(l) && ttisstring(r))
+ return l_strcmp(rawtsvalue(l), rawtsvalue(r)) < 0;
+ else if ((res = call_orderTM(L, l, r, TM_LT)) < 0)
+ luaG_ordererror(L, l, r);
+ return res;
+}
+
+
+int luaV_lessequal (lua_State *L, const TValue *l, const TValue *r) {
+ int res;
+ if (ttisnumber(l) && ttisnumber(r))
+ return luai_numle(L, nvalue(l), nvalue(r));
+ else if (ttisstring(l) && ttisstring(r))
+ return l_strcmp(rawtsvalue(l), rawtsvalue(r)) <= 0;
+ else if ((res = call_orderTM(L, l, r, TM_LE)) >= 0) /* first try `le' */
+ return res;
+ else if ((res = call_orderTM(L, r, l, TM_LT)) < 0) /* else try `lt' */
+ luaG_ordererror(L, l, r);
+ return !res;
+}
+
+
+/*
+** equality of Lua values. L == NULL means raw equality (no metamethods)
+*/
+int luaV_equalobj_ (lua_State *L, const TValue *t1, const TValue *t2) {
+ const TValue *tm;
+ lua_assert(ttisequal(t1, t2));
+ switch (ttype(t1)) {
+ case LUA_TNIL: return 1;
+ case LUA_TNUMBER: return luai_numeq(nvalue(t1), nvalue(t2));
+ case LUA_TBOOLEAN: return bvalue(t1) == bvalue(t2); /* true must be 1 !! */
+ case LUA_TLIGHTUSERDATA: return pvalue(t1) == pvalue(t2);
+ case LUA_TLCF: return fvalue(t1) == fvalue(t2);
+ case LUA_TSTRING: return eqstr(rawtsvalue(t1), rawtsvalue(t2));
+ case LUA_TUSERDATA: {
+ if (uvalue(t1) == uvalue(t2)) return 1;
+ else if (L == NULL) return 0;
+ tm = get_equalTM(L, uvalue(t1)->metatable, uvalue(t2)->metatable, TM_EQ);
+ break; /* will try TM */
+ }
+ case LUA_TTABLE: {
+ if (hvalue(t1) == hvalue(t2)) return 1;
+ else if (L == NULL) return 0;
+ tm = get_equalTM(L, hvalue(t1)->metatable, hvalue(t2)->metatable, TM_EQ);
+ break; /* will try TM */
+ }
+ default:
+ lua_assert(iscollectable(t1));
+ return gcvalue(t1) == gcvalue(t2);
+ }
+ if (tm == NULL) return 0; /* no TM? */
+ callTM(L, tm, t1, t2, L->top, 1); /* call TM */
+ return !l_isfalse(L->top);
+}
+
+
+void luaV_concat (lua_State *L, int total) {
+ lua_assert(total >= 2);
+ do {
+ StkId top = L->top;
+ int n = 2; /* number of elements handled in this pass (at least 2) */
+ if (!(ttisstring(top-2) || ttisnumber(top-2)) || !tostring(L, top-1)) {
+ if (!call_binTM(L, top-2, top-1, top-2, TM_CONCAT))
+ luaG_concaterror(L, top-2, top-1);
+ }
+ else if (tsvalue(top-1)->len == 0) /* second operand is empty? */
+ (void)tostring(L, top - 2); /* result is first operand */
+ else if (ttisstring(top-2) && tsvalue(top-2)->len == 0) {
+ setsvalue2s(L, top-2, rawtsvalue(top-1)); /* result is second op. */
+ }
+ else {
+ /* at least two non-empty string values; get as many as possible */
+ size_t tl = tsvalue(top-1)->len;
+ char *buffer;
+ int i;
+ /* collect total length */
+ for (i = 1; i < total && tostring(L, top-i-1); i++) {
+ size_t l = tsvalue(top-i-1)->len;
+ if (l >= (MAX_SIZET/sizeof(char)) - tl)
+ luaG_runerror(L, "string length overflow");
+ tl += l;
+ }
+ buffer = luaZ_openspace(L, &G(L)->buff, tl);
+ tl = 0;
+ n = i;
+ do { /* concat all strings */
+ size_t l = tsvalue(top-i)->len;
+ memcpy(buffer+tl, svalue(top-i), l * sizeof(char));
+ tl += l;
+ } while (--i > 0);
+ setsvalue2s(L, top-n, luaS_newlstr(L, buffer, tl));
+ }
+ total -= n-1; /* got 'n' strings to create 1 new */
+ L->top -= n-1; /* popped 'n' strings and pushed one */
+ } while (total > 1); /* repeat until only 1 result left */
+}
+
+
+void luaV_objlen (lua_State *L, StkId ra, const TValue *rb) {
+ const TValue *tm;
+ switch (ttypenv(rb)) {
+ case LUA_TTABLE: {
+ Table *h = hvalue(rb);
+ tm = fasttm(L, h->metatable, TM_LEN);
+ if (tm) break; /* metamethod? break switch to call it */
+ setnvalue(ra, cast_num(luaH_getn(h))); /* else primitive len */
+ return;
+ }
+ case LUA_TSTRING: {
+ setnvalue(ra, cast_num(tsvalue(rb)->len));
+ return;
+ }
+ default: { /* try metamethod */
+ tm = luaT_gettmbyobj(L, rb, TM_LEN);
+ if (ttisnil(tm)) /* no metamethod? */
+ luaG_typeerror(L, rb, "get length of");
+ break;
+ }
+ }
+ callTM(L, tm, rb, rb, ra, 1);
+}
+
+
+void luaV_arith (lua_State *L, StkId ra, const TValue *rb,
+ const TValue *rc, TMS op) {
+ TValue tempb, tempc;
+ const TValue *b, *c;
+ if ((b = luaV_tonumber(rb, &tempb)) != NULL &&
+ (c = luaV_tonumber(rc, &tempc)) != NULL) {
+ lua_Number res = luaO_arith(op - TM_ADD + LUA_OPADD, nvalue(b), nvalue(c));
+ setnvalue(ra, res);
+ }
+ else if (!call_binTM(L, rb, rc, ra, op))
+ luaG_aritherror(L, rb, rc);
+}
+
+
+/*
+** check whether cached closure in prototype 'p' may be reused, that is,
+** whether there is a cached closure with the same upvalues needed by
+** new closure to be created.
+*/
+static Closure *getcached (Proto *p, UpVal **encup, StkId base) {
+ Closure *c = p->cache;
+ if (c != NULL) { /* is there a cached closure? */
+ int nup = p->sizeupvalues;
+ Upvaldesc *uv = p->upvalues;
+ int i;
+ for (i = 0; i < nup; i++) { /* check whether it has right upvalues */
+ TValue *v = uv[i].instack ? base + uv[i].idx : encup[uv[i].idx]->v;
+ if (c->l.upvals[i]->v != v)
+ return NULL; /* wrong upvalue; cannot reuse closure */
+ }
+ }
+ return c; /* return cached closure (or NULL if no cached closure) */
+}
+
+
+/*
+** create a new Lua closure, push it in the stack, and initialize
+** its upvalues. Note that the call to 'luaC_barrierproto' must come
+** before the assignment to 'p->cache', as the function needs the
+** original value of that field.
+*/
+static void pushclosure (lua_State *L, Proto *p, UpVal **encup, StkId base,
+ StkId ra) {
+ int nup = p->sizeupvalues;
+ Upvaldesc *uv = p->upvalues;
+ int i;
+ Closure *ncl = luaF_newLclosure(L, p);
+ setclLvalue(L, ra, ncl); /* anchor new closure in stack */
+ for (i = 0; i < nup; i++) { /* fill in its upvalues */
+ if (uv[i].instack) /* upvalue refers to local variable? */
+ ncl->l.upvals[i] = luaF_findupval(L, base + uv[i].idx);
+ else /* get upvalue from enclosing function */
+ ncl->l.upvals[i] = encup[uv[i].idx];
+ }
+ luaC_barrierproto(L, p, ncl);
+ p->cache = ncl; /* save it on cache for reuse */
+}
+
+
+/*
+** finish execution of an opcode interrupted by an yield
+*/
+void luaV_finishOp (lua_State *L) {
+ CallInfo *ci = L->ci;
+ StkId base = ci->u.l.base;
+ Instruction inst = *(ci->u.l.savedpc - 1); /* interrupted instruction */
+ OpCode op = GET_OPCODE(inst);
+ switch (op) { /* finish its execution */
+ case OP_ADD: case OP_SUB: case OP_MUL: case OP_DIV:
+ case OP_MOD: case OP_POW: case OP_UNM: case OP_LEN:
+ case OP_GETTABUP: case OP_GETTABLE: case OP_SELF: {
+ setobjs2s(L, base + GETARG_A(inst), --L->top);
+ break;
+ }
+ case OP_LE: case OP_LT: case OP_EQ: {
+ int res = !l_isfalse(L->top - 1);
+ L->top--;
+ /* metamethod should not be called when operand is K */
+ lua_assert(!ISK(GETARG_B(inst)));
+ if (op == OP_LE && /* "<=" using "<" instead? */
+ ttisnil(luaT_gettmbyobj(L, base + GETARG_B(inst), TM_LE)))
+ res = !res; /* invert result */
+ lua_assert(GET_OPCODE(*ci->u.l.savedpc) == OP_JMP);
+ if (res != GETARG_A(inst)) /* condition failed? */
+ ci->u.l.savedpc++; /* skip jump instruction */
+ break;
+ }
+ case OP_CONCAT: {
+ StkId top = L->top - 1; /* top when 'call_binTM' was called */
+ int b = GETARG_B(inst); /* first element to concatenate */
+ int total = cast_int(top - 1 - (base + b)); /* yet to concatenate */
+ setobj2s(L, top - 2, top); /* put TM result in proper position */
+ if (total > 1) { /* are there elements to concat? */
+ L->top = top - 1; /* top is one after last element (at top-2) */
+ luaV_concat(L, total); /* concat them (may yield again) */
+ }
+ /* move final result to final position */
+ setobj2s(L, ci->u.l.base + GETARG_A(inst), L->top - 1);
+ L->top = ci->top; /* restore top */
+ break;
+ }
+ case OP_TFORCALL: {
+ lua_assert(GET_OPCODE(*ci->u.l.savedpc) == OP_TFORLOOP);
+ L->top = ci->top; /* correct top */
+ break;
+ }
+ case OP_CALL: {
+ if (GETARG_C(inst) - 1 >= 0) /* nresults >= 0? */
+ L->top = ci->top; /* adjust results */
+ break;
+ }
+ case OP_TAILCALL: case OP_SETTABUP: case OP_SETTABLE:
+ break;
+ default: lua_assert(0);
+ }
+}
+
+
+
+/*
+** some macros for common tasks in `luaV_execute'
+*/
+
+#if !defined luai_runtimecheck
+#define luai_runtimecheck(L, c) /* void */
+#endif
+
+
+#define RA(i) (base+GETARG_A(i))
+/* to be used after possible stack reallocation */
+#define RB(i) check_exp(getBMode(GET_OPCODE(i)) == OpArgR, base+GETARG_B(i))
+#define RC(i) check_exp(getCMode(GET_OPCODE(i)) == OpArgR, base+GETARG_C(i))
+#define RKB(i) check_exp(getBMode(GET_OPCODE(i)) == OpArgK, \
+ ISK(GETARG_B(i)) ? k+INDEXK(GETARG_B(i)) : base+GETARG_B(i))
+#define RKC(i) check_exp(getCMode(GET_OPCODE(i)) == OpArgK, \
+ ISK(GETARG_C(i)) ? k+INDEXK(GETARG_C(i)) : base+GETARG_C(i))
+#define KBx(i) \
+ (k + (GETARG_Bx(i) != 0 ? GETARG_Bx(i) - 1 : GETARG_Ax(*ci->u.l.savedpc++)))
+
+
+/* execute a jump instruction */
+#define dojump(ci,i,e) \
+ { int a = GETARG_A(i); \
+ if (a > 0) luaF_close(L, ci->u.l.base + a - 1); \
+ ci->u.l.savedpc += GETARG_sBx(i) + e; }
+
+/* for test instructions, execute the jump instruction that follows it */
+#define donextjump(ci) { i = *ci->u.l.savedpc; dojump(ci, i, 1); }
+
+
+#define Protect(x) { {x;}; base = ci->u.l.base; }
+
+#define checkGC(L,c) Protect(luaC_condGC(L, c); luai_threadyield(L);)
+
+
+#define arith_op(op,tm) { \
+ TValue *rb = RKB(i); \
+ TValue *rc = RKC(i); \
+ if (ttisnumber(rb) && ttisnumber(rc)) { \
+ lua_Number nb = nvalue(rb), nc = nvalue(rc); \
+ setnvalue(ra, op(L, nb, nc)); \
+ } \
+ else { Protect(luaV_arith(L, ra, rb, rc, tm)); } }
+
+
+#define vmdispatch(o) switch(o)
+#define vmcase(l,b) case l: {b} break;
+#define vmcasenb(l,b) case l: {b} /* nb = no break */
+
+void luaV_execute (lua_State *L) {
+ CallInfo *ci = L->ci;
+ LClosure *cl;
+ TValue *k;
+ StkId base;
+ newframe: /* reentry point when frame changes (call/return) */
+ lua_assert(ci == L->ci);
+ cl = clLvalue(ci->func);
+ k = cl->p->k;
+ base = ci->u.l.base;
+ /* main loop of interpreter */
+ for (;;) {
+ Instruction i = *(ci->u.l.savedpc++);
+ StkId ra;
+ if ((L->hookmask & (LUA_MASKLINE | LUA_MASKCOUNT)) &&
+ (--L->hookcount == 0 || L->hookmask & LUA_MASKLINE)) {
+ Protect(traceexec(L));
+ }
+ /* WARNING: several calls may realloc the stack and invalidate `ra' */
+ ra = RA(i);
+ lua_assert(base == ci->u.l.base);
+ lua_assert(base <= L->top && L->top < L->stack + L->stacksize);
+ vmdispatch (GET_OPCODE(i)) {
+ vmcase(OP_MOVE,
+ setobjs2s(L, ra, RB(i));
+ )
+ vmcase(OP_LOADK,
+ TValue *rb = k + GETARG_Bx(i);
+ setobj2s(L, ra, rb);
+ )
+ vmcase(OP_LOADKX,
+ TValue *rb;
+ lua_assert(GET_OPCODE(*ci->u.l.savedpc) == OP_EXTRAARG);
+ rb = k + GETARG_Ax(*ci->u.l.savedpc++);
+ setobj2s(L, ra, rb);
+ )
+ vmcase(OP_LOADBOOL,
+ setbvalue(ra, GETARG_B(i));
+ if (GETARG_C(i)) ci->u.l.savedpc++; /* skip next instruction (if C) */
+ )
+ vmcase(OP_LOADNIL,
+ int b = GETARG_B(i);
+ do {
+ setnilvalue(ra++);
+ } while (b--);
+ )
+ vmcase(OP_GETUPVAL,
+ int b = GETARG_B(i);
+ setobj2s(L, ra, cl->upvals[b]->v);
+ )
+ vmcase(OP_GETTABUP,
+ int b = GETARG_B(i);
+ Protect(luaV_gettable(L, cl->upvals[b]->v, RKC(i), ra));
+ )
+ vmcase(OP_GETTABLE,
+ Protect(luaV_gettable(L, RB(i), RKC(i), ra));
+ )
+ vmcase(OP_SETTABUP,
+ int a = GETARG_A(i);
+ Protect(luaV_settable(L, cl->upvals[a]->v, RKB(i), RKC(i)));
+ )
+ vmcase(OP_SETUPVAL,
+ UpVal *uv = cl->upvals[GETARG_B(i)];
+ setobj(L, uv->v, ra);
+ luaC_barrier(L, uv, ra);
+ )
+ vmcase(OP_SETTABLE,
+ Protect(luaV_settable(L, ra, RKB(i), RKC(i)));
+ )
+ vmcase(OP_NEWTABLE,
+ int b = GETARG_B(i);
+ int c = GETARG_C(i);
+ Table *t = luaH_new(L);
+ sethvalue(L, ra, t);
+ if (b != 0 || c != 0)
+ luaH_resize(L, t, luaO_fb2int(b), luaO_fb2int(c));
+ checkGC(L,
+ L->top = ra + 1; /* limit of live values */
+ luaC_step(L);
+ L->top = ci->top; /* restore top */
+ )
+ )
+ vmcase(OP_SELF,
+ StkId rb = RB(i);
+ setobjs2s(L, ra+1, rb);
+ Protect(luaV_gettable(L, rb, RKC(i), ra));
+ )
+ vmcase(OP_ADD,
+ arith_op(luai_numadd, TM_ADD);
+ )
+ vmcase(OP_SUB,
+ arith_op(luai_numsub, TM_SUB);
+ )
+ vmcase(OP_MUL,
+ arith_op(luai_nummul, TM_MUL);
+ )
+ vmcase(OP_DIV,
+ arith_op(luai_numdiv, TM_DIV);
+ )
+ vmcase(OP_MOD,
+ arith_op(luai_nummod, TM_MOD);
+ )
+ vmcase(OP_POW,
+ arith_op(luai_numpow, TM_POW);
+ )
+ vmcase(OP_UNM,
+ TValue *rb = RB(i);
+ if (ttisnumber(rb)) {
+ lua_Number nb = nvalue(rb);
+ setnvalue(ra, luai_numunm(L, nb));
+ }
+ else {
+ Protect(luaV_arith(L, ra, rb, rb, TM_UNM));
+ }
+ )
+ vmcase(OP_NOT,
+ TValue *rb = RB(i);
+ int res = l_isfalse(rb); /* next assignment may change this value */
+ setbvalue(ra, res);
+ )
+ vmcase(OP_LEN,
+ Protect(luaV_objlen(L, ra, RB(i)));
+ )
+ vmcase(OP_CONCAT,
+ int b = GETARG_B(i);
+ int c = GETARG_C(i);
+ StkId rb;
+ L->top = base + c + 1; /* mark the end of concat operands */
+ Protect(luaV_concat(L, c - b + 1));
+ ra = RA(i); /* 'luav_concat' may invoke TMs and move the stack */
+ rb = b + base;
+ setobjs2s(L, ra, rb);
+ checkGC(L,
+ L->top = (ra >= rb ? ra + 1 : rb); /* limit of live values */
+ luaC_step(L);
+ )
+ L->top = ci->top; /* restore top */
+ )
+ vmcase(OP_JMP,
+ dojump(ci, i, 0);
+ )
+ vmcase(OP_EQ,
+ TValue *rb = RKB(i);
+ TValue *rc = RKC(i);
+ Protect(
+ if (cast_int(equalobj(L, rb, rc)) != GETARG_A(i))
+ ci->u.l.savedpc++;
+ else
+ donextjump(ci);
+ )
+ )
+ vmcase(OP_LT,
+ Protect(
+ if (luaV_lessthan(L, RKB(i), RKC(i)) != GETARG_A(i))
+ ci->u.l.savedpc++;
+ else
+ donextjump(ci);
+ )
+ )
+ vmcase(OP_LE,
+ Protect(
+ if (luaV_lessequal(L, RKB(i), RKC(i)) != GETARG_A(i))
+ ci->u.l.savedpc++;
+ else
+ donextjump(ci);
+ )
+ )
+ vmcase(OP_TEST,
+ if (GETARG_C(i) ? l_isfalse(ra) : !l_isfalse(ra))
+ ci->u.l.savedpc++;
+ else
+ donextjump(ci);
+ )
+ vmcase(OP_TESTSET,
+ TValue *rb = RB(i);
+ if (GETARG_C(i) ? l_isfalse(rb) : !l_isfalse(rb))
+ ci->u.l.savedpc++;
+ else {
+ setobjs2s(L, ra, rb);
+ donextjump(ci);
+ }
+ )
+ vmcase(OP_CALL,
+ int b = GETARG_B(i);
+ int nresults = GETARG_C(i) - 1;
+ if (b != 0) L->top = ra+b; /* else previous instruction set top */
+ if (luaD_precall(L, ra, nresults)) { /* C function? */
+ if (nresults >= 0) L->top = ci->top; /* adjust results */
+ base = ci->u.l.base;
+ }
+ else { /* Lua function */
+ ci = L->ci;
+ ci->callstatus |= CIST_REENTRY;
+ goto newframe; /* restart luaV_execute over new Lua function */
+ }
+ )
+ vmcase(OP_TAILCALL,
+ int b = GETARG_B(i);
+ if (b != 0) L->top = ra+b; /* else previous instruction set top */
+ lua_assert(GETARG_C(i) - 1 == LUA_MULTRET);
+ if (luaD_precall(L, ra, LUA_MULTRET)) /* C function? */
+ base = ci->u.l.base;
+ else {
+ /* tail call: put called frame (n) in place of caller one (o) */
+ CallInfo *nci = L->ci; /* called frame */
+ CallInfo *oci = nci->previous; /* caller frame */
+ StkId nfunc = nci->func; /* called function */
+ StkId ofunc = oci->func; /* caller function */
+ /* last stack slot filled by 'precall' */
+ StkId lim = nci->u.l.base + getproto(nfunc)->numparams;
+ int aux;
+ /* close all upvalues from previous call */
+ if (cl->p->sizep > 0) luaF_close(L, oci->u.l.base);
+ /* move new frame into old one */
+ for (aux = 0; nfunc + aux < lim; aux++)
+ setobjs2s(L, ofunc + aux, nfunc + aux);
+ oci->u.l.base = ofunc + (nci->u.l.base - nfunc); /* correct base */
+ oci->top = L->top = ofunc + (L->top - nfunc); /* correct top */
+ oci->u.l.savedpc = nci->u.l.savedpc;
+ oci->callstatus |= CIST_TAIL; /* function was tail called */
+ ci = L->ci = oci; /* remove new frame */
+ lua_assert(L->top == oci->u.l.base + getproto(ofunc)->maxstacksize);
+ goto newframe; /* restart luaV_execute over new Lua function */
+ }
+ )
+ vmcasenb(OP_RETURN,
+ int b = GETARG_B(i);
+ if (b != 0) L->top = ra+b-1;
+ if (cl->p->sizep > 0) luaF_close(L, base);
+ b = luaD_poscall(L, ra);
+ if (!(ci->callstatus & CIST_REENTRY)) /* 'ci' still the called one */
+ return; /* external invocation: return */
+ else { /* invocation via reentry: continue execution */
+ ci = L->ci;
+ if (b) L->top = ci->top;
+ lua_assert(isLua(ci));
+ lua_assert(GET_OPCODE(*((ci)->u.l.savedpc - 1)) == OP_CALL);
+ goto newframe; /* restart luaV_execute over new Lua function */
+ }
+ )
+ vmcase(OP_FORLOOP,
+ lua_Number step = nvalue(ra+2);
+ lua_Number idx = luai_numadd(L, nvalue(ra), step); /* increment index */
+ lua_Number limit = nvalue(ra+1);
+ if (luai_numlt(L, 0, step) ? luai_numle(L, idx, limit)
+ : luai_numle(L, limit, idx)) {
+ ci->u.l.savedpc += GETARG_sBx(i); /* jump back */
+ setnvalue(ra, idx); /* update internal index... */
+ setnvalue(ra+3, idx); /* ...and external index */
+ }
+ )
+ vmcase(OP_FORPREP,
+ const TValue *init = ra;
+ const TValue *plimit = ra+1;
+ const TValue *pstep = ra+2;
+ if (!tonumber(init, ra))
+ luaG_runerror(L, LUA_QL("for") " initial value must be a number");
+ else if (!tonumber(plimit, ra+1))
+ luaG_runerror(L, LUA_QL("for") " limit must be a number");
+ else if (!tonumber(pstep, ra+2))
+ luaG_runerror(L, LUA_QL("for") " step must be a number");
+ setnvalue(ra, luai_numsub(L, nvalue(ra), nvalue(pstep)));
+ ci->u.l.savedpc += GETARG_sBx(i);
+ )
+ vmcasenb(OP_TFORCALL,
+ StkId cb = ra + 3; /* call base */
+ setobjs2s(L, cb+2, ra+2);
+ setobjs2s(L, cb+1, ra+1);
+ setobjs2s(L, cb, ra);
+ L->top = cb + 3; /* func. + 2 args (state and index) */
+ Protect(luaD_call(L, cb, GETARG_C(i), 1));
+ L->top = ci->top;
+ i = *(ci->u.l.savedpc++); /* go to next instruction */
+ ra = RA(i);
+ lua_assert(GET_OPCODE(i) == OP_TFORLOOP);
+ goto l_tforloop;
+ )
+ vmcase(OP_TFORLOOP,
+ l_tforloop:
+ if (!ttisnil(ra + 1)) { /* continue loop? */
+ setobjs2s(L, ra, ra + 1); /* save control variable */
+ ci->u.l.savedpc += GETARG_sBx(i); /* jump back */
+ }
+ )
+ vmcase(OP_SETLIST,
+ int n = GETARG_B(i);
+ int c = GETARG_C(i);
+ int last;
+ Table *h;
+ if (n == 0) n = cast_int(L->top - ra) - 1;
+ if (c == 0) {
+ lua_assert(GET_OPCODE(*ci->u.l.savedpc) == OP_EXTRAARG);
+ c = GETARG_Ax(*ci->u.l.savedpc++);
+ }
+ luai_runtimecheck(L, ttistable(ra));
+ h = hvalue(ra);
+ last = ((c-1)*LFIELDS_PER_FLUSH) + n;
+ if (last > h->sizearray) /* needs more space? */
+ luaH_resizearray(L, h, last); /* pre-allocate it at once */
+ for (; n > 0; n--) {
+ TValue *val = ra+n;
+ luaH_setint(L, h, last--, val);
+ luaC_barrierback(L, obj2gco(h), val);
+ }
+ L->top = ci->top; /* correct top (in case of previous open call) */
+ )
+ vmcase(OP_CLOSURE,
+ Proto *p = cl->p->p[GETARG_Bx(i)];
+ Closure *ncl = getcached(p, cl->upvals, base); /* cached closure */
+ if (ncl == NULL) /* no match? */
+ pushclosure(L, p, cl->upvals, base, ra); /* create a new one */
+ else
+ setclLvalue(L, ra, ncl); /* push cashed closure */
+ checkGC(L,
+ L->top = ra + 1; /* limit of live values */
+ luaC_step(L);
+ L->top = ci->top; /* restore top */
+ )
+ )
+ vmcase(OP_VARARG,
+ int b = GETARG_B(i) - 1;
+ int j;
+ int n = cast_int(base - ci->func) - cl->p->numparams - 1;
+ if (b < 0) { /* B == 0? */
+ b = n; /* get all var. arguments */
+ Protect(luaD_checkstack(L, n));
+ ra = RA(i); /* previous call may change the stack */
+ L->top = ra + n;
+ }
+ for (j = 0; j < b; j++) {
+ if (j < n) {
+ setobjs2s(L, ra + j, base - n + j);
+ }
+ else {
+ setnilvalue(ra + j);
+ }
+ }
+ )
+ vmcase(OP_EXTRAARG,
+ lua_assert(0);
+ )
+ }
+ }
+}
+
--- /dev/null
+/*
+** $Id: lvm.h,v 2.17 2011/05/31 18:27:56 roberto Exp $
+** Lua virtual machine
+** See Copyright Notice in lua.h
+*/
+
+#ifndef lvm_h
+#define lvm_h
+
+
+#include "ldo.h"
+#include "lobject.h"
+#include "ltm.h"
+
+
+#define tostring(L,o) (ttisstring(o) || (luaV_tostring(L, o)))
+
+#define tonumber(o,n) (ttisnumber(o) || (((o) = luaV_tonumber(o,n)) != NULL))
+
+#define equalobj(L,o1,o2) (ttisequal(o1, o2) && luaV_equalobj_(L, o1, o2))
+
+#define luaV_rawequalobj(t1,t2) \
+ (ttisequal(t1,t2) && luaV_equalobj_(NULL,t1,t2))
+
+
+/* not to called directly */
+LUAI_FUNC int luaV_equalobj_ (lua_State *L, const TValue *t1, const TValue *t2);
+
+
+LUAI_FUNC int luaV_lessthan (lua_State *L, const TValue *l, const TValue *r);
+LUAI_FUNC int luaV_lessequal (lua_State *L, const TValue *l, const TValue *r);
+LUAI_FUNC const TValue *luaV_tonumber (const TValue *obj, TValue *n);
+LUAI_FUNC int luaV_tostring (lua_State *L, StkId obj);
+LUAI_FUNC void luaV_gettable (lua_State *L, const TValue *t, TValue *key,
+ StkId val);
+LUAI_FUNC void luaV_settable (lua_State *L, const TValue *t, TValue *key,
+ StkId val);
+LUAI_FUNC void luaV_finishOp (lua_State *L);
+LUAI_FUNC void luaV_execute (lua_State *L);
+LUAI_FUNC void luaV_concat (lua_State *L, int total);
+LUAI_FUNC void luaV_arith (lua_State *L, StkId ra, const TValue *rb,
+ const TValue *rc, TMS op);
+LUAI_FUNC void luaV_objlen (lua_State *L, StkId ra, const TValue *rb);
+
+#endif
--- /dev/null
+/*
+** $Id: lzio.c,v 1.34 2011/07/15 12:35:32 roberto Exp $
+** a generic input stream interface
+** See Copyright Notice in lua.h
+*/
+
+
+#include <string.h>
+
+#define lzio_c
+#define LUA_CORE
+
+#include "lua.h"
+
+#include "llimits.h"
+#include "lmem.h"
+#include "lstate.h"
+#include "lzio.h"
+
+
+int luaZ_fill (ZIO *z) {
+ size_t size;
+ lua_State *L = z->L;
+ const char *buff;
+ lua_unlock(L);
+ buff = z->reader(L, z->data, &size);
+ lua_lock(L);
+ if (buff == NULL || size == 0)
+ return EOZ;
+ z->n = size - 1; /* discount char being returned */
+ z->p = buff;
+ return cast_uchar(*(z->p++));
+}
+
+
+void luaZ_init (lua_State *L, ZIO *z, lua_Reader reader, void *data) {
+ z->L = L;
+ z->reader = reader;
+ z->data = data;
+ z->n = 0;
+ z->p = NULL;
+}
+
+
+/* --------------------------------------------------------------- read --- */
+size_t luaZ_read (ZIO *z, void *b, size_t n) {
+ while (n) {
+ size_t m;
+ if (z->n == 0) { /* no bytes in buffer? */
+ if (luaZ_fill(z) == EOZ) /* try to read more */
+ return n; /* no more input; return number of missing bytes */
+ else {
+ z->n++; /* luaZ_fill consumed first byte; put it back */
+ z->p--;
+ }
+ }
+ m = (n <= z->n) ? n : z->n; /* min. between n and z->n */
+ memcpy(b, z->p, m);
+ z->n -= m;
+ z->p += m;
+ b = (char *)b + m;
+ n -= m;
+ }
+ return 0;
+}
+
+/* ------------------------------------------------------------------------ */
+char *luaZ_openspace (lua_State *L, Mbuffer *buff, size_t n) {
+ if (n > buff->buffsize) {
+ if (n < LUA_MINBUFFER) n = LUA_MINBUFFER;
+ luaZ_resizebuffer(L, buff, n);
+ }
+ return buff->buffer;
+}
+
+
--- /dev/null
+/*
+** $Id: lzio.h,v 1.26 2011/07/15 12:48:03 roberto Exp $
+** Buffered streams
+** See Copyright Notice in lua.h
+*/
+
+
+#ifndef lzio_h
+#define lzio_h
+
+#include "lua.h"
+
+#include "lmem.h"
+
+
+#define EOZ (-1) /* end of stream */
+
+typedef struct Zio ZIO;
+
+#define zgetc(z) (((z)->n--)>0 ? cast_uchar(*(z)->p++) : luaZ_fill(z))
+
+
+typedef struct Mbuffer {
+ char *buffer;
+ size_t n;
+ size_t buffsize;
+} Mbuffer;
+
+#define luaZ_initbuffer(L, buff) ((buff)->buffer = NULL, (buff)->buffsize = 0)
+
+#define luaZ_buffer(buff) ((buff)->buffer)
+#define luaZ_sizebuffer(buff) ((buff)->buffsize)
+#define luaZ_bufflen(buff) ((buff)->n)
+
+#define luaZ_resetbuffer(buff) ((buff)->n = 0)
+
+
+#define luaZ_resizebuffer(L, buff, size) \
+ (luaM_reallocvector(L, (buff)->buffer, (buff)->buffsize, size, char), \
+ (buff)->buffsize = size)
+
+#define luaZ_freebuffer(L, buff) luaZ_resizebuffer(L, buff, 0)
+
+
+LUAI_FUNC char *luaZ_openspace (lua_State *L, Mbuffer *buff, size_t n);
+LUAI_FUNC void luaZ_init (lua_State *L, ZIO *z, lua_Reader reader,
+ void *data);
+LUAI_FUNC size_t luaZ_read (ZIO* z, void* b, size_t n); /* read next n bytes */
+
+
+
+/* --------- Private Part ------------------ */
+
+struct Zio {
+ size_t n; /* bytes still unread */
+ const char *p; /* current position in buffer */
+ lua_Reader reader; /* reader function */
+ void* data; /* additional data */
+ lua_State *L; /* Lua state (for reader) */
+};
+
+
+LUAI_FUNC int luaZ_fill (ZIO *z);
+
+#endif
--- /dev/null
+//==============================================================================
+/*
+ https://github.com/vinniefalco/LuaBridge
+ https://github.com/vinniefalco/LuaBridgeDemo
+
+ Copyright (C) 2012, Vinnie Falco <vinnie.falco@gmail.com>
+
+ License: The MIT License (http://www.opensource.org/licenses/mit-license.php)
+
+ Permission is hereby granted, free of charge, to any person obtaining a copy
+ of this software and associated documentation files (the "Software"), to deal
+ in the Software without restriction, including without limitation the rights
+ to use, copy, modify, merge, publish, distribute, sublicense, and/or sell
+ copies of the Software, and to permit persons to whom the Software is
+ furnished to do so, subject to the following conditions:
+
+ The above copyright notice and this permission notice shall be included in all
+ copies or substantial portions of the Software.
+
+ THE SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED "AS IS", WITHOUT WARRANTY OF ANY KIND, EXPRESS OR
+ IMPLIED, INCLUDING BUT NOT LIMITED TO THE WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY,
+ FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE AND NONINFRINGEMENT. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE
+ AUTHORS OR COPYRIGHT HOLDERS BE LIABLE FOR ANY CLAIM, DAMAGES OR OTHER
+ LIABILITY, WHETHER IN AN ACTION OF CONTRACT, TORT OR OTHERWISE, ARISING FROM,
+ OUT OF OR IN CONNECTION WITH THE SOFTWARE OR THE USE OR OTHER DEALINGS IN THE
+ SOFTWARE.
+*/
+//==============================================================================
+
+/** Include file for the Lua library.
+*/
+
+#pragma once
+
+// This determines which version of Lua to use.
+// The value is the same as LUA_VERSION_NUM in lua.h
+
+#ifndef LUABRIDGEDEMO_LUA_VERSION
+#if 1
+ #define LUABRIDGEDEMO_LUA_VERSION 502 // use 5.2.0
+#else
+ #define LUABRIDGEDEMO_LUA_VERSION 501 // use 5.1.0 (really 5.1.5)
+#endif
+#endif
+
+#ifndef LUALIBRARY_SOURCE
+
+#if LUABRIDGEDEMO_LUA_VERSION >= 502
+ #include "Lua.5.2.0/src/lua.hpp"
+
+#elif LUABRIDGEDEMO_LUA_VERSION >= 501
+extern "C"
+{
+#include "Lua.5.1.5/src/lua.h"
+#include "Lua.5.1.5/src/lualib.h"
+#include "Lua.5.1.5/src/lauxlib.h"
+}
+
+#else
+ #error "Unknown LUA_VERSION_NUM"
+
+#endif
+
+#endif
--- /dev/null
+//==============================================================================
+/*
+ https://github.com/vinniefalco/LuaBridge
+ https://github.com/vinniefalco/LuaBridgeDemo
+
+ Copyright (C) 2012, Vinnie Falco <vinnie.falco@gmail.com>
+
+ License: The MIT License (http://www.opensource.org/licenses/mit-license.php)
+
+ Permission is hereby granted, free of charge, to any person obtaining a copy
+ of this software and associated documentation files (the "Software"), to deal
+ in the Software without restriction, including without limitation the rights
+ to use, copy, modify, merge, publish, distribute, sublicense, and/or sell
+ copies of the Software, and to permit persons to whom the Software is
+ furnished to do so, subject to the following conditions:
+
+ The above copyright notice and this permission notice shall be included in all
+ copies or substantial portions of the Software.
+
+ THE SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED "AS IS", WITHOUT WARRANTY OF ANY KIND, EXPRESS OR
+ IMPLIED, INCLUDING BUT NOT LIMITED TO THE WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY,
+ FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE AND NONINFRINGEMENT. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE
+ AUTHORS OR COPYRIGHT HOLDERS BE LIABLE FOR ANY CLAIM, DAMAGES OR OTHER
+ LIABILITY, WHETHER IN AN ACTION OF CONTRACT, TORT OR OTHERWISE, ARISING FROM,
+ OUT OF OR IN CONNECTION WITH THE SOFTWARE OR THE USE OR OTHER DEALINGS IN THE
+ SOFTWARE.
+*/
+//==============================================================================
+
+#include "JuceLibraryCode/AppConfig.h"
+
+#define LUALIBRARY_SOURCE
+#include "LuaLibrary.h"
+
+#if LUABRIDGEDEMO_LUA_VERSION == 501
+
+#if _MSC_VER
+#pragma push_macro("_CRT_SECURE_NO_WARNINGS")
+#ifndef _CRT_SECURE_NO_WARNINGS
+#define _CRT_SECURE_NO_WARNINGS
+#endif
+#endif
+
+#ifdef __cplusplus
+extern "C"
+{
+#endif
+
+/* luaconf.h only declares some things if it is being included
+ from certain source files. We define all the relevant macros
+ and include luaconf.h once so we get all the declarations.
+*/
+#define LUA_CORE
+#define loslib_c
+#include "Lua.5.1.5/src/luaconf.h"
+#undef LUA_CORE
+#undef loslib_c
+
+#if _MSC_VER
+#pragma warning (push)
+#pragma warning (disable: 4244) /* Possible loss of data */
+#pragma warning (disable: 4702) /* Unreachable code */
+#endif
+
+/* Include this early to prevent the conflict with luai_hashnum
+ and supress the warning caused by #define lua_assert
+*/
+#include "Lua.5.1.5/src/lapi.c"
+#include "Lua.5.1.5/src/lauxlib.c"
+#include "Lua.5.1.5/src/lbaselib.c"
+#include "Lua.5.1.5/src/lcode.c"
+#include "Lua.5.1.5/src/ldblib.c"
+#include "Lua.5.1.5/src/ldebug.c"
+#include "Lua.5.1.5/src/ldo.c"
+#include "Lua.5.1.5/src/ldump.c"
+#include "Lua.5.1.5/src/lfunc.c"
+#include "Lua.5.1.5/src/lgc.c"
+#include "Lua.5.1.5/src/linit.c"
+#include "Lua.5.1.5/src/liolib.c"
+#include "Lua.5.1.5/src/llex.c"
+#include "Lua.5.1.5/src/lmathlib.c"
+#include "Lua.5.1.5/src/lmem.c"
+#include "Lua.5.1.5/src/lobject.c"
+#include "Lua.5.1.5/src/lopcodes.c"
+#include "Lua.5.1.5/src/loslib.c"
+#include "Lua.5.1.5/src/lparser.c"
+#include "Lua.5.1.5/src/lstate.c"
+#include "Lua.5.1.5/src/lstring.c"
+#include "Lua.5.1.5/src/lstrlib.c"
+#include "Lua.5.1.5/src/ltable.c"
+#include "Lua.5.1.5/src/ltablib.c"
+#include "Lua.5.1.5/src/ltm.c"
+#include "Lua.5.1.5/src/lundump.c"
+#include "Lua.5.1.5/src/lvm.c"
+#include "Lua.5.1.5/src/lzio.c"
+//#include "Lua.5.1.5/src/print.c"
+
+/* loadlib.c includes Windows.h, which defines the LoadString macro,
+ so include it last to prevent errors.
+*/
+#include "Lua.5.1.5/src/loadlib.c"
+
+#if _MSC_VER
+#pragma warning (pop)
+#endif
+
+#ifdef __cplusplus
+}
+#endif
+
+#if _MSC_VER
+#pragma pop_macro("_CRT_SECURE_NO_WARNINGS")
+#endif
+
+#endif
--- /dev/null
+//==============================================================================
+/*
+ https://github.com/vinniefalco/LuaBridge
+ https://github.com/vinniefalco/LuaBridgeDemo
+
+ Copyright (C) 2012, Vinnie Falco <vinnie.falco@gmail.com>
+
+ License: The MIT License (http://www.opensource.org/licenses/mit-license.php)
+
+ Permission is hereby granted, free of charge, to any person obtaining a copy
+ of this software and associated documentation files (the "Software"), to deal
+ in the Software without restriction, including without limitation the rights
+ to use, copy, modify, merge, publish, distribute, sublicense, and/or sell
+ copies of the Software, and to permit persons to whom the Software is
+ furnished to do so, subject to the following conditions:
+
+ The above copyright notice and this permission notice shall be included in all
+ copies or substantial portions of the Software.
+
+ THE SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED "AS IS", WITHOUT WARRANTY OF ANY KIND, EXPRESS OR
+ IMPLIED, INCLUDING BUT NOT LIMITED TO THE WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY,
+ FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE AND NONINFRINGEMENT. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE
+ AUTHORS OR COPYRIGHT HOLDERS BE LIABLE FOR ANY CLAIM, DAMAGES OR OTHER
+ LIABILITY, WHETHER IN AN ACTION OF CONTRACT, TORT OR OTHERWISE, ARISING FROM,
+ OUT OF OR IN CONNECTION WITH THE SOFTWARE OR THE USE OR OTHER DEALINGS IN THE
+ SOFTWARE.
+*/
+//==============================================================================
+
+#include "JuceLibraryCode/AppConfig.h"
+
+#define LUALIBRARY_SOURCE
+#include "Lua/LuaLibrary.h"
+
+#if LUABRIDGEDEMO_LUA_VERSION == 502
+
+#if _MSC_VER
+#pragma push_macro("_CRT_SECURE_NO_WARNINGS")
+#ifndef _CRT_SECURE_NO_WARNINGS
+#define _CRT_SECURE_NO_WARNINGS
+#endif
+#endif
+
+#ifdef __cplusplus
+extern "C"
+{
+#endif
+
+/* luaconf.h only declares some things if it is being included
+ from certain source files. We define all the relevant macros
+ and include luaconf.h once so we get all the declarations.
+*/
+#define lobject_c
+#define lvm_c
+#define LUA_CORE
+#define LUA_LIB
+#include "Lua.5.2.0/src/luaconf.h"
+#undef lobject_c
+#undef lvm_c
+#undef LUA_CORE
+#undef LUA_LIB
+
+#if _MSC_VER
+#pragma warning (push)
+#pragma warning (disable: 4244) /* Possible loss of data */
+#pragma warning (disable: 4702) /* Unreachable code */
+#endif
+
+/* Include this early to prevent the conflict with luai_hashnum
+ and supress the warning caused by #define lua_assert
+*/
+#include "Lua.5.2.0/src/ltable.c"
+
+#include "Lua.5.2.0/src/lauxlib.c"
+#include "Lua.5.2.0/src/lbaselib.c"
+
+#include "Lua.5.2.0/src/lbitlib.c"
+#include "Lua.5.2.0/src/lcorolib.c"
+#include "Lua.5.2.0/src/ldblib.c"
+#include "Lua.5.2.0/src/linit.c"
+#include "Lua.5.2.0/src/liolib.c"
+#include "Lua.5.2.0/src/lmathlib.c"
+#include "Lua.5.2.0/src/loslib.c"
+#include "Lua.5.2.0/src/lstrlib.c"
+#include "Lua.5.2.0/src/ltablib.c"
+
+#include "Lua.5.2.0/src/lapi.c"
+#include "Lua.5.2.0/src/lcode.c"
+#include "Lua.5.2.0/src/lctype.c"
+#include "Lua.5.2.0/src/ldebug.c"
+#include "Lua.5.2.0/src/ldo.c"
+#include "Lua.5.2.0/src/ldump.c"
+#include "Lua.5.2.0/src/lfunc.c"
+#include "Lua.5.2.0/src/lgc.c"
+#include "Lua.5.2.0/src/llex.c"
+#include "Lua.5.2.0/src/lmem.c"
+#include "Lua.5.2.0/src/lobject.c"
+#include "Lua.5.2.0/src/lopcodes.c"
+#include "Lua.5.2.0/src/lparser.c"
+#include "Lua.5.2.0/src/lstate.c"
+#include "Lua.5.2.0/src/lstring.c"
+#include "Lua.5.2.0/src/ltm.c"
+#include "Lua.5.2.0/src/lundump.c"
+#include "Lua.5.2.0/src/lvm.c"
+#include "Lua.5.2.0/src/lzio.c"
+
+/* loadlib.c includes Windows.h, which defines the LoadString macro,
+ so include it last to prevent errors.
+*/
+#include "Lua.5.2.0/src/loadlib.c"
+
+#if _MSC_VER
+#pragma warning (pop)
+#endif
+
+#ifdef __cplusplus
+}
+#endif
+
+#if _MSC_VER
+#pragma pop_macro("_CRT_SECURE_NO_WARNINGS")
+#endif
+
+#endif
--- /dev/null
+<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
+
+<JUCERPROJECT id="k9UFlc" name="LuaBridgeTests" projectType="consoleapp" version="1.0.0"
+ jucerVersion="3.0.0">
+ <EXPORTFORMATS>
+ <VS2010 targetFolder="Builds/VisualStudio2010" libraryType="1" juceFolder="">
+ <CONFIGURATIONS>
+ <CONFIGURATION name="Debug" winWarningLevel="4" generateManifest="1" winArchitecture="32-bit"
+ isDebug="1" optimisation="1" targetName="LuaBridgeTests" libraryPath=""
+ headerPath="../../../Lua"/>
+ <CONFIGURATION name="Release" winWarningLevel="4" generateManifest="1" winArchitecture="32-bit"
+ isDebug="0" optimisation="2" targetName="LuaBridgeTests" libraryPath=""
+ headerPath="../../../Lua"/>
+ </CONFIGURATIONS>
+ </VS2010>
+ <VS2008 targetFolder="Builds/VisualStudio2008" libraryType="1" juceFolder="..\..\..\AppletJUCE\AppletJUCE\JUCE\modules">
+ <CONFIGURATIONS>
+ <CONFIGURATION name="Debug" winWarningLevel="4" generateManifest="1" isDebug="1"
+ optimisation="1" targetName="LuaBridgeTests" headerPath="../../../Lua"/>
+ <CONFIGURATION name="Release" winWarningLevel="4" generateManifest="1" isDebug="0"
+ optimisation="2" targetName="LuaBridgeTests" headerPath="../../../Lua"/>
+ </CONFIGURATIONS>
+ </VS2008>
+ <XCODE_MAC targetFolder="Builds/MacOSX" objCExtraSuffix="EriIOm" juceFolder="..\..\..\AppletJUCE\AppletJUCE\JUCE\modules">
+ <CONFIGURATIONS>
+ <CONFIGURATION name="Debug" isDebug="1" optimisation="1" targetName="LuaBridgeTests"
+ osxSDK="default" osxCompatibility="default" osxArchitecture="default"
+ headerPath="../../../Lua"/>
+ <CONFIGURATION name="Release" isDebug="0" optimisation="2" targetName="LuaBridgeTests"
+ osxSDK="default" osxCompatibility="default" osxArchitecture="default"
+ headerPath="../../../Lua"/>
+ </CONFIGURATIONS>
+ </XCODE_MAC>
+ <LINUX_MAKE targetFolder="Builds/Linux" juceFolder="..\..\..\AppletJUCE\AppletJUCE\JUCE\modules">
+ <CONFIGURATIONS>
+ <CONFIGURATION name="Debug" libraryPath="/usr/X11R6/lib/" isDebug="1" optimisation="1"
+ targetName="LuaBridgeTests" headerPath="../../../Lua"/>
+ <CONFIGURATION name="Release" libraryPath="/usr/X11R6/lib/" isDebug="0" optimisation="2"
+ targetName="LuaBridgeTests" headerPath="../../../Lua"/>
+ </CONFIGURATIONS>
+ </LINUX_MAKE>
+ <XCODE_IPHONE targetFolder="Builds/iOS" objCExtraSuffix="OWVkUx" juceFolder="..\..\..\AppletJUCE\AppletJUCE\JUCE\modules">
+ <CONFIGURATIONS>
+ <CONFIGURATION name="Debug" isDebug="1" optimisation="1" targetName="LuaBridgeTests"
+ iosCompatibility="default" headerPath="../../../Lua"/>
+ <CONFIGURATION name="Release" isDebug="0" optimisation="2" targetName="LuaBridgeTests"
+ iosCompatibility="default" headerPath="../../../Lua"/>
+ </CONFIGURATIONS>
+ </XCODE_IPHONE>
+ </EXPORTFORMATS>
+ <MAINGROUP id="kYv0Du" name="LuaBridgeTests">
+ <GROUP id="{55AED8F4-5137-470B-5691-B54E0FC42E4C}" name="Lua">
+ <FILE id="bYVpxI" name="LuaLibrary.h" compile="0" resource="0" file="../Lua/LuaLibrary.h"/>
+ <FILE id="W6VAVJ" name="LuaLibrary5.1.5.cpp" compile="1" resource="0"
+ file="../Lua/LuaLibrary5.1.5.cpp"/>
+ <FILE id="ababvZ" name="LuaLibrary5.2.0.cpp" compile="1" resource="0"
+ file="../Lua/LuaLibrary5.2.0.cpp"/>
+ </GROUP>
+ <GROUP id="{3FF76B2F-00BF-EB5F-76E0-C07F30498B91}" name="LuaBridge">
+ <FILE id="IGA3Cq" name="LuaBridge.h" compile="0" resource="0" file="../LuaBridge/LuaBridge.h"/>
+ <FILE id="tSrWTv" name="RefCountedObject.h" compile="0" resource="0"
+ file="../LuaBridge/RefCountedObject.h"/>
+ <FILE id="elDjma" name="RefCountedPtr.h" compile="0" resource="0" file="../LuaBridge/RefCountedPtr.h"/>
+ </GROUP>
+ <GROUP id="{077A9A84-32D7-C467-DD50-0CC70DE4B5EE}" name="Source">
+ <FILE id="pzeo5J" name="Performance.cpp" compile="1" resource="0" file="Source/Performance.cpp"/>
+ <FILE id="F47jBG" name="Performance.h" compile="0" resource="0" file="Source/Performance.h"/>
+ <FILE id="B21XbB" name="Tests.cpp" compile="0" resource="0" file="Source/Tests.cpp"/>
+ <FILE id="tT3RVM" name="Tests.h" compile="0" resource="0" file="Source/Tests.h"/>
+ <FILE id="PlJyT6" name="Tests.lua" compile="0" resource="1" file="Source/Tests.lua"/>
+ <FILE id="yhQDiV" name="TestsMain.cpp" compile="1" resource="0" file="Source/TestsMain.cpp"/>
+ </GROUP>
+ </MAINGROUP>
+ <MODULES>
+ <MODULE id="juce_gui_audio" showAllCode="1" useLocalCopy="1"/>
+ </MODULES>
+ <JUCEOPTIONS/>
+</JUCERPROJECT>
--- /dev/null
+# LuaBridge Unit Tests
+
+## Lunix and MacOS
+
+Have CMake 3.5+ and a compiler supporting C++11 installed.
+
+Run cmake to generate Makefiles:
+
+```sh
+mkdir build
+cd build
+cmake ..
+```
+
+Build the project:
+
+```sh
+make -j
+```
+
+Run tests from the `build` directory:
+
+```sh
+./Tests/LuaBridgeTests51
+./Tests/LuaBridgeTests52
+```
+
+# Windows
+
+Have CMake 3.5+ and MSVC 215 or 2017 installed.
+
+Run cmake to generate MSVC solution and project files (run `cmake -G` to see all variants):
+
+```cmd
+mkdir build
+cd build
+# either
+cmake -G Visual Studio 14 2015 ..
+# or
+cmake -G Visual Studio 15 2017 ..
+```
+
+Open the solution `LuaBridge.sln` in MSVC.
+
+Set `LuaBridgeTests51` or `LuaBridgeTests52` as a startup project and run it.
--- /dev/null
+// https://github.com/vinniefalco/LuaBridge
+//
+// Copyright 2019, Dmitry Tarakanov
+// SPDX-License-Identifier: MIT
+
+#include "TestBase.h"
+
+#include <exception>
+#include <map>
+#include <memory>
+
+struct ClassTests : TestBase
+{
+ template <class T>
+ T variable (const std::string& name)
+ {
+ runLua ("result = " + name);
+ return result <T> ();
+ }
+};
+
+namespace {
+
+struct EmptyBase
+{
+};
+
+template <class T, class Base>
+struct Class : Base
+{
+ Class ()
+ : data ()
+ {
+ }
+
+ Class (T data)
+ : data (data)
+ {
+ }
+
+ static Class <T, Base> staticFunction (Class <T, Base> value)
+ {
+ return value;
+ }
+
+ std::string toString () const
+ {
+ std::ostringstream stream;
+ stream << data;
+ return stream.str ();
+ }
+
+ bool operator== (const Class <T, Base>& rhs) const
+ {
+ return data == rhs.data;
+ }
+
+ bool operator< (const Class <T, Base>& rhs) const
+ {
+ return data < rhs.data;
+ }
+
+ bool operator<= (const Class <T, Base>& rhs) const
+ {
+ return data <= rhs.data;
+ }
+
+ Class <T, Base> operator+ (const Class <T, Base>& rhs) const
+ {
+ return Class <T, Base> (data + rhs.data);
+ }
+
+ Class <T, Base> operator- (const Class <T, Base>& rhs) const
+ {
+ return Class <T, Base> (data - rhs.data);
+ }
+
+ Class <T, Base> operator* (const Class <T, Base>& rhs) const
+ {
+ return Class <T, Base> (data * rhs.data);
+ }
+
+ Class <T, Base> operator/ (const Class <T, Base>& rhs) const
+ {
+ return Class <T, Base> (data / rhs.data);
+ }
+
+ Class <T, Base> operator% (const Class <T, Base>& rhs) const
+ {
+ return Class <T, Base> (data % rhs.data);
+ }
+
+ Class <T, Base> operator() (T param)
+ {
+ return Class <T, Base> (param);
+ }
+
+ int len () const
+ {
+ return data;
+ }
+
+ Class <T, Base> negate () const
+ {
+ return Class <T, Base> (-data);
+ }
+
+ T method (T value)
+ {
+ return value;
+ }
+
+ T methodState (T value, lua_State*)
+ {
+ return value;
+ }
+
+ T constMethod (T value) const
+ {
+ return value;
+ }
+
+ T getData () const
+ {
+ return data;
+ }
+
+ void setData (T data)
+ {
+ this->data = data;
+ }
+
+ T getDataState (lua_State*) const
+ {
+ return data;
+ }
+
+ void setDataState (T data, lua_State*)
+ {
+ this->data = data;
+ }
+
+ mutable T data;
+ static T staticData;
+};
+
+template <class T, class Base>
+T Class <T, Base>::staticData = {};
+
+} // namespace
+
+TEST_F (ClassTests, PassingUnregisteredClassToLuaThrows)
+{
+ using Unregistered = Class <int, EmptyBase>;
+
+ runLua ("function process_fn (value) end");
+
+ auto process_fn = luabridge::getGlobal (L, "process_fn");
+ ASSERT_TRUE (process_fn.isFunction ());
+
+ Unregistered value (1);
+ const Unregistered constValue (2);
+ ASSERT_THROW (process_fn (value), std::exception);
+ ASSERT_THROW (process_fn (constValue), std::exception);
+ ASSERT_THROW (process_fn (&value), std::exception);
+ ASSERT_THROW (process_fn (&constValue), std::exception);
+}
+
+TEST_F (ClassTests, PassWrongClassFromLuaThrows)
+{
+ using Right = Class <int, EmptyBase>;
+ using WrongBase = Class <float, EmptyBase>;
+ using Wrong = Class <int, WrongBase>;
+
+ luabridge::getGlobalNamespace (L)
+ .beginClass <Right> ("Right")
+ .endClass ()
+ .beginClass <WrongBase> ("WrongBase")
+ .endClass ()
+ .beginClass <Wrong> ("Wrong")
+ .addConstructor <void (*) (int)> ()
+ .endClass ()
+ .addFunction ("processRight", &Right::staticFunction);
+
+ // bad argument #1 to 'processRight' (Right expected, got Wrong)
+ ASSERT_THROW (runLua ("result = processRight (Wrong (5))"), std::exception);
+ ASSERT_TRUE (result ().isNil ());
+}
+
+TEST_F (ClassTests, PassDerivedClassInsteadOfBase)
+{
+ using Base = Class <int, EmptyBase>;
+ using Derived = Class <float, Base>;
+
+ luabridge::getGlobalNamespace (L)
+ .beginClass <Base> ("Base")
+ .endClass ()
+ .deriveClass <Derived, Base> ("Derived")
+ .addConstructor <void (*) (float)> ()
+ .endClass ()
+ .addFunction ("processBase", &Base::staticFunction);
+
+ runLua ("result = processBase (Derived (3.14))");
+ ASSERT_EQ (0, result <Base> ().data);
+}
+
+namespace {
+
+template <class T, class Base>
+T processNonConst (Class <T, Base>* object)
+{
+ return object->data;
+}
+
+} // namespace
+
+TEST_F (ClassTests, PassConstClassInsteadOfNonConstThrows)
+{
+ using Base = Class <int, EmptyBase>;
+ using Derived = Class <float, Base>;
+
+ luabridge::getGlobalNamespace (L)
+ .beginClass <Base> ("Base")
+ .endClass ()
+ .deriveClass <Derived, Base> ("Derived")
+ .endClass ()
+ .addFunction ("processNonConst", &processNonConst <float, Base>);
+
+ const Derived constObject (1.2f);
+ luabridge::setGlobal (L, &constObject, "constObject");
+
+ // bad argument #1 to 'processNonConst' (Derived expected, got const Derived)
+ ASSERT_THROW (runLua ("result = processNonConst (constObject)"), std::exception);
+ ASSERT_TRUE (result ().isNil ());
+}
+
+TEST_F (ClassTests, PassOtherTypeInsteadOfNonConstThrows)
+{
+ using Int = Class <int, EmptyBase>;
+
+ luabridge::getGlobalNamespace (L)
+ .beginClass <Int> ("Int")
+ .addConstructor <void (*) (int)> () // Show that it does't matter
+ .endClass ()
+ .addFunction ("processNonConst", &processNonConst <int, EmptyBase>);
+
+ // bad argument #1 to 'processNonConst' (Int expected, got number)
+ ASSERT_THROW (runLua ("result = processNonConst (1)"), std::exception);
+ ASSERT_TRUE (result ().isNil ());
+}
+
+TEST_F (ClassTests, PassRegisteredClassInsteadOfUnregisteredThrows)
+{
+ using Int = Class <int, EmptyBase>;
+ using Float = Class <float, EmptyBase>;
+
+ luabridge::getGlobalNamespace (L)
+ .beginClass <Float> ("Float")
+ .addConstructor <void (*) (float)> ()
+ .endClass ()
+ .addFunction ("processUnregisteredInt", &Int::staticFunction);
+
+ // bad argument #1 to 'processUnregisteredInt' (unregistered class expected, got Float)
+ ASSERT_THROW (runLua ("result = processUnregisteredInt (Float (1.2))"), std::exception);
+ ASSERT_TRUE (result ().isNil ());
+}
+
+namespace {
+
+Class <int, EmptyBase>& returnRef ()
+{
+ static Class <int, EmptyBase> value (1);
+ return value;
+}
+
+const Class <int, EmptyBase>& returnConstRef ()
+{
+ return returnRef ();
+}
+
+Class <int, EmptyBase>* returnPtr ()
+{
+ return &returnRef ();
+}
+
+const Class <int, EmptyBase>* returnConstPtr ()
+{
+ return &returnConstRef ();
+}
+
+Class <int, EmptyBase> returnValue ()
+{
+ return Class <int, EmptyBase> (2);
+}
+
+void addHelperFunctions (lua_State* L)
+{
+ luabridge::getGlobalNamespace (L)
+ .addFunction ("returnRef", &returnRef)
+ .addFunction ("returnConstRef", &returnConstRef)
+ .addFunction ("returnPtr", &returnPtr)
+ .addFunction ("returnConstPtr", &returnConstPtr)
+ .addFunction ("returnValue", &returnValue);
+}
+
+} // namespace
+
+TEST_F (ClassTests, PassingUnregisteredClassFromLuaThrows)
+{
+ using Unregistered = Class <int, EmptyBase>;
+
+ luabridge::getGlobalNamespace (L)
+ .addFunction ("returnRef", &returnRef)
+ .addFunction ("returnConstRef", &returnConstRef)
+ .addFunction ("returnPtr", &returnPtr)
+ .addFunction ("returnConstPtr", &returnConstPtr)
+ .addFunction ("returnValue", &returnValue);
+
+ ASSERT_THROW (runLua ("result = returnRef ()"), std::exception);
+ ASSERT_THROW (runLua ("result = returnConstRef ()"), std::exception);
+ ASSERT_THROW (runLua ("result = returnPtr ()"), std::exception);
+ ASSERT_THROW (runLua ("result = returnConstPtr ()"), std::exception);
+ ASSERT_THROW (runLua ("result = returnValue ()"), std::exception);
+}
+
+TEST_F (ClassTests, DeriveFromUnregisteredClassThrows)
+{
+ using Base = Class <int, EmptyBase>;
+ using Derived = Class <float, Base>;
+
+ ASSERT_THROW (
+ (luabridge::getGlobalNamespace (L).deriveClass <Derived, Base> ("Derived")),
+ std::exception);
+
+ ASSERT_EQ (1, lua_gettop (L));
+}
+
+struct ClassFunctions : ClassTests
+{
+};
+
+TEST_F (ClassFunctions, MemberFunctions)
+{
+ using Int = Class <int, EmptyBase>;
+
+ luabridge::getGlobalNamespace (L)
+ .beginClass <Int> ("Int")
+ .addFunction ("method", &Int::method)
+ .endClass ();
+
+ addHelperFunctions (L);
+
+ runLua ("result = returnRef ():method (1)");
+ ASSERT_EQ (1, result <int> ());
+
+ runLua ("result = returnConstRef ().method"); // Don't call, just get
+ ASSERT_TRUE (result ().isNil ());
+
+ runLua ("result = returnPtr ():method (2)");
+ ASSERT_EQ (2, result <int> ());
+
+ runLua("result = returnConstPtr ().method"); // Don't call, just get
+ ASSERT_TRUE (result ().isNil ());
+
+ runLua ("result = returnValue ():method (3)");
+ ASSERT_EQ (3, result <int> ());
+}
+
+TEST_F (ClassFunctions, MemberFunctions_PassState)
+{
+ using Int = Class <int, EmptyBase>;
+
+ luabridge::getGlobalNamespace (L)
+ .beginClass <Int> ("Int")
+ .addFunction ("method", &Int::methodState)
+ .endClass ();
+
+ addHelperFunctions (L);
+
+ runLua ("result = returnRef ():method (1)");
+ ASSERT_EQ (1, result <int> ());
+
+ runLua ("result = returnConstRef ().method"); // Don't call, just get
+ ASSERT_TRUE (result ().isNil ());
+
+ runLua ("result = returnPtr ():method (2)");
+ ASSERT_EQ (2, result <int> ());
+
+ runLua("result = returnConstPtr ().method"); // Don't call, just get
+ ASSERT_TRUE (result ().isNil ());
+
+ runLua ("result = returnValue ():method (3)");
+ ASSERT_EQ (3, result <int> ());
+}
+
+TEST_F (ClassFunctions, ConstMemberFunctions)
+{
+ using Int = Class <int, EmptyBase>;
+
+ luabridge::getGlobalNamespace (L)
+ .beginClass <Int> ("Int")
+ .addFunction ("constMethod", &Int::constMethod)
+ .endClass ();
+
+ addHelperFunctions (L);
+
+ runLua ("result = returnRef ():constMethod (1)");
+ ASSERT_EQ (1, result <int> ());
+
+ runLua ("result = returnConstRef ():constMethod (2)");
+ ASSERT_EQ (2, result <int> ());
+
+ runLua ("result = returnPtr ():constMethod (3)");
+ ASSERT_EQ (3, result <int> ());
+
+ runLua ("result = returnConstPtr ():constMethod (4)");
+ ASSERT_EQ (4, result <int> ());
+
+ runLua ("result = returnValue ():constMethod (5)");
+ ASSERT_EQ (5, result <int> ());
+}
+
+#ifdef LUABRIDGE_CXX11
+
+namespace {
+
+template <class T, class Base>
+T proxyFunction (Class <T, Base>* object, T value)
+{
+ object->data = value;
+ return value;
+}
+
+template <class T, class Base>
+T proxyFunctionState (Class <T, Base>* object, T value, lua_State*)
+{
+ object->data = value;
+ return value;
+}
+
+template <class T, class Base>
+T proxyConstFunction (const Class <T, Base>* object, T value)
+{
+ return value;
+}
+
+} // namespace
+
+TEST_F (ClassFunctions, ProxyFunctions)
+{
+ using Int = Class <int, EmptyBase>;
+
+ luabridge::getGlobalNamespace (L)
+ .beginClass <Int> ("Int")
+ .addFunction ("method", &proxyFunction <int, EmptyBase>)
+ .endClass ();
+
+ addHelperFunctions (L);
+
+ runLua ("result = returnRef ():method (1)");
+ ASSERT_EQ (1, result <int> ());
+
+ runLua ("result = returnConstRef ().method"); // Don't call, just get
+ ASSERT_TRUE (result ().isNil ());
+
+ runLua ("result = returnPtr ():method (2)");
+ ASSERT_EQ (2, result <int> ());
+
+ runLua("result = returnConstPtr ().method"); // Don't call, just get
+ ASSERT_TRUE (result ().isNil ());
+
+ runLua ("result = returnValue ():method (3)");
+ ASSERT_EQ (3, result <int> ());
+}
+
+TEST_F (ClassFunctions, ProxyFunctions_PassState)
+{
+ using Int = Class <int, EmptyBase>;
+
+ luabridge::getGlobalNamespace (L)
+ .beginClass <Int> ("Int")
+ .addFunction ("method", &proxyFunctionState <int, EmptyBase>)
+ .endClass ();
+
+ addHelperFunctions (L);
+
+ runLua ("result = returnRef ():method (1)");
+ ASSERT_EQ (1, result <int> ());
+
+ runLua ("result = returnConstRef ().method"); // Don't call, just get
+ ASSERT_TRUE (result ().isNil ());
+
+ runLua ("result = returnPtr ():method (2)");
+ ASSERT_EQ (2, result <int> ());
+
+ runLua("result = returnConstPtr ().method"); // Don't call, just get
+ ASSERT_TRUE (result ().isNil ());
+
+ runLua ("result = returnValue ():method (3)");
+ ASSERT_EQ (3, result <int> ());
+}
+
+TEST_F (ClassFunctions, ConstProxyFunctions)
+{
+ using Int = Class <int, EmptyBase>;
+
+ luabridge::getGlobalNamespace (L)
+ .beginClass <Int> ("Int")
+ .addFunction ("constMethod", &proxyConstFunction <int, EmptyBase>)
+ .endClass ();
+
+ addHelperFunctions (L);
+
+ runLua ("result = returnRef ():constMethod (1)");
+ ASSERT_EQ (1, result <int> ());
+
+ runLua ("result = returnConstRef ():constMethod (2)");
+ ASSERT_EQ (2, result <int> ());
+
+ runLua ("result = returnPtr ():constMethod (3)");
+ ASSERT_EQ (3, result <int> ());
+
+ runLua ("result = returnConstPtr ():constMethod (4)");
+ ASSERT_EQ (4, result <int> ());
+
+ runLua ("result = returnValue ():constMethod (5)");
+ ASSERT_EQ (5, result <int> ());
+}
+
+TEST_F (ClassFunctions, StdFunctions)
+{
+ using Int = Class <int, EmptyBase>;
+
+ auto sharedData = std::make_shared <int> ();
+ std::weak_ptr <int> data = sharedData; // Check __gc meta-method
+
+ std::function <int (Int*, int)> function = [sharedData] (Int* object, int value)
+ {
+ object->data = value;
+ return value;
+ };
+
+ luabridge::getGlobalNamespace (L)
+ .beginClass <Int> ("Int")
+ .addFunction ("method", std::move(function))
+ .endClass ();
+
+ sharedData = nullptr;
+ ASSERT_FALSE (data.expired ());
+
+ addHelperFunctions (L);
+
+ runLua ("result = returnRef ():method (1)");
+ ASSERT_EQ (1, result <int> ());
+
+ runLua ("result = returnConstRef ().method"); // Don't call, just get
+ ASSERT_TRUE (result ().isNil ());
+
+ runLua ("result = returnPtr ():method (2)");
+ ASSERT_EQ (2, result <int> ());
+
+ runLua("result = returnConstPtr ().method"); // Don't call, just get
+ ASSERT_TRUE (result ().isNil ());
+
+ runLua ("result = returnValue ():method (3)");
+ ASSERT_EQ (3, result <int> ());
+
+ runLua ("result = nil");
+ lua_close (L); // Force garbage collection
+ L = nullptr;
+
+ ASSERT_TRUE (data.expired());
+}
+
+TEST_F (ClassFunctions, StdFunctions_PassState)
+{
+ using Int = Class <int, EmptyBase>;
+
+ auto sharedData = std::make_shared <int> ();
+ std::weak_ptr <int> data = sharedData; // Check __gc meta-method
+
+ std::function <int (Int*, int, lua_State*)> function = [sharedData] (Int* object, int value, lua_State*)
+ {
+ object->data = value;
+ return value;
+ };
+
+ luabridge::getGlobalNamespace (L)
+ .beginClass <Int> ("Int")
+ .addFunction ("method", std::move(function))
+ .endClass ();
+
+ sharedData = nullptr;
+ ASSERT_FALSE (data.expired ());
+
+ addHelperFunctions (L);
+
+ runLua ("result = returnRef ():method (1)");
+ ASSERT_EQ (1, result <int> ());
+
+ runLua ("result = returnConstRef ().method"); // Don't call, just get
+ ASSERT_TRUE (result ().isNil ());
+
+ runLua ("result = returnPtr ():method (2)");
+ ASSERT_EQ (2, result <int> ());
+
+ runLua("result = returnConstPtr ().method"); // Don't call, just get
+ ASSERT_TRUE (result ().isNil ());
+
+ runLua ("result = returnValue ():method (3)");
+ ASSERT_EQ (3, result <int> ());
+
+ runLua ("result = nil");
+ lua_close (L); // Force garbage collection
+ L = nullptr;
+
+ ASSERT_TRUE (data.expired());
+}
+
+TEST_F (ClassFunctions, ConstStdFunctions)
+{
+ using Int = Class <int, EmptyBase>;
+
+ auto sharedData = std::make_shared <int> ();
+ std::weak_ptr <int> data = sharedData; // Check __gc meta-method
+
+ std::function <int (const Int*, int)> function = [sharedData] (const Int* object, int value)
+ {
+ object->data = value;
+ return value;
+ };
+
+ luabridge::getGlobalNamespace (L)
+ .beginClass <Int> ("Int")
+ .addFunction ("constMethod", std::move(function))
+ .endClass ();
+
+ sharedData = nullptr;
+ ASSERT_FALSE (data.expired ());
+
+ addHelperFunctions (L);
+
+ runLua ("result = returnRef ():constMethod (1)");
+ ASSERT_EQ (1, result <int> ());
+
+ runLua ("result = returnConstRef ():constMethod (2)");
+ ASSERT_EQ (2, result <int> ());
+
+ runLua ("result = returnPtr ():constMethod (3)");
+ ASSERT_EQ (3, result <int> ());
+
+ runLua ("result = returnConstPtr ():constMethod (4)");
+ ASSERT_EQ (4, result <int> ());
+
+ runLua ("result = returnValue ():constMethod (5)");
+ ASSERT_EQ (5, result <int> ());
+
+ runLua ("result = nil");
+ lua_close (L); // Force garbage collection
+ L = nullptr;
+
+ ASSERT_TRUE (data.expired());
+}
+
+#endif // LUABRIDGE_CXX11
+
+struct ClassProperties : ClassTests
+{
+};
+
+TEST_F (ClassProperties, FieldPointers)
+{
+ using Int = Class <int, EmptyBase>;
+
+ luabridge::getGlobalNamespace (L)
+ .beginClass <Int> ("Int")
+ .addConstructor <void (*) (int)> ()
+ .addProperty ("data", &Int::data, true)
+ .endClass ();
+
+ runLua ("result = Int (501)");
+ ASSERT_TRUE (result () ["data"].isNumber ());
+ ASSERT_EQ (501, result () ["data"].cast <int> ());
+
+ runLua ("result.data = 2");
+ ASSERT_TRUE (result () ["data"].isNumber ());
+ ASSERT_EQ (2, result () ["data"].cast <int> ());
+
+ runLua ("result = Int (42).data");
+ ASSERT_TRUE (result ().isNumber ());
+ ASSERT_EQ (42, result <int> ());
+}
+
+TEST_F (ClassProperties, FieldPointers_ReadOnly)
+{
+ using Int = Class <int, EmptyBase>;
+
+ luabridge::getGlobalNamespace (L)
+ .beginClass <Int> ("Int")
+ .addConstructor <void (*) (int)> ()
+ .addProperty ("data", &Int::data, false)
+ .endClass ();
+
+ runLua ("result = Int (501)");
+ ASSERT_TRUE (result () ["data"].isNumber ());
+ ASSERT_EQ (501, result () ["data"].cast <int> ());
+
+ ASSERT_THROW (runLua ("result.data = 2"), std::exception);
+
+ runLua ("result = Int (42).data");
+ ASSERT_TRUE (result ().isNumber ());
+ ASSERT_EQ (42, result <int> ());
+}
+
+TEST_F (ClassProperties, MemberFunctions)
+{
+ using Int = Class <int, EmptyBase>;
+
+ luabridge::getGlobalNamespace (L)
+ .beginClass <Int> ("Int")
+ .addConstructor <void (*) (int)> ()
+ .addProperty ("data", &Int::getData, &Int::setData)
+ .endClass ();
+
+ runLua ("result = Int (501)");
+ ASSERT_TRUE (result () ["data"].isNumber ());
+ ASSERT_EQ (501, result () ["data"].cast <int> ());
+
+ runLua ("result.data = -2");
+ ASSERT_TRUE (result () ["data"].isNumber ());
+ ASSERT_EQ (-2, result () ["data"].cast <int> ());
+}
+
+TEST_F (ClassProperties, MemberFunctions_PassState)
+{
+ using Int = Class <int, EmptyBase>;
+
+ luabridge::getGlobalNamespace (L)
+ .beginClass <Int> ("Int")
+ .addConstructor <void (*) (int)> ()
+ .addProperty ("data", &Int::getDataState, &Int::setDataState)
+ .endClass ();
+
+ runLua ("result = Int (501)");
+ ASSERT_TRUE (result () ["data"].isNumber ());
+ ASSERT_EQ (501, result () ["data"].cast <int> ());
+
+ runLua ("result.data = -2");
+ ASSERT_TRUE (result () ["data"].isNumber ());
+ ASSERT_EQ (-2, result () ["data"].cast <int> ());
+}
+
+TEST_F (ClassProperties, MemberFunctions_ReadOnly)
+{
+ using Int = Class <int, EmptyBase>;
+
+ luabridge::getGlobalNamespace (L)
+ .beginClass <Int> ("Int")
+ .addConstructor <void (*) (int)> ()
+ .addProperty ("data", &Int::getData)
+ .endClass ();
+
+ runLua ("result = Int (501)");
+ ASSERT_TRUE (result () ["data"].isNumber ());
+ ASSERT_EQ (501, result () ["data"].cast <int> ());
+
+ ASSERT_THROW (runLua ("result.data = -2"), std::exception);
+ ASSERT_EQ (501, result () ["data"].cast <int> ());
+}
+
+TEST_F (ClassProperties, MemberFunctions_Derived)
+{
+ using Base = Class <std::string, EmptyBase>;
+ using Derived = Class <int, Base>;
+
+ luabridge::getGlobalNamespace (L)
+ .beginClass <Base> ("Base")
+ .addProperty ("data", &Base::getData, &Base::setData)
+ .endClass ()
+ .deriveClass <Derived, Base> ("Derived")
+ .endClass ();
+
+ Derived derived (12);
+ derived.Base::data = "abc";
+ luabridge::setGlobal (L, &derived, "derived");
+
+ runLua ("result = derived.data");
+ ASSERT_TRUE (result ().isString ());
+ ASSERT_EQ ("abc", result <std::string> ());
+
+ runLua ("derived.data = 5"); // Lua just casts integer to string
+ ASSERT_EQ ("5", derived.Base::data);
+ ASSERT_EQ (12, derived.data);
+
+ runLua ("derived.data = '123'");
+ ASSERT_EQ ("123", derived.Base::data);
+ ASSERT_EQ (12, derived.data);
+}
+
+TEST_F (ClassProperties, MemberFunctions_Overridden)
+{
+ using Base = Class <float, EmptyBase>;
+ using Derived = Class <int, Base>;
+
+ luabridge::getGlobalNamespace (L)
+ .beginClass <Base> ("Base")
+ .addProperty ("data", &Base::getData, &Base::setData)
+ .endClass ()
+ .deriveClass <Derived, Base> ("Derived")
+ .addProperty ("data", &Derived::getData, &Derived::setData)
+ .endClass ();
+
+ Derived derived (50);
+ derived.Base::data = 1.23f;
+ luabridge::setGlobal (L, static_cast <Base*> (&derived), "base");
+ luabridge::setGlobal (L, &derived, "derived");
+
+ runLua ("result = base.data");
+ ASSERT_TRUE (result ().isNumber ());
+ ASSERT_EQ (1.23f, result <float> ());
+
+ runLua ("result = derived.data");
+ ASSERT_TRUE (result ().isNumber ());
+ ASSERT_EQ (50, result <int> ());
+
+ runLua ("base.data = -3.14");
+ ASSERT_EQ (-3.14f, derived.Base::data);
+ ASSERT_EQ (50, derived.data);
+
+ runLua ("derived.data = 7");
+ ASSERT_EQ (-3.14f, derived.Base::data);
+ ASSERT_EQ (7, derived.data);
+}
+
+namespace {
+
+template <class T, class BaseClass>
+T getData (const Class <T, BaseClass>* object)
+{
+ return object->data;
+}
+
+template <class T, class BaseClass>
+void setData (Class <T, BaseClass>* object, T data)
+{
+ object->data = data;
+}
+
+} // namespace
+
+TEST_F (ClassProperties, ProxyFunctions)
+{
+ using Int = Class <int, EmptyBase>;
+
+ luabridge::getGlobalNamespace (L)
+ .beginClass <Int> ("Int")
+ .addConstructor <void (*) (int)> ()
+ .addProperty ("data", &getData <int, EmptyBase>, &setData <int, EmptyBase>)
+ .endClass ();
+
+ runLua ("result = Int (501)");
+ ASSERT_TRUE (result () ["data"].isNumber ());
+ ASSERT_EQ (501, result () ["data"].cast <int> ());
+
+ runLua ("result.data = -2");
+ ASSERT_TRUE (result () ["data"].isNumber ());
+ ASSERT_EQ (-2, result () ["data"].cast <int> ());
+}
+
+TEST_F (ClassProperties, ProxyFunctions_ReadOnly)
+{
+ using Int = Class <int, EmptyBase>;
+
+ luabridge::getGlobalNamespace (L)
+ .beginClass <Int> ("Int")
+ .addConstructor <void (*) (int)> ()
+ .addProperty ("data", &getData <int, EmptyBase>)
+ .endClass ();
+
+ runLua ("result = Int (501)");
+ ASSERT_TRUE (result () ["data"].isNumber ());
+ ASSERT_EQ (501, result () ["data"].cast <int> ());
+
+ ASSERT_THROW (runLua ("result.data = -2"), std::exception);
+ ASSERT_EQ (501, result () ["data"].cast <int> ());
+}
+
+TEST_F (ClassProperties, ProxyFunctions_Derived)
+{
+ using Base = Class <std::string, EmptyBase>;
+ using Derived = Class <int, Base>;
+
+ luabridge::getGlobalNamespace (L)
+ .beginClass <Base> ("Base")
+ .addProperty ("data", &getData <std::string, EmptyBase>, &setData <std::string, EmptyBase>)
+ .endClass ()
+ .deriveClass <Derived, Base> ("Derived")
+ .endClass ();
+
+ Derived derived (12);
+ derived.Base::data = "abc";
+ luabridge::setGlobal (L, &derived, "derived");
+
+ runLua ("result = derived.data");
+ ASSERT_TRUE (result ().isString ());
+ ASSERT_EQ ("abc", result <std::string> ());
+
+ runLua ("derived.data = 5"); // Lua just casts integer to string
+ ASSERT_EQ ("5", derived.Base::data);
+ ASSERT_EQ (12, derived.data);
+
+ runLua ("derived.data = '123'");
+ ASSERT_EQ ("123", derived.Base::data);
+ ASSERT_EQ (12, derived.data);
+}
+
+TEST_F (ClassProperties, ProxyFunctions_Overridden)
+{
+ using Base = Class <float, EmptyBase>;
+ using Derived = Class <int, Base>;
+
+ luabridge::getGlobalNamespace (L)
+ .beginClass <Base> ("Base")
+ .addProperty("data", &getData <float, EmptyBase>, &setData <float, EmptyBase>)
+ .endClass ()
+ .deriveClass <Derived, Base> ("Derived")
+ .addProperty ("data", &getData <int, Base>, &setData <int, Base>)
+ .endClass ();
+
+ Derived derived (50);
+ derived.Base::data = 1.23f;
+ luabridge::setGlobal (L, static_cast <Base*> (&derived), "base");
+ luabridge::setGlobal (L, &derived, "derived");
+
+ runLua ("result = base.data");
+ ASSERT_TRUE (result ().isNumber ());
+ ASSERT_EQ (1.23f, result <float> ());
+
+ runLua ("result = derived.data");
+ ASSERT_TRUE (result ().isNumber ());
+ ASSERT_EQ (50, result <int> ());
+
+ runLua ("base.data = -3.14");
+ ASSERT_EQ (-3.14f, derived.Base::data);
+ ASSERT_EQ (50, derived.data);
+
+ runLua ("derived.data = 7");
+ ASSERT_EQ (-3.14f, derived.Base::data);
+ ASSERT_EQ (7, derived.data);
+}
+
+namespace {
+
+template <class T, class BaseClass>
+int getDataC (lua_State* L)
+{
+ auto objectRef = luabridge::LuaRef::fromStack (L, 1);
+ auto* object = objectRef.cast <const Class <T, BaseClass>*> ();
+ luabridge::Stack <T>::push (L, object->data);
+ return 1;
+}
+
+template <class T, class BaseClass>
+int setDataC (lua_State* L)
+{
+ auto objectRef = luabridge::LuaRef::fromStack (L, 1);
+ auto* object = objectRef.cast <const Class <T, BaseClass>*>();
+ auto valueRef = luabridge::LuaRef::fromStack (L, 2);
+ T value = valueRef.cast <T> ();
+ object->data = value;
+ return 0;
+}
+
+} // namespace
+
+TEST_F (ClassProperties, ProxyCFunctions)
+{
+ using Int = Class <int, EmptyBase>;
+
+ luabridge::getGlobalNamespace (L)
+ .beginClass <Int> ("Int")
+ .addConstructor <void (*) (int)> ()
+ .addProperty ("data", &getDataC <int, EmptyBase>, &setDataC <int, EmptyBase>)
+ .endClass ();
+
+ runLua ("result = Int (501)");
+ ASSERT_TRUE (result () ["data"].isNumber ());
+ ASSERT_EQ (501, result () ["data"].cast <int> ());
+
+ runLua ("result.data = -2");
+ ASSERT_TRUE (result () ["data"].isNumber ());
+ ASSERT_EQ (-2, result () ["data"].cast <int> ());
+}
+
+TEST_F (ClassProperties, ProxyCFunctions_ReadOnly)
+{
+ using Int = Class <int, EmptyBase>;
+
+ luabridge::getGlobalNamespace (L)
+ .beginClass <Int> ("Int")
+ .addConstructor <void (*) (int)> ()
+ .addProperty ("data", &getDataC <int, EmptyBase>)
+ .endClass ();
+
+ runLua ("result = Int (501)");
+ ASSERT_TRUE (result () ["data"].isNumber ());
+ ASSERT_EQ (501, result () ["data"].cast <int> ());
+
+ ASSERT_THROW (runLua ("result.data = -2"), std::exception);
+ ASSERT_EQ (501, result () ["data"].cast <int> ());
+}
+
+TEST_F (ClassProperties, ProxyCFunctions_Derived)
+{
+ using Base = Class <std::string, EmptyBase>;
+ using Derived = Class <int, Base>;
+
+ luabridge::getGlobalNamespace (L)
+ .beginClass <Base> ("Base")
+ .addProperty ("data", &getDataC <std::string, EmptyBase>, &setDataC <std::string, EmptyBase>)
+ .endClass ()
+ .deriveClass <Derived, Base> ("Derived")
+ .endClass ();
+
+ Derived derived (12);
+ derived.Base::data = "abc";
+ luabridge::setGlobal (L, &derived, "derived");
+
+ runLua ("result = derived.data");
+ ASSERT_TRUE (result ().isString ());
+ ASSERT_EQ ("abc", result <std::string> ());
+
+ runLua ("derived.data = 5"); // Lua just casts integer to string
+ ASSERT_EQ ("5", derived.Base::data);
+ ASSERT_EQ (12, derived.data);
+
+ runLua ("derived.data = '123'");
+ ASSERT_EQ ("123", derived.Base::data);
+ ASSERT_EQ (12, derived.data);
+}
+
+TEST_F (ClassProperties, ProxyCFunctions_Overridden)
+{
+ using Base = Class <float, EmptyBase>;
+ using Derived = Class <int, Base>;
+
+ luabridge::getGlobalNamespace (L)
+ .beginClass <Base> ("Base")
+ .addProperty ("data", &getDataC <float, EmptyBase>, &setDataC <float, EmptyBase>)
+ .endClass ()
+ .deriveClass <Derived, Base> ("Derived")
+ .addProperty ("data", &getData <int, Base>, &setData <int, Base>)
+ .endClass ();
+
+ Derived derived (50);
+ derived.Base::data = 1.23f;
+ luabridge::setGlobal (L, static_cast <Base*> (&derived), "base");
+ luabridge::setGlobal (L, &derived, "derived");
+
+ runLua ("result = base.data");
+ ASSERT_TRUE (result ().isNumber ());
+ ASSERT_EQ (1.23f, result <float> ());
+
+ runLua ("result = derived.data");
+ ASSERT_TRUE (result ().isNumber ());
+ ASSERT_EQ (50, result <int> ());
+
+ runLua ("base.data = -3.14");
+ ASSERT_EQ (-3.14f, derived.Base::data);
+ ASSERT_EQ (50, derived.data);
+
+ runLua ("derived.data = 7");
+ ASSERT_EQ (-3.14f, derived.Base::data);
+ ASSERT_EQ (7, derived.data);
+}
+
+#ifdef LUABRIDGE_CXX11
+
+TEST_F (ClassProperties, StdFunctions)
+{
+ using Int = Class <int, EmptyBase>;
+
+ auto sharedGetterData = std::make_shared <int> ();
+ std::weak_ptr <int> getterData = sharedGetterData; // Check __gc meta-method
+
+ auto sharedSetterData = std::make_shared <int> ();
+ std::weak_ptr <int> setterData = sharedGetterData; // Check __gc meta-method
+
+ std::function <int (const Int*)> getter = [sharedGetterData] (const Int* object)
+ {
+ return object->data;
+ };
+
+ std::function <void (Int*, int)> setter = [sharedSetterData] (Int* object, int value)
+ {
+ object->data = value;
+ };
+
+ luabridge::getGlobalNamespace (L)
+ .beginClass <Int> ("Int")
+ .addConstructor <void (*) (int)> ()
+ .addProperty ("data", std::move (getter), std::move (setter))
+ .endClass ();
+
+ sharedGetterData = nullptr;
+ ASSERT_FALSE (getterData.expired ());
+
+ sharedSetterData = nullptr;
+ ASSERT_FALSE (setterData.expired());
+
+ runLua ("result = Int (501)");
+ ASSERT_EQ (501, result () ["data"].cast <int> ());
+
+ runLua ("result.data = -2");
+ ASSERT_TRUE (result () ["data"].isNumber ());
+ ASSERT_EQ (-2, result () ["data"].cast <int> ());
+
+ runLua ("result = nil");
+ lua_close (L); // Force garbage collection
+ L = nullptr;
+
+ ASSERT_TRUE (getterData.expired ());
+ ASSERT_TRUE (setterData.expired ());
+}
+
+TEST_F (ClassProperties, StdFunctions_ReadOnly)
+{
+ using Int = Class <int, EmptyBase>;
+
+ auto sharedGetterData = std::make_shared <int> ();
+ std::weak_ptr <int> getterData = sharedGetterData; // Check __gc meta-method
+
+ std::function <int (const Int*)> getter = [sharedGetterData] (const Int* object)
+ {
+ return object->data;
+ };
+
+ luabridge::getGlobalNamespace (L)
+ .beginClass <Int> ("Int")
+ .addConstructor <void (*) (int)> ()
+ .addProperty ("data", std::move (getter))
+ .endClass ();
+
+ sharedGetterData = nullptr;
+ ASSERT_FALSE (getterData.expired ());
+
+ runLua ("result = Int (501)");
+ ASSERT_TRUE (result () ["data"].isNumber ());
+ ASSERT_EQ (501, result () ["data"].cast <int> ());
+
+ ASSERT_THROW (runLua ("result.data = -2"), std::exception);
+ ASSERT_EQ (501, result () ["data"].cast <int> ());
+
+ runLua ("result = nil");
+ lua_close (L); // Force garbage collection
+ L = nullptr;
+
+ ASSERT_TRUE (getterData.expired ());
+}
+
+#endif // LUABRIDGE_CXX11
+
+struct ClassStaticFunctions : ClassTests
+{
+};
+
+TEST_F (ClassStaticFunctions, Functions)
+{
+ using Int = Class <int, EmptyBase>;
+
+ luabridge::getGlobalNamespace (L)
+ .beginClass <Int> ("Int")
+ .addConstructor <void (*) (int)> ()
+ .addStaticFunction ("static", &Int::staticFunction)
+ .endClass ();
+
+ runLua ("result = Int.static (Int (35))");
+ ASSERT_EQ (35, result <Int> ().data);
+}
+
+TEST_F (ClassStaticFunctions, Functions_Derived)
+{
+ using Base = Class <std::string, EmptyBase>;
+ using Derived = Class <int, Base>;
+
+ luabridge::getGlobalNamespace (L)
+ .beginClass <Base> ("Base")
+ .addConstructor <void (*) (std::string)> ()
+ .addStaticFunction ("static", &Base::staticFunction)
+ .endClass ()
+ .deriveClass <Derived, Base> ("Derived")
+ .endClass ();
+
+ runLua ("result = Derived.static (Base ('abc'))");
+ ASSERT_EQ ("abc", result <Base> ().data);
+}
+
+TEST_F (ClassStaticFunctions, Functions_Overridden)
+{
+ using Base = Class <std::string, EmptyBase>;
+ using Derived = Class <int, Base>;
+
+ luabridge::getGlobalNamespace (L)
+ .beginClass <Base> ("Base")
+ .addConstructor <void (*) (std::string)> ()
+ .addStaticFunction ("staticFunction", &Base::staticFunction)
+ .endClass ()
+ .deriveClass <Derived, Base> ("Derived")
+ .addConstructor <void (*) (int)> ()
+ .addStaticFunction ("staticFunction", &Derived::staticFunction)
+ .endClass ();
+
+ runLua ("result = Base.staticFunction (Base ('abc'))");
+ ASSERT_EQ ("abc", result <Base> ().data);
+
+ runLua ("result = Derived.staticFunction (Derived (123))");
+ ASSERT_EQ (123, result <Derived> ().data);
+}
+
+struct ClassStaticProperties : ClassTests
+{
+};
+
+TEST_F (ClassStaticProperties, FieldPointers)
+{
+ using Int = Class <int, EmptyBase>;
+
+ luabridge::getGlobalNamespace (L)
+ .beginClass <Int> ("Int")
+ .addStaticProperty ("staticData", &Int::staticData, true)
+ .endClass ();
+
+ Int::staticData = 10;
+
+ runLua ("result = Int.staticData");
+ ASSERT_TRUE (result ().isNumber ());
+ ASSERT_EQ (10, result <int> ());
+
+ runLua ("Int.staticData = 20");
+ ASSERT_EQ (20, Int::staticData);
+}
+
+TEST_F (ClassStaticProperties, FieldPointers_ReadOnly)
+{
+ using Int = Class <int, EmptyBase>;
+
+ luabridge::getGlobalNamespace (L)
+ .beginClass <Int> ("Int")
+ .addStaticProperty ("staticData", &Int::staticData, false)
+ .endClass ();
+
+ Int::staticData = 10;
+
+ runLua ("result = Int.staticData");
+ ASSERT_TRUE (result ().isNumber ());
+ ASSERT_EQ (10, result <int> ());
+
+ ASSERT_THROW (runLua ("Int.staticData = 20"), std::exception);
+ ASSERT_EQ (10, Int::staticData);
+}
+
+TEST_F (ClassStaticProperties, FieldPointers_Derived)
+{
+ using Base = Class <float, EmptyBase>;
+ using Derived = Class <int, Base>;
+
+ luabridge::getGlobalNamespace (L)
+ .beginClass <Base> ("Base")
+ .addStaticProperty ("staticData", &Base::staticData, true)
+ .endClass ()
+ .deriveClass <Derived, Base> ("Derived")
+ .endClass ();
+
+ Base::staticData = 1.23f;
+ Derived::staticData = 50;
+
+ runLua ("result = Derived.staticData");
+ ASSERT_TRUE (result ().isNumber ());
+ ASSERT_EQ (1.23f, result <float> ());
+
+ runLua ("Derived.staticData = -3.14");
+ ASSERT_EQ (-3.14f, Base::staticData);
+ ASSERT_EQ (50, Derived::staticData);
+}
+
+TEST_F (ClassStaticProperties, FieldPointers_Overridden)
+{
+ using Base = Class <float, EmptyBase>;
+ using Derived = Class <int, Base>;
+
+ luabridge::getGlobalNamespace (L)
+ .beginClass <Base> ("Base")
+ .addStaticProperty ("staticData", &Base::staticData, true)
+ .endClass ()
+ .deriveClass <Derived, Base> ("Derived")
+ .addStaticProperty ("staticData", &Derived::staticData, true)
+ .endClass ();
+
+ Base::staticData = 1.23f;
+ Derived::staticData = 50;
+
+ runLua ("result = Base.staticData");
+ ASSERT_TRUE (result ().isNumber ());
+ ASSERT_EQ (1.23f, result <float> ());
+
+ runLua ("result = Derived.staticData");
+ ASSERT_TRUE (result ().isNumber ());
+ ASSERT_EQ (50, result <int> ());
+
+ runLua ("Base.staticData = -3.14");
+ ASSERT_EQ (-3.14f, Base::staticData);
+ ASSERT_EQ (50, Derived::staticData);
+
+ runLua ("Derived.staticData = 7");
+ ASSERT_EQ (-3.14f, Base::staticData);
+ ASSERT_EQ (7, Derived::staticData);
+}
+
+struct ClassMetaMethods : ClassTests
+{
+};
+
+TEST_F (ClassMetaMethods, __call)
+{
+ typedef Class <int, EmptyBase> Int;
+
+ luabridge::getGlobalNamespace (L)
+ .beginClass <Int> ("Int")
+ .addConstructor <void (*) (int)> ()
+ .addFunction ("__call", &Int::operator())
+ .endClass ();
+
+ runLua ("result = Int (1) (-1)");
+ ASSERT_TRUE (result ().isUserdata ());
+ ASSERT_EQ (-1, result <Int> ().data);
+
+ runLua ("result = Int (2) (5)");
+ ASSERT_TRUE (result ().isUserdata ());
+ ASSERT_EQ (5, result <Int> ().data);
+}
+
+TEST_F (ClassMetaMethods, __tostring)
+{
+ typedef Class <int, EmptyBase> Int;
+ typedef Class <std::string, EmptyBase> StringClass;
+
+ luabridge::getGlobalNamespace (L)
+ .beginClass <Int> ("Int")
+ .addConstructor <void (*) (int)> ()
+ .addFunction ("__tostring", &Int::toString)
+ .endClass ()
+ .beginClass <StringClass> ("String")
+ .addConstructor <void (*) (std::string)> ()
+ .addFunction ("__tostring", &StringClass::toString)
+ .endClass ();
+
+ runLua ("result = tostring (Int (-123))");
+ ASSERT_EQ ("-123", result <std::string> ());
+
+#if LUA_VERSION_NUM >= 502
+ // Lua 5.1 string.format doesn't use __tostring
+ runLua ("result = string.format ('%s%s', String ('abc'), Int (-123))");
+ ASSERT_EQ ("abc-123", result <std::string> ());
+#endif
+}
+
+TEST_F (ClassMetaMethods, __eq)
+{
+ typedef Class <int, EmptyBase> Int;
+
+ luabridge::getGlobalNamespace (L)
+ .beginClass <Int> ("Int")
+ .addConstructor <void (*) (int)> ()
+ .addFunction ("__eq", &Int::operator==)
+ .endClass ();
+
+ runLua ("result = Int (1) == Int (1)");
+ ASSERT_EQ (true, result <bool> ());
+
+ runLua ("result = Int (1) ~= Int (1)");
+ ASSERT_EQ (false, result <bool> ());
+
+ runLua ("result = Int (1) == Int (2)");
+ ASSERT_EQ (false, result <bool> ());
+
+ runLua ("result = Int (1) ~= Int (2)");
+ ASSERT_EQ (true, result <bool> ());
+}
+
+TEST_F (ClassMetaMethods, __lt)
+{
+ typedef Class <int, EmptyBase> Int;
+
+ luabridge::getGlobalNamespace (L)
+ .beginClass <Int> ("Int")
+ .addConstructor <void (*) (int)> ()
+ .addFunction ("__lt", &Int::operator<)
+ .endClass ();
+
+ runLua ("result = Int (1) < Int (1)");
+ ASSERT_EQ (false, result <bool> ());
+
+ runLua ("result = Int (1) < Int (2)");
+ ASSERT_EQ (true, result <bool> ());
+
+ runLua ("result = Int (2) < Int (1)");
+ ASSERT_EQ (false, result <bool> ());
+}
+
+TEST_F (ClassMetaMethods, __le)
+{
+ typedef Class <int, EmptyBase> Int;
+
+ luabridge::getGlobalNamespace (L)
+ .beginClass <Int> ("Int")
+ .addConstructor <void (*) (int)> ()
+ .addFunction ("__le", &Int::operator<=)
+ .endClass ();
+
+ runLua ("result = Int (1) <= Int (1)");
+ ASSERT_EQ (true, result <bool> ());
+
+ runLua ("result = Int (1) <= Int (2)");
+ ASSERT_EQ (true, result <bool> ());
+
+ runLua ("result = Int (2) <= Int (1)");
+ ASSERT_EQ (false, result <bool> ());
+}
+
+TEST_F (ClassMetaMethods, __add)
+{
+ typedef Class <int, EmptyBase> Int;
+
+ luabridge::getGlobalNamespace (L)
+ .beginClass <Int> ("Int")
+ .addConstructor <void (*) (int)> ()
+ .addFunction ("__add", &Int::operator+)
+ .endClass ();
+
+ runLua ("result = Int (1) + Int (2)");
+ ASSERT_TRUE (result ().isUserdata ());
+ ASSERT_EQ (3, result <Int> ().data);
+}
+
+TEST_F (ClassMetaMethods, __sub)
+{
+ typedef Class <int, EmptyBase> Int;
+
+ luabridge::getGlobalNamespace (L)
+ .beginClass <Int> ("Int")
+ .addConstructor <void (*) (int)> ()
+ .addFunction ("__sub", &Int::operator-)
+ .endClass ();
+
+ runLua ("result = Int (1) - Int (2)");
+ ASSERT_TRUE (result ().isUserdata ());
+ ASSERT_EQ (-1, result <Int> ().data);
+}
+
+TEST_F (ClassMetaMethods, __mul)
+{
+ typedef Class <int, EmptyBase> Int;
+
+ luabridge::getGlobalNamespace (L)
+ .beginClass <Int> ("Int")
+ .addConstructor <void (*) (int)> ()
+ .addFunction ("__mul", &Int::operator*)
+ .endClass ();
+
+ runLua ("result = Int (-2) * Int (-5)");
+ ASSERT_TRUE (result ().isUserdata ());
+ ASSERT_EQ (10, result <Int> ().data);
+}
+
+TEST_F (ClassMetaMethods, __div)
+{
+ typedef Class <int, EmptyBase> Int;
+
+ luabridge::getGlobalNamespace (L)
+ .beginClass <Int> ("Int")
+ .addConstructor <void (*) (int)> ()
+ .addFunction ("__div", &Int::operator/)
+ .endClass ();
+
+ runLua ("result = Int (10) / Int (2)");
+ ASSERT_TRUE (result ().isUserdata ());
+ ASSERT_EQ (5, result <Int> ().data);
+}
+
+TEST_F (ClassMetaMethods, __mod)
+{
+ typedef Class <int, EmptyBase> Int;
+
+ luabridge::getGlobalNamespace (L)
+ .beginClass <Int> ("Int")
+ .addConstructor <void (*) (int)> ()
+ .addFunction ("__mod", &Int::operator%)
+ .endClass ();
+
+ runLua ("result = Int (7) % Int (2)");
+ ASSERT_TRUE (result ().isUserdata ());
+ ASSERT_EQ (1, result <Int> ().data);
+}
+
+TEST_F (ClassMetaMethods, __pow)
+{
+ typedef Class <int, EmptyBase> Int;
+
+ luabridge::getGlobalNamespace (L)
+ .beginClass <Int> ("Int")
+ .addConstructor <void (*) (int)> ()
+ .addFunction ("__pow", &Int::operator-)
+ .endClass ();
+
+ runLua ("result = Int (5) ^ Int (2)");
+ ASSERT_TRUE (result ().isUserdata ());
+ ASSERT_EQ (3, result <Int> ().data);
+}
+
+TEST_F (ClassMetaMethods, __unm)
+{
+ typedef Class <int, EmptyBase> Int;
+
+ luabridge::getGlobalNamespace (L)
+ .beginClass <Int> ("Int")
+ .addConstructor <void (*) (int)> ()
+ .addFunction ("__unm", &Int::negate)
+ .endClass ();
+
+ runLua ("result = -Int (-3)");
+ ASSERT_TRUE (result ().isUserdata ());
+ ASSERT_EQ (3, result <Int> ().data);
+}
+
+TEST_F (ClassMetaMethods, __concat)
+{
+ typedef Class <std::string, EmptyBase> String;
+
+ luabridge::getGlobalNamespace (L)
+ .beginClass <String> ("String")
+ .addConstructor <void (*) (std::string)> ()
+ .addFunction ("__concat", &String::operator+)
+ .endClass ();
+
+ ASSERT_THROW (runLua ("result = String ('a') + String ('b')"), std::exception);
+
+ runLua ("result = String ('ab') .. String ('cd')");
+ ASSERT_TRUE (result ().isUserdata ());
+ ASSERT_EQ ("abcd", result <String> ().data);
+}
+
+TEST_F (ClassMetaMethods, __len)
+{
+ typedef Class <int, EmptyBase> Int;
+
+ luabridge::getGlobalNamespace (L)
+ .beginClass <Int> ("Int")
+ .addConstructor <void (*) (int)> ()
+ .addFunction ("__len", &Int::len)
+ .endClass ();
+
+ runLua ("result = #Int (1)");
+ ASSERT_TRUE (result ().isNumber ());
+ ASSERT_EQ (1, result <int> ());
+
+ runLua ("result = #Int (5)");
+ ASSERT_TRUE (result ().isNumber ());
+ ASSERT_EQ (5, result <int> ());
+}
+
+namespace {
+
+struct Table
+{
+ int index (const std::string& key)
+ {
+ return map.at (key);
+ }
+
+ void newIndex (const std::string& key, int value)
+ {
+ map.emplace (key, value);
+ }
+
+ std::map <std::string, int> map;
+};
+
+} // namespace
+
+TEST_F (ClassMetaMethods, __index)
+{
+ luabridge::getGlobalNamespace (L)
+ .beginClass <Table> ("Table")
+ .addFunction ("__index", &Table::index)
+ .endClass ();
+
+ Table t {{{"a", 1}, {"b", 2}}};
+
+ luabridge::setGlobal (L, &t, "t");
+
+ runLua ("result = t.a");
+ ASSERT_TRUE (result ().isNumber ());
+ ASSERT_EQ (1, result <int> ());
+
+ runLua ("result = t.b");
+ ASSERT_TRUE (result ().isNumber ());
+ ASSERT_EQ (2, result <int> ());
+
+ ASSERT_THROW (runLua ("result = t.c"), std::exception); // at ("c") throws
+}
+
+TEST_F (ClassMetaMethods, __newindex)
+{
+ typedef Class <int, EmptyBase> Int;
+
+ luabridge::getGlobalNamespace (L)
+ .beginClass <Table> ("Table")
+ .addFunction ("__newindex", &Table::newIndex)
+ .endClass ();
+
+ Table t;
+
+ luabridge::setGlobal (L, &t, "t");
+
+ runLua ("t.a = 1\n"
+ "t ['b'] = 2");
+
+ ASSERT_EQ ((std::map <std::string, int> {{"a", 1}, {"b", 2}}), t.map);
+}
+
+TEST_F (ClassMetaMethods, __gcForbidden)
+{
+ typedef Class <int, EmptyBase> Int;
+
+ ASSERT_THROW (
+ luabridge::getGlobalNamespace (L)
+ .beginClass <Int> ("Int")
+ .addFunction ("__gc", &Int::method)
+ .endClass (),
+ std::exception);
+}
+
+TEST_F (ClassTests, EnclosedClassProperties)
+{
+ typedef Class <int, EmptyBase> Inner;
+ typedef Class <Inner, EmptyBase> Outer;
+
+ luabridge::getGlobalNamespace (L)
+ .beginClass <Inner> ("Inner")
+ .addProperty ("data", &Inner::data)
+ .endClass ()
+ .beginClass <Outer> ("Outer")
+ .addProperty ("data", &Outer::data)
+ .endClass ();
+
+ Outer outer (Inner (0));
+ luabridge::setGlobal (L, &outer, "outer");
+
+ outer.data.data = 1;
+ runLua ("outer.data.data = 10");
+ ASSERT_EQ (10, outer.data.data);
+
+ runLua ("result = outer.data.data");
+ ASSERT_EQ (10, result <int> ());
+}
--- /dev/null
+// https://github.com/vinniefalco/LuaBridge
+//
+// Copyright 2019, Dmitry Tarakanov
+// SPDX-License-Identifier: MIT
+
+#include "TestBase.h"
+
+struct IssueTests : TestBase
+{
+};
+
+struct AbstractClass
+{
+ virtual int sum (int a, int b) = 0;
+};
+
+struct ConcreteClass : AbstractClass
+{
+ int sum (int a, int b) override
+ {
+ return a + b;
+ }
+
+ static AbstractClass& get ()
+ {
+ static ConcreteClass instance;
+ return instance;
+ }
+};
+
+TEST_F (IssueTests, Issue87)
+{
+ luabridge::getGlobalNamespace (L)
+ .beginClass <AbstractClass> ("Class")
+ .addFunction ("sum", &AbstractClass::sum)
+ .endClass ()
+ .addFunction ("getAbstractClass", &ConcreteClass::get);
+
+ runLua ("result = getAbstractClass ():sum (1, 2)");
+ ASSERT_TRUE (result ().isNumber ());
+ ASSERT_EQ (3, result <int> ());
+}
+
+TEST_F (IssueTests, Issue121)
+{
+ runLua (R"(
+ first = {
+ second = {
+ actual = "data"
+ }
+ }
+ )");
+ auto first = luabridge::getGlobal (L, "first");
+ ASSERT_TRUE (first.isTable ());
+ ASSERT_EQ (0, first.length ());
+ ASSERT_TRUE (first ["second"].isTable ());
+ ASSERT_EQ (0, first ["second"].length ());
+}
+
+void pushArgs (lua_State*)
+{
+}
+
+template <class Arg, class... Args>
+void pushArgs (lua_State* L, Arg arg, Args... args)
+{
+ luabridge::Stack <Arg>::push (L, arg);
+ pushArgs (L, args...);
+}
+
+template <class... Args>
+std::vector <luabridge::LuaRef> callFunction (const luabridge::LuaRef& function, Args... args)
+{
+ assert (function.isFunction ());
+
+ lua_State* L = function.state ();
+ int originalTop = lua_gettop (L);
+ function.push (L);
+ pushArgs (L, args...);
+
+ luabridge::LuaException::pcall (L, sizeof... (args), LUA_MULTRET);
+
+ std::vector <luabridge::LuaRef> results;
+ int top = lua_gettop (L);
+ results.reserve (top - originalTop);
+ for (int i = originalTop + 1; i <= top; ++i)
+ {
+ results.push_back (luabridge::LuaRef::fromStack (L, i));
+ }
+ return results;
+}
+
+TEST_F (IssueTests, Issue160)
+{
+ runLua (
+ "function isConnected (arg1, arg2) "
+ " return 1, 'srvname', 'ip:10.0.0.1', arg1, arg2 "
+ "end");
+
+ luabridge::LuaRef f_isConnected = luabridge::getGlobal (L, "isConnected");
+
+ auto v = callFunction (f_isConnected, 2, "abc");
+ ASSERT_EQ (5u, v.size ());
+ ASSERT_EQ (1, v [0].cast <int> ());
+ ASSERT_EQ ("srvname", v [1].cast <std::string> ());
+ ASSERT_EQ ("ip:10.0.0.1", v [2].cast <std::string> ());
+ ASSERT_EQ (2, v [3].cast <int> ());
+ ASSERT_EQ ("abc", v [4].cast <std::string> ());
+}
+
+struct Vector
+{
+ float getX () const
+ {
+ return x;
+ }
+
+ float x = 0;
+};
+
+struct WideVector : Vector
+{
+ WideVector (float, float, float, float w)
+ {
+ x = w;
+ }
+};
+
+TEST_F (IssueTests, Issue178)
+{
+ luabridge::getGlobalNamespace (L)
+ .beginClass <Vector> ("Vector")
+ .addFunction ("getX", &Vector::getX)
+ .addProperty ("X", &Vector::getX)
+ .addData ("x", &Vector::x, true)
+ .endClass ()
+ .deriveClass <WideVector, Vector> ("WideVector")
+ .addConstructor <void (*) (float, float, float, float)> ()
+ .endClass ();
+
+ runLua ("result = WideVector (0, 1, 2, 3).x");
+
+ ASSERT_TRUE (result ().isNumber ());
+ ASSERT_EQ (3.f, result <float> ());
+}
--- /dev/null
+// https://github.com/vinniefalco/LuaBridge
+//
+// Copyright 2018, Dmitry Tarakanov
+// SPDX-License-Identifier: MIT
+
+#include "TestBase.h"
+
+#include "LuaBridge/detail/Iterator.h"
+
+struct IteratorTests : TestBase
+{
+};
+
+TEST_F (IteratorTests, DictionaryIteration)
+{
+ runLua (
+ "result = {"
+ " bool = true,"
+ " int = 5,"
+ " c = 3.14,"
+ " [true] = 'D',"
+ " [8] = 'abc',"
+ " fn = function (i)"
+ " result = i + 1"
+ " end"
+ "}");
+
+ std::map <luabridge::LuaRef, luabridge::LuaRef> expected {
+ {{L, "bool"}, {L, true}},
+ {{L, "int"}, {L, 5}},
+ {{L, 'c'}, {L, 3.14}},
+ {{L, true}, {L, 'D'}},
+ {{L, 8}, {L, "abc"}},
+ {{L, "fn"}, {L, result () ["fn"]}},
+ };
+
+ std::map <luabridge::LuaRef, luabridge::LuaRef> actual;
+
+ for (luabridge::Iterator iterator (result ()); !iterator.isNil (); ++iterator)
+ {
+ actual.emplace(iterator.key (), iterator.value ());
+ }
+
+ ASSERT_EQ (expected, actual);
+
+ actual.clear ();
+
+ for (auto&& pair : pairs (result ()))
+ {
+ actual.emplace (pair.first, pair.second);
+ }
+
+ ASSERT_EQ (expected, actual);
+}
+
+TEST_F (IteratorTests, SequenceIteration)
+{
+ runLua (
+ "result = {"
+ " true,"
+ " 5,"
+ " 3.14,"
+ " 'D',"
+ " 'abc',"
+ " function (i)"
+ " result = i + 1"
+ " end"
+ "}");
+
+ std::map <luabridge::LuaRef, luabridge::LuaRef> expected {
+ {{L, 1}, {L, true}},
+ {{L, 2}, {L, 5}},
+ {{L, 3}, {L, 3.14}},
+ {{L, 4}, {L, 'D'}},
+ {{L, 5}, {L, "abc"}},
+ {{L, 6}, {L, result () [6]}},
+ };
+
+ std::map <luabridge::LuaRef, luabridge::LuaRef> actual;
+
+ for (luabridge::Iterator iterator (result ()); !iterator.isNil (); ++iterator)
+ {
+ actual.emplace (iterator.key (), iterator.value ());
+ }
+
+ ASSERT_EQ (expected, actual);
+
+ actual.clear ();
+
+ for (auto&& pair : pairs (result ()))
+ {
+ actual.emplace (pair.first, pair.second);
+ }
+
+ ASSERT_EQ (expected, actual);
+}
--- /dev/null
+// https://github.com/vinniefalco/LuaBridge
+//
+// Copyright 2012, Vinnie Falco <vinnie.falco@gmail.com>
+// Copyright 2007, Nathan Reed
+// SPDX-License-Identifier: MIT
+
+// A set of tests of different types' communication with Lua
+
+#include "TestBase.h"
+
+#include "LuaBridge/RefCountedPtr.h"
+
+#include "JuceLibraryCode/BinaryData.h"
+
+#include <cstring>
+#include <iostream>
+#include <memory>
+#include <string>
+
+namespace LuaBridgeTests {
+
+using namespace std;
+using namespace luabridge;
+
+//==============================================================================
+
+/*
+ * Test classes
+ */
+
+bool g_success = true;
+
+bool testSucceeded ()
+{
+ bool b = g_success;
+ g_success = false;
+ return b;
+}
+
+typedef int fn_type;
+enum {
+ FN_CTOR,
+ FN_DTOR,
+ FN_STATIC,
+ FN_VIRTUAL,
+ FN_PROPGET,
+ FN_PROPSET,
+ FN_STATIC_PROPGET,
+ FN_STATIC_PROPSET,
+ FN_OPERATOR,
+ NUM_FN_TYPES
+};
+
+struct fn_called {
+ bool called [NUM_FN_TYPES];
+ fn_called () { memset(called, 0, NUM_FN_TYPES * sizeof(bool)); }
+};
+
+fn_called A_functions, B_functions;
+
+bool testAFnCalled (fn_type f)
+{
+ bool b = A_functions.called[f];
+ A_functions.called [f] = false;
+ return b;
+}
+
+bool testBFnCalled (fn_type f)
+{
+ bool b = B_functions.called[f];
+ B_functions.called [f] = false;
+ return b;
+}
+
+class A
+{
+protected:
+ string name;
+ mutable bool success;
+public:
+ A (string const& name_) : name (name_), success (false), testProp (47)
+ {
+ A_functions.called [FN_CTOR] = true;
+ }
+ virtual ~A ()
+ {
+ A_functions.called [FN_DTOR] = true;
+ }
+
+ virtual void testVirtual ()
+ {
+ A_functions.called [FN_VIRTUAL] = true;
+ }
+
+ const char * getName () const
+ {
+ return name.c_str();
+ }
+
+ void setSuccess () const
+ {
+ success = true;
+ }
+
+ bool testSucceeded () const
+ {
+ bool b = success;
+ success = false;
+ return b;
+ }
+
+ static void testStatic ()
+ {
+ A_functions.called [FN_STATIC] = true;
+ }
+
+ int testProp;
+ int testPropGet () const
+ {
+ A_functions.called [FN_PROPGET] = true;
+ return testProp;
+ }
+ void testPropSet (int x)
+ {
+ A_functions.called [FN_PROPSET] = true;
+ testProp = x;
+ }
+
+ static int testStaticProp;
+ static int testStaticPropGet ()
+ {
+ A_functions.called [FN_STATIC_PROPGET] = true;
+ return testStaticProp;
+ }
+ static void testStaticPropSet (int x)
+ {
+ A_functions.called [FN_STATIC_PROPSET] = true;
+ testStaticProp = x;
+ }
+
+ RefCountedPtr <A> operator + (A const& other)
+ {
+ A_functions.called [FN_OPERATOR] = true;
+ return new A (name + " + " + other.name);
+ }
+};
+
+int A::testStaticProp = 47;
+
+class B: public A
+{
+public:
+ explicit B (string const& name_) : A (name_)
+ {
+ B_functions.called [FN_CTOR] = true;
+ }
+
+ virtual ~B ()
+ {
+ B_functions.called [FN_DTOR] = true;
+ }
+
+ virtual void testVirtual ()
+ {
+ B_functions.called [FN_VIRTUAL] = true;
+ }
+
+ static void testStatic2 ()
+ {
+ B_functions.called [FN_STATIC] = true;
+ }
+
+};
+
+/*
+ * Test functions
+ */
+
+int testRetInt ()
+{
+ return 47;
+}
+
+float testRetFloat ()
+{
+ return 47.0f;
+}
+
+char const* testRetConstCharPtr ()
+{
+ return "Hello, world";
+}
+
+string testRetStdString ()
+{
+ static string ret ("Hello, world");
+ return ret;
+}
+
+void testParamInt (int a)
+{
+ g_success = (a == 47);
+}
+
+void testParamBool (bool b)
+{
+ g_success = b;
+}
+
+void testParamFloat (float f)
+{
+ g_success = (f == 47.0f);
+}
+
+void testParamConstCharPtr (char const* str)
+{
+ g_success = !strcmp (str, "Hello, world");
+}
+
+void testParamStdString (string str)
+{
+ g_success = !strcmp (str.c_str(), "Hello, world");
+}
+
+void testParamStdStringRef (const string &str)
+{
+ g_success = !strcmp (str.c_str(), "Hello, world");
+}
+
+void testParamAPtr (A * a)
+{
+ a->setSuccess();
+}
+
+void testParamAPtrConst (A * const a)
+{
+ a->setSuccess();
+}
+
+void testParamConstAPtr (const A * a)
+{
+ a->setSuccess();
+}
+
+void testParamSharedPtrA (RefCountedPtr <A> a)
+{
+ a->setSuccess();
+}
+
+RefCountedPtr <A> testRetSharedPtrA ()
+{
+ static RefCountedPtr <A> sp_A (new A("from C"));
+ return sp_A;
+}
+
+RefCountedPtr <A const> testRetSharedPtrConstA ()
+{
+ static RefCountedPtr <A> sp_A (new A("const A"));
+ return sp_A;
+}
+
+// add our own functions and classes to a Lua environment
+void addToState (lua_State *L)
+{
+ getGlobalNamespace (L)
+ .addFunction ("testSucceeded", &testSucceeded)
+ .addFunction ("testAFnCalled", &testAFnCalled)
+ .addFunction ("testBFnCalled", &testBFnCalled)
+ .addFunction ("testRetInt", &testRetInt)
+ .addFunction ("testRetFloat", &testRetFloat)
+ .addFunction ("testRetConstCharPtr", &testRetConstCharPtr)
+ .addFunction ("testRetStdString", &testRetStdString)
+ .addFunction ("testParamInt", &testParamInt)
+ .addFunction ("testParamBool", &testParamBool)
+ .addFunction ("testParamFloat", &testParamFloat)
+ .addFunction ("testParamConstCharPtr", &testParamConstCharPtr)
+ .addFunction ("testParamStdString", &testParamStdString)
+ .addFunction ("testParamStdStringRef", &testParamStdStringRef)
+ .beginClass <A> ("A")
+ .addConstructor <void (*) (const string &), RefCountedPtr <A> > ()
+ .addFunction ("testVirtual", &A::testVirtual)
+ .addFunction ("getName", &A::getName)
+ .addFunction ("testSucceeded", &A::testSucceeded)
+ .addFunction ("__add", &A::operator+)
+ .addData ("testProp", &A::testProp)
+ .addProperty ("testProp2", &A::testPropGet, &A::testPropSet)
+ .addStaticFunction ("testStatic", &A::testStatic)
+ .addStaticData ("testStaticProp", &A::testStaticProp)
+ .addStaticProperty ("testStaticProp2", &A::testStaticPropGet, &A::testStaticPropSet)
+ .endClass ()
+ .deriveClass <B, A> ("B")
+ .addConstructor <void (*) (const string &), RefCountedPtr <B> > ()
+ .addStaticFunction ("testStatic2", &B::testStatic2)
+ .endClass ()
+ .addFunction ("testParamAPtr", &testParamAPtr)
+ .addFunction ("testParamAPtrConst", &testParamAPtrConst)
+ .addFunction ("testParamConstAPtr", &testParamConstAPtr)
+ .addFunction ("testParamSharedPtrA", &testParamSharedPtrA)
+ .addFunction ("testRetSharedPtrA", &testRetSharedPtrA)
+ .addFunction ("testRetSharedPtrConstA", &testRetSharedPtrConstA)
+ ;
+}
+
+void resetTests ()
+{
+ g_success = true;
+ A::testStaticProp = 47;
+}
+
+void printValue (lua_State* L, int index)
+{
+ int type = lua_type (L, index);
+ switch (type)
+ {
+ case LUA_TBOOLEAN:
+ std::cerr << std::boolalpha << (lua_toboolean (L, index) != 0);
+ break;
+ case LUA_TSTRING:
+ std::cerr << lua_tostring (L, index);
+ break;
+ case LUA_TNUMBER:
+ std::cerr << lua_tonumber (L, index);
+ break;
+ case LUA_TTABLE:
+ case LUA_TTHREAD:
+ case LUA_TFUNCTION:
+ std::cerr << lua_topointer (L, index);
+ break;
+ }
+ std::cerr << ": " << lua_typename (L, type) << " (" << type << ")" << std::endl;
+}
+
+} // namespace LuaBridgeTests
+
+struct LegacyTests : TestBase
+{
+};
+
+TEST_F (LegacyTests, AllTests)
+{
+ LuaBridgeTests::addToState (L);
+
+ // Execute lua files in order
+ if (luaL_loadstring (L, BinaryData::Tests_lua) != 0)
+ {
+ // compile-time error
+ FAIL () << lua_tostring (L, -1);
+ }
+ if (lua_pcall (L, 0, 0, -2) != 0)
+ {
+ // runtime error
+ FAIL () << lua_tostring (L, -1);
+ }
+}
--- /dev/null
+// https://github.com/vinniefalco/LuaBridge
+//
+// Copyright 2019, Dmitry Tarakanov
+// SPDX-License-Identifier: MIT
+
+
+#include "TestBase.h"
+#include "TestTypes.h"
+
+#include "LuaBridge/List.h"
+
+#include <list>
+
+
+namespace {
+
+template <class T>
+
+std::list <T> toList (const std::vector <T>& vector)
+{
+ return {vector.begin (), vector.end ()};
+}
+
+} // namespace
+
+
+template <class T>
+struct ListTest : TestBase
+{
+};
+
+TYPED_TEST_CASE_P (ListTest);
+
+TYPED_TEST_P (ListTest, LuaRef)
+{
+ using Traits = TypeTraits <TypeParam>;
+
+ this->runLua ("result = {" + Traits::list () + "}");
+
+ std::list <TypeParam> expected = toList (Traits::values ());
+ std::list <TypeParam> actual = this->result ();
+ ASSERT_EQ (expected, actual);
+}
+
+REGISTER_TYPED_TEST_CASE_P (ListTest, LuaRef);
+
+INSTANTIATE_TYPED_TEST_CASE_P(ListTest, ListTest, TestTypes);
+
+
+struct ListTests : TestBase
+{
+};
+
+
+TEST_F (ListTests, PassToFunction)
+{
+ runLua (
+ "function foo (list) "
+ " result = list "
+ "end");
+
+ auto foo = luabridge::getGlobal (L, "foo");
+
+ resetResult ();
+
+ std::list <int> lvalue {10, 20, 30};
+ foo (lvalue);
+ ASSERT_TRUE (result ().isTable ());
+ ASSERT_EQ (lvalue, result <std::list<int>> ());
+
+ resetResult ();
+
+ const std::list <int> constLvalue = lvalue;
+ foo (constLvalue);
+ ASSERT_TRUE (result ().isTable ());
+ ASSERT_EQ (lvalue, result <std::list<int>> ());
+}
--- /dev/null
+// https://github.com/vinniefalco/LuaBridge
+//
+// Copyright 2019, Dmitry Tarakanov
+// Copyright 2012, Vinnie Falco <vinnie.falco@gmail.com>
+// Copyright 2007, Nathan Reed
+// SPDX-License-Identifier: MIT
+
+#include "TestBase.h"
+
+#include <sstream>
+
+
+struct LuaRefTests : TestBase
+{
+};
+
+TEST_F (LuaRefTests, ValueAccess)
+{
+ runLua ("result = true");
+ ASSERT_TRUE (result ().isBool ());
+ ASSERT_TRUE (result <bool> ());
+
+ runLua ("result = 7");
+ ASSERT_TRUE (result ().isNumber ());
+ ASSERT_EQ (7u, result <unsigned char> ());
+ ASSERT_EQ (7, result <short> ());
+ ASSERT_EQ (7u, result <unsigned short> ());
+ ASSERT_EQ (7, result <int> ());
+ ASSERT_EQ (7u, result <unsigned int> ());
+ ASSERT_EQ (7, result <long> ());
+ ASSERT_EQ (7u, result <unsigned long> ());
+ ASSERT_EQ (7, result <long long> ());
+ ASSERT_EQ (7u, result <unsigned long long> ());
+
+ runLua ("result = 3.14");
+ ASSERT_TRUE (result ().isNumber ());
+ ASSERT_FLOAT_EQ (3.14f, result <float> ());
+ ASSERT_DOUBLE_EQ (3.14, result <double> ());
+
+ runLua ("result = 'D'");
+ ASSERT_TRUE (result ().isString ());
+ ASSERT_EQ ('D', result <char> ());
+ ASSERT_EQ ("D", result <std::string> ());
+ ASSERT_STREQ ("D", result <const char*> ());
+
+ runLua ("result = 'abc'");
+ ASSERT_TRUE (result ().isString ());
+ ASSERT_EQ ("abc", result <std::string> ());
+ ASSERT_STREQ ("abc", result <char const*> ());
+
+ runLua ("result = function (i) "
+ " result = i + 1 "
+ " return i "
+ "end");
+ ASSERT_TRUE (result ().isFunction ());
+ auto fnResult = result () (41); // Replaces result variable
+ ASSERT_TRUE (fnResult.isNumber ());
+ ASSERT_EQ (41, fnResult.cast <int> ());
+ ASSERT_TRUE (result ().isNumber ());
+ ASSERT_EQ (42, result <int> ());
+}
+
+TEST_F (LuaRefTests, DictionaryRead)
+{
+ runLua (
+ "result = {"
+ " bool = true,"
+ " int = 5,"
+ " c = 3.14,"
+ " [true] = 'D',"
+ " [8] = 'abc',"
+ " fn = function (i) "
+ " result = i + 1 "
+ " return i "
+ " end"
+ "}");
+
+ ASSERT_TRUE (result () ["bool"].isBool ());
+ ASSERT_TRUE (result () ["bool"].cast <bool> ());
+
+ ASSERT_TRUE (result () ["int"].isNumber ());
+ ASSERT_EQ (5u, result () ["int"].cast <unsigned char> ());
+ ASSERT_EQ (5, result () ["int"].cast <short> ());
+ ASSERT_EQ (5u, result () ["int"].cast <unsigned short> ());
+ ASSERT_EQ (5, result () ["int"].cast <int> ());
+ ASSERT_EQ (5u, result () ["int"].cast <unsigned int> ());
+ ASSERT_EQ (5, result () ["int"].cast <long> ());
+ ASSERT_EQ (5u, result () ["int"].cast <unsigned long> ());
+ ASSERT_EQ (5, result () ["int"].cast <long long> ());
+ ASSERT_EQ (5u, result () ["int"].cast <unsigned long long> ());
+
+ ASSERT_TRUE (result () ['c'].isNumber ());
+ ASSERT_FLOAT_EQ (3.14f, result () ['c'].cast <float> ());
+ ASSERT_DOUBLE_EQ (3.14, result () ['c'].cast <double> ());
+
+ ASSERT_TRUE (result () [true].isString ());
+ ASSERT_EQ ('D', result () [true].cast <char> ());
+ ASSERT_EQ ("D", result () [true].cast <std::string> ());
+ ASSERT_STREQ ("D", result () [true].cast <const char*> ());
+
+ ASSERT_TRUE (result () [8].isString ());
+ ASSERT_EQ ("abc", result () [8].cast <std::string> ());
+ ASSERT_STREQ ("abc", result () [8].cast <char const*> ());
+
+ ASSERT_TRUE (result () ["fn"].isFunction ());
+ auto fnResult = result () ["fn"] (41); // Replaces result variable
+ ASSERT_TRUE (fnResult.isNumber ());
+ ASSERT_EQ (41, fnResult.cast <int> ());
+ ASSERT_TRUE (result ().isNumber ());
+ ASSERT_EQ (42, result <int> ());
+}
+
+TEST_F (LuaRefTests, DictionaryWrite)
+{
+ runLua ("result = {a = 5}");
+ ASSERT_TRUE (result () ["a"].isNumber ());
+ ASSERT_EQ (5, result () ["a"].cast <int> ());
+
+ result () ["a"] = 7;
+ ASSERT_EQ (7, result () ["a"].cast <int> ());
+
+ runLua ("result = result.a");
+ ASSERT_EQ (7, result <int> ());
+
+ runLua ("result = {a = {b = 1}}");
+ ASSERT_EQ (1, result () ["a"] ["b"].cast <int> ());
+
+ result () ["a"] ["b"] = 2;
+ ASSERT_EQ (2, result () ["a"] ["b"].cast <int> ());
+}
+
+struct Class
+{
+};
+
+TEST_F (LuaRefTests, Comparison)
+{
+ runLua (
+ "function foo () end "
+ "local m = {} "
+ "m.__eq = function (l, r) return l.a == r.a end "
+ "m.__lt = function (l, r) return l.a < r.a end "
+ "m.__le = function (l, r) return l.a <= r.a end "
+ "t1 = {a = 1} setmetatable (t1, m) "
+ "t2 = {a = 2} setmetatable (t2, m) "
+ "t3 = {a = 1} setmetatable (t3, m) "
+ "t4 = {a = 2} "
+ );
+
+ luabridge::getGlobalNamespace (L)
+ .beginClass <Class> ("Class")
+ .endClass ();
+
+ luabridge::LuaRef nil (L, luabridge::Nil ());
+ luabridge::LuaRef boolFalse (L, false);
+ luabridge::LuaRef boolTrue (L, true);
+ luabridge::LuaRef minus5 (L, -5);
+ luabridge::LuaRef numPi (L, 3.14);
+ luabridge::LuaRef stringA (L, 'a');
+ luabridge::LuaRef stringAB (L, "ab");
+ luabridge::LuaRef t1 = luabridge::getGlobal (L, "t1");
+ luabridge::LuaRef t2 = luabridge::getGlobal (L, "t2");
+ luabridge::LuaRef t3 = luabridge::getGlobal (L, "t3");
+ luabridge::LuaRef t4 = luabridge::getGlobal (L, "t4");
+
+ ASSERT_TRUE (nil == nil);
+
+ ASSERT_TRUE (nil < boolFalse);
+
+ ASSERT_TRUE (boolFalse == boolFalse);
+ ASSERT_TRUE (boolTrue == boolTrue);
+
+ ASSERT_TRUE (boolTrue < minus5);
+
+ ASSERT_TRUE (minus5 == minus5);
+ ASSERT_FALSE (minus5 == numPi);
+ ASSERT_TRUE (minus5 < numPi);
+ ASSERT_TRUE (minus5 <= numPi);
+ ASSERT_FALSE (minus5 > numPi);
+ ASSERT_FALSE (minus5 >= numPi);
+
+ ASSERT_TRUE (numPi < stringA);
+
+ ASSERT_TRUE (stringA == stringA);
+ ASSERT_FALSE (stringA == stringAB);
+ ASSERT_TRUE (stringA < stringAB);
+ ASSERT_TRUE (stringA <= stringAB);
+ ASSERT_FALSE (stringA > stringAB);
+ ASSERT_FALSE (stringA >= stringAB);
+
+ ASSERT_TRUE (stringA < t1);
+
+ ASSERT_TRUE (t1 == t1);
+ ASSERT_FALSE (t1 == t2);
+ ASSERT_TRUE (t1 == t3);
+ ASSERT_FALSE (t1.rawequal (t3));
+ ASSERT_FALSE (t1 == t4);
+ ASSERT_TRUE (t2 == t2);
+ ASSERT_FALSE (t2 == t3);
+ ASSERT_FALSE (t2 == t4);
+ ASSERT_TRUE (t3 == t3);
+ ASSERT_FALSE (t3 == t4);
+
+ ASSERT_FALSE (t1 < t1);
+ ASSERT_TRUE (t1 < t2);
+ ASSERT_FALSE (t1 < t3);
+ ASSERT_FALSE (t2 < t3);
+
+ ASSERT_TRUE (t1 <= t1);
+ ASSERT_TRUE (t1 <= t2);
+ ASSERT_TRUE (t1 <= t3);
+ ASSERT_FALSE (t2 <= t3);
+
+ ASSERT_FALSE (t1 > t1);
+ ASSERT_FALSE (t1 > t2);
+ ASSERT_FALSE (t1 > t3);
+ ASSERT_TRUE (t2 > t3);
+
+ ASSERT_TRUE (t1 >= t1);
+ ASSERT_FALSE (t1 >= t2);
+ ASSERT_TRUE (t1 >= t3);
+ ASSERT_TRUE (t2 >= t3);
+}
+
+TEST_F (LuaRefTests, Assignment)
+{
+ runLua ("value = {a = 5}");
+ auto value = luabridge::getGlobal (L, "value");
+ ASSERT_TRUE (value.isTable ());
+ ASSERT_TRUE (value ["a"].isNumber ());
+ ASSERT_EQ (5, value ["a"].cast <int> ());
+
+ value = value ["a"];
+ ASSERT_TRUE (value.isNumber ());
+ ASSERT_EQ (5, value.cast <int> ());
+
+ value = value;
+ ASSERT_EQ (LUA_TNUMBER, value.type ());
+ ASSERT_TRUE (value.isNumber ());
+ ASSERT_EQ (5, value.cast <int> ());
+
+ runLua ("t = {a = {b = 5}}");
+ auto table = luabridge::getGlobal (L, "t");
+ luabridge::LuaRef entry = table ["a"];
+ luabridge::LuaRef b1 = entry ["b"];
+ luabridge::LuaRef b2 = table ["a"] ["b"];
+ ASSERT_TRUE (b1 == b2);
+}
+
+TEST_F (LuaRefTests, Print)
+{
+ {
+ runLua ("result = true");
+ std::ostringstream stream;
+ stream << result ();
+ ASSERT_EQ ("true", stream.str ());
+ }
+ {
+ runLua ("result = false");
+ std::ostringstream stream;
+ stream << result ();
+ ASSERT_EQ ("false", stream.str ());
+ }
+ {
+ runLua ("result = 5");
+ std::ostringstream stream;
+ stream << result ();
+ ASSERT_EQ ("5", stream.str ());
+ }
+ {
+ runLua ("result = 'abc'");
+ std::ostringstream stream;
+ stream << result ();
+ ASSERT_EQ ("\"abc\"", stream.str ());
+ }
+
+ runLua (
+ "result = {"
+ " true_ = true,"
+ " false_ = false,"
+ " five = 5,"
+ " abc = 'abc'"
+ "}");
+ {
+ std::ostringstream stream;
+ stream << result () ["true_"];
+ ASSERT_EQ ("true", stream.str ());
+ }
+ {
+ std::ostringstream stream;
+ stream << result () ["false_"];
+ ASSERT_EQ ("false", stream.str ());
+ }
+ {
+ std::ostringstream stream;
+ stream << result () ["five"];
+ ASSERT_EQ ("5", stream.str ());
+ }
+ {
+ std::ostringstream stream;
+ stream << result () ["abc"];
+ ASSERT_EQ ("\"abc\"", stream.str ());
+ }
+}
--- /dev/null
+// https://github.com/vinniefalco/LuaBridge
+//
+// Copyright 2019, Dmitry Tarakanov
+// SPDX-License-Identifier: MIT
+
+#include "TestBase.h"
+
+#include "LuaBridge/Map.h"
+
+#include <map>
+
+
+struct MapTests : TestBase
+{
+};
+
+TEST_F (MapTests, LuaRef)
+{
+ {
+ runLua ("result = {[false] = true, a = 'abc', [1] = 5, [3.14] = -1.1}");
+
+ using Map = std::map <luabridge::LuaRef, luabridge::LuaRef>;
+ Map expected {
+ {luabridge::LuaRef (L, false), luabridge::LuaRef (L, true)},
+ {luabridge::LuaRef (L, 'a'), luabridge::LuaRef (L, "abc")},
+ {luabridge::LuaRef (L, 1), luabridge::LuaRef (L, 5)},
+ {luabridge::LuaRef (L, 3.14), luabridge::LuaRef (L, -1.1)},
+ };
+ Map actual = result ();
+ ASSERT_EQ (expected, actual);
+ ASSERT_EQ (expected, result <Map> ());
+ }
+
+ {
+ runLua ("result = {'a', 'b', 'c'}");
+
+ using Int2Char = std::map <int, char>;
+ Int2Char expected {{1, 'a'}, {2, 'b'}, {3, 'c'}};
+ Int2Char actual = result ();
+ ASSERT_EQ (expected, actual);
+ ASSERT_EQ (expected, result <Int2Char> ());
+ }
+}
+
+TEST_F (MapTests, PassToFunction)
+{
+ runLua (
+ "function foo (map) "
+ " result = map "
+ "end");
+
+ auto foo = luabridge::getGlobal (L, "foo");
+ using Int2Bool = std::map <int, bool>;
+
+ resetResult ();
+
+ Int2Bool lvalue {{10, false}, {20, true}, {30, true}};
+ foo (lvalue);
+ ASSERT_TRUE (result ().isTable ());
+ ASSERT_EQ (lvalue, result <Int2Bool> ());
+
+ resetResult ();
+
+ const Int2Bool constLvalue = lvalue;
+ foo (constLvalue);
+ ASSERT_TRUE (result ().isTable ());
+ ASSERT_EQ (constLvalue, result <Int2Bool> ());
+}
+
+namespace {
+
+struct Data
+{
+ /* explicit */ Data (int i) : i (i) {}
+
+ int i;
+};
+
+bool operator== (const Data& lhs, const Data& rhs)
+{
+ return lhs.i == rhs.i;
+}
+
+bool operator< (const Data& lhs, const Data& rhs)
+{
+ return lhs.i < rhs.i;
+}
+
+std::ostream& operator<< (std::ostream& lhs, const Data& rhs)
+{
+ lhs << "{" << rhs.i << "}";
+ return lhs;
+}
+
+std::map <Data, Data> processValues (const std::map <Data, Data>& data)
+{
+ return data;
+}
+
+std::map <Data, Data> processPointers (const std::map <Data, const Data*>& data)
+{
+ std::map <Data, Data> result;
+ for (const auto& item : data)
+ {
+ result.emplace (item.first, *item.second);
+ }
+ return result;
+}
+
+} // namespace
+
+TEST_F (MapTests, PassFromLua)
+{
+ luabridge::getGlobalNamespace (L)
+ .beginClass <Data> ("Data")
+ .addConstructor <void (*) (int)> ()
+ .endClass ()
+ .addFunction ("processValues", &processValues)
+ .addFunction ("processPointers", &processPointers);
+
+ {
+ resetResult ();
+ runLua ("result = processValues ({[Data (-1)] = Data (2)})");
+ std::map <Data, Data> expected {{Data (-1), Data (2)}};
+ const auto actual = result <std::map <Data, Data>> ();
+ ASSERT_EQ (expected, actual);
+ }
+
+ {
+ resetResult ();
+ runLua ("result = processValues ({[Data (3)] = Data (-4)})");
+ std::map <Data, Data> expected {{Data (3), Data (-4)}};
+ const auto actual = result <std::map <Data, Data>> ();
+ ASSERT_EQ (expected, actual);
+ }
+}
--- /dev/null
+// https://github.com/vinniefalco/LuaBridge
+//
+// Copyright 2019, Dmitry Tarakanov
+// SPDX-License-Identifier: MIT
+
+#include "TestBase.h"
+
+
+struct NamespaceTests : TestBase
+{
+ template <class T>
+ T variable (const std::string& name)
+ {
+ runLua ("result = " + name);
+ return result <T> ();
+ }
+};
+
+TEST_F (NamespaceTests, Variables)
+{
+ int int_ = -10;
+ auto any = luabridge::newTable (L);
+ any ["a"] = 1;
+
+ ASSERT_THROW (
+ luabridge::getGlobalNamespace (L).addProperty ("int", &int_),
+ std::logic_error);
+
+ runLua ("result = int");
+ ASSERT_TRUE (result ().isNil ());
+
+ luabridge::getGlobalNamespace (L)
+ .beginNamespace ("ns")
+ .addProperty ("int", &int_)
+ .addProperty ("any", &any)
+ .endNamespace ();
+
+ ASSERT_EQ (-10, variable <int> ("ns.int"));
+ ASSERT_EQ (any, variable <luabridge::LuaRef> ("ns.any"));
+
+ runLua ("ns.int = -20");
+ ASSERT_EQ (-20, int_);
+
+ runLua ("ns.any = {b = 2}");
+ ASSERT_TRUE (any.isTable ());
+ ASSERT_TRUE (any ["b"].isNumber ());
+ ASSERT_EQ (2, any ["b"].cast <int> ());
+}
+
+TEST_F (NamespaceTests, ReadOnlyVariables)
+{
+ int int_ = -10;
+ auto any = luabridge::newTable (L);
+ any ["a"] = 1;
+
+ ASSERT_THROW (
+ luabridge::getGlobalNamespace (L).addProperty ("int", &int_),
+ std::logic_error);
+
+ runLua ("result = int");
+ ASSERT_TRUE (result ().isNil ());
+
+ luabridge::getGlobalNamespace (L)
+ .beginNamespace ("ns")
+ .addProperty ("int", &int_, false)
+ .addProperty ("any", &any, false)
+ .endNamespace ();
+
+ ASSERT_EQ (-10, variable <int> ("ns.int"));
+ ASSERT_EQ (any, variable <luabridge::LuaRef> ("ns.any"));
+
+ ASSERT_THROW (runLua ("ns.int = -20"), std::runtime_error);
+ ASSERT_EQ (-10, variable <int> ("ns.int"));
+
+ ASSERT_THROW (runLua ("ns.any = {b = 2}"), std::runtime_error);
+ ASSERT_EQ (any, variable <luabridge::LuaRef> ("ns.any"));
+}
+
+namespace {
+
+template <class T>
+struct Property
+{
+ static T value;
+};
+
+template <class T>
+T Property <T>::value;
+
+template <class T>
+void setProperty (const T& value)
+{
+ Property <T>::value = value;
+}
+
+template <class T>
+const T& getProperty ()
+{
+ return Property <T>::value;
+}
+
+} // namespace
+
+TEST_F (NamespaceTests, Properties)
+{
+ setProperty <int> (-10);
+
+ ASSERT_THROW (
+ luabridge::getGlobalNamespace (L)
+ .addProperty ("int", &getProperty <int>, &setProperty <int>),
+ std::logic_error);
+
+ runLua ("result = int");
+ ASSERT_TRUE (result ().isNil ());
+
+ luabridge::getGlobalNamespace (L)
+ .beginNamespace ("ns")
+ .addProperty ("int", &getProperty <int>, &setProperty <int>)
+ .endNamespace ();
+
+ ASSERT_EQ (-10, variable <int> ("ns.int"));
+
+ runLua ("ns.int = -20");
+ ASSERT_EQ (-20, getProperty <int> ());
+}
+
+TEST_F (NamespaceTests, ReadOnlyProperties)
+{
+ setProperty <int> (-10);
+
+ ASSERT_THROW (
+ luabridge::getGlobalNamespace (L)
+ .addProperty ("int", &getProperty <int>),
+ std::logic_error);
+
+ runLua ("result = int");
+ ASSERT_TRUE (result ().isNil ());
+
+ luabridge::getGlobalNamespace (L)
+ .beginNamespace ("ns")
+ .addProperty ("int", &getProperty <int>)
+ .endNamespace ();
+
+ ASSERT_EQ (-10, variable <int> ("ns.int"));
+
+ ASSERT_THROW (
+ runLua ("ns.int = -20"),
+ std::runtime_error);
+ ASSERT_EQ (-10, getProperty <int> ());
+}
+
+namespace {
+struct Class {};
+}
+
+TEST_F (NamespaceTests, LuaStackIntegrity)
+{
+ ASSERT_EQ (1, lua_gettop (L)); // Stack: ...
+
+ {
+ auto ns2 = luabridge::getGlobalNamespace (L)
+ .beginNamespace ("namespace")
+ .beginNamespace ("ns2");
+
+ ASSERT_EQ (4, lua_gettop (L)); // Stack: ..., global namespace table (gns), namespace table (ns), ns2
+
+ ns2.endNamespace (); // Stack: ...
+ ASSERT_EQ (1, lua_gettop (L)); // Stack: ...
+ }
+ ASSERT_EQ (1, lua_gettop (L)); // Stack: ...
+
+ {
+ auto globalNs = luabridge::getGlobalNamespace (L);
+ ASSERT_EQ (2, lua_gettop (L)); // Stack: ..., gns
+
+ {
+ auto ns = luabridge::getGlobalNamespace (L)
+ .beginNamespace ("namespace");
+ // both globalNs an ns are active
+ ASSERT_EQ (4, lua_gettop (L)); // Stack: ..., gns, gns, ns
+ }
+ ASSERT_EQ (2, lua_gettop (L)); // Stack: ..., gns
+
+ {
+ auto ns = globalNs
+ .beginNamespace ("namespace");
+ // globalNs became inactive
+ ASSERT_EQ (3, lua_gettop (L)); // Stack: ..., gns, ns
+ }
+ ASSERT_EQ (1, lua_gettop (L)); // Stack: ...
+
+ ASSERT_THROW (globalNs.beginNamespace ("namespace"), std::exception);
+
+ ASSERT_THROW (globalNs.beginClass <Class> ("Class"), std::exception);
+ }
+
+ {
+ auto globalNs = luabridge::getGlobalNamespace (L)
+ .beginNamespace ("namespace")
+ .endNamespace ();
+ // globalNs is active
+ ASSERT_EQ (2, lua_gettop (L)); // Stack: ..., gns
+ }
+ ASSERT_EQ (1, lua_gettop (L)); // StacK: ...
+
+ {
+ auto cls = luabridge::getGlobalNamespace (L)
+ .beginNamespace ("namespace")
+ .beginClass <Class> ("Class");
+ ASSERT_EQ (6, lua_gettop (L)); // Stack: ..., gns, ns, const table, class table, static table
+ {
+ auto ns = cls.endClass ();
+ ASSERT_EQ (3, lua_gettop (L)); // Stack: ..., gns, ns
+ }
+ ASSERT_EQ (1, lua_gettop (L)); // Stack: ...
+ }
+ ASSERT_EQ (1, lua_gettop (L)); // StacK: ...
+
+ // Test class continuation
+ {
+ auto cls = luabridge::getGlobalNamespace (L)
+ .beginNamespace ("namespace")
+ .beginClass <Class> ("Class");
+ ASSERT_EQ (6, lua_gettop (L)); // Stack: ..., gns, ns, const table, class table, static table
+ }
+ ASSERT_EQ (1, lua_gettop (L)); // Stack: ...
+}
+
+#ifdef _M_IX86 // Windows 32bit only
+
+namespace {
+
+int __stdcall StdCall (int i)
+{
+ return i + 10;
+}
+
+} // namespace
+
+TEST_F (NamespaceTests, StdCallFunctions)
+{
+ luabridge::getGlobalNamespace (L)
+ .addFunction ("StdCall", &StdCall);
+
+ runLua ("result = StdCall (2)");
+ ASSERT_TRUE (result ().isNumber ());
+ ASSERT_EQ (12, result <int> ());
+}
+
+#endif // _M_IX86
--- /dev/null
+//==============================================================================
+// https://github.com/vinniefalco/LuaBridge
+//
+// Copyright 2012, Vinnie Falco <vinnie.falco@gmail.com>
+// Copyright 2007, Nathan Reed
+// SPDX-License-Identifier: MIT
+
+#include "TestBase.h"
+
+#include "JuceLibraryCode/BinaryData.h"
+
+/**
+ Command line version of LuaBridge test suite.
+*/
+
+#include <cstdio>
+#include <iostream>
+#include <iomanip>
+#include <string>
+#include <vector>
+#include <ctime>
+
+using namespace std;
+using namespace luabridge;
+
+//------------------------------------------------------------------------------
+/**
+ Simple stopwatch for measuring elapsed time.
+*/
+class Stopwatch
+{
+private:
+ clock_t m_start;
+
+public:
+ Stopwatch ()
+ {
+ start ();
+ }
+
+ void start ()
+ {
+ m_start = clock ();
+ }
+
+ double getElapsedSeconds ()
+ {
+ clock_t now;
+
+ now = clock ();
+
+ return (double (now - m_start)) / CLOCKS_PER_SEC;
+ }
+};
+
+//------------------------------------------------------------------------------
+/**
+ Classes used for performance tests.
+*/
+
+struct A
+{
+ A () : data (0), prop (0)
+ {
+ }
+
+ void mf1 ()
+ {
+ }
+
+ void mf2 (A*)
+ {
+ }
+
+ void mf3 (A&)
+ {
+ }
+
+ virtual void vf1 ()
+ {
+ }
+
+ int data;
+
+ int prop;
+ int getprop () const
+ {
+ return prop;
+ }
+ void setprop (int v)
+ {
+ prop = v;
+ }
+};
+
+//------------------------------------------------------------------------------
+
+void addToState (lua_State* L)
+{
+ getGlobalNamespace (L)
+ .beginClass <A> ("A")
+ .addConstructor <void (*)(void)> ()
+ .addFunction ("mf1", &A::mf1)
+ .addFunction ("mf2", &A::mf2)
+ .addFunction ("mf3", &A::mf3)
+ .addFunction ("vf1", &A::vf1)
+ .addData ("data", &A::data)
+ .addProperty ("prop", &A::getprop, &A::setprop)
+ .endClass ()
+ ;
+}
+
+void runTests (lua_State* L)
+{
+ cout.precision (4);
+
+ int result;
+
+ luaL_dostring (L, "a = A()");
+
+ int const trials = 5;
+
+ for (int trial = 0; trial < trials; ++trial)
+ {
+ result = luaL_loadstring (L, "a:mf1 ()");
+ if (result != 0)
+ lua_error (L);
+
+ int const N = 10000000;
+
+ Stopwatch sw;
+
+ sw.start ();
+ for (int i = 0; i < N; ++i)
+ {
+ lua_pushvalue (L, -1);
+ lua_call (L, 0, 0);
+ }
+
+ double const seconds = sw.getElapsedSeconds ();
+
+ cout << "Elapsed time: " << seconds << endl;
+ }
+}
+
+void runPerformanceTests ()
+{
+ lua_State* L = luaL_newstate ();
+ luaL_openlibs (L);
+
+ addToState (L);
+ runTests (L);
+
+ lua_close (L);
+}
+
+struct PerformanceTests : TestBase
+{
+};
+
+TEST_F (PerformanceTests, AllTests)
+{
+ addToState (L);
+ runTests (L);
+}
--- /dev/null
+// https://github.com/vinniefalco/LuaBridge
+//
+// Copyright 2019, Dmitry Tarakanov
+// SPDX-License-Identifier: MIT
+
+#include "TestBase.h"
+
+#include "LuaBridge/RefCountedPtr.h"
+
+
+struct RefCountedPtrTests : TestBase
+{
+ template <class T>
+ T variable(const std::string& name)
+ {
+ runLua("result = " + name);
+ return result().cast <T>();
+ }
+};
+
+namespace {
+
+struct RefCounted : luabridge::RefCountedObject
+{
+ explicit RefCounted(bool& deleted)
+ : deleted (deleted)
+ {
+ deleted = false;
+ }
+
+ ~RefCounted()
+ {
+ deleted = true;
+ }
+
+ bool isDeleted () const
+ {
+ return deleted;
+ }
+
+ bool& deleted;
+};
+
+} // namespace
+
+TEST_F (RefCountedPtrTests, Operators)
+{
+ bool deleted1 = false;
+ auto* raw_ptr1 = new RefCounted (deleted1);
+ luabridge::RefCountedObjectPtr <RefCounted> ptr1 (raw_ptr1);
+
+ bool deleted2 = false;
+ auto* raw_ptr2 = new RefCounted (deleted2);
+ luabridge::RefCountedObjectPtr <RefCounted> ptr2 (raw_ptr2);
+
+ ASSERT_TRUE (raw_ptr1 == ptr1.getObject ());
+ ASSERT_TRUE (ptr1.getObject () == raw_ptr1);
+}
+
+TEST_F (RefCountedPtrTests, LastReferenceInLua)
+{
+ luabridge::getGlobalNamespace (L)
+ .beginClass <RefCounted> ("Class")
+ .addProperty ("deleted", &RefCounted::isDeleted)
+ .endClass ();
+
+ bool deleted = false;
+
+ luabridge::RefCountedObjectPtr <RefCounted> object (new RefCounted (deleted));
+
+ luabridge::setGlobal (L, object, "object");
+ runLua("result = object.deleted");
+ ASSERT_EQ (true, result ().isBool ());
+ ASSERT_EQ (false, result <bool> ());
+
+ object = nullptr;
+ runLua("result = object.deleted");
+ ASSERT_EQ(true, result ().isBool ());
+ ASSERT_EQ(false, result <bool>());
+ ASSERT_EQ(false, deleted);
+
+ runLua ("object = nil");
+ lua_gc (L, LUA_GCCOLLECT, 1);
+
+ ASSERT_EQ (true, deleted);
+}
+
+TEST_F (RefCountedPtrTests, LastReferenceInCpp)
+{
+ luabridge::getGlobalNamespace (L)
+ .beginClass <RefCounted> ("Class")
+ .addProperty ("deleted", &RefCounted::isDeleted)
+ .endClass ();
+
+ bool deleted = false;
+
+ luabridge::RefCountedObjectPtr <RefCounted> object (new RefCounted (deleted));
+
+ luabridge::setGlobal (L, object, "object");
+ runLua("result = object.deleted");
+ ASSERT_EQ (true, result ().isBool ());
+ ASSERT_EQ (false, result <bool> ());
+
+ runLua ("object = nil");
+ lua_gc (L, LUA_GCCOLLECT, 1);
+ ASSERT_EQ(false, deleted);
+
+ object = nullptr;
+ ASSERT_EQ (true, deleted);
+}
--- /dev/null
+// https://github.com/vinniefalco/LuaBridge
+//
+// Copyright 2019, Dmitry Tarakanov
+// Copyright 2012, Vinnie Falco <vinnie.falco@gmail.com>
+// Copyright 2007, Nathan Reed
+// SPDX-License-Identifier: MIT
+
+#pragma once
+
+#include "Lua/LuaLibrary.h"
+
+#include "LuaBridge/LuaBridge.h"
+
+#include <gtest/gtest.h>
+
+#include <stdexcept>
+
+
+// traceback function, adapted from lua.c
+// when a runtime error occurs, this will append the call stack to the error message
+//
+inline int traceback (lua_State* L)
+{
+ // look up Lua's 'debug.traceback' function
+ lua_getglobal (L, "debug");
+ if (!lua_istable (L, -1))
+ {
+ lua_pop (L, 1);
+ return 1;
+ }
+ lua_getfield (L, -1, "traceback");
+ if (!lua_isfunction (L, -1))
+ {
+ lua_pop (L, 2);
+ return 1;
+ }
+ lua_pushvalue (L, 1); /* pass error message */
+ lua_pushinteger (L, 2); /* skip this function and traceback */
+ lua_call (L, 2, 1); /* call debug.traceback */
+ return 1;
+}
+
+/// Base test class. Introduces the global 'result' variable,
+/// used for checking of C++ - Lua interoperation.
+///
+struct TestBase : public ::testing::Test
+{
+ lua_State* L = nullptr;
+
+ void SetUp () override
+ {
+ L = nullptr;
+ L = luaL_newstate ();
+ luaL_openlibs (L);
+ lua_pushcfunction (L, &traceback);
+ }
+
+ void TearDown () override
+ {
+ if (L != nullptr)
+ {
+ lua_close (L);
+ }
+ }
+
+ void runLua (const std::string& script) const
+ {
+ if (luaL_loadstring (L, script.c_str ()) != 0)
+ {
+ throw std::runtime_error (lua_tostring (L, -1));
+ }
+
+ if (lua_pcall (L, 0, 0, -2) != 0)
+ {
+ throw std::runtime_error (lua_tostring (L, -1));
+ }
+ }
+
+ template <class T = luabridge::LuaRef>
+ T result () const
+ {
+ return luabridge::getGlobal (L, "result").cast <T> ();
+ }
+
+ void resetResult () const
+ {
+ luabridge::setGlobal (L, luabridge::LuaRef (L), "result");
+ }
+
+ void printStack () const
+ {
+ std::cerr << "===== Stack =====\n";
+ for (int i = 1; i <= lua_gettop (L); ++i)
+ {
+ std::cerr << "@" << i << " = " << luabridge::LuaRef::fromStack (L, i) << "\n";
+ }
+ }
+};
--- /dev/null
+// https://github.com/vinniefalco/LuaBridge
+//
+// Copyright 2019, Dmitry Tarakanov
+// SPDX-License-Identifier: MIT
+
+#pragma once
+
+#include <gtest/gtest.h>
+
+#include <vector>
+#include <string>
+
+
+using TestTypes = ::testing::Types <
+ bool,
+ char,
+ unsigned char,
+ short,
+ unsigned short,
+ int,
+ unsigned int,
+ long,
+ unsigned long,
+ long long,
+ unsigned long long,
+ float,
+ double
+>;
+
+template <class T>
+struct TypeTraits;
+
+template <>
+struct TypeTraits <bool>
+{
+ static std::vector <bool> values () {return {true, false, true};}
+ static std::string list () {return "true, false, true";}
+};
+
+template <>
+struct TypeTraits <char>
+{
+ static std::vector <char> values () {return {'a', 'b', 'c'};}
+ static std::string list () {return "'a', 'b', 'c'";}
+};
+
+template <>
+struct TypeTraits <unsigned char>
+{
+ static std::vector <unsigned char> values () {return {1, 2, 3};}
+ static std::string list () {return "1, 2, 3";}
+};
+
+template <>
+struct TypeTraits <short>
+{
+ static std::vector <short> values () {return {1, -2, 3};}
+ static std::string list () {return "1, -2, 3";}
+};
+
+template <>
+struct TypeTraits <unsigned short>
+{
+ static std::vector <unsigned short> values () {return {1, 2, 3};}
+ static std::string list () {return "1, 2, 3";}
+};
+
+template <>
+struct TypeTraits <int>
+{
+ static std::vector <int> values () {return {1, -2, 3};}
+ static std::string list () {return "1, -2, 3";}
+};
+
+template <>
+struct TypeTraits <unsigned int>
+{
+ static std::vector <unsigned int> values () {return {1, 2, 3};}
+ static std::string list () {return "1, 2, 3";}
+};
+
+template <>
+struct TypeTraits <long>
+{
+ static std::vector <long> values () {return {1, -2, 3};}
+ static std::string list () {return "1, -2, 3";}
+};
+
+template <>
+struct TypeTraits <unsigned long>
+{
+ static std::vector <unsigned long> values () {return {1, 2, 3};}
+ static std::string list () {return "1, 2, 3";}
+};
+
+template <>
+struct TypeTraits <long long>
+{
+ static std::vector <long long> values () {return {1, -2, 3};}
+ static std::string list () {return "1, -2, 3";}
+};
+
+template <>
+struct TypeTraits <unsigned long long>
+{
+ static std::vector <unsigned long long> values () {return {1, 2, 3};}
+ static std::string list () {return "1, 2, 3";}
+};
+
+template <>
+struct TypeTraits <float>
+{
+ static std::vector <float> values () {return {1.2f, -2.5f, 3.14f};}
+ static std::string list () {return "1.2, -2.5, 3.14";}
+};
+
+template <>
+struct TypeTraits <double>
+{
+ static std::vector <double> values () {return {1.2, -2.5, 3.14};}
+ static std::string list () {return "1.2, -2.5, 3.14";}
+};
--- /dev/null
+// https://github.com/vinniefalco/LuaBridge
+//
+// Copyright 2019, Dmitry Tarakanov
+// Copyright 2012, Vinnie Falco <vinnie.falco@gmail.com>
+// Copyright 2007, Nathan Reed
+// SPDX-License-Identifier: MIT
+
+// A set of tests of different types' communication with Lua
+
+#include "TestBase.h"
+
+#include <gtest/gtest.h>
+
+#include <cstring>
+#include <iostream>
+#include <memory>
+#include <string>
+
+void printValue (lua_State* L, int index)
+{
+ int type = lua_type (L, index);
+ switch (type)
+ {
+ case LUA_TBOOLEAN:
+ std::cerr << std::boolalpha << (lua_toboolean (L, index) != 0);
+ break;
+ case LUA_TSTRING:
+ std::cerr << lua_tostring (L, index);
+ break;
+ case LUA_TNUMBER:
+ std::cerr << lua_tonumber (L, index);
+ break;
+ case LUA_TTABLE:
+ case LUA_TTHREAD:
+ case LUA_TFUNCTION:
+ std::cerr << lua_topointer (L, index);
+ break;
+ }
+ std::cerr << ": " << lua_typename (L, type) << " (" << type << ")" << std::endl;
+}
+
+struct LuaBridgeTest : TestBase
+{
+};
+
+template <class T>
+T identityCFunction(T value)
+{
+ return value;
+}
+
+TEST_F (LuaBridgeTest, CFunction)
+{
+ luabridge::getGlobalNamespace(L)
+ .addFunction ("boolFn", &identityCFunction <bool>)
+ .addFunction ("ucharFn", &identityCFunction <unsigned char>)
+ .addFunction ("shortFn", &identityCFunction <short>)
+ .addFunction ("ushortFn", &identityCFunction <unsigned short>)
+ .addFunction ("intFn", &identityCFunction <int>)
+ .addFunction ("uintFn", &identityCFunction <unsigned int>)
+ .addFunction ("longFn", &identityCFunction <long>)
+ .addFunction ("ulongFn", &identityCFunction <unsigned long>)
+ .addFunction ("longlongFn", &identityCFunction <long long>)
+ .addFunction ("ulonglongFn", &identityCFunction <unsigned long long>)
+ .addFunction ("floatFn", &identityCFunction <float>)
+ .addFunction ("doubleFn", &identityCFunction <double>)
+ .addFunction ("charFn", &identityCFunction <char>)
+ .addFunction ("cstringFn", &identityCFunction <const char*>)
+ .addFunction ("stringFn", &identityCFunction <std::string>)
+ ;
+
+ {
+ runLua ("result = ucharFn (255)");
+ ASSERT_EQ (true, result ().isNumber ());
+ ASSERT_EQ (255u, result <unsigned char> ());
+ }
+
+ {
+ runLua ("result = boolFn (false)");
+ ASSERT_EQ (true, result ().isBool ());
+ ASSERT_EQ (false, result <bool> ());
+ }
+ {
+ runLua ("result = boolFn (true)");
+ ASSERT_EQ (true, result ().isBool ());
+ ASSERT_EQ (true, result <bool> ());
+ }
+
+ {
+ runLua ("result = shortFn (-32768)");
+ ASSERT_EQ (true, result ().isNumber ());
+ ASSERT_EQ (-32768, result <int> ());
+ }
+
+ {
+ runLua ("result = ushortFn (32767)");
+ ASSERT_EQ (true, result ().isNumber ());
+ ASSERT_EQ (32767u, result <unsigned int> ());
+ }
+ {
+ runLua ("result = intFn (-500)");
+ ASSERT_EQ (true, result ().isNumber ());
+ ASSERT_EQ (-500, result <int> ());
+ }
+
+ {
+ runLua ("result = uintFn (42)");
+ ASSERT_EQ (true, result ().isNumber ());
+ ASSERT_EQ (42u, result <unsigned int> ());
+ }
+
+ {
+ runLua ("result = longFn (-8000)");
+ ASSERT_EQ (true, result ().isNumber ());
+ ASSERT_EQ (-8000, result <long> ());
+ }
+
+ {
+ runLua ("result = ulongFn (9000)");
+ ASSERT_EQ (true, result ().isNumber ());
+ ASSERT_EQ (9000u, result <unsigned long> ());
+ }
+
+ {
+ runLua ("result = longlongFn (-8000)");
+ ASSERT_EQ (true, result ().isNumber ());
+ ASSERT_EQ (-8000, result <long long> ());
+ }
+
+ {
+ runLua ("result = ulonglongFn (9000)");
+ ASSERT_EQ (true, result ().isNumber ());
+ ASSERT_EQ (9000u, result <unsigned long long> ());
+ }
+
+ {
+ runLua ("result = floatFn (3.14)");
+ ASSERT_EQ (true, result ().isNumber ());
+ ASSERT_FLOAT_EQ (3.14f, result <float> ());
+ }
+
+ {
+ runLua ("result = doubleFn (-12.3)");
+ ASSERT_EQ (true, result ().isNumber ());
+ ASSERT_DOUBLE_EQ (-12.3, result <double> ());
+ }
+
+ {
+ runLua ("result = charFn ('a')");
+ ASSERT_EQ (true, result ().isString ());
+ ASSERT_EQ ('a', result <char> ());
+ }
+
+ {
+ runLua ("result = cstringFn ('abc')");
+ ASSERT_EQ (true, result ().isString ());
+ ASSERT_STREQ ("abc", result <const char*> ());
+ }
+
+ {
+ runLua ("result = stringFn ('lua')");
+ ASSERT_EQ (true, result ().isString ());
+ ASSERT_EQ ("lua", result <std::string> ());
+ }
+}
+
+template <class T>
+struct TestClass
+{
+ TestClass (T data)
+ : data (data)
+ , constData (data)
+ {
+ }
+
+ T getValue () { return data; }
+ T* getPtr () { return &data; }
+ T const* getConstPtr () { return &data; }
+ T& getRef () { return data; }
+ T const& getConstRef () { return data; }
+ T getValueConst () const { return data; }
+ T* getPtrConst () const { return &data; }
+ T const* getConstPtrConst () const { return &data; }
+ T& getRefConst () const { return data; }
+ T const& getConstRefConst () const { return data; }
+
+ mutable T data;
+ mutable T constData;
+};
+
+TEST_F (LuaBridgeTest, ClassFunction)
+{
+ typedef TestClass <int> Inner;
+ typedef TestClass <Inner> Outer;
+
+ luabridge::getGlobalNamespace (L)
+ .beginClass <Inner> ("Inner")
+ .addConstructor <void (*) (int)> ()
+ .addData ("data", &Inner::data)
+ .endClass ()
+ .beginClass <Outer> ("Outer")
+ .addConstructor <void (*) (Inner)> ()
+ .addFunction ("getValue", &Outer::getValue)
+ .addFunction ("getPtr", &Outer::getPtr)
+ .addFunction ("getConstPtr", &Outer::getConstPtr)
+ .addFunction ("getRef", &Outer::getRef)
+ .addFunction ("getConstRef", &Outer::getConstRef)
+ .addFunction ("getValueConst", &Outer::getValueConst)
+ .addFunction ("getPtrConst", &Outer::getPtrConst)
+ .addFunction ("getConstPtrConst", &Outer::getConstPtrConst)
+ .addFunction ("getRefConst", &Outer::getRefConst)
+ .addFunction ("getConstRefConst", &Outer::getConstRefConst)
+ .endClass ()
+ ;
+
+ Outer outer (Inner (0));
+ luabridge::setGlobal (L, &outer, "outer");
+
+ outer.data.data = 0;
+ runLua ("outer:getValue ().data = 1");
+ ASSERT_EQ (0, outer.data.data);
+
+ outer.data.data = 1;
+ runLua ("outer:getPtr ().data = 10");
+ ASSERT_EQ (10, outer.data.data);
+
+ outer.data.data = 2;
+ ASSERT_THROW (
+ runLua ("outer:getConstPtr ().data = 20"),
+ std::runtime_error);
+
+ outer.data.data = 3;
+ runLua ("outer:getRef().data = 30");
+ ASSERT_EQ (30, outer.data.data);
+
+ outer.data.data = 4;
+ ASSERT_THROW (
+ runLua ("outer:getConstPtr ().data = 40"),
+ std::runtime_error);
+
+ outer.data.data = 5;
+ runLua ("outer:getValueConst ().data = 50");
+ ASSERT_EQ (5, outer.data.data);
+
+ outer.data.data = 6;
+ runLua ("outer:getPtrConst ().data = 60");
+ ASSERT_EQ (60, outer.data.data);
+
+ outer.data.data = 7;
+ ASSERT_THROW (
+ runLua ("outer:getConstPtr ().data = 70"),
+ std::runtime_error);
+
+ outer.data.data = 8;
+ runLua ("outer:getRef().data = 80");
+ ASSERT_EQ (80, outer.data.data);
+
+ outer.data.data = 9;
+ ASSERT_THROW (
+ runLua ("outer:getConstPtr ().data = 90"),
+ std::runtime_error);
+}
--- /dev/null
+-- test lua script to be run with the luabridge test program
+
+print("Running LuaBridge tests:");
+
+-- enum from C++
+FN_CTOR = 0
+FN_DTOR = 1
+FN_STATIC = 2
+FN_VIRTUAL = 3
+FN_PROPGET = 4
+FN_PROPSET = 5
+FN_STATIC_PROPGET = 6
+FN_STATIC_PROPSET = 7
+FN_OPERATOR = 8
+NUM_FN_TYPES = 9
+
+-- function to print contents of a table
+function printtable (t)
+ for k, v in pairs(t) do
+ if (type(v) == "table") then
+ print(k .. " =>", "(table)");
+ elseif (type(v) == "function") then
+ print(k .. " =>", "(function)");
+ elseif (type(v) == "userdata") then
+ print(k .. " =>", "(userdata)");
+ else
+ print(k .. " =>", v);
+ end
+ end
+end
+
+function assert (expr)
+ if (not expr) then error("assert failed", 2) end
+end
+
+-- test functions registered from C++
+
+assert(testSucceeded());
+assert(testRetInt() == 47);
+assert(testRetFloat() == 47.0);
+assert(testRetConstCharPtr() == "Hello, world");
+assert(testRetStdString() == "Hello, world");
+
+testParamInt(47); assert(testSucceeded());
+testParamBool(true); assert(testSucceeded());
+testParamFloat(47.0); assert(testSucceeded());
+testParamConstCharPtr("Hello, world"); assert(testSucceeded());
+testParamStdString("Hello, world"); assert(testSucceeded());
+testParamStdStringRef("Hello, world"); assert(testSucceeded());
+
+-- test static methods of classes registered from C++
+
+A.testStatic(); assert(testAFnCalled(FN_STATIC));
+B.testStatic(); assert(testAFnCalled(FN_STATIC));
+B.testStatic2(); assert(testBFnCalled(FN_STATIC));
+
+-- test static properties of classes registered from C++
+
+assert(A.testStaticProp == 47);
+assert(A.testStaticProp2 == 47);assert(testAFnCalled(FN_STATIC_PROPGET));
+A.testStaticProp = 48; assert(A.testStaticProp == 48);
+A.testStaticProp2 = 49; assert(testAFnCalled(FN_STATIC_PROPSET) and A.testStaticProp2 == 49);
+
+-- test classes registered from C++
+
+object1 = A("object1"); assert(testAFnCalled(FN_CTOR));
+object1:testVirtual(); assert(testAFnCalled(FN_VIRTUAL));
+
+object2 = B("object2"); assert(testAFnCalled(FN_CTOR) and testBFnCalled(FN_CTOR));
+object2:testVirtual(); assert(testBFnCalled(FN_VIRTUAL) and not testAFnCalled(FN_VIRTUAL));
+
+-- test functions taking and returning objects
+
+testParamAPtr(object1); assert(object1:testSucceeded());
+testParamAPtrConst(object1); assert(object1:testSucceeded());
+testParamConstAPtr(object1); assert(object1:testSucceeded());
+testParamSharedPtrA(object1); assert(object1:testSucceeded());
+
+testParamAPtr(object2); assert(object2:testSucceeded());
+testParamAPtrConst(object2); assert(object2:testSucceeded());
+testParamConstAPtr(object2); assert(object2:testSucceeded());
+testParamSharedPtrA(object2); assert(object2:testSucceeded());
+
+result = testRetSharedPtrA(); assert(result:getName() == "from C");
+
+-- test constness
+
+constA = testRetSharedPtrConstA(); assert(constA:getName() == "const A");
+assert(constA.testVirtual == nil);
+testParamConstAPtr(constA); assert(constA:testSucceeded());
+assert(pcall(testParamAPtr, constA) == false, "attempt to call nil value");
+
+-- test properties
+
+assert(object1.testProp == 47);
+assert(object1.testProp2 == 47); assert(testAFnCalled(FN_PROPGET));
+assert(object2.testProp == 47);
+assert(object2.testProp2 == 47); assert(testAFnCalled(FN_PROPGET));
+
+object1.testProp = 48; assert(object1.testProp == 48);
+object1.testProp2 = 49; assert(testAFnCalled(FN_PROPSET) and object1.testProp2 == 49);
+
+-- test operator overload
+object1a = object1 + object1; assert(testAFnCalled(FN_OPERATOR));
+assert(object1a:getName() == "object1 + object1");
+
+print("All tests succeeded.");
--- /dev/null
+// https://github.com/vinniefalco/LuaBridge
+//
+// Copyright 2018, Dmitry Tarakanov
+// SPDX-License-Identifier: MIT
+
+#include <gtest/gtest.h>
+
+
+int main (int argc, char** argv)
+{
+ // Disable performance tests by default
+ if (argc == 1)
+ {
+ testing::GTEST_FLAG (filter) = "-PerformanceTests.AllTests";
+ }
+
+ testing::InitGoogleTest (&argc, argv);
+ return RUN_ALL_TESTS();
+}
--- /dev/null
+// https://github.com/vinniefalco/LuaBridge
+//
+// Copyright 2019, Dmitry Tarakanov
+// SPDX-License-Identifier: MIT
+
+#include "TestBase.h"
+
+#include "LuaBridge/UnorderedMap.h"
+
+#include <unordered_map>
+
+
+struct UnorderedMapTests : TestBase
+{
+};
+
+namespace {
+
+struct Data
+{
+ /* explicit */ Data(int i) : i(i) {}
+
+ int i;
+};
+
+} // namespace
+
+namespace std {
+
+template <>
+struct hash <Data>
+{
+ size_t operator() (const Data& value) const noexcept
+ {
+ return 0; // Don't care about hash collisions
+ }
+};
+
+template <>
+struct hash <::luabridge::LuaRef>
+{
+ size_t operator() (const ::luabridge::LuaRef& value) const
+ {
+ return 0; // Don't care about hash collisions
+ }
+};
+
+} // namespace std
+
+TEST_F (UnorderedMapTests, LuaRef)
+{
+ {
+ runLua ("result = {[false] = true, a = 'abc', [1] = 5, [3.14] = -1.1}");
+
+ using Map = std::unordered_map <luabridge::LuaRef, luabridge::LuaRef>;
+ Map expected {
+ {luabridge::LuaRef (L, false), luabridge::LuaRef (L, true)},
+ {luabridge::LuaRef (L, 'a'), luabridge::LuaRef (L, "abc")},
+ {luabridge::LuaRef (L, 1), luabridge::LuaRef (L, 5)},
+ {luabridge::LuaRef (L, 3.14), luabridge::LuaRef (L, -1.1)},
+ };
+ Map actual = result ();
+ ASSERT_EQ (expected, actual);
+ ASSERT_EQ (expected, result <Map> ());
+ }
+
+ {
+ runLua ("result = {'a', 'b', 'c'}");
+
+ using Int2Char = std::unordered_map <int, char>;
+ Int2Char expected {{1, 'a'}, {2, 'b'}, {3, 'c'}};
+ Int2Char actual = result ();
+ ASSERT_EQ (expected, actual);
+ ASSERT_EQ (expected, result <Int2Char> ());
+ }
+}
+
+TEST_F (UnorderedMapTests, PassToFunction)
+{
+ runLua (
+ "function foo (map) "
+ " result = map "
+ "end");
+
+ auto foo = luabridge::getGlobal (L, "foo");
+ using Int2Bool = std::unordered_map <int, bool>;
+
+ resetResult ();
+
+ Int2Bool lvalue {{10, false}, {20, true}, {30, true}};
+ foo (lvalue);
+ ASSERT_TRUE (result ().isTable ());
+ ASSERT_EQ (lvalue, result <Int2Bool> ());
+
+ resetResult ();
+
+ const Int2Bool constLvalue = lvalue;
+ foo (constLvalue);
+ ASSERT_TRUE (result ().isTable ());
+ ASSERT_EQ (constLvalue, result <Int2Bool> ());
+}
+
+namespace {
+
+bool operator== (const Data& lhs, const Data& rhs)
+{
+ return lhs.i == rhs.i;
+}
+
+bool operator< (const Data& lhs, const Data& rhs)
+{
+ return lhs.i < rhs.i;
+}
+
+std::ostream& operator<< (std::ostream& lhs, const Data& rhs)
+{
+ lhs << "{" << rhs.i << "}";
+ return lhs;
+}
+
+std::unordered_map <Data, Data> processValues (const std::unordered_map <Data, Data>& data)
+{
+ return data;
+}
+
+std::unordered_map <Data, Data> processPointers (const std::unordered_map <Data, const Data*>& data)
+{
+ std::unordered_map <Data, Data> result;
+ for (const auto& item : data)
+ {
+ result.emplace (item.first, *item.second);
+ }
+ return result;
+}
+
+} // namespace
+
+TEST_F (UnorderedMapTests, PassFromLua)
+{
+ luabridge::getGlobalNamespace (L)
+ .beginClass <Data> ("Data")
+ .addConstructor <void (*) (int)> ()
+ .endClass ()
+ .addFunction ("processValues", &processValues)
+ .addFunction ("processPointers", &processPointers);
+
+ {
+ resetResult ();
+ runLua ("result = processValues ({[Data (-1)] = Data (2)})");
+ std::unordered_map <Data, Data> expected {{Data (-1), Data (2)}};
+ const auto actual = result <std::unordered_map <Data, Data>> ();
+ ASSERT_EQ (expected, actual);
+ }
+
+ {
+ resetResult ();
+ runLua ("result = processValues ({[Data (3)] = Data (-4)})");
+ std::unordered_map <Data, Data> expected {{Data (3), Data (-4)}};
+ const auto actual = result <std::unordered_map <Data, Data>> ();
+ ASSERT_EQ (expected, actual);
+ }
+}
--- /dev/null
+// https://github.com/vinniefalco/LuaBridge
+//
+// Copyright 2019, Dmitry Tarakanov
+// SPDX-License-Identifier: MIT
+
+#include "TestBase.h"
+#include "TestTypes.h"
+
+#include "LuaBridge/Vector.h"
+
+#include <vector>
+
+template <class T>
+struct VectorTest : TestBase
+{
+};
+
+TYPED_TEST_CASE_P (VectorTest);
+
+TYPED_TEST_P (VectorTest, LuaRef)
+{
+ using Traits = TypeTraits <TypeParam>;
+
+ this->runLua ("result = {" + Traits::list () + "}");
+
+ std::vector <TypeParam> expected (Traits::values ());
+ std::vector <TypeParam> actual = this->result ();
+ ASSERT_EQ (expected, actual);
+}
+
+REGISTER_TYPED_TEST_CASE_P (VectorTest, LuaRef);
+
+INSTANTIATE_TYPED_TEST_CASE_P(VectorTest, VectorTest, TestTypes);
+
+
+namespace {
+
+struct Data
+{
+ /* explicit */ Data (int i) : i (i) {}
+
+ int i;
+};
+
+bool operator== (const Data& lhs, const Data& rhs)
+{
+ return lhs.i == rhs.i;
+}
+
+std::ostream& operator<< (std::ostream& lhs, const Data& rhs)
+{
+ lhs << "{" << rhs.i << "}";
+ return lhs;
+}
+
+std::vector <Data> processValues(const std::vector <Data>& data)
+{
+ return data;
+}
+
+std::vector <Data> processPointers(const std::vector <const Data*>& data)
+{
+ std::vector <Data> result;
+ for (const auto* item : data)
+ {
+ result.emplace_back (*item);
+ }
+ return result;
+}
+
+} // namespace
+
+struct VectorTests : TestBase
+{
+};
+
+TEST_F (VectorTests, PassFromLua)
+{
+ luabridge::getGlobalNamespace (L)
+ .beginClass <Data> ("Data")
+ .addConstructor <void (*) (int)> ()
+ .endClass ()
+ .addFunction ("processValues", &processValues)
+ .addFunction ("processPointers", &processPointers);
+
+ resetResult ();
+ runLua ("result = processValues ({Data (-1), Data (2)})");
+
+ ASSERT_EQ (
+ std::vector <Data> ({-1, 2}),
+ result <std::vector <Data>>());
+
+ resetResult ();
+ runLua ("result = processValues ({Data (-3), Data (4)})");
+
+ ASSERT_EQ(
+ std::vector <Data> ({-3, 4}),
+ result <std::vector <Data>> ());
+}
--- /dev/null
+<!-- Simple redirect to bring up the reference manual. -->
+<!DOCTYPE HTML PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD HTML 4.0 Transitional//EN">
+<html>
+<head>
+<title>LuaBridge Reference Manual</title>
+<meta http-equiv="REFRESH" content="0;url=Manual.html"></HEAD>
+<BODY>
+Redirecting to the <a HREF="Manual.html">LuaBridge reference manual</a>.
+</BODY>
// Now the ComponentHandler should be at #-2 of stack (-1 is the metatable), this will be used as up-values
lua_pushvalue(L, -2);
// Also remember the offset
- int offset = ComponentHelper<C>::offset(ptr);
+ int offset = typename ComponentHelper<C>::offset(ptr);
lua_pushinteger(L, offset);
lua_pushcclosure(L, [](lua_State* L){
// This function is used as both getter and setter:
#include <lua.hpp>
#include <entityx/entityx.h>
#include <Script/entityx/entity_lua.hpp>
+#include <LuaBridge/LuaBridge.h>
#include <SDL2/SDL.h>
struct Position : entityx::Component<Position>
{
Position(float _x, float _y): x(_x), y(_y) {}
-
+ Position(void){x = y = 0.0;}
+
float x,y;
};
{
using namespace entityx;
using namespace entityx::lua;
+ namespace lb = luabridge;
+
+ std::function<Position(float, float)> ctor = [](float x, float y) {
+ return Position(x, y);
+ };
+
+ ctor(6,7);
- //export_component<Position>("Position",
- // wrap_ctor<Position, float, float>([](float x, float y) {
- // return Position(x, y);
- // }),
+ //export_component<Position>("Position", ctor,
// [](MemberRegister<Position>& m) {
// m.add("x", &Position::x);
// m.add("y", &Position::y);
lua_State* L = luaL_newstate();
luaL_openlibs(L);
+
+ lb::getGlobalNamespace(L).
+ beginNamespace("comp")
+ .beginClass<Position>("Position")
+ .addConstructor<void(*)(float, float)>()
+ .addProperty("x", &Position::x)
+ .addProperty("y", &Position::y)
+ .endClass()
+ .endNamespace();
+
setup_entityx_api(L);
std::shared_ptr<EventManager> events(new EventManager());
std::shared_ptr<EntityManager> entities(new EntityManager(*events));
new_entity_manager(L, entities, "manager");
- luaL_dofile(L, "Scripts/init.lua");
+ if (luaL_dofile(L, "Scripts/init.lua")) {
+ std::cout << "Lua Error: " << lua_tostring(L, -1) << std::endl;
+ }
+
lua_close(L);
}
projects / clyne / gamedev2.git / commitdiff
