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GUIDE.md
32
GUIDE.md
@ -10,12 +10,12 @@ For an 8-bit register at memory address `0x0021`, you would write:
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using PORTA_OUT = fr::MemRegister<uint8_t, 0x0021>;
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```
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`fr::MemRegister` is an `fr::Register` that uses `MemoryIO` access. Registers
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`MemRegister` is an `Register` that uses `MemoryIO` access. Registers
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have static functions for interacting with their contents; for example, we
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could now do `PORTA_OUT::write(0x10)` or `auto state = PORTA::read()`.
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A lot more can be done with registers once we define some register masks. A
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`fr::RegisterMask` lets us name one or more bits within a register.
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`RegisterMask` lets us name one or more bits within a register.
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To name our two LEDs, which are only controlled by single bits, we write:
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@ -40,15 +40,16 @@ These calls can also be made through the register using template parameters:
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PORTA_OUT::set<LED_2>();
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```
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Registers can take multiple masks at once:
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Registers can take multiple masks at once too. The masks will be merged so that
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the register is only read and written once:
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```cpp
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PORTA_OUT::toggle<LED_1, LED_2>();
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```
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They also support a `modify` function, which takes a list of mask operations as
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shown below. Through `modify`, the register is only read and written once,
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minimizing I/O.
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A `modify` function is also supported, which takes a list of mask operations as
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shown below. This allows the different operations to be carried out together,
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still keeping to a single register read and write:
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```cpp
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PORTA_OUT::modify<LED_1::set, LED_2::clear>(); // Only have LED_1 turned on
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@ -57,7 +58,7 @@ PORTA_OUT::modify<LED_1::set, LED_2::clear>(); // Only have LED_1 turned on
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What if we need to add a third LED? And what if that LED is on a different
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register, PORTB?
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This is what you could do:
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This is where `RegisterGroup` comes in handy:
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```cpp
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using PORTB_OUT = fr::MemRegister<uint8_t, 0x0041>;
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@ -68,10 +69,9 @@ using LED_3 = fr::RegisterMask<PORTB_OUT, (1 << 5)>;
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using LEDS = fr::RegisterGroup<PORTA_OUT, PORTB_OUT>;
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```
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By defining a `RegisterGroup`, we can make the same calls to modify the LEDs as
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we would with the single register. `RegisterGroup` will direct masks to their
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appropriate registers, while merging operations on the same register to
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maintain that minimal I/O:
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By grouping the two registers, we can carry out our modification calls without
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worrying about which mask is for what register. The `RegisterGroup` will take
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of that, while still merging operations when possible to maintain minimal I/O:
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```cpp
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LEDS::clear<LED_1, LED_2, LED_3>();
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@ -98,8 +98,8 @@ CLOCK_DIV::write<0x03>();
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```
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This will read the register's current value, clear all bits selected by the
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mask, bitwise-OR the value `0x03` to the mask's location, then write the new
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value to the register.
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mask, set the new value `0x03` in the mask's location, then update the
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register.
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`write` can also be included in `modify` chains:
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@ -107,13 +107,13 @@ value to the register.
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CLOCK_CONTROL::modify<CLOCK_DIV::write<0x03>, CLOCK_ENABLE::set>();
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```
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You may also define a `RegisterMaskValue` to name a specific value:
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A `RegisterMaskValue` can also be defined to identify specific values:
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```cpp
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using CLOCK_DIV4 = fr::RegisterMaskValue<CLOCK_DIV, 0x03>;
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```
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Three functions are supported for `RegisterMaskValue`: `set`, which would call
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`RegisterMaskValue` supports three functions: `set`, which would call
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`CLOCK_DIV::write<0x03>()`; `clear`, which clears the masked bits; and `test`,
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which would confirm that the register contains the value `0x03` in the masked
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bits' location.
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@ -122,7 +122,7 @@ bits' location.
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"External" registers are registers that are not memory-mapped. These are also
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supported in *funreg*, and can even be placed in `RegisterGroup`s with
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memory-mapped or other register types.
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other register types.
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An "access type" must be defined to specify how the register is accessed. Here
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is the definition of `MemoryIO`, which is used for memory-mapped registers:
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38
README.md
38
README.md
@ -1,16 +1,34 @@
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# funreg: Functional Memory-mapped Register I/O
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# funreg: Functional Register I/O using modern C++
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*funreg* provides a functional approach to operating on memory-mapped registers
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with zero overhead. This library primarily targets embedded firmware, where
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these types of operations are frequently encountered.
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*funreg* provides a functional approach to interacting with registers.
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The library includes support for memory-mapped registers; however, other types
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of registers can be supported through creating a simple access interface.
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What makes this library unique is its ability to carry out multiple register
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operations with a single function call, reducing this to a single register read
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and write. Further, registers can be organized into "groups": these groups can
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receive a list of operations for any of the contained registers, and will
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optimize down to a single read and write for each register.
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A unique feature of this library is its ability to handle multiple register
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operations with a single function call; these operations will be merged
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together so that the register is only read and written once.
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A tutorial or guide will be added soon.
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Registers may also be organized into groups. These groups can similarly receive
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a list of operations, which will be directed the to the appropriate registers
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for the same single-read-single-write process.
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For example, LEDs can be controlled by a microcontroller with a single call:
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```cpp
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LEDS::modify<LED1::set, LED2::clear, LED3::set>();
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```
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...no matter if the LEDs use different registers, or if any of them are
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controlled by an external circuit rather than a built-in IO peripheral.
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See `GUIDE.md` for a walk-through of the available functionality.
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## Feature overview
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* Define registers of any size, at any address, with optional custom access interface
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* Define register masks to name the bits of registers
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* Define register groups so ease programming (e.g. define an `RTC` group to work with all real-time clock registers at once)
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* Make modifications through groups, masks, or the registers directly
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## Requirements
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