diff --git a/forth.hpp b/forth.hpp
deleted file mode 100644
index 7357508..0000000
--- a/forth.hpp
+++ /dev/null
@@ -1,513 +0,0 @@
-/// sforth, an implementation of forth
-/// Copyright (C) 2024  Clyne Sullivan <clyne@bitgloo.com>
-///
-/// This program is free software: you can redistribute it and/or modify it
-/// under the terms of the GNU General Public License as published by the Free
-/// Software Foundation, either version 3 of the License, or (at your option)
-/// any later version.
-///
-/// This program is distributed in the hope that it will be useful, but WITHOUT
-/// ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of MERCHANTABILITY or
-/// FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE.  See the GNU General Public License for
-/// more details.
-///
-/// You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License along
-/// with this program.  If not, see <http://www.gnu.org/licenses/>.
-
-#ifndef SFORTH_HPP
-#define SFORTH_HPP
-
-#include <algorithm>
-#include <array>
-#include <bit>
-#include <charconv>
-#include <cstdint>
-#include <cstddef>
-#include <iterator>
-#include <span>
-#include <string_view>
-#include <tuple>
-#include <utility>
-
-using cell = std::intptr_t;
-using addr = std::uintptr_t;
-using func = void (*)(const void *);
-
-struct word_base;
-
-struct word_list
-{
-    const word_base *next;
-
-    constexpr word_list(const word_base *n = nullptr): next{n} {}
-
-    std::optional<const word_base *> get(std::string_view sv) const;
-
-    static constexpr auto parse(const char *source, std::size_t& sourcei) -> std::string_view {
-        const std::string_view sv {source};
-
-        const auto e = sv.find_first_of(" \t\r\n", sourcei);
-        const auto word = e != std::string_view::npos ?
-            sv.substr(sourcei, e - sourcei) : sv.substr(sourcei);
-    
-        sourcei = sv.find_first_not_of(" \t\r\n", e);
-        return word;
-    }
-};
-
-struct word_base : public word_list
-{
-    static constexpr addr immediate = 1 << 8;
-
-    addr flags_len;
-
-    constexpr word_base(const word_base *n, addr fl):
-        word_list{n}, flags_len{fl} {}
-
-    std::string_view name() const {
-        return {std::bit_cast<const char *>(this + 1)};
-    }
-
-    const func *body() const {
-        const auto ptr = std::bit_cast<const std::uint8_t *>(this + 1);
-        const auto fptr = ptr + (flags_len & 0xFF);
-        return std::bit_cast<const func *>(fptr);
-    }
-
-    constexpr void make_immediate() {
-        flags_len |= immediate;
-    }
-};
-
-template<unsigned N>
-struct cS {
-    char data[N];
-
-    consteval cS(const char (&s)[N]) {
-        std::copy(s, s + N, data);
-    }
-    consteval operator const char *() const {
-        return data;
-    }
-    consteval auto size() const {
-        return N;
-    }
-};
-
-struct forth : public word_list
-{
-    static constexpr bool enable_exceptions = true;
-    static constexpr int data_size = 16;
-    static constexpr int return_size = 16;
-
-    static constexpr auto npos = std::string_view::npos;
-
-    enum class error {
-        init_error,
-        parse_error,
-        execute_error,
-        dictionary_overflow,
-        word_not_found,
-        stack_underflow,
-        stack_overflow,
-        return_stack_underflow,
-        return_stack_overflow,
-        compile_only_word
-    };
-
-    template<error Err>
-    static inline void assert(bool condition) {
-        if constexpr (enable_exceptions) {
-            if (!condition)
-                throw Err;
-        }
-    }
-
-    void push(cell v) {
-        assert<error::stack_overflow>(sp != dstack.begin());
-        *--sp = v;
-    }
-
-    void push(cell v, auto... vs) {
-        push(v); (push(vs), ...);
-    }
-
-    void rpush(func *v) {
-        assert<error::return_stack_overflow>(rp != rstack.begin());
-        *--rp = v;
-    }
-
-    cell& top() {
-        assert<error::stack_underflow>(sp != dstack.end());
-        return *sp;
-    }
-
-    cell pop() {
-        assert<error::stack_underflow>(sp != dstack.end());
-        return *sp++;
-    }
-
-    auto rpop() -> func * {
-        assert<error::return_stack_underflow>(rp != rstack.end());
-        return *rp++;
-    }
-
-    template<int N>
-    auto pop() {
-        static_assert(N > 0, "pop<N>() with N <= 0");
-
-        auto t = std::tuple {pop()};
-        if constexpr (N > 1)
-            return std::tuple_cat(t, pop<N - 1>());
-        else
-            return t;
-    }
-
-    forth& add(std::string_view name, func entry = nullptr) {
-        const auto namesz = (name.size() + 1 + sizeof(cell) - 1) & ~(sizeof(cell) - 1);
-        const auto size = (sizeof(word_base) + namesz) / sizeof(cell);
-
-        assert<error::parse_error>(!name.empty());
-        //assert<error::dictionary_overflow>(state->here + size < &dictionary.back());
-
-        const auto h = std::exchange(here, here + size);
-        next = new (h) word_base (next, namesz);
-        std::copy(name.begin(), name.end(),
-            std::bit_cast<char *>(h) + sizeof(word_base));
-        if (entry)
-            *here++ = std::bit_cast<cell>(entry);
-        return *this;
-    }
-
-    auto parse() -> std::string_view {
-        return word_list::parse(source, sourcei);
-    }
-
-    void parse_line(std::string_view sv) {
-        source = sv.data();
-        sourcei = sv.find_first_not_of(" \t\r\n");
-
-        while (sourcei != npos) {
-            const auto word = parse();
-
-            if (auto ent = get(word); !ent) {
-                cell n;
-                const auto [p, e] = std::from_chars(word.cbegin(), word.cend(),
-                    n, base);
-
-                assert<error::word_not_found>(e == std::errc() && p == word.cend());
-
-                push(n);
-
-                if (compiling)
-                    execute((*get("literal"))->body());
-            } else {
-                auto body = (*ent)->body();
-
-                if (compiling && ((*ent)->flags_len & word_base::immediate) == 0) {
-                    *here++ = std::bit_cast<cell>(body);
-                } else {
-                    execute(body);
-                }
-            }
-        }
-    }
-
-    void execute(const func *body) {
-        assert<error::execute_error>(body && *body);
-        (*body)(body);
-    }
-
-    template<forth **fthp>
-    static void prologue(const void *bodyf) {
-        static auto& fth = **fthp;
-
-        auto body = (func *)bodyf;
-        fth.rpush(fth.ip);
-
-        for (fth.ip = body + 1; *fth.ip; fth.ip++)
-            fth.execute(std::bit_cast<func *>(*fth.ip));
-
-        fth.ip = fth.rpop();
-    }
-
-    template<forth** fthp>
-    static void initialize(cell *end_value);
-
-    static auto error_string(error err) noexcept -> std::string_view {
-        using enum error;
-        switch (err) {
-        case init_error:             return "init error";
-        case parse_error:            return "parse error";
-        case execute_error:          return "execute error";
-        case dictionary_overflow:    return "dictionary overflow";
-        case word_not_found:         return "word not found";
-        case stack_underflow:        return "stack underflow";
-        case stack_overflow:         return "stack overflow";
-        case return_stack_underflow: return "return stack underflow";
-        case return_stack_overflow:  return "return stack overflow";
-        case compile_only_word:      return "compile only word";
-        default:                     return "unknown error";
-        }
-    }
-
-    constexpr forth() {
-        sp = dstack.end();
-        rp = rstack.end();
-    }
-
-    cell *sp;
-    func **rp;
-    func *ip = nullptr;
-    cell *here = std::bit_cast<cell *>(this + 1);
-    const char *source = nullptr;
-    std::size_t sourcei = npos;
-    cell compiling = false;
-    cell *end = nullptr;
-    cell base = 10;
-    std::array<cell, data_size> dstack;
-    std::array<func *, return_size> rstack;
-};
-
-template<cS Name, func Body, auto *Prev = (const word_base *)nullptr>
-struct native_word : public word_base
-{
-    constexpr static auto N = (sizeof(Name) + sizeof(cell) - 1) & ~(sizeof(cell) - 1);
-    std::array<char, N> namebuf;
-    func body;
-
-    consteval const func *get_ct(std::string_view name) const {
-        if (name == std::string_view{Name.data})
-            return &body;
-        else if constexpr (Prev != nullptr)
-            return Prev->get_ct(name);
-        else
-            return nullptr;
-    }
-
-    consteval native_word(addr flags = 0):
-        word_base{Prev, N | flags}, namebuf{}, body{Body}
-    {
-        std::copy(Name.data, Name.data + sizeof(Name), namebuf.data());
-    }
-};
-
-template<const func Prol, cS Name, cS Body, auto *Prev = (const word_base *)nullptr>
-struct comp_word : public native_word<Name, Prol, Prev>
-{
-    static constexpr std::size_t B =
-        [] {
-            std::size_t b = 1;
-            std::string_view sv {Body.data};
-            auto sourcei = sv.find_first_not_of(" \t\r\n");
-            while (sourcei != std::string_view::npos) {
-                const auto word = word_list::parse(Body.data, sourcei);
-
-                b++;
-                if (!Prev->get_ct(word))
-                    b++;
-            }
-            return b;
-        }();
-
-    union bodyt {
-        const func *f;
-        cell c;
-    };
-
-    std::array<bodyt, B> bodybuf {};
-
-    consteval comp_word(addr flags = 0):
-        native_word<Name, Prol, Prev>{flags}
-    {
-        auto bptr = bodybuf.begin();
-        std::string_view sv {Body};
-        auto sourcei = sv.find_first_not_of(" \t\r\n");
-        while (sourcei != std::string_view::npos) {
-            const auto word = word_list::parse(Body, sourcei);
-
-            auto w = Prev->get_ct(word);
-            if (w) {
-                bptr->f = Prev->get_ct(word);
-                bptr++;
-            } else {
-                cell n;
-                std::from_chars(word.cbegin(), word.cend(), n, 10);
-
-                bptr->f = Prev->get_ct("_lit");
-                bptr++;
-                bptr->c = n;
-                bptr++;
-            }
-        }
-    }
-};
-
-template<cS Name, func Body, addr Flags, auto... Next>
-struct native_dict
-{
-    constexpr static native_word<Name, Body,
-        [] {
-            if constexpr (sizeof...(Next))
-                return &native_dict<Next...>::word;
-            else
-                return (const word_base *)nullptr;
-        }()> word {Flags};
-};
-
-template<func Prol, auto *Prev, cS Name, cS Body, addr Flags, auto... Next>
-struct comp_dict
-{
-    constexpr static comp_word<Prol, Name, Body,
-        [] {
-            if constexpr (sizeof...(Next))
-                return &comp_dict<Prol, Prev, Next...>::word;
-            else
-                return Prev;
-        }()> word {Flags};
-};
-
-std::optional<const word_base *> word_list::get(std::string_view sv) const
-{
-    for (auto lt = next; lt; lt = lt->next) {
-        if (sv == lt->name())
-            return lt;
-    }
-
-    return {};
-}
-
-template<forth** fthp>
-void forth::initialize(cell *end_value)
-{
-    assert<error::init_error>(*fthp);
-
-    static auto& fth = **fthp;
-    static auto _d = std::bit_cast<cell>(*fthp);
-
-    constexpr static func lit_impl = [](auto) {
-        auto ptr = std::bit_cast<cell *>(++fth.ip);
-        fth.push(*ptr);
-    };
-
-    constexpr static auto& dict1 = native_dict<
-          cS{"_d"   }, [](auto) { fth.push(_d); }, 0
-        , cS{"sp"   }, [](auto) { fth.push(_d + sizeof(cell)); }, 0
-        , cS{"rp"   }, [](auto) { fth.push(_d + 2 * sizeof(cell)); }, 0
-        , cS{"ip"   }, [](auto) { fth.push(_d + 3 * sizeof(cell)); }, 0
-        , cS{"dp"   }, [](auto) { fth.push(_d + 4 * sizeof(cell)); }, 0
-        , cS{"state"}, [](auto) { fth.push(_d + 7 * sizeof(cell)); }, 0
-        , cS{"base" }, [](auto) { fth.push(_d + 9 * sizeof(cell)); }, 0
-        , cS{"_lit" }, lit_impl, 0
-        , cS{"swap" }, [](auto) { auto [a, b] = fth.pop<2>(); fth.push(a, b); }, 0
-        , cS{"drop" }, [](auto) { fth.pop(); }, 0
-        , cS{"dup"  }, [](auto) { fth.push(fth.top()); }, 0
-        , cS{"rot"  }, [](auto) { auto [a, b, c] = fth.pop<3>(); fth.push(b, a, c); }, 0
-        , cS{"+"    }, [](auto) { fth.top() += fth.pop(); }, 0
-        , cS{"-"    }, [](auto) { fth.top() -= fth.pop(); }, 0
-        , cS{"*"    }, [](auto) { fth.top() *= fth.pop(); }, 0
-        , cS{"/"    }, [](auto) { fth.top() /= fth.pop(); }, 0
-        , cS{"mod"  }, [](auto) { fth.top() %= fth.pop(); }, 0
-        , cS{"and"  }, [](auto) { fth.top() &= fth.pop(); }, 0
-        , cS{"or"   }, [](auto) { fth.top() |= fth.pop(); }, 0
-        , cS{"xor"  }, [](auto) { fth.top() ^= fth.pop(); }, 0
-        , cS{"lshift"}, [](auto) { fth.top() <<= fth.pop(); }, 0
-        , cS{"rshift"}, [](auto) { fth.top() >>= fth.pop(); }, 0
-        , cS{"["    }, [](auto) { fth.compiling = false; }, word_base::immediate
-        , cS{"]"    }, [](auto) { fth.compiling = true; }, 0
-        , cS{"immediate"}, [](auto) { const_cast<word_base *>(fth.next)->make_immediate(); }, 0
-        , cS{"literal"}, [](auto) {
-            //assert<error::compile_only_word>(fth.compiling);
-            *fth.here++ = std::bit_cast<cell>(&lit_impl);
-            *fth.here++ = fth.pop(); }, word_base::immediate
-        , cS{"@"    }, [](auto) { fth.push(*std::bit_cast<cell *>(fth.pop())); }, 0
-        , cS{"!"    }, [](auto) { auto [p, v] = fth.pop<2>(); *std::bit_cast<cell *>(p) = v; }, 0
-        , cS{"c@"   }, [](auto) { fth.push(*std::bit_cast<char *>(fth.pop())); }, 0
-        , cS{"c!"   }, [](auto) { auto [p, v] = fth.pop<2>(); *std::bit_cast<char *>(p) = v; }, 0
-        , cS{"="    }, [](auto) { auto v = fth.pop(); fth.top() = -(fth.top() == v); }, 0
-        , cS{"<"    }, [](auto) { auto v = fth.pop(); fth.top() = -(fth.top() < v); }, 0
-        , cS{"\'"   }, [](auto) {
-            auto w = fth.parse();
-            auto g = fth.get(w);
-            fth.push(g ? std::bit_cast<cell>((*g)->body()) : 0); }, 0
-        , cS{":"    }, [](auto) {
-            const auto prologue = forth::prologue<fthp>;
-            auto w = fth.parse();
-            fth.add(w);
-            *fth.here++ = std::bit_cast<cell>(prologue);
-            fth.compiling = true; }, 0
-        , cS{";"    }, [](auto) { *fth.here++ = 0; fth.compiling = false; }, word_base::immediate
-        , cS{"\\"   }, [](auto) { fth.sourcei = npos; }, word_base::immediate
-        , cS{"cell" }, [](auto) { fth.push(sizeof(cell)); }, 0
-        , cS{"_jmp" }, [](auto) {
-            auto ptr = ++fth.ip;
-            fth.ip = *std::bit_cast<func **>(ptr) - 1; }, 0
-        , cS{"_jmp0"}, [](auto) {
-            auto ptr = ++fth.ip;
-            if (fth.pop() == 0)
-                fth.ip = *std::bit_cast<func **>(ptr) - 1; }, 0
-        , cS{"chars"}, [](auto) {}, 0
-        , cS{"postpone"}, [](auto) {
-            assert<error::compile_only_word>(fth.compiling);
-            auto w = fth.parse();
-            auto g = fth.get(w);
-            assert<error::word_not_found>(g.has_value());
-            *fth.here++ = std::bit_cast<cell>((*g)->body()); }, word_base::immediate
-    >::word;
-    constexpr static auto& dict2 = comp_dict<forth::prologue<fthp>, &dict1
-        , cS{"align"  }, cS{"here dup aligned swap - allot"}, 0
-        , cS{"aligned"}, cS{"cell 1- + cell 1- invert and"}, 0
-        , cS{"decimal"}, cS{"10 base !"}, 0
-        , cS{"hex"   }, cS{"16 base !"}, 0
-        , cS{"<="    }, cS{"2dup < >r = r> or"}, 0
-        , cS{"2!"    }, cS{"swap over ! cell+ !"}, 0
-        , cS{"2@"    }, cS{"dup cell+ @ swap @"}, 0
-        , cS{"c,"    }, cS{"here c! 1 allot"}, 0
-        , cS{","     }, cS{"here ! cell allot"}, 0
-        , cS{"allot" }, cS{"dp +!"}, 0
-        , cS{"+!"    }, cS{"dup >r swap r> @ + swap !"}, 0
-        , cS{"2swap" }, cS{"rot >r rot r>"}, 0
-        , cS{"2dup"  }, cS{"over over"}, 0
-        , cS{"2over" }, cS{"3 pick 3 pick"}, 0
-        , cS{">r"    }, cS{"rp@ cell - rp ! rp@ cell+ @ rp@ ! rp@ cell+ !"}, 0
-        , cS{"r>"    }, cS{"rp@ @ rp@ cell+ rp ! rp@ @ swap rp@ !"}, 0
-        , cS{"over"  }, cS{"1 pick"}, 0
-        , cS{"pick"  }, cS{"cells cell+ sp@ + @"}, 0
-        , cS{"sp@"   }, cS{"sp @"}, 0
-        , cS{"rp@"   }, cS{"rp @ cell+"}, 0
-        , cS{"here"  }, cS{"dp @"}, 0
-        , cS{"latest"}, cS{"_d @"}, 0
-        , cS{"1-"    }, cS{"1 -" }, 0
-        , cS{"1+"    }, cS{"1 +" }, 0
-        , cS{"cell+" }, cS{"cell +"}, 0
-        , cS{"cells" }, cS{"cell *"}, 0
-        , cS{"char+" }, cS{"1 +" }, 0
-        , cS{"-rot"  }, cS{"rot rot"}, 0
-        , cS{"2drop" }, cS{"drop drop"}, 0
-        , cS{"0="    }, cS{"0 ="}, 0
-        , cS{"0<"    }, cS{"0 <"}, 0
-        , cS{"<>"    }, cS{"= 0="}, 0
-        , cS{">"     }, cS{"swap <"}, 0
-        , cS{"invert"}, cS{"-1 xor"}, 0
-        , cS{"negate"}, cS{"-1 *"}, 0
-        , cS{"2*"    }, cS{"2 *"}, 0
-        , cS{"bl"    }, cS{"32"}, 0
-    >::word;
-
-    fth.next = &dict2;
-    fth.end = end_value;
-}
-
-//static_assert(offsetof(word_base, flags_len) == 1 * sizeof(cell));
-//static_assert(offsetof(forth, sp)        == 1 * sizeof(cell));
-//static_assert(offsetof(forth, rp)        == 2 * sizeof(cell));
-//static_assert(offsetof(forth, ip)        == 3 * sizeof(cell));
-//static_assert(offsetof(forth, here)      == 4 * sizeof(cell));
-//static_assert(offsetof(forth, source)    == 5 * sizeof(cell));
-//static_assert(offsetof(forth, sourcei)   == 6 * sizeof(cell));
-//static_assert(offsetof(forth, compiling) == 7 * sizeof(cell));
-//static_assert(offsetof(forth, end)       == 8 * sizeof(cell));
-//static_assert(offsetof(forth, base)      == 9 * sizeof(cell));
-
-#endif // SFORTH_HPP
-
diff --git a/main.cpp b/main.cpp
index c3267ba..99f5ecc 100644
--- a/main.cpp
+++ b/main.cpp
@@ -14,7 +14,7 @@
 /// You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License along
 /// with this program.  If not, see <http://www.gnu.org/licenses/>.
 
-#include "forth.hpp"
+#include "sforth/forth.hpp"
 
 #include <array>
 #include <fstream>
@@ -22,23 +22,23 @@
 #include <span>
 #include <string>
 
-static std::array<cell, 1024> dict;
-static auto fth = new (dict.data()) forth;
+static std::array<sforth::cell, 1024> dict;
+static auto fth = new (dict.data()) sforth::forth;
 
-static bool parse_stream(forth *, std::istream&, bool say_okay = false);
+static bool parse_stream(sforth::forth *, std::istream&, bool say_okay = false);
 
 int main(int argc, const char *argv[])
 {
     std::span args (argv + 1, argc - 1);
 
-    forth::initialize<&fth>(dict.end());
+    sforth::initialize<&fth>(dict.end());
     fth->add(".", [](auto) {
         char buf[32] = {};
         std::to_chars(buf, buf + sizeof(buf), fth->pop(), fth->base);
         std::cout << buf << ' ';
     });
     fth->add("emit", [](auto) { std::cout << static_cast<char>(fth->pop()); });
-    fth->add("dictsize", [](auto) { fth->push(dict.size() * sizeof(cell)); });
+    fth->add("dictsize", [](auto) { fth->push(dict.size() * sizeof(sforth::cell)); });
 
     for (auto arg : args) {
         if (std::ifstream file {arg}; parse_stream(fth, file))
@@ -48,7 +48,7 @@ int main(int argc, const char *argv[])
     parse_stream(fth, std::cin, true);
 }
 
-bool parse_stream(forth *fth, std::istream& str, bool say_okay)
+bool parse_stream(sforth::forth *fth, std::istream& str, bool say_okay)
 {
     std::string line;
 
@@ -60,8 +60,8 @@ bool parse_stream(forth *fth, std::istream& str, bool say_okay)
 
             try {
                 fth->parse_line(line);
-            } catch (forth::error e) {
-                std::cerr << fth->error_string(e) << " in " << line << std::endl;
+            } catch (sforth::error e) {
+                std::cerr << sforth::error_string(e) << " in " << line << std::endl;
                 continue;
             }
         }
diff --git a/sforth/comp_word.hpp b/sforth/comp_word.hpp
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..e75eee3
--- /dev/null
+++ b/sforth/comp_word.hpp
@@ -0,0 +1,92 @@
+/// sforth, an implementation of forth
+/// Copyright (C) 2024  Clyne Sullivan <clyne@bitgloo.com>
+///
+/// This program is free software: you can redistribute it and/or modify it
+/// under the terms of the GNU General Public License as published by the Free
+/// Software Foundation, either version 3 of the License, or (at your option)
+/// any later version.
+///
+/// This program is distributed in the hope that it will be useful, but WITHOUT
+/// ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of MERCHANTABILITY or
+/// FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE.  See the GNU General Public License for
+/// more details.
+///
+/// You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License along
+/// with this program.  If not, see <http://www.gnu.org/licenses/>.
+
+#ifndef SFORTH_COMP_WORD_HPP
+#define SFORTH_COMP_WORD_HPP
+
+#include "native_word.hpp"
+
+#include <charconv>
+
+namespace sforth {
+
+template<const func Prol, S Name, S Body, auto *Prev = (const word_base *)nullptr>
+struct comp_word : public native_word<Name, Prol, Prev>
+{
+    static constexpr std::size_t B =
+        [] {
+            std::size_t b = 1;
+            std::string_view sv {Body.data};
+            auto sourcei = sv.find_first_not_of(" \t\r\n");
+            while (sourcei != std::string_view::npos) {
+                const auto word = word_list::parse(Body.data, sourcei);
+
+                b++;
+                if (!Prev->get_ct(word))
+                    b++;
+            }
+            return b;
+        }();
+
+    union bodyt {
+        const func *f;
+        cell c;
+    };
+
+    std::array<bodyt, B> bodybuf {};
+
+    consteval comp_word(addr flags = 0):
+        native_word<Name, Prol, Prev>{flags}
+    {
+        auto bptr = bodybuf.begin();
+        std::string_view sv {Body};
+        auto sourcei = sv.find_first_not_of(" \t\r\n");
+        while (sourcei != std::string_view::npos) {
+            const auto word = word_list::parse(Body, sourcei);
+
+            auto w = Prev->get_ct(word);
+            if (w) {
+                bptr->f = Prev->get_ct(word);
+                bptr++;
+            } else {
+                cell n;
+                std::from_chars(word.cbegin(), word.cend(), n, 10);
+
+                bptr->f = Prev->get_ct("_lit");
+                bptr++;
+                bptr->c = n;
+                bptr++;
+            }
+        }
+    }
+};
+
+template<func Prol, auto *Prev, S Name, S Body, addr Flags, auto... Next>
+struct comp_dict
+{
+    constexpr static comp_word<Prol, Name, Body,
+        [] {
+            if constexpr (sizeof...(Next))
+                return &comp_dict<Prol, Prev, Next...>::word;
+            else
+                return Prev;
+        }()> word {Flags};
+};
+
+} // namespace sforth
+
+#endif // SFORTH_COMP_WORD_HPP
+
diff --git a/sforth/forth.hpp b/sforth/forth.hpp
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..91c580c
--- /dev/null
+++ b/sforth/forth.hpp
@@ -0,0 +1,345 @@
+/// sforth, an implementation of forth
+/// Copyright (C) 2024  Clyne Sullivan <clyne@bitgloo.com>
+///
+/// This program is free software: you can redistribute it and/or modify it
+/// under the terms of the GNU General Public License as published by the Free
+/// Software Foundation, either version 3 of the License, or (at your option)
+/// any later version.
+///
+/// This program is distributed in the hope that it will be useful, but WITHOUT
+/// ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of MERCHANTABILITY or
+/// FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE.  See the GNU General Public License for
+/// more details.
+///
+/// You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License along
+/// with this program.  If not, see <http://www.gnu.org/licenses/>.
+
+#ifndef SFORTH_HPP
+#define SFORTH_HPP
+
+#include "comp_word.hpp"
+#include "types.hpp"
+
+#include <algorithm>
+#include <array>
+#include <bit>
+#include <cstddef>
+#include <charconv>
+#include <string_view>
+#include <tuple>
+#include <utility>
+
+namespace sforth {
+
+constexpr bool enable_exceptions = true;
+
+enum class error
+{
+    init_error,
+    parse_error,
+    execute_error,
+    dictionary_overflow,
+    word_not_found,
+    stack_underflow,
+    stack_overflow,
+    return_stack_underflow,
+    return_stack_overflow,
+    compile_only_word
+};
+
+inline auto error_string(error err) noexcept -> std::string_view
+{
+    using enum error;
+    switch (err) {
+    case init_error:             return "init error";
+    case parse_error:            return "parse error";
+    case execute_error:          return "execute error";
+    case dictionary_overflow:    return "dictionary overflow";
+    case word_not_found:         return "word not found";
+    case stack_underflow:        return "stack underflow";
+    case stack_overflow:         return "stack overflow";
+    case return_stack_underflow: return "return stack underflow";
+    case return_stack_overflow:  return "return stack overflow";
+    case compile_only_word:      return "compile only word";
+    default:                     return "unknown error";
+    }
+}
+
+
+template<error Err>
+inline void assert(bool condition)
+{
+    if constexpr (enable_exceptions) {
+        if (!condition)
+            throw Err;
+    }
+}
+
+struct forth : public word_list
+{
+    static constexpr int data_size = 16;
+    static constexpr int return_size = 16;
+
+    static constexpr auto npos = std::string_view::npos;
+
+    void push(cell v) {
+        assert<error::stack_overflow>(sp != dstack.begin());
+        *--sp = v;
+    }
+
+    void push(cell v, auto... vs) {
+        push(v); (push(vs), ...);
+    }
+
+    void rpush(func *v) {
+        assert<error::return_stack_overflow>(rp != rstack.begin());
+        *--rp = v;
+    }
+
+    cell& top() {
+        assert<error::stack_underflow>(sp != dstack.end());
+        return *sp;
+    }
+
+    cell pop() {
+        assert<error::stack_underflow>(sp != dstack.end());
+        return *sp++;
+    }
+
+    auto rpop() -> func * {
+        assert<error::return_stack_underflow>(rp != rstack.end());
+        return *rp++;
+    }
+
+    template<int N>
+    auto pop() {
+        static_assert(N > 0, "pop<N>() with N <= 0");
+
+        auto t = std::tuple {pop()};
+        if constexpr (N > 1)
+            return std::tuple_cat(t, pop<N - 1>());
+        else
+            return t;
+    }
+
+    forth& add(std::string_view name, func entry = nullptr) {
+        const auto namesz = (name.size() + 1 + sizeof(cell) - 1) & ~(sizeof(cell) - 1);
+        const auto size = (sizeof(word_base) + namesz) / sizeof(cell);
+
+        assert<error::parse_error>(!name.empty());
+        //assert<error::dictionary_overflow>(state->here + size < &dictionary.back());
+
+        const auto h = std::exchange(here, here + size);
+        next = new (h) word_base (next, namesz);
+        std::copy(name.begin(), name.end(),
+            std::bit_cast<char *>(h) + sizeof(word_base));
+        if (entry)
+            *here++ = std::bit_cast<cell>(entry);
+        return *this;
+    }
+
+    auto parse() -> std::string_view {
+        return word_list::parse(source, sourcei);
+    }
+
+    void parse_line(std::string_view sv) {
+        source = sv.data();
+        sourcei = sv.find_first_not_of(" \t\r\n");
+
+        while (sourcei != npos) {
+            const auto word = parse();
+
+            if (auto ent = get(word); !ent) {
+                cell n;
+                const auto [p, e] = std::from_chars(word.cbegin(), word.cend(),
+                    n, base);
+
+                assert<error::word_not_found>(e == std::errc() && p == word.cend());
+
+                push(n);
+
+                if (compiling)
+                    execute((*get("literal"))->body());
+            } else {
+                auto body = (*ent)->body();
+
+                if (compiling && ((*ent)->flags_len & word_base::immediate) == 0)
+                    *here++ = std::bit_cast<cell>(body);
+                else
+                    execute(body);
+            }
+        }
+    }
+
+    void execute(const func *body) {
+        assert<error::execute_error>(body && *body);
+        (*body)(body);
+    }
+
+    constexpr forth() {
+        sp = dstack.end();
+        rp = rstack.end();
+    }
+
+    cell *sp;
+    func **rp;
+    func *ip = nullptr;
+    cell *here = std::bit_cast<cell *>(this + 1);
+    const char *source = nullptr;
+    std::size_t sourcei = npos;
+    cell compiling = false;
+    cell *end = nullptr;
+    cell base = 10;
+    std::array<cell, data_size> dstack;
+    std::array<func *, return_size> rstack;
+};
+
+template<forth **fthp>
+void prologue(const void *bodyf)
+{
+    static auto& fth = **fthp;
+
+    auto body = (func *)bodyf;
+    fth.rpush(fth.ip);
+
+    for (fth.ip = body + 1; *fth.ip; fth.ip++)
+        fth.execute(std::bit_cast<func *>(*fth.ip));
+
+    fth.ip = fth.rpop();
+}
+
+template<forth** fthp>
+void initialize(cell *end_value)
+{
+    assert<error::init_error>(*fthp);
+
+    static auto& fth = **fthp;
+    static auto _d = std::bit_cast<cell>(*fthp);
+
+    constexpr static func lit_impl = [](auto) {
+        auto ptr = std::bit_cast<cell *>(++fth.ip);
+        fth.push(*ptr);
+    };
+
+    constexpr static auto& dict1 = native_dict<
+          S{"_d"   }, [](auto) { fth.push(_d); }, 0
+        , S{"sp"   }, [](auto) { fth.push(_d + sizeof(cell)); }, 0
+        , S{"rp"   }, [](auto) { fth.push(_d + 2 * sizeof(cell)); }, 0
+        , S{"ip"   }, [](auto) { fth.push(_d + 3 * sizeof(cell)); }, 0
+        , S{"dp"   }, [](auto) { fth.push(_d + 4 * sizeof(cell)); }, 0
+        , S{"state"}, [](auto) { fth.push(_d + 7 * sizeof(cell)); }, 0
+        , S{"base" }, [](auto) { fth.push(_d + 9 * sizeof(cell)); }, 0
+        , S{"_lit" }, lit_impl, 0
+        , S{"swap" }, [](auto) { auto [a, b] = fth.pop<2>(); fth.push(a, b); }, 0
+        , S{"drop" }, [](auto) { fth.pop(); }, 0
+        , S{"dup"  }, [](auto) { fth.push(fth.top()); }, 0
+        , S{"rot"  }, [](auto) { auto [a, b, c] = fth.pop<3>(); fth.push(b, a, c); }, 0
+        , S{"+"    }, [](auto) { fth.top() += fth.pop(); }, 0
+        , S{"-"    }, [](auto) { fth.top() -= fth.pop(); }, 0
+        , S{"*"    }, [](auto) { fth.top() *= fth.pop(); }, 0
+        , S{"/"    }, [](auto) { fth.top() /= fth.pop(); }, 0
+        , S{"mod"  }, [](auto) { fth.top() %= fth.pop(); }, 0
+        , S{"and"  }, [](auto) { fth.top() &= fth.pop(); }, 0
+        , S{"or"   }, [](auto) { fth.top() |= fth.pop(); }, 0
+        , S{"xor"  }, [](auto) { fth.top() ^= fth.pop(); }, 0
+        , S{"lshift"}, [](auto) { fth.top() <<= fth.pop(); }, 0
+        , S{"rshift"}, [](auto) { fth.top() >>= fth.pop(); }, 0
+        , S{"["    }, [](auto) { fth.compiling = false; }, word_base::immediate
+        , S{"]"    }, [](auto) { fth.compiling = true; }, 0
+        , S{"immediate"}, [](auto) { const_cast<word_base *>(fth.next)->make_immediate(); }, 0
+        , S{"literal"}, [](auto) {
+            //assert<error::compile_only_word>(fth.compiling);
+            *fth.here++ = std::bit_cast<cell>(&lit_impl);
+            *fth.here++ = fth.pop(); }, word_base::immediate
+        , S{"@"    }, [](auto) { fth.push(*std::bit_cast<cell *>(fth.pop())); }, 0
+        , S{"!"    }, [](auto) { auto [p, v] = fth.pop<2>(); *std::bit_cast<cell *>(p) = v; }, 0
+        , S{"c@"   }, [](auto) { fth.push(*std::bit_cast<char *>(fth.pop())); }, 0
+        , S{"c!"   }, [](auto) { auto [p, v] = fth.pop<2>(); *std::bit_cast<char *>(p) = v; }, 0
+        , S{"="    }, [](auto) { auto v = fth.pop(); fth.top() = -(fth.top() == v); }, 0
+        , S{"<"    }, [](auto) { auto v = fth.pop(); fth.top() = -(fth.top() < v); }, 0
+        , S{"\'"   }, [](auto) {
+            auto w = fth.parse();
+            auto g = fth.get(w);
+            fth.push(g ? std::bit_cast<cell>((*g)->body()) : 0); }, 0
+        , S{":"    }, [](auto) {
+            auto w = fth.parse();
+            fth.add(w);
+            *fth.here++ = std::bit_cast<cell>(&prologue<fthp>);
+            fth.compiling = true; }, 0
+        , S{";"    }, [](auto) { *fth.here++ = 0; fth.compiling = false; }, word_base::immediate
+        , S{"\\"   }, [](auto) { fth.sourcei = forth::npos; }, word_base::immediate
+        , S{"cell" }, [](auto) { fth.push(sizeof(cell)); }, 0
+        , S{"_jmp" }, [](auto) {
+            auto ptr = ++fth.ip;
+            fth.ip = *std::bit_cast<func **>(ptr) - 1; }, 0
+        , S{"_jmp0"}, [](auto) {
+            auto ptr = ++fth.ip;
+            if (fth.pop() == 0)
+                fth.ip = *std::bit_cast<func **>(ptr) - 1; }, 0
+        , S{"chars"}, [](auto) {}, 0
+        , S{"postpone"}, [](auto) {
+            assert<error::compile_only_word>(fth.compiling);
+            auto w = fth.parse();
+            auto g = fth.get(w);
+            assert<error::word_not_found>(g.has_value());
+            *fth.here++ = std::bit_cast<cell>((*g)->body()); }, word_base::immediate
+    >::word;
+    constexpr static auto& dict2 = comp_dict<prologue<fthp>, &dict1
+        , S{"align"  }, S{"here dup aligned swap - allot"}, 0
+        , S{"aligned"}, S{"cell 1- + cell 1- invert and"}, 0
+        , S{"decimal"}, S{"10 base !"}, 0
+        , S{"hex"   }, S{"16 base !"}, 0
+        , S{"<="    }, S{"2dup < >r = r> or"}, 0
+        , S{"2!"    }, S{"swap over ! cell+ !"}, 0
+        , S{"2@"    }, S{"dup cell+ @ swap @"}, 0
+        , S{"c,"    }, S{"here c! 1 allot"}, 0
+        , S{","     }, S{"here ! cell allot"}, 0
+        , S{"allot" }, S{"dp +!"}, 0
+        , S{"+!"    }, S{"dup >r swap r> @ + swap !"}, 0
+        , S{"2swap" }, S{"rot >r rot r>"}, 0
+        , S{"2dup"  }, S{"over over"}, 0
+        , S{"2over" }, S{"3 pick 3 pick"}, 0
+        , S{">r"    }, S{"rp@ cell - rp ! rp@ cell+ @ rp@ ! rp@ cell+ !"}, 0
+        , S{"r>"    }, S{"rp@ @ rp@ cell+ rp ! rp@ @ swap rp@ !"}, 0
+        , S{"over"  }, S{"1 pick"}, 0
+        , S{"pick"  }, S{"cells cell+ sp@ + @"}, 0
+        , S{"sp@"   }, S{"sp @"}, 0
+        , S{"rp@"   }, S{"rp @ cell+"}, 0
+        , S{"here"  }, S{"dp @"}, 0
+        , S{"latest"}, S{"_d @"}, 0
+        , S{"1-"    }, S{"1 -" }, 0
+        , S{"1+"    }, S{"1 +" }, 0
+        , S{"cell+" }, S{"cell +"}, 0
+        , S{"cells" }, S{"cell *"}, 0
+        , S{"char+" }, S{"1 +" }, 0
+        , S{"-rot"  }, S{"rot rot"}, 0
+        , S{"2drop" }, S{"drop drop"}, 0
+        , S{"0="    }, S{"0 ="}, 0
+        , S{"0<"    }, S{"0 <"}, 0
+        , S{"<>"    }, S{"= 0="}, 0
+        , S{">"     }, S{"swap <"}, 0
+        , S{"invert"}, S{"-1 xor"}, 0
+        , S{"negate"}, S{"-1 *"}, 0
+        , S{"2*"    }, S{"2 *"}, 0
+        , S{"bl"    }, S{"32"}, 0
+    >::word;
+
+    fth.next = &dict2;
+    fth.end = end_value;
+}
+
+} // namespace sforth
+
+//static_assert(offsetof(word_base, flags_len) == 1 * sizeof(cell));
+//static_assert(offsetof(forth, sp)        == 1 * sizeof(cell));
+//static_assert(offsetof(forth, rp)        == 2 * sizeof(cell));
+//static_assert(offsetof(forth, ip)        == 3 * sizeof(cell));
+//static_assert(offsetof(forth, here)      == 4 * sizeof(cell));
+//static_assert(offsetof(forth, source)    == 5 * sizeof(cell));
+//static_assert(offsetof(forth, sourcei)   == 6 * sizeof(cell));
+//static_assert(offsetof(forth, compiling) == 7 * sizeof(cell));
+//static_assert(offsetof(forth, end)       == 8 * sizeof(cell));
+//static_assert(offsetof(forth, base)      == 9 * sizeof(cell));
+
+#endif // SFORTH_HPP
+
diff --git a/sforth/native_word.hpp b/sforth/native_word.hpp
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..da69b09
--- /dev/null
+++ b/sforth/native_word.hpp
@@ -0,0 +1,64 @@
+/// sforth, an implementation of forth
+/// Copyright (C) 2024  Clyne Sullivan <clyne@bitgloo.com>
+///
+/// This program is free software: you can redistribute it and/or modify it
+/// under the terms of the GNU General Public License as published by the Free
+/// Software Foundation, either version 3 of the License, or (at your option)
+/// any later version.
+///
+/// This program is distributed in the hope that it will be useful, but WITHOUT
+/// ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of MERCHANTABILITY or
+/// FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE.  See the GNU General Public License for
+/// more details.
+///
+/// You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License along
+/// with this program.  If not, see <http://www.gnu.org/licenses/>.
+
+#ifndef SFORTH_NATIVE_WORD_HPP
+#define SFORTH_NATIVE_WORD_HPP
+
+#include "types.hpp"
+
+#include <array>
+
+namespace sforth {
+
+template<S Name, func Body, auto *Prev = (const word_base *)nullptr>
+struct native_word : public word_base
+{
+    constexpr static auto N = (sizeof(Name) + sizeof(cell) - 1) & ~(sizeof(cell) - 1);
+    std::array<char, N> namebuf;
+    func body;
+
+    consteval const func *get_ct(std::string_view name) const {
+        if (name == std::string_view{Name.data})
+            return &body;
+        else if constexpr (Prev != nullptr)
+            return Prev->get_ct(name);
+        else
+            return nullptr;
+    }
+
+    consteval native_word(addr flags = 0):
+        word_base{Prev, N | flags}, namebuf{}, body{Body}
+    {
+        std::copy(Name.data, Name.data + sizeof(Name), namebuf.data());
+    }
+};
+
+template<S Name, func Body, addr Flags, auto... Next>
+struct native_dict
+{
+    constexpr static native_word<Name, Body,
+        [] {
+            if constexpr (sizeof...(Next))
+                return &native_dict<Next...>::word;
+            else
+                return (const word_base *)nullptr;
+        }()> word {Flags};
+};
+
+} // namespace sforth
+
+#endif // SFORTH_NATIVE_WORD_HPP
+
diff --git a/sforth/types.hpp b/sforth/types.hpp
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..d908b8f
--- /dev/null
+++ b/sforth/types.hpp
@@ -0,0 +1,106 @@
+/// sforth, an implementation of forth
+/// Copyright (C) 2024  Clyne Sullivan <clyne@bitgloo.com>
+///
+/// This program is free software: you can redistribute it and/or modify it
+/// under the terms of the GNU General Public License as published by the Free
+/// Software Foundation, either version 3 of the License, or (at your option)
+/// any later version.
+///
+/// This program is distributed in the hope that it will be useful, but WITHOUT
+/// ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of MERCHANTABILITY or
+/// FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE.  See the GNU General Public License for
+/// more details.
+///
+/// You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License along
+/// with this program.  If not, see <http://www.gnu.org/licenses/>.
+
+#ifndef SFORTH_TYPES_HPP
+#define SFORTH_TYPES_HPP
+
+#include <algorithm>
+#include <bit>
+#include <cstdint>
+#include <optional>
+#include <string_view>
+
+namespace sforth {
+
+using cell = std::intptr_t;
+using addr = std::uintptr_t;
+using func = void (*)(const void *);
+
+struct word_base;
+
+struct word_list
+{
+    const word_base *next;
+
+    constexpr word_list(const word_base *n = nullptr): next{n} {}
+
+    std::optional<const word_base *> get(std::string_view sv) const;
+
+    static constexpr auto parse(const char *source, std::size_t& sourcei) -> std::string_view {
+        const std::string_view sv {source};
+
+        const auto e = sv.find_first_of(" \t\r\n", sourcei);
+        const auto word = e != std::string_view::npos ?
+            sv.substr(sourcei, e - sourcei) : sv.substr(sourcei);
+    
+        sourcei = sv.find_first_not_of(" \t\r\n", e);
+        return word;
+    }
+};
+
+struct word_base : public word_list
+{
+    static constexpr addr immediate = 1 << 8;
+
+    addr flags_len;
+
+    constexpr word_base(const word_base *n, addr fl):
+        word_list{n}, flags_len{fl} {}
+
+    std::string_view name() const {
+        return {std::bit_cast<const char *>(this + 1)};
+    }
+
+    const func *body() const {
+        const auto ptr = std::bit_cast<const std::uint8_t *>(this + 1);
+        const auto fptr = ptr + (flags_len & 0xFF);
+        return std::bit_cast<const func *>(fptr);
+    }
+
+    constexpr void make_immediate() {
+        flags_len |= immediate;
+    }
+};
+
+std::optional<const word_base *> word_list::get(std::string_view sv) const
+{
+    for (auto lt = next; lt; lt = lt->next) {
+        if (sv == lt->name())
+            return lt;
+    }
+
+    return {};
+}
+
+template<unsigned N>
+struct S {
+    char data[N];
+
+    consteval S(const char (&s)[N]) {
+        std::copy(s, s + N, data);
+    }
+    consteval operator const char *() const {
+        return data;
+    }
+    consteval auto size() const {
+        return N;
+    }
+};
+
+} // namespace sforth
+
+#endif // SFORTH_TYPES_HPP
+